The tumor‐promoting activity of teleocidin in two‐stage carcinogenesis was tested using human bronchi grafted into athymic nude mice. On treatment with 7, 12‐d‐imethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) plus teleocidin, no bronchial carcinomas were produced in 44 grafted human bronchi, but 8 spindle cell sarcomas developed in mouse tissues. Application of DMBA to grafted human bronchi produced only 3 spindle cell sarcomas in the tissues of 30 mice. Application of teleocidin did not produce any tumors in 24 grafts of bronchi obtained from heavy smokers. Thus, teleocidin had an effect on mouse tissues, but seemed to have no effect on human bronchial cells, although it is uncertain whether the grafted human bronchi were initiated by DMBA. ACTA PATHOL.


BACKGROUND, Alcohol Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) was introduced in Scotland in May 2018. Existing evidence suggests MUP can reduce alcohol consumption in the general population, but there is little research about its impact on vulnerable groups. This qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of MUP among people with experience of homelessness. METHODS We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 46 people with current or recent experience of homelessness who were current drinkers when MUP was introduced. Participants (30 men and 16 women) were aged 21 to 73 years. Interviews focused on views and experiences of MUP. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS People with experience of homelessness were aware of MUP but it was accorded low priority in their hierarchy of concerns. Reported impacts varied. Some participants reduced their drinking, or moved away from drinking strong white cider in line with policy intentions. Others were unaffected because the cost of their preferred drink (usually wine, vodka or beer) did not change substantially. A minority reported increased involvement in begging. Wider personal, relational and social factors also played an important role in participant responses to MUP. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MUP worked as intended for some people with experience of homelessness, while a minority reported negative consequences. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of population level health policies on marginalised groups. Policymakers in Scotland, and elsewhere, need to consider wider contextual factors that affect responses to MUP in people with experience of homelessness. It is important to invest further in secure housing and appropriate support services for people with experience of homelessness who consume alcohol, and implement and evaluate harm reduction initiatives such as managed alcohol programmes.


The naphthoquinone analogues of β-lapachone are obtained from methylene and aryl o-quinone methides, generated in situ by Knoevenagel condensation of lawsone (I) with paraformaldehyde (II) or aryl aldehydes (IX), followed by hetero Diels—Alder reaction with different dienophiles.


care for disabled children, even though there was a disabled child in just nine of the 192 households studied. I have long felt that neighbours as carers, and the key role of the home help, on the margins of informal and formal systems of care, are rather neglected topics. Thus it is welcome to find discussion of these issues. Informal Welfare is not altogether easy to read: on the first page there is a sentence no less than 17 lines long! More seriously, tracing the relationship of the more focused interview and questionnaire data, which are reported in the later chapters on disabled and elderly people, with the whole array of data demands a good deal of detective work. With the mass of information that this study generated, the authors clearly had a difficult summarising task. Additional tables of data, showing how sub-samples in the study were identified, defined and numerically related to the whole, would have obviated the need for the extensive narrative presentations which tended to mystify rather than clarify. Considering that one of the main aims of the study was to address ways in which social policy might best engage with informal welfare, that more was not said about service providers' or clients' perspectives is unfortunate. We are told a little about home helps and social workers but other types of paid helper remain relatively invisible. Notwithstanding these problems, this book deserves to be widely read. It also deserves to be complemented by a series of focused articles which would allow more detailed presentation and sociological analysis of those aspects of the study and its data which could not be covered fully in the book.


Single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements for a Pt3Fe antiferromagnet were performed to determine the detailed magnetic structure below TN2 = 100 K, where the magnetic structure characterized by the propagation wave vector q1 = (1/2 1/2 0) and q2 = (1/2 0 0) are formed. We found that magnetic domain model where both (1/2 1/2 0)-type and (1/2 0 0)-type ordering coexist in a crystal well explains the observed magnetic neutron intensities, but, there is a large difference in the volume fraction of the magnetic domains. This suggests a large spin reorientation at TN2 where (1/2 1/2 0)-type domains are partially replaced by (1/2 0 0)-type domains.


Influence of land surfaces on the pollen dispersal under urban environment is rarely investigated.We measured pollen concentration dispersed from four commonly used urban tree species(Pinus tabulaeformis,Magnolia denudata,Pinus bungeana and Ailanthus altissima) on two spring windless sunny days in 2006 in Beijing.The pollen concentration and microclimate measurements were conducted in the locations 10m away from the sampling trees at 1.5m above the ground.Our objectives were to contrast the impact of grass covered(Soft) and paved(Hard) surfaces on the diurnal variations of pollen disposal.Our research indicated that:(1) Diurnal variations of pollen dispersal among four species had similar tendency in same urban surface condition.But the same tree species showed distinctive diurnal variations under different surface conditions(soft and hard).Under soft ground,diurnal variation of tree pollen had one peak presented at 14:00pm while the lowest pollen concentration was at 04:00am.That was positively correlated with air temperature but had negative correlations with relative humidity.The diurnal patterns of tree pollen showed clear variation with high peaks at around 14:00pm and 20:00pm and low values around 04:00am and 18:00pm under hard ground.And the peak of pollen concentration appeared at 20:00pm was consistent with the peak of ground temperature in hard ground.Overall,the pollen concentration during the day was significantly higher than at night while the pollen concentration under hard ground was significantly higher than under soft ground during the night.(2) Peak pollen concentration at 20:00pm under hard ground could be attributable to the thermal dynamics of the ground.Heat strapped by hard ground during the daytime was released at night,causing the convection movement of air near the ground and promoting tree pollen release into the atmosphere.Consequently,the pollen concentration peak happened at night.(3) Pollen dispersal during the daytime was not significantly affected by different surface conditions.However,the surface impacts on the pollen dispersal were observed during the night.Comparing with soft ground,hard ground showed greater and longer influence on pollen dispersing in the air.That made the pollen concentration remained at high concentration level for several hours in the near ground air after the sunset.This phenomenon will lead to the extended time of allergenic pollen dispersal and aggravated pollen pollution.Therefore,urban forest tree species selection and urban surface mulching were recommended to avoid possible pollen pollution for urban dwellers,and most importantly for those pollen allergy-pro citizens.In addition,we recommended that the hay fever patients should avoid their outdoor activities and sports during the time when the pollen concentration is high.This would lead to lower the risks of allergenic pollen threats to their health.


Abstract Beta thalassemia is one of the most frequent genetic disordersin the world. These individuals are generally slightly symptomaticor asymptomatic and have a life expectancy similar to those withoutthis trait. High levels of serum ferritin have been observed in somecomparative studies between subjects heterozygous for betathalassemia and non-carriers and some individuals, who were nevertransfused, present clinical and laboratorial signs of iron overload.The physiopathology of this disease remains unclear. Severalresearchers have suggested a modulator effect of the beta globingene and mutations in iron metabolism genes. Mutations of the HFE gene are the most frequently changes associated to hereditaryhemochromatosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate thefrequency of C282Y and H63D mutations of the HFE gene in betathalassemia carriers and their influence in the iron metabolism. Onehundred and sixty-two beta thalassemia Caucasians were studied.Diagnosis of thalassemia was confirmed by analyzing erythrocyticindices and Hb A2 and Hb fetal by HPLC. The iron metabolism wasevaluated by serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritinand percentage of transferrin saturation. Molecular analysis of the


To answer the question, why do we need a new medical journal in Central Asia, it is essential to understand that with transition to the new standards of scientific research in majority of Central Asian countries, the crucial need in change of approaches in biomedical publishing corresponding to worldwide standards has emerged. A sharp transition to new standards in science in several countries like Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan caused situation, when:


Biosensors are devices that combine the selectivity and specificity of biological sensing elements such as an enzyme, nucleic acid or an antibody with a suitable transducer. The development and performance of biosensors depend upon the materials employed for their construction, the physicochemical characteristics of the materials employed for the construction of the transducer, the matrices used for the enzyme immobilization, the stabilizers and the mediators. Based on transduction process biosensors are classified into different categories such as electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, thermal and colorimetric. The emergence of nanotechnology offers great opportunities to improve the sensitivity, stability and anti-interference ability of the biosensing systems. With the development of nanotechnology, a number of novel nanomaterial have been fabricated and their novel properties are being gradually discovered and their applications have also greatly advanced biosensors performance. Nanobiosenors have generated a great deal of excitement due to their ability to detect a wide range of materials at incredibly small concentrations.


Supported by the substrate, an active matrix type pixel device having a circuit including a polysilicon TFT (10) and the amorphous silicon thin film PIN diode (12), for example, an EL display device, is provided. After the polysilicon island is formed by an amorphous silicon layer is deposited for PIN diodes, amorphous silicon is no longer subjected to high temperature processing. TFT has doped source / drain regions (16a, 17a), while (17a) also provides N-type or P-type doped regions in the diode. Advantageously, eliminating the need to provide separate doped region in the photodiode, the processing cost is reduced. A second TFT having source / drain regions doped to the opposite conductivity type (16b, 17b) (10b) is provided and the other doped region (16b) to the diode, intrinsic region (25) between two TFT They are disposed laterally so as to overlap in each of the respective polysilicon islands.


Considerable chemical changes take place during the wilting of a crop. Protein breakdown in the presence of sufficient moisture is very rapid and the extent of breakdown is influenced by the time taken in the removal of moisture, nitrogen equilibrium being reached at a dry-matter content of 40–45%. Rapidly dried material shows little breakdown and its use as an alternative to silage is discussed.


This study describes a case of cloisonne kidney associated with infection by Babesia ovis in a wild mouflon ( Ovis orientalis musimon j found dead in year in eastern Sierra Morena (Andalusia, Spain). The major macroscopic lesions were a) icteric coloration in ocular and oral mucosa, and b) dark metal coloration on the kidneys' external surface. Intense dark coloration alternating with intense greyish strips was observed on renal cortex sections. Blood samples were collected for haematological and parasitological analyses, as well as samples from various organs for histopathological examination. Infection by B. ovis was confirmed by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction test (PCR). Histopathological examination revealed tubulonephrosis associated with thickening of the basal membrane of the convoluted portions of the renal tubules (both proximal and distal), which took on an intense brownish pigmentation. These renal lesions have been described as "cloisonne" kidney. Cloisonne kidneys show uncommon coloring of the renal tubular system, associated with ferritin and hemosiderin deposits in these structures resulting from a chronic hemolitic process (hemoparasites, toxins, etc.). In our case, hemolitic phenomena are associated with infection by B. ovis . The seroprevalence of this hemoparasite in wild mouflon populations in other regions of Spain (Catalonia) is up to 15%.


Interpretation of estimates based on OLS(Ordinary Least Squared) method includes the concept of an average. Therefore, if the income equation is estimated by OLS, the difference in income between individuals is caused by the difference in explanatory variables, and the age effect controlled the effects of other explanatory variables is the same regardless of individual characteristics such as education level, living region, birth year etc. However, in related to empirical studies, the age effect differs depending on the level of education or birth year, and the age when income peaks varies. This implies that the age effect differs depending on individual characteristics and this motivation leads me to analyze age effect based on the quantile regression. For this study, I use workplace-based insured men with income information during more than 21 years in the national pension history data during 1988-2020. From the comparison on the age effect by income level, first, the higher income class, the higher age premium. Second, the age when income peaks is higher as the income level increases. Specifically, income peaks at age 40 for the bottom 10% of the income bracket, however, income peaks at age 50 for the upper 10% of the income bracket.


Some educators feel that all viewpoints of contraceptive counseling and cohabitation should be taught while giving equal validity to each. This is believed by the author to obstruct the goal of educators who feel their responsibility is to make 1 ethical viewpoint the objective basis for their teaching. Many parents do not want the humanistic-Christian ethical system to be removed as a central theme in education. Young people today are in great need of a constructive united view of sexual life marriage and the family as a guiding principle in their lives which the school should impart.


UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2015) Positional Prominence vs. Word Accent: Is there a difference? Larry M. Hyman University of California, Berkeley Paper Presented at the Workshop on Word Stress and Accent • Universiteit Leiden • 15-17 August, 2014 "... not all feet are rhythmic in nature...." (Crowhurst & Teodocio Olivares 2014: 88) Introduction One of the major unresolved issues in the study of word-accentual systems is determining what exactly counts as accent. In languages such as English, where prominent syllables are uncontroversially identified by a combination of effects on both the suprasegmental features of pitch, duration and intensity as well as on segmental realizations, there is no hesitation in attributing these effects to stress and metrical structure. Controversy arises in languages where the effects are less pronounced, have little or no effect on segments, or mark phrasal domains rather than words. The purpose of this paper is to show that the positional prominence effects that are found in several African languages claimed not to have stress can be identified with a more general notion of "word accent". In what follows I show that while stem-initial and word- penultimate prominence can be identified as word accent in the sense to be defined in §2, the foot structures involved in prosodic morphology should instead be identified as templates that may be quite independent and distinct from word accent. I begin in §2 with a brief introduction to the problems involved in identifying and characterizing word accent. I then present three African case studies of apparent metrical phenomena in Ibibio (§3), Punu (§4), and Lulamogi (§5), each followed by discussion of whether the phenomena in question should be identified with the more familiar effects of stress-accent. Some general conclusions are presented in §6. The problem Despite the extraordinary amount of research on the subject, a number of issues continue to plague the study of stress and accent. On the conceptual side there is the question of what counts as "stress" or "accent". Definitions of stress such as the following (Hyman 2006: 231) are often too inclusive. (1) A language with stress-accent is one in which there is an indication of word-level metrical structure meeting the following two central criteria: a. b. obligatoriness: every lexical word has AT LEAST one syllable marked for the highest metrical prominence (primary stress) degree of (O BL H EAD ) culminativity: every lexical word has AT MOST one syllable marked for the highest degree of (C ULM H EAD ) metrical prominence Therefore: Every lexical word must have ONE AND ONLY ONE (primary) stress


Race was not a dominant factor in neo-Calvinism. Rather, stress was laid on the universal character of Christianity, especially in the case of Herman Bavinck. While some of the South African PhD students at the Vrije Universiteit's defended apartheid with reference to neo-Calvinism, it was B.B. Keet—who would become a noted critic of apartheid—who adopted Bavinck's views. As a professor in Stellenbosch, Keet initially accepted apartheid for cultural and practical reasons, but he became critical when South Africa officially implemented apartheid policy in 1948. This resulted in his book Whither, South Africa?, in which he rejected the theological arguments undergirding apartheid with arguments almost literally derived from Bavinck. It is clear from this case study that neo-Calvinism was employed not only to support apartheid, but also to criticize it as well. In the Netherlands his stand was recognized and shared by two more of Bavinck's students: J.J. Buskes and J.H. Bavinck. Keet met with opposition within his own circles but stuck to his position and inspired his student, the apartheid critic C.F. Beyers Naude.


FAMOUS for his Calvinist refutations of the infidel philosophers and notorious for his Federalist diatribes against the principles of democracy ("mobocracy"), the Reverend Timothy Dwight, "President-Professor" at Yale College, 1'7951817, declined to abandon the realms of muscular theology and politics when he stood before his classes in Rhetoric. A gentleman of wide and varied erudition, Dwight filled most of the classroom period devoted to Rhetoric with "a familiar extemporaneous lecture"'l and "freely examined" the literary criteria set down by Hugh Blair, Scotch Common Sense critic whose textbook, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (1783), was used for the course. Profoundly influencing numerous American educators, the principles discovered in Blair's thick volume helped mould early nineteenth-century American taste; and while Eliphalet Nott at Union College was teaching Lord Kames's Elements of Criticism, Timothy Dwight at Yale was analyzing Blair's critical axioms and giving to many a future member of the New England intelligentsia the Scottish common-sense orientation.2 John Pierpont of Litchfield, Connecticut, one of Dr. Dwight's more serious undergraduates, became deeply interested in the critical doctrines of his professor and carefully jotted down in his student notebook "Miscelaneous [sic] Re-


The spread of narcotics, psychotropic and other addictive substances are now unimaginative. The nature of the material often abused by many have a very negative influence on the central nervous system so-called psychoactive substances. Drug abuse is a big impact for the users, especially teenagers. Of the many impacts, the impact which is the most is the change of the mental state and the personality of the users. This research aims to find out how former narcotic users trace the meaning of life. The data was obtained from two subjects who had used drugs for at least three years and have a profession as street singers. The results of data analysis indicate that discovery of the meaning of life for each individual is different. The meaning of life itself cannot be given, but must be sought and found by him. The reason was that a drug user should strongly decide to have a desire to heal them, realizing that life should be completed and used for things that are useful and meaningful.


This paper reports on four participants' perceptions of an interdisciplinary in‐service programme incorporating science and English theoretical frameworks conducted with junior secondary science teachers over six months of teaching. The project aimed to examine the effects on teachers and students of the diversification of the uses of writing for learning in their classrooms. The programme focused on pragmatic issues such as specific strategies to increase opportunities for students to use writing to clarify and deepen their thinking, criteria for evaluating student writing, and effective uses of past student writing to clarify task demands. The paper focuses primarily on the effects on teachers' sense of their roles in teaching, their sense of science as a subject, and their perceptions of the effects on student attitudes towards, and knowledge of, science as a result of the in‐service programme.


MOS capacitor devices based on silicon carbide (SiC) are largely used as hydrogen detectors in high temperature and chemically reactive environments. A SiC MOS capacitor structure used as hydrogen sensor is analyzed by extensive simulations. The sensitivity to hydrogen detection, stability to temperature variation and dependence on interface states concentration are evaluated. The effects of structure parameters on sensors performance are also investigated. Results show that the oxide layer type and thickness and the SiC polytype have a significant influence on the detectors performance. The proposed optimum structure for high temperature hydrogen detection is based on 3C-SiC substrate and 10nm TiO2 layer. In accordance with the simulations results, three types of masks are designed for the fabrication of SiC MOS capacitor structures.


Carbon Lactic dioxide acid and Water 1 It has recently been noted from the Zentralblatt that Euler and Myrback (Svensk. Kem. Tidskr., 36, 295-306 (1924)) have made an apparently similar suggestion. As the originAl article has not been available it has been impossible to learn how closely the two theories coincide. 2R. Robison, Biochem. J., 16, 809 (1922). 'This step has been definitely established by Harden and his co-workers and the enzyme accomplishing the change has been named hexosephosphatase. 4 Neuberg and Kerb, Biocerm. Zs., 58, 158-170. (1913). ' Euler and Myrback, Chemie Zele Gewebe, 12, 57 (1925).


This article seeks to explore the history of gender-neutral drafting and its purported impact upon deep-rooted gender inequality within the legal system to date. The article draws upon examples that highlight the fact that gender inequality has penetrated deeper into our legal system--deeper than assumed-- and contends that it is a fallacy to think that gender-neutral drafting is an effective cure for the disease of patriarchy. The article analyses various pieces of legislation within the context of gender-neutral drafting.


"The arrival of digital research, where the object of research is transformed into numerical data, makes it possible to study the world and medicine, using new epistemological paradigms. What matters now is only the correlation between two quantities of data, with no concern for any consistent theory that explains such correlation. Today these correlations are used to predict with acceptable accuracy. What seems to be the outcome of this new revolution is the dominance of information, a conceptual labyrinth whose most common definition is based on an equally problematic category-data. The technological evolution of information and of the world seen as a series of data takes its concrete form in artificial intelligence (AI) and in robots. We are now able to construct machines that can make autonomous decisions and coexist with human beings. And in the context of healthcare it is possible to develop diagnostic approach, prescribe medication (see IBM Watson Program) or offer radiosurgery systems like Cyberknife. Contemporary society presents extremely delicate challenges where the most important variable is not intelligence but rather the little time available in which to make a decision. Here, cognitive mechanisms can have important applications. A series of anthropological and bioethical reflections can help to understand the challenges in the healthcare field: "Is it clear how this logic of hyper-individualization, governed by the use of artificial intelligence, will undermine the humanistic need for solidarity in this in deeds and mindset, in favor of private relationships between individuals and organizations?" (E. Sadin). "


The one-phase synthesis method using evolutionary or heuristic optimization algorithms can successfully solve the dimensional synthesis problems of path generating four-bar mechanisms discussed in the literature, where the input angles are usually used as design variables and the constraint of the rotational sequence of the input angles is necessary. However, there is still room for improvement in solution reliability and accuracy. To understand the influence of the input angles used as design variables, a new one-phase synthesis method without using the input angles as design variables is presented where the square deviation of the nearest distance between the target point and the coupler curve is used as the error metric and the differential evolution is used to solve the optimum synthesis problems. A scale-rotation-translation transformation technique, which can transform the coupler curve of the initial guess nearer to the desired curve in a similar scaling, orientation and location, is proposed. Findings show that the new one-phase synthesis method can improve solution accuracy markedly. Moreover, the scale-rotation-translation transformation technique for the initial guess is effective to improve solution reliability, accuracy or efficiency. Keywords—evolutionary algorithm; dimensional synthesis; mechanism optimization; path generation; scale-rotation-translation transformation


The invention relates to an induction hob with a sensor device with a first sensor (11, 14, 16), which for the acquisition of measured values for determining a temperature of the preparation zone (21 to 24) on which a preparation vessel (3) is openable for receiving a Zubereitungsguts is formed, and an IR sensor (12, 16) which for detection of thermal radiation from the preparation zone (21 to 24) and a bottom (31) of the preparation container (3) is formed, and an evaluation unit (13) provided with the sensor (11, 14, 16) and the IR-sensor (12, 16) is electrically connected and with which, depending on the by the sensors (11, 12, 14, 16) information transmitted, the temperature of the bottom (31) determined , wherein the two sensors (11, 12, 14, 16) are arranged such that their local detection areas (12a, 14a, 16a) are at least partially overlapping in particular substantially, arranged completely overlapping. The invention also relates to a method for determining a temperature of the soil (31).


Islamic central banking is not different from conventional central banking as a whole, but the role of an Islamic central bank in conducting monetary policy is restricted to use interest-free Islamic monetary instruments and commercial banks are obliged to implement non-usury banking operations. Islamic financial instruments should be usury-free and efficient in applying monetary, fiscal and financial policies at different levels of central bank, government and commercial banks and non-banking money and financial institutions. Conventional interest-bearing bonds are not allowed in Islamic central banking. This restriction mostly distinguishes Islamic central banking from conventional one in implementing monetary policy. In this paper, we examine monetary instruments in Islamic central banking framework. As a conclusion, to revive Islamic monetary policy, we should provide necessary replacement for conventional bonds and treasury bills to activate non-usury open market operations; that is some public equity-based instrument. In this regard, by looking at financial papers and notes, we emphasize on Rastin Swap Bonds (RSBs). RSB is a financial paper that observes the right for the lender to borrow an equal amount to his lending from the borrower. Four types of RSBs in domestic money and foreign currency are defined and their Sharia allowances and monetary, fiscal and financial effects are evaluated. Rastin Swap Bond will serve as an important instrument for resource mobilization and will be a primary vehicle for development of Islamic capital market and central banking operations.


The ALMA band 9 (600-720 GHz) receiver cartridge, as currently being produced, features two single-ended (dual sideband) SIS mixers in orthogonal polarisations. In the case of spectral line observations in the presence of atmospheric backgound, the integration time to reach a certain desired signal to noise level can be reduced by about a factor of two by rejecting the unused sideband. A proof-of-concept sideband separating mixer has been successfully designed and produced over the past few years, the results of which have been presented earlier at this conference. At the time that the band 9 cartridge got its final form, however, this mixer was not yet ready for series production. Here, we present a design study that investigates the feasibility of upgrading the current ALMA band 9 cartridge to full dual-polarisation sideband separating capability, with minimal impact on the overall structure of the cartridge. The goal is to re-use as many of the parts and techniques of the existing cartridge as possible to provide a minimal-cost upgrade path, to be available in a couple of years.


Introduction: The effect of chemotherapy on the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression of PD1 and PD-L1 is unclear. We sought to describe the differences in the percentage (%) of TILs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and expression of PD1/PD-L1 in tumors of patients (pts) with operable breast cancer (BC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) who were enrolled in a biomarker study at our institution (IRB protocol# 2010C0036). Methods: A multicolor immune-histochemical multiplex assay simultaneously detecting PD1, PD-L1, and CD8 expressing cells was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded diagnostic pretreatment biopsy or resected tumor specimen following NAC in 18 of 26 pts participating in the study. A cut-off of ≥1% was considered positive for PD1 and PD-L1 expression. We evaluated stromal and intratumoral CTLs by estimating % of stroma and tumor that contained CD8+ cells. In addition, stromal TILs (sTILs) were identified on full-face hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and defined as the % of tumor stroma containing infiltrating lymphocytes. Pathologic complete or near-complete response (pCR) was analyzed based on residual cancer burden (RCB) score and defined as RCB class 0 or I. Analysis of all slides was performed by an expert breast pathologist. Since the number of pts was limited, we only provide descriptive statistics (mean, range). In addition, because most pts had only a biopsy or only residual tumor available for the analysis, we divided pts into 2 separate cohorts based on what tissue was available. Results: Of 18 pts, biopsy was analyzed in 7 (Bx cohort) and residual tumor was analyzed in 11 pts (RT cohort). The median age of study pts was 48 (range 32-70); 11 (61%), 6 (33%), and 1 (6%) of pts were Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic, respectively. Ten pts (5 in Bx and RT cohorts each) had triple-negative BC (TNBC), 4 had HER2+ BC (1 and 3 in Bx and RT cohorts, respectively), and 4 had hormone receptor-positive, HER2- BC (1 and 3 in Bx and RT cohorts, respectively). Eight pts (44%) had pCR. In the bx cohort, 85% of pts had pCR while 18% of pts in the RT cohort had minimal residual disease (RCB class I). In the Bx cohort, average % of sTILs was 30% (range 2-70%), including 1 pt (14%) with lymphocyte predominant tumor (≥50% of sTILs). The % of sTILs was similar in the 11 residual tumors (mean 22, range 2-60) with 2 pts having lymphocyte predominant tumors. Average % of CTLs was 19 (range 1-50) in the Bx cohort and 14 (range 1-50) in the RT cohort. An average % of intratumoral CTLs was 8 (range 1-30) and 7.5 (range 0-40) while the average % of stromal CTLs was 25 (range 1-60) and 19 (range 1-60) in the Bx and RT cohorts, respectively. Similar % and trends were seen in 10 TNBC pts. PD-L1 expression was seen in 86% and 36% of tumors in the Bx and RT cohorts, respectively, with majority of expression present in the stroma. All cases of intratumoral PD-L1 expression were also positive for stromal PD-L1 expression. This difference was also seen in the TNBC pts (80% vs. 40% of tumors were PD-L1+ in Bx and RT cohorts, respectively). An average PD-L1 intensity was approximately 3% in both cohorts (range 1-20%). Expression of PD1 was very low (1% intensity in 3 pts in Bx cohort and in 1 pt in RT cohort) and it was seen on CD8+ CTLs. Conclusion: Our study preliminarily shows that percent of sTILs and stromal and intratumoral CTLs does not differ between pretreatment biopsy and residual tumors following NAC. Lower proportion of residual tumors were PD-L1+ compared to pretreatment biopsy specimen. The study limitations include small number of subjects and lack of comparison in the same pts. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings. Citation Format: Robert Wesolowski, Zaibo Li, Christopher McQuinn, Maryam Lustberg, Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy, Anne Noonan, Raquel Reinbolt, Sagar Sardesai, Jeffrey B. VanDeusen, Nicole Williams, William E. Carson, III. Analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and expression of PD1 and PD-L1 in breast tumors prior to and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2017 Oct 7-10; Hollywood, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2018;16(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A20.


In a multi-camera system, matching the same pedestrian across different camera views is a challenging problem. Pedestrian detection and ReIDentification (ReID) plays an important role in preventing traffic accidents involving pedestrians, for both conventional and autonomous vehicles. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing work which addresses the problem of pedestrian ReID in a typical vehicle setting, where the vehicle is equipped with a 360° surround-view with fisheye cameras. In this paper, we propose a deep learning system, Seeing Pedestrians in Surround-View Moving Cameras (SPinSVMC), that consists of a Single Camera Detection and Tracking (Single-Cam-D&T) module and Two Cameras ReID (2Cam-ReID) module applied to multi-camera views. The Single-Cam module uses a YOLOv3 model to detect the pedestrians in single camera view videos, and a model that combines OSnet with DeepSORT to track pedestrians and assign an ID for each detected pedestrian. Both models were adapted to the fisheye images through transfer learning processes. The 2Cam-ReID module consists of a camera constraint model and a pedestrian ReID model developed for tracking pedestrians in images captured by a pair of adjacent cameras with overlapping views and assigning unique IDs to the pedestrians captured by both cameras. We evaluated both models on a real-world traffic dataset captured by surround-view fisheye cameras mounted on top of a vehicle. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed two modules in SPinSVMC achieve high accuracy in both pedestrian detection, tracking and ReID in fisheye image domains.


The aim of my thesis work was to investigate the elemental composition of the common reed
(Phragmites Australis) grown in riverine habitats.
Firstly, I have summarized the characteristics of reed, involving its habitat, growth, structure and
consumption. I have mentioned general problems about this species: the declining trends of reed beds
in Europe, and the invasion of the European clone in North America. Then I have reviewed the related
literature on the elemental composition of reed. Because of those above mentioned problems about reed,
and the possible application as a biomonitoring or phytoremediation tool, a lot of publications have been
written on it. However, they're usually focusing only on reed growing in standing water, and do not
analyze flowing water, or the impact of water regime. Therefore, my aim was to investigate reeds from
several habitats with different water regime, to analyze whether this factor has any influence on the
elemental content of reed.
In my experimental work, I have examined three reed organs, roots, stems and leaves. I have
solubilized the samples with HNO3 and H2O2 in a MW owen. The element contents were measured with
ICP-MS, for Cd, Pb, Ni, B, Cr, Ba, Sr, Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, S, Ca, Mg, P, Na, Si, and K. The received
data was processed by principle component analysis.
As a result of the data processing, I found that the chemical composition of a given sample mainly
depends on the type of the sample (which organ is concerned), and also, on the place of the sampling. I
have compared the element contents of the various organs, the differences between the organs and the
sediment, and for a given organ between the sampling places. I have also investigated the differences
for inorganic trace pollutants between the habitats. Despite the several publications on reed using as a
biomonitoring tool, I haven't found any significant positive correlation between the element contents of
reed and the sediment. The cause of this can be that in the case of the roots I couldn't have measured all
the elements, just 5, because of a failure of the ICP-MS, and usually this organ shows the strongest
correlations. In order to reveal correlations within the different water regimes of the sampling places
and the measured concentrations, in the future I would like to analyze the missing data for the roots and
have further statistical analysis.


The no cooled 5 GHz radiometer has been introduced into operation at 22-m radio telescope CAO. The system temperature was 60 K. We report the observations of the 4765-MHz maser transition of OH (2Pi1/2, J=1/2, F=1rarr0) towards 13 star-forming regions with spectral resolution of 0.06 km s-1, taken with the 22-m Simeiz telescope


In recent studies, relativistic magnetic reconnection processes are investigated by relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamic (RRMHD) simulations. In the classical reconnection model, the inflow magnetic energies are converted to the outflow thermal and kinetic energies of outflow plasmas. For relativistic plasmas in a strong magnetic field, the synchrotron radiation has an important role for cooling plasmas. Therefore, in the steady reconnection processes, the balance between the reconnection heating and the radiation cooling can be important. In this study, we investigated effects of the radiation cooling in the Petscheck type reconnection process, using RRMHD simulations considering the radiation process. In our simulations, for simplicity, we assumed an optically-thin radiation and introduced a radiation cooling rate as source term. As a result, we found that the reconnection outflow is compressed and collimated, and that the larger cooling rate becomes, the larger reconnection rate becomes.


There is growing interest in using text as data in social science research, particularly in economics. The availability of large amounts of digitized text material such as social media posts, newspapers, firms' annual reports, and patents, combined with new computer techniques, makes it increasingly possible for researchers to use this type of information. The aim of this article is to discuss the potential of these techniques for the field of environmental economics and policy.


BStudies on Althusser in China since 2000 mainly focsed on the following: symptomatic,problematic,epistemological break and overdetenmination.However,there is no decisive breakthrough on the studies because of the lack of theoretical constructure.


Exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one or the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country is what is termed as colonialism. Henceforth, many parts of the world in general and African continent in particular experienced this phenomenon. Nigeria as one of important countries in Africa experienced exploitation between 1861 and 1960 under the Great Britain. Its advent had impact on many things such as politics, economy, religion, education and social set up of the country. Therefore, the paper intends to explore the impact of this phenomenon on religions in south-western Nigeria. The paper discusses the two religions (Traditional and Islam) which had been known in this region long before the period of colonialism. It also looks into the negative and positive of its impacts. It hashes out various resistances from the masses and how British government overpowers them. The paper is library-oriented research which means data and materials are drawn from books, articles, magazines and relevant websites. In other words, qualitative research methodology is used. Among others, the finding shows that there are two religions on ground before the advent of colonialism. It also shows that the advent of colonialism added another religion which is known as Christianity to the existing ones. It also discovered that the negative outweigh the positive impacts.


The increasing competitiveness that marks the business environment also features the brazilian educational setting, which has made the higher education institutions, for remaining active and competitive, to incorporate marketing activities on their actions, activities that until recently were not very common in this segment. Within this perspective, this paper examines the marketing activities undertaken by the Executive Secretarial Graduate Course, of Unioeste - Campus de Toledo, who despite being linked to a public university needs greater visibility and gratefulness recognition at the community, cause is a way to delimit with more explicitness your actuation area and increase the competitiveness, to itself and their graduates. For that, initially, from a literature research, was identified the marketing initiatives for educational area and some suggested models to attractiveness of students. With these results, was developed a model with integrated marketing activities to meet the bigger needs and especifities of the Executive Secretarial Course, searching to promote the image of course to local a regionals communities.


The IL36 family of cytokines (IL36a, IL36b, and IL36g) is part of the IL-1 superfamily and triggers proinflammatory signaling through the IL36 receptor complex. This heterodimer complex is formed by the IL36 Receptor (IL1RL2) and IL-1R co-receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL36R is present on a diverse variety of cell types, including the surface of dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and epithelial cells in various tissues. IL36 signaling can exert widespread inflammation, and its activity is implicated in several inflammatory diseases affecting epithelial tissues, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Thus, identification of novel therapeutics targeting this pathway are of significant clinical interest. To provide a preclinical platform for efficacy assessments of novel anti-human IL36R drugs, we generated a humanized hIL36R knock-in mouse model. In this model, a chimeric IL1RL2 coding sequence, which is composed of the human IL1RL2 extracellular region and the mouse Il1rl2 cytoplasmic region, was inserted after the 5'UTR of mouse Il1rl2 gene using CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing technology. The mouse cytoplasmic region was maintained to ensure intact downstream signaling. Polymerase chain reaction assessment of mRNA isolated from the lung tissue of edited homozygous humanized IL36R mice confirmed the absence of mouse Il1rl2 transcripts. Finally, to confirm the expression of human IL36R protein, immunohistochemistry was performed on the small intestine and skin tissue of humanized mice subjected to a chemical induction of psoriasis. Psoriasis-like symptoms were achieved by application of imiquimod cream on the back skin of the mice for 5 consecutive days. As expected, IL36R protein expression was detected in both tissues isolated from the homozygous humanized mice. These results indicate the successful generation of humanized IL36R mice, and suggest that this model will be an effective tool for future in vivo efficacy evaluation of immunomodulatory drugs targeting human IL36R.
 Citation Format: Xiaofei Zhou, Jiahui Chang, Jenna Frame, Chong Li, Zhifang Bai, Yuelei Shen. Humanized IL36R mice provide a preclinical tool for the evaluation of therapeutic drugs targeting IL36R [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2090.


Sexism, a social phenomenon, has existed for a long time, concealed in language and culture with mainstream thoughts. This phenomenon in English is shown and discussed in three aspects: The generalization of masculine words, the dominant status of men in marriage and the cultural orientation of women. In the end, the current trends are pointed out: the neutralization of English.


The kinestatic charge detector (KCD) built and researched at the University of Tennessee, Memphis, is now being studied as a possible dual-energy x-ray imager. The present study aims at quantifying the change in the arrival time spectrum (ATS) as a function of the detector's depth, i.e., in the x-ray direction. We measured the change in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) along the x-ray direction in the chamber using a segmented signal- collector board. The FWHM of the ionic signal exhibit a dependence on the x-ray beam intensity, and electric field strength. Furthermore, the average arrival time is almost constant along the detector depth.


The present invention is characterized by an extraction unit for extracting as, feature extraction, feature data of the input image on the pathological diagnosis system using variable classification of the medical image diagnostic apparatus, and this pathology; Feature vector transformer for transforming a feature vector by the extracted feature data in the vector conversion variables; And a vector classification unit for classifying and outputting a pathological diagnosis result of classification for the input image by the classification variables for the characteristic vector, which indicates the feature extraction unit, a feature vector conversion unit and vector classification unit lesions presence and pathological diagnosis information, the pathology of the medical image according to the first tag de image with claim characterized in that the learning by without a second tag de image and a tag information having a second tag with which indicates location information of the first tag and the lesion image having a first tag diagnostic classification apparatus and provides a pathological diagnosis system using the same.


The complex of triadimenol(TOL) and copper chloride was synthesized in ethanol , and its crystal structure had been determined using single crystal X ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to triclinic, space group , a=0.9861(2)nm, b=1.1930(2)nm, c=1.7140(3)nm, α =71.53(3)° , β =81.94(3)° , γ =75.56(3)° , V=1.848(6)nm3, Z=1, Dc=1.295g· cm- 3, F(000)=755, R1=0.0692, wR2=0.1845. The results show that the coordination geometry around copper? in the complex is slightly distorted four coordinated square planar geometry. The title complex was also characterized by elementary analysis, IR and TG. CCDC: 210089.


This chapter explores the following questions: When did animals first appear in the context of Christian literary and artistic symbolism? How were they interpreted in theological or moralistic allegories? Was there a continuous tradition that linked the early sources to Renaissance manifestations of disguised animal symbolism? The chapter commences by examining a case of the symbolic lion in the Renaissance. It discusses the dissemination of moralized animal symbolism throughout the Christian world. The Physiologus and bestiary tradition, which exerted the greatest influence on the development of animal symbolism in western culture, was basically a medieval phenomenon. Despite the realistic portrayal with its contemporary overtones, however, the procession of deadly sins is still portrayed in the traditional Saligia sequence, conveying the classic lessons of the bestiary, promoting the human-beast analogy, and retaining the moralistic context with its late medieval penitential and didactic implications.Keywords: artistic symbolism; bestiary tradition; Christian literary; human-beast analogy; moralized animal symbolism; Physiologus tradition; Renaissance animal symbolism


The lipoma is defined as a tumor of fatty tissue, its usage being dated to 1830. The author recently drew attention to an interesting 1846 example. Here, the special type called 'fibrolipoma" is deemed worthy of documentation with special reference to its epidemiological parameters in the developing community inhabited by the Igbo ethnic group in Nigeria. It was concluded that the local data were comparable with those reported from several parts of the world.


The paper presents the results of long-term researches of the "Severonikel" industrial complex's impact on the content of available for plants forms of P, K, Ca and Mg in podzols from the local zone. The results have shown that content of available for plant nutrients in the soils of the local zone is reduced, especially of K. However, except of single cases the concentrations of plant-available forms of P, K, Ca and Mg in the main horizons of podzols from the local zone after 70 years of exposure to extreme contamination remain within natural variation of these parameters. Ключевые слова: подзолы, комбинат "Североникель", загрязнение, доступные для растений формы P, K, Ca и Mg.


Since the emergence of Multi-core processors, operating systems have transformed altogether; trying to meet the resource capabilities and improve upon the overall performance of the systems. To date, many core processors have emerged, revolutionizing the computation capabilities. There are many performance related issues with the operating systems; one of them is proper and efficient scheduling of processes and threads which impacts heavily on overall Quality of the system. In past, much work has been done in devising new scheduling algorithms for multi-core processors but little attention has been given to merge classic scheduling algorithms for multi-core processor systems. In this paper, we shall focus how Round Robin (RR) algorithm can work with Shortest Job First (SJF) algorithm and First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) for multi-core processor systems. We have tried to devise a new algorithm by using prioritization techniques for multi-core processors. Observations are made on the basis of these results and are revealed at the end. By this technique, overall waiting time can be reduced significantly which eventually leads to the better performance of the system.


Complexes between s‐tetrazine and acetylene have been prepared in a supersonic free jet and their fluorescence excitation spectra have been observed. Analysis of the rotational structure in the electronic spectra of the complexes was used to determine the geometry of the complexes. Four bands due to complexes were observed at shifts of +15, +80, +201, and +208 cm−1 with respect to the origin of uncomplexed tetrazine at 18 128 cm−1. The bands at +15 and +80 cm−1 were assigned to two different isomers of a complex containing one molecule of tetrazine and one molecule of acetylene. The +15 band was due to a planar structure where the proton of acetylene forms a hydrogen bond with the nitrogen lone pair of tetrazine and the π cloud of the acetylene interacts with the hydrogen atom of the tetrazine ring. The +80 cm−1 band is due to a stacked complex with the acetylene molecule above and parallel to the plane of the tetrazine. In this isomer, the axis of the acetylene bisects the N–N bonds of the tetrazine. The...


From the special logic of the viewpoint about government "modernization" in ethnic area,from the current contrary theory of latent modemization and from the reasonable relationship between the government of latent modernization and present society,this article explores the problem of the experience initiation of "government interference" to the administration in ethnic area and the practical claim for "government interference" in ethnic area required by the synchronicity of social economic development.It's purpose lies in accelerating the modern transformation in ethnic areas.


Background: JCV is a DNA polyomavirus identified in human cancers. In Egypt, very limited data about presence of JC polyomavirus in immunocompromised cancer patients. Here, we investigated JCV infection and viral DNA load in Egyptian patients with different tumors and its possible correlation with outcome of the disease. Patients and Methods: Fifty blood samples were collected from cancer patients with different solid tumors, and 20 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals as a control group. All samples were subjected to detection of JC polyomavirus by seminested PCR (snPCR) assay using primers targeting large T antigen and real time PCR to measure viral load. Results: The sensitivity level of snPCR assay was 100 copies/ul for JC polyomavirus, while the sensitivity level of quantitative PCR assay was found to be 10 copies/ul. Our snPCR assay was highly specific. JC polyomovirus DNA could be detected in 6 of 51 (11.8%) patients with solid tumors, but none of control was positive for JC polyomavirus DNA. Median viral load was found to be 200 copies/ul of serum. Conclusion: Elevation of JC polyomaviruses copies in patients with different human cancers suggesting its correlation with pathogenesis of disease, but further analysis is required on a larger scale to confirm such findings. [Samah Aly Loutfy, Lamiaa Hussein, EL-Chaimaa Bilal Mohamed, Salem Eid Salem Mohamed Emad Abd ElMoniem Abada, Entsar Abd El-Moniem Ahmed, Amira H.Soliman. Detection of Human JC Polyomavirus DNA in Patients with Solid Tumors by Semi-Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. Life Sci J 2014;11(12):918-927]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 160


Experimental data on silicon nitride film growth have been obtained from a radial-flow, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor. A nonisothermal mathematical model has been developed consisting of Navier-Stokes, energy, and species balance equations taking into account the temperature dependence of physical properties. The model is predictive at various power input levels for film compositions and growth rates.


Empathy and kindness are important tenants when working and caring for patients in healthcare. The RCGP motto is Cum Scientia Caritas – scientific knowledge applied with compassion. Following the 290 failings in care found in the mid Staffordshire Trust, the Francis Enquiry Report published in 2013 recommended above all that there should be openness, transparency and candour throughout the health care system (including a statutory duty of candour), fundamental standards for health care providers and improved support for compassionate caring and committed care and stronger health care leadership. This article by Dr Hana Patel looks at how the Francis Report has shaped empathy and kindness in healthcare since these recommendations were made.


Access to information and electronic resources is a main hurdle faced by e-learners. In addition, it is difficult to find learning materials that best suit student's needs while tutors need to find an automatic way for receiving feedback from students. Therefore, the development of efficient new procedures to better guide students for selecting suitable learning materials is becoming a challenging factor in the e-Learning environment.


Empiricism has characterized the traditional methods of pile design; in essence, pile design recommendations are based on the accumulated knowledge of pile behaviour based on the construction and subsequent load testing of piles in soil and rock. In this paper, the traditional approaches to design of piles in rock will be briefly reviewed. It will be shown that the unrelated empirical relationships developed fur rock lead to considerable uncertainty in the design of piles. A new method for predicting the shaft resistance of piles socketed into rock, and based on fundamental principles is outlined. It is shown that the shaft resistance predictions of this method agree well with the field test data for rock and hard soil. It is demonstrated by way of a limited parametric study that shaft roughness and socket diameter are critical factors in the performance of piles constructed in these materials. The application of the method to piles socketed into the granites and gneisses of Korea is discussed by way of a case study and by reference to recent direct shear tests on these rocks.


This paper investigates corporate announcements related to the Russia‐Ukraine conflict of S&P 500 firms. We observe that firms withdrawing from Russia or suspending operations possess higher cash levels. Additionally, firms with more cash seem to announce withdrawals or suspensions more promptly. These findings suggest that cash levels are pivotal in how firms respond to geopolitical events. While cash does not seem influential when firms announce donations due to the conflict, it does affect the speed of such announcements. Social media also appears to play a significant role. Examining investor reactions to donation or withdrawal/suspension announcements, we report negative returns surrounding these announcements. Our paper underscores the critical role of cash reserves (i.e., financial flexibility) in shaping firm reactions to geopolitical events.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy provides unique possibilities for the structural investigation of insoluble molecules at the atomic level. Recent efforts aim at solving the complete structures of biological macromolecules using high‐resolution magic angle spinning NMR. Structurally homogenous samples of [13C,15N]‐labeled proteins have to be used in this type of studies. Microcrystalline model proteins present valuable tools for the developments of methods towards this goal. This review discusses recent progress in the field, using the Crh protein as an illustrative example. We discuss strategies for resonance assignments and for the determination of structure and dynamics, as well as techniques for the detection of protein interaction partners and folding mechanisms by solid‐state NMR methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A method for detecting an axle spacing offset (F) of a robot (2), which is a 6-axis robot which comprises a socket connection, the opposing an installation surface and a pedestal compound robot arm (6) is fixed, wherein the robot arm (6) by sequentially connecting a first connection (7), a second connection (8), a third connection (9), a fourth connection (10), a fifth connection (11) and a sixth connection (12) a robot arm (6) by means of a first rotational joint (J1), a second rotary joint (J2), a third pivot joint (J3), a fourth rotary joint (J4), a fifth rotary joint (J5), and a sixth pivot joint (J6) is configured wherein a rotational axis of a rotary shaft (14) of the second connection (8) with the first connection (7) connecting the second rotary joint (J2) parallel to the direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of a rotary shaft (14) of the first connection (7) with the socket connection connecting the first rotating joint (J1) extends, wherein a rotational axis of a rotary shaft (14) of the covers, the third connection (9) to the second connection (8) connecting the third pivot joint (J3) parallel to the rotational axis of the rotary shaft (14) of the second rotary joint (J2), wherein a rotational axis of a rotary shaft (14) of the fourth connection (10) with the third connection (9) connecting the fourth swivel joint (J4) extends parallel to the vertical direction of the rotational axis of the rotary shaft (14) of the third rotary joint (J3), wherein a rotational axis of a rotary shaft (14) of the fifth connection (11) with the fourth connection (10) connecting the fifth rotary joint (J5) extends parallel to the vertical direction of the rotational axis of the rotary shaft (14) of the fourth swivel joint (J4), wherein a rotational axis of a rotary shaft (14) of the sixth connection (12) to the fifth connection (11) connecting the sixth rotary joint (J6) extends parallel to the vertical direction of the rotational axis of the rotary shaft (14) of the fifth swivel joint (J5), wherein coordinates of the first to sixth joints (7-12) wherein the axes of rotation of the rotary shafts (14) of the first to sixth pivot joints (J1-J6) are fixed, and ...


Motor tests to verify the performance of athletes are an integral part of long-term sports training. The aim was to design a specific short-interval training load that could be used as a diagnostic testing tool, develop the relevant assessment methodology and identify its immediate effects on motor performance. The research set consisted of 45 subjects divided into three groups of 15 (women, men, boxers). The load exercise was designed as a physical equivalent of a boxing match with the duration of 3x3 min., and it consisted of repetitive power-speed sequences: a combination of two push-ups and one maximum-effort movement. The duration of one sequence was approximately 5 seconds. We counted the number of sequences during the 3x3 min. load. During the sequence, we measured the duration of the hand contact with the pad in the first and second push-up, and the time it took the subject to run around a dummy, the sum of which represents the sequence intensity. During the load, we also evaluated the drop in performance and gave the overall test score. In our best subject, the number of sequences decreased from 29 in the first round to 25 in the third round. The sequence intensity decreased from 3.52 ± 0.28s to 3.93 ± 0.28s p < 0.01. The total score decreased from 8.24 to 6.45 points. The performance drop varied from 9.5% to 20.5%. When evaluating the entire set, the boxers achieved the highest number of sequences p <0.01 and they also exhibited a decrease in performance between the rounds p <0.01. In view of sequence intensity, males and boxers achieved similar results p> 0.05, and no reduction of performance p> 0.05 was recorded between the rounds. The best total score was achieved by the boxers p <0.01; and they also showed a decrease in performance between the rounds p <0.01. The designed load exercise can serve as a useful training means for the development of special endurance, but also diagnostics.


The interaction between competition rules and intellectual property («IP») rights has long been among the most interesting, controversial and widely discussed issues in competition law. At a first…


For dusty and explosive use environment, especially in coal mines, mostly self-cooled and water-cooled electromagnetic iron separators are used. This article introduces the application of water cooling internal circulation technology to electromagnetic separator equipment for the first time, the advantages and disadvantages of the three cooling methods as well as the development process and application prospects of the internal circulating water-cooled electromagnetic separator are introduced and analyzed respectively.


The literature is unclear about the relative contributions of environmental supporting conditions to younger and older adults' episodic memory performance. The work reported addresses the conditions under which different support patterns are obtained. In three experiments, younger and older adults learned picture-word pairs and were then tested with a cued-recall task. Supportive conditions included semantic relations between the pair members (all experiments), and first-letter cues for the target words at retrieval (Experiments 2 and 3). Results of the three experiments indicated different patterns of support for younger and older adults, depending on the number and location of the supporting conditions used. These different patterns are in line with the suggestion that whereas younger adults benefit substantially from support at encoding only, older adults require support at both encoding and retrieval. Alternative accounts of the results are also discussed.


COMBATANTS HAVE BEEN FIGHTING FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS. STRUCTURED COMBAT SPORTS BETWEEN 2 MEN HAVE EXISTED FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS AS A SPORT SIMILAR TO WHAT WE CURRENTLY KNOW AS MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA). SEVERAL CHANGES HAVE OCCURRED IN MMA IN THE LAST 2 DECADES, ALLOWING THE SPORT TO BECOME MORE PROFESSIONAL, WITH RULES, MEDIA EXPOSURE, AGENTS, AND MILLIONS OF SPECTATORS WORLDWIDE. THUS, IT IS IMPORTANT TODAY FOR ATHLETES AND STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES TO BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THE MOST APPROPRIATE FORMS OF TRAINING FOR THESE MODALITIES, INCLUDING NOT ONLY FIGHTING TECHNIQUE BUT ALSO OTHER RELATED COMPONENTS OF OPTIMAL PHYSICAL CONDITIONING, SUCH AS WARM-UP, FLEXIBILITY TRAINING, AND COOL-DOWN.


CORRELATION BETWEEN HbA1c, MEAN PLATELET VOLUME (MPV) WITH THE DEGREE OF RETINOPATHY IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS Mardiya Sari, Dharma Lindarto Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Department Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatera, H.Adam Malik Hospital, Medan ** Background: Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) shows the average size of platelets in the circulation and can be used to assess the activity of platelets. Increased of MPV can be sign of atherotrombosis and can be used to assess the risk of vascular complications in diabetic patients Aim: To assess . the association between HbA1c, MPV and degree of retinopathy in diabetes patients Methods: A cross sectional study had been done . in 77 patients from the outpatient and inpatient at Haji Adam Malik Hospital from June until July 2013 and had been conducted anamneses, vital signs, physical examination, blood routine, fasting blood sugar and 2-hour post prandial, HbA1c, lipid profile and funduscopy. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the association between MPV with HbA1c and Oneway ANOVA was used to assess the association between MPV with other parameters to the degree of retinopathy Results: There is significant difference of mean MPV between normal funduscopy group compared than PDR group (9.57±0.63 vs 10.45±0.51, p=0.044). PDR group are older (p=0.001), longer suffered from diabetes (p=0.0001) and hypertension (p=0.011). There are significant correlation between MPV with duration of diabetes mellitus (r=0.71, p=0.01), platelet count (r=0.52, p=0.0001), hypertension (r=0.284 p=0.012) and degree of retinopathy (r=0.331, p=0.003). There are no significant correlation between MPV with fasting blood glucose levels (p=0.208), 2 hour post-prandial blood glucose (p=0.121) and HbA1c(p=0.538). Conclusion: There are significant correlation between MPV with duration of diabetes, hypertension and degree of retinopathy. There are no correlation between HbA1c with MPV and between HbA1c with degree of retinopathy. .


The concept of effective jamming figure is introduced and the traditional radar detectable SNR model is modified in this paper. Using the example of blanking active jamming, the thesis detailedly analyzes the way of determining the effective jamming figure and the SNR model under different jamming/anti-jamming conditions.


Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are essential building blocks in applications ranging from electronic instrumentation to modern communication systems and devices for Internet-of-Things (IoT). These applications demand power-efficient and reliable circuits to extend battery life, and low-voltage operation capability to allow energy harvesting operated devices. One of the most suitable ADC topologies for low-voltage and low-power applications is the Sigma-Delta (SD) ADC, whose design bottleneck is the loop-filter low-voltage operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). This thesis presents the development of sub-1V continuous-time sigma-delta modulators (CT-SDMs) with inverterbased amplifiers. The state of the art of CT-SDMs with inverter-based amplifiers has been delimited, and two low-voltage CT-SDMs prototypes have been designed and experimentally characterized. The first prototype is a 0.6-V third-order single-bit CT-SDM with a single-amplifier resonator in the loop filter and a low-power structure to implement the feed forward coefficients and quantization to increase power efficiency. The proposed single-stage inverter-based OTA topology has a negative conductance cell for DC gain enhancement and uses an on-chip bulk-bias technique to control the output common-mode voltage and to mitigate PVT variations. A compensation technique to mitigate the effects of amplifier's finite DC gain in the resonator transfer function is presented enabling the use of low-gain amplifiers (≤ 40 dB). The proposed modulator was fabricated in a 130nm triple-well CMOS process with an active area of 0.232 mm2 and presented a peak SNR/SNDR of 69.04/59.43 dB and a DR of 74.2 dB for a 100-kHz signal bandwidth while consuming 89.50 μW. The second prototype is a power-efficient third-order CTSDM with three loop-filter integrators and a passive RC path to assist the first integrator amplifier. The proposed inverter-based OTA uses a bulk-based current mirror to provide its operating point and to reduce gain-bandwidth product (GBW) variations. The proposed modulator was fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process with an active area of 0.36 mm2. The modulator loop filter operates with a supply voltage as low as 0.45 V while the digital circuitry operates at 0.6 V. The modulator power consumption is 28.72 μW. For a 50-kHz signal bandwidth, the measured peak SNR/SNDR is 71.24/70.64 dB and the achieved DR is 78.3 dB, leading to a Schreier figure-of-merit of 170.70 dB.


Medical research contracts including the state-funded research contracts and enterprises-funded research contract,The application of law and dispute resolution approach depends on the legal nature of two contracts.Therefore,the legal nature of the medical research contracts and contract risk prevention is the focus of this study.

Key words:
Medical research contract;  Legal nature;  Risk prevention


A field experiment was conducted at Maize Research Station, AICMIP, Agricultural Research Institute, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi 2011-12 to study the "Performance of sweet corn hybrid under different levels of irrigation and nitrogen applied through drip system". The experiment was laid out in a factorial RBD with combinations of five Irrigation levels viz., I1 Drip irrigation at 60% Epan, I2 Drip irrigation at 80% Epan, I3 Drip irrigation at 100% Epan, I4 Drip irrigation at 120% Epan and I5 – Ridge and furrow/surface irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE and four N fertigation levels viz., N1-120 Kg ha, N2-160 Kg ha , N3-200 Kg ha and N4240 kg ha and was replicated thrice. Sweet corn hybrid HSC-1(Haryana sweet corn-1) was sown on 15-11-2011 at a spacing of 60 x 20 cm with one seed hill. 60 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O ha were applied in the form of SSP and MOP as basal to all the treatments. The experimental soil was clay loam with low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The irrigation and fertigation treatments were scheduled once in two days and six days respectively as per the treatments. The mean maximum and minimum temperature were 30.8c and 14.4c respectively during crop growth period. No rainfall was received during experimental period. The mean bulk density and available soil moisture in 60 cm depth of soil was 1.417 g cm and 121.28 mm respectively. Plant height LAI and dry matter production were not influenced by drip irrigation and N fertigation levels at 20 DAS. The maximum plant height, LAI and dry matter production were recorded with drip irrigation scheduled at 120% Epan at 40, 60 DAS and at harvest and statistically on par with 100% Epan. Among the nitrogen levels, application of N at 240 kg ha recorded maximum plant height, LAI and dry matter production and it was on par with 200 kg N ha but significantly superior over other treatments. The interaction effect of treatments was not significant on plant height and LAI at all crop growth stages whereas dry matter production was significantly influenced by interaction of treatments at 60 DAS and at harvest. Dry matter production was higher at drip irrigation level of 120% Epan along with 240 kg ha(I4N4) and was at par with I4N3, I3N4 and I3N3. The leaf stem ratio was significantly influenced due to irrigation and nitrogen levels at all the growth stages. Maximum leaf stem ratio was registered with drip at 120% Epan it was statistically on par with 100% Epan. Each increment of N level from 120 kg ha to 240 kg ha significantly influenced leaf stem ratio at 20 and 40 DAS reaching a maximum at 240 kg ha but it was on par with 200 kg N ha at 60 DAS and at harvest. The less number of days to reach 50 per cent tasseling and silking was recorded with drip irrigation scheduled at 120% Epan and 100% Epan. Application of 200 and 240 kg N ha took same number of days to reach 50 per cent tasseling and silking. Yield attributes viz., cob length, fresh cob weight, number of kernels per row, number of cobs per plant and test weight were significantly higher by scheduling drip irrigation at 120% Epan and it was on par with drip at 100% Epan but superior over other treatments. Each increment in N levels significantly increased all these attributes up to 200 kg ha. Cob girth was maximum with drip irrigation scheduled at 120% E pan and it was on par with 80 and 100% Epan. Cob girth recorded at 240 kg N ha was higher and it was on par with 160 and 200 kg N ha. Interaction between Irrigation and nitrogen levels was not significant on these attributes except number of cobs plant The response of sweet corn to drip-fertigation was found superior in terms of green cob yield and fodder yield. Maximum green cob yield and fodder yield were recorded with drip irrigation scheduled at 120% Epan followed by 100% Epan and both were significantly superior from remaining levels of irrigation. Lowest yield was recorded with surface irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio. All the drip irrigation levels were significantly superior over surface method of irrigation. Among the nitrogen levels, application of 240 kg N ha was recorded maximum green cob yield and fodder yield which was on par with 200 kg N ha and both were significantly differed from remaining dose of nitrogen levels. Minimum green cob and fodder yield were recorded at 120 kg N ha.The interaction effect between drip irrigation scheduling and N fertigation levels showed that significantly higher green cob yield and fodder yield were obtained with drip irrigation at 120% Epan and N fertigation of 240 ka ha(I4N4) but drip at 120% and 100% Epan along with application of 240 and 200 kg N ha recorded on par results but significantly superior from other treatments. Crude protein content of sweet corn kernels was superior with drip at 120% Epan and 100% Epan. Application of nitrogen levels of 240 and 200 kg ha recorded on par results but superior performance over other treatments. Sucrose content of sweet corn was significantly influenced by nitrogen levels only and it increased with increase in levels of nitrogen from 120 to 240 kg ha. Application of 240 kg N ha recorded maximum per cent of sucrose in the grain but it was found on par with 200 kg N ha. Maximum uptake of nutrients (N, P and K) at harvest was observed with drip irrigation scheduled at 120% Epan and was on par with drip irrigation scheduled at 100% Epan while in case of nitrogen levels, significantly higher uptake was obtained with application of 240 kg N hafollowed by 200 kg N ha and superior over remaining treatments. Influence of varying irrigation and nitrogen levels on nutrient status of soil at harvest showed significant difference for available nitrogen only. Maximum availability of N was noticed in drip irrigation schedule at 100% E pan followed by 120% E pan and both were at par. Available nitrogen content of soil increased with higher doses of nitrogen (240 kg N ha) however it was on par with 200 kg N ha. Irrigation scheduling through drip at 120% Epan resulted in higher crop coefficient value (Kc) at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest. Kc values increased linearly with advancement of crop life, attained peak values at mid season stage and decreased towards late season stage. The seasonal crop ETa was highest in drip at 120% Epan followed by 100% Epan. Highest field water use efficiency (FWUE) efficiency was recorded with drip at 60% Epan followed by drip at 80%, 100% and 120% Epan respectively. Crop water use efficiency was significantly higher with drip irrigation scheduled at 60% Epan. However, Drip at 80%, 100% and 120% Epan recorded on par results of crop water use efficiency but significantly superior to surface irrigation scheduled at 1.0 IW/CPE. Crop water use efficiency increased with increase in N levels reaching a maximum at 240 and 200 kg ha respectively. The economics of sweet corn hybrid as influenced by drip irrigation and N fertigation revealed that the highest net returns (Rs.57266 ha) were obtained with drip irrigation scheduled at 120% Epan followed by 100% Epan. Regarding the nitrogen levels, highest net returns (Rs.50342 ha) were obtained with 240 kg N ha followed by 200 kg ha. Higher B: C ratio (2.6) was obtained with drip irrigation scheduled at 120% Epan and 100% Epan and the lowest (1.5) was recorded with surface irrigation. Among the nitrogen levels, the highest B: C ratio (2.4) was obtained with 240 kg N ha and 200 kg N ha. The lowest B:C ratio was with 120 kg N ha (1.8). It can be concluded that for maximizing production of sweet corn, drip irrigation scheduling at 100% Epan and N fertigation at 200 Kg ha can be recommended in semiarid climate of Andhra Pradesh.


The objective of the H2020-funded EURO-CARES project is to create a roadmap for the implementation of a European Extra-terrestrial Sample Curation Facility (ESCF) that would be suitable for the curation of samples from all possible return missions likely over the next few decades, to the Moon, asteroids and Mars.


Dynamic rupture simulations generate synthetic waveforms that account for non-linear source, path, and site complexity. Here, we analyze millions of spatially dense waveforms from 3D dynamic rupture simulations in a novel way to illuminate the spectral fingerprints of earthquake physics. We define a Brune-type equivalent near-field corner frequency ($f_c$) to analyze the spatial variability of ground motion spectra and unravel their link to source complexity. We first investigate a simple 3D strike-slip setup, including an asperity and a barrier, and illustrate basic relations between source properties and $f_c$ variations. Next, we analyze>13,000,000 synthetic near-field strong motion waveforms generated in three high-resolution dynamic rupture simulations of real earthquakes, namely, the $M_w$ 7.1 2019 Ridgecrest mainshock, the $M_w$ 6.4 Searles Valley foreshock, and the $M_w$ 7.3 1992 Landers earthquake. All scenarios consider 3D fault geometries, topography, off-fault plasticity, viscoelastic attenuation, 3D velocity structure, and resolve frequencies up to 1-2 Hz. Our analysis reveals pronounced and localized patterns of elevated $f_c$, specifically in the vertical components. We validate such $f_c$ variability in observed near-fault spectra. Using isochrone analysis, we identify the complex dynamic mechanisms that explain the rays of elevated $f_c$ and cause unexpectedly impulsive, localized, vertical ground motions. While the vertical high frequencies are also associated with path effects, rupture directivity, and coalescence of multiple rupture fronts, we show that they are dominantly caused by rake-rotated surface-breaking rupture fronts that decelerate due to fault heterogeneities or geometric complexity. Our findings highlight the potential of spatially dense ground motion observations for furthering our understanding of earthquake physics directly from near-field data.


We describe the implementation of trigger algorithm specifically tailored on the characteristics of the neutrino telescope NEMO. Extensive testing against realistic simulations shows that, by making use of the uncorrelated nature of the noise produced mainly by the decay of K-40 beta-decay, this trigger is capable to discriminate among different types of muonic events.


The lunar core is stratified into an outer core and an inner core. They can be estimated according to the second degree of gravity field model and selenophysical libration parameters from lunar laser ranging (LLR). We use the high-resolution lunar gravity field model GL1500E to evaluate the size and density of lunar core, which are inversed through a nonlinear particle swarm optimization. A large number of inversion indicates that, the outer diameter of the outer core is about 469 km with a corresponding density of 4 613 kg/m3, the radius of the inner core is around 303 km with a corresponding density of 7 004 kg/m3 and the density of mantle surrounds 3 340 kg/m3, which is quite close to the geological value of 3 360 kg/m3. The radii of inner core and outer core are quite close to other recent studies as well. The size and density of the lunar core found here can be therefore meaningful. If the lunar core is composed of pure iron and ferrous sulfide, our study shows that the inner core is mainly composed of pure iron whereas the outer core is largely composed of ferrous sulfide.


Abstract During the Paris Commune of 1871, four spectacular concerts took place at the Tuileries Palace. Although the musical genre most often associated with the Communards is popular song, these Tuileries concerts primarily featured instrumental works and operatic numbers. Indeed, during much of their short reign the Communards sought to nurture elite music, in particular through attempts to control the Paris Opéra and its repertory. This article treats the Tuileries concerts as a starting point for understanding the Commune's brief direction of the Opéra, exploring ways in which the movement's attitude towards elite music at both venues engaged with a number of its central preoccupations. It suggests that Communards, often depicted as merely destructive, were anxious to rehabilitate their reputation and legitimise their status through the appropriation of high culture.


The interactions between thiazol yellow G(TY)and bovine serum albumin(BSA) were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy.The binding constants and binding sites of TY with BSA were measured at different temperatures.The experimental results revealed that TY has a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and the interaction has been verified as consistent with the static quenching procedure.According to thermodynamic parameters,the acting forces were determined to be hydrophobic force.Based on the mechanism of the Frster energy transference,the transfer efficiency of energy E and transfer distance r between the acceptor TY and donor BSA were obtained at different temperatures(16,30,40 ℃).E = 0.419 6,r = 3.05 nm;E=0.401 9,r = 3.04 nm;E = 0.386 5,r = 3.10 nm respectively.The presence of BSA could decrease the fluorescence intensity of TY.And the F0/F was linear in the range(LDR)of 3×10-7~2×10-5 mol/L,the limit of detection(LOD) was 9.07×10-7 mol/L,and the relative standard deviation was 1.7%.


The proposed novel wideband PBG microstrip line that has defect tapered ground surface consisting of lowpass, bandstop and leaky wave characteristics, respectively. The simulated results with full wave electromagnetic analyses are in good agreement with those experimental data and the optimal structure of PBG bringing about the perturbation electromagnetic waves will be determined.


transformation of i8th into I9th century, was perhaps the most significant that has occurred in Europe in times recent enough for the historian to be able to approach them familiarly. This makes it a useful basis of enquiry into the connections between religious and other social trends. It invites attention also because it recapitulated some features of the earlier, more important, revivals in the I6th century, and may throw a retrospective light on these. In the form of Wesleyan and Calvinist Methodism, the revival began a little before I740, in the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Underlying it through the next hundred years were the complex social shifts brought about by economic change. In the middle of this period there was a sudden acceleration, a broadening of a sectarian cult into something like a national faith. It may be permissible to say that in general, as in this case, religious impulses begin at the lower social levels, in response to changes to which the mass of people are more sensitive, because more directly exposed, than those above them; and that the latter move from hostility to acceptance only when an external shock comes to emphasise the dangers of internal discontent. Jacobinism, which abolished the Christian calendar in France, helped to establish the Victorian Sabbath in England. The following remarks are concerned with the moment, about I8oo, when religious enthusiasm was recognised as a possible support of order and stability. In other words they are mainly concerned with only one, and a negative, aspect of the movement. On this side many of its affinities are with the ' Counter-Reformation type ' of religious revival, that namely of which the social function is to help in preserving an essentially static social order. As a whole this revival is an heir of the Reformation, a descendant of English Puritanism, and like them is associated with the emergence of a new social pattern out of an old one. But even for an understanding of the conservatism of i8oo, the revival must be seen as something ' popular,' originating from the people, like every genuine religious impulse. Wesley, a staunch conservative of High Church leanings, gave his name and imprint, and an organisation, to something he had liberated rather than


The utility model discloses a novel power consumption of no bucking is supported. The utility model discloses a set up two support core component that have certain clearance in the overcoat steel pipe, the power consumption steel sheet that cracks through the several couples together the overcoat steel pipe with support core component, when horizontal earthquake takes place, because relative displacement takes place for the lower extreme on the attenuator, then core component emergence relative displacement is supported at both ends, thereby relative displacement takes place with the overcoat steel pipe for the power consumption steel sheet that drives rather than linking to each other, the shape of changing is issued at the exogenic action to billet between power consumption the cracking on the steel sheet, when the deformation reaches the certain degree, the yield failure just takes place for the billet, like this under relapse loading, the billet reaches the mesh that consumes seismic energy through the deformation that relapses, damped rigidity and power consumption ability can be adjusted through thickness, the length that changes the steel sheet and the number (confirming by calculating) of cracking to this attenuator, therefore can effectually reduce structural vibration. For comparing with viscoelastic damper, this attenuator receives excitation frequency and influence of temperature less.


This study provides an estimation procedures and statistical package programing for temporal disaggregation of time series data. That is, this method is used to disaggregate low frequency data to higher frequency data. Temporal disaggregation can be performed with one or more high frequency indicator series.


Military radio networks such as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) usually rely on global satellite navigation systems (GNSSs) for network time synchronization. However, in reality all nodes may not have a GNSS timing device or they do not have a direct link to a GNSS timed node. In addition, in some situations GNSSs may fail. Therefore, additional supporting mechanisms are needed for synchronization. This paper provides a hybrid algorithm that uses GNSS timed nodes as master time servers if they are available but automatically turns to a distributed mode if GNSS time is not available providing robustness and survivability. Furthermore, the distributed mode can be used also as a stand-alone synchronization mechanism, i.e., a GNSS time reference is not necessarily needed at all. Simulations show the behavior of the algorithm in different scenarios but as main conclusions it can be said that the availability of GNSS timed nodes speeds up the initial convergence, the convergence rate depends on the number of nodes and the number of hops and that if GNSS time is lost, the network still maintains synchronism but time is not necessarily GNSS time.


Masahiro Amano, Suchat Kalyawongsa*, Komon Pragtong*, Teunchai Lakhaviwattanakul*, Adisom Noochdumron *, and Hidesato Kanomata During the past few decades, the forest area in Thailand markedly decreased from 53 % to 26 % of the total land area during the period 1960-1995. The forest cover has been converted to other types of land use, such as, farmland, urban areas, orchards, etc. In this study attempts were made to analyze the process of deforestation in the Mae Klang Watershed Research Station (Llntin), Thongphaphum District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. This case study is useful to observe the drastic changes in land use and land cover in rural areas in Thailand. Five different time series of aerial photographs were interpreted and land use maps were made in 1954, 1969, 197 4, 1986 and 1994 to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic forces on land use changes in rural Thailand. From aerial interpretation, we can classify land use into two main types; forest and agricultural land. Based on the land use maps of 1954 and 1994, the forest cover in mountainous areas had been less converted to other types of land use than that in flat areas. However, forests in mountainous areas were continuously degraded during the study period. On the other hand, forest land use in flat areas decreased gradually from 1954 to 197 4, and rapidly in 197 4 and 1994 while agricultural land use increased. The changes of the forest cover in the mountainous and flat areas indicate that the topographic factors are related to the changes ofland use and land cover in the area. In flat areas, the increase of the number of households in the two villages was an important factor for the conversion of the forest area to agricultural land. Therefore anthropogenic factors directly affected land use and land cover changes in the study area.


This paper investigates longitudinal vehicle control for platooning. Two- car platooning is realized by controlling the throttle of the following car. A vehicle model which is used for simulation and as a control model for experiment is constructed. Comparison of sliding control and PID control is done under various conditions. It is shown that especially under large initial deviation from the target state sliding control has better stability and more rapid convergence than PID control.


We give a very short proof of the claim in the title. Under certain circumstances, this result reduces the study of acyclic cluster algebras to that of cluster algebras associated to bipartite quivers. For instance, it implies that the positivity conjecture for skew-symmetric acyclic cluster algebras, whose known proofs [3, 4, 1] are quite technical, is an immediate consequence of a result of Nakajima in [5]. A quiver Q = (Q0, Q1, t, h) is a finite oriented graph consisting of Q0, the set of vertices, Q1, the set of arrows, and two functions t, h : Q1 −→ Q0 attaching to an arrow α its tail t(α) and head h(α). The quiver mutation has been discovered in [2]. Let Q be any quiver without oriented cycles. Let l be the maximum length of all oriented paths in Q. Let Q = Q. For each integer i ≥ 0, we construct a new quiver Q from Q as follows. Step 1: Let Γi be the set of oriented paths in Q (i) with length l. Let α ∈ Q (i) 1 be an arrow which does not lie in any oriented path with length l, i.e., α 6∈ γ for all γ ∈ Γi. (If no such arrow exists, then let j = i and go to Step 2.) Introduce a new vertex vα. Add an arrow from h(α) to vα and another arrow from vα to t(α). Let Q (i+1) be the resulting quiver obtained by mutating at vα. Note that Q (i+1) does not have oriented cycles. Repeat Step 1. This step terminates in finitely many steps. Step 2: Note that all maximal oriented paths in Q have the same length. For each integer i ≥ j, let Q be the quiver obtained from Q by mutating at all sources in Q. Then the length of every maximal oriented path in Q is equal to 1 or max(1, l+ j − i) for i ≥ j. In particular, Q is bipartite for i ≥ j + l− 1.


The invention discloses a two-cavity double-color strip die head. The two-cavity double-color strip die head comprises a die sleeve, a discharging die core, an outer-layer shunting core rod, an inner-layer shunting core rod, and an adjusting bolt; an end part of the die sleeve is provided with a discharging die sleeve; the die sleeve is provided with the discharging die core; a discharging channel is arranged between the discharging die core and the discharging die sleeve; the outer-layer shunting core rod comprises an outer-layer feeding inlet and shunting channels; the shunting channels are a shunting structure composed of an inclined shunting device; the inner-layer shunting core rod comprises an inner-layer feeding inlet, 14 shunting cores, two oblique shunting grooves, a spiral shunting groove and an annular direct flowing groove; the two oblique shunting grooves are communicated with the spiral shunting groove; and the spiral shunting groove is communicated with the annular direct flowing groove. According to the two-cavity double-color strip die head, forming speed, width and uniformity of tube blanks of the 14 lines are uniform, and interflow traces of materials is avoided thoroughly. The two-cavity double-color strip die head possesses advantages of compact structure, stable quality of produced plastic products and reduced processing cost.


McLachlan's poems are especially distinctive for their simple and natural beauty. This article talks about the quality in three aspects. Different themes of the three poems share one common feature-simplicity on the one hand. In addition, simple language and beautiful and fresh styles are embodied in his poems too.


The Rayleigh–Taylor instability of radiatively driven thin copper foils is studied under pure ablation, as well as with beryllium buffers to provide additional pressure drive, in support of the target design for Inertial Confinement Fusion. Modeling was done with the RAGE adaptive mesh refinement code [R. M. Baltrusaitis, M. L. Gittings, R. P. Weaver, R. F. Benjamin, and J. M. Budzinski, Phys. Fluids 8, 2471 (1996)] of experiments done on the OMEGA [T. R. Boehly, D. L. Brown, R. S. Craxton et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] laser. The copper foils were typically 11.5 μm thick with 0.45 μm amplitude and 45 μm wavelength cosine surface perturbations. The beryllium layer was 5 μm thick. The drive was a "PS26"-like [J. D. Lindl, Phys. Plasmas 2, 3933 (1995)] laser pulse delivering peak 160–185 eV radiation temperatures. Good agreement between experiment and simulation has been obtained out to 4.5 ns. Mechanisms for late time agreement are discussed.


A theoretical analysis and observations of the behavior of motorists confronted by an amber signal light are presented. A discussion is given of the following problem when confronted with an improperly timed amber light phase a motorist may find himself, at the moment the amber phase commences, in the predicament of being too close to the intersection to stop safely or comfortably and yet too far from it to pass completely through the intersection before the red signal commences. The influence on this problem of the speed of approach to the intersection is analyzed. Criteria are presented for the design of amber signal light phases through whose use such "dilemma zones" can be avoided, in the interest of over-all safety at intersections.


Although feasibility is a subjective word, especially when it comes to project management, this paper provides some guidelines on how to go about a feasibility study, what factors to look at in both small and international mapping projects, and what procedure to follow. The author looks at the subject from the viewpoint of the mapping contractor who may be considering undertaking a project in a developing country. Most of the factors which influence mapping projects are particularly pertinent to developing countries, but many factors could apply equally to any large mapping project.