Today, great transformations involve maps of cities and urban spaces. Everybody knows that "mapping", as a practice, has considerably evolved and represents now a universally shared and global experience, belonging, in everyday life, to the vast domain of popular culture (from Google maps, to gps and gis use in sports, holidays etc.). Based on these considerations, we would like to present the results of the first part of the Self-mapping project, a research project initiated thanks to the University of Bologna's public competition "topic ISA-2010". The project was designed to create a methodology for the analysis of urban space, attempting to include Gps tracking and ethno-semiotic methodologies. It regards the mapping of territories, intended to start in Bologna, with the idea of extending the research to other urban situations, including post conflict situation, such as in Kosovo and Bosnia. The overall intention is to study the crossing of urban space by its inhabitants, focusing on the comparison of maps, as potential tools for urban policy regarding new forms of knowledge, marketing of the city and territory, as well as a possible means of "good practices". Parole chiave Mapping, urban crossing, urban space, ethno-semiotics, cartography. Sommario 1. Self-mapping: the general purpose, motivation, and framing of the research project 2. Methods and results: the intersection of ethno-semiotic mappings and methods as determining element of Self-mapping. 3. Expcted and first emergine results. 4. Conclusions Bibliografia Le città visibili. Per Giovanna Franci A cura di Ruggero Ragonese Dicembre 2013 | www.ocula.it 1 This paper has been conceived together by the two authors, even if the writing of the first two paragraphs has been made by Federico Montanari and of the last two paragraphs by Luca Frattura. But we must also remember that this article, as well as the whole research to which it refers, owes much primarily to the work of Gaspare Caliri (also for his work as researcher, as well as for images provided and Gps tracing) and secondly, to the entire research group CUBE, University of Bologna. 1. Self-mapping: the general purpose, motivation, and framing of the research project. The research project Self-Mapping, winner of the ISATOPIC 2010 public competition sponsored by the Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of Bologna, was developed utilizing an interdisciplinary perspective. It draws on a form of analysis that, adapted from the social sciences, starts from the observation of concrete practices and experiences of life in the city. The project also intends to promote an innovative and "bottom-up" concept of marketing and understanding the urban territory that originates from the significance indicated by its users, the people who live there, via the maps that they produce. In recent decades, interest in the study of the city and urban spaces, from many different angles such as the humanities, social sciences, urban and land-use planning, as well as the biological, environmental, and engineering perspectives, has gradually expanded and multiplied. The reasons for this increase of interest are various. The "problem of the city" is one of humanity's most significant problems, an issue central to our coexistence, and perhaps even for the development and survival of the human species and the world. In this respect, a little more than a year ago, the United Nations stated, "the majority of the human population now lives in cities" (an attestation long anticipated by planners and anthropologists). Among the best known urban planners, Mike Davis (2006: 121) argues that if seen as ecological systems and in terms of exchange with the outside environment (water, waste, transport, logistics and food distribution), the metropolis or megalopolis, but in general all major cities, are characterized by a high degree of complexity, much higher, for example, than that of a rainforest. Certainly, this comparison would not completely convince the biologist, or the student of botany, however, the metaphor is valid here, important for emphasizing the extreme degree of irreducible complexity systemic of cities. On the other hand, another striking metaphor is that proposed by the great anthropologist C. Lévi-Strauss. In an interview appeared on the Italian newspaper "La Repubblica" a few years ago, Lévi-Strauss pointed out how the city, when seen from a distance, appears to be a metastasis or calcification of a large malignant invader, an evil from the earth (the human species). Beyond the paradoxical and seemingly apocalyptic nature of this vision, it is undoubtedly effective in showing how cities can be seen as formations and layers: products, emergencies and condensations of the concrete practices of human life. Taking into account all these issues and discourses, in particular the expanding "problem of the city" (that is, its transformation into a general and dramatic problem, touching so many disciplines and fields of research) combined with the fact that the topic of the city itself is associated with a great and long research tradition, the question arises as to how might one develop a new research project. We asked ourselves, alongside all the previous research projects, how could we create something innovative, that could offer something different or at least from a different angle. The basic motivations that provided the initial inspirations from the "Self-mapping" project were, Le città visibili. Per Giovanna Franci | Federico Montanari e Luca Frattura, Mapping Cities 2 | www.ocula.it | Dicembre 2013 on one hand, provided by the new dimensions addressed by urban studies, and on the other, the desire to link areas of research that have expanded and developed in recent years. There are, in this regard, two specific reasons that led to the development and articulation of the "Self-mapping" project which is presented in the article that follows. On one hand, there is the expansion and diffusion of "mapping" projects (both of scientific or commercial nature, for social uses and for marketing) not only of urban spaces, but of the territory in general. Today, this type of work, the production, processing and construction of maps, is highly pervasive, and breaks through the boundaries of traditional disciplines2. In fact, in recent years, it has become a veritable social, cultural and widespread practice, that does not come just from the commercial market, but has also taken on, so to speak, aspects of a widespread grassroots practice. Think of Google, Google maps and Google earth, or the spread of devices such as smart phones. We can consider the passage of GIS and GPS technology from the professional arena (geographers, geologists, archaeologists, military, engineers and researchers) to the consumer market through motorists, tourists, mountaineering and trekking lovers, and boat owners. None of this can be considered as secondary to the overall scope of the research project. This is particularly the case in the social sciences which concerns itself with the behavior of this species of monkeys, as someone once said, that has the occasional habit of dressing itself, throwing bombs and using cell-phones to launch their verses. But there's more, which is the second point regarding the specific motivations of the Self-Mapping project, regarding which, we outline our assumptions and first results. Bruno Latour (see, e.g., AA.VV., 1999) in his studies about the relationship between technology, science, and social behaviors, insists on the importance that even the social sciences attribute to extraordinary and widespread phenomenon of "visualization." For some time, thanks to the web, computers, and "imaging" technologies and devices in general, it is as if social and cultural phenomena and behavior were struck by a transformation which perhaps seems obvious and predictable to other scientific research areas, but that for the human sciences represents a breakthrough and innovation, as well as a challenge. Once, the use of display devices (beyond the use of tables, graphs, diagrams and, not surprisingly, the same maps that have always been the heritage of the humanities and social sciences) was essentially typical of Physical and Natural Sciences. Consider the use video and photographs, by history, anthropology, and law, aimed at re-building significant or Le città visibili. Per Giovanna Franci | Federico Montanari e Luca Frattura, Mapping Cities 3 | www.ocula.it | Dicembre 2013 2 There's non need to recall here the fact that it is at least since the end of the eigthies that a major trend in cartography is one that identify maps as a way to express knowledge and power: the so called "critical cartography" has had a significat evolution during the last two decades and, starting from the seminal works of D. Wood (1992) and A. MacEachren (1995), has soon begun to consider semiotics and other related disciplines, such as anthropology, as useful instruments in order to investigate the interactions between inherent and explicit meanings of maps. dramatic moments of a given phenomenon, historical process, or event. According to Latour, the technologies of visualization and, in particular, the web, internet, computers connected to other computers and we could say "geo-location", represent an even bigger turning point. For some time now, we can visualize the exchange of text messages in real-time during a major historical event (this, from another point of view, is both an opportunity for a researcher, and an open question regarding democracy, given that the same mapping can be easily acquired and used by the police). In recent years we can "show" and share our movements in a given urban area or territory, even through open-source platforms. Given these insights and theoretical premises, the project intended to start in Bologna, seen as an ideal city in which to apply the methods proposed by the project, with the idea that it wo


Objective To observe the three-dimensional structure changes of subchondral bone in early stage knee joint instability and the effect of diphosphonate intervention so as to test the role of early three-dimensional structure changes of subchondral bone in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA).Methods Sixty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to model group (n =24),diphosphonate group (n=24) and control group (n =12) according to random number table.Rabbit right knee destabilization (anterior cruciate ligament transection) is used to induce OA.Rabbits in diphosphonate group received subcutaneous injection of 0.01 mg/kg diphosphonate (risedronate) per day.Instead,isotonic saline solution of the same volume was subcutaneously given to rabbits in model and control groups.One third of the animals in each group were killed at week 4,8 and 12 respectively.Surgical knee joint with preservation of each 2 cm bone above and below joint surface was dissected to perform Micro-CT.Bone volume fraction (BVF),trabecular thickness (Tb.Th),trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp),trabecular number (Tb.N),volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and tissue BMD (tBMD) were measured and analyzed statistically.Results At week 4 following operation,BVF,Tb.N and Tb.Th were lowered significantly in model group as compared to control group (P <0.01) ;BVF was lower in model group than in diphosphonate group (P < 0.05) and lower in diphosphonate group than in control group (P < 0.05) ; Tb.Sp was increased in model group as compared to diphosphonate group and control group (P <0.01) and had obvious increase in diphosphonate group as compared to control group (P <0.01) ; vBMD was significantly lower in model group than in diphosphonate group and control group (P < 0.05),but there was no statistical difference between diphosphonate group and control group.At week 12 following operation,model group presented higher BVF,Tb.Th and Tb.N (P <0.05),significantly lower Tb.Sp (P < 0.05) and significantly higher vBMD (P < 0.01) as compared to diphosphonate group and control group.Conclusions In knee joint instability,variations of subchondral bone are mainly characterized by osteoclasia in the early stage,followed by osteogenesis in later stage.Diphosphonate may improve the bone architecture of subcondral bone via inhibition of bone resorption.

Key words:
Osteoarthritis;  Diphosphates Subchondral bone


This paper proposes a support vector machine (SVM) for real-time detection of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) from normal beats and others. This includes a signal feature extraction module and a statistical pattern recognition module. In feature extraction, time, frequency and morphological features are extracted, here six features are selected and made up a feature vector for input the pattern identifier. After this, an SVM is used to recognize PVC from normal beats and others; this classifier is fit for the requirements of precision and real-time at the same time. Finally, by means of testing electrocardiogram (ECG) data which from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, the correct rating is more than 97%. Through the comparison with other methods, this achieves favorable results both in real-time and accuracy requirement.


The rhyme 東 and the rhyme 冬 are divided into the parts in the Qieyun rhyming book. Most scholars think that the two rhymes had different vowels in Middle Chinese. However, the difference between the two rhymes might have occurred at the final consonants(coda) in Old Chinese. It is said that characters of the rhyme 東 had *-ŋ coda while those of the rhyme 冬 had *-m coda before the first century B.C.. Characters ? and 躬 also belonged to the rhyme 冬 and had *-m coda. In this paper, it was examined whether Korean words 봄(spring), 굼뜨다(sluggish) came from the Old Chinese pronunciations of these characters or not. In the meantime, Characters 副 and 未 were open syllables in Middle Chinese. However, they are considered to have been closed syllables with *-k, *-d coda in Old Chinese. In this paper, it was also examined whether 버금(the second in order), 굿, 구덩이 (hole), 못(not) came from the Old Chinese pronunciations of the following characters 副, 窟, 未 or not.


Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the least apperceived mental disorder globally, associated with trauma and stressor cognate disorder. Administration of synthetic drugs on a constant schedule may lead to adverse events and other complications. Thus, Anti-PTSD medications require novel herbal pharmacological therapy. Recently, Anti-PTSD activity of Carissa carandas (CC) and Fragaria leaves (FL) has been demonstrated. Both are valuable bioresource for a range of health-related applications since they accommodate as a source of bioactive compounds with powerful antioxidant potential higher than in other berries. They possess faculty to cross the blood-brain barrier and chelate transition metal ions as well as forage pathological amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. For neuro-pathophysiology and pharmacological evaluations, pharmacologically different animal models of PTSD have been developed. Animal models are a prominent approach to learn PTSD without requiring to use of actual victims. A genuine effort has been taken in this article which provides the clear and cosine worldwide proven anti-PTSD potential of CC and Fl. The objective behind this article is to new vision to present and future scientists, researchers, industries, and regulatory bodies on the potential anti-PTSD potential of CC and Fl for the betterment of society by highlighting clinical and pre-clinical studies which contributed to support the concept. Any outcome in a model can be extrapolated to humans, giving scientists a better picture of what to anticipate mechanistically and in treatment response. Thus, CC and FL have wide application in mental disorders precisely in PTSD and as being herbal formulation, it has lesser adverse effects as compared to synthetic drugs.


ABSTRACT Enterprise innovation activities are embedded in multi-networks, where middle manager plays an important role. Using the questionnaire data, this paper tests the influences of multi-networks, namely administrative network, knowledge network, and social network, on enterprise innovation, and middle manager's effects are discussed as well. The results show that triple networks have significant effects on enterprise innovation performance, and through promoting emotional resonance, knowledge sharing, and behaviour resonance among employees, middle manager moderates the relationship of networks and innovation. This paper advanced the research on enterprise innovation mechanism based on multi-network embeddedness and provides some insights about middle managers' innovation role in enterprise.


Multi-functional polymers were designed and synthesized that contain both kinetic hydrate inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor groups. This was achieved by modifying a co-polymer of vinyl caprolactam and acrylic acid (PVCap-co-AA) where the acid groups were converted to known corrosion inhibitor groups including imidazole (APIM) and quaternary ammonium (ATCH) moieties. Therefore, all of the resulting polymers had the same molecular weight, end groups and overall composition which allowed for accurate determination of the performance of these inhibitors. Their performance as kinetic hydrate inhibitors were evaluated by determining the hydrate onset time, growth rate, and resistance to flow using a high pressure autoclave. The experimental results show that both PVCap-co-APIM and PVCap-co-ATCH were able to delay hydrate nucleation, however PVCap-co-APIM was better than PVCap-co-ATCH. The performance of new KHICIs were evaluated and compared with a commercial KHI, Luvicap, with three different cooling rates: fo...


consequence, the ease of disseminating jihadi propaganda to wider audiences) is a convincing one, as he argues that the socially isolated are particularly vulnerable to such discourse. The book follows two distinct themes, the first of which is to provide a chronological account of the evolution of jihadi ideology within conflict zones and Islamist terrorist plots within Europe, from the 'Afghan–Arab' conflicts across North Africa and the Middle East during the late 1980's, to the conflicts in Bosnia and Chechnya in the 1990's to the 'Iraq Effect' of 2003 and the fallout that continues to proliferate to this day in the form of ISIS and the Syrian civil war (Nesser 129–132). The second theme that this book follows is Nesser's thematic analysis of terrorist cells and their activity over the past 20 years within Europe. He produces his own typology of the terrorist actor to indicate patterns in individuals 'typically' involved in terrorist cells and the proliferation of extremist jihadi ideology. Nesser uses four distinct terms in his analysis; 'the entrepreneur' (the charismatic, educated organiser and leader with potential foreign conflict zone experience), 'the protégé' (a close associate of the entrepreneur often with a specific skill set) and finally 'the misfits' and 'the drifters', who are often marginalised members of society whom the 'entrepreneurs' exploit and use as facilitators of terrorist acts (Nesser 2015, 13–17). However, this book does fall short of fully tackling this issue and the wider discourse surrounding the nature between radicalisation and terrorism in the contemporary context. For instance, Nesser puts forward a confusing argument for the case of the sizable European Pakistani community (mainly residing in the UK) being at risk of radicalisation due to the current situation in Pakistan, whereby terrorist organisations have sought refuge in remote northern areas of the country. On the one hand, he confirms that the Pakistani community is at high risk of radicalisation within Europe, but also acknowledges that one singular Pakistani community doesn't actually exist (i.e. Pashtun, Punjabi, Kashmiri, etc.) all of whom having extremely varying degrees of political, cultural and religious lifestyles both inter-regionally within Pakistan and within immigrant populations in Europe (where even more variation can be found). As such, it is hard to draw generalised conclusions to make such claims. Furthermore, although this book does aim to show patterns in terrorist activity (and in those with the 'potential' to commit it), it does acknowledge that limitations are made when generalising the journey made by individuals to plotting and committing terrorist acts. In sum, this book should be of great interest to the policy-maker, counter-terrorism practitioner, risk analyst, academic and student looking for a comprehensive and accessible history of jihadi terrorism within the contemporary European context.


The new technologies lead us to question our academic structures and processes, but effective implementation of the technologies and positive changes in our traditions will occur only if we incorporate basic research about teaching and learning into discussions and planning.


The aim of the thesis is to provide closer view to the lending process in the commercial bank, to define, what the lending process is, what the active and passive bank operations mean, to specify the rules that are applied during the lending process towards the entrepreneurs. The thesis defines the commercial bank itself, its role on the market, tools, that it uses to execute its role, as well as it offers the typology of the banks. The thesis provides the closer view to the lending process, specifically to the analyses of the client's credibility, which is the most crucial part of the bank's lending process. There is a practical example of the lending process mentioned in the thesis, specifically the lending process in the following Slovak commercial banks: Slovenska sporiteľňa, Tatrabanka a CSOB.


SUMMARY The problem associated with planning a collision-free path for a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) moving among obstacles in the workspace is investigated in this paper. A kinematic model, including the general nonholonomic constraint equation, is developed first, followed by the analysis of some general maneuvering characteristics of the WMR. The analytic solutions to the typical path curves, such as circle and straight line, which are important in the path planning problem, are also derived. From the analysis of the established kinematic model, some factors which affect the path planning problem for a WMR and therefore must be taken into account are revealed and the general description of the path planning problem for a WMR is formuated. In conclusion, a possible architecture of the algorithm for a practical WMR is presented.


Compound of formula (I): ** ** Formula in which: X denotes an -OH or> = O group; n is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R 'denotes; a hydrogen atom or an alquilolineal radical of C1-C4 or C3-C4 branched, or an unsaturated hydrocarbon radical of C3-C4, when n> = 2, two adjacent groups -OR 'may together form a divalent radical -O- CH2-O-; with the proviso that when X> = OH, the compound does not comprise ethylenic double bond in the alpha position of the carbon bearing the OH; and their salts, and their optical isomers.


The Internet has been a huge success in the academic world, as it makes it possible for academics to share and find research materials; open access has therefore become a fact of life for academic publishing. But what is the role of publishers in this new environment? The key functions of publishing – organizing peer review, editorial support, graphic design, marketing, and distribution of academic information – do not just disappear; publishers still have a role here, but they need to take a more service‐minded perspective. Academics still need to find ways to ensure the dissemination of their output; it is important that they realize that this will cost money, whether it is brought in‐house or outsourced. The IMISCOE project, on which Amsterdam University Press has recently embarked, offers an entirely new publishing model oriented towards online dissemination of academic research results, as well as in book form.


OBSCURE though its ultimate cause may be, awareness of the widespread nature of the changes throughout the body prompts one to be on the lookout for unusual clinical signs in glandular fever. There have been no reports of its ocular manifestations in Great Britain since hyperaemia of the discs was first described by Clemens (1907). The most authoritative and recent account is that of Tanner (1954), who divides the complications into two groups:


to produce desired changes [2], so convened a group of enthusiastic anaesthetists with an interest in trauma and hip fracture anaesthesia to address these issues. We have achieved significant improvement in structure, process and outcome measures [3], building on those reported in the 2014 National Anaesthesia Sprint Audit of Practice (ASAP) [4]. Robust, local, data-based information has been an essential component for demonstrating continuous improvement as part of our quality improvement programme. We introduced a consultant 'anaesthetist of the week' to provide consistent day-time care over a 7-day period, to assist standardisation, reduce operative delay/cancellation and ensure continuity of communication with the orthogeriatrics services; specialist orthopaedic surgeons undertake a similar rota pattern, enabling continuity of care and consistent decision-making. The 'anaesthetist of the week' is paired with a second anaesthetist for at least one session Monday to Friday, enabling them to undertake regular ward rounds, and co-ordinate peri-operative care, particularly analgesia, fluid management, consent issues and pre-operative optimisation. Anaesthetic techniques and peri-operative care were standardised into standard operating procedures, based on the best evidence and guidance available. Continual feedback and multidisciplinary standardised care has been key to our improvement, and I commend these processes to other clinicians and hospitals. S. Sivasubramaniam Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK Email: email@example.com


Oil spill pollution is considered to be one of the major environmental hazards. Biodegradation is a process by which the toxic complex compounds are converted into less toxic and/or nontoxic simpler compounds by the microorganisms. Bacteria can degrade the diesel oil and utilize the hydrocarbons as carbon source for their own energy needs, growth and reproduction. In the present study five bacterial strains were isolated from the diesel contaminated soil and two of them show maximum growth and were identified as Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics. Hydrocarbon utilization test and Biodegradability test indicate that the mixed cultures of Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus synergetically can degrade the diesel oil more effectively when compared to the individual species.


Introduction: Pertussis is an infectious and highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract, caused by a bacterium called Bordetellapertussis. It can occur at any stage of life. The prevention of whooping cough is effective part of the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Brazil, which offers the vaccine free of in public health. Data relative to notifications of cases of whooping cough in Brazil are stored and grouped in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN).


The main technical performance and characteristics of the 4m3 full-gyration hydraulic grab dredger in Changjiang river are introduced,including in the equipments disposition,structural design,dredging operation,as well as its outfit of mechanical electrical equipments.This dredger is advanced in technology of efficiency,safety and reliability,with good operating condition.


During fifty years' history of the Japanese Electrophoresis Society, many types of handmade electrophoresis experiments by many members of the Society contributed to the progress of electrophoretic methods. Starting from the handmade Tiselius' electrophoresis apparatus by Hirai and Shimao, recollections of the members active in the handmade electrophoreses in the first fifteen years of the Society are described. Then, two examples of handmade electrophoresis by the author, namely, a buffer gradient gel electrophoresis and a comparative study of computer simulations of glycine and tricine discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis made in the last twenty years are shown.


Many animals live in nests with a complex three-dimensional structure that may significantly influence their behavior. However, the inaccessibility of nest interiors means that behavior within them often goes unobserved. The social networks of bats, for example, depend on interactions at roosting sites (Wilkinson et al. 2019), but only recently have their spatial configurations and social interactions within natural tree hollow nests been described (Ripperger et al. 2019).


— We developed a solid pH sensor, which can implement a real-time monitoring of pH value with low power consumption and high accuracy. The prototype of the pH sensor was fabricated and packaged well and can keep a linear output proportional to the changes in the pH value and has a high-sensitivity of >14 µA/pH. The developed pH sensor is believed to be significantly important for both the industrial and the civilian sectors for improving the efficiency of environment monitoring.


The purpose of this study is to review the rights of workers to obtain protection, including informal workers, as mandated in Article 3 paragraph (2) of Law Number 32 of 1992 concerning Labor Social Security that every worker has the right to social security of workers. The hazard risk from the work environment owned by informal workers is the same as that of formal workers. So far, the occupational health services provided are still curative, while health care and improvement efforts to improve work and preventive capacity are always neglected. This study uses a juridical empirical research method with a descriptive approach; data collection is done through questionnaires. The research sample includes workers in the home or micro industries both in the Regency and in the City of Magelang. Samples are collected using a nonprobability sampling method, then analyzed using qualitative analysis with inductive methods. Based on the results of the study, the understanding of the SJSN by both employers and informal sector workers is insufficient, but the majority of respondents have a desire to join the SJSN program, with the priority of health insurance and work accident insurance programs. The ability and willingness to become a BPJS participant are influenced by the level of income, and level of education. Current informal sector workers have not been covered by guaranteed protection, both BPJS Kesehatan, and BPJS. The main factor is the non-participation of casual workers in the guarantee of protection due to financial inability to pay contributions. Besides that, it was also because of his ignorance, even though it was not significant. This is due to a lack of socialization from stakeholders regarding the importance of health and safety guarantees and protection for workers and their families in addition to regulations that also do not accommodate informal workers.


kappci and kappaci compute confidence intervals for the kappa-statistic with two unique raters and with two or more (non-unique) raters and a binary outcome. kapssi computes sample size for estimating kappa with a given standard error (or standard error for given sample size) in the same situation of two or more raters and a binary outcome.


New kind of spinors are introduced on four-dimensional Lorentzian Spinc manifolds in [1]. We define Dirac operator on such spinors. In [2] Seiberg–Witten-like equations are written down on Minkowski space. In the present work we generalize these equations to four-dimensional Lorentzian Spinc-manifolds.


The sustainability of a peanut farming community hinges on understanding the key production players in the supply chain. This agend-asetting paper focused on presenting and analyzing the production and marketing experiences of 75 peanut farmers in Enrile, Cagayan, Philippines, using the case methodology through farmer surveys, key informant interviews, and secondary sources of information. This paper aims to present sustainability perspectives to revitalize peanut farming in the area and address the issues encountered in the production and marketing of peanuts. The results of this study showed that peanut farming in the community can be revitalized and sustained through instituting effective flood control measures, improving peanut farming practices, employing market-driven strategies supported by supply chain and quality management, nurturing the next generation of peanut farmers, and establishing better linkages with support institutions and industry.


The article expounded the substance of the capital cycle and the process of the market economic move.From the capital cycle we can see that the market main body in the market economic move is mainly that what characteristics an enterprise should have;Why the perfect market system should be set up and how the market mechanism play its part in the move.


Oceanic islands have been used as model systems for studies of evolution and speciation as the range of island sizes coupled with their known geological chronosequence make them ideal systems for the study of spatial and temporal variations in species diversity and distributions. These processes also occur on continental islands and mainland habitats but features of oceanic islands, notably their clearly delimited boundaries, natural isolation and simple geological composition make them more amenable to study.

The perched dune lakes of Fraser Island, Australia share many of the properties of oceanic islands. The naturally isolated formation of the perched lakes, clearly delimited boundaries of the freshwater habitat and phase difference compared to the surrounding, terrestrial environment have significant implications for the biota these lakes support. Inhabitants of the perched dune lakes consist of the aquatic and semi-aquatic descendents of colonisers that were able to traverse a land barrier and survive in the oligotrophic, acidic waters over subsequent generations. Barriers to ongoing gene flow among lake populations, are however likely to be different for species with different life history characteristics. I therefore sought to assess the effects of three different life history characteristics on post-colonisation interpopulation gene flow.

A representative species was selected to represent one of each of the following life history characteristics:

* Aquatic species confined to lake for entire life cycle - freshwater shrimp Caridina indistincta.

* Semi-aquatic species capable of terrestrial dispersal - freshwater turtle

Emydura krefftii.

* Semi-aquatic species capable of aerial dispersal - odonate Orthetrum

Boumiera.

137-250 individuals were sampled per species across six lakes separated by 1-6km.

Regions of the mitochondrial genome were targeted and molecular screening methods developed and employed to assess the relative levels of post-colonisation gene flow among lake populations.

Parsimony analysis of the 25 unique haplotypes identified in the species with no apparent inter-lake dispersal mechanism, the freshwater shrimp Caridina indistincta, demonstrated that there was no sharing of derived haplotypes among lake populations. Star shaped genealogies were identified in four lake populations indicative of a population expansion and mismatch distribution analysis confirmed a recent population expansion estimated to have occurred no more than 200,000 years ago. This demonstrates that each of the perched dune lakes was colonised by

C.indistincta soon after their inception but that no ongoing gene flow among lake populations has occurred.

The population genetic structure of the species assessed which is capable of terrestrial dispersal suggests that although this species of freshwater turtle, Emydura krefftii, is capable of overland dispersal, gene flow among lake populations is limited. Even at the small spatial scale examined in this study, E.krefftii populations displayed a pattern of isolation by distance (r=0.854, p&lt0.03). Nested clade analysis also suggested a pattern of restricted gene flow with some long distance dispersal in recent times with long distance dispersal and a possible range expansion occurring historically.

The species examined in this study that displayed the most extensive gene flow among lake populations was the dragonfly Orthetrum boumiera. No relationship was found between genetic and geographic distance (r= -0.0852, p&gt0.05) and nested clade analysis could not identify a geographical association among haplotypes, indicative of panmixia. While larval life stages of this species are fully aquatic, the winged adult stages of this species appear to be connecting seemingly isolated lake populations, at least at the spatial scale examined here.

The results of this study have demonstrated that these perched dune lakes provide 'island like' models for recent biogeographic processes. The pattern of colonisation and subsequent diversification identified in these populations takes the form of insitu 'genetic radiations' with those populations that are isolated forming monophyletic clades endemic to a single lake. The genetic diversity and endemism identified in this study has occurred over much smaller temporal (&lt500,000 years) and spatial (&lt6.5km) scales than in studies of oceanic island fauna. However, the mode of formation of the perched dune lakes and the implications that their natural isolation and abiotic genesis have for the evolution of colonisers of these unique habitats has resulted in them being analogous to true oceanic islands.


A new unified visco-plastic constitutive model for the 60 Sn-40 Pb alloy used in solder joints of surface-mount IC packages and semiconductor devices is proposed. The model accounts for the measured stress-dependence of the activation energy and for the strong Bauschinger effect exhibited by the solder. The latter is represented by a back stress state variable which, in turn, evolves according to a hardening-recovery equation. Based on the observed hardening behavior, it is assumed that the isotropic resistance to plastic flow does not evolve within the deformation range covered in this study (e< 3 percent). The deformation phenomena associated with the solder's monotonic and steady-state cyclic responses are accurately predicted for −55°C≦T≦150°C and 8 x 10−2 s−1 ≦ e ≦ 8 x 10−5 s−1 . The model also predicts well the overall trend of steady-state creep behavior. The constitutive model is formulated within a continuum mechanics framework and is therefore well suited for implementation into finite element or other structural codes.


Orthogonal polarization and ninety-degree rotational symmetry are used to design a compact antenna system with high port isolation for full-duplex wireless applications. Two transmitter and two receiver elements are fed perfectly out of phase with wideband one-hundred-eighty-degree couplers. The system is modeled, achieving a simulated isolation of greater than 52.3 dB and gain of greater than 8.6 dB over the band from 5.24 to 6.94 GHz.


This paper review the FinFET structure as a future transistor for analog and digital electronic circuits, and present its electrical characteristics depending on the important parameters for evaluating the MOSFETs structures like DIBL and Ion/Ioff.


The maximum principle for SPDEs is established in multidimensional $C^{1}$ domains. An application is given to proving the H\"older continuity up to the boundary of solutions of one-dimensional SPDEs.


Subjective evil and personal dangerousness have been increasingly paid more attention to during conviction and sentencing. It is the inevitable result of valuing "act " and "actor " in the development of criminal law. However,what is subjective evil,what is personal dangerousness,what is the relationship between subjective evil and personal dangerousness,and to what extent they have played their roles in conviction and sentencing,are unclear in theory and in practice yet. Personal dangerousness may manifest from different aspects,such as the possibility of committing crime for the first time and the possibility of recommitment,the subjective possibility of recommitment and the objective possibility of recommitment,the possibility of law- breaking and the possibility of committing a crime. They are of great research value in"post reeducation through labor"era. It is dangerous to highlight personal dangerousness and overlook social harm. What is more,we should clarify the exact meaning of personal dangerousness first.


Results of finite-element analysis (FEA) of oblique impacts of elastic and elastic, perfectly plastic spheres with an elastic flat substrate are presented. The FEA results are in excellent agreement with published data available in the literature. A simple model is proposed to predict rebound kinematics of the spheres during oblique impacts. In this model, the oblique impacts are classified into two regimes: (i) persistent sliding impact, in which sliding occurs throughout the impact, the effect of tangential (elastic or plastic) deformation is insignificant and the model reproduces the well-established theoretical solutions based on rigid body dynamics for predicting the rebound kinematics and (ii) non-persistent sliding impact, in which sliding does not occur throughout the impact duration and the rebound kinematics depends upon both Poisson's ratio and the normal coefficient of restitution (i.e. the yield stress of the materials). For non-persistent sliding impacts, the variation of impulse ratio with impact angle is approximated using an empirical equation with four parameters. These parameters are sensitive to the values of Poisson's ratio and the normal coefficient of restitution, but can be obtained by fitting numerical data. Consequently, a complete set of solutions is obtained for the rebound kinematics, including the tangential coefficient of restitution, the rebound velocity at the contact patch and the rebound rotational speed of the sphere during oblique impacts. The accuracy and robustness of this model is demonstrated by comparisons with FEA results and data published in the literature. The model is capable of predicting complete rebound behaviour of spheres for both elastic and elastoplastic oblique impacts.


In the petroleum natural gas exploitation process,light hydrocarbon separation process is a very important part in the oil and gas treatment system,and its effect is to separate component C3 and above. Usually,the quality and quantity of products are influenced greatly because of the quite great fluctuation of the feed and its composition to the light hydrocarbon separation process,if the operating conditions keep unchanged. Hysys was used to establish the simulation system of the light hydrocarbon separation process. The reliability of the model was validated by the comparison of the simulation result and the plant data,and then the dynamic characters of the separation process were also investigated. It shows that the research can be used not only as the off-line guidance in the practical production to meet the quality control of the process,but also as the basis for safety analysis and online optimization,etc.


gases, Boltzmann showed in 1872 how to give a partial description (by using only part of the available information) which was still full enough to describe the time-evolution. Since then many other applications (electron transport in plasma, neutron transport in nuclear reactors, radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres) have been made. This book gives a full, and highly technical account, of the equation and the techniques used for its (partial) solution. It can be commended to those who need to apply the equation, and to those expert in functional analysis seeking new fields to conquer.


A 25Gbps quasicoherent receiver with simple DSP has been experimentally validated for 25G access networks. It exhibits a sensitivity of −24. 7dBm after 20km SSMF and duobinary decoding and provides a power budget of 25. 7dB.


This appendix is organized as follows. Section A upper bounds the tensor completion error in the general case. Section B proves the upper bounds for both the general and the special cases. Section C computes the gradients in NonconvexPE for propensity estimation. Section D numerically studies the sensitivity of propensity estimation algorithms (ConvexPE and NonconvexPE) to their respective hyperparameters.


Establishing international collaborations between engineering education programs often entails a number of different activities, none of which are easy to establish or maintain. It is easy to lose sight of the goals. This paper suggests using student outcomes as a way of assessing and focusing these collaborations. The topic will be addressed using the experiences and data from a 5-year collaboration between the Universite d'Artois in France and Penn Sate University in the USA. Anecdotal data will be used from students who have engaged in collaborative design projects, in discussions of ethics, and who have had cross-national co-operative experiences. Key issues studied will be the positive role of cross-cultural differences, the preparatory role of such student experiences for working in the global economy, and the ability of information technology to internalize the in-house engineering curriculum. (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Student Outcomes of International Collaborations Richard Devon and Wayne Hager School for Engineering Technology and Commonwealth Engineering Penn State University University Park, PA 16802, USA Abstract Jacques Lesenne and Dominique SaintiveJacques Lesenne and Dominique Saintive Institut Universitaire de Technologie


As a quick soft foundation consolidation technology, spurting piles have been widely applied, the design requirements, construction machinery, material requirements, construction technology, quality control, testing method and adaptability scope of which are introduced in detail based on engineering practice.


The values of constants appearing in error estimates of approximations by finite element methods play an important role in numerical verification methods for elliptic equations (Nakao and Yamamoto(1998),Yamamoto and Nakao(1995) , etc.).For efficient implementation of the verification algorithms on computers, it is necessary that these constants can be estimated as close as possible to their optimal values. In Nakao,Yamamoto and Kimura(1998), the optimal constant was derived for quadratic elements as well as a nearly optimal value for cubic elements. In this paper, we establish a method to calculate the values of constants for approximation by piecewise polynomials of arbitrary degree and to give bounds on the difference between the constants so calculated and optimal values.


Fram Strait spring ice export and September Arctic sea ice M. H. Halvorsen, L. H. Smedsrud, R. Zhang, and K. Kloster Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway


The idea that intervention is needed early in Schizophrenia has been known to psychiatric field as early as 1927 when Harry Stack-Sullivan spoke of "recognizing that to leave the illness undiagnosed and untreated would lead to less favourable outcomes, necessitating a long stay in institutions". The early intervention programs were first initiated at Melbourne, Australia and Buckinghamshire, UK during the mid 1980s. It spread to the American and European countries and in recent time the programs have been initiated in Southeast Asia as well.


This study is a measure for strategic development of Taekwondo instructors that has been discussed and researched using an approach for strategic management and development of the instructors based on the opinions of the field instructors. It aimed to suggest a plan to efficiently develop and manage current and future instructors through the existing HRD approach to educate, develop and manage human resources mainly in the military or business based on and conclude as follows. First, instructors has failed to work for a longtime due to the issue of difficulties finding eligible instructors with suitable capabilities and conflicts between the instructors who failed to get unsuitable treatment given the Taekwondo specialits's capability. Second, many of the instructors participating in the research were newly employed with weak and improper capabilities. It is required to provide a strategic leadership training to nurture the specialists who can educate students with a forward looking attitude. Third, as to the need for TKHRD, the target was limited to the instructors at special places, the Taekwondo gym. Under the program, it is required to educate the instructors what will be applicable to the field by limiting the qualification of the Taekwondo gym instructors and issuing certificates as if issuing the widely-known license of Taekwondo instructors, and connect the education at the level of lifelong education based on continuous follow-up education.


The geometric and electronic structures of a single FeAs layer doped with electrons or holes have been studied from first principles. The distance between a Fe atom and an As atom in the $z$ direction changes almost linearly with the doping level. The lowest energy is obtained at the doping level of 0.4 electron per cell. The ground states of all the doped systems are metallic. The antiferromagnetic ordering is preferred with an energy $\sim$0.1 eV lower than that of ferromagnetic ordering. With the on-site Coulomb repulsion term $U$ considered, DOS at the fermi level also changes almost linearly with the doping level.


Normal LNC from B10 mice were sensitized in vitro by 6-day cultivation on layers of irradiated syngeneic sarcoma cells. The effect of the generated cytotoxic lymphocytes was then inhibited by the admixture of suppressor cells present in the lymph nodes of tumour-bearing mice. The suppressor cell activity was not abrogated after treatment with anti-T serum + complement.


The inclusive green growth (IGG) model is an important tool to promote the construction of an urban ecological civilization and promote sustainable and green development, but China's related research is still in its infancy. Targeting the problem of cross-regional research on technology set differences, this study proposes a method of combining the super-efficiency slack-based measure model and the Metafrontier Malmquist–Luenberger index to measure the IGG of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), and analyzes their convergence. Earlier research showed that, under the metafrontier, the upstream cities in the YREB have the highest level of technological efficiency, followed by the downstream and the midstream cities, while the midstream cities of the group frontier have the highest technological efficiency. The main source of China's IGG is technological progress. The YREB has obvious σ-convergence characteristics overall and in the downstream cities, and absolute β-convergence characteristics both overall and in three basins. This research has significance as a reference for the gradual improvement of the IGG of cities in the YREB, and ultimately their overall coordinated development.


Technology is a double-edged sword; the development and application of communication technologies have not only made great contributions to human beings and promoted the development of language, but also brought a rapid spread of language violence that caused great impact on people's lives. With the innovation of Internet technology, this form of language has developed rapidly in the dissemination of Internet media. At present, network language does not meet the requirements of language grammar, so there is a lack of teaching significance. Arabic and Chinese are subordinate to different language families with different network words. A prospective analysis has been performed between Arabic and Chinese network words which is mainly based on the influence of chivalrous network language on society and language. The research was based on 110 questionnaires distributed on social networking sites, and 40 interviews conducted with network users from china and some Arab countries. The findings suggested participants to use network language because, it is the language of their peers, it is cool and stylish, they have difficulties with the Arabic and Chinese language, and network constitutes a secret code, allowing escape from judgements of the older generation. The study concludes that network language is a strong marker of youth identity and group solidarity. Through a comparative analysis of Arabic and Chinese Internet words, Arabic or Chinese learners can clearly understand the similarities and differences between the two network words, and reduce the barriers to Internet communication, and appropriately use Chinese and Arabic Internet words.


The objective of the current study was to assess the relative agility T-test as a measure of change of direction speed and establish normative data specifically for children aged 10-11. A sample of 350 boys and 220 girls within the specified age range, with no medical history of disease, was randomly recruited from various schools. The mean and standard deviation, as well as the range of values, were determined for several variables including age, body mass, height, and BMI for both boys (n=350, age=10.83±0.38 years, body mass=34.42±5.61 kg, height=1.44±0.06 m, BMI=16.59±2.13 kg/m²) and girls (n=220, age=10.79±0.41 years, body mass=34.85±6.36 kg, height=1.44±0.07 m, BMI=16.61±2.15 kg/m²). The T-test, along with the FCMJ and 30mSS tests, were performed at least three times with a three-minute recovery period between trials and a five-minute recovery period between tests. Test-retest reliability of the T-test was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which yielded values of 0.95 for girls and 0.97 for boys. Significant correlations were observed between the T-test and FCMJ as well as the 30mSS for girls (r=-0.384, p<0.0001 and r=0.416, p<0.0001, respectively) and for boys (r=-0.344, p<0.0001 and r=0.440, p<0.0001, respectively). The study provides percentile values that can be utilized to monitor the physical fitness levels of both girls and boys.


We explore the structural, electronic, photoluminescent, metallic, and semiconducting characteristics of 2D pure Zn-metal nanoplates. The 2D pure Zn-metal nanoplates are synthesized by the hot-filament metal-oxide vapor deposition (HFMOVD) technique. They have an average diameter and thickness of ∼520 and ∼144 nm, respectively. The results of the electronic and crystalline structure studies reveal the 2D nanoplates to be pure Zn hexagonal crystals, which can provide a wide-range photoluminescence from ultraviolet (UV) to red light emissions at room temperature. The measured valence-band and the calculated band-structure of the 2D pure Zn-metal nanoplates verify that the UV and blue light arise from the 3d–sp interband transitions, while the green, yellow, and red lights come from the valence-conduction interband transitions at a bandgap that is only present in the 2D nanoplates. Therefore, the 2D pure Zn-metal nanoplates possess not only metallic, but also semiconducting characteristics.


This paper presents an open-source embedded software framework called C-ATOM. It provides tools for planning software architecture, implementing functions, and deploying distributed real-time embedded software systems. The idea of the framework is to create a set of domain-specific notations and their interpreters to have these notations as formal requirements descriptions and at the same time have these notations as functions configuration computable in real-time after initialization. Notations orchestrate conventionally programmed well-defined functions, by integrating them inside a software system. This way developers have the advantages of a model-based design approach and the efficiency of conventionally programmed functions.


Background and Objectives  Human platelet antigen (HPA) genotyping is a valuable tool for typing platelets to assist in the management of alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients. We describe, for the first time, 5′ nuclease assays (NA) to genotype HPA‐5 and ‐15, and improved 5′‐NA to genotype HPA‐1, ‐2 and ‐3, by utilizing minor groove binder (MGB) and non‐fluorescent quencher (NFQ) technology. Superior probe specificity and fluorescent performance is attained through MGB‐NFQ probe modifications compared with previous 5′‐NA designs.


This chapter examines the experience of Russia's cities in the implementation of smart solutions. Previous theoretical and empirical studies cover a variety of dimensions, involved in the concept of a smart city, and practical issues concerning technologies, urban management, business models which improve urban residents' quality of life through digital technologies, artificial intellect under the conditions of creating appropriate infrastructure. In this chapter, we present the results of the analysis of some significant information about smart solutions deployed in Russian cities nowadays. We show how smart solutions get allocated among Russian cities and among different domains of this kind of solutions. Unlike most of other countries, smart solutions in Russia are less concentrated in such domains such as sustainable development or transport. Instead, a large number of relevant projects in Russia are concentrated in the field of informatization of urban life and energy efficiency. This feature is associated with budget centralization, the implementation of national programs by the Russian Federal Government. Consequently, in general, the Russian model of a smart city is less focused on demand, but to a greater extent it can be classified as supply-driven.


This Note discusses how the Court has reaffirmed and strengthened its qualified immunity precedents to a new level, transforming the doctrine of qualified immunity into absolute immunity for police officers in Mullenix. Consequently, the decision encourages a detrimental "shoot first, think never" mentality for officers in the field. Part II provides a detailed recitation of the case. Part III then presents a brief history of the cases leading up to Mullenix. Part IV details this Note's criticism of the Mullenix decision. Part IV then predicts how the transformed doctrine will affect police behavior moving forward and provides a potential remedy to avoid the bleak outlook. Lastly, Part V concludes the Note with a warning that unreasonable police behavior will be on the rise and the Court will likely maintain its overly protective position.


This work investigated the photoluminescence characteristics of TiO2 and discussed the relationship between the photoluminescence features of TiO2 and the photoassisted reaction of water/methanol mixture. It is found that anatase TiO2 displays a visible luminescence band centered at about 505 nm and rutile TiO2 mainly shows a near-infrared luminescence band centered at about 835 nm, which are respectively ascribed to the oxygen vacancies in anatase TiO2 and the intrinsic defects in rutile TiO2. The visible luminescence band is easily quenched by the Pt deposited on the surface of TiO2, while the near-infrared luminescence band is hardly influenced by the deposited Pt. It is suggested that the excited electrons trapped in the oxygen vacancies of anatase are facilely transferred to Pt to contribute to the photoassisted reaction, but the electrons trapped in the intrinsic defects of rutile are not.


AbstractUtilization of computerized project management scheduling systems to plan, monitor and manage the drug development process has become an accepted practice among the majority of pharmaceutical companies. This article discusses a specific application of project management scheduling capabilities within clinical investigation. the concepts are used to monitor individual patients or alternatively to track monthly patient entry numbers within pivotal Phase 111 studies. Report flexibility allows for generating documents for investigator site visits. summarizing patient numbers based on protocol design and projecting available patient numbers for interim statistical analyses.


Background: The development of classification methods for personalized medicine is highly dependent on the identification of predictive genetic markers. In survival analysis, it is often necessary to discriminate between influential and noninfluential markers. It is common to perform univariate screening using Cox scores, which quantify the associations between survival and each of the markers to provide a ranking. Since Cox scores do not account for dependencies between the markers, their use is suboptimal in the presence of highly correlated markers.


The effect of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on the humic-acid passivation layer on pyrite surfaces was studied by atomic-force microscopy, leaching experiments, and adsorption experiments. Atomic-force-microscopy results showed that humic-acid was adsorbed onto the pyrite surface. The bacteria grew and reproduced on the humic-acid layer. Leaching experiments showed that the humic-acid passivation layer prevented the oxidation of pyrite by Fe3+ under aseptic conditions. Bacteria destroyed the humic-acid layer, promoted pyrite oxidation, and increased the oxidation of pyrite from 1.64% to 67.9%. Bacterial adsorption experiments showed that the humic-acid passivation layer decreased the speed of bacterial adsorption on the pyrite surface but had no effect on the number of bacteria adsorbed on the pyrite surface. The maximum number of bacteria adsorbed by pyrite with and without the humic-acid layer was 4.17 × 1010 cells∙mL−1 and 4.4 × 1010 cells∙mL−1, respectively. Extracellular polymeric stratum layer of bacteria cultured at different concentrations of humic-acid was extracted and analyzed. This layer could destroy the humic-acid layer and promote pyrite oxidation.


Iron is the most problematic element in recycled aluminum alloys. Significant decrease of mechanical properties of alloy was observed if the iron content is relatively high. There is neither economical method nor technological process allowing to remove the iron from alloy or at the least to reduce the iron content in the aluminum alloys significantly. The influence of thermal history on microstructure of alloy was studied in this work. Sequential transformation of intermediate phases with plate-like morphology into a more compact - polyhedral phases takes place during the annealing between solidus and liquidus temperatures. These phases have a tendency to settle to the bottom of the crucible. Significant decrease of the iron content in alloy above the sediment was achieved. The influence of annealing temperature between the solidus and liquidus on the microstructure of alloy and chemical composition of present intermediate phases was studied.


The authors survey concurrent logic languages, which expand Prolog by dropping its built-in sequential search order. These languages make parallelism easy by avoiding the low-level constructs that result from a too direct translation of machine hardware into programmer's language. >


Phronesis is a software tool for the creation and administration of digital libraries that can be geographically distributed and that are accessible over the WWW. Phronesis was developed by using open source software with the intention to make the project accessible to other developers, who can improve its functionality. However, one of the major drawbacks in Phronesis was its data centric architecture and the highly coupled subsystems which made hard to maintain or to add new functionality. This paper addresses the problems with the old data centric Phronesis architecture. Throughout the paper we discuss the functionality provided by the subsystems, and present a loosely coupled architecture for digital libraries. The approach presented here follows the style of services oriented architectures (SOA). The SOA for Phronesis is a framework that provides services for the submission, indexing and compression of documents. Phronesis SOA is organized into layers of functionality that favour maintenance, reuse, and testing of the entire project. Also the SOA increases Phronesis performance and availability..


The vacuum current associated with any type of electron emission for arbitrary configuration of the diode depends on the combination of the applied electric field and vacuum space charge (VSC) field created by the current. Such fundamental statement should give very close links between the diode current and the normalized cathode field θ which has been introduced by Forbes in 2008 for planar diodes as a reduction in the cathode surface field: θ = field-with/field-without VSC. This article reports the universal approximation of the type of cos(πθ/2) that is the ratio of the actual current and the fully space-charge-limited current. Also, the theoretical treatment and the experimental method of determination of the dynamic emissive characteristics of the macroscopic explosive emission from edge-type cathodes in the coaxial diode are developed. The experimental results obtained with a picosecond time reference between the cathode voltage and the onset of the high-current electron beam exhibit a good coincide...


The purpose of the present study is to observe the effect of aging on life fitness in Japanese. Life fitness consists of such parameters as body composition, joint torque (JT), leg extension power (LP) and run power (RP). Subjects were 719 males and 859 females, from 20 to 80yrs old. The •g aged•h groups (over 70 years) indicated a higher percentage of body fat, compared to the younger groups. The subcutaneous fat thickness at the arms and legs measured by ultrasonography, was independent of age, while that at the abdomen and back was higher among aged groups. It is therefore considered that the higher percentage body fat observed in the aged groups is due mainly to accumulated subcutaneous fat at the abdomen and back. Muscle volume (MV) at the upper extremity indicated no significant difference among age groups; while that at the lower extremity (especially knee extensor muscle) was significantly lower in the aged groups compared to the younger groups. The ratio of JT to MV, considered as the index of specific tension, was lower for the aged groups than younger groups. Mechanical power performed during ergometer running and leg extension power were significantly lower for the aged groups. It is concluded that aged peoples due to low muscle volume of the knee extensor, experience deterioration in leg extension power, resulting in lower mechanical power for runnine. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 2003, 52 Suppl : 9-16 key word:生 活 フ ィ ッ トネ ス,加 齢 筋や神経など身体を構成する諸器官の発揮機能 は加齢に伴い低下する.し か しながら,適 切な身 体運動によって筋 ・神経系の発揮機能を維持ある いは向上 させることが可能であり,反 対に身体不 活動はそれらの機能のさらなる低下を引 き起 こ す.一 般に日常生活における身体運動量は加齢に 伴い減少する傾向にあるので,身 体の各器官や組 織は加齢とともに運動不足の影響が加わり加速度 的にその機能の低下を招 くことになる.筋 機能の 低下は姿勢の悪化,腰 痛,骨 粗鬆症などの各疾患 を誘発 し,「寝たきり老人」などの現象を引 き起 こす. この様な社会現象を考えるうえで,高 齢者が健 康で活動的である様にする対策を考えることは緊 急 且 つ重 要 な研 究 テ ー マ で あ ろ う.そ の 為 に は, 日常 生 活 を遂 行 す る た め に必 要 な 身 体 適 性(本 論 文 で は 「生 活 フ ィッ トネ ス」 と定 義 す る)を 定 量 す る と と もに 「生 活 フ ィッ トネ ス」 の加 齢 変 化 を 明 らか に しな け れ ば な らな い.体 力 デ ー タの加 齢 変 化 に関 す る論 文 は 数 多 く報告 され て い るが,同 じ被 験 者 に対 して 総 合 的 に測 定 した報 告 は 多 くは な い.我 々 の 研 究 チ ー ム で は 「生 活 フ ィ ッ トネ ス」 を構 成 す る 主 因.子と して 身 体 組 成(皮 下 脂 肪 厚,筋 量,骨 強 度),関 節 トル ク,動 作 パ ワ ー 及 び走 パ ワ ー を と りあ げ,首 都 圏 在 住 の20歳 か ら80 歳 まで の男 女1578名(男719名,女859名)を 対 象 に 測 定 して きた.本 研 究 で は これ まで に測 定 して き た これ らの デ ー タを年 齢 別 に比 較 し,「生 活 フ イ ッ 早 稲 田 大 学 ス ポ ー ツ 科 学 部Department of Sports Science,Waseda University 2-579-15,Mikajima, 〒000-0000埼 玉 県 所 沢 市 三 ヶ 島2-579-15Tokorozawa Japan


Globalization in economic field has resulted in controlled free competition, which means competition under WTO (World Trade Organization) regulations, including in telecommunications sector. One of the ways that a company can do to fill the capital needs is by offering shares to public (go public). Earnings response coefficient as a way to identifying and describing the different market reactions to earnings information. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, activity ratio, profitability ratio, growth opportunities, and firm size. In addition, this study also examines the effect of each variable of liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, activity ratio, profitability ratio, growth opportunities, and firm size of the earnings response coefficient either simultaneously or partially. This study use quantitative methods and descriptive verification research. population in this study are telecommunications companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2011-2017. The sampling technique use purposive sampling method. Data analysis techniques performed by the data panel regression analysis using a common effect model, and hypotheses were tested using the F test and t test with a significance of 5%. The results show simultanously variable liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, profitability ratio, growth opportunities and firm size didn't have significant effect on earning response coefficient. The result of coefficient determination shows that dependent variable can be explained by independent variables of 12,14%. Partially, liquidity ratio, growth opportunities, and firm size have significant effect on earning response coefficient. While variable leverage ratio dan profitability ratio didn't have significant effect on earning response coefficient. Keywords: liquidity ratio; leverage ratio; activity ratio; profitability ratio; growth opportunities; firm size; earning response coefficient


Introduction:
 Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is an active and complex disorder, which involves atherosclerotic-like processes. However, previous studies reported that the association between atherosclerotic risk factors and AS progression appears to be stronger in younger middle-aged patients compared to elderly ones.

 Hypothesis:
 Apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I (apoB/apoA-I) ratio reflects the balance between proatherogenic versus antiatherogenic lipid profile. The objective of this study was to examine the association between apoB/apoA-I ratio and progression of AS according to patient's age.

 Methods:
 One hundred sixty five patients with AS were prospectively recruited in the PROGRESSA study. AS progression was assessed by increase in peak aortic jet velocity (Vpeak) measured by Doppler echocardiography between baseline and 2-year follow-up. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma levels of apoB and apoA-I.

 Results:
 The mean age was 66±13 years and 72% were male. During the 2-year follow-up, AS progression was similar in younger patients (age <69 y.o. [median age for the whole cohort]; n=82) and older patients (Vpeak: +0.24±0.04 vs +0.25±0.03 m/s; p=0.82). There was a significant interaction (p<0.01) between patient's age and baseline apoB/apoA-I ratio for AS progression. Younger patients with high baseline apoB/apoA-I ratio (i.e. apoB/apoA-I ≥0.53; n=41) had faster AS progression compared to those with lower apoB/apoA-I ratio (Vpeak: +0.32±0.06 vs +0.16±0.04 m/s; p=0.03). In older patients, there was no significant association between apoB/apoA-I ratio and AS progression (Vpeak: +0.23±0.05 vs +0.27±0.04 m/s; p=0.55). After adjustment for sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, creatinine level, degree of aortic valve calcification and baseline Vpeak, higher apoB/apoA-I ratio remained independently associated with faster progression of AS in younger patients (p=0.003).

 Conclusions:
 This prospective study shows for the first time that higher apoB/apoA-I ratio is a powerful and independent predictor of faster AS progression in younger patients. These findings suggest that the pathological processes involved in the progression of AS are different in younger versus older patients.


Objective To observe the effects of paclitaxel,mitomycin,5-FU and cisplatin on the proliferation of tongue carcinoma cells and to guide the reasonable using of chemotherapeutic drugs and avoids the side-effects.Methods The fresh tongue carcinoma tissues from surgery were collected and unicellular suspension were prepared.Then paclitaxel,mitomycin,5-FU and cisplatin were used to investigate the drug sensitivity on primary tongue carcinoma cells and a blank control group was set up.The inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on the growth of tongue carcinoma cells and the cell cycle phases were observed by MTT colorimetry and flow cytometry.Results The inhibitory rates of paclitaxel,mitomycin and 5-FU on tongue carcinoma cell proliferation were 45.3%,37.3%,and 36.2%,respectively,and in control group it was 2.1%,the difference was significant(P0.01).But there was no significant different of inhibitory rate between cisplatin and control group.The results of flow cytometry showed that the amount of cells increased in G_0/G_1 phase,decreased in S phase and relatively increased in G_2/M phase after using paclitaxel,mitomycin and 5-FU compared with control group(P0.01). (Conclusion Paclitaxel),mitomycin and 5-FU can inhibit the growth of tongue carcinoma cells distinctively and should be considered prior to other drugs.


The operation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) at low temperatures (≤−20 °C) is limited by reduced ionic transport properties of the electrolyte, as well as by severe charge-transfer polarization. H...


This paper mainly introduces the compulsory verification of electronic balances, the calibration of its measurement results, the evaluation method of uncertainty and its application in different fields.


Abstract This essay argues that Saul's encounter with the medium was located by the author at Endor because of the place's proximity to Mount Tabor. In addition to allusions to Tabor's sanctity in the Hebrew Bible, the etymology of »Tabor,« the Phoenician History, and the Rhodian cult of Zeus Atabyrios are marshalled in support of this argument.


Breeding Buzzards were censused, and density and nest dispersion studied, over 8 years in two adjoining and contrasting regions. The Snowdonia mountains (926 km2) held 96 Buzzard territories at a mean density of 9.7 km2 per pair, with a mean nearest-neighbour distance between nests of 1.95 km. On the moors and enclosed sheep farms of Migneint-Hiraethog (440 km2), Buzzards bred at significantly higher density: 62 territories, 7.1 km2¸ per pair, 1.53 km between nests. Nests were spaced regularly in both regions, presumably reflecting the birds' overt aggressiveness towards their neighbours. Territory sizes were smallest on lower, more wooded hill farms and largest on higher mountain blocks. Local differences in density can be explained partly by habitat and physical features, though food resources are likely to be the main cause.


In this study, various leaves and stem organic extracts were prepared using the solvents viz., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water, separately. Different phytochemical test for alkaloids, carbohydrates, oils, amino acids and others were performed to determine their presence in the extracts. These plant extracts were used for screening of sample via UV and HPLC techniques to compare the wavelength and absorbance, and retention time on chromatogram by extracts, respectively. The surface properties and size of nickel-zinc nano ferrites were evaluated by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The former, showed the presence of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) weighing 4.27⁒ of N ,6.89⁒ of C and 35.5⁒ of O in the sample which confirmed the presence of nano ferrites in leaves and stem of C. buchanani.


This project provides a practical approach to the development of program guides which serve as the main resources for selected health education sessions within a workplace wellness program. Five guides have been developed which strive to meet a number of needs identified within this relatively new field of education. The goal of this project is to provide material which is comprehensive and user friendly for the educator/facilitator, while ensuring a product which meets the high expectations of organizations in terms of efficiency and effectiveness in affecting employee health behaviors. -- The guides provide the facilitator with material and resources needed to deliver quality education sessions. Activities are included to promote active involvement on the part of the learner, in keeping with a transactional approach to learning. These guides may be used within any number of settings within the workplace, and provide a foundation for the development of guides which cover other health related topics.


In this research, it was designs the arm press for wear testing using rotating of grinding and wear testing mechanism of stainless steel 304. The surface specimen for sliding wear test was prepared under the condition of ASTM G99-04 (2014) standard. The characteristics of the arm set, the weight and the test plate were separated that loading was aligned with the head with the perpendicular moving direction. The stainless steel was examined by the wear testing with the rotating disc 80 and 160 rpm and different leading 200, 400 and 600 g, distance test 600 m. The test results showed that the test specimen had a constant radius of wear track. The wear rate result from slope of the graph of linear relationship between volume loss and distances. It increased with test loading weight and rotational speed of the rotating of disc. The physical of width wear track should be growth with distance test. The wear rate is highest wear rate at testing distanced 600 m, 8.97´10 -4 and 19.00´10 -4 m/mm 3 for speed of rotary plates was 80 and 160 rpm, respectively. The microstructure and wear mechanism were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the wear of stainless steel appeared the plastic deformation, scaring and particles pull out on wear track. This phenomena was corresponds to the wear behavior of stainless steel. It can be concluded that the pin-on-disc wear test arm can be used to test wear of stainless steel 304. Keywords : wear, pin-on-disk, stainless steel


There are the limited factors of maximal oxygen uptake:the oxygen transport system called as the central factor;the skeletal muscle system called as the peripheral factor.It is demonstrated that the limited factor is different as the exercise is.At the whole body being in maximally intense exercise,the lung and the heart are the main factors,while the oxygen diffusion and the mitochondrial content are more important at the isolated skeletal muscle being trained.The mitochondrial content and the oxygen transport capability can be both explained as the limited factors as different animal species.


The electroplating cubic boron nitride (CBN) external gearhoning-tool is the main finishing machining tool of six to seven grade hardened gears with medium module. In the process of electroplating CBN for this gear-honing-tool, generating point discharge effect due to its metal matrix is resulted in decreasing quality of electroplated coating. That is the main factor of affecting precision and life of gear-honing-tool. In this work, positions of generating point discharge effect and affecting degree of quality of electroplated coating were analyzed on the matrix surface of gear-honing-tool. And it is the advancement method that was developed a pair of aided gears which control or eliminate tooth form error generated by point discharge effect. It was shown in experimental tests that the current density of addendum and tooth surface of CBN gear-honing-tool trended to equality by using aided gear, and the positions of point discharge effect were effectively controlled. So quality and thickness of metal electroplated coating on the addendum and tooth surface trended to uniformity. The tooth form precision of CBN gearhoning-tool was obviously improved. It is beneficial to prolonging the life of gear-honing-tool. (5 pages)


This study presents an acoustic analysis of narrow focus (early focus) and broad focus, each in emphatic context (tune) in Thai, with the goal of providing a basic characterization of their prosody. To investigate prosodic realizations, target words from each of the 5 lexical tones in Thai were placed in subject positions of sentences with SVO structure. Each target word was placed in a sentence in which each syllable contained the same lexical tone as that of the target word. Preliminary results show that F0 measures, especially F0 maximum, minimum, and range, differed between focus types. In particular, narrow focused words were distinguished from non-narrow focused by higher F0 maximum, minimum, and range, while post-focal words contained lower F0 measures. Syllable duration also played a role in signaling narrow focus: focal words in narrow focus sentences were significantly longer than their non-focal counterparts in broad focus sentences. Interestingly, a pitch reset seemed to occur after focused wo...


Lacquer thinner is commonly used for removing household paints & contains halogenated hydrocarbons and naphta. It may lead to methemoglobinemia if ingested. We report a 16 years old boy who reported in the emergency with a history of accidental ingestion of paint thinner and was diagnosed to be having methemoglobinemia. He was treated with methylene blue and supportive therapy and was discharged in stable condition.


Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is a novel technique for assessing and reconditioning transplant kidneys. 1 NMP involves recir-culating a red cell-based perfusate through the kidney at near physio-logical conditions. 1 – 3 The NMP arterial cannula has previously been secured with a ligature at the origin of the renal artery. This damages the aortic patch, which must be excised prior to transplantation. We describe a novel clamp used to preserve the aortic Carrel patch.


Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa was written by Govind Sen, son of Krishna Vallabh Sen. Vidyotini Hindi Tika was written by Indradev Tripathi. The book Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa consists of almost all references collected from various Samhitas regarding the fundamental principles and different Ayurvedic herbal pharmaceutical preparations and descriptions on Panchakarma. The whole content of the book is divided into 4 Khandas. Prathama khanda deals with Mana paribhasha, Dravya samgrahana vidhi, and shelf life of different Kalpana etc. Dwitiya khanda deals with Panchavidha kashaya kalpana and its Upakalpana and dose. Tritiya khanda deals with Sneha kalpana, Sandhana kalpana and Paribhasha of different Gana. Chaturtha khanda deals with Panchakarma procedures and Sneha murchana. The present book review mainly focuses to highlight the framework of Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa, provides information about the author, details of 4 Khandas, a special contribution to the field of pharmaceutical science by the author. Thus, Vaidyaka Paribhasha Pradipa, the compilation book on Bhaishajya Kalpana is a very essential and mandatory book for those who aspire to gain basic, clear, and thorough knowledge in Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals. It is one of the indispensable reference books. The present book is designed to help the young practitioners who prepare medicines and graduates and post-graduate scholars get a clear idea of medicine preparation.


Abstract Distance education is a learner-centered system of education. The librarians engage in developing and delivery of services in distance education relevant to both content and process. Librarians need to recognize the role of modern information technologies as learning resources in students' learning pursuits. This represents a major shift from a conventional model of the library-centered didactic style to a more learner-centered and task-based facilitating style. This change needs effective training of the professionals engaged in distance librari-anship. The paper analyzes the present day role of librarians in distance education in India; discusses the rationale for the training of librarians involved in distance education; and finds out the areas of training, and methods and strategies that are to be adopted in the distance education institutions in the country.


One of the great literary curiosities in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1520s was the heated debate about a deluge which astrologers prophesied for February 1524, when a major planetary conjunction was to occur in the sign of Pisces, the fish, a particularly watery sign. The prophecy began its troubled life in 1488, was freshened up again in 1508, causing a flurry of debate around 1512, until the full controversy broke out in the early 1520s. It was a publisher's dream: it encompassed disputes about the validity of astrology, anticlericalism, the emergent evangelical movements, social discontent, even rebellion, the advent of great reforming prophets, and the possible end of the world. The prophecies were discussed largely in popular pamphlets which were either heavily illustrated with striking woodcuts or at least supplied with an illustrated titlepage, so targeting the popular market. The deluge prophecy has attracted the attention of scholars for over a century now one famous analysis from 1864 even claimed that it had precipitated the German Peasants' War but there have been few systematic attempts to engage with all its intricacies, in part because of the difficulty of mastering the astrological literature.


Development of equipment for storage of liquid helium is discussed. Derivation of design curve and working equations for estimating effects of either perfect or imperfect heat transfer in storage device are described. Mathematical models of heat transfer conditions are provided.


The lysergic acid ring system, characteristic of the ergot alkaloids, is constructed from 2-bromoaniline derivatives by triple radical cyclisation, initiated with tri-n-butyltin hydride; formation of a 6- rather than a 5-membered D ring is controlled by a terminal phenylthio group.


The correlations between parameters of slow component in PbWO 4 (PWO) scintillation, afterglow and presence of different traps centers has been investigated. Obtained correlations are based on the comparison of scintillation and Termo Stimulated Luminescence (TSL) data obtained from crystals grown from the different raw materials with variation of growth conditions. Correlations, slow component, crystallization number, PWO samples, Termo Stimulated Luminescence.


A novel method for a novel type of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate is proposed with high enhancement and strong sensitivity advantages. It is based on nanoscale Au film nanocracks coated on polydimmethyl siloxane (PDMS) substrate which forms gold/ polydimethylsiloxane (Au/PDMS) nanocomposites. The width of the coated nanocracks ranges from 10 nm to 45 nm by self-assembled. It is concluded that the ratio of main agent to firming agent of PDMS at 9:1 is optimum value for SERS due to its complicate texture of cracks. An enhancement factor (EF) as high as 3.14 * 108 is achieved for 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid molecules adsorbed on the Au/PDMS nanocomposite substrates.


Analysis of electromagnetic fluctuations in plasma provides relevant information about the plasma state and its macroscopic properties. In particular, the solar wind persistently sustains a small but detectable level of magnetic fluctuation power even near thermal equilibrium. These fluctuations may be related to spontaneous electromagnetic fluctuations arising from the discreteness of charged particles. Here, we derive general expressions for the plasma fluctuations in a multi-species plasma following arbitrary distribution functions. This formalism, which generalizes and includes previous works on the subject, is then applied to the generation of electromagnetic fluctuations propagating along a background magnetic field in a plasma of two proton populations described by drifting bi-Maxwellians.


Objective: To understand drug resistance of 12 kinds antibiotics from ESBLs positive and ESBLs negative of Ent.cloacae,so as to use antibiotics resonably in clinic. Methods: To identifyby using biomerieux VITEK-32 automatic micoorganism analyzer system , ESBLs was tested by agar diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: ESBLs positive strains have higher resistance rate than ESBLs negative strains on use cephalosporin((P0.01).Imipenem resistance has not been found from Ent cloacae.ciprofloxacin and amikacin have a low drug resistance,there were no significant difference between ESBLs positive and ESBLs positive (P0.05). Conclusions: Attention should be paid to ESBLs and drug sensitivity test of Ent cloacae,and use antibiotics accordingly.


Practical methods of recognizing and analyzing problem well symptoms are presented. The required data and their use, as well as a well checklist that assists the engineer in analyzing well performance are discussed. The objectives of well analysis are to maximize producing rates and recovery within allowable, economic and/or reservoir restraints. Based on experience gained from beam pumped oil wells in W. Texas waterflood projects, well analysis as presented can be applied to oil wells produced by other means of lift and reservoir drive mechanisms.


Although industry 4.0 has gained increased attention in the industry, academic, and governmental fields, there is a lack of information about the relationship between this digital transformation and sustainable development. This work explores the concept of sustainability applied in industry 4.0 and the main advantages that this revolution incorporates into society. To this end, a conscientiously documented investigation was conducted by reviewing actual case studies or scenarios where sustainability was applied in different manufacturing industries, enterprises, or research fields worldwide. A critical and descriptive analysis of the information was performed to identify the main tools and procedures that can be implemented in the industry to address the triple bottom line perspective of industry 4.0, and the results are presented in this document. From the analysis, it was observed that currently, I4.0 has been mainly adopted to improve efficiency and cost reduction in manufacturing companies. However, since only a few enterprises embrace the social paradigm of I4.0, a significant gap in understanding and unbalance is visualized. Therefore, we conclude that there is a lack of information on social benefits and the barriers that must be overcome from the social perspective. On the other hand, this work highlights the importance of adopting industry 4.0 as a positive way to improve the performance of emerging technologies, such as fuel cells, solar cells, and wind turbines, while producing products or services with high efficiency and profitability incomes. For practitioners, this work can provide insightful information about the real implications of I4.0 from a sustainability perspective in our daily life and the possible strategies to improve sustainable development.


Crystallization experiments of sucrose were performed in a batch crystallizer to study the effect of temperature and growth rate history on the crystal growth kinetics. In one of the growth methods adopted, the isothermal volumetric growth rate (RV) is determined as a function of supersaturation (S) at 35, 40 and 45 ºC. In the other, crystals are allowed to grow at constant supersaturation by automatically controlling the solution temperature as the solute concentration decreased. Using the latter method RV is calculated as the solution is cooled. The obtained results are interpreted using empirical, engineering and fundamental perspectives of crystal growth. Firstly, the overall activation energy (EA) is determined from the empirical growth constants obtained in the isothermal method. The concept of falsified kinetics, widely used in chemical reaction engineering, is then extended to the crystal growth of sucrose in order to estimate the true activation energy (ET) from the diffusion‐affected constant, EA. The differences found in the isothermal and constant supersaturation methods are explained from the viewpoint of the spiral nucleation mechanism, taking into account different crystal surface properties caused by the growth rate history in each method. Finally, the crystal growth curve obtained in the batch crystallizer at 40 ºC is compared with the one obtained in a fluidized bed crystallizer at the same temperature. Apparently divergent results are explained by the effects of crystal size, hydrodynamic conditions and growth rate history on the crystallization kinetics of sucrose. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A b s t r a c t. The Siah Mahi, Capoeta capoeta gracilis, is a widely distributed taxon in the south Caspian Sea basin (north of Iran) that has not yet been surveyed at the intra-specific level. Besides its ecological significance, this species is important for inland water fishing, aquaculture, sport fishing and zoogeographical studies. Here, we describe patterns of morphological and molecular differentiation among six populations of C. c. gracilis located in the Aras, Sefidrud, Shirud, Tonekabon, Haraz and Gorganrud river systems in Iran. Univariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences between means of the six samples for 56 out of 60 morphometric ratios. The first two ordination axes of the mean ratios of the six samples (59.11% of total variation) separated all of the samples from each other, although not necessarily with any clear geographic pattern. The overall assignment of individuals into their original groups was high (88.6%). The proportion of individuals correctly classified into their original groups was 92.5%, 78.9%, 96%, 89.7%, 93.3% and 83.3% for Aras, Gorganrud, Sefidrud, Shirud, Tonekabon and Haraz, respectively. Molecular clustering also grouped individuals of each sample either in the same cluster or the same sub-cluster. There was a large-scale congruence between results of the morphological and molecular analyses.


Abstract Self-harm is a frequent pathology amongst psychiatric patients and in the penitentiary environment. Multiple self-aggression types are described, but, by far, the practice most frequently met inside the Romanian penitentiary environment is foreign body (FB) ingestion. The paper aims to show aspects pertaining to the presence of intraduodenal foreign bodies, both in simple cases and in cases that ended with a perforation, using a number of 47 cases registered between 2003 and 2010 in "Rahova" Penitentiary Hospital. The paper also focused on particular aspects linked to intraduodenal foreign body surgical accessibility. Abbreviations: FB=foreign bodies; OR=operating room; GEA=gastroenteroanastomosis


Platform markets involve indirect network effects as two or more sides of a market interact through an intermediary platform. Many platform markets consist of both a platform device and corresponding software. In such markets, new software introductions influence incumbent software sales, and new entrants may directly cannibalize incumbents. However, entrants may also create an indirect halo impact by attracting new platform adopters, who then purchase incumbent software. To measure performance holistically, this article introduces a method to quantify both indirect and direct paths and determine which effect dominates and when. The authors identify relevant moderators from the sensations–familiarity framework and conduct empirical tests with data from the video game industry (1995–2019). Results show that the direct impact often results in cannibalization, which generally increases when the entrant is a superstar or part of a franchise. For the indirect halo impact, superstar entrants significantly increase platform adoption, which can help all incumbents. Combining the direct and indirect impacts, the authors find that only new software that is both a superstar and part of a franchise increases platform adoption sufficiently to overcome direct cannibalization and achieve a net positive effect on incumbent software; all other types of entrants have a neutral or negative overall effect.


HM. A mesphometric study on small nerves in metachromatic leucodystrophy. Although brain tumors constitute the second largest group of tumors in children, they are extremely uncommon in the neo-698 and steroid sulfatases in a form of meta-chromatic leucodystrophy associated with multiple sulfatase deficiency. In: Sphingo-lipids, Spingolipidoses and Applied Disorders. A variant form of meta-chromatic leucodystrophy without aryl-sulphatase deficiency. natal period and account for about 1% of all childhood brain tumors(l). Moreover, a difference in the pattern of disease from that seen in older children is observed which includes a high incidence of tera-tomas and a predominance of tumors in supratentorial sites(2). A case of supratentorial neoplasm in a neonate of the nature of a "Primary Cerebral Neuroblastoma" is described. The tumor in itself is rare and this is probably the first case in literature with presentation at birth and which was diagnosed antenatally. A 30-year-old primi gravida with seven months amenorrhea was referred for an ul-trasound report suggestive of congenital hydrocephalus in the fetus. The patient was examined in the antenatal clinic and referred to the radiologist for a repeat ultrasonography (USG). Repeat USG confirmed the diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus and also sug