To find the demodulation method for bi-directional power frequency communication that is suitable to complex channel environment,combining with system voltage phase the time-domain feature of two-way power frequency automatic communication system(TWACS) signals are analyzed,and then the amplitude attenuation and time-delay of power frequency modulation signals are researched by time-frequency analysis.By means of simulation analysis and combining with field measurement in power network,it is found that there are defects in the traditional demodulation mode that takes the local power grid voltage zero-crossing as the benchmark,that is,except interfereces in power network,the voltages phase difference at the terminals of sender and receiver will lead to deviation in demodulation time domain,therefore the communication performance is degraded,however the voltage phase difference is related to multi factors such as impedance of transmission line,load,connection mode of power transformer and so on,and these factors are imposible to be predetermined.For this reason,a new modulation method to improve the performacne of power frequency communcation is proposed: the preamble information based on the pseudo-random sequence encoding is added into the sender's terminal,and at the receiver terminal the actual time-domain of modulation signals is determined according to the energy distribution of power frequency modulation signal in preamble information.This way,the demodulation of TWACS signals can be adaptive to voltage phase difference between the terminals of sender and receiver,and then the communication performance is improved.The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by field scale tests.


The article introduces the Talairach Daemon brain atlas, Talairach proportional grid system in three dimensions, Talairach transformation and the application in the surgery planning. In the Talairach coordinate system, MRI and Talairach Daemon brain atlas were registered by within each region linearly. Base on the Talairach Daemon brain and linear methods, We complete a atlas-assisted surgery planning system through VC++ software and this system has been applied in surgery planning. Through actual clinical application, this algorithm is a kind of feasibility method, the Talairach Daemon brain atlas along with applications and methodology allow for rapid surgery planning and more sophisticated trajectories. Additionally, this might result in increased accuracy of targeting, as well as reduced duration, cost of surgery, surgical complications. We think that the proposed solution and application is a step forward in bringing the atlas and research and clinical data together within a practical and powerful solution.


Rice is a staple food for around 3.5 billion people in eastern, southern and south-east Asia. Prior to being rice, the rice-grain (grain) is previously husked and/or milled by the milling machine. Relevantly, the grain quality depends on its pureness of particular grain specie (without the mixing between different grain species). For the demand of grain purity inspection by an image, many researchers have proposed the grain classification (sometimes with localization) methods based on convolutional neural network (CNN). However, those papers are necessary to have a large number of labeling that was too expensive to be manually collected. In this paper, the image augmentation (rotation, brightness adjustment and horizontal flipping) is appiled to generate more number of grain images from the less data. From the results, image augmentation improves the performance in CNN and bag-of-words model. For the future moving forward, the grain recognition can be easily done by less number of images.


The steady-state behaviour of a current source parallel inverter loaded by a resonant circuit is discussed. The state equations are solved by applying the conditions of periodicity. The final results are obtained directly without following the transient changing cycle by cycle which starts with the first cycle. The analysis is based on the symmetrical and periodical behaviour of the inverter (it is assumed that the switching times of thyristors are equal). The advantage of this analysis is that the solution is achieved in a closed form. This method is illustrated by an example of a parallel resonant DC-to-AC inverter analysis in its steady-state operation. The results are also compared with those obtained by applying Fourier series analysis. In both methods the general expressions of the inductor current, capacitor voltage and the input/output power and efficiency as a dependency of the ratio between the switching period and the resonant period, are obtained. The region of the inverter stable behaviour (reliable thyristor switching) is determined.


This article detailes the evolution of Brazilian oil sector, highlighting the government interference, as well the geological achievements since its beginning until reach the current level of exporter with the production of Pre-salt area. Through this article, it is possible to analyze the policies that have stimulated the current results and those that have hampered the development of the industry. According the IEA's WEO predictions, Brazil will perform a relevant geopolitical role in the next years, being among the first eight oil producers countries in 2040, something difficult to forecast if we consider the first steps of the Brazilian Petroleum Industry. Thus, this article can serve as a material to be considered for the elaboration of future policies for the sector, in order to do keep the progress of Brazil Petroleum Industry.


For the last 8 years, the brightness of UV lightsources in KT Broadband inspection tools increased by orders of magnitude due to advances in LSP technology. Challenges of LSP in high-power regime are discussed here.


As part of the Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) Refill/Reflood (R/R) program, the 30/sup 0/ SSTF CCFL/Refill System Effects tests will contribute in part to the overall objectives of the Refill/Reflood program: to develop a better understanding of the phenomena controlling the refill and reflood phase of BWR loss of coolant accidents (LOCAs); to provide a basis for and support to the development and qualifications of best-estimate BWR system thermal hydraulic codes for LOCAs; and to provide a basis for assessing assumptions used in establishing BWR LOCA safety margins. The primary role of the SSTF CCFL/Reflood tests will be in providing a data base for assessment of BWR best-estimate separate effect and system models. Inherent in this task is the generation of data addressing the phenomena controlling the refill phase of BWR LOCAs and hydraulic phenomena leading to the initiation of bottom reflood. This data base can also be utilized to address the assumptions and models currently used in evaluation of BWR LOCA conditions.


'Life is a challenge – meet it'. For a woman life is always a challenge and since ages she has been subjected to face many challenges thrown by society, customs, traditions and men. This inevitably reflects itself in literature. The attitude of the 'wife' has also undergone a change as women have started learning and earning. Many women writers from India and Africa are the 'heralds of the new vision'. Feminist consciousness permeates the works of these writers. Today a woman writing is a woman fighting. She is fighting for truth, honesty, freedom and equality in the face of stiff resistance offered by man..

In Anglo-phone English literature a few women writers have made their mark successfully. The gender war has become the major theme in the writings of Flora Nwapa, Buchi Emecheta and others. Emecheta is the most genuine, eloquent and impressive writer, for she speaks with a voice that is authentic. She views her writing as "release for all my anger, all my bitterness, my disappointments, my questions and my joy".

She believes that fiction has a vital social responsibility. Emecheta's heroines are pioneer figures in West African fiction. They are the 'new' African Women. Emecheta chooses a variety of themes - from consolation of motherhood as a female prerogative to the protestations of feminist activism which call for a more autonomous and fulfilling role for women. The theme of 'Identity and Selfhood' is the chief motif of her novels.

Emecheta's work best illustrates Literature as Resistance. It is comprehensive as it touches upon every significant aspect in the life of woman who for ages has suffered every kind of suppression. A woman can emancipate herself and gain recognition for her 'self' as woman, only through resistance and will to fight for her rights. The present paper's focus is mainly on Buchi Emecheta's women characters who are outstanding symbols of awakened women who resist with all their will the ages old repression women are subjected to.


The paper is concerned with the data obtained during 17-year prospective follow-up of over 500 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who received individualized treatment mainly with basic drugs. Cases of repair of bone erosions in small joints of the hands and feet are described as are cases of complete or partial repair of osteolysis in 8 patients with significant RA treated for a long time with parenteral or oral gold drugs, or D-penicillamine in different daily doses.


In this paper, we present a new Smith control design using a deliberate mismatch between the actual process and process model. With this particular representation, every Smith control system has an associated Smith compensated (SC) process that is an interactive function of the actual process and process model. Under this alternative Smith control structure, it is both intuitive and demonstrative by simulation study that the best Smith control design does not necessarily arise from the use of the perfect process model but rather the use of an adequately chosen model that results in the SC process possessing good dynamical properties from the viewpoint of the controller. Thus, the process modeling phase of the Smith control design may be viewed as a process precompensation design, and the final primary controller design will be carried out with respect to the SC process. For ease of practical applications, the entire procedure from modeling to control design may be automated and carried out online, using a new online relay tuning method. Robustness analysis of the new Smith control design is further carried out in the paper by drawing on existing results for single-input-single-output feedback systems. Simulations are provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of both the online autotuning approach and the new Smith control design technique.


Abstract In my view, Jafar Kareem's paper intertwines two distinct, if related, strands: on the one hand, the inter-cultural aspects of analytic psychotherapy, which have been an integral part of the history of psycho-analysis, and, on the other, approaches to, and the provision of, therapeutic interventions for disadvantaged groups


The Counsellor Resource Centre is an Internet site devoted to counselor self-care. This article describes the factors creating the need for such a site, the process used to develop the site, and the structure of the site.


Significance SARS-CoV-2 infections can result in diverse clinical outcomes, including severe disease. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used therapeutically to treat infection, but the emergence of variants has compromised their efficacy. Thus, identifying mAbs that are more durable in the face of SARS-CoV-2 evolution is a pressing need. Here, we describe four mAbs isolated from a Delta-breakthrough infection that can potently neutralize diverse variants, including multiple Omicron variants. In addition, one mAb shows broader activity against coronaviruses. The breadth of these mAbs is due to their focus on highly conserved regions of the viral protein antigen, including regions that are required for the virus to enter the cell. These properties make them promising candidates for therapeutic use.


Background / Aim. In the planning of posterior teeth extraction it is necessary to determine their position and correlation with the surrounding anatomical structures. The aim of this study was to perform CBCT analysis in order to evaluate predictive value of specific OPT radiographic signs in determining the proximity of posterior upper teeth to the maxillary sinus and lower teeth to mandibular canal. Methods. In a prospective study, 460 cases out of 423 patients were analyzed. Seven OPT radiographic signs were assessed to determine the correlation of the third molars to the mandibular canal, while five radiographic signs were followed to determine the correlation of the maxillary sinus floor to the upper posterior teeth. For each OPT radiographic sign a precise analysis of the axial slices of the CBCT was performed . Results. Interruption of the white line is a radiographic sign showing statistically significant interruption of the integrity of the mandibular canal on the CBCT axial slices (p=0.002). Also, diversion of the inferior alveolar canal at the axial sections shows statistically significant interruption of the continuity of the mandibular canal (p=0.003). Radiographic sign darkening of the root showed superimposition of the anatomical structures, a close relationship with the tooth but often with preserved mandibular canal integrity ( p<0.001). Absence of lamina dura, interruption of the maxillary sinus floor's cortex and projection of the root apices in the sinus cavity are radiographic signs that were statistically the most commonly associated with interruption of maxillary sinus integrity on CBCT axial slices (p<0.001). Conclusion. The results of our study indicate that the presence of certain radiographic signs on the OPT may have predictive significance. The exact relationship between anatomical structures and posterior teeth cannot be accurately estimated on OPT. The precise position of the molars and correlation to the mandibular canal and the maxillary sinus can be accurately determined by CBCT imaging.


The method for the direct determination of fluorine in glass on a solid by wide-line NMR (60 MHz) is studied.The results are summerized as follows.1) As the water content of a powdered sample was increased, intensity of fluorine resonance decreased.2) As the amounts of paramagnetic impurities increased, intensity of fluorine NMR signal increased enormously and the plateau regions were in the range more than 0.06% for Fe2O3.3) R. F. saturation factor and spectral line width of 19F signal on fluoride system differed with glasses.This spectroscopic method can be applied to routine analysis when amounts of other components of glasses do not vary.


Contouring motion control plays an important role in modern precision multiaxis motion systems. In order to enhance the coordination between each axis and promote contouring performance, many research works have been conducted that mainly focus on contouring error online estimation and control. Essentially, most of existing control strategies based on emerged contouring error belong to feedback control, which cannot achieve perfect performance due to inevitable delay or lag. To fundamentally tackle the above problem, a novel position-loop feedforward contouring control method is proposed in this paper. Specifically, according to the linear model of each axis and the kinematics characteristics of reference contour, a dynamical model of contouring error in multiaxis systems is firstly developed, which can explain the essential causes of contouring error quantificationally. Then, based on the proposed contouring error model, a position loop feedforward control strategy can be designed for contouring following tasks. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on a three-axis computerized numerical control systems. Various experimental results consistently demonstrate that the contouring error model can accurately predict actual contouring error to some degree. Compared with the conventional model-based feedforward approach, the proposed strategy can not only point out the essential causes of contouring error directly, but also achieve better contouring performance.


Graphitization in solid state has been investigated.By the way of thermalmetallography we can observe the process of the graphitization occurring on the surface of the samples treated by different inoculantors.The factors of controlling the graphitization in solid stated have been discussed.


History An asymptomatic 49-year-old man was referred because of an abnormal chest roentgenogram. Findings from physical examination were normal. Chest roentgenograms, tomogram, and esophagogram are presented (Fig 1 through 4). Diagnosis Bronchogenic cyst. An oval hemogeneous shadow to the left of the upper posterior mediastinum was found on the chest roentgenogram. Fluoroscopy and barium study showed this mass to be paraesophageal. 1 It moved with swallowing. No intrinsic pulsations were seen. Differential diagnosis included enteric cyst, bronchogenic cyst, esophageal tumor (eg, leiomyoma), substernal thyroid, lymph node enlargement, and vascular lesion. 2 Radioactive iodine scan showed no uptake in the mass, and the thyroid gland appeared normal. Thoracic aortography was also normal. At surgery, a 5-cm diameter cyst was found loosely attached posteriorly to the esophageal wall. It contained mucoid material. Histological sections of the wall showed ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and underlying hyaline cartilage. Comment Bronchogenic cysts are developmental in


Remote analysis servers with disclosure-treatment of analysis output from user queries, as an alternative to traditional input disclosure-treated PUFs, form an active research area and are likely to be the future mode of output dissemination from data analysis. The main reason for this is that the preponderance of publically available datasets containing indirect identifiers at present or in future raises concerns about disclosure-safety of traditional PUFs based on static assumptions of intruder knowledge. However, success of remote analysis servers depends on protection from the challenging problem of possible differencing attacks by repeated queries. We describe a new application of a recently proposed method of query-based public use file (or Q-PUF) to Medicare claims data that is not vulnerable to differencing attacks. The reason for this is that in Q-PUF, the user is not allowed to arbitrarily define analysis domains but is required to choose from a checklist of pre-screened variables such that the contributor-count; i.e., the number of observations making contributions to the analysis domains defined by these variables satisfies a minimum threshold. The method is termed PUF, despite being an output treatment, because analogous to the traditional input-treated PUFs, the data producer controls the type and scope of allowed analytic variables. There are four main components of Q-PUF: first, construct a checklist of variables defining analysis domains for which the number of contributors from the data is deemed adequately large to provide reliable estimating functions of corresponding parameters, and hence rendering them automatically disclosure-safe for analysis; second, perform a disclosure audit to choose data-specific adequate confidentiality threshold; third, to provide an interface for users to communicate with the microdata via queries; and fourth, impose additional restrictions specific to the analysis output if needed. The checklist of allowed variables can be updated over time to accommodate new queries as long as disclosure-safety of existing domains is not jeopardized. We provide empirical examples as an illustration of descriptive inference using a working synthetic PUF created from Medicare claims data.


Based on the data collected on the site of Leshan Grand Buddha,the author analyzed the characteristics of the domestic tourists market from the spatial distribution,the arrivals changing through time,tourist motivations and the rate of revisit and the socio-demography as well.Then the author drew some conclusions,which can give scientific suggestions to those departments concerned to improve the sustainable development of Leshan Grand Buddha.


Examining fuzzy preference relations together with the reciprocity condition , and a potential conceptual conflict arising between reciprocal fuzzy preferences and fuzzy preference structures, it is claimed that reciprocal preferences cannot be properly understood according to a weak nor a strict preference predicate. Therefore, as the elements of a standard preference structure, namely strict preference, weak preference, indifference and incomparability, cannot be properly distinguished from reciprocal fuzzy preferences, the concept of lack of preference emerges as a natural category, in fact allowing to understand reciprocal fuzzy preferences according to the standard fuzzy preference model. Furthermore, the basic notion of lack of preference is shown to group all the non-preference relations into a basic, unifying concept, providing an adequate decomposition of the meaning of any reciprocal fuzzy preference relation.


Cultural activities are increasingly regarded as critical resources. The phenomenon is being studied in recent years by differentiated streams of research that approach the topic from several points of view: the economic performances of regions (Porter 2003), the marketing attractiveness of cultural events (Kotler Haider Rein 1993) the localization distribution (Scott 2000), the social mobility and its consequences on health (Florida 2005a, b). In most cases those studies don t take into account a factor that in our opinion is critical to comprehend nature and effects of cultural activities: the relational dimension. In this contribution we propose a relational model that takes into account the convergence of different schools of thoughts in a multidisciplinary manner, and whose aim is to understand the role of cultural organizations in value creation in local contexts. We refer the cases of six Italian cities recently put on the map by successful cultural initiatives: Brescia, Manto...


LNG use in the U.S. may be less than previously anticipated, due to a U.S. Government policy which de-emphasizes reliance on imported fuels and to price disputes with suppliers, notably Algeria. According to the American Gas Association, the U.S. could be importing 3 trillion cu ft/yr of LNG by 2000, compared with the 1.8 trillion cu ft/yr in pipeline exports expected from Canada and Mexico. Of the three existing LNG import projects, the two run by El Paso Natural Gas Co. are suspended, due to a dispute with Algeria on whether the LNG price should match the price of crude oil at the point of shipment, or be set equivalent to the price of alternative fuels at the point of use. Distrigas Corp., Everett, Mass., continues to import LNG. The attitude of some U.S. agencies on LNG imports, factors, including Canadian and Mexican gas pricing, which enter into the LNG pricing dispute, and safety and investment decisions required if LNG imports are increased are discussed, and a checklist of LNG import projects in the U.S., with information on company, terminal, contract, delivery, number of ships, investment, and LNG cost is given.


Introduced to the West from Japan, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a powerful approach to customer‐focused product development. In recent years, many practitioners and academics have recognized the potential of these methods and applied them to strategic formulation and decision making as well. Earlier reviews of the documented accounts of QFD‐based approaches to strategy have been presented at the 7th International Symposium on QFD in Tokyo in 2001, and at the 8th International Symposium on QFD in Munich in 2002. This paper updates these reviews, identifying the parallels and contrasts evident in these cases with the techniques of hoshin kanri (also known as policy deployment). The paper then briefly describes a case study of the application of a comprehensive QFD‐based methodology. Leveraging these insights, the paper seeks to address the future direction of the development of this promising field of strategic methodology.


A closed-form solution is derived for the equivalent impedance of a planar winding with cylindrical symmetry placed between two half-spaces. This is basically the structure of a domestic induction heating appliance comprised of a planar winding, a metallic vessel, and a lossless magnetic substrate. The first matter addressed is the impedance of a sandwiched single-turn coil, obtained by using the vector potential Helmholtz equation solution, and the result is generalized to n-turn coils. The real part of this impedance represents power dissipated in the form of heat. The proposed model includes geometry dependence, frequency of excitation currents, and electromagnetic properties of both top and bottom media. Enhancement of power dissipation in the conducting media as a result of the inclusion of a magnetic substrate is also explored. Experimental results are presented in order to validate the theoretical model.


The permeation of hydrogen through anodically passivated iron is measured at two values of hydrogen charging current density. The permeation transient is analyzed in terms of diffusion of hydrogen through iron in series with diffusion and migration of hydrogen ions throught the anodic oxide, with local equilibrium at the metal-oxide interface. The analysis yields the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the oxide, and the ratio of concentrations in the metal and in the oxide at the interface


Detailed comparisons of FinFETs with triangular and rectangular fins were performed using numerical simulations. Although, with the same leakage current (Ioff), the on current (Idsat) of the triangular fin is less than that of the rectangular one, the 3-stage ring oscillator (RO) with triangular fins runs faster than the one with rectangular fins and consumes less energy due to better short channel control and smaller parasitic capacitance. In addition, with the triangular shape, the two side-channel surfaces are no longer (110) and benefit from reduced negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). All these make the FinFET with a triangular fin a smart choice.


In search of the optimal combination of basis set and exchange-correlation potential, we have investigated the dependence of the atomization energies (D0) and reaction enthalpies (ΔH) for a set of 44 molecules using gradient-corrected density functional theory. Of the six functionals tested, those that include a portion of the exact (Hartree−Fock) exchange perform best and yield D0 values that generally lie within 3−5 kcal/mol of the experimental value. For the functionals in which pure DFT exchange is employed, the errors in D0 are instead on the order of 8−10 kcal/mol. Conversely, reaction enthalpies show slightly better agreement with experimental results when pure DFT exchange is employed. For both D0 and ΔH the four Gaussian basis sets 6-31G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), cc-pVDZ, and cc-pVTZ show similar behavior. The most accurate predictions were obtained using the largest cc-pVTZ basis. There is a significant variation in these energies obtained with the various functionals depending on the basis set employed.


conducting wires. We model the system by using an anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional, with distinct transverse and longitudinal coupling constants. By varying the degree of anisotropy, we obtain behaviors ranging from independent wires with suppressed superconducting transition, to an isotropic superconducting system. We numerically evaluate the Meissner effect for finite-sized superconducting domains. Comparison with the experimental data for carbon nanotube-zeolite composite shows the size of the phase-coherent, superconducting domains to be small, i.e., on the order of one or a few transverse coherence lengths. We provide a consistent estimate of the material parameters for the nanotube-zeolite composite, ranging from the penetration length of transverse magnetic field to the longitudinal and transverse coherence lengths.


Software product families are an emerging and important area of software engineering, whereas product configuration of traditional products, i.e., mechanical and electronic, has a slightly longer history as a specific area of research and business. This paper presents a preliminary comparison of concepts for modelling variety and evolution in both fields. This comparison shows remarkable similarities in these areas, but also leads to proposals on how results could be transferred from one area to the other.


Background :The steady rise in prevalence of Diabetes mellitus has resulted in increase in the complications related to diabetes. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetes is an independent risk factor for subsequent ulceration and limb loss in diabetics. It is therefore essential that peripheral arterial disease is identified in all patients with diabetics. Methods : The present prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary centre in central India was aimed at clinico-radiological assessment of lower limb vessels in patients with diabetes. 184 patients with diabetes were assessed clinically and with doppler ultrasound. Results :Peripheral vascular disease was more common among patients with type II diabetes. Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) of < 0.8 was common among patients with longer duration (> 10 years), Doppler ultra sound of lower limbs revealed significant changes bilaterally with type II diabetes and increased duration of diabetes. Conclusion : Peripheral arteriopathy is an important risk factor for diabetic foot especially with longer duration of type II diabetes.


Abstract For commercial banks dealing with public debt the oil price crisis of 1973 / 1974 marks an important turning point. In order to solve the problems of recycling "petro dollars" through transactions on the Euromarkets they became equal partners in a close cooperation with nation states and their central banks as well as international financial organizations - and they took this chance to expand internationally and grow rapidly. Deeply rooted in the attempts to solve the financial repercussions of the oil price crises of the 1970s, the contemporary situation of "regulatory capture" evolved: whereby nation states are unable to regulate global financial markets according to their own political standards, because they themselves heavily depend on those markets.


No new names or taxa are included in the check list of 75 species. The 75 taxa of aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera known to occur in Oklahoma are listed below. The list is based in part on previous reports (cited) and in part on the collections in the Oklahoma State University Entomology Museum and the Oklahoma University Stovall Museum, mostly collected by the authors beginning in 1960. If the record is one not previously published, the determiner of the specimen is indicated by initials parenthetically (BH means B. Harrison, HH means H. Harris, RS means R. Sailer, KFS and WAD refer to the authors). Six species marked by asterisks below reported in the state for the first time, in McCurtin Co., southeastern Oklahoma, were previously known only from the southeastern coastal states (Hungerford, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 345: 5-195. 1933, and 32: 1-288, 408-827. 1948; Drake and Chapman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 66: 53-60. 1953); since the known biota of that county has affinities with the Southeast, these new records are not surprising.


The Mongolian Republic since 1921 has maintained a pronatalist policy. During the 1950s and 1960s a stronger pronatalist policy was put into effect. Between 1961 and 1965 the pronatalist policy was included in the five year economic plan and a plan with incentives and tax disincentives was established. Infant and maternal mortality rates remained high after the 1950s despite improvements in the crude death rate and life expectancy. In 1976 IUDs use was legalized. In 1988 family planning services were expanded and recognition was given to high infant and child mortality as resulting from high birth rate. Abortion was legalized for all married women with at least 5 children in 1988 and legalized without restrictions in 1989. The fertility trends between 1963 and 1991 showed fluctuations; sustained decline occurred after 1975. The most significant declines occurred among older age groups and births were clustered in the age groups 20-24 years and 25-29 years. The fertility decline differs from other developing country patterns in that it occurred during a pronatalist policy. Fertility decline was evidenced in <7 children per woman in all but 2 of the 21 provinces during the 1970s. Fertility decline occurred despite increases in the proportion of reproductive age women from 21% to 23% between 1979 and 1989. Abortion probably played an important role in fertility decline as did socioeconomic changes. Modern contraceptive use was 11% in 1990. Young women in 1989 desired 3.5 children although fertility was 6.6 children.


We focused on the reasons of bedsore occurrences among hemodialysis patients with high risks of bedsore and formed a cross-regional bedsore management team which was supervised by the head nurses of hemodialysis center and nephrology department..Through the design of bedsore management processes and goals, we created a new patient-centered bedsore management system and decreased the bedsore incidence from 6.5% to 0(P0.05) and improved the patients' satisfaction from 76.1% to 95.7% after the intervention. Standardized bedsore management system could improve bedsore management quality and promote the patients' satisfaction.


Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) is a soil-borne fungal pathogen of watermelon, which has significantly impacted production worldwide. In the U.S., watermelon growers can experience 30-100% yield loss from this soil pathogen (Amaradasa et al. 2018; Egel et al. 2005; Zhang et al. 2020). In this study, we present five draft genome sequences of FON-race 2 isolates collected from 4 different counties within Texas spanning more than 23 years (Fig. 1). The estimated genome sizes of the de novo assembled genomes were; W2 - 49 Mb, COM - 48 Mb, HAR - 49 Mb, STORM - 49 Mb and PRU - 48 Mb. These sizes were in par with the previously sequenced FON races 0 and 2 from Texas ranged from 49-54 Mb (van Dam et al. 2016). Gene prediction program AUGUSTUS (Stanke et al. 2006) predicted 13,554 genes in W2, 13,658 genes in COM, 13,678 genes in HAR, 13, 821 genes in STORM and 13,347 genes in PRU. The information from our 5 genome drafts contributes to the southeast genomic dataset of FON for comparative genomic analysis. Furthermore, the sequences are beneficial in the understanding of changes within the FON genome over time.


Cardiac catheterization is a severe health condition that needs standardized care strategies as well as qualified and skilled healthcare professionals to manage it effectively. Objectives:  To evaluate the impact of educational training on nurses to improve knowledge about patient safety practices after cardiac catheterization. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was accomplished among nurses working at cardiac units of both genders from March 2021 to September 2021. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was performed for the collection of data. The data was collected by utilizing the open-access structured tool of knowledge and practice. Results: Regarding the level of knowledge, pre-implementation of educational training, the majority of the participant had poor knowledge 15 (30%) and post-educational training, the knowledge level reached good knowledge (70.0 %) and it was also found statistically significant p-value ≤0.000. Similarly, a significant difference between nurses' practice after the implementation of the educational training shows (66.7%) inadequate practice before the intervention, while (83.3%) of them had an adequate level of practice after the intervention; it is also found to be a significant p-value ≤0.000. Conclusion: The implementation of the educational training for nurses improved knowledge about practices regarding patients' safety after cardiac catheterization.


User requirements are the highest level of requirements. Flawed user requirements document can cause defects in the software being built—aspects of applications that were not presented in the user requirements document to cause a defect. In learning applications for children, there are aspects of pedagogy that need to be well documented. This aspect is not available in the general user requirements document, so it is often not well presented. The learning style and thinking skills level is crucial to be well presented in the user requirements document. That was because the children's persona cannot be compared at every range criteria of developmental age. That factor will undoubtedly affect the specifications of the software to be built. Users' viewpoints about different requirements can also make developers wrong in determining requirements. Applying requirements prioritization in the user requirements document can help resolve the problem. Measurement of document quality was also performed using parameters in measuring the quality of the user requirements document. The results of measuring the quality of the user requirements document found that it is reliable for use.


Iron alone or in combination with toxic agents has been administered to several species of animal to study the effects of iron overload and to reproduce a situation analogous to human haemochromatosis (Polson, 1933 ; Kinney, Hegsted and Finch, 1949 ; Sriramachari, Srikantia andGopalan, 1959; Kent et al., 1963; MacDonald, 1964; Powell, 1967; Buchanan, 1970). Hepatic damage and cirrhosis, however, develop only when iron is administered along with a toxic or dietary regimen that is by itself cirrhogenic (Golberg and Smith, 1960; Powell; MacDonald, Endo and Pechet, 1968). It is doubtful, therefore, that iron per se is injurious to animal tissues. Though it is well known that haemochromatosis is often associated with heavy alcohol intake (Bothwell and Finch; MacDonald, 1964) and that livers of chronic alcoholics contain excessive iron, animal experiments to study the combined effects of alcohol and iron are very few and the information obtained from these is meagre (Powell; Buchanan). This is possibly due to the fact that a direct hepatotoxic action of alcohol has only recently been recognised (Rubin, Hutterer and Lieber, 1968; Rubin and Lieber, 1968).


The invention discloses wallpaper. The wallpaper comprises a wallpaper semi-finished product layer with patterns, an alkali-resistant layer, a gold-plated layer and a dry adhesive layer, wherein the gold-plated layer and the dry adhesive layer are arranged on two sides of the wallpaper semi-finished product layer, and the alkali-resistant layer is arranged between the gold-plated layer and the dry adhesive layer. The wallpaper comprises the alkali-resistant layer, and the alkali-resistant layer is arranged between the gold-plated layer and the dry adhesive layer, so that the situation that alkaline substance of a wall penetrates the gold-plated layer to damage the wallpaper can be avoided. The service life of the wallpaper can be prolonged. The invention also discloses a preparation process of the wallpaper.


To construct biomass tables for various tree components that are consistent with each other, one may use linear regression techniques with dummy variables. When the biomass of these components is measured on the same sample trees, one should also use the generalized rather than ordinary least squares method. A procedure is shown which allows the estimation of the covariance matrix of the sample biomass values and circumvents the problem of storing and inverting large covariance matrices. Applied to 20 sets of sample tree data, the generalized least squares regressions generated estimates which, on the average were slightly higher (about 1%) than the sample data. The confidence and prediction bands about the regression function were wider, sometimes considerably wider than those estimated by the ordinary weighted least squares.


Analyses are made on the main functions and fundamental principles of Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyses DMTA (Ⅳ).Concrete utilizing of DMTA (Ⅳ) on high polymers material is studied,according to the structural characters and the physical-chemical properties, aimed at the main aspects of measures and tests by using DMTA (Ⅳ) in the properties of high polymers material and combining with relevant spectrum. The main aspects include dynamic condition, low temperature performance, secondary conversion, thermal conversion temperature and gelatinous course, etc.


In this article, a new combined approach of a decision tree and clustering is presented to predict the transmission of genetic diseases. In this article, the performance of these algorithms is compared for more accurate prediction of disease transmission under the same condition and based on a series of measures like the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The results show that support vector machine algorithm outperformed the other two simple algorithms and the neural network and genetic algorithms offered better prediction at the end, while the proposed combined approach is developed using different parameters and outperformed the simple methods.


This paper discusses applicability of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems to corrosion state estimation of reinforced concrete structures. A corroded reinforcing bar in concrete is modeled by a metal cylinder covered with inhomogeneous lossy dielectric and radar responses from it is analytically derived using the multilayer division method. Numerical simulation results suggest that corrosion rate can be estimated by checking distortion of UWB radar signatures.


Cuphea is a potential source of lauric and capric acids, which are medium-chain-length fatty acids. They are used to manufacture various products such as detergents (lauric) and high quality lubricants (capric). The fatty acids are contained in oils that are produced and stored in cuphea seeds. Currently, all of the lauric acid used for detergents is derived from imported palm and coconut oils. There is no domestic source of this fatty acid, which is a dilemma that U.S. industries, such as Proctor & Gamble and ADM, would like to resolve. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agriculture This western research and demonstration farm is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ farms_reports/1550 Iowa State University, Western Research and Demonstration Farm ISRF02-10 Cuphea Yields in Iowa, 2002 Frank Forcella, research agronomist Russ Gesch, plant physiologist Gary Amundson, engineering technician Dean Peterson, biological science technician USDA-Agricultural Research Service Introduction Cuphea is a potential source of lauric and capric acids, which are medium-chain-length fatty acids. They are used to manufacture various products such as detergents (lauric) and high quality lubricants (capric). The fatty acids are contained in oils that are produced and stored in cuphea seeds. Currently, all of the lauric acid used for detergents is derived from imported palm and coconut oils. There is no domestic source of this fatty acid, which is a dilemma that U.S. industries, such as Proctor & Gamble and ADM, would like to resolve. A genetic line of cuphea was bred from a cross between two species: Cuphea viscossima and C. lanceolata. This genetic line is known as PSR23, which is an abbreviation of "partial shatter resistance line number 23." As the name implies, the plant is not yet fully domesticated, and seed shattering remains an important agronomic problem. The plant breeders Steve Knapp (Oregon State University) and Winn Phippen (Western Illinois University) are actively working on improving the crop characteristics of cuphea through classical and novel genetic approaches. In the meantime, our goal as agronomists is to understand the basic agronomic traits and needs of the plant, such as seeding depth, row spacing, planting date, harvesting methods, and so forth. Included in these goals is the determination of the regions within the USA where cuphea is adapted best. Prior and contemporary trials on the West Coast and in Illinois resulted in disappointing plant establishment, growth, and yields. In contrast, trials in western Minnesota from 1999–2001 were very promising. Thus, one of our objectives was to examine cuphea growth and yield along a latitudinal transect. In 2002 we established small plots of cuphea at seven research farms located from northwestern Minnesota to southwestern Iowa. The sites in Iowa were the ISU research farms near Calumet, Castana, and Lewis. Materials and Methods At each research farm, cuphea was sown on three dates, ranging from late April to late May, in each of four plots (four replications), which were arranged randomly within blocks. Prior to planting, plots were fertilized with the equivalent of 50-10-10 lbs/acre of N-P-K. Immediately after sowing, Sonalan or Treflan was applied at about 1 lb of active ingredient/acre and very lightly incorporated. The plots were not irrigated. Plots were visited monthly at which time escaped weeds were removed by hand. A 1-square-meter section (about 10 sq ft) of each plot was harvested by hand in October. Harvested plants were air dried and threshed, and seed yields were calculated/acre. Results and Discussion Planting date had no effect on yield. Overall seed yields were very low: only 47, 169, and 305 lbs/acre in Lewis, Castana, and Calumet, respectively. Although seed shattering played a role in such low yields, cuphea seed production largely reflected the drought conditions that prevailed in western Iowa during 2002. For comparison, yields were near the expected level of 1,000 lb/acre at Morris in west central Minnesota, where the amount and distribution of rainfall was good. As in Iowa, cuphea yields near Lamberton (southwest MN) also were low because of very dry summer conditions. Trials will be repeated in 2003 and possibly will be supplemented by irrigation at some sites


Provided is a fuel supply device for an internal combustion engine which, before starting the internal combustion engine, discharges bubbles and air from the inside of a fuel supply path while boosting the pressure in a common rail to a predetermined pressure, thereby shortening cranking time after an ignition switch is turned on and reducing an abnormal noise occurring when the bubbles and air are discharged. The fuel supply device has a flow rate control valve for adjusting the flow rate of a fuel to be sent to the common rail and a pressure control valve for reducing the pressure in the common rail. The fuel supply device further has a pre-start drive control part which performs pre-start drive of an electromagnetic low-voltage pump before the internal combustion engine is started, a flow rate control valve control part which keeps the flow rate control valve open while the pre-start drive is performed, and a pressure control valve control part which keeps the pressure control valve close and opens it for a short period at least once while the pre-start drive is performed.


While observing the bounce heights of various kinds of sports balls dropped from different heights onto a variety of surfaces, we thought of the following question: Could measurements of drop and bounce heights of balls of different diameters, but of the same material, falling from different heights, but on the same surface, be expressed by a simple mathematical formula? Our objective was to provide a simple classroom ball-drop experiment that produced robust and interesting data sets from which students could address this question. With a suitable choice of variables, all the ball drop data could be collapsed to a single curve, so that given the mass and drop height of the ball, the bounce height could be reasonably estimated (±10% of measured values).


A five-year-old girl was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of fever, cough and itchy diffuse erythematous rash on her face and whole body. It was learned that the cough was present for about 2 weeks and that this condition was accompanied by fever and rashes that started on the feet one day before and spread to the whole body. Her physical examination revealed widespread, skin-pouling, erythematous, plaque-style rash on her face, trunk, arms and legs. (Figure 1A,B) The patient was diagnosed with erythema multiforme (EM). Mycoplasma pneumoniae PCR was negative in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen, serum M. pneumoniae IgM was positive. The patient's fever and cough was improved with the treatment of 5 day azithromycin and local steroid. The patient was discharged after the rash was resolved. A nine-year-old girl was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of cough and wounds in the mouth and lips. Her physical examination revealed diffuse mucosal erosions with fibrin in the mouth and edema on the lips (Figure 2). There was no skin rash. The patient was diagnosed with EM. M. pneumoniae PCR was positive in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen, serum M. pneumoniae IgM was positive. The patient's clinical condition was recovered with 5 day azithromycin and local oral care and she was discharged.


Until recently, in policy discourse, the maritime focus has tended to be on the promotion and protection of ecosystems integrity, whereas land has been seen as a focus for territorial cohesion. Today, the marine environment is increasingly seen as offering some potential for growth (blue growth) and consolidated experiences in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), for managing the interfacing land and sea environments, provide a clear reference. This chapter deals with the emerging Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) as a policy tool that improves decision-making. In the context of EU policies for growth and development, MSP should provide a "framework for arbitrating between competing human activities and managing their impact on the marine environment", and should be built on both ICZM experiences and SEA methodologies, by adopting a holistic ecosystem approach.
Nevertheless, while ICZM extends over areas which are more clearly defined and delineated, and while it does not usually suffer in relation to transnational disputed jurisdictions, MSP can establish horizontal links with sectoral policies, for example, on development and environment, and with territorial policy and planning beyond borders both national and established by UN Conventions. In the governance process, this implies co-presence and intertwinement of many levels of stakeholders related in different ways with specific land-sea areas.
Integrated approaches in land-sea planning are considered as the most valuable way to include all the dimensions of sustainability in development plans as well as to give a central role to the engagement of stakeholders, by including the mutual exchange of information and knowledge. The STeMA model provides a framework to build shared and informed decisions in land-sea development plans.


The new Millennium heralded a promise of change. For refugees and other displaced persons, the start of the new Millennium was mixed; not much changed on the ground, but the fiftieth anniversary of the 1951 Convention brought Declaration of States parties reaffirming their commitments and the Agenda for Protection. Five years on, has the reaffirmation of States' commitment to the international protection regime, and their endorsement of the Agenda for Protection, made a difference to refugees? Have words been matched with actions to ensure access to asylum for those who need it and a greater sharing of international responsibility in this regard? This article looks at the major refugee protection challenges that confront us at the beginning of the 21st century on both sides of the development divide. It also addresses why many of these problems have developed and examines some of the emerging opportunities, which, if seized in good faith, could provide more robust protection for refugees, while responding to the security, sovereignty and economic concerns of States.


This paper summarized the principle of heat-pipe technique and the structure and types of gravitational heat pipe boilers,and analyzed the application characteristics of gravitational heat pipe boilers in heat recovery,pointed out that the gravitational heat pipe boilers have application perspectives and progress potentiality.


This paper analyzes the relationship between rural informatization and the rural social security for empirical research: first of all, we have developed an evaluation index system of rural imformatization and rural social security, with which we calculated the respective comprehensive results, and performed regression analysis by SPSS20.0. Rural informatization is found to be able to promote rural social security in model 1, the calculation result in model 2 has indicated that there are two main factors that promote the rural social security: the rural informatization infrastructure and rural informatization talents, and the former one performs better than the latter. It is proposed to strengthen the rural informatization infrastructure construction and the education investment on the rural informatization talents.


1 Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2 Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4 Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 5 Department of Forensic Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 6 Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is the most prevalent virus infecting soybean (Glycine max) in the United States; however, the temporal and spatial dynamics in BPMV at varying spatial scales has not been elucidated. To quantify the temporal and spatial dynamics of BPMV at a field scale, a quadrat-based method was developed in which six soybean rows, each consisting of 30-cm-long quadrats, were established within soybean cv. NE3001 field plots (i.e., 150 quadrats per plot) in BPMV-inoculated and non-inoculated plots. Quadrats were sampled by selecting the youngest fully expanded leaflet from each of four plants within each quadrat beginning 25 days after planting, and continued at 8to 11day intervals until crop senescence. Leaf sap was extracted from each 4-leaflet (bulked) sample (from each quadrat), and tested for presence of the BPMV by ELISA. Quadrat position (plot, row, and quadrat number) and the date of sampling that each quadrat first tested positive for BPMV was recorded and mapped. The rate of BPMV incidence in 2006 ranged from 0.09 to 0.12 logits/day, indicating that BPMV incidence was doubling every 5.3 to 7.7 days in 2006. Doubling times for BPMV incidence in 2007 were slower, ranging from 17.3 to 34.7 days. Analysis of spatial patterns using ordinary runs revealed that BPMV-infected quadrats were predominantly clustered within both BPMV-inoculated and non-inoculated plots throughout both growing seasons. In addition to within field plot studies, a threeyear statewide disease survey (2005-2007) was conducted in Iowa to quantify county and field scale BPMV prevalence and incidence by systematically selecting 30 plants/soybean field (8 to 16 soybean fields per county). Leaf samples were then tested for BPMV by ELISA and county-level BPMV incidence maps were generated using ArcGIS software. End-of-season BPMV prevalence was 39/96 counties in 2005 (40%), 90/99 counties in 2006 (90.1%), and 74/99 counties in 2007 (74.7%). The incidence of BPMV within Iowa counties ranged from 0 to 100% and BPMV incidence significantly increased statewide from north to south. Spatial autocorrelation (dependence) analysis using Moran's I revealed clustering for BPMV incidence among Iowa counties, indicating that BPMV incidence among counties was not random. The elucidation of the within-field temporal and spatial dynamics of BPMV and the statewide geographic distribution of BPMV in Iowa has important implications with regards to sampling, plant disease forensics, BPMV management, and risk prediction of BPMV. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agriculture | Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Plant Pathology Comments This proceeding is published as Byamukama, E., Robertson, A. E., and Nutter, F. W., Jr. 2010; Quantification of temporal and spatial dynamics of Bean pod mottle virus at different spatial scales.100th Annual Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, July 26-30, 2008, Minneapolis, Minnesota. doi: 10.1094/ PHP-2010-0526-03-SY. Posted with permission. This conference proceeding is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/plantpath_conf/6 © 2010 Plant Management Network. Accepted for publication 28 January 2010. Published 26 May 2010. Quantification of Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Bean pod mottle virus at Different Spatial Scales E. Byamukama, A. E. Robertson, and F. W. Nutter, Jr., Department of Plant Pathology, 351 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Corresponding author: Forrest W. Nutter, Jr. firstname.lastname@example.com Byamukama, E., Robertson, A. E., and Nutter, F. W., Jr. 2010. Quantification of temporal and spatial dynamics of Bean pod mottle virus at different spatial scales. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2010-0526-03-SY.


As one of solutions to obtain efficient use of limited spectrum resource, we suggest a methodology for the co-channel multi-site radar operations with a shifted linear frequency modulation (SLFM) based on GPS clock. The proposed algorithm is that we find a candidate set of SLFM signals with the minimum acceptable level of the correlation from the cross-correlation characteristics among selected SLFM signals. To verify the proposed methodology, numerical analysis has been accomplished for several radars operating in the same channel with a sawtooth or triangle LFM signal. The computational results of detected distances as well as range profiles are also examined for interference, noise, and algorithm limitation including the error of clock synchronization.


The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia has been amended to stipulate the protection of human rights. Yet, Indonesia still faces problems on its enforcement, existing legal system that has not provided satisfactory revealing poor enforcement of human rights, and laws related to human rights are overlapped creating legal uncertainties. Amid confused social-political changes, the Constitutional Court has found ways to resolve and improve disorders through applying inconsistencies within its decisions. Indeed, the Constitutional Court employed debates on perspectives of terrorism, gross violation of human rights, and the existence of Communism shadowed by the New Order power as considerations to decide conflicting cases amongst recent socio-political situations. Hence, the aspect of retrospectivity in constitution-based human rights justified flexibly to adjust with the needs of country's human rights protection. Keywords—Indonesia, Retrospective, The Constitutional Court, Human Rights, Masykur.


During research in coastal marshes of the Mississippi Delta region in 1975 , a large , undescribed amphipod belonging to the genus Cerapus was discovered in tidal channels . This new species, C. benthophilus , is characterized by its large size and 7 -12 segmented antennal flagella. Habitat preference is muddy silt bottoms upon which it constructs conspicuous mats or " tufts" of interwoven tubes in shallow coastal bays and marshes from Louisiana to the panhandle areas of northern Florida. Cerapus benthophilus , sp. nov . Figs . 1-4 Holotype. USNM 171350, male (10 mm BL) , Ocean Springs , Mississippi , 30 23 '36''N ; 88°48 '31 "W; Davis Bayou , 400 m west of the Gulf Coast Research Lab, 1.5 m depth , collected by R. Heard , 8 April 1976. Paratypes . USNM 171351 , 29°13'01"N; 90 14'05''W; Bayou Sevin , Louis iana, 3 m depth , collected by J. Thomas, 14 March 1975. Diagnosis . Species large , male and female reaching body lengths , excluding antennae, of I I and 9 mm respectively ; pereon segment I of male bearing lateral keel; antennal flagella 7-12 segmented ; basis of pereopod 2, anterodorsal margin with numerous, long setae (males only). Description. Male , 10 mm. Body: Constricted between pereon segments I and 2; head elongate, equal in length to pereonites 1-2. Rostrum: Reaching ocular margin ; frontal ocular margin incised , lateral lobes prominent. Eyes: Circular; black in formaldehyde-preserved specimens . Antenna I: 60% BL; reaching firs t flagellar segment antenna 2: segment I compressed laterally , deepest posteriorly , bearing paired setae ventrally ; peduncle with numerous , paired , long setae; flagellum 9-segmented . Antenna 2: 90% BL; flage llu m 9-segmented; peduncle wi th long , paired setae . Upper lip : Apical margin sl ightly emarginate. Mandible: Normal for genus; palp segment I the shortes t; incisors moderate ly toothed; lacina mobili s followed posteriorl y by 3 raker spi nes ; molar strongly triturative . Lower lip: Mandibular projecI tion pointed . Max illa I: Inner plate small , bearing single apical seta; outer plate with 910 apical spines; palp 2-segmented , medial and lateral margins bare . Maxilla 2: Inner and outer plates lightl y fringed with setae mediall y.


North Sumatra Province is a province well known for its rice field production. But from all regencies and cities in North Sumatra, its rice production is uneven and unstable, sometimes its production goes up, sometimes down. Therefore, it is needed a research in the form of prediction for Production of Rice Field Crops, so that local government of North Sumatra can make policy as early as possible, so that production of paddy rice field can continue to rise in order to support the achievement of food self-sufficiency. In this study data that will be predicted sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics of North Sumatra Province from 2012 until 2016. The algorithm used to make this prediction is the Backpropagation algorithm. This algorithm has the ability to remember and make generalizations of what has been there before. There are 5 architectural models used in this research, among others 3-5-1 which later will produce predictions with 78% accuracy rate, 3-7-1 = 70%, 3-10-1 = 82%, 3-15 -1 = 82% and 3-9-1 = 91%. The best architecture of the 5 models is 3-9-1 with 91% accuracy and error rate of 0.001-0.05. It is expected that the results of this study can contribute to the government in determining agricultural policy in the future . Keywords — Application, Backpropagation, Prediction, Production, Rice DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.1402832


The Transkei region of the Eastern Cape has received little attention from mammalian ecologists. This paper describes the presence and absence of mammalian species in Afromontane, Pondoland and south coast indigenous forests using variable width transects and explores the causes of observed differences. The region maintains a rich and diverse mammalian fauna, although differences between forest types exist. Ungulates (bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus; common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia; and blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola) and fossorially-foraging (bushpigs, porcupines and moles/molerats) species are relatively more abundant in south coast forests than in Afromontane or Pondoland forest types. This may be explained by the management practices of these nature reserves compared to state forests.


Reduction of (η-C5Me4R)TaX4(R = Me, Et; X = Cl, Br) with two equivalents of sodium amalgam in toluene affords the reactive tantalum–tantalum doubly-bonded species (η-C5Me4R)2Ta2(µ-X)4 in 70% yield; the solid-state structure of (C5Me5)2Ta2(µ-Br)4 consists of a TaTa double bond, 2.748(2)A in length, bridged symmetrically by four bromide ligands.


Purpose: Delirium is a clinical syndrome that indicates serious cerebral dysfunction commonly seen in intensive care settings. Although the knowledge base of adult delirium is extensive, much less is understood regarding pediatric delirium. Age-appropriate bedside screening tools to detect pediatric delirium have recently been validated and have been successfully implemented in the Pediatric and Cardiac Intensive Care Units (PICU/CICU) at Primary Children's Hospital. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the prevalence of positive …


This paper combines association rules and decision tree algorithm,and proposes a new decision tree classification based on association rule.The decision tree algorithm can handle dissimilar transaction data set record blocks which are same investigations conducted in different times to the same transactions.Through the decision tree algorithm,it can get a multi-crunodes decision tree,which has a good extendable performance.The algorithm solves the problem,which exists in the traditional classification,that is the traditional classification can not classify effectively and sustaine when dimensions of dataset change.


To estimate the aluminum-alloy bumper compared to steel bumper in lightweight and crash safety of midsize coach, a numerical simulation model of coach 100% overlap frontal crash with rigid wall was established by using three dimensional explicit finite element analysis software LS-DYNA 3D, based on China's regulation GB11551-2014 "The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision for passenger car". Three testing parameters were studied, included the reactive force of crash-box, the drive cab integrity and the acceleration of the coach mass center. The results show that: comparing steel bumper, the mass of aluminum-alloy bumper system is decreased 60%, while the system has better absorption crash force curves and crashworthiness of coach body, but the drive cab integrity has become worse.


The study was conducted on farmers field in sofi district of Harari Regional State during 2013/2014 main cropping
season, eastern Ethiopia, to investigate the impact of brewery waste sludge on sorghum production, soil fertility
and to determine optimum rates of brewery waste sludge applications for sorghum production. The experiment
comprised of 8 treatments viz. applications of brewery sludge at (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0 t ha-1) and NP
inorganic fertilizer at recommended rate arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. The
experiment has revealed that yields and yield components of Sorghum were the highest for the plots treated with
15 t ha-1 of brewery sludge compared to recommended NP fertilizers and other treatments. Chemical properties of
brewery sludge used for this experiment contains 3.5% organic carbon, 1.33% total nitrogen and 39.75 mg kg-1 of
available phosphorus. There was no effect of brewery sludge application on heavy metals concentrations in soil after
crop harvest, compared to international standard tolerable level. Co and Se levels were high in the control as well as
in the soils treated with brewery sludge indicating the already high concentration of these heavy metals in the soils of
the area. Plots, which received higher brewery sludge application, resulted in decreased or less percentage of grain
nitrogen content showing the independence of grain protein content on lower brewery sludge level. The nitrogen
uptake by sorghum grain, straw and the total was maximum (52.68, 44.25 and 79.03 kg ha-1, respectively) with the
application of brewery waste sludge at 10 and 15 t ha-1 which were significantly higher than the other brewery sludge
and recommended rate of NP mineral fertilizer applications.


This article examines the experiences of African-American food-aid seekers as they navigate food charity programming that includes mandatory nutrition education. This model of food charity provisioning—in which receipt of aid is tied to education—is increasingly common in the United States. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted between 2015 and 2018 in a nationally replicated nutrition education program in Kansas City, this article argues that these models of food charity function as "white public spaces" (Page and Thomas 1994), with significant negative impacts on their efficacy. It argues that white public space is created in these programs through race avoidant language concerning "food deserts" and nutritional education. These programmatic foci are both ineffective at addressing urban hunger and create racially discriminatory space within food charity programming. The article offers concrete suggestions for improving food charity programming and disrupting white privilege in food charity spaces, made by African-American food-aid seekers themselves.


THIS ARTICLE IS part 2 in a series that focuses on nutrition in the advance care planning (ACP) process for individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It will focus on and address issues related to nutrition at the end of life. Part 1 described characteristics of ESRD patients, risk factors for poor outcomes, and provided some useful communication reference tools that can be used for this population.


A comparative analysis of staff allocation in the six Australian States, the Australian Capital Territory, and New Zealand, this report describes existing structures and policies at the education system level and identifies innovative policies worthy of further examinaticn. After an explanption of the background; and conceptual framework of this study, the changing structures of the education systems over the past decade are discussed, particularly the devolution of authority to schools, including greater. -responsibility for curriculum development and administrhtion, and,the movement toward administrative ,decentralization of the Australian systems. The following chapters describe variations in.the size and structure of schools among the systems studied, and the number and characteristics of teachers and other staff. A chapter on the allocation of personnel resources to government schools discusses the mechanisms of staff allocation and the formulae determining allocations,. Teacher salary costs are detailed, and the final chapter offers policy options in response to pressures for change. Recommendations include coordination of different sectors of education systems, further devolution of administration to regional offices, progress toward more appropriate structure and size of schools, school-based curriculum development, and greater school authbrity for staff selection. Appendixes include classification of teachers and notes to the numerous_tables. (1.1a)


It is well known that the classical three-shock theory of yon Neumann (1943) does not adequately describe the configuration of the shocks close to the triple-point of a Mach reflection of an incident shock with a Mach number less than about 1.5. The assumptions on which the three- shock theory is based have been examined and several of them are shown to be invalid. The assumption that may be of most significance is that the normal components of the flows behind the reflected and the Mach stem shocks are parallel. Dropping this assumption removes an essential equation in the three-shock solution. An alternative assumption, based on experimental observation, is that there is an approximate linear relationship between the pressure behind the reflected shock and the triple-point trajectory angle. This assumption permits a revised three-shock solution which gives results that are in agreement with experimental observations of reflections of incident shocks with Mach numbers between 1.l. and 1.5.


The present invention relates to an enzymatic digest of kelp or seaweed and a method for preparing the same, and more specifically, washing and desalting kelp or seaweed; degrading with a primary enzyme consisting of endo-β-1,4-glucanase, alginic acid lyase and exocellulase, and arabanase The present invention relates to a method for preparing an enzymatic digest of kelp or seaweed, comprising the step of degrading with a secondary enzyme consisting of cellulase and β-1,4-glucanase. The enzymatic degradation product of kelp or seaweed of the present invention contains the active ingredient of kelp or seaweed efficiently, so it can be said that the industrial utilization of food, cosmetics, etc. is very high. Therefore, the enzymatic degradation product of kelp or seaweed of the present invention and a method for preparing the same provide a new means for widely utilizing seaweed or seaweed in food compositions and cosmetic compositions. Kelp, seaweed, enzyme digestion, seaweed liquid raw material


Medea's awakening love for Jason is the great theme of the third book of Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica. At the opening of that book—that is to say, at the very centre of the four-book epic—the Hellenistic poet signals a programmatic redirection, invoking the Muse Erato to inspire his tale of Jason's winning of the golden fleece, aided by the love of the Colchian princess (Мηδείηϛ ὑπ' ἔϱωτι, Ap. Rhod. 3.3). This is the first mention of Medea in the poem. Writing a few centuries later, the Flavian poet Valerius Flaccus for the most part adheres closely to Apollonius' narrative outline. As we shall see, however, he manifests comparatively little interest in the love story between Jason and Medea, and takes a different approach to the problem of integrating Medea into the plot. Though, as with the earlier epic, she will not appear as a dramatis persona until the second half of the epic, she is mentioned at the very outset of the narrative (1.61-63), and a number of times thereafter in the early books. Thus by the time the Argonauts reach Colchis and Medea enters the narrative proper, she has already been presented to the reader in a number of 'previews'.


Hypothesis: There is a positive correlation between type and intensity of combined congenital ear malformations and results of surgical reconstruction. Background: Combined congenital malformations of external and middle ear pose numerous surgical problems and demand a high degree of surgical skill and a planned, staged therapy. The goals of these operations are: a limited number of operations with minimal complications, a good cosmetic result, hearing improvement, an easier use of hearing aids, removal of congenital cholesteatomas, and preservation of the labyrinth and facial nerve. Methods: The aim of this report is to present the author's experience in treating patients with combined malformations of the external and middle ear. In the period between 1992 and 2001, seventeen patients with this type of congenital malformations were operated upon. The long-standing dilemma of who operates first, the plastic surgeon or the otosurgeon, is solved here by the complete otosurgical treatment with reduced number of operations. Results: A total of 36 operations were performed on 17 patients. Staged operations were done for the indications of auricular reconstruction (14 patients), and reoperations for meatal restenosis (five patients), or cartilage graft necrosis (one patient). The number of corrective reoperations is 6 (six). Atresia was successfully treated in 14 patients, while in three cases postoperative connective tissue meatal restenosis formed. The results of reconstruction of the auricular malformation were aesthetically good in 13 patients and fair in four patients. Conclusion: We found a positive correlation between the external ear and middle ear deformity and the results of reconstruction. Two thirds of the patients had a hearing threshold level under 30 dB, while the thresholds in other patients were 30-40 dB. A residual air-bone gap of at least 20 dB was found in all patients. W o r l d A r t i c l e s o f E a r , N o s e a n d T h r o a t P a g e | 2 2009 Volume 2(1) Introduction The first written reports concerning ear malformations are found in the ancient era. However, the first confirmed description of ear malformations date from the VII century when Paulus (from Aegina) mentioned the differences between congenital and acquired forms. Treatment consisted of incision and cauterization. Scientifically based reconstruction was first tried in 1920 when Gillies used a costal cartilage graft. Different materials for restoration of delicate auricular shape were used, such as cobalt-chrome mash, acrilate, silastic and composite grafts. The reasons for the plethora of different materials and techniques are the suboptimal aesthetic results and the many operations required to achieve a good outcome when costal cartilage is used. During the last 50 years, development of tympanoplasty techniques gave rise to advances in the treatment of combined malformations of the external and middle ear. In addition, new radiologic and audiologic diagnostic methods led to improved selection and preparation of these patients for surgical reconstruction. 1,2 Embryological development of the auricle includes auricular tubercles derived from the mandibular (the first branchial arch) and hyoid arch (the second branchial arch). The external auditory canal and tympanic membrane are formed from the first branchial pouch. The first and the second branchial arches are important for the formation of the middle ear ossicles, excluding the stapedial footplate. The tympanic part of the temporal bone also calcifies postnatally creating the medial part of external meatus. Meatal atresia is caused by irregularities of this process. Cartilaginous atresia is possible, even if the tympanic ring and tympanic membrane are developed. 1,2 A number of different classifications of ear malformations that are mainly descriptive can be found in the literature. The simplest one, divides deformities into those that are big and little. Big deformities include severe microtia, underdevelopment of the meatus and tympanic membrane, reduced middle ear space, and deformed and fixed middle ear ossicles. Small deformities are characterized by moderate or little deformity of the ossicles, a normal meatus and a pneumatized middle ear space. Auricular malformations can be classified as little (Type I), vertical rudiment of auricle (Type II), and small auricular remnant (Type III). 1 Combined malformations of both structures are very important and difficult to treat. Other deformities, particularly affecting the mandible, can be also be found. Facial canal malformations, such as dehiscence or an irregular course are frequently found in the combined forms. The middle ear ossicles are often fused, with a smaller, deformed malleus and other changes. Reduced pneumatization indicates changes of other middle ear structures. As the inner ear is derived from an ectodermal otocyst, combined malformations of middle and inner ear are rare. The aim of this work is to present our experience in the surgical treatment of congenital, mixed deformities of the external and middle ear, and to present characteristics of the specific type of reconstruction that was used. Methods and Materials A complete ENT examination, auditory evoked potentials and computerized tomography were routinely performed preoperatively. During the ten year period from 1992-2001, 17 patients were operated upon for congenital external and middle ear malformations. There were seven major ear malformations, six atresia and middle ear deformities, and four minor external and middle ear malformations. A total of 36 operations were performed. W o r l d A r t i c l e s o f E a r , N o s e a n d T h r o a t P a g e | 3 2009 Volume 2(1) The classical surgical procedure for reconstruction of combined external and middle ear malformations has several stages. In order to improve the results of reconstruction and to avoid the dilemma of who operates first, the plastic surgeon or the otosurgeon, we modified the timing, order and type of surgical interventions. In the first stage, reconstruction of the atresia and middle ear space, with implantation of cartilaginous transplant is performed. Costal rib cartilage is shaped according to a prepared model. This operative stage is the longest, and the most complex. It is performed completely by the otosurgeon. In the next phase, the auricle is elevated, and in final stage, precise reconstruction of certain auricular parts is performed (Table 1 and 2). Table 1. Integrated Auricular Reconstruction Protocol (IARP), Aguilar EF (1996) Table 2. Modified surgical technique for atresia and microtia repair For the reconstruction of meatal atresia and the middle ear space, an anterior incision is used with elevation of soft tissue in two layers. The skin incision should never be placed over the cartilaginous transplant. The atretic plate is visualized and completely removed with a burr. Any malformed ossicles which are found are inspected and their mobility, shape and relation with other structures are analyzed. After surgical enlargement of the external meatus and middle ear space, an adequately large temporalis fascial graft is placed over the ossicular system and borders of the newly created anulus. A meatoplasty with resection of soft tissues and formation of a new ear canal with a 50% bigger diameter than normal are the next steps. Proper position of the auricle and cartilaginous canal is assured. Reoperations were performed for staged reconstruction of the auricle, or for correction of a suboptimal anatomic or functional outcome. Aesthetic and audiologic postoperative results were analyzed for at least six months. W o r l d A r t i c l e s o f E a r , N o s e a n d T h r o a t P a g e | 4 2009 Volume 2(1) RESULTS: The applied surgical technique resulted in adequate diameter of the meatus in 61.5%, while in 38.5% restenosis was found. Reoperations were performed in cases of restenosis, and only in one case (7.7%) the surgical result was insufficient. Postoperatively, in four patients, infection of the skin occurred, but was successfully treated with parenteral and local antibiotics (Table 3, 4 and 5). Table 3. Type of deformity and number of performed operations Table 4. Type and number of performed operations Table 5. Results of reconstruction of combined external and middle ear malformations W o r l d A r t i c l e s o f E a r , N o s e a n d T h r o a t P a g e | 5 2009 Volume 2(1) In all cases with major malformations (microtia gradus III, meatal atresia and middle ear malformation) we found fusion of the malleus and incus with their fixation to atretic plates. The stapes was unchanged, but with significantly reduced visibility during surgery. Removal of the atretic plate enables ossicular mobility and adequate function. In all the cases, a mobile ossicular chain was achieved (Figure 1-5.). Figure 1. CT of congenital atresia: (Left atretic plate, Right well-developed middle ear space) Figure 2. Reconstruction of atresia and minor auricular malformation W o r l d A r t i c l e s o f E a r , N o s e a n d T h r o a t P a g e | 6 2009 Volume 2(1) Figure 3. Atresia repair. Figure 4. Reconstruction of the atresia and major auricular malformation using cartilage transplant Figure 5. Intraoperative view on malformed ossicles (M-malleus, I-incus, S-stapes) and atretic plate (AP) W o r l d A r t i c l e s o f E a r , N o s e a n d T h r o a t P a g e | 7 2009 Volume 2(1) In one case, postoperative partial facial palsy was noticed, but the resolution was spontaneous. Sensorineural hearing loss and postoperative otorrhea were universally absent. The degree of external ear deformity correlated with the deformity of the middle ear and results of operation. In the cases of major auricular deformities big malformations of ossicles, reduced pneumatization and facial malformations were always present. Audiological results were also worse. Postoperative audiometry showed hearing thresholds under 30


1Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery; 2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Correspondence: Dr Eldon Shaffer, University of Calgary, Division of Gastroenterology, Health Science Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1. Telephone 403-210-9363, fax 403-210-9358, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com Received for publication January 2, 2005. Accepted February 23, 2005 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMPACT OF OBESITY We live in a supersized world, where big is small, huge is medium and enormous is large. A recent addition to this environment was the Hardee's "Monster thickburger" boasting a gargantuan 1420 calories and 107 g of fat. Not only has this product taken off, customers have been literally devouring it, leading to a 20% increase in sales at Hardee's stores since its 2003 debut (1). Therefore, it is not surprising that in the United States, at least 131 million adults are overweight or obese, and obesity is the second most common cause of death in the United States (2). In Canada, the situation is similar, with almost 31% of Canadian adults classified as obese (3); indeed, obesity has doubled over a 13-year period from 1985 to 1998 (4). The health consequences of obesity are devastating and expensive, accounting for 2.4% of the total Canadian health care expenditures for all diseases and a direct cost of $1.8 billion in 1998 (4). Furthermore, obesity is associated with many comorbid illnesses such as hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, coronary artery disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pancreatitis and steatohepatitis, as well as breast, endometrial, prostate and colon cancer. These alone account for an additional 2.5 million deaths per year worldwide (5). Thus, organizations such as the National Institutes of Health and the Surgeon General of the United States have acknowledged the importance of the problem and have urged the development of public health strategies to curb the epidemic (6).


The CISK-mechanism is studied by means of an analytical model which allows for a simple discussion of the effect of different distributions of the diabatic heating. The model indicates that CISK may be of importance in polar air if the heating takes place in a shallow layer at low levels. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1985.tb00439.x


Physics has delivered extraordinary developments in almost every facet of modern life. From the humble thermometer and stethoscope to X‐Ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET and radiotherapy, our health has been transformed by these advances yielding both morphological and functional metrics. Recently high resolution label‐free imaging of the microcirculation at clinically relevant depths has become available in the research domain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on current imaging techniques, state‐of‐the‐art advancements and applications, and general perspectives on the prospects for these modalities in the clinical realm. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The purpose of this research is to analyze the internal and external aspects of the environment that becomes the strength, the weakness, the opportunity, and the threat for Kawasan Sentra Industri Keripik Kota Bandar Lampung and make a strategies to develop it. This research applies the quantitative approach with descriptive type of research and using SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis and AHP (The Analitic Hierarchy Process) as tools of research. Based on SWOT analysis to the internal and external factors of the Kawasan Sentral Industri Keripik Kota Bandar Lampung, recommended alternative strategy for the developing area which are WO Strategy (Weakness-Opportunity), as a strategy to minimize weakness and to make opportunity useful. Key-word : The Development Strategy, Small Scale Industry, SWOT Analysis


Regional autonomy is the authority of the autonomous regions to organize and take care of its people, in accordance with the regulations applicable law. To assess the performance of local government (local government) in managing local financial is to perform financial ratio analysis of the financial statements and the realization of local government budgets. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of South Tangerang City Government for 2010-2014 as well as to determine the level of efficiency and effectiveness of South Tangerang city government in managing its resources. The data used in this research is descriptive quantitative research that the financial statements of Local Government. Furthermore, the data will be analyzed using a number, ranging from data collection, interpretation of the data and the appearance of the resultsData used are secondary data from Revenue Budget Realization Report and Expenditure South Tangerang City in 2010-2014 After analysis, the results showed that (1) Financial performance Revenue South Tangerang City Regional are generally said to be good. This is evidenced (a) Ratio Independence Regional Income average above 100%, (b) Ratio Effectiveness and Efficiency of Local Taxes, the general effectiveness ratio average of 55.002% and the ratio of average efficiency of 5.3304%, Degree ( 2) Financial performance Regional Shopping South Tangerang City Government in general can be quite good. Keywords : Financial Performance, independence ratio, the ratio of the effectiveness of efficiency, the ratio growth


Container is one of the key factors that influence the quality and cost control of the container growing landscape plants. With the technology application of growing landscape plant in container, design, manufacture and selection of the container is becoming more and more important. This paper mainly expounds the container and its type evolvement, trying to give some suggestions to nurserymen so that they can choose containers appropriately and economically.


Military intervention in civil wars by smaller states has often been interpreted as a sign of the increasing importance of indirect intervention as a means of foreign policy: the smaller intervening states are seen to have acted as the proxy of a major power. The Angola conflict in particular has been cited in this connection, and Cuba is often said to have intervened on behalf of the Soviet Union. Other examples have also been mentioned. However, it is not always clear what characterizes a proxy in this sense. This article tries to identify relevant criteria, and argues that a reasonable definition of a proxy relationship must be formulated in terms of power. Some of the instances of intervention by proxy mentioned in the literature are then examined in the light of this definition. In none of these is it possible to demonstrate that the intervening state actually acted as proxy for another. This conclusion may be the result of defective instruments of analysis, but it may also reflect the fact that interventions by proxy have not actually taken place.


The {}^{17}O NMR spectra of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O$_{8+\delta}$ (Bi-2212) single crystals were measured in the temperature range from 4 K to 200 K and magnetic fields from 3 to 29 T, reported here principally at 8 T. The NMR linewidth of the oxygen in the CuO_{2} plane was found to be magnetically broadened with the temperature dependence of a Curie law where the Curie coefficient decreases with increased doping. This inhomogeneous magnetism is an impurity effect intrinsic to oxygen doping and persists unmodified into the superconducting state.


The invention relates to an infrared nearsightedness prevention reminding device which comprises a body. At least one infrared distance measuring sensor is arranged inside the front portion of the body. An alarm apparatus connected with the infrared distance measuring sensor is arranged on the rear portion of the body. An adjustment device which brings convenience to body angle adjustment and distance reminding is arranged in the middle of the body. A fixing device which brings convenience to body fixation is arranged at the lower end of the adjustment device. A connecting part supplying electricity to the infrared distance measuring sensor is arranged on the body. The infrared nearsightedness prevention reminding device has the advantages that the body with the built-in infrared distance measuring sensor is fixed through the fixing device, the angle formed by the body and a user and the distance between the body and the user are adjusted through the adjustment device, and therefore the practicability is improved; the electricity is supplied to the infrared distance measuring sensor through the connecting part, when the infrared distance measuring sensor detects that the distance between the body and the user is smaller than the specified distance, the alarm apparatus gives an alarm signal to remind the user, therefore, influences caused by the excessively short distance on the eyes are avoided, and the generation probability of the nearsighted eyes is effectively reduced.


Fault diagnosis has been considered as a crucial technique that the commercial fuel cell systems should be equipped with. Knowing that different faults or functioning modes can cause different distributions of current densities, monitoring the current density for fuel cells could be a possible solution to realize fault diagnosis. In the previous studies, a non-intrusive current density estimation method has been developed by measuring the magnetic fields around the fuel cells. However, a clear quantitative diagnosis strategy was not provided in these studies. This paper is dedicated to study a quantitative data-driven diagnosis strategy based on the magnetic measurement. In the proposed strategy, fault diagnosis can be realized by a two-step procedure, i.e., feature extraction and classification. The high diagnosis performance on the detection and identification of several common faults highlights the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. In addition to the basic diagnosis function, an index is proposed to quantify the faulty level as a fault is diagnosed. The proposed strategy is also compared with the ones in the literature to show its pros and cons.


To address the prognostic value of combining tubular basement membrane (TBM) and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness in diabetic nephropathy (DN).


Though written over 200 years ago, Emily Dickinson's nature poems, especially about bees, offer not just beautiful language, but also an invitation to pause and wonder about the scientific understanding from her observations. We know that bees are, in fact, needed not just to make prairies but so much more. Revery (daydreaming, meditating) may not make a prairie, but perhaps Dickinson is getting at the importance of taking time to pause, look, listen, and think. This revery may help connect literature and science in our classrooms. A


In financial mathematics, it is a typical approach to approximate financial markets operating in discrete time by continuous-time models such as the Black Scholes model. Fitting this model gives rise to difficulties due to the discrete nature of market data. We thus model the pricing process of financial derivatives by the Black Scholes equation, where the volatility is a function of a finite number of random variables. This reflects an influence of uncertain factors when determining volatility. The aim is to quantify the effect of this uncertainty when computing the price of derivatives. Our underlying method is the generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) method in order to numerically compute the uncertainty of the solution by the stochastic Galerkin approach and a finite difference method. We present an efficient numerical variation of this method, which is based on a machine learning technique, the so-called Bi-Fidelity approach. This is illustrated with numerical examples.


Modern, low-emission, radially staged combustors present the diffuser with a flametube of increasing radial depth. However, conventional diffuser systems limit the amount of flow diffusion and deflection that can be achieved in a given length, and, therefore, unconventional configurations such as hybrid or bled diffusers must be considered. This paper reports on the design and development of a hybrid diffuser for use with a radially staged combustor and compares its performance with that of a conventional bifurcated diffuser system. A simplified computational model was employed in conjunction with a fully annular isothermal test facility incorporating engine representative outlet guide vane wakes and a radially staged combustor. The hybrid diffuser was shown to operate well in excess of conventional design limits, and good agreement was seen between predicted and measured velocity profiles at diffuser exit. Moreover, the increase in area ratio offered by the hybrid system was realized without deterioration in the diffuser effectiveness, and, as a result, a 25% reduction in the total pressure loss to the combustor feed annuli was achieved.


Abstract : The report deals with one way of generating an unsteady flow past a body -- breaking the diaphragm of a shock tube. A visualization of the phenomenon within the boundary layer of such a flow was attempted by using bubbles. A method has been suggested for further work in this line. An unsteady flow was then generated using water as the flow medium in a towing tank following the principles of Ahlborn. Various improvements have led to an experiment that can visualize the details of flow within the boundary layer. The technique has been successfully applied to the case of unsteady flow past a flat plate.


E. M. ANITAS1,2,a, I. BICA3, R. V. ERHAN1,2, M. BUNOIU3, A. I. KUKLIN1,4 1Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Moscow region, Russian Federation E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Corresponding author 2Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania 3West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania 4Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russian Federation


Since American subprime mortgage crisis broke out, it is one of the most important tasks for the international finance corporation and supervision authorities in every country to strengthen the operation supervision, especially to the non-interest income of the finance organization. The article defined the category and levels of the non-interest income operation risk in banking and explained the operating mechanism of the non-interest income operation to the banking's risk. At the same time, it analyzed the general model of developing the non-interest income operation in our banking and built the risk supervision frame of non-interest income operation in our banking.