Acetabulum (acetum - vinegar, abulum - saucer or cup) is a bony component of hip bone. Anatomical, evolutionary, Anthropological, Histopathological, Forensic, Orthopedic and Radiological significance of Acetabulum were analysed and the dissertation plot was designed based on the acetabulum.
In 100 dry hip bones, the acetabular diameter, acetabular depth, capacity of acetabulum and types of anterior acetabular ridge were observed. On statistical analysis ,there was significant difference observed in the morphometric parameters when it is based on gender , there was no significance when based on sides.
In 30 cadaveric hip bones the acetabular diameter, acetabular depth and capacity of the acetabulum were analysed.There was significant difference observed in the morphometric parameters when it is based on gender, there was no significance when based on sides.
In 105 Xray pelvis (AP view), the CE angle, AD, AA, AIA, RA, ARO, EI, LS, DTW, JSW and PED were measured.CE angle, AD , RA , LS , PED and JSW were the parameters observed to have statistically significant difference with respect to gender but
not with sides.
In CT abdomen and pelvis (50) (100 acetabula) (24 males, 26 females) (50 right and 50 left) CE angle, AD, AA, AIA, RA, ARO, EI, LS, DTW, AV, JSW, PED, AASA and PASA were measured.When statistically analyzed AD, RA, AA, LS, PED and JSW were the parameters observed to have significant difference with respect to gender but not with sides.
In 30 (15 males and 15 females) fetuses (12 to 40 weeks), the acetabular diameter, acetabular depth and shape of the acetabulum were measured. The diameter and depth of the acetabulum increased with the age of the fetuses and the shape of the acetabulum became less hemispherical as the age advanced, thereby the socket was converted into a shallow cavity. The results were statistically apprehended.


importance to this volume (this is well illustrated by examples of staff notation, although it is a shame that this investigation is not accompanied by a CD – a podcast even). As a result of this book, scholars of dissent have a very strong base on which to build. What research agendas might be pursued? Clarke's carefully argued and wide-ranging chapter indicates that there is certainly more to be said about seventeenth-century developments, and the connection between the writing of Nonconformist poetry and of hymns could be probed further. More too could be said concerning the cross-fertilisation between dissenting and Anglican hymn traditions (although many of the contributors have suggestive comments to make on this subject). Finally, while this has hardly been unremarked, one of the most striking things about many of the hymn collections discussed remains their ecumenism. Hymns from different denominations jostle happily together. If a number of contributors are right that hymns provided a more accessible conduit for doctrine than printed prose works, or even perhaps sermons, then this ecumenism has obvious implications for our attempts to examine 'popular' religion, and the vexed question of the relationship between the theological positions held by ministers and those held by their flocks in both Nonconformist communities and the Church of England.


FIELD: transportation. SUBSTANCE: method comprises stages at which: first frame is provided being made of the first material and this first frame forms corresponding surface of the first material and this first material is metal; first element is provided being made of the second material; the first element forms corresponding surface being made of the second material and this second material is plastic; then corresponding surface of the first frame is glued to corresponding surface of the first element. Thereby the first frame or the first element or both form channel which partially comprises air duct after gluing of corresponding surfaces. Air duct is formed by interaction of the first frame and the first element. The first frame passes across vehicle from adjacent to one vehicle pillar to adjacent to opposite vehicle pillar. Air duct passes essentially the same distance as the first frame. EFFECT: integral structure with small weight. 23 cl, 9 dwg


Bryan. K. and Stouffer. R.. 1991. A note on Bjerknes' hypothesis for North Atlantic VOiriOibililY. J. ~IOIr. SYSI.. 1: 229-241 On decadal time-scales the historical surface temperature record over land in the Northern Hemisphere is dominated by polar amplified variations. These variations are coherent ~.ith SST anomalies concentrated in the Northwest Atlantic. but extending with lesser amplitude into the North Pacific as well. Bjerknes suggested that multi-year SST anomalies in the subpolar North Atlantic were due to irregular changes in the intensity of the thermohaline circulation. In support of the Bjerknes hypothesis there is evidence that winter overturning in the Labrador Sea was suppressed for a brief period from 1967-1969 by a cap of relative fresh water at the surface. Cause and effect ;ue unclear. but this event was associated ~'ith a marked cooling of the entire Northern Hemisphere. The difference in SST averaged over the Northern Hemisphere oceans aJ"ld SST averaged over the Southern Hemisphere oceans from the equator to 40 0 S is coherent with Sahel summer rainfall on decadal time scales. Empirical evidence is supported by numerical experiments with the British Meteorological Office atmospheric climate model which simulate augmented monSoonal rainfall in the Sahel region of Africa in response to realistic warm SST anomalies in the Northwest Atlantic. A coupled ocean-atmosphere global model exhibits two equilibrium climate states. One has an acti\e thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic and the other does not. The two climate states provide an extreme example ~'hich illustrates the type of large scale air sea interaction Bjerknes \isualized as a mechanism for North Atlantic climate \'ariability on decadal


The paper introduced autopilot system for small vessel. Switch problem between hand steering and wheel steering is solved by used relay with normally open contact and normally close contact.485 bus is used to solve the transmission problem of rudder signal. Confirmed by tried in a fished boat, the autopilot system is high reliability, good stability, obvious energy-saving.


Increasing lifetime of Wireless sensor network is a critical issues today. For overcoming the issue a good wireless sensor network is needed to be designed as energy efficient. Routing is one of the reasons for reducing the lifespan of wireless sensor network. By making energy efficient routing algorithm we can increase the lifespan of the network. In this paper we have used the combination of load balancing ACO algorithm with TARF to increase lifetime of wireless sensor network. This algorithm helps in energy and time consumption and provides security against attacks.


Background/Aims
 Fatigue is a substantial, disabling symptom of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs). LIFT (Lessening the Impact of Fatigue in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a randomised Trial) is a multi-centre three-arm randomised trial using remotely delivered cognitive-behavioral approach (CBA) and personalised exercise programme (PEP) interventions, compared to normal care alone, with the aim to lessen the impact of fatigue in patients with IRDs. Most sessions were delivered by telephone. This nested qualitative study explored patients' experiences of taking part in the interventions.
 Methods
 A subgroup of patients who had completed follow-up after the LIFT trial took part in semi-structured telephone interviews to discuss their views and experiences of the interventions and subsequent impact on their lives.
 Results
 Participants were purposively sampled from six UK research sites to include variation in gender, age and IRDs. A total of 47 participants (33 women, 14 men) from the PEP (n = 22) and CBA (n = 25) arms took part. SB conducted an inductive thematic analysis of the data set. ED, CA, AW and KL reviewed a sub-set of the data. Five main themes were agreed after group discussion: There is no miracle cure, but LIFT is a way to manage fatigue: participants had disabling fatigue, with substantial impact on their work and social lives. Many were keen to understand the link between their IRD and fatigue. Participants reflected that LIFT could not offer a miracle cure, but most felt that they were better able to cope with their fatigue after taking part.
 Building a therapeutic relationship: participants reported feeling validated by LIFT therapists who understood the impact of IRD-fatigue. They valued the continuity of interacting with the same therapist throughout the intervention.
 The advantages of structure, self-monitoring and being accountable: many participants liked the structured format of the interventions and the inclusion of techniques such as goal setting because self-monitoring and being accountable to the therapist were helpful. Some felt guilty if they did not meet their goals but used this as an incentive to set more realistic objectives.
 A new toolbox: many participants described feeling more confident and empowered after the interventions, with a new 'toolbox' of coping mechanisms; more motivated to socialise, exercise and better able to pace activity. PEP participants who were physically active prior to LIFT saw less benefit.
 LIFT going forward - a tailored remotely delivered programme: participants' ideas included follow-up sessions at six and twelve months; the option for video calling; and group-based sessions to boost engagement and receive social support from other patients with fatigue.
 Conclusion
 Many patients engaged with the LIFT interventions and reported benefits of taking part. This suggests an important role for the remote delivery of fatigue self-management as services respond and adapt to the current pandemic.
 Disclosure
 S.E. Bennett: None. E. Dures: None. C. Almeida: None. E. Bachmair: None. K. Lovell: None. L. Paul: None. A. Wearden: None. G.J. Macfarlane: None. N. Basu: None.


The article is devoted to one of main elements of the technology of IT PLATFORMS, i.e. VIRTUAL PROFILING of the underground infrastructure. Implementing of this technology to the wide scale can very much change investment and administrative processes. VIRTUAL PROFILING of underground infrastructure is an example of using IT PLATFORMS VR3D in real investment tasks. This section presents examples of how to use this technology in practice. Keywords: IT platform; Virtual profiling; Underground infrastructure


Automation of blood component preparation (BCP) from whole blood (WB) collections can help to optimize the BCP process, and it is increasingly being widespread implemented.


The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study (GSAS) is a multicentre collaborative study of the characteristics of glaucomatous optic disc morphology using a stereo fundus camera. Using the GSAS dataset, we previously established a formula for predicting different appearances of glaucomatous optic discs, although the formula lacked validation in an independent dataset. In this study, the formula was validated in another testing dataset.


The objective of this research is to analyze the macroeconomic determinants in the development of the Ecuadorian stock market from 2000 to 2018. To accomplish this, the study was broken down into a total of four chapters. It begins with the study of the main theories that support the research. It addresses issues such as the stock market and macroeconomic indicators. Subsequently, the methodological elements on which the study was based were established. This research is characterized by being a nonexperimental, longitudinal and descriptive one, with a quantitative approach. The technique used in the collection of information was a documentary review. In the third chapter, the behavioral variables such as stock market capitalization, the GDP, the volume of negotiation of the stock market, the internal credit provided by the financial sector, the savings and national investment, as well as the inflation rate and the asset interest rate were analyzed through documentary data during 2000 to 2018. Finally, an econometric estimation was established by employing Calderon-Rossell. It concluded that the significance of the coefficients is statistically less than 5%. That is to say, the liquidity of the stock market, savings, investment, inflation and interest rates are macroeconomic factors that significantly determined the behavior of market capitalization in Ecuador between 2000 and 2018.


Objective: To fabricate and characterize sustained release antibacterial microsphere composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Methods: First, poly(lactic acid glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer, chitosan (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) were used to prepare porous microspheres
 by the emulsion method. Vancomycin (VA) hydrochloride was loaded onto the microspheres (VA@PLGA-CS-HA) for sustained release of drug, after which hydroxyapatite (HAP) was added (VA@PLGA-CS-HA/HAP). The detailed in vitro characterization of the antibacterial sustained-release microspheres
 was performed using various techniques including the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay; hemolysis, osteogenic, and antibacterial experiments; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and mechanical testing. Results: SEM showed that the sustained-release PLGA-CS-HA microspheres had a regular spherical
 shape, and the composite scaffolds of VA@PLGA-CS-HA/HAP microspheres were compact in structure. The relative colony-forming unit was less than 3% after 14 d of intervention. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that the relative growth rate of MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 osteoblast cells was more than 80%
 when the concentration of VA did not exceed 50 mg/mL. The mechanical strength of the scaffolds was comparable to that of human cancellous bone. The composite scaffolds enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity of MG-63 cells and promoted the mRNA expression of osteogenic genes such as runt-related
 transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and collagen. Conclusion: VA@PLGA-CS-HA microspheres can control the slow and sustained release of VA in vitro. The VA@PLGA-CS-HA/HAP microsphere composite scaffolds has a slower degradation rate and good antibacterial and mechanical
 properties in vitro.


Rapid and efficient immobilization of nitrilase within silica nanoparticles overcomes many hurdles associated with biocatalysis. A water-miscible dendrimer catalyzes the condensation of silicic acid to silica dioxide, entrapping electrostatically bound nitrilase molecules. Michaelis−Menten kinetics shows encapsulated nitrilase functions similarly to free nitrilase in solution. Additionally, HPLC analysis demonstrates that simple benchtop separation and recycling of the biocatalyst over 10 individual reactions are achieved without significant loss of enzyme and/or function. These findings broaden the use of nitrilases in the production of fine chemicals as well as general syntheses by overcoming some of the traditional barriers associated with enzyme reagents and nitrile conversion.


In this article, the author explores the link between citizens' quantitative literacy abilities and their financial prosperity. The author applies a robust social justice research vision and a Freirean approach to describe personal flourishing within the context of numerical, mathematical, and financial literacy (NMFL) education. Four families participated in a weekly evening community program that was designed to inform them about NMFLs. Analysis of the interview data showed that participants described a sense of personal flourishing, gained confidence and skills, and felt financially empowered enough to teach and transfer that knowledge to their children. The author proposes a conceptual framework linking personal flourishing with NMFLs, and suggests the framework be used to investigate and describe quantitative literacy and financial literacy in future empowering pedagogies research.


In sport training,the communication between coaches and the players is the information transmission.Because of the lack of balance in information transmission and the variety of relative transmitting elements,the information can suffer loss,which is usually ignored and therefore becomes the restrictive element to limit the efficient training.


The lethal and sublethal effects of increased salinity on adult and juvenile crayfish, and the effects of increased salinity on osmotic behaviour of adult crayfish were investigated. Lethal experiments, using a wide salinity range, indicated little difference in the salinity tolerance of adults and juveniles, but when 96-h median tolerance limits were estimated using a narrow salinity range: the juvenile value was 25. Sow while that for adults was 29.90‰. Sublethal effects, as determined by 'threat' and 'escape' behavioural responses with increased salinity, indicated that normal behaviour in adults and juveniles is maintained up to c. 12‰, lost between c. 12 and 25‰,. and death results above c. 25‰,. It is suggested that the field salinity tolerance range of C. destructor is restricted to salinities where behavioural patterns are unaffected. C. destructor is a hyperosmotic regulator, maintaining its blood concentration at approximately 410 mOsm up to 14‰, above which the blood concentration follows the isosmotic line. The possible evolution of this species is briefly discussed in terms of osmotic behaviour.


Many dance forms are made of their dance technique. Standardization of individual dance forms is in particular visible in their techniques which thus become a way of preservation, transmission and cultivation of these forms. The product of practicing dance techniques is not only dancing but also the body that takes over the expressed habitus, that is, a "hosted" shape of the dance form it practices. Work on the body through acquisition of a dance technique is a stake, effort and an attempt at creating certain physicality that always comes with a very specific goal. By practicing a technique, that is, exercising, bodies accumulate information. Settling ensured and enabled by a technique will, over time, like a memory, ensure different movement. In other words, body remembers a technique ; it has embodied memory and recollection. I will try to illustrate the extent to which impacts of body memory are visible in dance practices through dance techniques using the example of dance improvisation. Improvisation, as a non-structured component of dancing is a part of every form of dancing. A distinction between smaller or bigger proportion of improvisation in dancing will be made and explained together with more or less set conditions within which improvisation occurs differentiating between improvisation in standardised (mostly choreographed) and improvisation in non-standardised (non-choreographed) dance forms.


Abstract Sixth stadium nymphs of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana (Drury) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) were presented with spinach with or without added cholesterol or β‐sitosterol, and the lengths of the first four meals were monitored. Spinach alone evoked a typical aversion learning pattern in which successive meals were of decreasing duration; however, when cholesterol or β‐sitosterol was added the spinach remained acceptable. Nymphs fed spinach for 24h preferred glass‐fibre discs with added cholesterol in a choice test, but nymphs fed wheat (an acceptable food) did not prefer cholesterol‐treated or control discs. Nymphs pretreated with spinach did not distinguish between discs treated with stigmasterol (an unsuitable phytosterol for grasshoppers) and control discs. In no‐choice tests, nymphs pretreated with spinach also fed significantly longer on discs with added 10% cholesterol or 1%β‐sitosterol, compared to meals on discs with stigmasterol or sucrose controls. Detection of appropriate sterols is likely to involve a post‐ingestive feedback mechanism, as significantly longer meals on discs treated with only sucrose resulted when spinach‐fed nymphs, were force‐fed gelatin capsules packed with β‐sitosterol or cholesterol, compared with stigmasterol. Contact chemoreception is unlikely to play a role in this behaviour, as discs (lacking sucrose) treated with cholesterol, β‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, or a chloroform control, all required similar numbers of contacts before feeding was initiated.


An initial conceptual definition of a technology development mission for advanced solar dynamic power systems is provided, utilizing a space station to provide a dedicated test facility. The advanced power systems considered included Brayton, Stirling, and liquid metal Rankine systems operating in the temperature range of 1040 to 1400 K. The critical technologies for advanced systems were identified by reviewing the current state of the art of solar dynamic power systems. The experimental requirements were determined by planning a system test of a 20 kWe solar dynamic power system on the space station test facility. These requirements were documented via the Mission Requirements Working Group (MRWG) and Technology Development Advocacy Group (TDAG) forms. Various concepts or considerations of advanced concepts are discussed. A preliminary evolutionary plan for this technology development mission was prepared.


Arabic natural language processing (ANLP) has gained increasing interest over the last decade. However,

the development of ANLP tools depends on the availability of large corpora. It turns out unfortunately that

the scientific community has a deficit in large and varied Arabic corpora, especially ones that are freely

accessible. With the Internet continuing its exponential growth, Arabic Internet content has also been

following the trend, yielding large amounts of textual data available through different Arabic websites. This

paper describes the TALAA corpus, a voluminous general Arabic corpus, built from daily Arabic

newspaper websites. The corpus is a collection of more than 14 million words with 15,891,729 tokens

contained in 57,827 different articles. A part of the TALAA corpus has been tagged to construct an

annotated Arabic corpus of about 7000 tokens, the POS-tagger used containing a set of 58 detailed tags. The

annotated corpus was manually checked by two human experts. The methodology used to construct TALAA

is presented and various metrics are applied to it, showing the usefulness of the corpus. The corpus can be

made available to the scientific community upon authorisation.


Ka≤35). Установлено, что исследуемые молекулы относится к классу очень слабых Н-кислот (pKa>14).For the first time it is executed quantum chemical calculation of a molecules of 13,13-dibrombicyclo[10,1,0]tridekane, 13,13-dibrombicyclo[10,1,0]tridekane, 1-methyl-13,13-dihlorbicyclo[10,1,0]tridekane method MNDO with optimization of geometry on all parameters. The optimized geometrical and electronic structure of this connection is received. Acid force of 13,13-dibrombicyclo[10,1,0]tridekane, 13,13-dibrombicyclo[10,1,0]tridekane, 1-methyl-13,13-dihlorbicyclo[10,1,0]tridekane is theoretically appreciated. It is established, than it to relate to a class of very weak Hacids (33≤pKa≤35, where pKa-universal index of acidity).


The present invention discloses a lithium for - the positive-sulfur battery, the positive electrode comprises an element selected from sulfur (S


Levene's T-test is used to test the null hypothesis that multiple population variances (corresponding to multiple samples) are equal. The test is a one-way ANOVA on absolute deviations for each group. This is version 1.1 of the software.


We are developing biomarkers of sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake for application in a Yup'ik Eskimo population, to detect associations with chronic disease risk. The naturally‐occurring carbon isotope ratio of human serum and RBC has been proposed as a biomarker of SSB intake, based on the elevated carbon isotope ratio of corn syrup and cane sugar. However, the marker's utility is diminished by a concurrent relationship with meat from corn‐fed animals. Here we evaluated the association of SSB intake and the carbon isotope ratio of individual amino acids in RBC, to investigate whether one might provide a biomarker that was more specific to SSB intake. The carbon isotope ratio of alanine was strongly (r = 0.70) associated with SSB intake but not associated with intake of corn‐fed market meat. Alanine can be readily synthesized in cells from pyruvate, which derives from glucose. We suggest that this synthetic pathway allows the capture of carbon from dietary sugars in tissue proteins, such as RBC, providing a stable biomarker of intake. This study was funded by a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence grant from the NIH NCRR (P20 RR16430‐10) and NIH NIDDK R01DK07442


In order to improve the quality of casting and raise the rate of finished products, this paper summarizes the reasonable and effective method of casting pouring through analyzing design principle of traditional casting pouring system and technics keys of EPC Process.


A texture image can be characterized by its fractal feature, and hence, the fractal features can be used as the texture signature to retrieve the images. In this paper, based on the independence of fractal parameters, we improve the three-dimensional histogram into a composite index, in order to reduce computational complexity. Furthermore, under the same computational cost, we make the comparison between the proposed composite index and fractal-dimension-related features, and experimental results on a database of 640 texture images indicate that the proposed composite index outperforms fractal-dimension-related features


Subdivision surfaces are emerging as a powerful representation for shape design. Their simplicity and potential to overcome difficulties associated with traditional spline-based modeling has made them a popular choice for several applications. Among these, the modeling of animated characters for movie production has, by far, received the most attention in the literature. In contrast, we focus our attention on the use of subdivision surfaces for the automotive, aerospace, and consumer product industrial sectors. Over the past few years we have developed a suite of modeling tools to facilitate a more efficient and smooth transition from the initial stages of design to class-A surfaces. These tools considerably improve the efficiency of certain design operations and, in some cases, enable tasks that are difficult or even impossible to perform using NURBS-based approaches. Our presentation includes a brief review of multiresolution subdivision surfaces, followed by several interactive operations for shape modeling and their potential applications. We discuss the novel aspects of our algorithms and we illustrate them in the context of different design scenarios. We include results of integrating our technology into Dassault Systèmes' CATIA solid modeler.


Yamamoto et al. (2015) reported that baked clay samples from the floor of a reconstructed (simulated) ancient kiln provided a reliable Tsunakawa-Shaw archeointensity (AI) estimate. The simulated reconstruction was conducted in 1972 to reproduce an excavated kiln of the seventh century in Japan and Sue-type potteries of contemporary style were also fired (Nakajima et al., 1974). Two of the potteries with reddish color were subjected to the Tsunakawa-Shaw archeointensity determinations, resulting in reliable AI estimates when specimens were heated in air in laboratory (Yamamoto et al., 2017 JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting). We have had another opportunity to take samples from a new reconstructed (simulated) ancient kiln at Miki, Hyogo, Japan, which was fired in autumn 2016. The samples are ones taken from a kiln floor, an inner wall of the kiln body, and two Sue-type (bowl-type and plate-type) potteries with grayish color. They were cut into mini specimens and then subjected to the Tsunakawa-Shaw experiment with two different heating conditions (either in air or vacuum). Yamamoto et al. (2017 AGU Fall Meeting) reported the experimental results except for the kiln-floor samples: successful results were obtained from 26 specimens and the resultant AI estimates are indistinguishable between the heating conditions; except the


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- Steel re-rolling mill is one of the prominent sectors regarding the secondary level steel shaping for infrastructure development in India. SRRM produces nearly half of the total steel production in India. In terms of specific energy consumption, the steel re-rolling process largely contributes to the total energy input required for the smooth operation of the plant. Roll forming mills have the highest electricity needs, and considerable heat energy is consumed by continuous slab reheating furnaces. This proposed research was carried out with a vision to know the sources of heat energy losses and to evaluate possible solutions to increase the efficiency of re-rolling mills and energy savings.


Attending regional conferences is a valuable professional development opportunity for graduate students in library and information science as well as librarians new to the profession. These presentation slides are from this panelist's portion of a NASIG/North Carolina Serials Conference webinar.


We demonstrate the production of cold, slow NH3 molecules from a supersonic NH3 molecular beam using our electrostatic Stark decelerator consisting of 179 slowing stages. By using this long Stark decelerator, a supersonic NH3 molecular beam can be easily decelerated to trappable velocities. Here we present two modes for operating the Stark decelerator to slow the supersonic NH3 molecules. The first is the normal mode, where all 179 stages are used to decelerate molecules, and it allows decelerating the NH3 molecular beam from 333 m/s to 18 m/s, with a final temperature of 29.2 mK. The second is the deceleration-bunch mode, which allows us to decelerate the supersonic NH3 beam from 333 m/s to 24 m/s, with a final temperature of 2.9 mK. It is clear that the second mode promises to produce colder (high-energy-resolution) molecular samples than the normal mode. Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations are also performed for the experiments and they show a good agreement with the observed results. The deceleration-bunch operation mode presented here can find applications in the fields of cold collisions, high-resolution spectroscopy, and precision measurements.


The Convention on Biological Diversity confirmed the idea that the valorization of biodiversity can be placed at the heart of a strategy that combines nature conservation and sustainable development. This paper examines a project in Bolivia that sets up a supply chain for medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. The program, called Biodesa-FFEM, aims to conserve biodiversity by marketing these extracts. Biodesa is an example of the implementation of the principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity in a country with advanced legislation on access to genetic resources. Activities as diverse as the exploration of new uses for plants, legal access to resources, the production of scientific knowledge, and the marketing of ethno-botanical knowledge are all leading to the creation of new partnerships around a university center in Cochabamba. We study the nature of these partnerships between the public and private sector, between the market and nature conservation, between supply and demand for plant resources, and between scientists and people with local knowledge. We examine the question as to whether these partnerships are conducive to the emergence of a market for natural products.


ABSTRACT Geophagia, melodious word that it may sound to some, is nevertheless a "dirty" word. It means the ingestion of dirt (soil) or clay by persons whose perverted appetites lead them to eat "dirt" instead of nutritious food.In their article on this subject in this issue of The Journal (p 738), Gelfand et al delve briefly into the history of geophagia, but their search for the origins of the perversion is by no means complete. They note that geophagia-induced illness that resembled beriberi occurred among black slaves in Louisiana and that geophagia, as a cause of anemia, is still prevalent among blacks living in New York City.For their own part, Gelfand et al report five cases in which geophagia led to life-threatening hyperkalemia in the presence of chronic renal failure. The mechanism appeared to be absorption of large amounts of potassium from ingested clay. One patient, a 45-year-old black


Before feeding, forage root crops must first be cleaned of dirt. The use of machines for dry cleaning of root crops reduces energy and labor costs, and is also cost-effective compared to cleaners based on the hydro-mechanical cleaning principle. This article presents the technological process of interaction of the brush rod with the surface of the root crop. Three cases are considered: "absolutely rigid rod", "absolutely flexible" and real. The forces on the surface of the root crop when exposed to rods of different stiffness are indicated. An equation is proposed for determining the work of destruction when separating the polluting particles from the treated surface. It is noted that zootechnically acceptable cleaning quality with an acceptable amount of feed mass loss can be obtained only at a certain speed of rotation of the internal drum-brush. The brush working body (rod) must have sufficient rigidity for the required shear force and must be elastic in order to follow the surface of the root and be able to remove dirt from various depressions, eliminating the possibility of injury to protruding parts on the surface of root crops.


Because secondary-school programs undergo frequent revisions, curriculum documents representing the most recent curriculardecisions sometimes fail to receive as much attention as they deserve. This is a mistake. These documents, though transitory in nature, are the written expression of districts' and schools' curricular attentions. Poorly constructed documents send negative messages about district and school commitment to educational excellence. This article introduces quality criteria that can be used to assess the quality of documents. A rating scale has been developed that includes an operational definition for four rating points for each criterion of excellence. This rating scale is useful both for professionals charged with developing new curriculum documents and for those interested in assessing the adequacy of those that have already been prepared.


Two very different kinds of questions are addressed in studies of political conflict. Comparison of societies leads to explanations for differences in kinds and levels of conflict behavior, the ways in which con flicts are played out, and the mechanisms for dispute settlement which are utilized when conflict occurs. Analysis of individual disputes tries to explain why particular conflicts take the course they do. This paper seeks to link both kinds of questions about conflict, spelling out their mutual relevance for explaining societal differences, and for suggesting fruitful ways to think about the dynamics of dispute resolution in the context of intense ethnic conflict. Broad comparative analysis can offer an appropriate framework for understanding particular disputes, and the specific argument that both the concrete interests and psycho cultural interpretations of the disputants affect conflict behavior is illustrated using the cross-cultural frame work to discuss conflict in Northern Ireland. Overview Two very different kinds of questions are addressed in studies of political conflict. Comparison of societies leads to explanations of differences in kinds and levels of con flict behavior, the ways in which conflicts are played out, and the mechanisms for dis pute settlement which are utilized when conflict occurs (Ross 1986 a). Analysis of indi vidual disputes tries to explain why particular conflicts take the course they do (Swartz 1966; Swartz, Turner and Tuden 1968). Both kinds of questions are important, and answers to each are needed for a full understanding of conflict behavior. This paper seeks to address both kinds of questions about conflict, spelling out their mu tual relevance for explaining societal differences, for considering conflict in particular communities, and for suggesting fruitful ways to think about the dynamics of dispute resolution in the context of intense ethnic conflict. A crucial part of my argument is that broad comparative analysis can offer an appropriate framework for understand ing particular disputes. The general argument is illustrated using the framework I de veloped studying political conflict and violence cross-culturally to understand the dy namics of ethnic conflict in Northern Ireland. I begin with the proposition that conflict is a collective process, and use the concept


Abstrcat The flooding disaster is one of the master natural calamity in Chongqing. It causes enormous economic losses and casualties every year, which greatly restricts the sustainable development both in the society and the economy aspects of the city. Based on the research, the characteristics of the floods in Chongqing are analyzed and the flooding disasters and the loss are in past years are summarized. Then, according to characteristics of flooding disasters in Chongqing, a disaster management system is proposed and analyzed in detail.


L. (2007). The development of a healthy eating indicator shopping basket tool (HEISB) for use in food access studies—identification of key food items. This literature review of UK designations of "healthy food" in Scotland helps create objective criteria of "healthy food." The healthy eating indicator shopping basket (HEISB) was created through the review of surveys done throughout the UK. HEISB isbased on UK Food Standards Assessment nutrient content, cultural acceptance, use of foods in previous models, price, convenience, variety. Using this model effectively would


We propose notation for a class of paperfolded models that uses a simple formula-like string to completely describe the folding process.


According to the research on two classes of equal rank studying in different circumstances,the authors,by means of interview and questionnaire,probe into the influence factors of education circumstances to students' advance in Teachers College.By comparative study,this paper has discussed the interact between education circumstances and students' advance.The effects of education environment factors,which include natural environment,teaching environment,system of administration,living condition and conditions of activity,have been analyzed and discovered.


ABSTRACT The role of Professor Edward Allworth in building the academic study of the Soviet Union's many ethnic minorities in general, and of the peoples and cultures of Central Asia in particular, is well-known. Perhaps less well-known is his tireless work, along with his wife Janet, in building library collections capable of supporting advanced research. This essay looks at aspects of this important activity and its impact on the holdings of the Columbia University Libraries.


Today's world faces unprecedented complexities. Governments, businesses, and nonprofits have far to go in solving these problems. The economic recession of 2007 exposed a significant decline in public and private support for social services (Pitt- Catsouphes & Berzin, 2015) and the need for social workers to facilitate new ways of addressing the complex, interwoven problems of poverty, racism, social inequity, and discrimination. Now more than ever, social workers need to understand how social services can utilize new strategies with new solutions to address these issues (Berzin, 2012). ). Shuman & Fuller (2005) coined the phrase "revolution will not be funded," indicating that nonprofits all over the country must devise new incomegenerating strategies to empower disadvantaged groups. Although the media reports that the U.S. economy has rebounded, foundations and governments still expect social service nonprofits to leverage new forms of revenue to fulfill their missions. There is also some uncertainty ab...


Acupuncture is an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM). Using emerging technologies to mine hidden regularities from acupuncture treatment information can not only help making greater contributions to the citizens' health,but also promote the improvement of modern theoretical system of TCM. Choosing acupoints(namely points)is the key to acupuncture treatment, but the research on acupoint selection for acupuncture treatment with modern technology is still in its infancy.To generate acupoints prescription automatically, an algorithm based on K-nearest neighbor method is proposed in this paper.Through analyzing K records which are most similar to the target patient's record from a patient record set, the algorithm automatically recommends an acupuncture treatment plan for the patient. According to the characteristics of acupuncture clinical data,normalized symptom names, unigrams and bigrams are adopted as features to calculate the record similarity in this paper. An experiment on a clinical acupuncture data set which contains 6267 records is performed to validate the algorithm, and the experimental result shows that using unigrams and bigrams as features are more suitable for the automatic generation of acupoints prescription and its F-measure can achieve respectively 40.30% and 62.71% after deleting and reserving patients' subsequent visit data.


A leisure food-the simulation vegetarian mushrooms silk was prepared through the use of mushroom stem.Processed through cooking,dehydration and shredding,the crude mushroom silk was made into the golden product after seasoned with flavoring liquid.For good delicious flavor,the formula of flavoring liquid and dosage of several spices were tested by means of the orthogonal experiment.The better formula was determined as follows(in the volume of 1.5 kg water): edible salt 400 g,sugar 4.0 kg,monosodium glutamate 100 g,natural extract beef cream 200 g,and the better dosage of spices was cassia 60 g,fennel 40 g,liquorice 80 g,ginger 350 g.This product will not only benefit the mushroom stem value increase,but also produce positive guide for developing its health value.


Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines concerning maritime counter-drug operations. Kingstown, 29 June 1995 and Bridgetown, 4 July 1995


The article studies the problem of functioning of the khan's power in the Kazakh society in the second half of the XVIII century. At this time, the Russian border administration attempted to strengthen its influence onKazakh society, which was manifested in a policy aimed at transforming the procedure of electing and legitimizing Kazakh khans. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of election of Kazakh khans in the conditions of attempts of the Imperial administration to influence the process and procedure of election and approval of Kazakh rulers in the Khan's dignity in the second half of the XVIII century. An important task is to show how these attempts were implemented and what results they led to. Another task is to show the procedure of election and approval of Kazakh khans and the innovations that appeared under the influence of the Russian authorities based on archival materials. The article uses materials from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, Russian State Military Historical Archive, Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, as well as published documents and materials. Since the middle of the XVIII century, the Orenburg administration made attempts to influence the election of Nurali Khan of the Small Horde, who became the first Kazakh ruler to be confirmed in the dignity of Khan by the Russian monarch. In the Middle Horde, the introduction of this innovation was delayed, which was primarily due to the position and real capabilities of the Sultan, and then Ablai Khan. Having established a noticeable control over the Kazakh clans of the Middle Horde while still a Sultan, he continued to strengthen his influence among the Kazakhs, which drew the attention of the Russian administration to him. In the late 1750s, he offered the title of Khan, with the condition of approval in this title in St. Petersburg, but this attempt was unsuccessful. The next attempt was made in the 1770s, when Ablai, who had been already elected Khan by the Kazakhs, asked to approve St. Petersburg in this dignity. Despite the obvious influence of the Russian Empire on the process of approval of Kazakh rulers by the khans, throughout the XVIII and even later, the Kazakhs retained many elements related to the procedure of election and proclamation of khans.


The purpose of the article is to identify the features of daily life of the local police officers of the Reichсommissariat Ukraine (hereinafter – the RCU), their socio-professional status. Research methods: analytical, synthetic, historical-chronological, comparative-historical, logical. Main results. The example of the RCU examines the problem of the daily life of local police officers in their everyday, social, professional and psychological dimensions. At the systemic level, the everyday aspects of daily routine of local police officers and their place in the system of social relations of that time are clarified. Typical models of behavior of policemen of RCU are distinguished in their relationships with local society. Examples of the participation of Ukrainian police officers both in persecution and in helping people who were victims of Nazi repression are given. The fact of increase of destructive phenomena in moral and psychological moods of local police officers of the RCU is established. Scientific novelty. For the first time the daily life of RCU police officers is analyzed in detail, their place in the system of social relations and model of behavior in the course of fulfilling their professional duties are determined. Practical importance. The study identifies typical social behavior patterns of persons who in occupation conditions were employed by local police and were directly accomplishing the goals and objectives of Nazi occupation policy. The originality of the study is based on the identification and analytical and synthetic processing of previously unknown archival sources of the Soviet special services. Type of article: research.


Consider these facts: An often-debilitating brain disease afflicts millions of Americans. This disease is one of the country's greatest killers. Its victims frequently suffer from depression and many physical ailments, and often become unable to work effectively. The disease costs the U.S. economy hundreds of billions of dollars annually-more than cancer, more than heart disease.' Fortunately, although no cure exists, medical treatment can enable recipients to live normal, healthy, and productive lives. Treatment is cheap compared to many other common medical procedures and is highly cost-effective.2 Now consider this: For the vast majority of victims of this disease, effective treatment is inaccessible. Most health insurance plans either do not cover it or put a variety of limits on coverage that do not apply to other diseases. Unless they can pay out of pocket, victims cannot get the treatment they need. To make matters worse, they are often told that their condition is not a real disease, or that it is their fault, or that suffering from it makes them a criminal. The disease is drug and alcohol addiction, and the facts are real. Ubiquitous benefit caps on insurance coverage of substance abuse treatment put effective recovery out of reach for most addicts. In this Note, I assess the nature of this problem and some possible ways to address it. The general principle that I advocate is substance abuse treatment parity, which means that insurance plans should provide coverage for addiction treatment that is equivalent to that provided for analogous conditions. In some cases, failure to provide such parity should be considered illegal disability discrirmintion on the part of employers and insurers. Moreover, new laws should be adopted to require insurance parity explicitly.


Abstract Daily sedation interruption or sedation vacation is a strategy for neurological evaluation, respiratory mechanics, cardiac stability, and eventual weaning to extubation. However, its application has safety aspects such as pulmonary, cardiac, and neurological complications. A protocol-driven sedation vacation in the medical intensive care helps with the reduction in the intensive care length of stay and increase in ventilator-free days. 1,2 The same approach can be used in neurointensive care with alterations based upon the neurocritical care progression.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between perceived social support, cognition, and physical functioning in older adults with and without Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

METHOD
Participants were dementia-free older adults with MS (N = 89; M age = 64.75, SD + 4.25 years; 66.3% female) and community-residing older adults (N = 102; M age = 68.74, SD + 7.12 years; 62.7% female). The medical outcomes study modified social support survey (MSSS), oral symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) and timed-25-foot-walk-test (T25FW) served as outcome measures. Linear regressions stratified by group status assessed the associations between PSS, cognition, and physical functioning.

RESULTS
Higher total MSSS scores were associated with higher SDMT scores in the MS group (β = 0.24, p = 0.02) and in the control group (β = 0.26, p = 0.005). Positive social interaction (β = 0.27, p = 0.011) was associated with SDMT performance in the MS group. Emotional/informational support (β = 0.27, p = 0.003) and positive social interaction (β = 0.25, p = 0.007) were associated with SDMT performance in the control group. Depression scores attenuated associations between perceived social support and SDMT performance in the MS group (p > 0.05) but not the control group. In contrast, higher MSSS scores were not associated with higher T25FW scores in either group.

CONCLUSIONS
Among older adults with and without MS, perceived social support was associated with cognition but not physical functioning. Depressive symptoms attenuated associations between perceived social support and cognition in the MS group only.


The Mississippi Fan is a large, mud-dominated submarine fan over 4 km thick that was deposited in the deep Gulf of Mexico during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Analysis of 19000 km of multifold seismic data across the fan defined 17 seismic sequences, each characterized by a series of channel, levee, and associated overbank deposits, along with other mass transport deposits. At the base of nine sequences are a series of seismic facies consisting of mounded, hummocky, chaotic, and subparallel reflections, which constitute 10-20% of the sediments in the sequence. These facies are externally mounded in cross section and occur in two general regions of the fan. In the upper and middle fan, they occur below channels and are elongated in shape, mimicking the channel's distr bution. In the middle to lower fan, they have a fan-shaped distribution, increasing in width downfan. These facies are interpreted to have formed as disorganized slides, debris flows, and turbidites, and are informally called mass transport complexes. Overlying this basal interval and characteristic of all sequences are well-developed channel-levee systems, which constitute 80-90% of the fan's sediments. Channels consist of high-amplitude, subparallel reflections. Levee sediments have subparallel reflections that have moderate to high amplitudes at the base changing upward to low amplitude. The vertical change in amplitude may reflect a decrease in the grain size and bed thickness of the levee sediments. Overbank sediments consist of interbedded subparallel to hummocky and mounded reflections, suggesting both turbidites derived from the channel, as well as slides and debris flows derived from the slope. Pliocene-Pleistocene eustatic cycles are interpreted to have been the major factor controlling the timing and style of sedimentation in the fan. Mass transport complexes are interpreted to have formed during a lowering of sea level, and reflect sediments derived from retrogressive slumping during the formation of submarine canyons in the upper slope and outer shelf. Channel-levee systems were deposited when sea level was near its lowest position and sediment derived from deltas was transported into the deep basin via submarine canyons. During highstands in sea level, a thin layer of hemipelagic sediment was deposited on the fan surface. The Mississippi Fan serves as an exploration model for mud-dominated submarine fans and has four prospective reservoir facies: channel sands with linear trends, unchannelized sands beyond the downdip terminus of the channel (possible lobes), potentially sand-prone levees immediately adjacent to initial channels deposited in some sequences, and limited parts of mass transport complexes.


Department of Internal Medicine, and the Bariatric and Metabolic International (BMI) Surgery Center, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and the Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 Question: A 32-year-old woman with a body mass index of 35.2 kg/m underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for the management of morbid obesity. Fever and abdominal pain occurred on postoperative day 5. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an intra-abdominal abscess in the left subhepatic region and CT-guided drainage was performed. An upper GI series showed leakage of contrast from the gastric body. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed stenosis in the lower stomach and a fissure-like leak with purulent discharge at the upper portion of the sleeve tube (Figure A, arrow). A covered, self-expandable stent (SES) was placed to treat the leak. The distal and proximal ends of the stent were at the antrum and mid-esophagus, respectively. Only mild chest discomfort and acid reflux occurred after the stent placement. Oral intake was initiated 2 days later and the patient was discharged. However, she complained of progressive epigastric pain 2 weeks later and EGD was performed on day 19 after stent placement (Figure B, C). What is your diagnosis and management? See the Gastroenterology web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI. 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.


RESULTS INTRODUCTION Many bermudagrass and zoysiagrass cultivars cannot be seeded and are commonly planted vegetatively using sprigs, especially for sod production or in sand-based systems such as athletic fields and putting greens. Traditionally, sprig-planting has been accomplished during the warm-season growing months when soil temperatures are capable of initiating and promoting growth. However, this often results in an extended grow-in period and can significantly reduce the use of the turf in the first growing season.


In this work, damage assessment in buildings is improved applying deconvolution techniques to structural dynamic responses to eliminate Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) effects. Using transfer functions to suppress the influence of the flexible base, modal information becomes more precise, thus, resulting on enhanced damage identification results. The Baseline Stiffness Method is applied to determine damage (loss of stiffness); location and magnitude. This method allows assessing damage in buildings without baseline modal information (undamaged state) using, solely, the approximated lateral stiffness of the first storey and the acceleration records of the damaged system. Controlled damage cases were simulated decreasing storey stiffness values of shearbeam building models. Results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology to identify damage in buildings without baseline modal information.


The present invention relates to an image diagnostic apparatus, an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and a medical image display apparatus. Problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide an image diagnosis apparatus can effectively use the display region of the display portion when viewed in a medical image, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and a medical image display apparatus. The image diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention includes a display unit, an input unit and a display control unit. A display unit having a display and a medical image related to the medical image menu display area. The input unit receives input of the display area. The display control unit receives input by the input unit to the different menus displayed on the display area.


Language fuzziness, one of the most significant features of human natural languages, has been existing since the birth of languages. It has been widely applied in various texts, also including English news leads. The paper aims to probe into some E-C translation strategies of fuzzy language in English news leads with reference to some translators' versions of news leads from foreign journals, which are the strategy of equivalence, the strategy of conversion, the strategy of expansion and the strategy of omission. Keywords—English news leads; fuzzy language; translation


Background: Resveratrol is known as a natural phytoalexin found in grapes and wine, which has significant antitumor activity under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In recent years, a new approach for the prevention or treatment of melanoma. IgG secondary antibody. The rabbit anti-PKM2 and rabbit anti-voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein (VDAC) by Alexa Fluor ® 594 goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody. The mouse mouse Alexa Fluor ® 488 donkey IgG secondary antibody. for nuclear staining.


The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the District Narcotics Agency (BNK) in Drug Abuse Management in the Panca Rijang District of Sidenreng Rappang Regency and the factors that influenced the Performance of the Narcotics Agency (BNK) in drug abuse prevention in Panca Rijang Sub-District, Sidenreng Rappang District. The population is 26,149 people in Panca Rijang Subdistrict aged 18 years and above. The sample in this study was 100 people in the District of Panca Rijang, based on purposive sampling techniques or determination of samples with certain criteria with sampling techniques using Slovin formula.. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with basic research, survey research with descriptive explanatory level, and the type of data in this study is quantitative research.The results of the Performance of the District Narcotics Agency (BNK) in the prevention of drug abuse in the Panca Rijang District of Sidenreng Rappang Regency are in the "less good" category with a percentage of 55%. As for the factors that influence the Performance of the District Narcotics Agency (BNK) in drug abuse prevention in Panca Rijang Subdistrict, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, the first factor has a percentage of 63% with the category "Enough effect", the second factor has a percentage of 62.6% with the category "Fairly influential", and the third factor has a percentage of 60.6% with the category "Poor", based on the results of the average recapitulation of the percentage of factors that affect BNK performance in overcoming drug abuse as much as 62%, and are in the "Enough Effect" category.
Keywords:Performance of the District Narcotics Agency
The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the District Narcotics Agency (BNK) in Drug Abuse Management in the Panca Rijang District of Sidenreng Rappang Regency and the factors that influenced the Performance of the Narcotics Agency (BNK) in drug abuse prevention in Panca Rijang Sub-District, Sidenreng Rappang District. The population is 26,149 people in Panca Rijang Subdistrict aged 18 years and above. The sample in this study was 100 people in the District of Panca Rijang, based on purposive sampling techniques or determination of samples with certain criteria with sampling techniques using Slovin formula.. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with basic research, survey research with descriptive explanatory level, and the type of data in this study is quantitative research.The results of the Performance of the District Narcotics Agency (BNK) in the prevention of drug abuse in the Panca Rijang District of Sidenreng Rappang Regency are in the "less good" category with a percentage of 55%. As for the factors that influence the Performance of the District Narcotics Agency (BNK) in drug abuse prevention in Panca Rijang Subdistrict, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, the first factor has a percentage of 63% with the category "Enough effect", the second factor has a percentage of 62.6% with the category "Fairly influential", and the third factor has a percentage of 60.6% with the category "Poor", based on the results of the average recapitulation of the percentage of factors that affect BNK performance in overcoming drug abuse as much as 62%, and are in the "Enough Effect" category.
Keywords:Performance of the District Narcotics Agency


We have studied the effect of disorder on the local electronic structure near the interface between two model metals. In particular we follow the evolution of the local density of states with increasing disorder. To model the disorder we use a supercell approach in which a relatively large and disordered cluster is periodically repeated in two dimensions so as to form the interface. The degree of disorder within a given cluster is parametrized by the order parameter of a nearest neighbor lattice‐gas model, in such a way as to interpolate between a perfectly ordered and a completely disordered interface. Cell configurations are sampled by means of Monte Carlo simulation of the lattice‐gas model. For a given configuration, the local electronic structure is obtained by means of a Green function technique. An average over the sample configurations is then performed to obtain the average density of states for a set of values of the order parameter. We find that as the interface disorder increases there appears...


General condition of Jiangsu Yixing Pumped Storage Power Substation is introduced,the impact of the direct current component in the direct current system of 500 kV Zhengping converter substation on transformers of Yixing Pump Storage Power Substation is analysed.Soil models are established and the magnitudes of direct current component in different soil receptivity are analyzed through calculation.The conclusion is that the monopole running of Zhengping convertor substation won't affect the transformer of Yixing power substation.


Background: The pain in the lumbar region is common. One of the causes of low back pain is lumbar vertebral syndrome. There is a wide range of options for treating low back pain. The purpose of the study is to describe exercises on a balance cushion to influence the pain in lumbar vertebral syndrome and to track the effect of their application. Methods: We studied 20 participants with low back pain. We applied the following tests to the patients: visual analogue scale, Schober test, measurement of lateral flexion and Straight leg raise test. The methodology includes exercises on a balance cushion. We performed manual manipulation techniques on each patient by treating trigger points in the lower back and buttocks once a week. Results: We achieved an improvement in the studied indicators after the applied therapy, which was expressed in a reduction of pain and restoration of normal mobility in the lumbar region. Conclusions: The application of exercises on a balance cushion allows in a short time to affect the pain and mobility in the lumbar spine to fully perform their work and professional activities.


Abstract 2665 Introduction: Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure by red blood cells (RBCs) is increased in sickle cell disease, where it is thought to contribute to anemia, inflammation and activation of coagulation. RBCs from subjects with sickle cell trait (SCT) may also express more PS compared to controls. We recently reported a high prevalence of SCT in African Americans with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) - a state marked by anemia, profound inflammation and coagulation activation. No study has yet examined RBC PS exposure, inflammation or coagulation activation in African Americans patients with SCT and ESRD. Objective: To determine whether RBC PS exposure is elevated in ESRD patients with SCT receiving hemodialysis compared to patients with normal hemoglobin genotype, and whether markers of coagulation activation and inflammation are similarly elevated. The relationship between RBC PS exposure, thrombin generation and inflammation was also examined. Methods: We performed a cross sectional study of 10 patients with documented SCT and 9 race-matched controls. Both groups were receiving in center hemodialysis. The percentage of RBCs demonstrating PS exposure was determined by annexin-V binding and flow cytometry detection. Plasma thrombin/anti-thrombin (TAT) complexes and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined by ELISA. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine differences between these variables among the groups. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) are shown. Spearman9s correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship among the variables tested. Results: Consistent with previous reports in ESRD patients, we found markedly elevated RBC PS exposure among both groups; however, patients with SCT had significantly elevated PS exposure compared to those without SCT (6.65%, [IQR: 5.1, 8.8] vs. 3.0%, [IQR: 2.1,4.2], p = 0.002). Furthermore, patients with SCT had higher TAT levels compared to those without SCT (16.1 ng/L [IQR: 11.9, 28.4] vs. 5.5 ng/L [IQR: 3.8, 8.6], p Conclusions: These data suggest that patients with SCT trait in ESRD may be subject to an increased risk of thrombotic complications related to increased PS exposure on RBCs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Electronic retinal prostheses seek to restore sight in patients with retinal degeneration by delivering pulsed electric currents to retinal neurons via an array of microelectrodes. Most implants use inductive or optical transmission of information and power to an intraocular receiver, with decoded signals subsequently distributed to retinal electrodes through an intraocular cable. Surgical complexity could be minimized by an "integrated" prosthesis, in which both power and data are delivered directly to the stimulating array without any discrete components or cables. We present here an integrated retinal prosthesis system based on a photodiode array implant. Video frames are processed and imaged onto the retinal implant by a video goggle projection system operating at near-infrared wavelengths (~ 900 nm). Photodiodes convert light into pulsed electric current, with charge injection maximized by specially optimized series photodiode circuits. Prostheses of three different pixel densities (16 pix/mm2, 64 pix/mm2, and 256 pix/mm2) have been designed, simulated, and prototyped. Retinal tissue response to subretinal implants made of various materials has been investigated in RCS rats. The resulting prosthesis can provide sufficient charge injection for high resolution retinal stimulation without the need for implantation of any bulky discrete elements such as coils or tethers. In addition, since every pixel functions independently, pixel arrays may be placed separately in the subretinal space, providing visual stimulation to a larger field of view.


This is a survey on pointed Hopf algebras with finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension and related aspects of the theory of infinite-dimensional Hopf algebras.


Objective: All long-term care facilities are supposed to engage in quality improvement activities in an effort to improve care quality. The purpose of this pilot study was to teach long-term care staff how to conduct continuous quality improvement (CQI) related to nutritional care. Methods: Research staff conducted CQI training in one 48-bed pilot site with designated staff members. Supervisory staff were taught a standardized direct observationalprotocol,whichwasimplementedweeklybyboth facility and research staff, to monitor defined nutritional care processes under the control of direct care staff. In addition, direct care staff received feedback on a weekly basis about care process implementation. Results: Following initial training and 12 weeks of CQI implementation, there were improvements in all 5 nutritional care processes related to the adequacy and quality of daily feeding assistance care provision according to both facility and research staff data. WeeklyCQIimplementationrequiredapproximately1 hour of supervisory staff time and less than 15 minutes of direct care staff time to receive feedback. Implications: Both initial training and weekly CQI implementation were effective and required less than 2 hours of total staff time per week. Long-term care staff in this pilot site were able to improve nutritional care quality using a standardized direct observational protocol to guide CQI activities. (J Am Med Dir Assoc 2006; 7: 480–485)


In the current context of higher education reform, there is a redistribution of academic hours, with reduced number of lectures and practical classes and increased workload for students to prepare themselves. In the training of doctors, the practical component of training remains perhaps the most important. The types of educational activities of students according to the curriculum are lectures, practical classes and students' independent work. The latter occupies an important place in the course of teaching the discipline. In order to encourage students to gain practical experience with the patient, perform scienti c work, etc., students should be encouraged to participate in the work of scienti c circles at the departments. During the preparation of the meetings of the circle and its conducting, the teacher becomes more familiar with the most active and purposeful students, who seek not only to deepen their knowledge during extracurricular time, but are involved in the implementation of scienti c work, participate in the Olympiad, prepare scienti c papers for participation in higher education all-Ukrainian competitions of scienti c works. The Student Science Circle is a fulledged, non-classroom method of student's training. The participation of students in the work of scienti c circles promotes research activities, the formation of creative abilities, the increase of general self-esteem and self-realization of students. An important condition for the formation of quality education is the development of a creative component of a specialist with the support of their cognitive activity and independence, which supports professional growth of a future doctor.


Abstract Most accounts of migration stress the economic necessity, but generally blur the role of migrants themselves in the process. It is also rare to consider male and female migrants together, or to explore the relational aspects of masculinity and femininity in migration histories. This paper explores the relational aspects of Irish ('Irish' is used throughout this article to refer to our participants who self-identified as 'Irish'. It is further noted that all of the participants were from the Republic of Ireland and hence does not include Northern Irish migrants. Where 'Ireland' is used it refers to the Republic of Ireland) migrants' residential and work histories using narrative enquiry. First, we explore the complex relationship between housing and employment in Irish women and men's stories focusing particularly on the early phase of migration. Second, we argue that these narratives, especially the 'intertwining personal, sub-cultural and cultural stories' are essential in understanding Irish migrants' experiences. Third, we posit that gender emerges as a significant factor with qualitative differences in Irish women's and men's trajectories. Our analysis focuses on the self-in-relation, housing pathways and gendered housing and employment strategies.


Purpose: to analyze the assessment of the the Government Institution Performance  Accountability Report of Bogor General Election Commissions compared to theBandung General Election Commissions which are used to measure the success of performance achievements and budget realization of a government agency torealize the principles of good governance and to understand the use ofperformance reports in improving the quality of performance in the next period.  Design/metholodology/approach: This research use qualitative approach with casestudy method in Bogor General Election Commissions and Bandung GeneralElection Commissions. Data collection use document review.Finding: The results of the assessment analysis of the Government InstitutionalPerformance Accountability Report (LAKIP) of the Bogor City KPU compared tothe Bandung City KPU showed that the achievement of the performance of theBogor City KPU and the Bandung City KPU on the strategic targets set in theperformance agreement generally achieved the targets and in accordance with the predetermined plan, but there are also activities that do not reach the target, this is due to experiencing constraints caused by several factors in the assessment processof Government Institution Performance Accountability Report (LAKIP).Originiality/value: to maintain and improve the performance achievement it needscooperation, coordination, improvement and commitment off all Bogor GeneralElection Commissions and Bandung General Election Commissions employees


The present invention provides metal alloys that comprise at least copper, zinc and aluminium and, in addition, include manganese and iron, for the production of horseshoes that have bactericidal and fungicidal properties, impeding the proliferation of bacteria and fungi specific to equines and mitigating the effects of vibration on equine joints, absorbing impacts known as "absolute shock".


At present,housing market in China has shown a non-coordinative situation that the real estate is in irrational exuberance whereas the housing security investment is obviously insufficient.It will not be conducive to resolve the prominent housing contradictions if this situation continues.This article tries to use multi-task principal-agent model proposed by Holmstrom and Milgrom(1991) to build a dual task principal-agent model which contains the central and local governments in housing market,and then analyzes the issue about how to promote the coordinated development between real estate market and housing security.According to this,a series of policy recommendations are proposed in the end.


Automated guided vehicle (AGV) is widely used in automated and intelligent logistics management system. However, the traditional AGV charging method needs long charging time and has fixed charging position that is inflexible, which shortens the effective working time of AGV and increases the working cost. In order to solve these problems, an AGV wireless power transfer (WPT) system is designed in this paper. At the temporary parking points of AGV, intermittent pulse charging is proposed to realize 24-hour operation. Then the PI-PBC passive control strategy is proposed to reduce the regulation time of the system and increase the effective charging time within each docking time, so as to transfer more power. Finally, a 1.5kw WPT simulation model of AGV system is established in PLECS. Compared with the traditional PI control strategy, the output voltage of the PI-PBC control strategy has no steady-state error, and its dynamic performance is much better than that of the PI control strategy.


Humulus scandens(Lour.)Merr was used to feed young and pregnant Rex and its feeding effects were studied. The results indicated that the body weight gain of young Rex fed with Humulus scandens Merr increased 15.05%, the ratio of feedingstuff and body weight gain decreased 11.37%; The litter size, alive heads and weaning survival rate did not give any significance. Fresh Humulus scandens Merr supplemented some concentrates increased 20.52 g/d of average body weight gain for 1.5~3.5 month rex, the highest increase was 25.60 g/d; for fertile Rex, the average litter survival size was 6.72, the average weight of birth was 54.20 g and weaning survival rate was 95.20%, the average weaning weight was 375g.


Energy levels, electric dipole transition probabilities and oscillator strengths are calculated for Si VI with the general purpose atomic‐structure program SUPERSTRUCTURE. We have also introduced a semi‐empirical correction (TEC) for the calculation of the energy levels. These atomic data are used to provide semiclassical electron‐ and proton‐impact line widths and shifts for five Si VI muliplet.


A new simple mechanism due to cold electron flow to produce strong magnetic field is proposed. A 600-T strong magnetic field is generated in the free space at the laser intensity of 5.7x10^15 Wcm^-2. Theoretical analysis indicates that the magnetic field strength is proportional to laser intensity. Such a strong magnetic field offers a new experimental test bed to study laser-plasma physics, in particular, fast-ignition laser fusion research and laboratory astrophysics.


Modern electron microscopy can generate large amounts of data. While this may reveal details of the sample in unprecedented detail, collecting more data can also obscure what's most important. In-situ experiments where data is acquired continuously further increase the data volume. In-situ experiments may also require the user to make decisions about what to do next based on the changes observed in the microscope. However, depending on the sample and the software setup, these changes are not always obvious from a default live view of the data displayed in real-time. Given the large data volume, enhanced flexibility to process and visualize data in a variety of ways is valuable, especially if this can be done in real-time to understand the changes occurring to the sample. This enables informed decision making during the experiment, increasing the chances that valuable data is collected.


Objective To estimate the efficacy of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)in the treatment of the patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema(ACPE).Method36adult patients with ACPE who were of no effect with high flow oxygen and routine drugs were treated with NIPPV by face masks.The changes of parameters in-cluding symptom,sign and arterial blood gas were observed before treatment and at thirty minutes,one hour,two hours after treatment.Results After NIPPV,thirty two of thirty six cases(88.9%)were improved significantly.Respiratory rate and heart rate became slow,moist rale of lung decreased,PaO 2 was higher(P0.01)and PaCO 2 was lower(P0.05).Four cases(11.1%)who had no response to NIPPV were converted to tracheal mechanical ventilation.Conclusion NIPPV is an effective and safe way to treat adult patients with ACPE.


It is well known that fixed orthodontic appliances increase caries risk. The aim of this study was to individualize the change in the composition of cariogenic bacteria caused by fixed orthodontic appliance. Qualitative evaluation of the level of infection with mutans streptococci was determined by analyzing samples of stimulated saliva (32 patients). The samples were taken before placement of fixed orthodontic appliance and 3 months from the beginning of therapy. Two tests were performed on each sample. The concentrations of levels of Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus were determined using a classic cultivation method, and a two-stage PCR was performed [Oho et al.: Oral Microbiol Immunol 2000 ; 15: 258– 262]. Before placement of the orthodontic appliance S. sobrinus could not be detected by either method, whereas the second test revealed its presence in 9.4% of cases using the PCR method and in 6.3% with cultivation. In the second test S. mutans was detected with the PCR method in 25% of the samples, with an increase of 9.4%, whereas the cultivation method detected its presence in 16% with an increase of 6.2%. The Spearman test showed high correlation between bacterial concentrations by the PCR and classic cultivation methods ( S. mutans  = 1.0, p ! 0.001 ; S. sobrinus  = 0.80, p ! 0.001). Three months into orthodontic therapy with a fixed appliance there were no changes in the strain of S. mutans , although there was some increase in the combined colonization of S. mutans and S. sobrinus . Detecting both species using PCR and classic cultivation is almost identical, which confirms that these microbiological tests are applicable and equally reliable in everyday practice.


The publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is expected in May 2013. Preliminary information from DSM work groups indicates that there will be substantial changes in the criteria for some diagnoses, reorganization of old and introduction of new diagnoses, and inclusion of dimensional severity ratings for most diagnoses. These changes may represent a critical challenge to disability evaluation for several reasons. First, some argue that base rates of mental disorders will concomitantly increase because individuals with less severe disorders can receive a diagnosis. Second, the reorganization of disorders, such as the neurocognitive disorders, will change the meaning and perception of functioning that we might attach to a diagnosis. Third, the proposed addition of dimensional severity ratings will provide information that was not included before and how that information is used can impact the disability determination process. The current study examines various mental disorders representative of nine broad categories based on the Social Security Administration's "Disability Evaluation Under Social Security". In order to address the question of the impact of DSM-5 on SSA's disability determination, a systematic literature review was performed. The specific changes in diagnostic criteria reveals that some disorders will have limited impact on base rates whereas others may significantly impact prevalence rates as well as conceptualizations of some disorders. Furthermore, dimensional severity ratings can provide important information regarding the extent of an individual's functional impairment and, in some cases, can significantly predict morbidity score better than the categorical diagnosis alone.


having a reflective Ag alloy thin film for reflectors which excellent surface flatness and has a high reflectivity even under a heated environment, and a reflector. The reflective Ag alloy film for reflectors has an average surface roughness of 2.0 nm or less and containing a rare-earth element (such as Nd) with a content in the range of 0.1 to 3.0 at%, or further at least one element that was selected from Au, Pd, Cu, and Pt in an amount within the range of 0.5 to 5.0 atomic%. The reflector comprises a substrate formed on the above reflecting Ag alloy film.


Ore mineral characterization and various experimental testwork were carried out on Asian Abe-Garm dolomite, Qazvin province, Iran. The testwork consisted of calcining, chemical characterization, LOI determination, and reduction tests on the calcined dolomite (doloma), using Semnan ferrosilicon. Calcining of dolomite sample was carried out at about 1400 oC in order to remove the contained CO2, moisture, and other easily volatilised impurities. The doloma was milled, thoroughly mixed with 21% Semnan ferrosilicon and briquetted in hand press applying 30 MPa pressure. The briquettes were heated at 1125-1150 oC and 500Pa in a Pidgeon-type tube reactor for 10-12 hours to extract the magnesium. Ferrosilicon addition, relative to doloma, was determined based on the chemical analyses of the two reactants using Mintek's Pyrosim software package. Magnesium extraction calculated as 77.97% and Mg purity of 96.35%. The level of major impurities in the produced magnesium crown is similar to those in the crude metal production.


Abstract : The work has been concerned with the continued exploration of various problems related to infections associated with thermal injuries. The investigations have been both laboratory and clinical and have consisted of the following: (1) A continuing study of the significance of the changing bacterial flora in severe burns. (2) Studies on the influence of the immune response upon morbidity and mortality in experimental and clinical burns. (3) Studies of the effectiveness of early excision on mortality and morbidity of burn patients. (4) Frequency, nature, and significance of the non-sporulating anaerobic bacteria and the mechanisms of synergism illustrated by these organisms in polymicrobic infections. (5) Studies of the response and natural course of the burn would in germ-free animals given a standard burn and maintained in a germfree environment. (6) Continuing clinical and laboratory studies of all burn patients treated on the surgical wards of the Cincinnati General Hospital.


The main argument of this article is that the idea of global civil society challenges the concept of international relations. It traces the evolution of the idea of society and argues that civil society has always meant a rule-governed society where rules were based on some form of social contract among citizens. Historically, civil society was always territorially tied and contrasted with international relations between states. What changed in the 1980s and 1990s was the global dimension of civil society—a social contract is being negotiated across borders establishing a set of global rules involving states as well as international institutions. The article ends by asking whether September 11 and the war in Iraq mark a reversion to international relations.


To investigate the molecular mechanism of hypoxia‐induced rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast (RASF) activation via Notch‐1 and Notch‐3 signaling, and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Static and Dynamic Security Assessment at LIPA Benchmarking the Real-Time Stability Application Practical Experience and Outlook References ]]>


Robert (Bob) Culbertson West passed away on October 12, 2022. Along with his pioneering contributions in the field of organosilicon chemistry, he will be remembered as an outstanding researcher who brought together many extraordinary talents and interests in addition to science.


The article provides information about the program developed on the basis of the Qt environment, which allows positioning the original image of an object within the field of attention in order to simplify the procedure for generating object features that are invariant to shift, change scale, and rotate its image. Provides an overview of modern methods and software tools for scaling images. The algorithm of the program and a series of computational experiments is described. During the first series, the program positions the image of a triangle within the field of attention using various scaling methods. According to the results of this series, it was concluded which method of scaling an image of an object gives the least loss of quality. In other series of experiments, the program centers and scales the images of a square and a circle inside the attention field with different sizes of the attention field (selection frame) corresponding to a single image scaling factor. Following the results of each series of xperiments, measurements of the sizes of positioned objects were carried out and the dependence of the ratio of their areas on the scaling factor was established. The difference between the maximum and minimum ratio of the coefficients for each series of experiments is calculated. On the basis of the data obtained, it was concluded that for further work with segmented objects of the scene and their positioning in the field of attention, the size of the selection frame of 256x256 pixels can be considered reference.


individuals of Small-tail Han sheep were used to study the polymorphism of serum esterase by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results were as follows: 1)Two phenotypes distribution, namely Es(+) and Es(-), were founded in the serum esterase locus ,which was controlled by two alleles Es+ and Es -in the Small-tail Han sheep examined. The Es- was a preponderant allele (0.561 3) and the Es+ was 0.438 7. 2). The gene heterozygosity was 0.4925 on the locus of serum esterase. The gene differentiation coefficient among populations was very small (0.40 %).


A way to increase the practical work with the own designed and developed components by the students are presented. The components are developed using 3-D printing systems designed and achieved by the students. These two 3D printing systems designed for the development of different components for robots and mechatronic systems to be used by the students are described. This type of system represents a low-cost way of experimenting with robots or mechatronic systems for the students. A system that facilitates experimentation plays an important role in students' training. In this way the students can design practical solutions for their projects or for competitions. The benefits of using 3D printing and computer-aided design (CAD) for practical training of the students are presented, too.


Layered video is a video compressicin technique to encode video data in multiple lay- ers. It typically consists of a base layer and add% tional layers that provide enhanced video quality. The multicasting operation of a layered video may need to satisfy: i) bounded end-to-end delay from a source to each receiver, ii) minimum total cod, and iii) minimum delay jitter between the various video streams received by the receivers. Because different nodes may request different video quality and because of limited bandwidth on the networlc's links, different layers of video data may reach their destinations over different distribution trees, and not all receivers may receive all of their requested layers. The problem of computing such data distri- bution paths is NP-complete, which means that no optimal solution method is available. This paper presents a new heuristic algorithm called LVMSR with O(Rn2) time complexity and O(R2) message complexity, where n is the number of nodes in the network and R is thereceiver group size. Our sim- ulation results show that the multicast data paths computed by our algorithm can always satisfy khe delay constraint with reasonably small total cost.


The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) began in 1975 to evaluate the effectiveness of vehicle safety technologies associated with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). By June 2014, NHTSA had evaluated the effectiveness of virtually all the life-saving technologies introduced in passenger cars, pickup trucks, SUVs, and vans from about 1960 up through about 2010. A statistical model estimates the number of lives saved from 1960 to 2012 by the combination of these life-saving technologies. Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for 1975 to 2012 documents the actual crash fatalities in vehicles that, especially in recent years, include many safety technologies. Using NHTSA's published effectiveness estimates, the model estimates how many people would have died if the vehicles had not been equipped with any of the safety technologies. In addition to equipment compliant with specific FMVSS in effect at that time, the model tallies lives saved by installations in advance of the FMVSS, back to 1960, and by non-compulsory improvements, such as pretensioners and load limiters for seat belts. FARS data has been available since 1975, but an extension of the model allows estimates of lives saved in 1960 to 1974. A previous NHTSA study using the same methods estimated that vehicle safety technologies had saved 328,551 lives from 1960 through 2002. The agency now estimates 613,501 lives saved from 1960 through 2012. The annual number of lives saved grew from 115 in 1960, when a small number of people used lap belts, to 27,621 in 2012, when most cars, light trucks, and vans were equipped with numerous modern safety technologies and belt use on the road achieved 86 percent.


We propose a new notion of positivity for topological eld theories (TFTs), based on S. Eilenberg's concept of completeness for semirings. We show that a complete ground semiring, a system of elds on manifolds and a system of action functionals on these elds determine a positive TFT. e main feature of such a theory is a semiring-valued topologically invariant state sum that satis es a gluing formula. e abstract framework has been carefully designed to cover a wide range of phenomena. We indicate how to employ the framework presented here in constructing a new di erential topological invariant that detects exotic smooth structures on spheres. Mathematics Subject Classi cation (2010). 57R56; 81T45, 16Y60.


The electron spin resonance derivative trace of irradiated polycrystalline ethyl bromide is shown. There is a lack of total symmetry in its appearance and in its distribution about the free spin value; there being much extra structure on the low field side. The trace is also very broad, the total width being approximately 400 gauss. The integrated absorption curve is also shown and evaluated. (P.C.H.)


We cooled down the electrons of a 3 μm3 copper strip by using an on-chip electronic microcooler made by a superconductor-insulator-normal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) structure. We obtained an electron temperature drop ΔT≃−10 mK at a temperature of the bath slightly above Tb=500 mK and we estimated a cooling power slightly larger than 20 pW at this temperature. In contrast to previous experiments, we obtained this result operating with a simple 3He refrigerator. The copper strip temperature change was sensed by measuring the voltage change across a current-biased SINIS junction, with a temperature responsivity ΔV/ΔT≃−500 μV/K. On-chip microcooler and thermometer have been fabricated by two-angle shadow mask evaporation and e-beam lithography.


Background: Treatment with biological response modifiers such as interferons resulted in reproducible responses in patients with renal cell carcinoma without proved benefit on survival and quality of


A novel versatile integrated optical device based on electrically controlled Bragg gratings in the lithium niobate waveguide has been designed and fabricated. This device could be very interesting for laser wavelength tuning and stabilization.


We present preliminary results of a survey of SiO masers in evolved stars carried out with the Noto radiotelescope at 43 GHz. This project is intended to be a feasibility study for successive monitoring programs to be carried out with the Noto telescope, but it is also shown how, after a comparison between the Noto and the SRT sensitivities, the advent of SRT will open new perspectives in the study of the evolutive stages of stars of intermediate masses before the transition to Planetary Nebulae.


The interaction between space (location) and the processes of accumulation (growth) is one of the most interesting and at the same time the most difficult areas of modern economic theory. The theoretical and empirical results to date are however largely unsatisfactory. In our analysis we proposed the way how to implement the space into the neoclassical Solow-Swan growth model. Territorial capital, as a specific carrier of the concept of territorial cohesion, is significantly different from the classical factors of production such as physical capital or labor input. It cannot be considered as a factor directly responsible for changes in the volume of production. However, territorial capital can have an impact on the productivity of basic factors of production such as capital and labor. Thus, when defining the function of production, we assume that territorial capital does not affect production directly, but it affects total factor productivity (TFP) indirectly, contributing to an increase in the production. In this paper we present our research findings on the contribution of various elements of territorial capital to regional growth in Poland. The study adopts a highly spatially disaggregated NUTS-4 level, i.e. counties, for which interactions and relationships of a spatial and territorial nature are particularly relevant.


Mangrove forest ecosystems resources could serve as income sources for the surrounding communities. However, the total economic value of these resources has yet to be recognized, calculated


Normal human eyes removed at autopsy with the total orbital contents were used for ultrasonographic examinations of intravitreal, intrascleral, retroscleral and intraorbital foreign bodies. These were of various sizes and materials: iron, brass, aluminium, copper, glass, plastic (polystyrene), stone (slate), cement and wood (oak), and all could be demonstrated by ultrasonography. The smallest intravitreal foreign body (of iron) measured approximately 0.2 times 0.15 times 0.1 mm, the smallest intrascleral (of iron) 0.5 times 0.4 times 0.2 mm and the smallest retroscleral (of iron) 0.7 times 0.5 times 0.25 mm. Foreign bodies in the orbit were much more difficult to detect, and had to be larger to allow proper demonstration by ultrasonography.