We write this editorial at a time when the political polarization in the United States and elsewhere leaves very little room for having complex and reasoned discussions that help establish trust in a diverse democracy. This is most recently evidenced by opposing views on gun control. As Hess and McAvoy (2015) state, "polarization causes distrust, and distrust causes polarization" (p. 8, citing research by McCarty, Poole, & Rosenthal, 2006). Moreover, the current polarization creates a culture where coming to a compromise that all can accept is seen as a loss for both sides, rather than as a victory for all. Reactions to recent episodes of school violence are, sadly, reflections of this growing polarization. This editorial is a continuation of conversations related to critical democracy and educational justice that have been expressed in several of our editorials (e.g., Carter Andrews, Richmond, & Floden, 2018; Richmond, Floden, Bartell, & Petchauer, 2017). These topics have continued salience given the recent school shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, and have led us to recognize the need to address critical democracy and educational justice in a more substantive way in the pages of the journal. We acknowledge that, unfortunately, school shootings are not a new phenomenon; yet, the Parkland tragedy has garnered national attention in ways that are elevating not only conversations about gun control and school safety but also other divisive issues such as free speech, environmental policy, and school choice. For these conversations to be productive and lead to democratic decisions, students must learn how to deliberate, work to understand others' viewpoints, evaluate arguments and evidence in support of each point of view, and engage with others to reach decisions. We believe that teacher preparation programs have a moral obligation to ensure that future teachers understand how to cultivate school and classroom culture and climate that emanate humanity, dignity, and respect for all, and to ensure that teachers can support students' ability to engage in discussions with those who hold opposing views. In this editorial, we outline three gap areas that currently exist in many teacher preparation programs. These areas are framed by three overarching questions that teacher educators and K-12 educators are asking in these challenging times: (a) How can we ensure student safety in learning environments? (b) How do we help preservice teachers (PSTs) and K-12 students develop foundational skills for critically discussing and analyzing controversial and sensitive topics? (c) How do teacher educators and teachers support students in justice movements and advocacy work that reflect the social justice mindsets and dispositions they aim to enact? We acknowledge that these questions are not easily addressed by program changes or curriculum reform. Collective structural change is required to achieve the type of transformative educational justice to which we aspire. Currently many teacher education programs are not designed with a curricular focus on issues of school safety, youth advocacy and resistance, trauma response, and cultivating teachers' skills for facilitating conversations related to controversial and/or sensitive topics. Furthermore, many teacher educators are ill-equipped to facilitate dialogues in their classrooms on such topics, which can have implications for maintaining affirming, inclusive, and safe classrooms. Below we describe each of the gap areas facing teacher education programs and offer ways forward for teacher educators and practicing teachers as we collectively work to effectively educate all students in the current national and global sociopolitical climate.


Indazolones possess interesting pharmacological activities. The search for indazole and indazolone-containing nuclei as drugs is an important research area of medicinal chemistry. The current work aims to evaluate a novel indazolone derivative against in vivo and in silico targets of pain, neuropathy, and inflammation. An indazolone derivative (ID) was synthesized and characterized using advanced spectroscopic techniques. Well-established animal models of abdominal constriction, hot plate, tail immersion, carrageenan paw edema, and Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia were employed for evaluating the potential of the ID at different doses (20–60 mg kg–1). Nonselective GABA antagonists, opioid antagonist naloxone (NLX) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), were employed to assess the potential role of GABAergic and opioidergic processes. The antineuropathic potential of the drug was evaluated using a vincristine-induced neuropathic pain model. In silico studies were performed to assess any possible interactions of the ID with pain target sites like cyclooxygenases (COX-I/II), GABAA, and opioid receptors. This study revealed that the selected ID (doses of 20–60 mg kg–1) efficiently hampered chemically and thermally induced nociceptive responses, producing significant anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. These effects produced by the ID were dose-dependent (i.e., 20–60 mg kg–1 and p range of 0.001–0.01) and significant in comparison to standards (p < 0.001). Antagonistic studies with NLX (1.0 mg kg–1) and PTZ (15.0 mg kg–1) revealed the involvement of the opioidergic mechanism rather than the GABAergic mechanism. The ID showed promising anti-static allodynia effects as well. In silico studies revealed preferential binding interactions of the ID with cyclooxygenases (COX-I/II), GABAA, and opioid receptors. According to the results of the current investigation, the ID may serve in the future as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of pyrexia, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, and nociceptive inflammatory pain.


The subject of this paper is the purity of water, the problems facing the whole planet in terms of it, solutions for them, as well as a little research conducted by us on our peers. Based on the theoretical framework of the work, we wanted to prove to the readers: a) The problem of water pollution has now taken on enormous proportions, and is no longer just a threat to countries far from Greece, b) there are ways to ensure drinking water for ourselves and for entire communities. Regarding the exploratory part of our work, the study involved 20 junior high school and high school students, who answered a questionnaire that examined issues such as the domestic use of water for each, their behavior towards water, etc. Then, the results were recorded and presented by means of in graphs.


Tactile or electronic skin is needed to provide critical haptic perception to robots and amputees, as well as in wearable electronics for health monitoring and wellness applications. Energy autonomy of skin is a critical feature that would enable better portability and longer operation times. This study shows a novel structure, consisting of a transparent tactile sensitive layer based on single‐layer graphene, and a photovoltaic cell underneath as a building block for energy‐autonomous, flexible, and tactile skin. Transparency of the touch sensitive layer is considered a key feature to allow the photovoltaic cell to effectively harvest light. Moreover, ultralow power consumed by the sensitive layer (20 nW cm−2) further reduces the photovoltaic area required to drive the tactile skin. In addition to its energy autonomy, the fabricated skin is sensitive to touch, mainly because a transparent polymeric protective layer, spin‐coated on the sensor's active area, makes the coplanar capacitor sensitive to touch, detecting minimum pressures of 0.11 kPa with a uniform sensitivity of 4.3 Pa−1 along a broad pressure range. Finally, the tactile skin patches are integrated on a prosthetic hand, and the responses of the sensors for static and dynamic stimuli are evaluated by performing tasks, ranging from simple touching to grabbing of soft objects.


The effect of crack propagation on the changes of natural frequency was studied through simulation of crack propagation process by dispatching element nodes one by one in a finite element model.Based on the damage mechanics principle,the projection area of crack on cross-section was used to define the damage,and to establish the fatigue life prediction model with stress amplitude and mean stress.The fatigue life prediction by this model showed good agreement with experimental results.The proposed life prediction model can effec- tively predict the fatigue life of spot welded joints.


Dear Dr. Bedrossian: A wider use of cytologic study of tracheal aspirates in pediatrics has recently been proposed.' This report describes the second case of perinatal HSV infection diagnosed by this procedure. While the first case was an example of congenitally transmitted HSV type 2 infection, the present case refers a newborn with HSV type 1 infection postnatally acquired from his mother.


Canonized by Max Weber"s "Science as a Vocation", the distinction between fact and value and the principle of Wertfreiheit (value freedom) have become foundational to sociological practice. In scientific discourse, facts refer to observed information that is both verifiable and reliable. A fact denotes "the real." Values, variously defined, are conceptualized as part of an unobservable subjective realm. The epistemological assumptions supporting this position are rarely problematized. Considering the philosophical influences upon Weber"s sociology, I view the fact/value dichotomy as an artifact of the Kantian separation of subject and object. Pragmatist philosophy offers an alternative to the Western tradition of dualism. A comparison of pragmatism with Weber"s verstehende Soziologie reveals a surprising number of affinities and provides a framework for exploring the entanglement of fact and value. Using freedom as a paradigm case, I demonstrate the significance of recognizing the entanglement of fact and value for empirical research.


A new target tracking method is propsed in this paper based on radar network theory,for meeting the exigent demand of fire-control radars resisting anti-radiation missile.Firstly,analyzed the intermittent target tracking theory is analyzed.Then,relevant evaluation indexes and an improved iterative adaptive sampling algorithm are proposed.Finally,simulation results show that the method proposed could track the plane with anti-radiation missile exactly while resist anti-radiation missile effectively.


The research presented in this article develops the explanation of fear of crime beyond that which concentrates upon the characteristics and attributes of individuals to consider structural or neighbourhood level determinants. After reviewing the theoretical arguments for such an approach, an empirical model which combines neighbourhood level data constructed from the 1981 British Census with individual level data from the 1984 British Crime Survey is presented. The results support the contention that neighbourhood structure is an important factor when discussing fear of crime.


ABSTRACT The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) became the first major environmental policy in the United States (US) in 1970. NEPA requires federal agencies to determine significant environmental impacts of their actions to the fullest extent possible. Each agency is given flexibility in their compliance (Congress, 1970). This study determines implementation methods employed by NEPA practitioners to integrate the Act and Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations into their agency decision-making and action planning processes. Twelve federal agencies were examined for this study, and 15 interviews were conducted with federal government employees working within the US Executive Branch. This study identified four methods used by agencies to implement the NEPA process into federal decision-making. NEPA training allows decision-makers to initiate the NEPA process when an action is proposed. Programmatic environmental documents review any cumulative environmental impacts from geographical locations, projects, and cumulative actions. Master plans integrate NEPA into agency budget and project planning processes. Information Technology (IT) systems allow for institutional knowledge and historic NEPA reviews to be archived in IT Decision Support Systems (DSS) to create more effective NEPA reviews. IT Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are prevalent in federal agency decision-making to efficiently locate environmental attributes near potential action sites. Information- and knowledge-sharing, informed decisions, and archived NEPA documents are realized benefits of using IT systems for NEPA.


Abstract Presented in this paper is an algorithmic procedure for resolving 'multiple conflicts' in Petri-net models of flexible assembly systems (FASs). An FAS constitutes an important part of a CIMS and is conveniently modelled with Petri nets. The 'flexibility' of an FAS appears as 'multiple conflicts' in a Petri-net model of the FAS. The proposed scheme for resolving multiple conflicts consists of three phases: identification of multiple conDict groups (MCGs) in a given Petri-net; identification of concurrently firable sub-sets (CFSSs) in each MCG; and determination of a to-be-fired transition set (FTS) based on a quantified priority scheme. Based on the proposed conflict resolution scheme, a Petri-net executor (PNE) was developed and a computer simulation of a simple flexible assembly line was performed.


The process of modeling geometric objects often entails modifica tion of a portion of a surface--a subsurface-which is part of a larger geometric shape. Most geometric modeling applications do not pro vide an interface that allows for user specification of arbitrarily shaped subsurfaces. We have developed two polygonal modeling applications which overcome this limitation. They employ an interaction technique based on 3D WYSIWYG painting which allows fine control over the precise shape of a subsurface; the painted region determines the sub surface that is to undergo geometric alteration. This correspondence between painting and geometric properties constitutes the basis of our modeling systems. And, while we operate on polygonal models exclu sively, we believe the technique may be generalized to higher-level models. Furthermore, this new type of modeling system has unexpected benefits. For instance, modeling often necessitates some form of refine ment prior to geometric alteration. Our modeling systems accomplish this by using a variety of common image processing algorithms applied to texture maps which are created as a bi-product of 3D WYSIWYG painting. Also, our established correspondence between paint and ge ometry, enables us to create new modeling paradigms by associating painting properties with geometric properties. Finally, we offer a range of applications that can benefit from such a technique. CR Categories: 1.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Geometric Transfor mations and Object Modeling 1.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Interaction Techniques 1.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Texture Additional


I-MINER is convenient to establish data mining model and embed other data mining models with I-Miner. DBSCAN algorithm can achieve clustering of any shape of dataset, Fuzzy C-Means is suitable for the dataset which is uniformly distributed around cluster centers and CABOSFV algorithm can be a good clustering for high-dimensional dataset (such as WEB data). In this thesis, DBSCAN, Fuzzy C-Means and CABOSFV clustering analysis algorithms are embedded into I-Miner to enormously satisfy users' needs, establish data mining model and support production decision-making, besides, the three mining models are compared. Through three mining models, mining and comparative analysis are made for examples to get the advantages and disadvantages of the three clustering algorithms.


Context:Long-term studies of tolerance to perinatal exposure to antiretroviral nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are required, in view of the potential genotoxicity of some of these molecules. Objective:To evaluate the incidence of cancers in uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers. Method:Cancers were detected in a nationwide prospective cohort of children born to HIV-infected mothers by standardized questionnaire during the prospective follow-up period of 2 years; thereafter, they were detected by spontaneous pharmacovigilance declaration and by crosschecking data with the national registries of childhood cancer. Standardized incidence ratio for incidence comparisons with general population. Results:Ten cases of cancer were detected among the 9127 exposed HIV-uninfected children (median age: 5.4 years, 53 052 person-years of follow-up). The overall incidence did not differ significantly from that expected for the general population: 10 cases observed versus 8.9 and 9.6 expected depending on whether 1990–1999 or 2000–2004 national rates were used as reference [standardized incidence ratio of 1.1 (0.3–1.5) and 1.0 (0.5–1.9)]. Five cases of central nervous system cancer were observed (standardized incidence ratio of 3.1 [1.0–7.2] P = 0.05 and 2.4 [0.8–5.6], P = 0.12). The relative risk of cancer for children exposed to didanosine–lamivudine combination was higher than that for zidovudine monotherapy [hazard ratio: 13.6 (2.5–73.9)]. Conclusion:This study did not evidence an overall increase in cancer risk in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposed children until 5 years of age. Results suggesting associations with specific nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combinations need further investigations. A longer surveillance, including differential analysis of the different cancer sites and various nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors administered is warranted.


The pace of scientific discovery has accelerated the role of today's biotechnology regulator. Relevant issues—including HIV, mad cow disease, global epidemic threats, new technologies, and the potential of human cloning—have further increased public demand for more regulatory oversight. A lack of clear risk management decisions in the past has both heightened public awareness to the hazards of biotechnology and decreased public confidence in the regulator's ability to address risk. Recently a popular television figure, Oprah Winfrey, was sued by a group of Texas cattle ranchers who charged that her comments about mad cow disease and the safety of beef products resulted in a dramatic and costly drop in the consumption of beef. The cattlemen were suing Winfrey under a Texas law that protects agricultural products from false and defamatory remarks. It was the beef producers' belief that Ms. Winfrey's celebrity status influenced public consumption and unduly affected their market. The beef producers were not successful in their legal action. Closer to the truth was that Ms. Winfrey's comments opened a watershed of public opinion about the safety of consuming beef. The dramatic drop in consumption following her suggestion not to consume hamburgers only demonstrated that the public no longer believed that the food safety system could protect their health: the public had lost faith in both the industry and the regulator. Similar failings of the regulatory system and corresponding drops in public confidence can also be found in the regulation of economies, international fish stocks, criminal court decisions, the management of the environment, and the safety of the blood supply. Public and consumer reaction to uncertainty can have a significant impact on the industry and the regulator's ability to ensure safety. Decreases in public confidence in biotechnology can be caused by a lack of information or understanding. These drops in confidence may also occur if the public does not understand or trust the ability of government and industry to manage this complex technology in the public interest3 (p. 2). Today's regulator of biotechnology faces the challenges of maintaining public trust with limited funding and resources, outdated federal acts and regulations, and increased demands from industry for a more competitive environment. Risks to human health and the environment are no longer containable within national boundaries since they continue to be defined and regulated within international contexts. Society now demands that the regulator look beyond safety and risk management and address overriding issues of ethics and economics.


Stock price prediction has been an important research theme both academically and practically. Various methods to predict stock prices have been studied until now. The feature that explains the stock price by a cross-section analysis is called a "factor" in the field of finance. Many empirical studies in finance have identified which stocks having features in the cross-section relatively increase and which decrease in terms of price. Recently, stock price prediction methods using machine learning, especially deep learning, have been proposed since the relationship between these factors and stock prices is complex and non-linear. However, there are no practical examples for actual investment management. In this paper, therefore, we present a cross-sectional daily stock price prediction framework using deep learning for actual investment management. For example, we build a portfolio with information available at the time of market closing and invest at the time of market opening the next day. We perform empirical analysis in the Japanese stock market and confirm the profitability of our framework.


The Problem In recent years, as India started to emerge as the IT (information technology) super power and the supplier for human capital trained in IT to the Western world, a plethora of talent management and development issues have started coming to the surface. Given the vastness of India's young and diverse human resources, the concerns center less around availability of talent and more around managing and developing the available talent to suit local needs. Furthermore, concerns are raised over excessive reliance on Western models of TD/TM (talent development/talent management) in Indian organizations and their implementation without significant adaptation to local cultural and institutional conditions. The Solution This study explores TD/TM strategies in three different business organizations using the case study method. The three organizations are a multinational corporation headquartered in India, a foreign multinational organization with subsidiaries in India, and a smaller local business organization. The article discusses (a) the commonalities and differences in the TD/TM strategies followed by three different types of organizations, (b) the use of home-grown strategies and strategies borrowed from the West, (c) the trends and challenges of TM/TD practices facing the IT industry. The Stakeholders Chief learning officers, directors of human resources, HRD scholars


Objective:To observe the effect of Zhongzhen Liuxue combined with plum needle and cupping when treating postherpetic neuralgia patients.Methods:65 patients were randomized divided into Treatment Group and Control Group,the Treatment Group was treated with Zhongzhen Liuxue combined with plum needle and cupping,the Control Group was treated with Indomethacin.The Visual Analogue Scales and the MOS 36-item Short-form Health Survey were evaluated before and after the treatment,respectively.Results:The total therapeutic effective rate of Treatment Group is 90.91%,the total therapeutic effective rate of Control Group is 65.63%,there were significant differences between the Treatment Group and the Control Group on the total therapeutic effective rat,VAS,and the MOS 36-item Short-form Health Survey,respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:The therapeutic method of Zhongzhen Liuxue combined with plum needle and cupping can relieve the symptoms of Postherpetic Neuralgia and its effect is definite.


Conditions for applying a simplified single-speed and one-temperature (one-liquid) mathematical model, which makes it possible to determine the mean mass speeds and temperatures of the heterogeneous mixture, to calculate the two-phase turbulent non-isothermal jet were defined. Numerical modeling with use of the developed multi-liquid mathematical model of the two-phase jet, in which the speed and temperature of particles differ from the speed and temperature of the gas phase, was carried out. The problem under consideration is extremely important, because two-phase jet parameters are needed to solve numerous applied tasks in va-rious technical areas. These parameters can be accurately determined with the help of simple mathematical models. Based on the resulting calculations carried out with the developed multi-liquid mathematical model of the two-phase turbulent jet, criterial dependences for as-sessing the maximum error of the calculation of two-phase jet flow parameters while using the one-liquid model were obtained.


This article relates several recent developments in forest practice regulation in the West and the South to the comprehensive and fragmented policy models described above. We examine the continuing evolution of state and local roles in California, Oregon, and Georgia to illustrate alternative configurations of regulatory authority. We also look at how Florida and Washington have responded to growing public concerns related to water quality.


Increasing demand of conventional source of fuel makes people more conscious about fuel consumption. To make up the crisis of fuel, they start to search alternative source of fuel so that those source can substitute the present energy demand by some percentage. From this prospect in this study, we were carried out an experiment using some operating variables to determine the potential of Swietenia macrophylla for bio-oil production and the eventual making of liquid biodiesel products. The biodiesel was produced via trans-esterification process using methanol and catalyst as Sodium hydroxide. After characterization of the seed, extracted oil and produced biodiesel, the result shows that the seed has a moisture content of 12 mg/kg, about 47.55% by weight of seed was converted bio-oil, where biodiesel yield is 72% having a density of 0.885gm/cm and the FT-IR analysis assure that the presence of alkanes, esters, aromatics, hydroxyl, and carbonyl in the biodiesel. Calorific analysis revealed that biodiesel has high heating value of 40.45 MJ/Kg. This investigation demonstrates that the seed from S. macrophylla are useable biomass in case of the production of biodiesel to meet the required energy demand.


To search for phase lags in the optical-infrared light curves of asymptotic giant branch stars, we have compared infrared data from the COBE DIRBE satellite with optical light curves from the AAVSO and other sources. We found 17 examples of phase lags between the times of infrared and optical maximum, and 4 stars with no observed lags. There is a clear difference between the Mira variables and the semiregular variables in the sample, with the maximum in the optical preceding that in the near-infrared in the Miras, while in most of the semiregular variables no lags are observed. Comparison to published theoretical models indicates that the phase lags in the Miras are due to strong titanium oxide absorption in the visual at stellar maximum, and suggests that Miras pulsate in the fundamental mode, while at least some semiregular variables are first-overtone pulsators. There is a clear optical–near-infrared phase lag in the carbon-rich Mira V CrB; this is likely due to C2 and CN absorption variations in the optical.


Peru's experience with sovereign debt during the guano boom is one of the most remarkable in the nineteenth century. Despite the country's ongoing political instability and poor capital market reputation, the price of Peruvian bonds soared shortly after settlement in 1849, and the country enjoyed relatively low credit risk until the 1870s. This article discusses the incentives Peru and its creditors faced, and explains how Peru's extraordinary performance in financial markets was founded on its credible commitment to service its debt with the guano proceeds.


Bring home now the book enPDFd the life of james williams better known as professor jim for half a century janitor of trinity college to be your sources when going to read. It can be your new collection to not only display in your racks but also be the one that can help you fining the best sources. As in common, book is the window to get in the world and you can open the world easily. These wise words are really familiar with you, isn't it?


A retrospective early test of Picea abies (L.) Karst. was conducted under two temperature ("high" and "low") and two irrigation ("well-watered" and "drought") regimes. Height, dry mass, and phenolo...


The research objectives were to analyze: 1) the influence of role eustress, emotional intelligence, and family social support on the psychological well-being of mompreneur; 2) the moderating effect of emotional intelligence and family social support on the influence of entrepreneurial eustress on the psychological well-being of mompreneur; by taking studies on married women entrepreneurs in the category of Micro and Small Enterprises (UMK) in Taman Kota Madiun Village. The sampling technique was judgment sampling. The data collection procedure was through distributing questionnaires directly to the respondents to 60 mompreneur with 50 questionnaires returned and only 45 completed questionnaires. Data analysis used moderated regression analysis, processed with the IBM SPSS version 22 program. The results of data analysis showed: 1) Eustress has a significant positive effect on the psychological well-being of mompreneur; 2) Emotional intelligence has a significant positive effect on the psychological well-being of mompreneur; 3) Family social support has a significant positive effect on the psychological well-being of mompreneur; 4) There is no moderating effect of emotional intelligence and family social support on the effect of entrepreneurial eustress on the psychological well-being of mompreneur


The incoming chief executive of the UK Atomic Energy Authority, Professor Ian Chapman, outlines his vision for a future energy supply based on the clean and virtually inexhaustible nuclear fusion principle currently under research at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy.


Food with inputs from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has met considerable skepticism among European Union (EU) consumers. The EU import ban on GM food has triggered a great deal of controversy and has been replaced by a mandatory labeling scheme. This study had two foci. First, we examined how different policies for the production and use of GMOs might influence the market outcome in consumer food markets. Second, we evaluated the welfare effects of the policy measures. We found that mandatory labeling often increases domestic welfare and, moreover, that in most cases it increases global welfare. On the other hand, a trade ban is more likely to decrease global welfare.


Background: Standardized patients (SPs) can be used to conduct blinded assessment of quality of care. However, variability in patient performance may influence quality of care scores and undermine the value of this technique. Purpose: This study was carried out to determine if accuracy of SP portrayal and recording was associated with physician performance in blinded quality of care assessment. Methods: Double blind videotapes from 53 SP visits were scored and accuracy of SP portrayal and recording was correlated with visit quality of care scores. Results: SPs accurately presented the case content (96.45%) but were less accurate in recording physician actions (k = .71). Accuracy of recording had a significant negative impact on overall quality of care scores (r = .38), on scores for medical history (r = .55), and patient education (r = .36). Conclusions: Quality of care scores were not influenced by inacccuracies in presentation, but physician performance measures that are based on SP reports will be posi...


Single spacecraft observations of ULF waves can only give limited information on the properties of these waves. One can determine e.g., polarization and use minimum variance analysis to obtain an indication of the propagation direction. To obtain more and more accurate information, it is necessary to use multi-spacecraft data. With the arrival of the Cluster quartet and future multi-spacecraft missions like THEMIS and MMS, there is the possibility to obtain time series at different locations, which can be used to distinguish between spatial and temporal behaviour of the particles and fields. The first part of this paper is a tutorial-review of the techniques that can be used for multi-spacecraft magnetic field data analysis and the second part gives an overview of multi-spacecraft observations of ULF waves in the Earth's magnetosphere, with an emphasis on the recent work by young scientists in the field.


The Comment affirms that no phase transition occurs in spin-glass systems with an applied magnetic field. However, only according to the droplet model is this result expected. Other models do not predict this result and, consequently, it is under current discussion. In addition, we show how the experimental results obtained in our system correspond to a cluster glass rather than to a true spin glass.


The ontogeny of human gonadotropin secretion is remarkable for surges in pulsatile secretion during the neonatal period and in early childhood, followed by a period of quiescence (the so-called juv...


Objective:To determine the protective effects of Naomaitong injection on focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.The effect of Naomaitong injection on behaviors,cerebral water content,infarct volume,biochemical and pathologic changes in the brain were evaluated.Results: Naomaitong injection improved behavior deficits,and decreased cerebral water content and infarction volume.It also increased ATPase and SOD activities,decreased MDA content,and improve the pathological changes in ischemic brain.Conclusion: Naomaitong injection has the protective effect on cerebral ischemia in rats.


The construction and optimization of multi-cathode cells in combination with three-dimensional cathodes on the pilot and prototype scales are discussed.


Correspondence: Elizabeth Piselli, DPM; email@example.com. Abstract Women's lacrosse is a relatively young sport in the United States. The goal of this study was to determine which lower extremity injuries are prevalent in the game of lacrosse so that better training programs and protective equipment can be applied. Women's lacrosse is nearly an entirely different game than men's lacrosse and is expected to have unique injury patterns that have yet to be investigated. The authors polled 200 female lacrosse players of the Long Island Elite Lacrosse Club. Of those, 76 returned the survey with proper consent. Of the 76, only 14 reported never having an injury. A majority of the athletes that reported one or more injuries either self-treated or solely saw the team trainer without a doctor follow-up. While there are limitations to the study, it is clear community outreach is needed to guide players to seek treatment when injured.


Background: A cluster trial with unequal cluster sizes often has lower precision than one with equal clusters, with a corresponding inflation of the design effect. For parallel group trials, adjustments to the design effect are available under sampling models with a single intracluster correlation. Design effects for equal clusters under more complex scenarios have appeared recently (including stepped wedge trials under cross‐sectional or longitudinal sampling). We investigate the impact of unequal cluster size in these more general settings.


Food safety issues are becoming more important in international trade (WHO l998). In food production, where the safety of the produced food has the ultimate priority in the framework of quality, the HACCP system is the internationally recognized system to help assure safe food production (Blaha 1999). HACCP's preventive focus is seen as more cost-effective than testing a product and then destroying or reworking it (ICMSF 1988). The HACCP system has been used by private firms since the 1960s, but during the 1990s, the public sector adapted the concept for food safety regulation and has been mandated by govemment regulation for some part of the food system in the EU, US and many other countries (Unnevehr and Jensen 1999). Martin and Anderson (2000) noticed the growing adoption of management practices in the food industry that focus on prevention and control of food safety hazards. The concept and principles regarding HACCP have been presented by Sperber (199la), Bryan (1992) and NACMCF (1992). Several workers have outlined the role of farm to table


As in all scientific pursuits, in clinical medicine one invariably becomes tenaciously attached to the study of some entity yet unconquered. After many years physicians are still searching for a specific treatment for one of the most dreadful diseases in the abdomen, chronic ulcerative colitis. In this writing an attempt is made to outline and correlate the experiences I have had with 912 cases. The essential diagnostic features that may influence the decision as to the type of management to institute are (1) the clinical history, (2) the pathologic conditions seen on proctoscopy and (3) the roentgenologic description of the extent of the disease and the degree of anatomic changes produced (table 1). The important details related in any clinical history of an abdominal ailment have been well written up many times and need not be repeated. 1 Expert understanding and evaluation of the extent of the lesion of the


The stereotype of cows' machine milking and this process efficiency largely depend on the static and dynamic stability of the vacuum mode in the vacuum line of milking plants. Value destabilization of the underside vacuum, pulsation frequency and the stroke ratio, the nature of the effect of the nipple rubber on the nipple of the udder due to fluctuations of the main vacuum lead to a decrease in the rate of milking, a decrease in the productivity of animals, the disease of animals mastitis and other negative consequences. Analysis of the air flow dynamics by the vacuum system and the vacuum regulator makes it possible to predict the operation of the milking unit in a malfunctioning state and take timely measures to exclude such operating modes. The research range was controlled by the coefficient of dynamic stability of rarefaction at an unfavorable point (the ratio of the length of the curve of the actual change in rarefaction to the projection of this curve on the time axis). The group of simultaneously operating milking units was evaluated by the ripple frequency stability coefficient. Sensitivity of various controlled parameters (air flow rate by the system, air flow rate by the vacuum regulator, sum and difference of these flows, mathematical expectations and dispersion of these parameters) to main failures of the vacuum system is established (vacuum system depressurization, pipeline clogging, technology compliance by cow milking operators, milking apparatus performance, vacuum pump capacity, etc.). The possibility of preliminary formation of control action to exclude operation of the vacuum system with vacuum mode disorders is shown.


-It is now simple to use Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) anyplace due to the rapid developments and variety of GNSS satellite techniques. Several satellite systems, including GPS, GLONASS, BIUDO, and GALILEO, are widely available and used. The Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (DGNSS) is being utilized for many different applications, particularly those involving surveying and mapping. For establishing control points (Cps) in the open sky with moderate accuracy, it may be helpful to compare the usage of post-processing methods including static and kinematic also real-time kinematic (RTK) for position accuracy to differentiate their accuracies. The comparison depends on using the constellation of GPS only and GPS + GLONASS. For this purpose, fieldwork employing the three approaches with the two constellations (GPS and GLONASS) was done on five test points. The selected points were in the open sky, and the raw data was collected on tripods in the three methods. Leica 8.4 Geo Office software was used for the raw data processing after the five Cps were observed using a Leica Viva GS15 dual frequency receiver which supports GPS and GLONASS signals. The 3D position accuracy of the Cps was obtained by the three approaches using signals from GPS + GLONASS and GPS only. The advantages and disadvantages of using each approach were discussed.


Cemented soil mixing method is usually applied in reinforcement of soft foundation in Tianjin. A series of laboratory tests is carried out, and the basic mechanical parameters of cemented soil are measured. Laboratory test results of cemented soil mixing proportion of a project are introduced. Main factors influencing cemented soil strength have been analyzed by a series of contrast experiments with different cement ratio, different age, and different layers. Through the test, it can be found that the unconfined compressive strength of cemented soil is increased with the increased age and amount of cement, the correlations between them is better, the latter strength of the cemented soil can be forecasted through the earlier strength. Model of nonlinear stress-strain relationship of cemented soils is proved to be suitable and can be applied in further study of composite foundation stabilized by cement.


A numerical solution of the two-dimensional (2-D) linearized incompressible fluid equations has been used to study the response of a cylindrical pure electron plasma to an externally applied pulse. The plasma response to the pulse exhibits a nondissipative decay process. This decay is due to differential rotation of the plasma at different radii and is clearly shown by computer-generated displays of the perturbed density.


We provide a formalization of the mergesort algorithm as used in GHC's Data.List module, proving correctness and stability. Furthermore, experimental data suggests that generated (Haskell-)code for this algorithm is much faster than for previous algorithms available in the Isabelle distribution. theory Efficient-Sort imports ∼∼/src/HOL/Library/Multiset begin A high-level overview of this formalization as well as some experimental data is to be found in [1]. 1 Chaining Lists by Predicates Make sure that some binary predicate P is satisfied between every two consecutive elements of a list. We call such a list a chain in the following. inductive linked :: ( ′a ⇒ ′a ⇒ bool) ⇒ ′a list ⇒ bool for P :: ′a ⇒ ′a ⇒ bool where Nil [iff ]: linked P [] | singleton[iff ]: linked P [x ] | many : P x y =⇒ linked P (y#ys) =⇒ linked P (x#y#ys) declare eqTrueI [OF Nil , code] eqTrueI [OF singleton, code] lemma linked-many-eq [simp, code]: linked P (x#y#zs) ←→ P x y ∧ linked P (y#zs) by (blast intro: linked .many elim: linked .cases) Take the longest prefix of a list that forms a chain. fun take-chain :: ′a ⇒ ( ′a ⇒ ′a ⇒ bool) ⇒ ′a list ⇒ ′a list where


Computer graphics are indispensable elements in software application to simulate industrial processes, such as chemical reactions, product manufacturing and logistics systems. This article shares how geometric transformations are used to teach kinematics of industrial robots in an Integrated Manufacturing Systems course of the Mechatronics Engineering curricula. The novelty consist of using rigid body concepts together with graphics computer elements to develop a 2-dimensional simulator of an industrial robot with an anthropomorphic configuration of two degrees of freedom, putting into practice their acquired knowledge about geometric transformations. To know the students' perception about the use of this implementation, two surveys were applied: 1) to a group without using the new teaching system, and 2) to a group using the new teaching system.


Long-term observation of meteorological elements has been carried out in Taklimakan Desert in Xin-jiang, China, since 1991 to investigate the desertification processes of arid lands. For this purpose, an automatic weather station was installed over gobi desert at the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert. Observed data for about one year were analyzed and compared with the data over grass on the outskirts of the oasis. The monthly mean of soil surface temperature is higher than that of air temperature in every month. This means that the monthly mean sensible heat flux is upward all the year round. Daytime increase of specific humidity is evident in the summer season and is probably caused by the water vapor advection from the relatively wet oasis area located upwind. Two prevailing wind directions were found : a strong (≥7.0 ms −1 ) westerly wind from April to June, and a southsoutheasterly wind during nighttime. The southsoutheasterly wind is accompanied by the diurnal clockwise wind course which is found throughout the year. Diurnal variations of wind direction at gobi and grass within oasis, 11 km away from gobi, show same characteristics. An identical wind course can be recognized in the vertical profile at Hotan, 100 km west of the gobi site, from the surface to 160 m in height. It is strongly suggested that this diurnal wind course is induced by the local circulation between Kunlun Mountains and the desert area.


C++ is a multi-paradigm language. The two main paradigms in C++ are object-oriented programming and generic programming. Many real-world C++ software projects use these two paradigms side by side. This creates considerable tension due to the fact that object-oriented programming is largely based on the judicious choice of types and hierarchies, while generic programming tends to cause an abundance of unrelated types. We show how type erasure can reconcile these conflicting tendencies. We present iterator type erasure as a concrete example that we have implemented and that is being used in production code at Zephyr Associates, Inc..


Shifts in the media landscape and user behavior mean that changes are made rapidly today. Taking a proactive stance on changes, new solutions and service design is therefore central to libraries of the 21st century. The development pushes the need for sharing knowledge about change management in The Author(s) Address correspondence to Christina Wandi, Program Manager, Copenhagen Libraries, Krystalgade 15, København, 1172, Denmark. E-mail: email@example.com Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at http://www.tandfonline.com/wjla. 915 Journal of Library Administration, 59: 915–926, 2019 Published with license by Taylor & Francis ISSN: 0193-0826 print / 1540-3564 online DOI: 10.1080/01930826.2019.1661746 libraries. This article details the experiences of the library system of Copenhagen, Denmark as a case study for change and change management. How did the libraries effect change? What was the process for determining the necessary changes and implementing them? This article distills the experiences of Copenhagen Libraries into seven recommendations for all practitioners of change management in public libraries.


ABSTRACT Sudden death due to COVID-19, will have an impact on the family and causes grief, devastating and traumatic. To prevent the Coronavirus high transmission rate during pandemic has provided a new perspective on dying and rituals worldwide and needs reform. Funeral practices that should give comfort and support were not possible, which can increase feelings of isolation, loss, and despair on family. This study aims to find out what information already exists in the bereaved family grieving process related to the funeral ceremony policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used literature review from 21 articles from four electronic databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, EBSCOhost, and Scopus, and added the search from other references as grey literature. The literature was reviewed chronologically to demonstrate how grieving process went through by bereaved family related to the funeral policy during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the selected literature review and equipped with grey literature, shows how family involvement in each funeral's stage of the deceased: planning, within and post ceremony, having a relationship and impact on the priesthood and success of the grieving process on the family left by Covid-19. We underline that it is essential to be present in the burial process, starting from involvement in planning, attending, and believing the funeral process and after it is necessary to note. Future research is still needed to review more literature with a mix-method study. Thus, it can equally review both studies to balance and mutually supportive Keywords: Bereaved Family, COVID-19, Funeral Ceremony, Grieving Process, Literature Review


GYNBCOLOGICAL surgeons, so far as the operation of hysterectomy is concerned, are divided into two classes-those who prefer and usually perform supra-vaginal hysterectomy and those who are convinced, because of the risk of carcinoma developing in the cervix at a later date, that panhysterectomy should always be performed when the uterus has to be removed. The difference between the two groups is not so great as at first appears, for the gynaecologist who performs the supra-vaginal operation and makes it the operation of choice, nevertheless performs the complete operation when the uterus has a badlylacerated or diseased cervix, the frequent precursor of malignant disease. In a consecutive series of 296 hysterectomies I find 67 (or 22.7 per cent.) were panhysterectomies-a much higher percentage than I expected until I looked up the figures. By training, tradition and experience I have always preferred the supra-vaginal hysterectomy, and until recently have never seen a case in which malignant disease of the cervix has followed the operation nor, so far as I am aware, have any of my colleagues. Unfortunately, however, I have recently had three cases in a period of 18 months, and it is the occurrence of these which has made me very seriously reconsider my position.


: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a medical science and cultural heritage empirically applied and reserved by Chinese people for thousands of years. The fact that TCM has been used in China for thousands of years shows the value and reason why it must exist. Although TCM has been or is being questioned, there is no doubt about its importance in terms of efficacy. The education of "Western medicine practitioners learning Chinese medicine" is a mode of continuing medical education with Chinese characteristics, and it is one of the historically proven and effective ways to cultivate talents in the integration of Chinese and Western medicines, which has a great role to play in promoting the development of the cause of Chinese medicine and the discipline of integration of Chinese and Western medicines in China. The purpose is to let the western medicine doctors also have a certain ability to serve Chinese medicine. In this paper, through the questionnaire survey on the second-level public hospitals in Changchun, we have made a preliminary analysis of the current situation of the training activities of "Western doctors learning Chinese medicine", understood the difficulties faced by the current training activities, and thought about how to solve these difficulties. Only if the education of "Western doctors learning Chinese medicine" is more standardized, practical and professionalized can we train more medical talents with the highest level of sincerity and expertise in learning Chinese and Western medicine for the country.


Raw water is water used for daily activities, which the quality has satisfied the health requirements and are consumable quality after being cooked (Permenkes No. 416 / Menkes / Per / IX / 1990). E. coli belong to a group of bacteria that are used as indicator of faecal contamination and cause human health problems like diarrhea. The purpose of this research is to determine factors that influence the amount of E. coli in the dug well. This research was conducted in West Sidomulyo village, Pekanbaru on April until October 2016. A quantitative research approach was used and cross sectional design study, by collecting 30 samples and using saturated sampling. Data that has been used in this research is primary data, which used three different survey mediums interviews, observation, and measurement of MPN raw water. The analysis of statistical test used chi-square with a significant level 5%. The results from this research from 30 respondents is 16 samples (53.3%) has groundwater indicated the presence of E. coli. Factors that has statistical significance on the number of E. coli is the distance of septictank with dug well (p value 0.003) and the physical condition of the dug well (p value 0.014). Another factors that statistically not associated with is the distance between the toilet with dug well (p value 1.000) and water-resistant depth (p value 1.000). Recomendations from this study are communities could do some water restoration by improving the lips and floor of raw water sources to water resistant. Community Health Centre of Sidomulyo required taking regular measurements of E. coli and providing counselling to the community about the septictank qualified. Nevertheless, the next researcher need to conduct research by including variables permeability and soil porosity.


The energy barrier of magnetization reversal for the system comprised of four identical interacting single domain magnetic particles is investigated.Through the numerical calculation,we obtain the magnetization vector corresponding to the saddle-point energy,and then calculate the energy barrier of the magnetization vector reversing from the initial state to the targeted state.We find that the energy barrier depends on the interaction constant of magnetic particles and the external magnetic field.It is interesting to find that when the interaction increases to a particular value,an abrupt change in the energy barrier is observed,indicating the change in the reversal mode of the system.


Expenditure of MILK is influenced by the stress factor to the disruption of the peace and mind of the mother, inhibiting the secretion of oxytocin and prolactin. Thus, early feeding is constrained due to production and less BREAST ejection on the first day of childbirth. Research conducted in BPM Amanah for 6 weeks. The research aims to determine the difference in combination massage and massage oxytocin with an oxytocin massage to the postpartum mother in BPM Amanah. Pre-Experimental Research type with One-Shot Case Study design. The sample number of 48 people, taken with the consecutive sampling technique and divided into 24 respondents per group. The intervention was carried out after 2 hours of postpartum and observed the time of the first expenditure of MILK after the intervention, then the data was analyzed univariate and bivariate using the Mann Whitney test. The results of the study acquired the time of the combination of breast milk and massage oxytocin that is < 6 hours and 18 respondents, 6-24 hours as many as 5 respondents and > 24 hours as many as 1 respondent and the time of production of breast milk massage oxytocin that is < 6 hours as much as 13 respondents, 6-24 hours as much as 9 respondents and > 24 Statistical test results are obtained at the time of breast milk withdrawal given the combination of massage and massage Okcitosin 3.35 jam and massage oxytocin 6.87 hours. Mann Whitney test Results obtained ρ-value 0.026. In conclusion, there is a time difference in the expenditure of breast milk given the combination of massage and massage oxytocin with massage oxytocin after IV childbirth. Based on the results of research suggested for midwives in BPM Amanah for the need to be socialized to the mother postpartum and the application of a combination massage and massage oxytocin.


This study aims to compare medical students' educational outcomes in performing knee arthrocentesis through searching and using YouTube videos versus traditional supervisor‐led sessions.


The historian cannot use his facts until he has proved his sources. To do this, he uses source criticism, or, as it has been most unfortunately called in its application to the biblical writings, the "Higher Criticism." In most fields of history, it is rarely necessary to go behind the printed sources, and, when we must do so, the philological criticism demanded is of the simplest. But, as need hardly be pointed out, the situation as regards the early Hebrew writings is very different. Our Hebrew manuscripts are, without exception, very late, though it is true that their text can be traced back some centuries earlier. When, however, we come to compare this text with that furnished by the various versions, and particularly with those made into or from the Greek, we soon discover that the texts they used differed widely, that with the aid of these various translations or revisions we are able to trace the growth of the text, and that the various stages show us, almost without exception,. progressive additions to an original text. Here and there we do find additions which had been made to the original from which the Septuagint was translated, after it had parted company with the original of the present Hebrew text, but these additions are rarely of importance, and, after we have cut them out, we have, not indeed the original, but at least a text which represents the earliest form which can be


Premalignant lesions of mucosae urinary bladder are flat, noninvasive lesions of urothelium such as atypical hyperplasia/dysplasia and nonpapillary carcinoma in situ (CIS). The aim of this study was to identify association between premalignant lesions and subsequent invasive carcinoma. The study includes 60 patients with diagnosed noninvasive superficial and invasive bladder tumors. Our examination suggested that atypical hyperplasia/dysplasia and in situ carcinoma were more frequent in the higher grade and pathologic staging. In our material we had three patients with this concomitant lesions. Essential events in evaluation bladder urothelial carcinoma is grading, pathological staging and identification of premalignant lesions of mucosae urinary bladder. The authors suggest that the identification of patients with urothelial CIS and atypical hyperplasia/dysplasia is a particularly important event, representing the locus minoris resistentiae for the development of invasive bladder cancer.


Effects of different periods of weed control in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) were studied in Veysian region of Lorestan province in 2004. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications and 10 treatments of hand weeding in two series included weed free and weed infested plot up to 14, 28, 42 and 56 days after transplanting, plus weed free and weed infested control. Based on 5 and 10% acceptable yield loses, the critical periods were between 11 to 40 and 14 to 30 days after transplantation, respectively. Weed competition before and/or after these critical periods had negligible effects on grain yield of rice. This period, based on growing degree days (GDD) was 198-768 GDD for 5% acceptable yield loss. Increasing periods of weed interference in the early stage of the crop resulted in a steady decline in grain yield. Yield losses equivalent to 47 kg/ha of grain resulted for each day that weed control was delayed between 14 and 28 days after transplanting.


Capacity building in the application of the CRC as a normative and legal framework. The expectation of this component is that a 'rights based perspective' should be integrated into national legislation. Those of us who work in primary care mental health have a central role in ensuring that we lobby our governments and support our local and international Nongovernment Organisations (NGO's) to advocate that the areas in which we practice have laws and policies that are in keeping with the CRC. We should make it a point of duty to support our colleagues who are still struggling and have no mental health laws and policies and no Children's Act. Wonca (World Organization of Family Doctors) can play it's part in this by bringing together experts in the field from all it's regions to benchmark countries against the UN standard and share good practice and provide support where it is needed.


ABSTRACT In recent years, developing rapid, simple, and effective new methods to monitor food safety is standing out enough to be noticed. Electrospinning is an easy, versatile, and low-cost technique to fabricate multifunctional micro-and nanomaterials. The combination of electrospinning and biosensors is one of the most promising strategies and is expected to replace traditional detection materials. This paper reviews the research progress of electrospinning in food detection, including electrospinning materials generally used in the food field with their benefits of high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, tunable porosity, easy functionalization, easy handling, mechanical stability, such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers or the mixture of both. Besides, we also emphatically introduced the application of their intrinsic characteristics combined with biosensing platforms and list the sensitivity and detection limit of various methods and materials in detection, as well as their application potential, and the challenges faced by the on-site detection and the large-scale commercial applications in the food industry as future exploration headings, giving new thinking of nanomaterial applications for food safety detection.


To determine in the event data fields for pattern discovery. Event data base to determine the field of statistics and repeat. And a base field based on the set of fields selected repetitiveness. These fields include in the pattern discovery profile.


What exactly might "patient-centered" law or ethics mean? Let's start by reflecting on what it might mean for any body of law or kind of ethics to be centered on something, or anything, and why that might matter. The focal point of law or ethics will influence: (1) which questions are considered important; (2) how they are addressed; and (3) what values are paramount—in other words, the scope, the methods, and the substance of the field. So, this seems like something we should certainly try to get right. And, the focal point of health law is especially problematic because law is decided by judges who face concrete cases, and is practiced by lawyers who serve clients with particular interests. Therefore, law tends to focus on the problems and concerns of the people or institutions with money to hire lawyers and to pursue litigation (or to influence legislators and regulators).


The approaches to the construction of the systems of laser remote measurement of dynamic displacements and critical points of mechanisms are viewed.


The development of the forms of the leaf, shoot and blossom in the annual sequence of growth and flowering of the common native species of Ranunculaceae is discussed. The annual sequence of the leaf and shoot forms reproduces the essential developmental stages of the ontogeny of the dicotyledonous flowering plants. Furthermore, important progressions in the phylogenetic evolution of the dicotyledonous flowering plants are reflected in the sequence of flower forms. Whereas in the leaf sequence the tendency is to juvenilisation (retention), in the flower sequence it is primarily to specialisation and differentiation (anagenesis). Plant phenology – the study of seasonal phenomena in the plant kingdom The annually recurring rhythmical changes in appearance of individual plants and the vegetation as a whole are familiar to people in many climatic and vegetation zones of the earth in a way hardly equalled by any other natural event. Sowing and harvesting, seasonal festivals and many customs are founded in this phenomenon. The appearance of the first flowering snowdrop, the cowslip and cherry blossom touches our feelings, each in its own particular way (see also the descriptions in Kranich 1993). Consideration of the flowering and growing times of individual medicinal plants during the course of the year also plays a role in the medicine and agriculture inspired by anthroposophy. This is based in particular on remarks by Rudolf Steiner on the 'contra-tendency' in the growth process of mistletoe compared with the 'normal' course of the year (Steiner 1920) and on the varying effectiveness of plants which flower or are harvested early in the year, or in mid-summer or autumn (Steiner 1924). Systematic investigations into the seasonal development patterns of individual plant species according to their germination and flowering times during the year were carried out in previous decades (between 1969 and 1985) especially by Bockemühl and colleagues using container experiments (see e.g. Bockemühl 1973), later also by Heyden (1987). Longer-term comparative systematic seasonal observations of flowering plants growing in the wild were initiated in Europe by the brilliant biologist Carl Linnaeus (1707– 1778) who, as long ago as the mid 18 th century, created the first phenological observer network in Sweden with at least 18 recording stations. This, however, only lasted a few years in the first instance. It was followed in 1780 by the first international observer network, created by the Palatinate Meteorological Society ( Die Pfälzer meteorologische Gesellschaft ) in Mannheim (see also Nietzold 1993, p. 50). Since then observer services have been established in most European countries and numerous non-European ones as aids for agricultural meteorology. Because of this role, their observation lists comprise predominantly agricultural crop plants. Following on from plant sociology, the development of botanical symphenology has 60 Fukarek, F. et al. (1992) Urania Pflanzenreich. Bd. Moose, Farne, Nacktsamer . Leipzig. Göbel, T. (1994) Erdengeist und Landschaftsseele. Persephone 6/Arbeitsberichte der Med. Sektion , Dornach. Grohmann, G. (1989) The Plant. A Guide to Understanding its Nature. Vol. 1 , Biodynamic Farming and Gardening Association, Kimberton. Hegi, G. (1981) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa . Vol. 1, Part 2, Berlin. Mohl, H. (1871) Bot. Zeitung, cited from Stenzel (1876). Rispens, J. A. (1991) Die Zweihäusigkeit bei der Blütenpflanze. Elemente der Naturwissenschaft 55, 1–20. Rispens, J. A. (2006) The conifer type – steps in the development of an imaginative understanding of trees. Archetype 12, 19–43. Schad, W. (1982) Zur Biologie der Gestalt der mitteleuropäischen Buchenverwandten und ahornnartigen Bäume. In: Schad, W. (ed.) Goetheanistische Naturwissenschaft Vol. 2, Botanik . Dornach. Sommer, M. & Soldner, G. (2000) Die Mistel und ihre Wirtsbäume. Differenzierung zur Optimierung der Therapie. Merkurstab No. l, 53 year. Steiner, R. (1907) Menschheitsentwicklung und Christuserkenntnis . Lecture on 26.6.1907, GA100. Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach. Steiner, R. (1923) Mensch und Welt. Das Wirken des Geistes in der Natur. Lecture on 31.10.1923, GA 351. Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach. Stenzel, G. (1876) Beobachtungen an durchwachsenen Fichtenzapfen. Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie der Nadelhölzer. Nova Acta 38, No. 3. Strasburger, F. (1872) Die Coniferen und Gnetaceen, eine morphologische Studie . Jena. Strasburger, F. (1991) Lehrbuch der Botanik . New York.


A computer language Java is a possible solution for the standardization of accelerator software to improve software productivity and realize common user interface. In this paper, JPP: a particle tracking code written in Java is presented as an example of Java application for accelerators. We discuss the advantage and disadvantage of developing scientific software with Java and investigate the performance of Java code in comparison with C code.


This work presents a proposal to diagnose business processes that form a global process using a choreography analysis. The diagnosis is based on distributed diagnosis since the business process is formed by a process orchestrations modelled by a set of activities. These business processes have two different types of activities, with internal and external interaction. In this paper the knowledge of the whole business process is divided in different processes. In means that each user has a local point of view of the information of the organization, it also happens in distributed system, where neither agent has global information of how the system is modelled. This work propose a methodology to diagnose the business processes, analyzing only the interactions between the activities of different processes. In order to perform the fault detection for business processes, an algorithm has been defined based on distributed diagnosis. Also some definitions about model-based diagnosis have been redefined to be adapted to business processes diagnosis.


In the present study effect of lead intoxication on serum biochemical of broiler chicken has been done. The birds were divided into six groups viz. A, B, C, D, E and F. Group-A served as control whereas group-B received lead acetate @ 200 mg/kg basal diet for 42 days simultaneously Ascorbic acid @ 200 mg/kg basal diet, Vitamin-E @ 100/mg/kg and Se @ 0.1 mg/kg basal diet, DL-methionine @ 100 mg/ kg and methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQE) @ 400 mg/kg basal diet were given to group B, C, D, E and F respectively. The biochemical profile of treated with various levels of antioxidants on day 21 and 42 were reported total protein (6.05±0.47 to 6.85±0.39 and3.83±0.09 to 4.60±0.29 ), albumin (2.77±0.09 to 3.77±0.24 and 2.25±0.09 to 2.95±0.16 ), albumin: globulin ratio (0.74±0.04 to 1.89±0.49 and1.08±0.13 to 2.06±0.25 ), Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (1.26±0.16 to 2.62±0.13 and 0.96±0.16 to1.72±0.19 ), Serum glutamic pyruate transaminase (14.07±1.08 to 17.28±0.90 and 8.88±0.25 to14.87±0.49 ), blood urea nitrogen (6.07±0.75 to 11.22±0.45 and 2.98±0.21 to 4.60±0.17), creatinine (0.64±0.05 to 1.50±0.09 and 1.56±0.19 to 2.20±0.15 ) and alkaline phosphatase (3.41±0.25 to 4.40±0.32 and 2.50±0.57 to 4.00±0.78 ). All biochemicals parameters in lead treated group were significantly different (P


INTRODUCTION The HR literature has been abundant in providing typologies of the roles of HR professionals in organisations. These typologies have focused primarily on the strategic involvement of HR departments, the management of change and organisational culture, the relationship between employer and employee, and transactional personnel administration (see, for example: Caldwell, 2003; Guest, 1990; Legge, 1978; Monks, 1992; Paauwe, 2004; Storey, 1992; Tyson & Fell, 1986; Ulrich, 1997). More recently we have also seen increased attention paid to HR roles in the more knowledge based economy, identifying the importance of context in the interpretation of role typologies (see, for example: Lengnick-Hall & Lengnick-Hall, 2003). The different roles chart the progression of the HR profession over time. In this paper we focus on the question: what roles can be identified for the current day HR department in the context of increasing globalisation of the corporate domain? Very often the boundaries of organisations are not limited anymore to the domestic setting. Crossing borders has become normal, which gives rise to the issue of HRM in multinational settings and how the HR function and related roles manifest themselves at the various plant, country, regional and corporate levels. How issues of coordination, shared learning (both top-down and bottom-up) and standardisation versus leeway for adapting to the local context (customization) become critical in this context. As a result of this international environment, a number of new roles of HR departments operating in multinational corporations are emerging based on different HRM strategies for internationalisation (Taylor,


The article discusses the challenges and confrontations imposed on the working woman, mother, who wants to breastfeed her baby in a Capitalist Society. The research method carried out was the bibliographic study of qualitative contribution, in the period of July and August 2020. The search for the material used to support the study was through the database of SciELO, Rev. Saúde Pública and in normative frameworks on the "Breastfeeding" theme published in Portuguese between 1997 and 2017. The results indicate that employers who respect the Laws that benefit working mothers, offer them an appropriate place for the custody of their babies and facilitate the breastfeeding of their children in the workplace, have employees who have fewer absences, show greater interest in developing their activities and have, as a result, a higher productivity index, as they do not have to worry about their sick babies. DESCRIPTORS: Breastfeeding; Working woman; Social responsability; Capitalist society.


In terms of deformity correction with hexapod robot based external fixators, there were complex types of correction modes under existing criterions which could create redundant modes and selection confusion in clinic environment. This study proposed two original deformity correction modes under optimized criterions that can help doctors choose the proper mode and get their corresponding control methods much easier. We provided the kinematics analysis for hexapod robot based external fixator. And based on that, three traditional deformity correction modes and their respective control methods were introduced. In addition, we came up with the new correction modes classification criterion which just related execution sequence of fixators fixation and parameters measurement. Then we proposed two modes including measurement first mode and operation first mode with their corresponding control methods. At the same time, a robot orthopedic simulator for bone deformities simulations was built and a computer aided tool which provide control methods with electronic prescriptions using digital twin technology was designed. Combining these tools, deformity correction simulations were finally carried out in fifteen cases under two new modes to verify their correction effectiveness. After the simulating deformity correction with hexapod external fixators under measurement first and operation first modes, deformities in all cases were corrected and bones mechanical axis were recovered as expected. The new criterion for modes selection according to the execution sequence was more in line with actual clinical demand and operation. Deformities could be corrected effectively under measurement first mode and operation first mode. Meanwhile, measurement of deformity parameters could be reduced under the operation first mode which could weaken the influence of artificial measurement error on prescription accuracy and deformity correction effect.


We consider self-similar solutions to mean curvature evolution of entire Lagrangian graphs. When the Hessian of the potential function $u$ has eigenvalues strictly uniformly between -1 and 1, we show that on the potential level all the shrinking solitons are quadratic polynomials while the expanding solitons are in one-to-one correspondence to functions of homogenous of degree 2 with the Hessian bound. We also show that if the initial potential function is cone-like at infinity then the scaled flow converges to an expanding soliton as time goes to infinity.


Background Although there is substantial evidence that social relationships and marriage may influence both psychological and physical health, little is known about the influence of children. Purpose This study examined the competing predictions regarding the directional influence of parental status and its interaction with gender — given that mothers are typically disproportionately more responsible for everyday care of children — on cardiovascular functioning. Method We examined ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) over 24 hours among 198 married males and females. Results Couples without children had significantly higher ambulatory SBP and DBP than those with children. Moreover, we found a significant interaction between parental status and gender that suggested women with children showed the lowest ABP, whereas women without children displayed the highest ABP. Conclusion These findings suggest that parenthood, and especially motherhood, may be cardioprotective.


Analysis of Phytophthora cactorum using Random Amplified Microsatellites (RAMS) revealed considerable variation among isolates, most of which correlated with the original host plants. The lack of variation among isolates originating from strawberry suggests that crown rot of strawberry is caused by a single clone within the geographical area studied. It was also shown that P. cactorum isolates form a unique group different from other Phytophthora spp. from Group I. P. cactorum isolates from necrotic stem lesions on Betula pendula seedlings or Fragaria x ananassa plants suffering from crown rot were highly pathogenic to their original host plants. P. cactorum isolates from strawberry inoculated via wounds also caused necrotic lesions on B. pendula. On the other hand isolates from B. pendula did not cause disease symptoms on strawberry plants. On Alnus glutinosa the percentage of successful inoculations with a birch isolate was 40.


In common with other omics technologies, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics produces ever-increasing amounts of raw data, making their efficient analysis a principal challenge. There is a plethora of different computational tools that process the raw MS data and derive peptide and protein identification and quantification. During the last decade, there has been dramatic progress in computer science and software engineering, including collaboration tools that have transformed research and industry. To leverage these advances, we developed AlphaPept, a Python-based open-source framework for efficient processing of large high-resolution MS data sets. Using Numba for just-in-time machine code compilation on CPU and GPU, we achieve hundred-fold speed improvements while maintaining clear syntax and rapid development speed. AlphaPept uses the Python scientific stack of highly optimized packages, reducing the code base to domain-specific tasks while providing access to the latest advances in machine learning. We provide an easy on-ramp for community validation and contributions through the concept of literate programming, implemented in Jupyter Notebooks of the different modules. A framework for continuous integration, testing, and benchmarking enforces solid software engineering principles. Large datasets can rapidly be processed as shown by the analysis of hundreds of cellular proteomes in minutes per file, many-fold faster than the data acquisiton. The AlphaPept framework can be used to build automated processing pipelines using efficient HDF5 based file formats, web-serving functionality and compatibility with downstream analysis tools. Easy access for end-users is provided by one-click installation of the graphical user interface, for advanced users via a modular Python library, and for developers via a fully open GitHub repository.


This article gives a brief history of the emergence of Chinese indigenous psychology from the background of Westernized social psychology in Taiwan, and reviews the various debates that have surrounded the first decade of its progress from the perspectives of ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Careful analysis of these debates indicates that their themes are similar to dilemmas encountered by indigenous psychologists in other regions of the world. It is argued that breakthroughs need to be made on three levels for the development of indigenous psychology, namely, philosophical reflection, theoretical construction, and empirical research. There are three philosophical assumptions in cross‐cultural psychology—absolutism, universalism, and relativism—which correspond to three research orientations—imposed etic, derived etic, and emic. In order to achieve the goal of establishing a global psychology, then indigenous psychologists in non‐Western societies must change their thinking from anticolonialism t...


Extreme weather conditions like floods and droughts call for careful planning and management of water resources in order to prevent fatalities and other negative effects. Modern soft computing and machine learning approaches have provided a solution for simulating these hydrological phenomena despite the complexity and non-linear character of these phenomena, which depend on diverse parameters. Distributed or semi-distributed models for large-size watershed areas with geographical irregularity and heterogeneity necessitate a substantial amount of high-quality spatial data. This research uses 40 years (1981–2020) of daily rainfall-runoff data to illustrate the application of two data-driven models, random forest regression (RFR) and feed-forward neural network (FFNN), for semi-arid, large-size watershed areas. To understand the effect of input data, different input–output combinations were considered to simulate eight rainfall-runoff models. Results show that both RFR and FFNN models have successfully performed but RFR model performance is best with correlation coefficient values of 0.9928 (M6) and 0.9926 (M1).


According to one embodiment, a controller reads out the non-volatile address management information required to execute one of the read commands into an address information cache and retrieves data from the nonvolatile memory according to the volatile address management information stored in the address information cache. In addition, the controller among the read commands stored in the command queue, preferentially executes the read command whose logical addresses are all found in the volatile address management information.


The indicator of region economic success can be measured by economic growth, presented by value of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Java island has the biggest GDP contribution toward the Indonesian government, but not all of the region gives equality contribution. The C4.5, CHAID, and CART methods can be used for classifying the status of the region with nonparametric approach. C4.5 and CHAID methods are non-binary decision tree, meanwhile CART method is binary decision tree. The purposes of this research are to apply the classification and to determine the factors that influence on classification of the region. This research use secondary data about classification of status of the region on Java island with Klassen typology. Klassen typology is used to overview the region growth pattern. The dependent variable is status of the region which is divided into four categories based on Klassen typology, i.e quadrant I, quadrant II, quadrant III, and quadrant IV. There are fourteen independent variables. The result shows there are 17 classification rules with C4.5 method, 7 classification rules with CHAID method, and 5 classification rules with CART method. There are many factors that influence the classification of status of the region on Java Island. The factors that influence the classification of status of the region on Java Island based on C4.5 method are economic growth rate, income of mining and quarrying sector, income of electricity, gas, and water sector, income of construction sector, the literacy rate, and area. The factors that influence the classification of status of the region on Java Island based on CHAID method are economic growth rate, income of manufacturing sector, income of electricity, gas, and water sector, percentage of poor people, and area. While factors that influence the classification of status of the region on Java island based on CART method are economic growth rate, income of agriculture sector,income of electricity, gas, and water sector, and income of manufacturing sector.


At present,the young in hospitals have the problems: more nonlocal residence,greater occupational stress,and low satisfaction degree. Starting from supporting the young and expanding platform for the young,Youth? League? Committees of hospitals help the employees launching activities of common interests,activate cultural atmosphere by extending w ay of thinking and introducing"social organizations",at the same time,do well in routine projects of volunteer w ith the collection of dots and line,and try to create volunteer image,volunteer characteristics and the "great atmosphere"for volunteer service.


As institutions seek to increase their capacity in various modes and models of instruction, they are relying more heavily on learning designers to implement these projects. This has created a need to scale-up beyond the artisanal approaches and practices of traditional learning design. This presentation will explore the development of collaborative practices, the use of learning patterns and the development of a new tool, the Smart Storyboard, to help meet the needs of a scaled-up learning design team.


We investigate whether it is possible that viable microbes could have been transported to Earth from the planets in extra-solar systems by means of natural vehicles such as ejecta expelled by comet or asteroid impacts on such planets. The probabilities of close encounters with other solar systems are taken into account as well as the limitations of bacterial survival times inside ejecta in space, caused by radiation and DNA decay. The conclusion is that no potentially DNA/RNA life-carrying ejecta from another solar system in the general Galactic star field landed on Earth before life already existed on Earth, not even if microbial survival time in space is as long as tens of millions of years. However, if the Sun formed initially as a part of a star cluster, as is commonly assumed, we cannot rule out the possibility of transfer of life from one of the sister systems to us. Likewise, there is a possibility that some extra-solar planets carry life that originated in our solar system. It will be of great interest to identify the members of the Sun's birth cluster of stars and study them for evidence for planets and life on the planets. The former step may be accomplished by the GAIA mission, the latter step by the SIM and DARWIN missions. Therefore it may not be too long until we have experimental knowledge on the question whether the natural transfer of life from one solar system to another has actually taken place. Subject headings: astrobiology --stellar dynamics --meteors, meteoroids --(stars:) planetary systems Curt Mileikowsky 02/09/08 Natural Transfer of Viable Microbes Part 2 3


This paper analyzed the automatic generated rules of emergency disposal plan,three required basic database that were emergency plan,emergency resource library and emergency knowledge base,geography information database as a basic platform for emergency rescue to provide visual rescue route guidance,put forward a basic scheme to build intelligent emergency rescue plan.


The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically sound proposals for solving the problem of commercial circulation of seeds and planting material and payments for the use of intellectual property in Ukraine.
The analysis of the current state and prospects of seed production in Ukraine is covered. The study found that the further formation and development of domestic breeding and seed production, the entry of domestic varieties in the international market, attracting foreign investment to create a seed industry infrastructure that would meet the world requirements and standards is not possible without the introduction of varietal certification of seeds in Ukraine, membership in Ukraine Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and accession to variety certification schemes. The basis for the development of domestic breeding and seed production is further seen through the introduction of a mechanism for obtaining royalties based on a real reflection of the use of the value of seeds and planting material, and their registration by an independent body of accounting, supervision and control, as well as support for national selection through the use of breeding payments for Farm Saved Seed.
In order to set prices for seeds and planting material of a full-fledged market environment, the calculation of the normative cost, the purchase price for the plant and the selling price of 1 ton of winter wheat seeds have been proposed. Ways of resolving commercial circulation of seeds and planting material and payments for the use of intellectual property are highlighted. Prospective ways to accelerate the development of the organization of the market of seeds and planting material of Ukraine are outlined. The authors' views on the positive experience of using non-conventional and non-conventional seed material in the EU countries are outlined.Solving these problems will help to establish international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of protection of plant variety rights and commercial marketing of seeds and planting material.


A French team, with workers from Centre d'Etudes Nucleaire, Fontenay, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, and Centre National des Recherche Scientifique, have conducted numerous missions to Etna in recent years and these will be briefly reviewed (Tazieff, Boulay, Garrand & Maulard 1968; Boutry & Jatteau 1968; Elskens 1969; Tazieff et al. 1969). Pre-1971 missions In 1969, the central crater had many deep explosions (figure 1). Of particular interest was the Bocca Nuova, a small vent, 6 to 7 m in diameter, which displayed vigorous high temperature gas emission. The gases were emitted in gusts with a regular period, and their physical and chemical characteristics were studied. The maximum water content was of the order of 30 to 40 %. The periodic explosions could be correlated with carbon dioxide contents of 40 to 60 %. All the gas samples taken from the Bocca Nuova were heavily contaminated with air, this could be due to either air percolating through the porous superstructure of the volcano into the vent throat, or by air being sucked into the vent via the orifice in between gusts. The latter is supported by measurements of velocity and a film taken of the phenomenon. In 1970, Le Guern & Le Bronec noted that the central crater was in the same state as 1969. Many explosions were taking place at the bottom of the chasm, which at the surface had dimensions of 200 m by 300 m. The ejectamenta accompanying the explosions rarely reached the top lip due to the great depth. The crater was filled with dense volcanic fumes which occasionally cleared, allowing a glimpse of the vertical walls, and by night, to see the explosive activity at the bottom.


themselves from other immigrants who '"don't really deserve to be here"' (p. 166). Byrne's study is a fine, in-depth analysis of the ways in which citizenship ceremonies take place today, and of the ways in which the respective nationstates are represented in those ceremonies. Regrettably, we learn relatively little about the possible reasons behind these representations or, in other words, why citizenship ceremonies were enacted that particular way. There is little discussion of the structural conditions, such as administrative guidance (only in the case of Australia, p. 49), or of the differing degrees of individual agency in the staging of local ceremonies. Unfortunately, the interview material from state officials is almost entirely absent from the book. Although Byrne anticipates the risk of methodological nationalism (p. 4), she at times draws general conclusions from what must be considered a rather imbalanced empirical basis, with ten ceremonies observed in the UK, four in the United States, and only one in Canada, Australia, Ireland, and the Netherlands each (pp. 40, 74–75). Furthermore, her almost exclusively Anglophone sample of nation-states would better support an argument about the industrialized, English-speaking (rather than European) Western world. Nonetheless, Making Citizens is a highly valuable contribution to the under-researched area of citizenship ceremonies and a must-read for anyone interested in the study of current access to citizenship in the Anglophone Western world.


Conventional subband coding for image data compression uses 2D separable QMF banks in which the analysis and synthesis filters are composed of 1D filters. Such an implementation produces a large size output image as a result of the convolution process. Various signal extension methods have been proposed to solve this problem. However, these methods have one or more of the following drawbacks: generation of boundary noise, inability to guarantee aliasing cancellation, and increased computation complexity. In this paper, we present an alternative solution to the problem by converting a 2D image array to a 1D array and then using a 1D QMF bank to process the 1D signal. In our approach, most of the above drawbacks mentioned above are eliminated. In addition, our approach offers more flexibility in the type of the filter that can be implemented.


This paper considers the problem of recovering a sparse p×p matrix X given an m×m matrix Y = AXB , where A and B are known m× p matrices with m p. The main result shows that there exist constructions of the "sketching" matrices A and B so that even if X has O(p) non-zeros, it can be recovered exactly and efficiently using convex optimization as long as these non-zeros are not concentrated in any single row/column of X. Furthermore, it suffices for the size of Y (the sketch dimension) to scale as m = O (√ # nonzeros in X × log p ) . Our approach relies on a novel result concerning tensor products of random bipartite graphs, which may be of independent interest. We also describe two interesting applications of our results: (a) estimating sparse covariance matrices from compressed realizations and (b) a novel paradigm of lossless sketching/compression of sparse graphs.


Counsellors, providing political and ideological work, should be self-disciplined, just and impartial. Counsellors, being strict and familiar to students, should pay equal attention to education and service, managing and self-rule, the development of individuality and the culture of observing regulations and law.


We present an experimental procedure to determine the usefulness of a measurement scheme for quantum error correction (QEC). A QEC scheme typically requires the ability to prepare entangled states, to carry out multi-qubit measurements, and to perform certain recovery operations conditioned on measurement outcomes. As a consequence, the experimental benchmark of a QEC scheme is a tall order because it requires the conjuncture of many elementary components. Our scheme opens the path to experimental benchmarks of individual components of QEC. Our numerical simulations show that certain parity measurements realized in circuit quantum electrodynamics are on the verge of being useful for QEC.


Sources of Ambiguity in Teaching Technology Susan M. Thies University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 2017 The public school system is charged with the endeavor of preparing students for college and/or careers. Currently there is a shortage of qualified individuals to fill jobs in the technology field. These job opportunities will continue to grow while the amount of potential employees dwindles. There is an issue with supply and demand, what are public schools doing to fill this need? They invest millions of dollars to put technology in the hands of students but what is being taught about technology and how is it being taught? The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe the current situation in public schools and the universities that supply teachers to those public schools with regard to teaching technology in a Midwestern area. Three groups of individuals were interviewed: teachers, directors of curriculum, and university professors that teach education technology to preservice teachers. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed then coded for specific words and phrases. Findings showed that a majority of participants were focused on technology integration and student engagement rather than teaching technology concepts. Teachers and university professors had the freedom to choose what they taught about technology yet had very little training on teaching technology. Most were self-taught and located resources on their own time. With this freedom to create lessons on their own, ambiguity arises concerning the content, iv coherence, consistency, and reliability of the resources used in the development of the lessons. The educational professionals in this study are the gatekeepers of technology, which could affect equity, academic achievement, cultural capital, and future career choices of students.


Objective: In order to establish miR-122 transgenic mouse with GFP,two construction strategies of miR-122 overexpression plasmid were compared.Methods: The pre-miR-122 sequence(291bp) was respectively cloned into the intron upstream or 3′UTR downstream the GFP gene,which was inserted into pBROAD3 vector before.After the two plasmids were transfected into 293T cells,the mRNA expression levels of miR-122 and GFP were detected by Q-PCR,and the fluorescent of GFP in 293T were observed by fluorescence microscope.Another vector,miR-122 sensor reporter,was constructed with three repeated antisense sequences of miR-122 inserted into the 3′UTR of luciferase in psiCHECK2 vector.The regulation function of miR-122 was identified by detecting luciferase activity after the sensor reporter and miR-122 overexpression plasmids were co-transfected into 293T cells.Results: These two construction strategies were proved to increased the expression level of miR-122,but only the plasmid with miR-122 in GFP 3′UTR could express activated GFP.Conclusion: Inserting microRNA into 3′UTR of GFP will not influence both of the expression level and the activity of miR-122 and GFP.The vector pBROAD-GFP-miR-122 is adapted for the study of transgenic mouse.