Moxifloxacin (MF) - resistant mutants of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) were generated by stepwise selection in increasing concentrations of MF, and six strains of MF resistant M. hominis mutants - M1, M4, M8, M16, M32, and M64 - in which MICs of MF were 0.5, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 ㎍/㎖, respectively, were generated. Compared to the sequence of M. hominis PG21, all mutants harbored amino acid substitutions of Arg-163 Thr in GyrA, and Pro-445 Gln in ParE. While the concentrations were getting higher, an additional amino acid substitution was found at Ser-153 Lys in GyrA (≥4 ㎍/㎖), Ser-91 Ile in ParC (≥16 ㎍/㎖), and Val-450 Phe (≥64 ㎍/㎖) in GyrB. These substitutions seem to have an impact on resistance to MF, and GyrB change was found only in the highest concentration and seems to be associated with high-level resistance to MF. This, as far as we know, is the first description of a relationship between MF resistance phenotype and genotype.


The total glycoalkaloid (TGA) of non-extruded potato flakes was found to be 17.2 mg/100 g of flakes on the dry weight basis. Extrusion at 70, 100, 130 and 160°C of flakes containing 59 and 48% added moisture did not result in a significant reduction of TGA. However, product containing 38% added moisture and extruded at 160° did result in lower TGA levels. Likewise, extrusion at 130° and 160° of product containing 25% added moisture also resulted in lower TGA levels. Thus, it would appear that under certain extrusion conditions, TGA is not stable.


Methods: Siddha system of medicine is the one of the earliest systems of medicine, which was practiced by our spiritual scientists. It constitutes plants, animals, metals and mineral formulations. Chooranam are fine to dry powders of drugs. Hence I have preferred to choose "Siringipaerathi Chooranam" (SPC) which is indicated for hepatoprotective activity and it was prepared as per the classical Siddha literature. The adult wistar albino rats were used for acute toxicity for 14 d and sub-acute studies for 28 d as per OECD guidelines 423 and 407. The test drug was made Suspension with 2% CMC with uniform mixing and was administered to the groups of Wistar albino rats. The drugs were orally administered to the dosage in the levels of 100, 200 and 2000 mg/dose in acute and subacute studies. The ingredients of SPC are Inji (Zingiber officinalis), Milagu (Piper nigrum), Thippili (Piper longum), Thipili moolam (Root of Piper longum), Lavanga pathiri (Cinnamomum tamala),Elam (Elettaria cardamomum), Kodiveli ver (Plumbago zeylanica), Lavanga pattai (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Moongil uppu (Bambusa arundinaceae), Sandhana thool (Santalum album), Vilamichu-ver (Plectranthus vettiveroides), Sathikkai (Myristica fragrans), Seeragam (Cuminum cyminum), Kirambu (Syzygium aromaticum), Sugar (Saccharum officinarum), Nei (Ghee).


The presence of micro-gravity space environment, high vacuum, extreme temperature, weak magnetic field and particle radiation and other factors can induce proteomics changes in bacteria, thereby affecting the biological characteristics and functions of microorganisms. Studies find that proteomics of Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium will change when induced by the space environment. The recent progress in the researches on proteomics of bacteria affected by space environment is reviewed in present paper in the hope of providing novel way for analysis of bacterial activity in space environment.


Aiming at the model uncertainties and external disturbances of the robotic systems, First regard the exterior disturbances as system input, with skew-symmetric characteristics of the robot, this paper designed a controller based on the theory of passivity, and then used the classic sliding mode control to compensate the uncertainties' influence. In order to eliminate chattering of sliding mode controller, the fuzzy control method was introduced, in which the sliding surface was regarded as the input of fuzzy controller while the output was the weight of compensation controller. Afterwards, proposed controllers were used in trajectory control of a two degrees of freedom robot. The simulation results show that the controllers can achieve tracking effect with high speed, guarantee asymptotic convergence of the tracking error to zero and enhance the robustness of the system.


SUMMARY This paper discusses the searching of full-text documents to identify paragraphs that are relevant to a user request. Given a natural language query statement, a nearest neighbour search involves ranking the paragraphs comprising a full-text document in order of descending similarity with the query, where the similarity for each paragraph is determined by the number of keyword stems that it has in common with the query. This approach is compared with the more conventional Boolean search which requires the user to specify the logical relationships between the query terms. Comparative searches using 130 queries and 20 full-text documents demonstrate the general effectiveness of the nearest neighbour model for paragraph-based searching. It is shown that the output from a nearest neighbour search can be used to guide a reader to the most appropriate segment of an online full-text document.


Music teaching method in primary schools using case methods form should emphasize on the systematization of knowledge imparting,the generalization and characteristic of case selection,the improvement and summarizing of teaching approaches,therefore we can improve the transfering effect of case methods of teaching


The data of a prevalence and etiology of main ENT infectious in children was presented in this work. The methods of choice of antibacterial medications in management of acute and chronic otitis media, acute and chronic sinusitis, acute and recurrent tonsillopharyngitis, epiglottitis were reviewed. Special accent was given to the opportunity of management of these diseases with cephalosporins and, particularly cefixime (suprax). Cefixime is peroral cephalosporin of iii generation; it combines wide range of antibacterial activity, good pharmacokinetic characteristics, favorable tolerance and comfortable application (it should be prescribed once daily). The data, obtained from many controlled trials, shows high clinical and microbiological activity of cefixime in management of ENT infections in children. Key words: children, ENT infections, cefixime, treatment.


Virtual instrumentation is a kind of technology that can improve the flexibility and expandability of measurement when applying digitized and software technology under support of computer technology and handware system.Based on the uirtual instrumentation,it can become easy to grasp the dynamic schemas and technical situation of equipments,which is conenient and with low cost.


The main objective of this paper is to compare the overall performance of two approaches which can be used to section the optic disc from fundus pictures. Glaucoma is a persistent eye disorder that reasons blindness. It is one of the most not unusual causes of blindness within the global. It results in visual impairment which cannot be regained. Although glaucoma is not curable, detection of the disease in proper time can prevent its further development. The optic disc represents the vital capabilities in a retinal photograph that can be used to diagnose certain retinal diseases. In this paper, strategies are carried out and their performances are in comparison to find the high-quality method to segment the optic disc with high accuracy. The primary approach segments the optic disc using super pixel classification technique. The second method uses level set method for segmenting the optic disc. To analyze the overall performance of these approaches, several performance metrics are used. This paper uses Precision rate, Recall rate, F-measure, Sensitivity and Specificity to analyze the performance. From the experimental outcomes it is shown that the Super pixel technique performs better than the alternative strategy.


ABSTRACT Li, X., 2020. Debt financing cost evaluation method of shipping enterprises. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 744–748. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Due to the traditional enterprise debt financing cost evaluation method, aiming at the problem of poor cost evaluation performance of shipping enterprises, this paper proposes a method to evaluate the debt financing cost of shipping enterprises. The paper divides the cost of debt financing strategy into two types: explicit and implicit. To identify the cost of the debt financing strategy of these shipping enterprises. According to the identification results of the debt financing strategy cost of shipping enterprises, the relevant variables of the debt financing cost of shipping enterprises are defined, so as to construct the debt financing strategy cost model of shipping enterprises. It includes the cost model of accounts receivable financing strategy, the cost model of inventory pledge financing strategy, and the cost model of prepayment financing strategy. Based on the debt financing strategy cost model of shipping enterprises, this paper constructs the debt financing cost evaluation model of shipping enterprises, so as to realize the debt financing cost evaluation of shipping enterprises. In order to prove that the cost evaluation performance of the debt financing cost evaluation method of shipping enterprises is better, the traditional evaluation method is compared with this evaluation method. The experimental results show that the cost evaluation performance of the debt financing cost evaluation method of shipping enterprises is better than the traditional method.


The purpose of this article is to examine the Republic of Korea's (ROK, South Korea hereafter) diplomacy mainly during the Park Geun-hye and Moon Jae-in administrations, focusing on its efforts to develop a "strategic cooperative partnership" with China while emphasizing its alliance with the US amid the intensifying strategic competition between the US and China.


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between bio-technology and bio-ethics through ecological perspectives and to find examples in...


The properties of buckwheat starch prepared in our lab by wet-milling method were investigated and were compared with those of corn starch, potato starch and tapioca starch. The results indicated that there were some differences in solubility, expansibility, anti-enzymolysis, transparency, freezing and thawing stability, gelatin, thermodynamic property and viscosity property. The buckwheat starch, as a new starch resource, has some utilization values and expansive development prospects.


Based on the principle of maximum wind energy capture,the maximum wind energy tracing below the rated wind speed can be realized by controlling the speed of Double-Fed Induction Generator(DFIG) to track the optimal speed.The variable speed constant frequency double-fed wind power system is taken as the research object and the control problem of maximum wind energy tracing below the rated wind speed is studied.Firstly,according to the characteristics of strong coupling, strong non-linearity and the complexity of mechanism model for DFIG,the intelligent predictive model is built by using Support Vector Machine(SVM).Secondly,the predictive output is revised by feedback correction and the closed control loop is structured.Finally,due to the advantages that Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm has the fewer regulated parameters, the small evolution groups and the quick calculation speed,the optimal control sequences are obtained easily and the"bottleneck problem"in the rolling optimization calculation is solved better.The simulation results validate that the adopted predictive model has better anti-disturbance and generalization abilities,and the predictive control algorithm can realize the control objects.


The effect of the coming of Islam on the condition of women has long been a subject of debate among scholars with divergent interests in the Muslim world, including Protestant missionaries, anthropologists, Muslim reformists, apologists, and feminists. The central question upon which this subject is focused has been couched in language of mutually exclusive extremes: Did Islam at its inception bring about an improvement in women's condition, or was Islam responsible for bringing about inequalities between men and women in Muslim societies? The purpose of this article is to suggest new directions for exploring the effect of Islam on women, to confront the inadequacy of the sources and methods that are presently brought to bear on the issues, and to introduce Christian sources to a debate that has been carried out within a self-contained Muslim-Arab context


The properties,functional mechanism and security of chlorine dioxide were introduced,the application situation of chlorine dioxide on vegetables fresh-keeping was summarized at home and abroad in recent years,and application prospect was discussed in the paper.


Sir, Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases and belongs to the chemical class of purine analogs. Azathioprine is commonly used in dermatology for various immunological diseases such as immunobullous disease, vitiligo, lichen planus, and alopecia areata. Synthesized originally as a cancer drug and a prodrug for mercaptopurine in 1957, it has been widely used as an immunosuppressant for more than 50 years. Azathioprine acts as a prodrug for mercaptopurine, inhibiting an enzyme required for the synthesis of DNA. Thus, it most strongly affects proliferating cells such as the T-cells and B-cells of the immune system. The main side effects of azathioprine are bone marrow suppression, which can be life threatening, especially in people with a genetic deficiency of the enzyme thiopurine S-methyl transferase.


Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis and comprehensive treatment methods for oral avermectin poisoning. Methods Eighteen patients suffering from oral avermectin poisoning that were hospitalized in the medical emergency department of our hospital from January 2010 to December 2012 were investigated and analyzed from the aspects of oral poisoning dose, admission time, clinical symptoms and signs and laboratory examination. Comprehensive rescue and treatment including gastric lavage, symptomatic and supportive treatment, ventilatorassisted breathing and blood perfusion was implemented. Results After 3 to 20 days of treatment, all 18 patients were cured and discharged from hospital. Conclusion There is no special antidote for oral avermectin poisoning currently, but gastric lavage and active comprehensive supportive and symptomatic treatment can significantly improve the clinical rescue and treatment success rate of the poisoned patients.


An apparatus for an audio signal such as a voice signal (r) tones (2) to change, comprising a sinusoidal analysis unit (21) for determining the audio signal (r) sinusoidal parameters; parameter generating unit (22) for predicting sinusoidal phase component; and a sinusoidal synthesis unit (23), for the synthesis parameters to generate the reconstructed signal (r '). Parameter generating unit (22) receiving a previous phase period for each time segment of the audio signal, in order to predict the phase of the current period.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to redesign the layout of production floor by considering lean manufacturing in order to eliminate the waste and using Block Layout Overview with Layout Planning (BLOCPLAN) algorithm to attain new layout of facilities in Indonesian home-food industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The common problems that might be appearing in home-food industry, especially in the developing countries like Indonesia are unstandardized production process and unorganized work environment which could produce the waste. One of many solutions to handle this problem is improving the work area (work station) in production floor by rearranging and designing standard operating procedure (SOP) by using lean manufacturing concept. The initial data to minimize the waste is motion time study (data) to identify production standard time. The next step is identifying the common waste(s). Meanwhile, the production floor layout used in this research is designed by using BLOCPLAN algorithm.

Findings
The recommendation of shop floor facility layout is based on identified waste, which is excess transportation. Subsequently, standard operational procedure (SOP) is developed to support the recommended facility layout as the reference for cookie production process so it can minimize the waste.

Research limitations/implications
Lean concept is one of method that is widely implemented to reduce the occurrence of defective products and waste that do not provide added value. Based on previous researches, it was found that the concept of lean manufacturing can be applied in various types of service and manufacturing industries, both large companies and small and medium enterprises. Home-food industry competition nowadays is getting intense. This condition makes the stakeholders (of home-food industry, especially in Indonesia) need high performance and productivity to keep their business stable in winning the competition. The new layout can reduce the disadvantages of actual condition.

Practical implications
This research is useful for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia especially for home-food industry. The BLOCPLAN layout (as the recommendation) has displacement moment with reduction of 40 percent.

Social implications
This research believed that it can help SMEs improve their productivity in producing cake and cookies in terms of better layout which can reduce worker movement and standardized working procedure. The design of the production facility layout is a method used to rearrange the production process area so that the distance between processes can be minimized. SOPs was provided as the direction and supervision of workers to work according to standards.

Originality/value
SOP design can support recommended layout as the reference on making the cake (product) to eliminate wastes, which are motion/movement (alternating in production process flow) and long waiting time due to process delays.


Young injectors are a group with high-risk behaviours, particularly with respect to HIV infection and hepatitis C. A leading strategy to prevent these infections could be the prevention of injection, especially among the youngest individuals. We report analyses on initiation into drug injection from a prospective cohort study of street youth conducted in Montreal, Canada. Among 118 non-injector participants under 18 years of age followed for an average of 1.31 years, we estimated an incidence rate of injection of 22.7 per 100 person-years. Independent predictors of initiation were: a lifetime history of use of ≥4 types of drugs, recent daily alcohol drinking, a recent episode of homelessness, a lifetime history of rape, and recent involvement in survival sex. The observed high rate of initiation into injection clearly indicates that interventions to prevent injection should target especially adolescent street youth. These interventions should address simultaneously individual and structural factors, such as substance abuse and living conditions.


Folklorist Norine Dresser takes a look at the vampire phenomenon in American culture. From cartoon breakfast cereal characters to real practitioners who drink human blood, vampires continue to fascinate and terrify. Illustrations.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness among the older Japanese population.

BACKGROUND
The prevalence of periodontitis is increasing in Japanese older adults. Arterial stiffness increases the risks of cardiovascular events and death, morbidity, and dementia.

METHODS
This secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study evaluated the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), reflecting the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue that was estimated by a full-mouth periodontal examination. Severe periodontitis was defined per the parameters provided by the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology. The Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) was used for measuring the overall stiffness of the artery, and higher CAVI indicated increased arterial stiffness. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness.

RESULTS
The analysis included 185 Japanese adults [35% men; age, mean (standard deviation) 80.2 (4.4) years]. The average PISA and the prevalence of severe periodontitis were 64.4 mm2 and 27.6%, respectively; 54 (29.2%), 56 (30.3%), and 75 (40.5%) participants were stratified to the CAVI < 9, 9 ≤ CAVI <10, and CAVI ≥ 10 groups, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio of the prevalence and severity of arterial stiffness evaluated using CAVI was 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.10] for PISA per 10 mm2 and 2.12 (95% CI 1.09 to 4.11) for severe periodontitis.

CONCLUSION
Periodontitis was associated with arterial stiffness among Japanese older adults. Further studies are needed to investigate whether arterial stiffness is an intermediate factor in the pathway between periodontitis and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia.


Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between physical activity level (PAL), measured with activity diary and accelerometer, among overweight and obese children and adolescent ...


The natural environment is dynamic and moving objects become constantly occluded, engaging the brain in a challenging completion process to estimate where and when the object might reappear. Although motion extrapolation is critical in daily life – imagine crossing the street while an approaching car is occluded by a larger standing vehicle – its neural underpinnings are still not well understood. While the engagement of low-level visual cortex during dynamic occlusion has been postulated, most of the previous group-level fMRI-studies failed to find evidence for an involvement of low-level visual areas during occlusion. In this fMRI-study, we therefore used individually-defined retinotopic maps and multivariate pattern analysis to characterize the neural basis of visible and occluded motion in humans. To this end, participants learned velocity-direction pairings (slow motion-upwards; fast motion-downwards or vice versa) during a training phase without occlusion and judged the stimulus direction, based on its velocity, during a following test phase with occlusion. We find that occluded motion direction can be predicted from the activity patterns during visible motion within low-level visual areas, supporting the notion of a mental representation of motion trajectory in these regions during occlusion. Highlights * Dynamically occluded information is processed in low-level visual cortex * Specific regions inside low-level visual areas encode visible and dynamically occluded information * Overlap of visible and occluded informative activity patterns in the visual field suggest shared computational circuits in primary visual cortex


Women are underrepresented in the software development labor market. Many women utilize online programming Q&A communities to gain access to technical fields. They serve as a knowledge base for informal learning and provide opportunities for individuals to exhibit credible, verifiable expertise for career advancement. However, they are often male-oriented and create barriers for women to participate and earn reputations. We develop an understanding of how male and female developers participate in the online Q&A communities and how their participation impacts their successfulness regarding reputations. Using the data from the Stack Overflow, we quantitatively examine the differences in behavior and outcomes between men and women. The results reveal significant differences in how men and women participate and how successful they are, for example, women have lower reputations on average which are mostly resulting from women and men's differences in their activities. We further discuss designing an alternative gender-neutral reputation mechanism.


The stoichiometry of fermentation was investigated in vitro with wheat and maize grains. Gas production proved to be an accurate index of VFA production and change in pH. Gas and total VFA production from wheat were strongly correlated with starch disappearance. On a stoichiometric basis, 66% of gas and 64% of VFAs produced from wheat were accounted for by starch fermentation. With maize only 18% of gas and 23% of VFAs produced were accounted for by starch disappearance. There were significant differences between grain species in rates of gas production (P triticale, oats > barley > maize > rice, sorghum. Effects of varieties and growing sites on gas production were significant with wheat, oats, maize and sorghum. With barley, only varietal effects were significant (P < 0.001). With maize and sorghum, there were significant variety by site interactions.


Fine sweet table wines of the Sauternes type owe their quality to a fungus, Botrytis
 cinerea Pers., which causes the affected grapes to, shrivel and the percentage of
 sugar per unit of volume to increase. The quantity of wine produced is relatively
 small, but its quality is proportionately high.
 Although the fungus occurs wherever grapes are grown, climatic conditions favorable
 to its development prevail in only a few limited regions in Europe. Since California
 does not provide a suitable field environment for this desirable development of B.
 cinerea, a plant experiment was designed to provide the necessary conditions of temperature
 and relative humidity. Harvested grapes were placed on wire trays and sprayed with
 an aqueous suspension of the spores of the fungus. Most favorable results were obtained
 when spraying was followed by a 1- or 2-day infection period at 68° F and 95 to 100
 per cent relative humidity, then by a dehydration period of 6 to 14 days with a temperature
 of 68° F and 50 to 70 per cent relctive humidity. Musts with Ballings of 30° to 40°
 were produced, and yields ranged from 50 to 100 gallons per ton (fresh weight).
 In California, wine production from grapes infected with B. cinerea would have to
 be carried out under carefully controlled conditions, and the output would thus be
 limited. However, the findings of this study indicate that eventually California wine
 growers may be able to add a new and desirable wine type to their present production.


An anisotype heterojunction field-effect transistor (A-HJFET) for GaAs digital integrated circuit applications is proposed. A thin, highly doped, strained In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (x<or=0.2) n-channel is employed for improved transconductance while a p/sup +/-GaAs cap is used to enhance the dynamic gate voltage range of the device. Prototype devices with 5- mu m gate lengths show a maximum transconductance of 80 mS/mm at V/sub ds/=2 V and a forward gate bias voltage of up to +2 V without significant leakage current.<<ETX>>


It is shown that the new formula for the field theory Poisson brackets arises naturally in the proposed extension of the formal variational calculus incorporating divergences. The linear spaces of local functionals, evolutionary vector fields, functional forms, multi-vectors and differential operators become graded with respect to divergences. The bilinear operations, such as the action of vector fields onto functionals, the commutator of vector fields, the interior product of forms and vectors and the Schouten–Nijenhuis bracket are compatible with the grading. A definition of the adjoint graded operator is proposed and antisymmetric operators are constructed with the help of boundary terms. The fulfilment of the Jacobi identity for the new Poisson brackets is shown to be equivalent to vanishing of the Schouten–Nijenhuis bracket of the Poisson bivector with itself.


Bean golden mosaic is a common disease that attacks bean and lima bean in Latin America. The causal virus is transmitted persistently in nature and in the laboratory by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci . The disease was first reported in Brazil in 1965 ( 1) as a minor disease of bean in the State of Sao Paulo. In the last few years, it has become a major disease of bean and is now a limiting factor hampering bean production in Brazil. Attempts to transmit Brazilian bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV-B) by mechanical inoculation have failed to enhance the transmission (I, 2, 3). In this paper, we describe the mechanical transmission and serological specificity of ~GMV-B, Puerto Rican BGMV (BGMV-P) and mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) from Thailand.


A novel fiber optic sensor is designed with mesh microbenders for simultaneous perioperative measurement of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) for infants. The feasibility of the mesh microbend fiber sensor was evaluated in ten infants, ranging from 1 to 12 months in a prospective cross-sectional observational study with the sensor placed under the subjects in the perioperative period. All the study subjects received standard intraoperative physiological monitoring of their vital signs. The high order harmonic sensing signals associated with other filtering methods are used for the removal of motion noise. The study results displayed good agreement in the measurement of HR and RR between the proposed microbend fiber sensor and the current standard physiological monitoring used in medical settings.


It is studied that a kind of communicatory model of medical image data transmission service of PACS according to the standard of DICOM 3.0. This model which lies between application layer of PACS and network interface in the bottom of TCP/IP, defines object, service and message of medical image data transmission service work based on TCP/IP.


Nowadays, the need for information is rapidly increasing, urging the development of technology to obtain reliable information. Under the scope of Smart Cities, Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) have been seen as one of the enabling technologies for the data gathering process but, the evaluation of new methods and solutions in large-scale, real world-scenarios, is a challenging and sometimes an impossible task. Thus, the need to use tools enabling the simulation of such networks arose, triggering the development of different network simulators. In this work we focus on the simulation of LoRa networks. Resorting on the LoRa network simulator mostly used in the literature, the LoRaSim, we study the impact of different propagation and the capture-effect models in the performance of a LoRa network. In addition, an extension to LoraSim is implemented, offering the capability to tweak the network on a more detailed fashion, by supporting distinguished parameters (spreading factor, bandwidth, code rate and payload) on the end-devices. Results show that when applying a well-known propagation model (Okumura-Hata) and a more realistic capture-effect on a network that emphasizes the use of orthogonality among all devices, this heterogeneity greatly increases its efficiency and quality.


It is good to know what you like early in your life; then you can accomplish much with it. Clayton White found that he liked falcons early in his life and has been traveling the world or, as he says, following "trails" ever since: "In a sense, one's life experiences are like a series of interconnected paths, or trails, each leading from the past to the future in directions that are sometimes familiar, sometimes unexpected. This book is about those trails and how I have found meaning in life's expressions" [page xxi]. It is very important to read the prologue of this book because it provides the reader with a frame of reference for the author's experiences as he presents bits, chops, chips, and flakes along the way. Oh, that we all better understood our motivations for doing the things we do each day! The lifetime of biological research summarized in the field notebook section comes out as brilliant flashes of insight scattered in the mundane movements and data recording of a field biologist's day-to-day life. This book is worth reading for those insights alone. Early on, White witnessed the decline of the Peregrine Falcon to dangerously low population numbers across broad bands of its range. He clearly admits that this decline allowed him to see the world through the eyes of this wandering bird, which is probably the most widely distributed species of terrestrial vertebrate on earth. His own peregrinations for this wandering bird have taken him nearly from pole to pole. From Alaska and the Aleutians to Argentina, Australia, the Amazon, central Asia, and Fiji, White has literally gone to land's end to understand this bird on its own cliffs. In all these travels, Alaska clearly holds a special place in White's psyche. Perhaps the interconnected trails he speaks of earlier converge there, as do the ranges of several of the Peregrine Falcon subspecies that he loves. Others might have found professional, parsimonious, and efficient satisfaction by learning of relatedness from tubes of tissue in a laboratory. White first went to the birds on the cliffs, riverbends, and islands where he filled the tubes; then he sought secondary confirmation (or sometimes refutation) of his ideas about phylogeny, ecology, and life history from the lab-bench sequencers and computer simulators. He experienced the search in real time and space, and loved the research at scales not relevant to day-to-day encounters, but informative in a reductionist modality. He sought out collaborators for his field research and for the lab work as well. A thoughtful reading of his sections labeled "Side Trips" and "Postscripts" will give you access to White's aesthetic, earned by working both with falcons and with an amazingly wide variety of people. Because he worked with such a high-profile conservation icon as the Peregrine Falcon, White can also speak of dealing firsthand with politicos and decision-makers. He pulls few punches in noting the relative intelligence and honesty of the various players with whom he rubbed shoulders during his quest to help the falcons recover from decline. And amid all this self-interest, bias, and fervor, White concludes that the amazing return of the Peregrine Falcon from the brink of annihilation to the brink of building cornices and far-flung cliffs worldwide may have simply been a natural event, not necessarily mediated by the watchful care, which scientists predicted would be needed based on results from countless surveys, artificial rearings, and transplantations. However, it is quite clear that he would agree with a paraphrasing of Thomas Jefferson that "the price of free falcons is eternal vigilance." By carefully watching the individual components of the living world, namely species, we will gain confidence (and inspiration) that we will see positive changes, which will indicate that more efforts such as White's are needed. Read the book.


Interference cancellation is an important issue since the coverage and capacity in the uplink are mainly interference limited. The interference from the own cell can be mitigated by multiuser detection. However, there does not exist a powerful interference cancellation technique for the interference from neighboring cells, the intercell interference. This work proposes a technique for combating the intercell interference. Since base-stations in wireless systems are connected through a backbone network, we propose the exchange of information through the network between the base-stations, in order to help each other in the detection of the signals. We present several strategies how this could be performed. Especially, we propose an iterative way for reducing the intercell interference: The Turbo Base-Station Cooperation. Simulation results show remarkable gains, especially in the presence of a strong interferer.


Jensen's first page that Little Crosby is near Chester pulls the modern reader up short—the village lies to this day north of the estuary of the Mersey in the region strongly identified as 'Catholic Lancashire'. Which identification make much sense of several of the phenomena discussed in this essay: the level of support which the recusant squire could command locally and among the Lancashire gentry, as in the episode of the 1624 fracas at Inceblundell, despite his sufferings at times of coordinated national persecution. It quite possibly casts a different complexion on the burial of a recusant in Cross Lane near to a surviving stone cross. It connects Blundell more securely even than his Douai education does, to a nexus of lively recusant thought about the past which would encompass such phenomena as likenesses of Saxon Royal Saints displayed in English exiled houses in Lisbon and Seville, drama and relic cults focused on the figure of Chad as the indigenous saint who conformed to Rome, even Saxon names in the recusant community. Even so, this article draws welcome attention to the whole rich phenomenon, on which much work remains to be done, of recusant collecting, and of the Reformation as a direct stimulus in all communities to the collection of the British past.


Sm 5 Fe 17 melt-spun ribbons exhibited low coercivity and partly or mostly consisted of the amorphous phase. Annealing of Sm 5 Fe 17 melt-spun ribbon resulted in the formation of the Sm 5 Fe 17 phase. The annealed Sm 5 Fe 17 melt-spun ribbon exhibited a high coercivity. It was found that the addition of B to the Sm 5 Fe 17 alloy resulted in the promotion of the Sm 2 Fe 14 B phase. Annealed Sm 5 Fe 17 B x (x = 0.5) melt-spun ribbons consisted of the Sm 5 Fe 17 phase together with the Sm 2 Fe 14 B and SmFe 2 phases. On the other hand, annealed Sm 5 Fe 17 B x (x = 1.0-1.5) melt-spun ribbons consisted of the Sm 2 Fe 14 B and SmFe 2 phases without the Sm 5 Fe 17 phase. The resultant Sm 5 Fe 17 B x (x = 1.0-1.5) melt-spun ribbons still showed a coercivity of around 2 kOe. The annealed Sm 5 Fe 17 melt-spun ribbon exhibited a high coercivity over 25 kOe and a remanence of 40 emu/g, whereas the annealed Sm 5 Fe 17 B 1.0 melt-spun ribbon exhibited a high remanence of 65 emu/g and a coercivity of 2.0 kOe.


The article deals with topical issues of training of students in military schools. The results of investigation of the educational process depends on the overall state modernization of higher education and other circumstances of social and military practice.


This study investigates the hypothesis that stricter capital adequacy requirements introduced under the 1988 Basel Accord caused Japanese banks to restrict loan growth. Using a panel of Japanese bank balance sheets for fiscal years 1982-1999, this study finds that the 1988 Basel Accord regulation requiring international banks to hold a BIS (Bank for International Settlements) capital to risk-weighted asset ratio of at least 8% increased the sensitivity of total loan growth to capitalization for international banks in Japan. A similar, but quantitatively smaller, finding is reported for a group of "switcher" banks that initially pursued the 8% BIS capital adequacy requirement following the signing of the Basel Accord in 1988, but then later switched to pursue a domestic 4% MOF (Ministry of Finance) capital adequacy requirement. Domestic banks, which were subject to the 4% MOF capital adequacy requirement for the entire post-Basel period, show no evidence of increased sensitivity of lending to capitalization in the post-Basel period.


Clopidogrel, a thienopyridine, is an antiplatelet drug which currently represents the cornerstone for the treatment of acute coronary events. It is a pro-drug that must be converted at hepatic level into its active form by the CYP2C19 isoenzyme. Recently the interaction between proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel has been widely brought to attention. The competitive inhibition that these generate on the hepatic enzymatic system probably activates clopidogrel, thus causing a decrease in its effectiveness as an antithrombotic. Nevertheless, evidence is contradictory, and until now no clinical trials have been performed to clear up doubts. If a PPI is to be used on patients who take clopidogrel, the use of Pantoprazole or Esomeprazole is recommended because they exert minimal inhibition on CYP2C19.


This scientific commentary refers to 'The ease and sureness of a decision: evidence accumulation of conflict and uncertainty', by Mandali et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awz013).


The Primary School implements the Student Monitoring Information System, which is used for communication between the teacher and parents of students regarding student learning. This study analyzes the successful implementation of the Student Monitoring Information System and what factors need to be improved. The method used in the research is the DeLone and McLean Information System Success Model. The results of this study indicate the percentage of successful implementation of the Student Monitoring Information System, including assessment of system quality, information quality, service quality, usage, user satisfaction and net benefits. Overall, the implementation of the Student Monitoring Information System was declared successful, with 90% of respondents agree strongly, 6% of respondents agree, and 4% quite agree with the implementation of the Student Monitoring Information System.


Objective To study the role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the mechanisms of Fas, Fas ligant (FasL) and Bcl 2 regulating apoptosis in the process of congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods Animal model of myocardial infarction (MI) was inflicted by ligating the left coronary artery of male Wistar rats for 2, 4, and 8 weeks respectively, and the rats with sham operation served as control. Hemodynamics, ventricular remodeling parameters, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and expressions of Fas, FasL and Bcl 2 mRNAs and proteins were investigated in the experimental and control animals. Results In the rats with ligation for 4 and 8 weeks, their mean arterial pressure and ±dp/dtmax were in a progressive falling, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the ratio of right ventricular weight/body increased. After MI, apoptosis index was increased, expressions of mRNA and protein of Fas and FasL were gradually up-regulated, and expression of Bcl 2 were decreased. Conclusion Myocyte apoptosis may play a pivotal role in the incidence and progression of CHF. The over expression of Fas and FasL, and the suppression of Bcl 2 induce signaling pathways of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.


In 2005, KISA, ETRI, and Korea University make lightweight and energy efficient block cipher named HIGHT. It"s lightweight-characteristic makes it possible to applicate it to resource constrained environment such as RFID and USN. In this paper, we suggest the method of implementing HIGHT in hardware, and show the result of implementation.


Allosamidin (1) was converted to demethylallosamidin (2) and didemethylallosamidin (3) by a reaction with methylamine and ammonia, respectively. In the same way, a series of N-monoalkyl derivatives was prepared from 1 and 2. A variety of 6- and 6"-O-acyl derivatives of 1 was also prepared by chemically selective acylation. The inhibitory activity of each of these derivatives on chitinases originating from insects and fungi showed that a monomethylaminooxazoline or dimethylaminooxazoline structure was important for strong activity, and that the 6"-O-acyl derivatives of 1 each retained relatively high activity.


We show that the intracavity detector-VCSEL performance depends critically on the relative alignment of the Fabry-Perot wavelength and the quantum-well absorber band edge. By strategic design, we obtain well-matched behavior of the internal and external detectors-up to 5 times threshold. Comprehensive modeling agrees with experimental results.


The technology research on manganese zinc ferrite preparation progress was reviewed,mainly including the traditional solid method,the chemical co-precipitation method,the hydrothermal technique,the sol-gel method and auto-combustion method. The principle and applications of these methods have been discussed,the advantages and drawbacks have been analyzed. Among these,the chemical co-precipitation method,the sol-gel auto-combustion method have been widely used. The hydrothermal technique and microemulsion method have important applications in the preparation of nanometer manganese zinc ferrite crystal and related functional materials. The analysis shows that the manganese zinc ferrite preparation needs to be further improved. The manganese zinc ferrite and conductive polymer composites,preparation manganese zinc ferrite with the external magnetic field? shall be further investigated in future.


Naomi Shihab Nye's voice is among the most passionate, tender, and instructive for our times. Yet a surprising gap exists between Nye's national and international popularity among high school teachers and young adult readers and the dearth of academic attention to her work. The few critics who focus on her writings do not comment on her overtly political post-9/11 poetry, despite the fact that Nye's voice assumes an urgency as it speaks to our twenty-first-century world--one in which fear, divisions, and violence threaten the human community. In particular, Nye's collection You & Yours (2005) contains some of her most poignant poetical responses to violence in the Middle East such as the US invasion of Iraq and Israel's offensive against civilians in Gaza and the West Bank. With this volume, Nye joins the ranks of contemporary American women writers of Arab and Asian descent who engage with, subvert, mold, and transform the theme of war in mainstream US literature. Articulating her political vision through a feminist "aesthetic of smallness" that positions itself against the aesthetic of the sublime, Nye counters the ideology that undergirds mainstream visual and verbal representations of war in the Middle East. The paradox is that in deploying an aesthetic of smallness to counter the military sublime, Nye's poetry articulates a countersublime of universal human connectivity for our times. Nye draws on varied cultural traditions that acknowledge her multifaceted identity; as Texan, Arab, and American, she is positioned to discern the connections among disparate groups of people. As Theresa Johnston notes, "These days, [Nye] feels an added sense of responsibility.... Nye has decided it's her duty to help American youngsters see the good side of the Middle East and to help kids in other lands see the good side of America" (20). While Nye places great hope in the world's youth, her self-imposed task also focuses on the rest of us. A year after 9/11, she stated: "All of us who have a loving connection to the Middle East have a responsibility to represent parts of the culture ... to counter the bad news." She adds, "All of us, whoever we are, we're all in positions as human beings to bridge things" (qtd. in Ackerman-Haywood A4). This desire to be a human bridge, brokering empathy among cultures and understanding among nations, informs Nye's literature for children and adults and assumes a political edge in the post-9/11 era. Nye considers poetry an especially apt vehicle for such brokering: "We must keep reading poetry with renewed vigor, for courage and hope. Poetry, the most intimate form of expression, gives us a deeper sense of reality than headlines and news stories ever could" (qtd. in Woolley 14). When the current war with Iraq loomed as a possibility, she told one reporter, "I think the U.S. and Iraq should have a poetry symposium for about a month. If you recognize each other's humanity, you change things" (qtd. in Ackerman-Haywood A4). Her belief in the power of poetry and art to enable empathy has fueled such projects as her edited volume This Same Sky (1996), an anthology of international poems for young people. Further, she recognizes the need not only to listen to others, but also to articulate the poetry within and around us. In an article titled "Abilene, Oh Abilene," Nye protests budget cuts that have resulted in fewer art lessons for schoolchildren. She asks, "If we don't have encouragement learning how to express what we feel, how will we feel?" (11). The question implies what she has stated explicitly elsewhere: that art and poetry preempt destructive emotions and physical violence. (1) Nye's poetry connects cultures and countries through emphasis on the small and the ordinary, insisting on the mundane and the everyday to stress human connections. A sense of shared humanity enables empathy, which renders violence against one another irrational, homicidal, and self-destructive. …


During research on the production of human α-interferon (α-IFN) in silkworms using a baculovirus, Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), as a vector, the expression of approximately 5.0 × 107 U/ml of α-IFN in the haemolymph was attained. In order to obtain a much higher level of expression, we paid special attention to the role of the sequence between the promoter and the translation start site of the polyhedrin gene, and found that deletion of the sequence led to depression of the expression. We therefore tried to improve the cloning vector. By means of the in vitro mutagenesis technique, a cloning vector retaining this sequence and having various restriction enzyme sites between the promoter and the terminator of the polyhedrin gene was constructed. Using this vector, a transfer vector was constructed in which the polyhedrin structural gene was replaced by human α-IFN, and recombinant viruses were prepared. When silkworms were infected with the recombinant viruses, about 1.9 × 108 U/ml of IFN w...


This Third Edition of the Standards for Academic and Professional Instruction in Foundations of Education, Educational Studies, and Educational Policy Studies is presented to the educational community by the American Educational Studies Association's (AESA) Committee on Academic Standards and Accreditation (CASA). The Standards were first developed and published in 1977-1978 by the American Educational Studies Association, and the Council of Learned Societies in Education (CLSE) assumed proprietorship and responsibility for dissemination and advocacy of the Standards following adoption of the document by each of its member societies in the early 1980s. In 1986, the original Standards were republished with a new introduction by CLSE and was widely circulated at colleges of education, state departments of education, and national accreditation agencies. In response to development in the field of teacher preparation, licensure, and assessment, the standards were revised, resulting in the publication of the Second Edition of the Standards published in 1996 by CLSE.


Atlantic lowland heath (ALH) is a priority conservation habitat in Western Europe, but restoration efforts have met with mixed success due to the complexity associated with replicating establishment conditions. By virtue of their impoverished, often acidic soils and geographic location in areas naturally occupied by ALH communities, former kaolinite mine sites may offer an excellent opportunity for heathland restoration. Using a chronosequence of former open cast kaolinite mines in South West England (0, 2, 27, and 150 years since mining ceased), we determined the ability of ALH vegetation and soils to reestablish naturally and in addition, for the three youngest sites, how the reinstatement of stored overburden affected heathland regeneration. Analysis of soil characteristics revealed major differences in the levels of acidity, organic content, and fertility between abandoned kaolinite sites and a nearby natural reference heath. Even 150 years after mining ceased, concentrations of all major soil nutrients and organic content were lower, and pH higher, than undisturbed ALH. The reinstatement of overburden did little to improve soil quality, since all former kaolinite sites were dominated by mesotrophic grasses, rather than species characteristic of the target ALH community. We conclude that to maximize the potential of former open cast kaolinite sites for ALH reestablishment, changes in pre‐ and postrestoration management are required. These include modification of how overburden is stockpiled, while the addition of organic material, microbial communities, and sulfur (to reduce soil pH) to reinstated overburden are likely also essential interventions to facilitate successful ALH establishment.


PURPOSE: A method for setting preferred channel and an apparatus doing the same are provided to check the selected number of the selected channel in a predetermined period of time and to set the preferred channel according to the checked result. CONSTITUTION: A method for setting preferred channel includes four steps. At the first step(201), information on selected channels in a predetermined period of time is recorded. At the second step(202), frequency of the channel is calculated for each channel. At the third step(204), a predetermined number of frequent channels are set according to the output of the second step. At the forth step(205), the predetermined number of frequent channels are set automatically, and displayed on a program guide in a manner different from other channels.


Abstract : The Islamic Republic of Iran is now perceived by many as a rising power in the Middle East and a long-term challenge to U.S. regional interests. The fall of Iran's archenemy, Saddam Hussein, has enabled it to expand its influence in Iraq and beyond. Its nuclear program continues relatively unabated, with the Islamic Republic defying international condemnation and sanction to pursue an ostensibly civilian nuclear program -- a program that could, technically, provide Tehran with a "breakout" capacity for nuclear arms, if it is not already a cover for a dedicated military effort. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has fueled the fire through his inflammatory rhetoric about the United States, its allies in the Persian Gulf region, and his systematic denial of the Holocaust. The presidential election in June 2009 presents yet another cause for U.S. and Western concern. Yet the U.S. ability to gauge the extent and totality of the challenges posed by Iran is handicapped by the lack of official relations between the two states since 1980. Moreover, observers of the Iranian regime, both within Iran and abroad, often lament the opacity of Iranian decision making processes, which presents serious impediments to those observers trying to understand the Iranian system and the policies it produces. U.S. policy makers need both a more complete picture of the driving characteristics of the Iranian regime and a framework to formulate effective policies for securing U.S. interests vis-a-vis the Islamic Republic. The objective of this book is to offer a framework to help U.S. policy makers and analysts better understand existing and evolving leadership dynamics driving Iranian decision making. The research herein provides not only a basic primer on the structure, institutions, and personalities of the Iranian government and other influential power centers, but also a better understanding of the strategic culture underlying Iranian policy formulation and execution.


China's mobile service markets are undergoing rapid growth and continuous transformation. Especially facing incoming 3G era, firms in other sector are pushing into this market and altering the value chains. In this study, we try to explain how actors in this market utilize strategy of merges and acquisitions (M&A) to consolidate their place, and how these activities reconstruct the mobile service value chain. This paper presents a multi-case study by utilizing main actors' M&A events, to describe the transformation of mobile service market and to illustrate the links between transformation and actors' strategies, as well as other factors like regulation, technological change.


technical assessment of physical education is an important way of evaluation,we assessed the most common assessment is based on the subjective judgments of the people to carry out a quantitative assessment in order to put down the impact on the outcome of the objectivity and accuracy of this article based on fuzzy comprchensive evaluation The basic principles of physical education and technical assessment carried out in the application so that the results of the evaluation to show more objectivity and in line with the actual situation and at the same time so that the results of the assessment from quantitative to qualitative assessment of that.


Text categorization as the technological foundation is applied in such as information filtering,information retrieval,search engine,text database.Traditional pattern recognition methods deal with issues with the accurate model,it is difficult to have a good showing against the non-linear problem.The support vector machine has good performance in the dimension disaster,and has good applications in small samples.This thesis focuses on research of test categorization,and tests the methods applied in the telecom domain.Experimental results indicate that the method is very promising.


In the third year of her PhD at Cambridge, Myfanwy Hill dipped into her skills toolbox to see what competences she has and what she still needs. So, with one eye on the newly fashionable 'portfolio career', and one eye on the unachieved goals on her bucket list, she signed up to teach undergraduate veterinary and medical students


The physical-metaphysical theory proposed by Leibniz, probably has as a function to claim the concept and the role of God within the world, to assign him a place as a logical entity that contributes with his decrees and reflections to create the best of possible worlds, this is, the richest in phenomena and brief in hypothesis. Dynamic science also brings with it the advent of a new concept of substance that will resist the passive categories or atomistic postulates that impregnate everywhere the physics of the seventeenth century and see the mathematical model as the ultimate explanation of reality. It can also be added that dynamic science irreparably contributes to reconcile the efficient causes with the final ones, working in this way a knowledge that transcends the material and sensory properties. That is why Leibniz is partially distanced from those physical ones that are based and sustain exclusively in the mechanistic postulates, as Leibniz himself affirms "From these axioms it seems that one day the restored and reformed system of an intermediate philosophy can be born between the philosophy of the forms and the materialism, combining them and conserving them properly to each other "(Leibniz, 2009, page 461) From all the above it can be inferred that the physical theory proposed by Leibniz drinks from two currents. These currents are: the geometry, with regard to the analysis of the extension or impenetrability, and the dynamics, in relation to the active principle within the matter. In turn, these sciences are subordinated to arithmetic and metaphysics. This classification is also important insofar as it reveals another break point in front of Cartesian physics. The body ceases to be understood as an essentially geometric or substantial reality; which does not indicate that for the understanding of this geometry should be ignored. In the body are assimilated in a perfect way the active and the passive, the matter and the form. Now, why was not the physics proposed by Leibniz in the seventeenth century accepted? Why was this physics elusive to its contemporaries? I wish to answer the question just raised based exclusively on anecdotal facts, in other words, I wish to put the most relevant personal events in Leibniz's life at the service of the present investigation, without neglecting under any circumstances of the chronological space chosen to carry out this study Much of the scientific and philosophical postulates that were in peak around the seventeenth century can be grouped perfectly around the mechanistic theory, proof of this are the systems of Hobbes and Descartes. Another aspect that the scientific systems of that century have in common is the appropriation of the mathematical method as privileged knowledge, proof of which are the theoretical constructions of: Galileo, Kepler, Descartes and Newton among others. Under the intellectual framework described above appears the figure of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, a man who, as we have already seen, subordinates the mechanism to metaphysics and revives the discredited substantial forms.


The structure of glasses, melts, and supercooled melts in the system BaO-SiO 2 with BaO/SiO 2 =0.367 has been investigated in situ with Raman spectroscopy from 25 to 1669°C. For this purpose a technique has been developed that integrates confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy with a microheating stage that fits on the sample stage of a petrographic microscope. The temperatures are precise to ±4°C and accurate to 5-10°C. The excited volume is ∼1μm in diameter by 20-50μm in depth


This paper introduces the ceramic materialsfusion method to use porcelain crucible insteadof platinum crucible. By this method, not only thefunds can be saved, but also the operation becomessimple and the analysed results are accurate andreliable. On the other hand, the high fusion pointmaterials, such as high aluminum ceramic raw ma-terials, can also be melted and their aluminumcontents can be determined by this method. Thus, itcan be widely used in the students laboratory androutine analysis of small and middle industrialenterprises.


As systems become more complex, the need to explicitly account for uncertainty during modeling and simulation grows. The interactions between assumptions made in modeling different subsystems may greatly affect system behavior. Unless these assumptions are quantified and included in the simulation, results can be misleading or even completely wrong. Piecewise linear (PL) modeling is proposed as a method for quantifying the uncertainty in a model. With PL models, sets of models with varying amounts of uncertainty are easily developed. Robust simulation is then used to account for uncertainty during analysis. Also, robust simulation allows dynamic selection of models. Through the use of PL modeling and robust simulation, unexpected model interaction can be predicted. These techniques are demonstrated on three simple illustrative examples. A model library is developed for a saturation. This saturation is then used in a feedback system, and the simulation results of various models are examined. A final example demonstrates the benefits of changing model accuracy during simulation.


A surgical incision causes a scar which can lead to functional, cosmetic and psychologic problems. Scar tissue can be distinguished from normal skin by an abnormal colour, different thickness, decreased pliability, contraction or expansion of its surface area [1]. Multiple factors lead to typical features of a scar. These include location, size, aetiology, suturing techniques, suture material, wound care, wound healing, and individual's race, age, and genetic predisposition [2]. The number of hair restoration surgeries is increasing every year [3]. The aesthetically performed hair restoration procedure has two components; the first is the natural angle and strategic distribution of hair in the recipient area and the second is the minimally visible scar resulting from the strip closure. Traditionally various methods of wound closure are mentioned which include single-layer closure, double-layer closure, the staples etc. [4-6]. Other factors like trichophytic closure (one-margin or double-margin) also help to minimize the scar width which is proportionate to the tension on the scar edges [4]. Although various suture materials have been compared but no study to date has been conducted in the same patient using single-layer (non-absorbable) and doublelayer (deep absorbable and superficial non-absorbable suture) closure [5-7]. The following study was conducted to know the difference between single and double-layer closure. Muhammad Ahmad


The article discusses the role of strategy map in managing university. The strategy map is main element of Balanced Scorecard, a concept that translate the strategy to operational task. The strategy map shows relations between the strategic objectives (hypotheses) established in the four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes and development The article presents the example of practical use of the strategy map in the process of developing strategy of UMCS.


The structure of the conduction and valence bands near the Brillouin-zone center has been calculated for the II-IV-${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$ chalcopyrite compounds by using a model obtained by adding an anisotropic crystal potential to the Hamiltonian of the Kane model for III-V compounds. The model, reuiring only four readily obtainable parameters, is applied to CdGe${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ to calculate effective masses and intervalence-band absorption cross sections. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental values.


All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. From causal thinking to wisdom and spirituality : some perspectives on a growing research field in adult (cognitive) development Kallio, Eeva


Reputation Based Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks(RFSN) represent soft security mechanisms that complement traditional information security mechanisms. RFSN can prevent malicious of data from internal adversaries or faulty nodes. In this paper we add a new architecture called Trust-Holding-Agent (THA) to build a new Trust Framework model (RASN) improve on RFSN. The new framework model will be more suitable for wireless sensor networks. In addition, RASN is effective in resisting the On-Off Attack. The simulation results and analysis show that our scheme not only can fast detect the malicious nodes of On-off attacks, but also have incentive and punitive mechanism. Keywords-Wireless Sensor Networks; Reputation; Bayesian Formulation; Revision Algorithm; On-off Attacks


An ontology mapping approach based on set relation theory and OCL is introduced,then an ontology mapping meta-model is established which is composed of ontology related elements,mapping related elements and definition rule related elements.This ontology mapping meta-model can be regarded as a unified mechanism to realize different kinds of ontology mappings.The powerful computation capability of set and relation theory and the flexible expressive capability of OCL can be used in the computation of ontology mapping meta-model to realize the unified mapping among different ontology models.Based on the mapping meta-model,a general mapping management framework is developed to provide a common mapping storage mechanism,some mapping APIs and mapping rule APIs.


From the volumetric point of view, aggregate is the most important ingredient in any kind of concrete. It is impossible to use raw soil instead of aggregate to produce concrete. There are numerous reasons for not using soil for concrete production on Earth, and we should not use lunar soil for concrete production on the Moon for the same reasons. Nevertheless, almost all developed lunar concrete-like composites, such as sulphur or polymeric concretes, are based on raw lunar soil. In the research programme, cement composite based on lunar aggregate simulant was tested. The mechanical fracture properties of the composite were the key point of interest. It was proven that the tested lunar concrete is characterized by stable and uniform properties. The obtained results were compared with the properties of other ordinary cement composites.


Medicinal plant resources have very high application value. In recent years, with the continuous development of Chinese traditional medicine industry, medicinal plant resources have also been developed and utilized to a certain extent, but there are still many in the specific development process. The problem is that it is difficult to meet the specific needs of the society, and directly affects the utilization rate of medicinal plant resources and the application effect. This paper mainly analyzes the status quo and development of medicinal plant resources.


e20528 Background: Instituting platinum based chemotherapy in elderly population is often associated with poor tolerance and attending toxicities. We present our limited center experience of chemotherapy in the geriatric population group. Methods: This is a retrospective single center experience of all registered patients in lung cancer clinic (LCC) in the department of medical oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, AIIMS. All histopathologically proven cases of NSCLC with age more than 70 years who received platinum based chemotherapy (single/doublet) with complete patient records were analysed. The study was carried out between November 2016 and August 2018.Data was analysed using STATA v13. Results: The cohort consisted of 25 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Males comprised 84%(n = 21) of the cohort. Median age of study population was 72.7 years years (Range 70-84). 36%(n = 9) of the study population had one comorbidity while 8% (n = 2) had multiple comorbidities. 68% (n = 17) of the cohort were smokers. ECOG(Eastern cooperative oncology group) PS (performance status) 1 was seen in 48% (n = 12) and PS 2 in 32% (n = 8) and PS 3 in 16% (n = 4) respectively of the patients. Histopathologically, 48% (n = 12) of the population constituted squamous cell carcinoma while 40%(n = 10) had adenocarcinoma. 76%(n = 19) patients had Stage 4 NSCLC. Most common chemotherapy regimes used were weekly Paclitaxel carboplatin (n = 11, 44%), three weekly paclitaxel carboplatin (n = 8 , 32%) Pemetrexed carboplatin (n = 5, 20%) and gemcitabine carboplatin (n = 1, 4%). Only 12% (n = 3) could complete more than 4 cycles of chemotherapy and 3 could receive maintenance chemotherapy. Best responses according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) criteria v1.1 achieved were complete response in 12%(n = 3), partial response in 16% (n = 4), stable disease 24%(n = 6) and progressive disease in 48%(n = 12). Most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events according to CTCAE (common terminology criteria for adverse events) v4.03 were mucositis 29.17%(n = 7), diarrhea 12% (n = 3), peripheral neuropathy 12.5 (n = 3) and hematological toxicity 16%(n = 4). Conclusions: The patient number in this study cohort is limited.However, our experience demonstrates that abbreviated therapy in elderly subgroup is fairly well tolerated. Various tools like comprehensive geriatric assessment need to be utilized to provided tailored therapy in the elderly subgroup. A prospective study is required to address the efficacy and toxicity profile of chemotherapy in this select population.


This paper discusses the trend of construction industry of China, hard and longterm characteristics for propelling the implementation of partnering model in China, and the fundamental steps of promoting the partnering, which include: setting the standards of partnering, choosing the appropriate partners and projects, and spreading partnering ideas among all the partners. It presents the gradual improvement tactics of the partnering which consist of the application of partnering from the single construction project to the multiple construction project, from the project partnering to the strategic partnering, from the single construction phase to the process that embodies the construction phase and the design phase, and finally to the whole life of construction project.


The stiffness of the bonded rubber cylinders which is simple in structure was analyzed by using formula and FEA.Three different vehicle elastomeric components were analyzed by FEA and experiment,embodied FEA's feasibility and superiority in this area of design.


In this article we present some episodes of history of the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons in the Pescara Basin (Abruzzo region, Central Italy) during the 20th century.The Tocco da Casauria oil district of this basin have one of the the longest history of exploration and production of hydrocarbons in Italy. Also today this area, together with the nearby Alanno-Scafa area, represents an important calibration for geoscientists to evaluate the hydrocarbon residual potential in the whole region.The history of this oil province, the activities of the first entrepreneurs, geologists and the companies that led to the development of a modern industry in the area are a significant example of the process of transformation and modernization of the national oil system experienced in Italy along the 20th century.The title of this article is inspired by the Istituto LUCE news clip of 7th October 1955 celebrating with emphatic words the discovery of crude oil in the subsurface of the Abruzzo region.


It is demonstrated that sequential resonance assignments can be obtained from (13C,13C) correlation spectroscopy on a uniformly labeled protein under magic angle spinning. The experiment relies on weak (C′,Cα) coupling conditions using a defined range of MAS rates and can be employed at arbitrary magnetic field strength.


Global university rankings have always been associated with international political and economic conflicts. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic there were signs that scientific and academic globalism was breaking down. The pandemic, the various measures taken to combat it, and military and ideological conflicts have led to the breakdown of international academic cooperation, the formation of very different research complexes, and the development of new regional ranking systems.


In this work, we present the ground deformation analysis of the Italian Peninsula carried out via the Sentinel-1 (S-1) Parallel Small BAseline Subset (P-SBAS) approach. In particular, we generate surface deformation time-series and the corresponding mean deformation velocity maps by considering the overall archive of S-1 data acquired from both ascending and descending orbits during the March 2015 - December 2018 period. Moreover, we perform a large-scale comparison of the retrieved results with the deformation measurements of the available GPS stations deployed on the Italian territory and provided by the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA (UNR-NGL). Finally, we properly combine the ascending and descending deformation time-series in order to compute the vertical and east-west components of the retrieved surface displacements. The achieved results demonstrate the capability of the P-SBAS processing chain to efficiently process large S-1 datasets to investigate ground deformation dynamics of large portions of the Earth surface.


Atmospheric sulfur oxides exist in chemically complex particulates of the respirable size range. Inhalation of these particulates represents a potential health hazard. This report provides the results of a series of experiments into the uptake of sulfate salts by the lung, the interaction of sulfate salts with specific hormonal systems in the lung and the potential interrelations between sulfate and heavy metal aerosols as they might exist in the environment. The data reported describe for the first time the uptake and elimination kinetics of sulfate ion in mammalian lungs. The release of histamine by sulfate salts is demonstrated as a potential mechanism of action and as a means by which the varying potency of different chemical salts of sulfuric acid may be explained. These studies illustrate that sulfate aerosols can not be considered independent of the other inorganic compounds found in respirable particles.


The calyx of the Tridax procumbens L. was found to contain galactose specific lectin. The lectin was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and was found to have molecular weight of 23 kD. The lectin agglutinated papain treated erythrocytes of human blood group 'A' 'B' and 'O', rabbit and other animals. The lectin was stable between pH 4 to 12 for agglutination. The lectin did not require any metal ion for agglutination, but inhibited by Hg++ ions. The agglutination was inhibited by α D galactose (0.1M) and galactose derivatives. It was found to exhibit α and β galactosidase activities. The result showed clearly the presence of lectin and galactosidase activities by the same molecule indicating the protein to be bifunctional in nature.


quantum well (QW) heterostructures [1{3].The strain-induced valence band splitting in Ge/GeSi structures decreases theefiective masses of two-dimensional holes and the binding energies of conflnedacceptors compared with those in bulk Ge, in contrast to the donors whose bindingenergy is known to increase due to additional conflnement of the wave functionby the QW potential. In this paper, we employ the newly developed technique [3]to distinguish between difierent type shallow acceptor centers contributing to themagnetoabsorption in the THz range in Ge/GeSi heterostructures. The methodis based on measuring the difierential impurity magnetoabsorption in THz rangeat the modulated bandgap optical excitation. The absorption signal is due to free(137)


Military bases are commonplace in many countries and may have a significant impact in the communities where they are integrated. Impacts of military bases have been analysed through different perspectives. Our aim is to analyse their economic impact. The importance of military bases has become a topic of discussion particularly when base closures or base activity reductions are under consideration. In a previous paper the authors looked at the issue using a static CGE model applied to the analysis of the economic impact of a US base located in the island of Terceira in the Azores. In the current paper a dynamic model is used to study the same issue, using more recent data and disaggregating the impact among different household categories. A base closure scenario is created and the impacts traced through various economic indicators. It is concluded that GDP falls, relative to the base scenario for a number of years recovering after some time, assuming that worsened trade balances are compensated by other transfers. This fall is prompted by a fall in employment, personal income and consumption. The model also predicts that the impact hurts different household income groups with diverse intensity. Lower income households are hurt more in relative terms but generate a smaller absolute impact. With time, the negative impact tapers off for most income groups except for the lowest which keeps on loosing more until the end of the simulation period. * CEEAplA, University of the Azores ** ECOMOD, ULB


Recent research has shown that while instructional use of manipulative materials can improve the mathematics achievement of students at different grade and ability levels, it may be particularly re...


The invention relates to a process for preparing a phosphorus-functional polyether carbonate polyol, in which a polyether carbonate having unsaturated groups with a phosphorus functional compound according to formula (Ia) reacted wherein X = O, S; R


The detection of business performance is to find out the soundness of business performance of an enterprise before the enterprise runs into any crisis or goes bankrupt in order to guard against any disaster before it happens. Generally speaking, when carrying out predicative analysis on business performance, most researchers adopt financial warning or credit rating mode. The data used are generally from events that have already happened. This paper, however, adopts a constructed business performance detection model to facilitate discrimination of business performance before the occurrence of any disaster. In this paper, the financial statements and various financial ratios of TSEC/GTSM listed fourth-party logistics providers were collected as sample data and four differential prediction models were constructed for business performance prediction of fourth-party logistics providers. Our empirical results showed that, the combination of Z-score and FOAGRNN hybrid model has differential prediction capacity significantly superior to other models, and the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) model after being adjusted with fruit fly optimization algorithm can effectively improve its prediction capacity.

 Key words: Z-score, generalized regression neural network (GRNN), fruit fly optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization, grey relational analysis.


Fracture systems may be generalized in terms of number and orientation of sets of parallel fractures and the distribution of length, width, thickness and separation. Borehole measurements may be used to particularize these parameters for a specific site. Global flow and dispersion in an aquifer occur in the interconnected fractures and may be related to specific fracture elements. A fluid dynamics code named SALE has been used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for laminar flow in these elemental geometries. A marker particle calculation has been added to characterize longitudinal dispersion due to the velocity profile across the fracture and lateral dispersion due to flow disturbances at junctions. Local flow and dispersion in the matrix occur in the finer fracture structure and are evaluated using porous media approaches. These results or models are integrated in a 2D isothermal reservoir simulator named FRACSL. Discrete fractures are superimposed on the edges or diagnoals of rectangular grid elements. Water may flow from node to node through the matrix or through the fracture. The heads are found by iterating for the distribution which conserves the appropriate local mass. Marker particles are used to monitor the tracer dispersion due to motion in the fractures, in themore » matrix and between the two. Results are given showing flow and dispersion in an orthogonal junction and in a sample fractured reservoir.« less


In this article, a miniaturized 2.5‐dimensional frequency selective surface (FSS) bandstop filter operating at 2.4 GHz is presented. The proposed FSS contains meander lines as well as metallic patches on top and bottom layer of FR‐4 substrate, and vertical vias are employed to connect the top and the bottom layers. The proposed configuration significantly reduced the size of unit cell to 0.040λ0 × 0.040λ0 (where λ0 is the free space wavelength) at the desired frequency of 2.4 GHz. Additionally, this element arrangement assists in achieving fractional bandwidth of 140%. The measured −10 dB bandwidth is from 1 to 4.5 GHz. The proposed FSS is polarization insensitive and highly angularly stable (up to 75°). The equivalent circuit model (ECM) of this FSS and related surface current distribution are also provided to understand its working mechanism. The design performance validation has been carried out through the construction and testing of a functional prototype. The full wave simulation, the ECM, and the measured results depict a promising agreement.


A survey among 400 upper secondary school physics students reveals serious difficulties in their understanding of the dynamics of fundamental electrical circuits. The students are unable to explain how currents and voltages vary when a dynamic change in a resistance is introduced. In order to evaluate the effect of computer‐assisted learning in this field, an electrotechnical pedagogical program (ElPed) has been developed. The program is divided into three sections: circuit dynamics simulation, questionnaire, and reasoning. The structure and function of the program are discussed in detail. The major goal of the program has been to demonstrate the dynamics of fundamental electrical circuits and develop the students' ability to perform systematic and structured reasoning in a simple and highly interactive manner. This implies that the students can work on the problems at their own pace until they master the whole reasoning process satisfactorily. A second survey, where the effect of ElPed is evaluated, is also presented. The results indicate that the students that have used ElPed perform better, and, on questions where complex reasoning is required, significantly better.


Critical dimension (CD) control is very important for the successful fabrication of integrated circuit (IC) devices. Line-widths of patterns such as chrome lines or clear lines on the reticle have to be monitored. In this work, reticles with optical proximity correction (OPC) assist features intended for deep ultraviolet (DUV) exposure have been investigated using the atomic force microscope (AFM). Metrology issues related to using AFM to measure CD are presented. A line-width determination method to produce a consistent CD measurement is proposed. The CD uniformity for a 4X, 6' reticle intended for DUV exposure is found to be within plus or minus 20 nm over a range of 2.00 micrometer to 0.4 micrometer and to be worse when the widths of the lines are nominally less than 0.4 micrometer.


The crystal growth and magnetic properties of sputtered Co‐20 wt. % Ni films on Cr‐based bcc polycrystalline underlayers were investigated. The crystal textures of sputtered Co‐Ni films on Cr underlayers were initially determined by x‐ray diffraction technique and related to their in‐plane coercivities. By introducing N in Cr layers, the lattice spacing of the Cr‐based bcc structure was expanded and the effects of larger lattice spacing on the crystal growth of Co‐Ni films were studied. The microstructure and morphology of Co‐Ni/Cr(N) thin layers were also studied by employing scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The preferred orientation texture of Co‐Ni films on Cr(N) layers having d(110)=2.039 A showed (1011), while Cr‐N d(110) of larger than 2.039 A gave (0002) preferred orientation texture of Co‐Ni films. In this study, 〈1011〉 and 〈0002〉 of 750‐A‐thick Co‐Ni thin films on Cr(N) bcc polycrystalline layers, which are hard and easy axes of magnetization in the hcp structu...


Gandhi's formula, which allows the odd prime p to be calculated, by summation, from the primes preceding it, is not an immediately suitable problem for computer solution since for p > 7 the terms of the summation become smaller than 10~ and cannot be added to unity, and for;? > 11 the terms are smaller than the limits of the floating-point system in use (10~). By representing Gandhi's formula in the binary system however, I am here going to show that the formula gives rise to a rather interesting algorithm for the computation of the prime p, and (more importantly), by listing the positions of the l's in the binary representation of Gandhi's summation, the prime p and all primes succeeding it which are less than p can be found from the primes preceding it. Thus a large number of primes can be calculated from relatively few. Referring to the proof of Gandhi's formula given by C. V. Eynden (Amer. Math. Monthly, 1972, 79, p. 625), Gandhi's inequalities


The invention proposes a dental X-ray apparatus comprising a patient-positioning system arranged on a support and having a forehead rest. A horizontally pivotable bearing arm is arranged on the support, and the forehead rest is in turn arranged thereon.


Novel design keeps joints mechanically independent. Force-reflecting hand controller for remote manipulator offers two times work volume of any of its predecessors. Folded into volume half that of its immediate predecessor for storage. First six-degree-of-freedom, cable-driven controller designed with six revolute joints; contains no prismatic joints. Advantages of low friction, low inertia, and no backlash. Intended for use in telerobotic experiments during space flight, controller modified for such terrestrial applications as construction and handling of dangerous (e.g., hot, poisonous, radioactive, or infectious) materials.


As healthcare lacks incentives and systems for matching capacity between various care providers and for coordinating episodes of care, the result is capacity management that is difficult and uncertain. Long waiting and lead times between efforts entail increased risks for the patient and contribute towards expertise being utilized inefficiently. The organising of hospital care can be likened to a bureaucracy, which has not adapted its organization of work in order to be able to assume the overall responsibility for the process of patient care. There is also a lack of agency in coordinating resources for the benefit of the patient. The productivity concept which was used in manufacturing industry, is problematized, because it is misleading for healthcare as it does not involve the contribution of the customer The defective matching and use of a misleading productivity concept forms the departure point for outlining the possibilities of developing service productivity adapted to healthcare with the support of the concepts of value creation, the yield management method and matching, and the agent perspective. Building on the developed view on service productivity the head point is outlining the condition for a matching system in order to better match the available capacity both in and between healthcare units in order to meet and support the value creating process of the customer (the patient), with the aim of eliminating queues. An overall aim for the providers should be to match the value creation process of the customer.


The Health Services Research Study Section of the Bureau of Health Services has for some years been concerned with improving the quality and quantity of health services research in the United States. The present survey of health services research in the United Kingdom was planned in 1963 with that basic purpose, as were the previously published Scandinavian study and the series of commissioned papers on needed research into the American system.' The National Health Service of the United Kingdom, representing as it does a national commitment to provide uniform and universally available services, appears to provide a unique environment for health services research; an environment decidedly different from that of the United States, where administrative responsibility and sources of money remain highly diversified and decentralized. A survey seemed particularly appropriate at this point in time when regional and statewide planning, aimed at achieving more general availability of services and reducing wastage of scarce resources, is being encouraged in the United States on an unprecedented scale, offering equally unprecedented needs and opportunities for studies in all aspects of medical care. The study team was composed of three members of the Health


ABSTRACT In this article, we explain how the Discipline-based Art Education Model (DBAE) represents an instructional tool to disturb teacher candidates and elementary students' commonly held notions of US history, motivate research into historical events, and revise understandings of historical topics so that they begin seeing how the past has shaped the present social environment. We describe a social studies methods course assignment that requires candidates' exploration of common history myths and development of lessons about accurate historical information. Finally, we provide two examples of lessons developed through the assignment to teach revisionist historical accounts using the DBAE.


Oral cavity malignancy reconstructive surgery has advanced from pedicle s aps to microvascular free tissue transfer. Previously, reconstruction of these defects were done using radial forearm free s ap in this centre. We report our experience using anterolateral thigh free s ap in a 49 year old lady with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Excision of tumour left a defect which was later reconstructed using microvascular free tissue transfer using the right anterolateral thigh free s ap. The s ap was well taken up at the recepient site and no evidence of s ap failure noted post operatively and on completion of radiotherapy. She was able to maintain comprehensible speech and swallowing ability. ( JUNMEC 28; 11(1): 33-36 )


The growing amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is worldwide a huge problem. There is an increasing amount of projects that try to clean up this pollution. To remove the pollution efficiently, it is useful to know how plastic litter moves, degrades and sinks. Models are being developed that can describe what happens with plastic in the ocean. To model the behaviour of plastic in the ocean a lot of parameters need to be taken into account. The transport of plastic particles is largely determined by processes like the wind and the current but their movement also has a random character due to dispersion. Due to this random movement, the future position of a particle can be described by a probability distribution. To find that probability distribution, the Kolmogorov forward equation (or Fokker-Planck equation), in this context the same as the advection-diffusion equation, needs to be solved. It is also possible that the plastic particles sink and settle on the bottom of the ocean. One goal of this project was to incorporate the settling of particles as an extra term into the advection-diffusion equation. Forward models are used to predict where particles will go to. It can also be useful to have reverse time models that can describe where particles had their origin. To make reverse time models, it is necessary to solve a reverse time advection-diffusion equation. The main goal of this project was to derive and solve the reverse time advection-diffusion equation that includes the settling of particles. This is done by finding the adjoint of the Kolmogorov forward equation and the settling term.


Videotaped role play was an effective staff development strategy used as an initial exercise in a five-part class to update the pain management skills of experienced nurses. It engaged the participants in learning and stimulated discussion and provided concrete feedback of current clinical practices for comparison with the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research pain management guidelines (Acute Pain Management Guideline Panel, 1992).


We present a new method of three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) designed to model systems dominated by deformation along a preferential axis. These systems cause severe problems for SPH codes using spherical kernels, which are best suited for modeling systems which retain rough spherical symmetry. Our method allows the smoothing length in the direction of the deformation to evolve independently of the smoothing length in the perpendicular plane, resulting in a kernel with a spheroidal shape. As a result the spatial resolution in the direction of deformation is significantly improved. As a test case we present the one-dimensional homologous collapse of a zero-temperature, uniform-density cloud, which serves to demonstrate the advantages of spheroidal kernels. We also present new results on the problem of the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole.


Milk curd syndrome or inspissated milk syndrome or milk plug syndrome is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates [1]. This entity was more commonly encountered before 1980's, when formula feeds were manufactured by just drying of cow's milk. Milk curd syndrome after initiation of feeding with unmodified animal milk is extremely rare. We report milk curd syndrome in a neonate who presented with signs of small intestinal obstruction after being fed with goat's milk.


The current study was carried out to determine the constituents in ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga rhizomes and its immunostimulatory effects of the extract on cellular and humoral immunity of male mice. Determination of constituents in the extract was conducted using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. The ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga was comprised to delayed-type hypersensitivity response and haemagglutinating antibody titre tests for its immunostimulatory potential. The test animal received extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW for 7 days after sensitized by bovine Red Blood Cells. Cellular response was measured by increase of paw volume, meanwhile humoral antibody response was determined by hemagglutination method. Quercetin was determined quantitatively in the extract by a validated reversed phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method. The footpad thickness and antibody titre of male mice after treatment with ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga were significantly higher as compared to negative control (P<0.05). The extract of Curcuma mangga at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW depicted stronger immnumostimulatory activity as compared to positive control. The result indicates that the ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga shows immunostimulatory activity, emphasizing its potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent.