The responses of vascular endothelial cells (EC) to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), interleukin-1α (IL-1), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were compared with respect to the kinetics of (i) NF-κB activation, (ii) IκB-α and IκB-β degradation, and (iii) NF-κB-dependent cell surface molecule expression. TNF rapidly (≤20 min) and persistently (>20 h) activates NF-κB; IL-1 rapidly activates NF-κB, but activity declines by 3 h and further by 20 h; PMA slowly and transiently activates NF-κB. Untreated EC contain the inhibitory proteins IκB-α and IκB-β. The onset of NF-κB activation correlates with degradation of IκB-α, but IκB-α reappears by 4 h without resequestration of NF-κB. TNF causes a rapid but partial (50%) reduction in IκB-β, which does not recover by 22 h; IL-1 and PMA cause slower and less sustained reductions in IκB-β. All three agonists induce de novo expression of E-selectin (CD62E) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) and increase expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) at 4 h. TNF induces sustained increases in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and increases human leukocyte antigen class I molecules at 24 h. We conclude that TNF causes persistent activation of NF-κB in human EC and that this may result from sustained reductions in IκB-β levels.


Prepn. of a propionic acid derivs. of formula (I) comprises: (a) reacting a propiophenone deriv. of formula (II) with a halogenating agent to give an acid of formula (III); (b) reacting with an alcohol of formula R2OH (IV) and an orthoformate of formula HC(OR2)3 (V) to give an acetal of formula (VI); then either (1) (c) converting (VI) into a dicarboxylic ester of formula (VII) in presence of zinc halide; (d) hydrolysing (VII) to give an acid of formula (VIII); and (e) treating (VIII) with a condensing agent to give (I); (2) (c1) reacting (VI) with zinc halide to form (VII); (d1) treating (VII) with a condensing agent to form an ester of formula (IX); and (e1) hydrolysing (IX) to form (I); or (3) (c2) treating (VI) with a base in a proton-donating medium to form (VIII); and (d2) treating (VIII) with a condensing agent to form (I). R1 = H or lower alkyl; R2 = lower alkyl; R'1 = lower alkyl (and is the same as R2 when R1 = H); X = halo. (VI) are new when R'1 = H or 1-6C alkyl; and R2 = 1-6C alkyl.


This paper approaches the transformations brought to the newsroom practices from the point of view of professional journalists who use new communicational tools. The scientific inquiry is qualitative, through semi-structured interviews with Romanian journalists from broadcast, online and print media, affected by different aspects of media convergence.


In this paper we demonstrate that different incomplete markets models yield qualitatively distinct predictions about how consumption growth responds to declines and increases in earnings. Markets are either exogenously incomplete in that households can only trade a risk-free bond, subject to a possibly binding borrowing constraint, or endogenously incomplete due to enforcement or informational frictions that prevent perfect risk sharing. We then use earnings and consumption data from the 1980 to 2000 Consumer Expenditure Survey to empirically test these implications about the asymmetric consumption responses to positive and negative earnings growth, in order to assess which form of market incompleteness approximates individual consumption smoothing opportunities best


Aging is characterized by loss of muscle strength, but its etiology is not well understood. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are bioactive compounds that are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and renal failure. However, their relationship with skeletal muscle has not been well characterized.


This article uses the finite element method to analysis and calculates the electric field intensity of 500kV power transformer's HV winding. Through analysis and research the power transformer, the article has simplified the model of power transformer. Using ANSYS software establishes 2-D modeling of 500kV power transformer to analysis and conducted on the model mesh. Through analysis and understanding the power transformer's data, the boundary conditions are gotten which should be imposed on the various parts of the model. This article gets clear electric potential and electric field distribution by using finite element method to calculate the electric field intensity. The structure of power transformer has been optimized after analyzing the electric field distribution. Changing the radius of the electrostatic ring can decrease the maximum electric field intensity value of insulating layer surface, and the electrical field intensity will be more evenly distributed in the whole domain in power transformer, which is very important to design reasonable insulation structure for power transformer.


Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is the most abundant lipid droplet (LD)‐associated protein in nonadipose tissue, and its expression correlates with intracellular lipid accumulation. Here we identified a missense polymorphism, Ser251Pro, that has major effect on protein structure and function, along with an influence on human plasma triglyceride concentration. The evolutionarily conserved Ser251Pro polymorphism was identified with the ClustalW program. Structure modeling using 3D‐JigSaw and the Chimera package revealed that the Pro251 allele disrupts a predicted α‐helix in PLIN2. Analyses of macrophages from individuals carrying Ser251Pro variants and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably transfected with either of the alleles demonstrated that the Pro251 variant causes increased lipid accumulation and decreased lipolysis. Analysis of LD size distribution in stably transfected cells showed that the minor Pro251 allele resulted in an increased number of small LDs per cell and increased perilipin 3 protein expression levels as compared with cells carrying the major Ser251 allele. Genotyping of 2113 individuals indicated that the Pro251 variant is associated with decreased plasma triglyceride and very low‐density lipoprotein concentrations. Altogether, these data provide the first evidence of a polymorphism in PLIN2 that affects PLIN2 function and may influence the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.—Magné, J., Aminoff, A., Perman Sundelin, J., Mannila, M. N., Gustafsson, P., Hultenby, K., Wernerson, A., Bauer, G., Listenberger, L., Neville, M. J., Karpe, F., Borén, J., Ehrenborg, E., The minor allele of the missense polymorphism Ser251Pro in perilipin 2 (PLIN2) disrupts an α‐helix, affects lipolysis, and is associated with reduced plasma triglyceride concentration in humans. FASEB J. 27, 3090–3099 (2013). www.fasebj.org


Abstract Introduction: Short stems have been designed with the purpose of preserving bone tissue, decreasing the incidence of thigh pain and facilitating surgical techniques. The aim of our study was to assess whether a shortened tapered conventional stem was able to reduce the incidence of thigh pain. Methods: Between March 2010 and December 2012, 200 patients were enrolled in the study. Visual analogue scale (VAS) that included mapping of the pain, Harris Hip Score (HHS), Short Form-12 (SF-12) and radiographic outcomes were evaluated prior to surgery as well as at 6, 12 and 24 months post-operatively. Results: After 6 months, 6 patients (3%) had thigh pain. After 12 months, 3 patients (1.5%) complained about thigh pain. After 2 years, 2 patients (1%) had thigh pain. There was no correlation between pain and clinical, radiological, or demographic variables. Conclusion: The shortened tapered conventional stem resulted in a lower incidence of thigh pain for up to 2-years following surgery, compared with conventional or other short stems.


The direct displacement-based seismic design is an effective way to fulfill the principle of performance-based seismic design.It mainly consists of the following three aspects: procedures of direct displacement-based seismic design,methods of displacement demand estimation and the determination of target displacement.In this paper,these three aspects are reviewed based on the research achievements home and abroad,and the prospect of the future trends is also presented.


This paper presents a set of paleogeographic maps that illustrate the formation and evolution of the Caribbean from latest Triassic to latest Jurassic. Stratigraphic data and plate-tectonic models indicate that the Caribbean first evolved as a system of latest Triassic–Middle Jurassic rift valleys in west-central Pangea. Probably since the Bajocian, but certainly since the Oxfordian, it became a marine seaway connecting western Tethys with the eastern Pacific. In contrast, abundant paleontological data strongly suggest that the seaway across west-central Pangea opened during the Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Pliensbachian), which data conflict with the stratigraphic data. This contradiction between paleontology (biogeographic interpretations) and stratigraphy (paleogeographic interpretation) reveals our insufficient knowledge about the Mesozoic geology of west-central Pangea. This paper is a contribution to IUGS/UNESCO IGCP Project 433.


This article is, obviously, a brief preliminary announcement. The author cites the results of his experiments, where he adopted a new method of research, based on the constancy of changes discovered by the Nissl method in the cells of the central nervous system after the interruption of the corresponding peripheral nerves.


An ultrasmall single-electron transistor has been made by scaling the size of a fin field-effect transistor structure down to an ultimate limiting form, resulting in the reliable formation of a sub-5 nm Coulomb island. The charge stability data feature the first exhibition of three and a half clear Coulomb diamonds at 300 K, each showing a high peak-to-valley current ratio. Its charging energy is estimated to be more than one order magnitude larger than the thermal energy at room-temperature. The hybrid literal gate integrated by this single-electron transistor combined with a field-effect transistor displays >5 bit multiswitching behavior at 300 K with a large voltage swing of ∼1 V.


The aim is to analyze the relationship between the subjective assessment of their cognitive status by elderly citizens of the Republic of Karelia and the indicators of their social frustration. Methods. The level of social frustration according to L.I. Wasserman's test, subjective assessment of cognitive impairments according to the self-diagnosis questionnaire of cognitive disorder by McNer and Kahn in 411 elderly people living in Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia was studied. The average age of the respondents was 64,43 ± 6,57 years; men made up 32,6 % (n = 134), women — 67,4 % (n = 277). Results. It was revealed that elderly citizens were characterized by a low final average index of social frustration — 1,68 ± 1,22 points, but at the same time they were completely dissatisfied with their financial situation (30,90 %), the situation in society (state) (30,41 %), medical services (23,36 %), the sphere of services (20,68 % of respondents). In the repertoire of frustrations, a significant (p = 0,0094) gender specificity was traced only in the position of «marital relations» with the prevalence of concern among men. Among elderly residents of Petrozavodsk, clinically pronounced cognitive impairments are observed in 7,46 % of women and 9,34 % of men. Their leading complaints in the cognitive sphere are: obsessive doubts (8,27 %), forgetting phone numbers (5,84 %), using memoranda (3,89 %), slowness (3,89 %). At the same time, men significantly more often forget the day of the week (р = 0,05), and women mostly experience obsessive doubts (р = 0,00), are characterized by indecision (р = 0,05) and note a feeling of «emptiness» in their heads (р = 0,04). Moreover, the severity of frustration is directly proportional to the subjective assessment by persons of the «third age» of the score of their cognitive incapacity. Conclusions. The above-mentioned mal-adaptive frustrating installations of the elderly townspeople of the Republic of Karelia lead to a deterioration in their cognitive functions, which must be taken into account when optimizing strategies for the provision of medical and social assistance on a population scale.


• Purpose: To re-conceptualize Web 2.0 tools within the intellectual and theoretical frameworks currently driving changes in academic learning communities and to explore the effect of this paradigm shift on academic


Objective: Several studies carried out over the last years show that patients' adjustment is very important to the past experiences of people with cancer. In our study of 96 subjects with cancer, we examined whether patient's working model of attachment anxiety/avoidance and perceptions of social support predicts adjustment to cancer.


Three Gorges channel of Yangtze River is famous as its long history and beautiful scene and important transportation function and plays an important role in life and multiply of Ba people and the forming of cities in this area.Three Gorges channel breeds and multiplies Ba people with its rich resources and provides Ba people with waterway and provides necessary prerequisite of the forming of cities in Bayu district.


Several publications in the field of pathology, overestimating medical consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, are reviewed here. Among the causes of high registered incidence of pediatric thyroid cancer after the accident was the screening effect with detection of advanced cases. This explains also for the relatively high prevalence of dedifferentiated histological patterns and pronounced invasiveness described as the features of Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer. Mechanisms of false-positive diagnostics of thyroid and urinary bladder lesions are analyzed here. Morphological features of renal cell carcinoma from Chernobyl and adjacent areas are discussed in relation to the averagely late detection of malignancies. In conclusion, results of some molecular-genetic and other studies based on Chernobyl material should be re-evaluated, considering that many tumors detected during the first decade after the accident by the screening or brought from non-contaminated areas were advanced tumors, some of them misinterpreted as aggressive radiogenic cancers developing after a short latency.


The generalized Dirac equation of the second order, describing particles with spin 1/2 and two mass states, is analyzed. The projection operators extracting states with definite energy and spin projections are obtained. The first order generalized Dirac equation in the 20-dimensional matrix form and the relativistically invariant bilinear form are derived. We obtain the canonical energy-momentum tensor and density of the electromagnetic current expressed through the 20-component wave function. Minimal and non-minimal electromagnetic interactions of fermions are considered, and the quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian is found. It is shown that there are only causal propagations of waves in the approach considered.


In this paper, a new method to produce the functional continuum for the micro-devices is proposed. The method is a topological optimization technique based on the function of a continuum and is composed of three steps. First, an initial mechanism model, which conforms to the given function, is determined using the Evolutionary L System (ELS). The ELS is a technique to obtain the optimum plate-thickness distributions of material using L System with genetic algorithms. The obtained mechanism model is changed to a framed structure as rahmen model in the second step. The cross-section and length of members in the framed structure are optimized to maintain the original design requirement. In the final step, the framed structure is changed to the functional continuum using some well-known shape optimization techniques. This method is applied to the problem of functional continuum, which is to produce the micro-gripper of two fingers for the use in the medical fields. The micro-gripper is cut with YAG laser and the performance by the piezoelectric actuator is confirmed experimentally. From the results, it is obvious that the proposed method is very useful to produce the functional continuum.


If common mechanisms underlying cryptogenic stroke can be clarified, we will need to reevaluate the current approach to secondary prevention. Here, elucidation of "emoblic stroke of undetermined source."


This paper, which draws on ongoing empirical work in the UK, considers the particular dynamics of time within domestic settings. It situates those dynamics within arguments that have drawn attention to the power of the new information and communication technologies to transform our perceptions of, and relations to, time (and space). It suggests that an understanding of the patterns of everyday life, both inside and outside the home, provides a basis for a more sensitive awareness of the complex patterns of temporality which emerge around the consumption of new media technologies.


Background: Agaves in Mexico are plants with great economic, gastronomic and cultural value. Despite the multiple forms of reproduction of plants belonging to the genus Agave, several of these species are threatened due to their slow growth, low percentage of seed viability, destruction of its habitat, excessive looting, interruption of its ripening cycle due to the use of their different organs,however, it has been posible to establish biotechnological techniques for its propagation, conservation and genetic improvement. Objective: At the present work were selected a representative species  of Agave, one of them for pulque production (A. salmiana) (As) and the other one in the production of mezcal (Agave marmorata) (Am) with the aim to establish an efficient micropropagation protocol optimizing the concentrations of the citokinin benzylaminopurine (BA) and the auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the in vitro morphogenesis of both species. Methodology: Two in vitro culture systems were conducted in three explants (zygotic embryonic axis (E1), in vitro meristematic zone (E2) and ex vitro meristematic zone (E3)). Results: Shoots regeneration was achieved in all tested experiments; the highest number of shoots in As was 23.8 for explant using the E2 of directly regenerated in vitro germinated plants using a concentration of 10 mg L-1 of BA, while in Am 24.7 shoots/explant were obtained with 5 mg L-1 of BA using the zygotic embryonic axis who throughing a callus phase. Implications: The results obtained help to understand the importance of developing specific micropropagation protocols for each species, as well as contribuiting in the masive multiplications of A. salmiana and A. marmorata by understanding the effect of cytokinin BA and auxin 2,4-D and their combination in the formation of shoots by direct and indirect organogenesis. This provides a conservation alternative and an opportunity to startgenetic improvment programs. Conclusion: The results of this research suggest that the choice of explant, multiplication system, species and plant growth regulators are the key to obtain a greater number of shoots with high ex vitro survival rates.


Ion transfer across the interface of two immiscible liquids involves a mechanism for initiating desolvation from the first liquid, A, and concerted solvation by the second, B. In the present article a mechanism is considered in which this initiation is facilitated by the ion attaching itself to the tip of a solvent protrusion of B into A. (Protrusions have been observed in computer simulations and termed "fingers" or "cones.") It is presumed that the most effective protrusion represents a balance between two opposing effects: the more convex the protrusion the less probable the ion/protrusion formation but also the less the resistance to extrusion of the intervening liquid between the ion and the surface. An analogy of the latter to hydrodynamics is noted, namely, the more convex the surface the less the frictional force it exerts on the approaching ion. After diffusion in coordinate and solvation space across the interfacial region, the final detachment of the ion from solvent A is assumed to occur from a protrusion of A into B. Existing data on ion transfer rates are discussed, including the question of diffusion vs kinetic control. Computer simulations that correspond to the experimental conditions in realistic liquids for measurement of the electrochemical exchange current rate constant k0 are suggested. They can be used to test specific theoretical features. With a suitable choice of systems the need (and a major barrier to the simulations) for having a base electrolyte in such simulations can be bypassed. An experiment for the real-time observation of an ion leaving the interface is also suggested.


The title compound, C34H33NO5·0.5H2O, has been synthesized by reacting 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 5,5-dimethyl-3-(p-tolylamino)cyclohex-2-enone and indan-1,3-dione, under microwave irradiation, in a mixture of glycol and acetic acid as solvent. The central N-substituted ring adopts a boat conformation. The uncoordinated water molecule is disordered over two positions, both lying on a twofold symmetry axis.


This article deals with the social value of Ankang dialects and the relationship with the culture of the Hanshui River.


Concrete is a composite materials obtained by mixing cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water in required proportions. The compressive strength, workability, durability and other properties of concrete depend upon the properties of its ingredient materials, proportions of the mixture, the adopted method of compaction and workmanship during placing and curing. The worrying poor quality of blended Portland cement concrete in Kenya has necessitated research into the suitability of the blended Portland cements for structural concrete production. In this experimental study, the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the locally available blended Portland cements have been investigated and their influence on the slump and compressive strength of concrete evaluated. The results show that due to the difference in the quality and quantities of blends (pozzolana and/or lime) added to the cements and the variations in the production systems, the locally available cement brands have varying physical, mechanical and chemical properties. These variations affect the slump and the compressive strengths of concrete produced by the blended cements from the different local manufacturers.  It was also observed that the locally available blended Portland cements may not be suitable for the production of concrete class C25 and above since none of the locally available blended cement brands achieved the target design strength of 36.22MPa required for class C25 concrete at a workable slump of ≥30mm. The results further show that the blended Portland cement concrete compressive development continue beyond 28 days with the increase in strength of approximately 25% between 28 days to 90 days.


The paper investigated and a classification of methods and principles of diagnosis of the financial condition of the company on its various levels, the position and role modeling in financial analysis, according to existing classifications, the main types of models used in the diagnosis of the financial condition of the company; disclosed a system of indicators of economic status.


In this article, we propose a method to identify contamination events (location and time of release) by enhancing a mathematical method originally proposed by Carasso et al. (Carasso, A., Sanderson, J.G. and Hyman, J.M., 1978, Digital removal of random media image degradation by solving the diffusion equation backward in time. SIAM Journal of Numerical Analysis, 15(4)). The method of the Marching-Jury Backward Beam/Plate Equation, applied earlier to groundwater problems, is enhanced and coupled to discrete Fourier transform processing techniques to solve a two-dimensional (2D) advection-dispersion transport problem with homogeneous and isotropic parameters backwards in time. (Atmadja, J. and Bagtzoglou, A.C., 2001a, Pollution source identification in heterogeneous porous media. Water Resources Research, 37(8), 2113–2125; Bagtzoglou, A.C. and Atmadja, J., 2003, The marching-jury backward beam equation and quasi-reversibility methods for hydrologic inversion: application to contaminant plume spatial distribution recovery. Water Resources Research, 39(2), 1038. Cornacchiulo, D. and Bagtzoglou, A.C., 2002, The marching-jury backward plate equation for contaminant plume spatial distribution recovery in two-dimensional heterogeneous media: Computational Issues, In: S.M. Hassanizadeh, R.J. Schotting, W.G. Gray and G.F. Pinder (Eds.) Computational Methods for Subsurface Flow and Transport (Netherlands: Elsevier Publishers) pp. 461–468. The difficulties associated with this ill-posed, inverse problem are well-recognized (Atmadja, J. and Bagtzoglou, A.C., 2001b, State-of-the-art report on mathematical methods for groundwater pollution source identification. Environmental Forensics, 2(3), 205–214). We, therefore, enhance the method by integrating an optimization scheme that takes as input parameters the stabilization parameter, the transport velocities, and the coefficient of diffusion. The objective function is set as an equally weighted sum of different mass and peak errors that can be calculated based on a combination of exhaustive contaminant coverage at specific points in time (e.g., lidar) and/or point data collected at a continuously monitored network of chemical sensors or biosensors, which may be stationary or mobile.


An intercooler mounting structure for a vehicle is provided to secure a shock absorbing space by separating the intercooler in the case of vehicle collision without reducing the thickness and the efficiency of the intercooler. An intercooler(100) has an end coupled with a fan shroud(400) by a hinge(600) rotatively and the other end supported by an intercooler base(500) formed with holding hooks(510) curvedly to be held by a bracket(800) formed in a front end module carrier lower member(700).


First Edition 1. International Human Resource Management: The European Contribution 2. The Added Value of the HR Department 3. International HRM in Medium Sized MNEs: Evidence from Ireland 4. MNE Staffing Policies for the Managing Director Position in Foreign Subsidiaries: The Results of an Innovative Research Method 5. Localisation as an Ethical Response to Internationalisation 6. International Rewards Systems: To Converge or not to Converge 7. Global or Multi-Local?: The Significance of International Values in Reward Strategy 8. Performance Appraisal of Host Country Employees: Western MNEs in China 9. Strategic Staffing in Multinational Companies: A Resource Based Approach 10. International Assignments Across European Borders: No Problems? 11. Irish Expatriates in Moscow: Exploratory Evidence on Aspects of Adjustment 12. An Integrative Framework for Pre-Departure Preparation 13. Repatriation and Career Systems: Finnish Public and Private Sector Repatriates in their Career Lines 14. Women in International Management: Why are they not Selected? 15. Qualitative Research Strategies in International HRM


This work reports the effect of thickness and annealing on the surface morphology and optical properties of spin coated Lanthanum Fluoride (LaF3) thin films. LaF3 films have been prepared by spin-coating process. The variation of surface morphology with varying thickness of the deposited Lanthanum Fluoride (LaF3) spin coated thin films was analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Optical Microscope (OM). Transmittance and Reflectance of the films were measured by Perkin-Elmer λ-19 Spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 1100 nm for different layer thickness. The effect of annealing on surface smoothness as well as on Transmittance, Reflectance and absorbance of LaF3 films of different thickness has also been observed. Annealing was done at 400 ̊C for 15 minutes. It was observed that the spin coated LaF3 films provide a good transmittance in the near-infrared wavelength range and with proper annealing treatment better surface smoothness of the films could be obtained which enhanced the transmittance to a good amount.


Following the end of the Second World War many migrants came to Australia from Britain, and Western and Southern Europe. New waves of migration followed in the late 20th and early 21st century and brought people from Asia, the Pacific and the Middle East. An increasing number of students from the latter regions, with diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, enter professional courses in Australian educational institutions. This presentation is based on a systematic review of the literature and explores how nursing as an occupation is perceived in some of these current source countries and regions from which Australia's new migrant groups have come, and what motivates these students to enter nursing courses. The overarching question is whether traditional and cultural views on nursing might have an impact on aspects of students' training, and their ability to understand and adapt to Australian nursing philosophy and nursing methods. Six inter-related emerging themes are identified: (i) nursing perceived as a safe career with long term, stable employment opportunities and financial security (ii) nursing perceived as an humanitarian and helping occupation; (iii) nursing perceived as a science and the provision medical treatment; (iv) nursing perceived as intrinsically women's work, or 'dirty work' for females – religious and cultural barriers; (v) nursing perceived as a means to emigrate to wealthy Western countries – the nursing export industry; and (vi) nursing perceived as educational attainment – a 'means to an end' where the prize is a university or college education. Acculturation to the Australian style of nursing for overseas born student nurses is important. Students need to succeed to achieve their personal goals. For the profession, it is important that overseas born students are well prepared to face the challenges of nursing in Australian healthcare facilities, and to become confident and productive members of the nursing workforce over the long term.


The VisMap system provides for visual manipulation of arbitraryoff-the-shelf applications, through an applications graphical userinterface. VisMaps API-independent control has advantages for tasksthat can benefit from direct access to the functions of the userinterface. We describe the design goals and architecture of thesystem, and we discuss two applications, a user-controlled visualscripting program and an autonomous solitaire-playing program,which together demonstrate some of the capabilities and limitationsof the approach.


The paper presents an analysis of basic factors that influence the efficiency of maritime transport and technological systems in exploration of coastal and offshore deposit fields. A new approach to study and design of maritime transport and technological systems and optimisation of their contents is described, wherein vessels are presented as independent objects that move and interact in geo-information environment guided by logical units of a dynamic simulation model.


Since 1982, a Development-Oriented Research on Agrarian Systems (DORAS) approach has been sucessfully used at four complementary sites in southern, central and western Thailand to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of 50 to 80% of small-scale and resource-poor farming systems facing elimination. Setting research priorities in close collaboration with farmers was made through complementary diagnoses at regional, farm and plot levels. Based on the agrarian, agricultural production, cropping systems and itinerary of techniques concepts at each of these three complementary analytical scales, the theoretical framework and derived comparative, systemic and historical DORAS approach favors a relevant understanding of key interactions between bio-physical, technological factors or conditions and socio-economic circumstances. The finalised initial diagnosis emphasizes a comprehensive approach to fanner differentiation process and characterization of the functioning of the main types of farming systems. Farmer participation is again emphasized during design and testing of innovations to satisfy farmers objectives by using a rigorous articulation between on-farm experiments and agronomic surveys in farmers fields to design new types of trials. They aim at building different itineraries of techniques and cropping systems according to criteria in agreement with the functioning of target farming systems. Such farmer-researcher partnership guarantees the elaboration of well-adapted solutions and later accelerates their dissemination among organized producers. Evaluation of their adoption is carried out rapidly but systematically using a network of reference farms. Four complementary case studies from various Thai agroecosystems provide key illustrations, assessments of economic returns to investment in DORAS approach as well as future directions for theoretical and methodological research. (Resume d'auteur)


In the range of 2009 to 2013, agricultural production in Batu City declined. The impact of this decline in agriculture has made farm labor economically difficult. This makes the farm laborers begin to abandon their fighting activities. This phenomenon makes the diversification of the rationality of the work of farm labors into street vendors. The purpose of this study was to describe the scheme of voluntaristic action of farm laborers in achieving their economic needs in the street vendor sector, as well as to describe the rationality of the diversification of farm laborers' jobs into street vendors in the Junrejo District of Batu City. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive type. The subjects of the study were farm laborers who chose to leave work as farm laborers to turn into street vendors and farm laborers who still remained farm laborers but also worked as street vendors. The technique of collecting data uses observation, interviews, and documentation, while the data analysis technique uses data reduction, data categorization, synthesis. The technique of checking the validity of the data uses persistent observation, triangulation, and peerderieting. The results of this study are that the scheme of voluntaristic action of farm laborers in achieving their economic needs in the street vendors sector starts from the rapid tourism in Batu City. Farm workers have actions towards sluggish agriculture by utilizing the development of tourism in Batu City. Some of their actions were to become street vendors in the Batu City Square area, open another business and become an online driver. One of the rational actions of farm workers is to diversify work. Farmers in diversifying their work are based on consideration of the work of farm labors who are very heavy and have little income. The aim of farm workers in diversifying their work is to obtain greater profits compared to the work of farm workers.


Universities are international institutions. Knowledge has no boundaries and universities have traditionally welcomed individuals from many nations to study and teach. Indeed, the origins of the universities were international. The early European universities used an international language, Latin, and from the first had an international student body. Academic institutions continue to be international-and one of the aspects of internationalism, foreign students, has become an issue of importance and considerable controversy in the modern world. Foreign students constitute an important element of the world higher education equation. It has been estimated that there are more than one million students studying outside the borders of their home countries, with 325,000 studying in the United States, 114,000 in France, and 62,942 in the Soviet Union, the top three "receiving" nations. The bulk of the world's foreign students come from the developing countries of the Third World and they study in the industrialized nations of the "North." The impact of foreign students is significant. It has been estimated that more than $2.5 billion is devoted to the education of foreign students in the United States and over 10 percent of total university enrollment in France is foreign. In the United States, graduate study has been especially affected by foreign students, with half of graduate enrollments in fields like engineering and computer science made up of foreign students. Debates concerning appropriate policies regarding foreign study, the economic impact of foreign students, curriculum, ideological ramifications, and other aspects are increasingly common in many countries.' This article places the multifacted policy, curricular, and economic questions relating to foreign students in a broad comparative context.' It is my conviction that the foreign student issue has been neglected, that it has broad ramifications for higher education, and that it is in many ways symptomatic of international relationships in higher education relationships that are based on deep-seated inequalities and that are affected not only by educational factors but by economic and political considerations that transcend higher education. Not only are foreign students a significant educational variable, but they reflect basic issues in higher education. Those involved


Work on Lavoie inequalities in the past was done mainly on Moore–Penrose inverse and {1, 4}-inverses of matrices. To our best knowledge, there was no work published on generalized inverses of matrices based on {2}-inverses and weighted generalized inverses. In this article, we present the Lavoie inequalities for weighted {2, 4}-inverses and weighted Moore–Penrose inverse of matrices. Moreover, the Lavoie inequalities for {2, 4}-inverses of matrices are also obtained as special cases.


A free electron can temporarily gain a very significant amount of energy if it is overrun by an intense electromagnetic wave. In principle, this process would permit large enhancements in the center-of-mass energy of electron-electron, electron-positron and electron-photon interactions if these take place in the presence of an intense laser beam. Practical considerations severely limit the utility of this concept for contemporary lasers incident on relativistic electrons. A more accessible laboratory phenomenon is electron-positron production via an intense laser beam incident on a gas. Intense electromagnetic pulses of astrophysical origin can lead to very energetic photons via bremsstrahlung of temporarily accelerated electrons.


Adolescent pregnancy rates decreased substantially from 1990 to 2005, stalled between 2005 and 2007, and then declined rapidly from 2007 to 2013.


In this paper, we extend the system AF2 in order to have the subject reduction for the ß?-reduction. We prove that the types with positive quantifiers are complete for models that are stable by weak-head expansion.


Pavement deflection has been used widely as a nondestructive technique to evaluate the structural capacity of pavements at both network and project levels. Various transportation agencies use several evaluation methods to evaluate the integrity of the pavement layers. Most of these up-to-date developed indices are exclusively based on either central deflections or one deflection point along FWD deflection bowl. However, no standardized method that utilizes the full FWD deflection bowl is available. This study aims to introduce new comprehensive pavement layer deflection and deflection bowl area parameters that are based on the entire FWD deflection bowl rather than one single deflection point and to relate the developed parameters to the field measured distress data. Thirty-five different pavement sections in the State of Texas were utilized in the study. Two comprehensive deflection parameters and a ranking scale were developed that may be utilized for the overall pavement structural condition evaluation.


Information obtained on residence time distributions of wheat grains in conventional- and whirling-fluidized beds showed that two-stage whirling beds exhibit closer to ideal mixing behavior. Deviations from ideality increased for the cases with two-stage and one-stage conventional fluidized beds. The presence of two stages as compared with only one stage during flui-dization demonstrated narrower residence time distributions and more even heat treatment of individual grains. Germination tests, selected as indicators of the severity of the heating process and mechanical damage inflicted upon the product, indicated that the extent of germination of the grain after processing was negatively influenced by increasing initial moisture content, tem-perature, and degree of agitation. Although the intense agitation existing in whirling fluidization appeared to increase particle damage as measured by germination tests, modifications in equipment design may be introduced to minimize such deleterious changes. Overall, whirling beds present an improved approach to dehydration systems.


Reaction of Copper(I) halides CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) in methanol with bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (dppa, 1) yields complexes [Cu3X2(dppa)3]X (X = Cl, Br, I: 2a–c). The derivates [Cu3X2(dppa)3]PF6 (2a′–c′) have been synthesized by metatheses of 2a–c with NH4PF6. The IR, Raman, 31P{1H} NMR, 1H{31Ρ} NMR, 13C{1H} NMR spectra, and FD mass spectra as well as the conductivity data are reported and discussed together with the X-ray crystal structure of 2a · 5 CH3OH. The structure consists of the trinuclear cations [Cu3Cl2(dppa)3]+, distorted tetrahedral anions [Cl( · · · HOCH3)4]- and molecules of methanol of crystallization, hydrogen bridged to the solvated anions. The Cu3Cl2 core of the cations corresponds closely to a trigonal bipyramid with the copper atoms in the equatorial and the chlorine atoms in the axial positions. The colourless prisms of 2a · 5 CH3OH crystallize in the triclinic space group P1̅, with the lattice constants a = 1368.0(4); b = 1486.7(4); c = 2036.8(10) pm; α = 74.52(3); β = 74.73(3); γ = 82.26(2)°. Raman and 31P{1H} NMR data of the complexes [Cu(X)dppm]4 (dppm = (C6H5)2PCH2P(C6H5)2; X = Br, I) described earlier suggest that these compounds should also be formulated as [Cu3X2(dppm)3]X (4b, c). The Raman spectra of the cations of 2a–c, 2a′–c′ and 4a–c show bands at 165 (X = Cl), 145 (X = Br) and 125 (X = I) cm-1, which can be assigned to the symmetric (XCu3X) stretching mode of the XCu3X unit.


Founded upon the fact that the condition of paddy grains is controlled by the fertilizing rate, a table has been made, where the applicable coffecient of kernels per 1.8L, is "a function" and the fertilizing rate, that is the remaining rate of kernels, is a variable. The table construction is as following. The relation of fertilizing rate with the remaining rate of kernels, r=0.6680, y=19.78+0.8059x, σ=4.5%(Fig.1) Its relation with the applicable numbrt of grains r=0.9759 y=148.6-1.4907x, σ=4.35%(Fig.2)


SDN( Software-Defined Network) is one of the hottest networks under research and development,yet its evolution direction and application potential need to be recognized calmly. By compared with policy based network,the principles of OpenFlow and SDN are introduced,and the SDN architecture is described. Its innovation in the network programmability and virtualization are illustrated in detail. The main problems of SDN such as application software license model,global status information collection and central controller scalability in large scale network are analyzed. It is pointed out that the SDN application domains are mainly local autonomous networks. The typical application scenarios are presented with the cross-layer integration requirements of IP,optical and wireless networks emphasized.


Power quality has become a major issue in electrical systems. Power quality improvement like harmonic compensation is mostly done using Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF). In conventional hybrid active power filter (series LC type) the reduction of DC voltage is based on the amount of inductive load present at the point of common coupling (PCC). If the load pattern varies the DC bus voltage requirement will be variable in conventional structures and compact inverter with reduced voltage rating can not be selected for the application. In this paper, a control strategy has been proposed that enables hybrid active filter to compensate harmonics with reduced DC bus voltages for any inductive/harmonic loading. DC Bus voltage reduction is achieved by an intentional reactive current injection from the inverter and such injection is required only when there is no or minimum inductive load at the PCC. Moreover, a fixed margin controller has been proposed for a general loading condition. The fixed margin controller keeps the maximum value of the modulation signal at a desired value. This allows the compensator to compensate higher magnitude of harmonics at reduced DC bus voltage. The proposed control scheme has been verified through detailed simulation studies and analysis.


To manage the risk arising from uncertainty in market demand, this paper introduces the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure into the decision framework of the newsvendor who aims to minimise his opportunity loss. It is found under the CVaR measure that the newsvendor's optimal order quantity is increasing in the confidence level when the understock loss is bigger than the overstock loss. This implies that an over-ordering may be even more caused by the newsvendor's risk aversion about opportunity loss than risk seeking behaviour. Under this optimal order quantity, it is proved that the newsvendor's expected profit and expected opportunity loss are decreasing and increasing in the confidence level, respectively. Furthermore, some management insights are presented to facilitate the risk management of the newsvendor model.


This chapter contains sections titled: Various Types of Noise that Appear in Images Spatial Filtering Spatial Frequency Filtering Image Restoration


Task scheduling is one of the key challenges in cloud computing, and deadline is one of the most important criteria for prioritizing tasks when scheduling on resources, which provides useful information for the scheduler about the priority of tasks. This paper presents a method called MCMF for scheduling tasks based on priority in the cloud environment. In addition to scheduling deadline-sensitive tasks, the MCMF also attempts to balance the load of virtual machines at the time of allocation. The proposed method is simulated in CloudSim toolkit, and the simulation results show that the reject rate and the system throughput were improved. Also, makespan and resource utilization have been improved with regard to the prioritization technique of virtual machines in the proposed method compared to recent studies.


Neuritis is a much misused term. Many of the conditions to which it is sometimes applied are in fact of mechanical origin. For instance, brachial neuritis may be used as a diagnostic label for pain in the arm accompanied by paraesthesiae and neurological signs when in fact the basic cause is compression or irritation of posterior roots by a protruding intervertebral disk or cervical spondylosis, pressure on the brachial plexus by a cervical rib or by drooping of the shoulder girdle in the axillary-inlet syndrome, or injury of a peripheral nerve, as by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel or friction to the ulnar nerve at the elbow in association with cubitus valgus or osteoarthritis of the elbow. Similarly, in the lower limb, sciatic neuritis and femoral neuritis probably do not exist, the majority of cases of sciatica and anterior crural pain being due to mechanical causes, such as protrusion of intervertebral disk or other lesions compressing the nerves or posterior roots. In such cases drug treatment can only be of very limited value and consists of suitable analgesics. The essential treatment for the condition-immobilization, physiotherapy of various types, manipulation, or surgical treatment-varies with the aetiology. The administration of vitamin-B preparations for such conditions has no rational place in treatment. Multiple peripheral neuritis or polyneuritis is to some extent also a misnomer, but in many of such cases there


Since modeling expertise is necessary in an expert recommendation system, this paper addressed the issue to obtain researcher expertise in the academic field on certain topic interest. The profile considers productivity and dynamicity of an expert. The productivity of research activities through published articles as research output determine expertise that changes over time to indicate the dynamicity aspect. Here, the resulted expertise status on certain topic interest augments the expert profile. However, the expertise status is unavailable in the expert finder dataset. This paper discussed on approaches to classify the status from features of productivity and dynamicity in the form of fuzzy rules, which can be applied later in the expert recommendation system. Then, the approaches include of determining topics, mapping expertise candidates, extracting features, and labeling expertise status for training to generate fuzzy rules. Because of unavailable expertise status, to get better labels, the results of linear model and clustering were compared. Based on the empirical experiments, rules trained from scaled data with expertise labels from fuzzy clustering gave better results. After simplifying the rules, if-then forms with two features were representable enough for identifying the status of specialist or thriving experts on a topic interest.


Simple Summary Measurable residual disease (MRD) is emerging as an important prognostic and predictive biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its use is currently hampered by the disparity and lack of harmonization between the available MRD methodologies. In addition, the current assessment of MRD in AML focuses only on the quantification of the residual leukemic burden, without addressing the parallel alterations of the antineoplastic immune response that can critically affect the course and outcome of AML, often despite MRD persistence. Incorporating parameters of immune competence provides more consistency with the biological concept of MRD and may lead to higher accuracy. Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a highly efficacious and sensitive technology for the thorough and synchronous investigation of the kinetics of both antitumor immunity and the leukemic clone. MFC-based MRD provides the platform for the development of a composite leukemia- and immune-based biomarker which can outcompete the current MRD assessment. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of clonal myeloid disorders characterized by intrinsic molecular variability. Pretreatment cytogenetic and mutational profiles only partially inform prognosis in AML, whereas relapse is driven by residual leukemic clones and mere morphological evaluation is insensitive for relapse prediction. Measurable residual disease (MRD), an independent post-diagnostic prognosticator, has recently been introduced by the European Leukemia Net as a new outcome definition. However, MRD techniques are not yet standardized, thus precluding its use as a surrogate endpoint for survival in clinical trials and MRD-guided strategies in real-life clinical practice. AML resistance and relapse involve a complex interplay between clonal and immune cells, which facilitates the evasion of the leukemic clone and which is not taken into account when merely quantifying the residual leukemia. Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) offers the possibility of capturing an overall picture of the above interactions at the single cell level and can simultaneously assess the competence of anticancer immune response and the levels of residual clonal cells. In this review, we focus on the current status of MFC-based MRD in diverse AML treatment settings and introduce a novel perspective of combined immune and leukemia cell profiling for MRD assessment in AML.


Background: As of May 4, 2020, India has reported 42,836 confirmed cases and 1,389 deaths from COVID-19. India's multipronged response included nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) like intensive case-based surveillance, expanding testing capacity, social distancing, health promotion, and progressive travel restrictions leading to a complete halt of international and domestic movements (lockdown). Objectives: We studied the impact of NPI on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in India and estimated the minimum level of herd immunity required to halt it. Methods: We plotted time distribution, estimated basic (R0) and time-dependent effective (Rt) reproduction numbers using software R, and calculated doubling time, the growth rate for confirmed cases from January 30 to May 4, 2020. Herd immunity was estimated using the latest Rtvalue. Results: Time distribution showed a propagated epidemic with subexponential growth. Average growth rate, 21% in the beginning, reduced to 6% after an extended lockdown (May 3). Based on early transmission dynamics, R0was 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.79–3.07). Early, unmitigated Rt= 2.51 (95% CI = 2.05–3.14) (March 15) reduced to 1.28 (95% CI = 1.22–1.32) and was 1.83 (95% CI = 1.71–1.93) at the end of lockdown Phase 1 (April 14) and 2 (May 3), respectively. Similarly, average early doubling time (4.3 days) (standard deviation [SD] = 1.86) increased to 5.4 days (SD = 1.03) and 10.9 days (SD = 2.19). Estimated minimum 621 million recoveries are required to halt COVID-19 spread if Rtremains below 2. Conclusion: India's early response, especially stringent lockdown, has slowed COVID-19 epidemic. Increased testing, intensive case-based surveillance and containment efforts, modulated movement restrictions while protecting the vulnerable population, and continuous monitoring of transmission dynamics should be a way forward in the absence of effective treatment, vaccine, and undetermined postinfection immunity.


Proves that the reliable computation of any Boolean function with sensitivity s requires /spl Omega/(s log s) gates if the gates fail independently with a fixed positive probability. This theorem was stated by Dobrushin and Ortyukov (1977), but their proof was found by Pippenger, Stamoulis, and Tsitsiklis (1991) to contain some errors. >


Foreword by Heidi Hayes Jacobs Acknowledgments About the Author Introduction What Is This Book All About? Why Bother? The Theorists: Research on the Brain and Learning The Practitioners: Abandonment of an Overloaded Curriculum and Adherence to Standards of Learning The Parents: What Will Our Children Need 25 Years From Now? The Students: Education Is a Vaccination How Can the Curriculum Be Integrated? 10 Models of Integrating the Curricula Agree/Disagree Introductory Activity Four-Fold Concept Development Activity Examples of the Four-Fold Concept Development Activity How Do Teachers Use This Book? 1. Model 1: Cellular What Is the Cellular Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Cellular Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 1: Cellular 2. Model 2: Connected What Is the Connected Model? What Does It look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Connected Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 2: Connected 3. Model 3: Nested What is the Nested Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Nested Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 3: Nested 4. Model 4: Sequenced What Is the Sequenced Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Sequenced Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 4: Sequenced 5. Model 5: Shared What Is the Shared Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Shared Model Useful? How to Integrated the Curricula Working With Model 5: Shared 6. Model 6: Webbed What Is the Webbed Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Webbed Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 6: Webbed 7. Model 7: Threaded What Is the Threaded Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Threaded Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 7: Threaded 8. Model 8: Integrated What Is the Integrated Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Integrated Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 8: Integrated 9. Model 9: Immersed What Is the Immersed Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Immersed Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 9: Immersed 10. Model 10: Networked What Is the Networked Model? What Does It Look Like? What Does It Sound Like? What Are the Advantages? What Are the Disadvantages? When Is This Networked Model Useful? How to Integrate the Curricula Working With Model 10: Networked Appendix A: Assessing Curriculum Integration: Units of Study Appraising Curriculum Integration Appraising the Integrity of the Breadth and Depth of the Curriculum Integration Unit Sample Rubric Assessing the Effectiveness of the Unit in Terms of Student Achievement General Rubric History Rubric Language Arts Rubric Conclusion References Index


The Hall mobility of electrons has been measured between 90∼400°C K with many dark-conducting CdS/Ga, CdS/Cl and CdS/Cd single crystals. Among these results several typical data taken with crystals having non-degenerate carrier concentrations were chosen for analysing temperature dependence of the mobility. Assuming the observed mobility at lower temperatures is slightly influenced by the impurity scattering and Conwell Weisskopf formula is available here, it has been found that the plausible lattice scattering mobility after correction is well given by the following polar scattering form µ L = A {exp (Θ/ T )-1} with A = 92.5±15 cm 2 /volt sec and Θ= 370±30° K. In order to reach this result it is necessary to suppose there are about 10 17 ∼10 18 uncontrollable deep-lying centers per unit volume in the present crystals, which permanently capture the conduction electrons and act as scatterers. The value of the characteristic temperature seems to be reasonable as compared with the one (Θ= 250∼300° K) previou...


Meridional diurnal tidal winds derived as described by Khattatov et al. [this issue] from the high-resolution Doppler imager (HRDI) data are used in the linearized tidal equations to solve for the diurnal tidal oscillations in the zonal and vertical velocity, pressure, temperature, and dissipation in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The resulting monthly mean latitude-altitude cross sections of the amplitudes of the tidal zonal, meridional, and vertical velocity, pressure, temperature, and Rayleigh friction and vertical diffusivity are presented for 12 months of the combined 1992/1993 year. The results show profound seasonal changes and interhemispherical differences in the calculated tidal amplitudes and dissipation. The derived monthly mean vertical diffusion coefficients are compared with the results of Garcia and Solomon [1985]. The Rayleigh friction coefficients and vertical diffusivities derived from HRDI measurements can potentially have important impact on modeling of the chemistry and composition of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, in particular, on numerical modeling of atmospheric thermal tides.


Recently it is required to consider the wave impact load for the structural assessment of FPSO appurtenance. The importance of the wave impact load in the deep sea was increased after the casualty of the structure by the wave impact has been reported in FPSO installed in the North Sea. The wave impact load is not easy to estimate because the wave impact pressure has the uncertainty in the peak pressure, the wave celerity, the impact area and the wave breaking location relative to target structures. In this study, the experiments with the modulated wave train for wave breaking were performed to investigate the characteristics of the wave impact load on the circular cylinder typically representing the appurtenance of FPSO. The design guidance with the parameters both the celerity of the breaking wave and the impact zone was proposed for applying the wave impact load on the design step of the appurtenance.


The General Lighthouse Authorities (UK & Ireland) DGPS service came into operation in 1998. In common with other maritime DGPS services the equipment will need replacement over the next few years, in fact computing and communications equipment have already been replaced. Replacement of existing hardware with similar, dedicated Reference Stations and Integrity Monitors (RSIM) is the baseline option and will form a fallback plan if other options prove not to be feasible. However, the choice of suppliers is limited and once chosen, it would be difficult to diversify. Three other options can be identified: software RSIM, Virtual Reference Station (VRS) and integration with Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS). The software RSIM option draws on the experience of the United States Coast Guard. The VRS and SBAS integration options are treated as potential alternatives to an onsite hardware or software RSIM, but the possibilities of combining either or both with the software RSIM are also considered. All options took into account the need for validation of system performance. This paper draws conclusions about feasibility, performance, risks and costs of the different options and makes recommendations on the course to adopt.


This is a review of the literature on the war in the Basque Country. Since that war's 70th anniversary what stands out is the significant increase in published essays - particularly those dealing with local history and in the reproduction of documentary sources, as well as a large number of memoirs and testimonies by the people involved.


Objective: To compare the radiological corrective effect for shoulder subluxation among GivMohr & other slings in hemiplegic patients. Method: Fifteen hemiplegic patients with flaccid upper limb were included. The vertical distance (VD), horizontal distance (HD) & joint distance (JD) on the plain AP views of the shoulders were measured. GivMohr sling was compared with 2 conventional slings, which were forearm cuff type extension sling and Bobath sling, in the effects of correction. Results: The mean values of VD and JD of hemiplegic shoulder increased compared to unaffected side, but those of HD was not different between them. In Bobath sling, VD was significantly reduced and HD was not changed. However, JD was increased as other studies. GivMohr sling and forearm cuff type extension sling showed corrective effect in VD and JD (p<0.05). When compared with these two slings, there were no significant differences in VD and JD. Conclusion: The results show that GivMohr sling reduces shoulder subluxation as other slings. This new sling is helpful for patients with flaccid upper limbs to reduce shoulder subluxation. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2007; 31: 410-416)


Marital satisfaction has been acknowledged as a strong determinant of quality of life and highly related with mental and physical health status of individuals. Hence, understanding factors that influence marital satisfaction is crucial in order to ensure a well-balance human being. Using data on 400 married Chinese women in Selangor, this study aims to examine the relationships between personal background factors, discord with mother in-law, and spousal support with marital satisfaction. Established and pilot tested instruments were used to measure the key variables in this study. Bivariate analyses revealed that level of education (r= 0.15), individual income (r=0.16), family income (r=0.22), extraversion (r=0.26), agreeableness (r=0.36), conscientiousness (r=0.24), neuroticism (r= -0.24), openness to experience (r=0.43), spousal support (r=0.48) and conflict with mother-in-law (r=-0.56) were significantly related to marital satisfaction. Furthermore, family income (β= 0.134), extraversion (β=-0.135), agreeableness (β=0.176), openness to experience (β= 0.289), spousal support (β=0.367) and conflict with mother-in-law (β=-0.407) were significant predictors of marital satisfaction. Findings from this study emphasized the importance of positive personality traits, spousal support and the negative influence of conflict with the mothers-in-law on marital satisfaction of the respondents.


Conventional wisdom says that female physicists leave the field in disproportionately high numbers at every level of their academic careers. The fall-off in numbers, which has been dubbed the "leaky pipeline", is a problem that university administrators have tried to hard to solve. However, a new study from the American Institute of Physics (AIP) suggests that– at least in the US– the pipeline leaks only at the start.


Sean Wilentz, a Princeton University history professor, Bancroft prizewinner, and contributing editor to The New Republic, said during George W. Bush's second presidential term that, "George W. Bush's presidency appears headed for colossal historical disgrace. Barring a cataclysmic event on the order of the terrorist attacks of September 11, after which the public might rally around the White House once again, there seems to be little the administration can do to avoid being ranked on the lowest tier of U.S. presidents. And that may be the best-case scenario. Many historians are now wondering whether Bush, in fact, will be remembered as the very worst president in all of American history." (1) Wilentz's comments led me to wonder whom historians currently rank as America's "worst" presidents and how that category is determined. To answer the last part of that question, I examined six presidential-ranking surveys done since 1948, the year when Harvard Professor Arthur Schlesinger, Sr. compiled the first such census of historians, and found certain evaluative criteria central to their results. (2) Those criteria include: Domestic policy: Generally, the more the president's domestic policies are endorsed by the American people and passed by the legislature the higher the president's poll rankings. Foreign policy: Significant foreign policy success can compensate for domestic failure. President Nixon ranks low on many lists, but he had key triumphs in the foreign policy area. These achievements help balance the deficits he displayed in the domains of character and integrity. Character and integrity: The attributes of character and integrity are important when judging presidents. Bill Clinton marred a successful residency with many personal scandals, like lying to the public. Crisis management How a president deals with domestic and international crises has a great impact on how they're evaluated. Lyndon Johnson did a poor job handling the Vietnam War. That poor performance lowers his ranking, despite his impressive domestic attainments, particularly in the realm of civil rights. Presidential appointments: The individuals that presidents appoint to various offices can influence presidential standing. Presidents Harding and Grant did great harm to their presidencies with inept, corrupt appointments, and their rankings reflect this. Public persuasion: The ability to persuade the public to their point of view is one of the most powerful weapons that presidents possess. Ronald Reagan, who is known as the "Great Communicator," was a virtuoso in this area. Presidential vision: Not having a vision of what one wants to accomplish usually results in a failed presidency. Without a master plan, the president is vulnerable to the inclinations of Congress, which can then take the lead in making policy for the nation. To find out which presidents currently dwell at the bottom of presidential evaluation surveys, one can look at such inventories and see who they include. A particularly well-respected appraisal of American presidents was released in 2009. In that year, C-SPAN (National Cable Satellite Corporation), a network designed to show public affairs programming, conducted a survey of 65 presidential historians and experts on the presidency and asked them to rank American presidents using the following ten standards: public persuasion, crisis leadership, economic management, moral authority, international relations, administrative skills, relations with congress, vision/ setting agenda, pursued justice for all, and performance within the contexts of the times. What follows is an '"indexed list" of the lowest scoring ("worst") presidents from the 2009 C-SPAN survey, starting with the nethermost scoring president first. (3) (Indexing is a general semantics approach that involves examining parts of a larger category. It can be helpful to uncover differences that might make a difference and differences that don't. …


In order to solve the practical need of fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump,a new fault diagnosis method based on rough set(RS) theory was proposed.This method uses wavelet analysis to process noise abatement for original data and combines with software Labview to extract characteristics so as to get data information which reveal its inherent laws and establish fault diagnosis decision-making table.Then it utilizes rough set(RS) theory to extracts diagnosis rules in decision-making table for the sake to provide effective basis for fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump.The validity of this method was verified through the experiments.


We present some recent advances in the computational study of baryon number violation in high energy electroweak collisions. We examine classically allowed processes above the sphaleron barrier and, using a stochastic search procedure, we explore the topology changing region in the energy and particle number plane. Finding topology changing classical solutions with small incident particle number would be an indication that baryon number violation becomes unsuppressed in high energy collisions. Starting with a topology changing solution of approximately 50 incoming particles, our Monte-Carlo procedure has produced other topology changing solutions with 40% lower incident particle numbers, with energies up to one and a half times the sphaleron energy. While these solutions still involve a rather large number of incident particles, we have nonetheless demonstrated that our search procedure is effective in reducing the particle number while ensuring topology change. Taking advantage of more powerful computational resources, we plan to extend the search to still higher energies.


Coconut's sweetness consistency has a close connection with the quality of coconut's byproducts. And this is due to multiple factors. One of which is the maturity of coconut. Maturity classification is, therefore, the main concern for both consumers and manufacturers. However, currently the maturity classification process is mainly based on individual experience and skills developed throughout the time in the industry. Our research proposes an automatic maturity classification with a deep learning which could minimize the maturity classification time cost. The fully trained CNN structure with fine-tuning of transfer learning from well-known models were analyzed and compared. The experimental results showed that our proposed CNN structures achieved the best validation accuracy by 4-fold cross validation results with 97.27% with Binarized Saturation images, and 89.42% with HSV images.


There exists a systematic theory on the leadership function of administration.It is the responsibility as well as an important strategy and art of a leader,the practitioner of the theory,to grasp dynamically the leadership function of administration by simplifying the numerous and complicated leading process.Therefore a dynamic grasp of the leadership function also becomes one of the important criteria of measuring and judging whether a leader is competent or not.


We describe a simple modification to a grating‐stabilized diode laser intended for use in neutral atom cooling and trapping. Modulation of the laser diode's driving current at microwave frequencies induces sidebands in the laser's spectrum that eliminate the need for a second laser in a trapping apparatus, yielding a considerable savings in effort and cost. A detailed description of the process for selection and assembly of microwave components is given. In an appendix we list the hardware used, with vendor and pricing information.


To examine the quality of care delivered by a structured primary care‐led programme for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in 1999–2016.


A novel non-IP architecture without utilizing home agents on ground to register and resolve addresses for mobile small satellites is given to accomplish the small satellite constellation networking.The constellation networking model and protocols are designed.The networking model doesn't apply MEO/GEO(Medium Earth Orbit/Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellites for data and TTC(Telemetry Tracking and Command) relay.Directional antenna pointers are employed to maintain or switch over the inter-satellite links.The general satellite communication model and a satellite route information protocol(SRIP) based on weighted shortest path algorithm have been designed,and the simulation experiments have been done in OPNET as well.The results validate the design of the networking model and SRIP protocol.This work opens a new vista for networking TTC for small satellites constellation.


Presentation of Case First admission. A two-and-a-half-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of sexual precocity. She was born at 42 weeks of gestation, with a birth weight of 2.4 kg. ...


Objective:To investigate the curative effect of nasal septal construction with microwave and fractured-bone removing techniques in treatment of hypertrophy of concha nasalis inferior.Methods:109 patients with deflection of nasal septum and hypertrophic inferior turbinate were randomly divided into 3 groups,such as group A,group B,and group C.42 patients belonging to group A were treated by nasal septal construction with microwave and fractured-bone removing techniques,34 patients belonging to group B were treated by nasal septal construction with fractured-bone removing technique,33 patients belonging to group C were treated only by nasal septal construction.Results:The effective rate of group A was 100%,with statistical significances comparing with group B and group C(P 0.05,P0.01).Conclusion:Using nasal septal construction with microwave and fractured-bone removing techniques to treat compensatory hypertrophy of concha nasalis inferior is convenient and useful method.


The CT scan imaging system is one of the most interesting non-invasive radiological methods allowing the generation of tomographic images of all parts of the human body. However, CT images are corrupted by noise and blur due to the imperfections and the physical limitations of the imaging systems. Increasing the spatial resolution of these images leads to a good interpretation by the clinician.  In this paper, we propose a new approach to improve the quality of the CT images. Our method is based on the anisotropic diffusion regularisation incorporates an adaptative smoothness constraint in the deconvolution process. That is, the smooth is encouraged in a homogeneous region and discourage across boundaries, in order to preserve significant image details. The blur component is estimated by an iterative blind deconvolution approach and incorporated in the restoration process. Experimental results show a good performance and are very promising for future research.


Power and torque improvements of 30 per cent and 26 per cent respectively have been produced by turbocharging. A compression ratio of 7·6:1 is employed and petrol of 97 octane number RM is adequate.An acceptable torque curve has been obtained by the use of a turbine outlet restrictor; the standard intake manifold is retained and the compressor delivers to the standard carburettor. A unique combination of vehicle performance and driveability has resulted and exhaust and intake noise is readily controlled.Only minor engine component changes are necessary and mechanical reliability presents no problems. Specific fuel consumption is no higher than that of the normally-aspirated version of the engine, and emision of oxides of nitrogen is low.


Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a recently recognized distinct subset of lupus erythematosus, having characteristics of clinical, pathologic, serologic, irnrnunologic features. We present a case of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a 29-year-old woman with symmetric, superficial, nonscarring papulosquamous lesion on the face, scalp, and the extensor surface of the upper extremities. She has a mild systemic illness of musculoskeletal complaints. Serologic abnormalities of the patients are positive rheumatoid factor and anti-Ro antibody test, but fluorescent antinuclear antibody test is negative, which is done by the conventional methods uaing rodent tissue for the substrate. The histopathologic finding of the lesion show the sarne general pattern of the cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and lupus band test is positive.


The COVID-19 outbreak, a recent major public health emergency, was the first national health crisis since China entered the era of mobile social media. In this context, the public posted many quarantine-related posts for help on social media. Most previous studies of social media during the pandemic focused only on people's emotional needs, with less analysis of quarantine help-seeking content. Based on this situation, this study analyzed the relationship between the number of quarantine help-seeking posts and the number of new diagnoses at different time points in the pandemic using Zhihu, the most comprehensive topic discussion platform in China. It showed a positive correlation between the number of help-seeking posts and the pandemic's severity. Given the diversity of people's help-seeking content, this study used topic model analysis and sentiment analysis to explore the key content of people's quarantine help-seeking posts during the pandemic. In light of the framework of uses and gratifications, we found that people posted the most questions in relation to help with information related to pandemic information and quarantine information. Interestingly, the study also found that the content of people's quarantine posts during the pandemic was primarily negative in sentiment. This study can thus help the community understand the changes in people's perceptions, attitudes, and concerns through their reactions to emergencies and then formulate relevant countermeasures to address pandemic control and information regulation, which will have implications for future responses to public health emergencies. Moreover, in terms of psychological aspects, it will help implement future mental health intervention strategies and better address the public's psychological problems.


STUDENT-HELD MISCONCEPTIONS REGARDING AREA AND PERIMETER OF RECTANGLES DECEMBER, 1993 SUSAN M. CARLE, B.A., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AT AMHERST M.A., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AT BOSTON Directed by: Professor Patricia S. Davidson Students enter the classroom with individual schemas, based on their experiences and ideas, which influence the reception, interpretation, and recollection of new information. Effective teachers must understand the implications of these existing schemas. As an experienced classroom teacher, the author finds students often manipulate and apply new information well in class, only to forget or alter the material a few weeks later. When misconceptions are woven into schemas, they interfere with reception of information. This thesis examines specific student-held misconceptions about the area and perimeter of rectangles and the process of their identification and eradication. Identification of the misconception is the first step in bringing about change. The process of identification begins through the analysis of a pre-test which is designed to highlight specific erroneous ideas that the students hold. Through this pre-test, the author identifies five misconceptions. For ease of discussion they have been


Although declarative configurability still predominates in the context of communication bindings, the hidden policies involved make it an unlikely candidate to cope with the ever increasing variety of demands imposed by forthcoming application domains such as real time multimedia. We therefore propose a policy-free descriptive-procedural alternative for the configuration of communication bindings which provides a more fine-grained control of procedural configurability without being tied to component-specified interfaces.


A bacterial strain,named scw2-1 which has high efficiency in yielding silk degummase,was obtained through screening the circumjacent soil of silk factory.Based on the results of morphological observation and homology analysis to 16S rDNA gene sequence,it was identified to be a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium.It is able to form spores and is aerobic and immotile,belonging to the genus of Bacillus.Optimization of scw2-1 fermentation conditions was carried out and the best condition was as follows: the best fermentation medium containing 0.03 g/mL soluble starch as the carbon source,0.03 g/mL soybean powder as the nitrogen source,K+ from 0.01 g/mL KH2PO4 as the metal ion,37 ℃ as the optimum temperature,10.0 as the initial pH,and 72 h as fermentation time.


The aim of this research is to investigate the impact that climate change has on tourism destinations using coastal UK tourism destinations as case scenarios. Four objectives were set in order to achieve this aim. (i) to review current reflections of climate change and its effects on tourism, (ii) to analyse perceived short term and long term threats of climate change at specific destinations, (iii) to asses responses to the effects of climate change and (iv) to evaluate future repercussions and priorities for such destinations. Secondary and primary research sources were used in this study. Literature on climate change and tourism was reviewed as part of the secondary research. In-depth questionnaires were carried out as primary research for the study. A qualitative study of eight UK coastal tourism destinations using interviews from key professional personnel were carried out. The findings from the study evaluated responses, reactions and repercussions of climate change impact from key stakeholders. These, in turn, raised debate and dialogue assimilating and synthesizing future policy and management needs for such destinations. The results from this study imply that the current perceptions of climate change facing UK coastal tourism destinations are mixed but with increasing, albeit, unclear concerns for the future. Results suggest a current malaise by key professional groups and local municipalities in responses, particularly to mitigate or adapt to climate change in the short term. Conclusions drawn inevitably suggest that the tourism industry at such destinations has not yet fully realised the degree of the impacts predicted and the implications for broader coastal zone management requirements. This is particularly pertinent for the long term and sustainable futures for coastal tourism destinations.


A C‐/Ka‐band circularly polarized (CP) shared‐aperture scanning antenna array has been proposed in this paper. Here, the antenna array working in the C‐band (6.48–6.52 GHz) is composed of 4 × 4 cross‐dipole antenna elements, and each cross‐dipole antenna element is fed by a 1‐to‐2 power divider with 90° phase difference, so that it can induce left/right‐hand CP wave. As for the antenna array working in the Ka‐band (27.5–28.5 GHz), it is made up of 16 × 16 CP antenna elements, in which each CP antenna element is an aperture‐coupled chamfered patch fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure. To realize the proposed scanning array, the C‐band antenna array is set within the gap between adjacent antenna elements of the Ka‐band antenna array, and the radiation apertures of all the antenna elements are printed on the same plane. Notably, such a layout can yield good isolation performance between the C‐band antenna and the Ka‐band antenna element. From the measured results, in the C‐band, the proposed scanning array can achieve a beam scanning range of 0°–38° with axial ratio (AR) < 3 dB, a port isolation of greater than 45 dB, and a maximum gain of 18.2 dBic. On the other hand, in the Ka‐band, the proposed scanning array can yield a beam scanning range of 0°–45° with AR <3 dB, a port isolation of greater than 37 dB, and a maximum gain of 26.2 dB.


This study investigates the effects of supportive messages from immediate supervisors or CEO's on employees during crisis situations. Supportive messages are hypothesized to decrease the stress levels of employees. The extent to which supportive messages from managers or executives during crisis situations affect employee perceptions of support from their organization, their CEO, and their immediate supervisor is also explored. During the research process, 78 volunteer participants received one of three messages from a hypothetical organization following a hypothetical crisis situation. Spearman's ranked correlations comparing reported support with reported stress levels indicate that, for the group studied, there is a negative correlation between perceived organizational support and employee stress levels. Internal Crisis Communication 7 Internal Organizational Communication during Crisis Situations: The Effect of Supportive Messages on Employee Stress Levels Organizational crises occur often and to a myriad of organizations. No organization is safe from crisis situations. In 2002, the news was saturated with reports of corporate financial crimes. Arthur Andersen, Enron, WorldCom, Halliburton, Qwest, and AOL Time Warner were just a few corporations that found themselves facing such charges and, as a result, receiving negative press (Vence, 2002). In past years, news reports have not only told of financial incidents threatening corporations, but of other types of incidents that threatened corporate reputations: The environmental impact of the Exxon Valdez accident, the Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, the allegations of racial discrimination within Texaco, and the ValuJet crash are examples of organizations in crisis (Ulmer & Sellnow, 1997). Depending upon how an organizational crisis is managed, the organization involved can improve their image, survive the crisis, or be completely destroyed. Because of their prevalence, the potential damage, and the skill required to manage crises, a tremendous amount of research has been conducted exploring the strategies and tactics used by organizations to address crisis situations. Most of this research uses case study methodology and focuses on how organizations in crises retain customers and maintain or produce positive public images. Rarely has the literature investigated how an organization addresses its internal public during crisis situations. Employees are crucial to the survival of an organization both during and after a crisis situation (Pearson, Internal Crisis Communication 8 2002). Employees are expected to perform their usual duties under often extreme conditions and pressures during a crisis and are then expected to perform and function as their organization makes massive changes after the crisis. Because of the importance of the employees during organizational crisis, it is vital to investigate how organizations communicate with their employees and what messages organizations communicate to their employees. This paper investigates the relationship between internal organizational communication with employees during and immediately following an organizational crisis and the levels of stress employees feel. Some specific areas to be investigated are how organizations address concerns that employees may have, show support for employees, and decrease any psychological dissonance an employee may feel during crisis situations. Research Questions 1 . What effect do supportive messages from managers or executives have on employee stress levels during and immediately following crisis


We performed measurements of a series of adsorption–desorption isotherms of nitrogen into MCM-41 and SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves with different pore sizes in a wide temperature range between a bulk triple point (Tt) and a bulk critical point (Tc). The hysteresis loop shrinks with increasing temperature and eventually disappears at the hysteresis critical temperature (Tch), in accord with the appearance of metastable states in a single pore. We estimated the exact pore sizes of our samples from comparing the experimental equilibrium pressure at 77 K with the NLDFT isotherms, where the condensation pressures at 77 K were determined by extrapolating a plot of the equilibrium pressure versus temperature measured above Tch. The pore critical temperature (Tcp) was also determined from the inflection point in a plot of the inverse slope of the adsorption step against temperature. Tch is always lower than Tcp. Both plots of (Tc−Tch)/Tc versus d/rp and (Tc−Tcp)/Tc versus d/rp form straight lines passing thr...


The problematic issues of basic functions of legal enactments and the attempt to classify them are investigated in the article.
Key words: legal act, individual act, act of enforcement function.


I have long been puzzled why a biologic statistic so mundane as the birth weight of the newly born infant was ignored by physicians until the end of the seventeenth century. And, even when they began to mention this weight, an erroneously high value was given by almost all the distinguished physicians of the day.1
 Proof of this may be found in the following quotation from Jean Charles Desessartz's great pediatric text on the physical upbringing of infants, which was published in Paris in 1760.2
 The infant who, in the first days after conception hardly equals the weight of a millet seed, develops little by little in the early months, and finally obtains such a prodigious increase in size, that at about nine months, the usual period of gestation, he weighs 12 livres or 13 pounds (livre = 489.5 gr)3 and at times as much as 14 livres or 15 pounds.


The juxtaposition of Kennedy and Reagan approaches to economic problems is particularly instructive in that they express the two major - and quite different - approaches of macroeconomic policy in the past three decades: the 1962 Kennedy Camelot which relied on traditional Keynesian economics, and the 1982 Reagan program which called for a supplyside solution to the country's economic difficulties. From today's vantage point it is useful to compare what these two different groups of economic advisors planned to do, what they did, and what the results were.


In this essay, we analyse pictures taken by participants of a research study on their daily lives during the initial lockdown period in Portugal, as the result of the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Photographs have the power to freeze a moment in time that, despite being represented in two-dimensions, is multi-layered. These images reveal the profound impact of the pandemic on people's lives, affecting the most basic elements of their existences, related to the organisation of time, the use of space and the maintenance of relationships. We argue that there is a 'back to basics' effect, not only in biographical terms but also sociologically, in the mobilisation of core concepts of the discipline to give depth and shape to the macro narratives (centred on numbers and trends) of the pandemic.


Stress wave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are used in the inspection of timber structures and frequently are included as a complement to visual inspection procedures. Inspectors use stress wave NDE techniques to locate internal voids and decayed or deteriorated areas in large timbers. Although these techniques have proven useful in inspections, little information exists concerning the relationship between stress wave parameters and important residual strength properties of large timbers. We examined the relationship between stress wave transmission time and the residual strength of large timbers obtained from two different structures. Stress wave transmission time, perpendicular to grain, was measured at several locations on each timber. Static compression tests, both parallel and perpendicular to grain, were then performed. A strong relationship was found between stress wave transmission time and residual strength in compression parallel and perpendicular to grain.


This study defines the certification sampling that guarantees with specified reliability the optimal policy being correct to the real transition probability, where the optimal policy was derived from a estimated probability. It then discusses the sampling policy as follows that efficiently obtains the certification sampling. The the transition probability is estimated by sampling, and it leads the optimal policy. On the other hand, it calculates the desired accuracy of the estimated transition probability that is necessary to guarantee the correct optimal policy. This study proposes the sampling policy that efficiently achieves the certification sampling with the desired accuracy of the estimated transition probability. The proposed method is efficient in number of samples because it automatically selects states and actions to be sampled and stops sampling when the condition is satisfied.


Scabies is estimated to affect approximately 150–200 million people globally. Outbreaks lead to absenteeism from education and employment, as well as bacterial skin infections, which can have serious complications including glomerulonephritis and sepsis. To date there is no standardization of diagnostic methods, a gap that is filled by the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies Consensus Criteria. The criteria were developed by a Delphi process involving an expert panel and ratified by a larger expert group. The result is a set of criteria including three levels of diagnostic certainty that can be applied in all clinical settings. Take a look at the concise visual summary in the supplementary materials. Engelman D, Yoshizumi J, Hay RJ et al. The 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies Consensus Criteria for the Diagnosis of Scabies. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:808–820.


This article aims to introduce the schoolbased management (SBM) policies which have been implemented since the end of 1980s in New Zealand, including the tradition of schools management, the factors and ideologies which have shaped the new SBM policies, and the content and system design of the new SBM policies. 


The present study attempts to identify the alternative investment time in the banking sector of the indonesian capital market for the purpose of earning maximum returns. In addition, the study also aims to find out the alternative investment option for banking sector stocks in the capital market. In order to find the alternative, the four criteria were used namely the fundamental aspect of finance (asset base, gross earning, profit after tax, share capital), capital market (share price, earnings, earning per share, market capitalisation, devidends policy), management efficiency (credit policy, corporate image, structure and strategy, workforce capacity, age of bank), economic condition (interest rate, inflation). The Findings of this study suggest that the short term investment is the prefered alternative investment time and BCA/ Bank Central Asia Tbk is the preffered bank in the Indonesian stock exchange. The first important indicator for investment decision making is the fundamental aspect of finance. The sub criteria in the decisions made by investors regarding the fundamental criteria (financial criteria) is profit after tax. For the capital market, the most significat aspect is earning. For management efficiency, the significat indicator is corporate image and the for economic condition aspect, the significat indicator is inflation. Keywords: investment alternatives, capital market, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)


This Note examines the Government Procurement Code and its impact on United States-Japan trade relations. It begins with a summary of discriminatory procurement practices previously permitted by the United States and Japan, followed by a brief history of the Code. The Note then addresses the Code's operative mechanisms and its effect on United States and Japanese procurement practices. Finally, it considers the NTT Agreement as an illustration of the Code's potential for opening the Japanese market to foreign suppliers.


PtSi Schottky barriers on n-type silicon have been formed with barrier heights up to 1 V, using a thin p-type interfacial layer for barrier elevation. The p-type layers are formed via shallow ion-implantation, followed by segregation to the metal-silicon interface when the silicide is formed. This results in extremely thin p-regions that enable the diodes to have near ideal forward current/voltage characteristics, with n-values of 1.02 to 1.04.