In this paper we present the design of a hardware architecture for real-time PET (Priority Encoding Transmission) decoding of MPEG-1 messages. The main features of the decoder are: pipeline architecture and parallelism in the execution of some critical phases in the decoding process. The estimated clock frequency is 50 MHz with a required silicon area of about 35 mm/sup 2/. The total latency introduced to decode an MPEG-1 GOP made up of 30 frames, each of 320/spl times/240 pixels, is about 40 ms.


In the present case report we discuss the factors that contribute to the recurrence of ectopic pregnancy in the interstitial area of the uterus. Interstitial pregnancies account for 2-6% of all ectopic pregnancies and carry a 2-5% mortality rate due to their potential to cause a life-threatening haemorrhage. Identification of early signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy is of paramount importance for the optimal management of these women.


Commissioning in the maritime industry is a long crucial phase in which all essential components in the ship are tested for faults and defects before a final acceptance form is signed by the client. Due to the variety of components in a ship and
the complex hierarchical structure of such components, it is typical to have thousands of tests that should be performed throughout the commissioning phase. For every new ship, commissioning planners initially spend hours preparing the commissioning tests by reading technical documents, extracting relevant information, and applying the gathered knowledge to the unique equipment configuration in the ship. This leads to high preparation efforts and planning mistakes, e.g., unconsidered dependencies, and as a result, commissioning, and the shipbuilding process as a whole may be delayed.

This paper lays the foundation for automating the process of authoring commissioning content for maritime productions. The paper presents a digital modeling approach for ship components, which facilitates the development of commissioning-specialized software. The model shown in this paper takes textual and geometrical information of ship components as input data and produces generalized commissioning templates that can be used to generate commissioning tests automatically.


When the drive to develop and administer tests comes from a public call for accountability in a profession, from the government's response to this call, or from politicians attempting to identify a hot issue, it may be said that the test must first have political validity in order to be implemented. Only after this political validity has been achieved, will the real psychometric properties of the test be valued. In addition to introducing the concept of political validity, this paper addresses challenges presented by the traditional psychometric validity concerns surrounding paper-and-pencil tests aimed to measure teacher competencies. This is followed by a review of types of performance-based measures that have been introduced to address validity problems and the psychometric considerations inherent in these tests. Among the tests discussed are the teacher testing program in Massachusetts and teacher assessment as implemented in Ontario, Canada. The review of these and other teacher testing programs suggests that current standardized teacher tests leave much to be desired when it comes to evidence of psychometric validity. The paper concludes that, in spite of psychometric validity, political validity is what is primary in determining a test's public acceptance. (Contains 69 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. In Search of Soundness in Teacher Testing: .1 Beyond Political Validity Carol A. Miles and Curtis Lee PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


I should like to raise two points about Giordano Bruno's martyrdom (Random Samples, "Burned by history," 10 Mar., p. 1743). In 1600, Bruno, a Dominican friar, was declared a heretic by the Inquisition and burned at the stake, an event the Catholic Church has now said was a "sad episode."


Indian Historical Review, 41, 1 (2014): 103–141 history as propaganda? What does history as research mean to the vast passionate consumers of history? These and many questions surface in the domain of historical writing, which knows it cannot insulate itself from politics, but is called upon to decide what politics suits the country best. The debate is not designed for any easy or speedy agreement.


Abstract The supply of lubrication oil has a great influence on the reliability and efficiency of a scroll compressor, because oil plays a role in lubrication, sealing, and heat transfer in the compressor. In this work, a comprehensive steady and transient analysis on the oil supply system of a high-pressure shell scroll compressor was carried out using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program. Various parameters, including pressure difference, compressor rotation speed, oil temperature, bearing clearance, and diameter of the oil gallery, were investigated to find the relations with oil flowrate. Among them, oil temperature and bearing clearance are indicated as the most sensitive, and pressure difference follows. Compressor rotation speed and diameter of the oil gallery are insensitive. Some hydrodynamic parameters can also be obtained in detail, such as pressure drop and oil flow velocity. This CFD analysis has proved to be helpful for the design and optimization of an oil supply system in a scroll compressor.


Abstract Transnational education is growing apace in recent years, with international branch campuses (IBCs) becoming an increasingly prominent feature in Asia's higher education landscape. This paper examines a Sino-British IBC in China as an inroad for illuminating the mobilities such set-ups entrain as a migration infrastructure tied to transnational work and workplace. Using Bourdieu's concepts of field, capital and habitus, we interrogate the processes of 'branch-making' in relations to the IBC in question, teasing out its strategies in recruitment, and, as part of its social and material environment, opposing circumstances that motivate the re-mobilisation of academic migrants. The paper argues for a need to consider not just interventions of the state or individuals' personal decisions in comprehending skilled migration, but also how the workplace possesses the power to shape movement and generate mobilities.


The massive data demand of GPGPUs requires expensive memory modules, such as GDDR, to support high data bandwidth. The high cost poses constraints on the total memory capacity available to GPGPU s, and the data need to be transferred between the host CPUs and GPGPUs. However, the long latency of data transfers has resulted in significant performance overhead. To alleviate this issue, the modem GPGPUs have implemented the non-blocking data transfer allowing a GPGPU to perform computing while the data is being transmitted. This paper proposes a capacity aware scheduling algorithm that exploits the non-blocking data transfer in modern GPGPUs. By effectively taking the advantage of non-blocking transfers, experiment results demonstrate an average of 24.01 % performance improvement when compared to existing approaches that only consider memory capacity.


The Multi-footprint Observation Lidar and Imager (MOLI), is earth observation lidar mission on board the Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) on the International Space Station. This project advanced to Phase A in October 2021, the team began working on the next phase of the project with a formal budget. Mission instruments consist of lidar as a laser altimeter and imager. The purpose of the updated mission and the status of the laser test will be reported.


This chapter presents a range of issues still facing action research as it begins to take its place institwionally. In revisiting its underlying logic, 'action research ' is proposed as being far more significant in its modus operandi than 'mere technique '. Instead it is conceptualized as the process by which we and all other self-organizing living systems, 'inquire' in order to live. This way of thinking a bow action research has grown 0 111 of 35 years of the author's experience as an action research faciliJator and identifies the familiar cycles of participatOIJ' action research as analogical to the recursive dynamic forms of systemic life, at whatever scale, changing and ordering, moving constantly and relational/y within and between the inner and ower, process and structure.


We propose the structure and components of a real-time operating system based solution for digital model-railway control. Digital model railways, where pulse-width modulation (PWM) based data generation is used for locomotive and accessory control, are quite popular within the community of model railway enthusiast. These systems are always to some degree vendor specific and require some central control for performing several parallel tasks as e.g. track signal generation, scheduling of control messages and collection of feedback events. There are already many commercial as well as community maintained solutions for central controls available. However, aside from some community projects, little is known about the inner software of such Microcontroller centered systems. We will report about a FreeRTOS based firmware for the Central Control hardware of the OpenDCC project. The application of a real-time Operating System togetherwith preemptive multitasking poses a non-trivial problem in the context of model railway control, due to the strict timing requirements of many digital model railway protocols. These timing requirements come quickly into conflict with the natural inner delays of real-time Operating Systems. In the context of our work we could successfully solve such conflicts by avoiding specific programming constructs with FreeRTOS.


This paper is a study about the role of interior design style as a tool to create certain image. Style in interior design is a complex topic because it concern about forming other people perception trough the company image. This study is become very important for the company that wants to create the company image trough interior design, and for the designer that involved in it. Some ways are shown in the interior design strategy that can be use to achieve market share commercially, and how the interior design concept can be improve to fulfill the wider human needs.


The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of application conditions on the structure and properties of multi-component coatings obtained in the Physical Vapour Deposition process on Al2O3 based oxide tool ceramic substrate. The tests were carried out on multi-edge cutting inserts made of Al2O3+ ZrO2 oxide tool ceramics, coated with combinations of coatings based on (Ti, Al, Si) N in the CAE PVD arc cathodic evaporation process. Based on the tests, the structure, phase composition and texture of the tested coatings were identified. The effect of stress values determined by the X-ray sin(ψ) method on their microhardness and adhesion to the substrate material was determined.


The "monetary method" to measure the size of the shadow economy is based on econometric estimates of the demand for currency. These estimates are used to reckon the currency held by economic agents in excess of the amount they need to finance registered transactions. This excess of currency multiplied by the income-velocity of circulation (assumed to be equal in the registered and the shadow economies) allows measuring unregistered GDP (the size of the shadow economy). This paper shows that the "monetary method" only produces appropriate estimates of the size of the shadow economy if the income-elasticity of the demand for currency is one. This result is applied, as an illustration, to an existent measurement of the size of the shadow economy in Argentina for the period 1930-1983.


ABSTRACT The assembly and maintenance of most cilia and flagella rely on intraflagellar transport (IFT). Recent in vitro studies have suggested that, together, the calponin-homology domain within the IFT81 N-terminus and the highly basic N-terminus of IFT74 form a module for IFT of tubulin. By using Chlamydomonas mutants for IFT81 and IFT74, we tested this hypothesis in vivo. Modification of the predicted tubulin-binding residues in IFT81 did not significantly affect basic anterograde IFT and length of steady-state flagella but slowed down flagellar regeneration, a phenotype similar to that seen in a strain that lacks the IFT74 N-terminus. In both mutants, the frequency of tubulin transport by IFT was greatly reduced. A double mutant that combined the modifications to IFT81 and IFT74 was able to form only very short flagella. These results indicate that, together, the IFT81 and IFT74 N-termini are crucial for flagellar assembly, and are likely to function as the main module for IFT of tubulin. Summary: Tubulin transport is specifically impaired by mutations to the proposed tubulin-binding domains of the intraflagellar transport proteins IFT81 and IFT74.


The abnormal photo electric properties of MIS structures in base of Si and HgCdTe, such as a significant photo-emf signal in enhancement and drop of the local photo-emf in inversion, were experimentally investigated. It has been established that the reason for the significant photo-emf signal in the state of enhancement and the related features of the photo electric properties of the Si-MIS-structure, is the photosensitivity in the region far from the electrode, associated with non-uniform distribution of electrically active defects in this region. It has also been established that the non-uniformity in surface potential (between the sub-electrode region and the region away from the electrode or between different points in sub-electrode region) may result in a drop of the local photo-emf in the state of inversion. A conclusion has been made that the redistribution of non-equilibrium carriers along the boundary must be taken into account in constructing equivalent circuits of the MIS structures.


Abstract A magnetohydrodynamic, dynamo driven by convection in a rotating spherical shell is supposed to have averages that are independent of time. Two cases are considered, one driven by a fixed temperature difference R and the other by a given internal heating rate Q. It is found that when q, the ratio of thermal conductivity to magnetic diffusivity, is small, R must be of order q −4/3 and Q of order q −2 for dynamo action to be possible; q is small in the Earth's core, so it is hoped that the criteria will prove useful in practical as well as theoretical studies of dynamic dynamos. The criteria can be further strengthened when the ohmic dissipation of the field is significant in the energy balance. The development includes the derivation of two necessary conditions for dynamo action, both based on the viscous dissipation rate of the velocity field that drives the dynamo.


[Objective] To assay CD4+/CD8+ of peripheral blood and expression of ICAM-1 in brain and spinal and its clinical significance in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Wistar rats. [Methods] The animal model was established in Wistar rats by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) of spinal cord of guinea pig in CAF and levamisole. The control group was injected with NS/CAF or Levamisole respectively. CD4+/CD8+ of peripheral blood was detected with flow cytometric analysis. The feature of myelin and expression of ICAM-1 in brain and spinal were detected with Loyez′s stain and immunohistochemistry respectively on 16 days after injection. The result was compared with that of control group. [Results] The feature of myelin were nomal in control groups but demyelized condition was observed in white matter of brain and spinal in model groups. The number of ICAM-1 was (5.08±0.39), obviously higher than that of in control groups (P 0.05, P 0.05, P 0.05). [Conclusion] CD4+/CD8+ and ICAM-1 may play an important role in EAE in Wistar rats.


One reason why decision makers are often teams and not individuals may be that team decisions comply more closely with economic rationality. We compare individual and team decisions, when systematic deviations from the expected utility theory (EUT) and the portfolio selection theory (PST) are to be expected. We find almost no evidence for the greater compliance of team decisions with the principles of EUT. However, there is substantial evidence for the consistency of team decisions with the PST. Compared to individuals, teams accumulate significantly more expected value at a significantly lower total risk (measured in standard deviation, S.D.). © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: C91; C92; D81; D70; M10


order to best represent the individual ACP response to their perceived de fi cits, a percentage of de fi cits identi fi ed and addressed was chosen. Respondents were not aware that their responses would be compared to the credits obtained for the year, to minimize bias in CME selection. Results: Of the 140 ACPs in the region, 42 (30%) completed the survey. From the 37-point list, the median number of perceived de fi cits identi fi ed was 7.00 (IQR 3.00-10.00). The median number of CME events that addressed perceived de fi cits was 2.00 (IQR 1.00-3.00). The median number of perceived de fi cits addressed by either paramedic-chosen or mandatory CME were identical at 1.00 (IQR 0.00-2.00). The percentage of perceived de fi cits identi fi ed and addressed via CME was 35.07% (range 0-100%). Paramedic-chosen CME covered 22.48% (range 0-100%) of perceived de fi cits, while mandatory CME covered 20.14% (range 0-100%) of perceived de fi cits. Conclusion: In the current system, only 35.07% of perceived de fi cits were addressed through mandatory and paramedic-chosen CME. Further information regarding barriers to paramedics obtaining CME that meets their perceived de fi cits needs to be elucidated.


Objective To Analyse the state of the disease prevention and control institution and the problem of this system.Methods The state of this institution was investigated by writing form.Results Budget devotion shortage,un- reasonable powerman allocation,lacking thinking to the construction,management,reform and development of center for disease prevention and control (CDPC),and the bad condition of hardware in many CDPCs.etc.Conclusion CDPC must dear and definite working responsibility,assurance devotion;Fixed Reasonablely position,adjust function;Use reasona- blely staff and person;Quasi-go into strictly,specificate the management of CDPC;Service with superior quality to the peoples,open widely a market;Active actively to fight for the support of government;Turn deeply reform,expand enter- prising;Change the idea,put the work important point to prevention.


In the experiment of wedge shaped interference, the fringe space becomes wider as the thickness of the membrane increases. This is because the shape of glass changes and the incident beam on the wedge shaped surface is not strictly parallel. A practical and efficient method is given to reduce measuring error in this experiment. The effect of divergence of incident beam has been determined in the experiment, which coincide with the theoretical calculation.


Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality worldwide. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) has become an essential tool in the initial management of acute myocardial infarction. Several, but not all studies, have demonstrated worse clinical outcomes with higher troponin levels in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). However, outcomes associated with peak troponin levels following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have not been well established. Purpose To determine the prognostic value of elevated hs-cTnT in the prediction of all-cause mortality and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in STEMI. Methods Single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted of all patients with STEMI between January 2015 and December 2017. False activations of the catheterisation laboratory were excluded. Demographics and clinical data were obtained through electronic patient records. Relationship between peak hs-cTnT and all-cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year, and LVEF was examined. Standard Bayesian statistics were employed for analysis. Results 568 patients presented with STEMI during this period (186 in 2015, 194 in 2016 and 188 in 2017). Baseline characteristics are shown in table 1. Mean age was 63.6 years (SD 12.0) and 76.4% were male. Culprit vessels included: 220 (38.7%) Left anterior descending (LAD), 227 (40.0%) Right coronary artery, 95 (16.7%) Circumflex, 7 (1.2%) Left main stem, 1 (0.2%) Ramus and 18 (3.2%) multi-vessel or undetermined culprit. 535 (94.2%) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention, 12 (2.1%) urgent coronary artery bypass and 21 (3.7%) were treated medically. Mean peak hs-cTnT was 5124 ng/L for the cohort (range 20 – 57875 ng/L) (reference range <14 ng/L). Peak hs-cTnT measured at a median of 1 day from admission. Mean creatinine was 95.6 μmol/L. All-cause 30-day mortality rate was 6.2% and all-cause 1-year mortality rate was 8.8%. Mean peak hs-cTnT levels were significantly higher in those who died within 30 days compared with those who survived (12238 ng/L vs. 4657 ng/L respectively, p<0.001). Peak hs-cTnT levels were also significantly higher in those who died within 1 year compared with those who survived (10319 ng/L vs. 4622 ng/L respectively, p<0.001). One-way ANOVA exhibited significant differences in peak troponin between culprit vessels. LAD was associated with the highest hs-cTnT and was the most common culprit in those who died at 1 year. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between peak hs-cTnT and LVEF (Pearson's R=0.379, p<0.00001; figure 1).Abstract 14 Table 1 Baseline characteristics among STEMI patients and association with 1-year mortality (N=568) Baseline characteristics among STEMI patients and association with 1-year mortality (N=568)Abstract 14 Figure 1 Peak troponin has a moderate relationship with left ventricular ejection fraction pearson's correlation, r=−0.379, p<0.01 Peak troponin has a moderate relationship with left ventricular ejection fraction pearson's correlation, r=−0.379, p<0.01 Conclusion In STEMI, those who died at 30 days and 1 year had significantly higher peak troponin levels than those who survived. Peak troponin is also inversely proportional to LVEF with higher troponins associated with lower LVEF. While the cost-effectiveness of performing routine troponins in STEMI is arguable, there may be a rationale for performing a single troponin sample at 24 hours post admission as a predictor of mortality and LVEF. Data represent the number (percentage) of [patients or median [interquartile range]. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons of continuous variables; Fishers's exact test was used for categorical variables.


On February 19, 1987, the International Court of Justice elected Eduardo Valencia-Ospina to the post of Registrar to succeed Santiago Torres Bernárdez, who had resigned for personal reasons several months before the expiry of his term of office. Mr. Valencia-Ospina had served as Deputy-Registrar since April 1984. He had previously served in the Office of Legal Affairs of the UN Secretariat. In accordance with Article 22 of the Rules of Court, he was elected for a term of 7 years.


High feature dimensionality of realistic datasets adversely affects the recognition accuracy of nearest neighbor (NN) classifiers. To address this issue, we introduce a nearest feature classifier that shifts the NN concept from the global-decision level to the level of individual features. Performance comparisons with 12 instance-based classifiers on 13 benchmark University of California Irvine classification datasets show average improvements of 6 and 3.5% in recognition accuracy and area under curve performance measures, respectively. The statistical significance of the observed performance improvements is verified by the Friedman test and by the post hoc Bonferroni–Dunn test. In addition, the application of the classifier is demonstrated on face recognition databases, a character recognition database and medical diagnosis problems for binary and multi-class diagnosis on databases including morphological and gene expression features.


Scientific data is one of the most important resources for the sustainable development of modern science.The amount of scientific data accumulated in the latest decades is much larger than the total sum built up by the human society in the past 5,000 years.Meanwhile,the way of collecting,memorizing,disseminating and applying data has become more and more complex and diversified.Therefore,the management of science data plays an important role to sustain the modern science research.Based on literature reviews,the paper summaries the basic theory of scientific data sharing management,that is,the basic characteristics,the law of value,and the input-output rule of scientific data.By means of comparing the status quo of scientific data sharing both in USA and China,the gap and major problems of this field is to be analyzed.


Public action increasingly takes place in self-organizing networks that are remote from direct governmental control. While these transformations have been subject to scrutiny in regard to their efficiency, less attention has been paid to their democratic quality. This article discusses governance-induced problems of democracy by isolating two major criticisms. Deliberative criticism argues that governance, rather than allowing for true deliberation in the public space, may lead to a loss of accountability. Participatory criticism stresses that governance impinges on participatory venues. The article discusses these criticisms theoretically and empirically, drawing from research on drug policy in Switzerland. The findings show that the criticisms are relevant, albeit not entirely justified.


infection screen, random electroencephalography, electrocardiography and echocardiography, were normal. His mother subsequently reported that she had experienced similar attacks since infancy which had diminished in frequency with age. She had been diagnosed as having epilepsy but had not responded to anticonvulsant therapy. Her mother and brother also had episodes. Episodes were precipitated by defaecation or insertion of a rectal thermometer. Both she and her mother had experienced attacks during childbirth and vaginal examination. Characteristically, an attack commenced with the sudden onset of an intense burning sensation in the perianal region


Objectives To investigate the thin-walled bleb penetration of topical levofloxacin into the rabbit lens.Design Experimental study.Participants New Zealand white rabbit.Methods Twenty-six New Zealand white rabbits with thin-walled blebs after filtering surgery to right eyes were divided randomly into three groups A,B,C.Eight rabbits in each group A and B,and all eyes received 0.1ml of 0.3%levofloxacin 4 times every day,which last for 4 days in group A and 7 days in group B.Ten rabbits with 20 eyes in group C,and 0.1ml of 0.3%levofloxacin was administrated to the eyes at 30 minute intervals for 4 hours.All the rabbits received the last drop administered 30 minutes before been put to death.The concentration of levofloxacin in lens was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the data of the three groups.A P0.05 was required for results to be considered statistically significant.Main Outcome Measures The concentration of levofloxacin in rabbit lens.Results The concentration of levofloxacin in the lens of thin-walled bleb eyes was 0.33±0.10μg/g,0.27±0.15μg/g and 0.62±0.28μg/g in groups A,B and C and 0.12±0.03μg/g,0.12±0.03μg/g and 0.15±0.05μg/g in control eyes of groups A,B and C, and the difference of levofloxacin concentration in lens between brother eyes in each group was statistically significant(group A:P0.0001;group B:P0.05;group C:P0.0001.The difference of levofloxacin concentration in the lens of thin-walled bleb eyes between group A and B was non-statistically significant(P=0.566).But it was statistically significant between either group A and C(P=0.006), or group B and C(P=0.001).Conclusions Levofloxacin penetrate into rabbit lens better in thin-walled bleb group than in control group, and it seemed that higher concentration of levofloxacin in lens occurred by high frequency administration.


How do we know when our students are engaged? Or are they engaged at all? These questions are very important for improving the education process. If we are not able to find the right answer, the education will be only boring and demotivating obligation for both sides, teachers and students. In our paper we aim to investigate a potential of active learning approach in the conditions of Slovak university education oriented on the IT. For this purpose, we selected a study program called Business Informatics at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, This program educates IT graduates in line with current trends like data analytics or software products development. We applied suitable active learning strategies to the selected subjects and evaluated the results. In general, we can state that at the beginning it was very important to explain in details our motivation and benefits to the students. Based on them, the adoption on the students' side was faster and more positive. Equally important was regular feedback on the implemented activities. Finally, we can conclude that this improvement is not a one-off and short-term procedure.


Against the background of this research by the problems that researchers found in a field that is in a class of deaf students in special schools Discourse IX SMPLB Asih who have the ability in the field of computer. The ability of researchers to improve students' skills in the field again with the use of computer applications in the Adobe Photoshop image editing. This study used experimental approach in the form of single subjeck research (the study a single subject), with A - B design and data analysis techniques using graphical visual analysis. From the research results can be seen in the baseline condition is done in six sessions, students are only able to get a score of 18% in the first meeting , After a given treatment in the intervention condition, the ability of the students in taking steps to increase image editing, data showing the stability of the meeting of the seventh to the fifteenth meeting with the highest score of 100% with the steps in doing photo editing skills . Applications can be concluded that the use of Adobe Photoshop to enhance the skills of children with hearing impairment photo editing class IX SMPLB Wacana Asih Padang .


The paper examines some aspects connected to childlessness: the value im-plications for the postponers category and the correlation between reli-gious values and childlessness. The economic interpretation of childless-ness is compared with the cultural-value viewpoint and the influence of religion on childlessness is analyzed from an inter-cultural and inter-faith perspective. It comes out that the postponers category may have an interpre-tative validity, providing the economic model is assumed. If a value model were assumed, instead, both voluntary and involuntary postponers would be considered as making a personal choice toward the childlessness condition. Results also point out that religious denominations have different attitudes toward childlessness, either considering it as a disvalue, or not implying any moral meaning, or considering it only as a potential disvalue. A reflection is necessary on the basic interpretative presuppositions related to the determining factors which affect an individual choice. Moreover, the religious variable should be examined taking into account religious content and affiliation.


Objective To discuss the clinical significance of difference of electrocardiogram(ECG) between patients with pure cardiovascular disease and those with acute cerebrovascular disease(ACVD) combined with cerebral-cardiac syndrome.Methods ECG of 218 ACVD patients combined with cerebral-cardiac syndrome(group A) and 218 pure cardiovascular disease patient(group B) were observed and analyzed.Results There was significant difference between the two groups on the rate of abnormal ECG(P0.05).Abnormal ECG of ACVD patients combined with cerebral-cardiac syndrome showed a recovery rate of 85.93%at four weeks after the episode.Conclusion Cerebral-cardiac syndrome is a secondary change of patients with ACVD,among which 85.93%return to normal with the improvement of cerebral diseases.


Numerical simulations are presented of the long time behaviour of viscous columnar vortices subject to non-uniform axial stretching. The relevant result is that the vortices reach a steady state even when the axial average of the strain is zero, such that they are being compressed during half of their extent. The structure of the flow is analysed and shown to range from local Burgers equilibrium to massive separation. For an intermediate range of Reynolds numbers the vortices are more or less uniform and compact, and it is suggested that this condition is related to the strong vortices observed in turbulent flows. The reason for the survival of the vortices under compression is traced to induced axial pressure gradients and to the viscous cancellation of outgoing vorticity. Theoretical analyses of the linear Burgers' regime and of the onset of separation are presented and compared to the numerical experiments. The results are related to the observation of intermittency in turbulence, and shown to be consistent both with the observed scaling of vortex diameter, and with the lack of intermittency of the velocity signal.


Background Over the last decade there has been a rapid increase in the body of knowledge in Hematology and Oncology with major changes in treatment strategies and available therapies. In this current climate, the majority of physicians with Hematology-Oncology training focus their practice on either Hematology or Oncology. However, currently most fellowship programs combine the two specialties. In 2012, only 16 Hematology-specific fellowship positions were available nationwide, and the number of applicants per position in the NRMP Match for Hematology and Hematology-Oncology (Hem-Onc) was 7.4 and 1.5, respectively.

A report from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) predicted an acute shortage in the Hem-Onc workforce by the year 2020. As we attempt to meet this demand by training more fellows, it is important to understand the Hem-Onc environment in which the internal medicine residents are surrounded as they choose their career pathways. We therefore conducted a survey of internal medicine residents to understand their perceptions about this field and how they make decisions about fellowship training.

Methods The content and wording of the survey were developed in focus group discussions of the authors. A 5 point Likert scale was used to identify a range of responses. A pilot was performed with the Hem-Onc fellows to test the survey for clarity and relevance. The Research Electronic Database electronic capture (REDCap) software was used for survey development and distribution. Program directors were contacted via email regarding study participation. The invitation to complete a 4 page anonymous web based survey was sent to Internal Medicine residents at 4 residency programs in Massachusetts (1 university-based and 3 community-based) between January 2012 and July 2012. Counts and proportions were used to summarize survey responses.

Results 77 out of the 171 current residents enrolled in the 4 residency programs completed the survey (response rate: 45%). 59 (77%) of the respondents were either committed to or had considered pursuing fellowship training. Among these residents, Hem-Onc was among the top three choices for 20 (26%) of the respondents. The top three factors that led them to consider a fellowship in Hem-Onc were intellectual stimulation, the rapidly expanding field, and a personality fit ([Table 1][1]). The top reasons cited for not considering a career in Hem-Onc were the lack of curative options, personality fit, and dealing with end of life issues ([Table 2][2]). Of the 57 residents not considering a combined Hem-Onc fellowship, 16 (26%) were willing to consider fellowships in Hematology or Oncology if tracks where offered separately [11 (69%) for Hematology alone or 5 (31%) for Oncology alone]. Even among those considering combined Hem-Onc fellowships, 3 (15%) would consider fellowships in Hematology alone and 3 (15%) would consider oncology alone.

View this table:

Table 1
Factors that most attract residents toward a career in Hem-Onc

View this table:

Table 2
Factors that most dissuade residents from a career in Hem-Onc

In terms of the residency training environment, the areas of Hem-Onc training where most residents felt their exposure to the field be lacking were outpatient oncology (59,77%) and benign hematology (49, 64%). ([Fig.1][3])

![Figure][4]

Discussion While Hematology and Oncology have traditionally been offered as a combined 3 year fellowship, there is substantial interest in separate Hematology and Oncology fellowships as evidenced by our survey results and NRMP data.

A greater number of Hematology- or Oncology-specific fellowships could attract more residents to these subspecialties and help meet the increasing demand for Hematologists and Oncologistsin clinical practice. Also, increased exposure to outpatient, in addition to inpatient, Hem-Onc during residency would be more representative of actual practice, could dispel misconceptions about dismal outcomes in Hem-Onc, and may help attract more residents to the field.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #T1
 [2]: #T2
 [3]: #F1
 [4]: pending:yes


The Guevgueli igneous association and the Ballons massif are intrusive into a rhyolitic volcaniclastic series. They both contain gabbro-dioritic cumulates and abundant magmatic breccias containing melanocratic microgranular and leucocratic granular rocks. Two distinct parageneses, formed under different PH 2 O, one with bytownite, the other with amphibole + or - biotite + or - ferro-titanian oxides, control the magmatic differentiation processes. Structural studies reveal diastrophisms which favoured a water contribution from the sialic country rocks during magmatic crystallization. An emplacement in continental fractures accounts for the distinctive features of these rocks.


Traditional near infrared (NIR) imaging is realized by a two dimensional InGaAs photodetector (PD) array integrated with a Si readout integrated circuit active matrix. The integration between the two different semiconductor arrays seriously restrains the device size-scalability and leads to high manufacture cost. One alternative approach is to up-convert infrared photons to a shorter wavelength (e.g., 1 µm or below) that can be effectively detected by a conventional Si detector. Herein, we report a highly simplified single-mesa (pixel-less) hybrid organic/inorganic up-conversion imaging device through the integration of a large area inorganic PD with an organic light emitting diode, which can up-convert a NIR scene to a visible-light image. By combining the fabricated device with a commercially available camera, we demonstrate the first time pixel-less up-conversion NIR imaging with a spatial resolution of better than 6 µm. This device has great potential for making low-cost, large-area and high resolution NIR cameras (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Excerpt Gout may be succinctly defined as a disorder of purine metabolism characterized by hyperuricemia and a typical form of recurrent acute arthritis which often eventually is associated with ur...


The results of a laboratory development project at the Department of Automation at the University of Miskolc are presented in the paper. The department has several subjects in the Bs. C. and M. Sc. level education programs. Among other subjects, "Industrial process control" is one of the most important subjects of the department. The theoretical education is complemented by laboratory exercises. Three laboratories are dedicated for these purposes, where PLC control technologies can be shown for the students. A model of Totally Integrated Automation System has been realized. It consists of different technologies, PLC-s, industrial communication tools and process visualization system. Assembly system model, electrical and pneumatic actuators, ac motor drive, lift model etc. represents the technologies. Each of them is controlled by PLC. All the PLCs are connected to a hierarchical industrial communication system. Microcontrollers are also important tools of the automation systems. Two different type of controller development systems are used and presented in the paper.


The performance of alternating PSM and its modified type applicable to sub-quarter micron contact holes were studied via both simulations and experiments. We focused on the contact holes as follows: the pitch of one direction was fixed to 0.4micrometers (0.73(lambda) /NA) and the pitches of another direction were varied from 0.4micrometers to 1.6micrometers (2.9(lambda) /NA). Simulations and experiments were performed with a KrF excimer system (0.45 NA and 0.3 coherence factor). The alternating PSM provided benefits in printing highly packed contact holes, whereas the hybrid PSM having a mixed form of alternating PSM and outrigger PSM showed its effects for the contact holes packed only in one direction. It was found that the performance of PSM was strongly affected by duty ratios of the contact holes. In particular, the hybrid PSM improved both the roundness of contact holes and the depth-of- focus, enabling 0.45(lambda) /NA contact holes to be printed. Therefore, either the alternating or the hybrid PSM may extend the lifetime of the optical lithography.


General Currently the so-called Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is used for the assessment of head injury risk during car crashes. This criterion, which is based on translational accelerations of the victim's head, is often critisized and improved head injury criteria are believed to be needed for improving head injury assessment. For the development of new head injury criteria, a reliable numerical model of the human head is a necessary research tool.


e15076Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in the management of cancer. High grade irAEs are uncommon but can be severe and require hospital admission. There is an ...


Some sellers announce openly to prospective buyers that they will match any competitor's lower price on similar products. This practice is visible among many retailers of consumer durables such as TV sets, stereo components, cameras and personal computers. In more covert and informal forms, price matching is ubiquitous. It exists whenever individual sellers of a product are known to be generally willing to lower their prices when confronted by prospective buyers who can demonstrate information of lower prices elsewhere. Attempts to demonstrate and verify such information usually constitute part of the haggling process. One often wonders, will prices consumers ultimately pay indeed be lower with such haggling? Will apparently "aggressive" price matching strategies result in lower or higher equilibrium prices? This paper deals with an environment in which information is not perfect and buyers engage in costly, sequential search.' It will be shown that, with price matching, prices ultimately charged to consumers are higher. The crucial assumption here is that buyers' marginal search cost increases with the number of searches already performed. With this assumption, the main idea driving our results is as follows. In the presence of increasing marginal search cost, price matching encourages search. Therefore, there will be more prospective buyers who will have performed a larger number of searches. Their marginal search cost will be higher on the average. Thus, firms will be able to take advantage of this and charge higher prices. But why would price matching encourage search if marginal search cost is increasing? The answer lies in that price matching implies costless recall. In sequential search models with consumers facing a known price distribution and constant marginal search cost, whether recall is costless or costly is immaterial. For then consumers' optimal strategy is a constant reservationprice strategy, implying that prices rejected earlier will never be acceptable. The desire to recall never arises, so that it does not matter to the searcher whether recall is costly or costless. In such an environment, firms do not have the incentive to offer price matching. But, as Rothschild [7] has cautioned us, the two assumptions of costly and costless recall are not always interchangeable. They are not, when marginal search cost is increasing. For then if a consumer having a price


In the liquid crystal display panel, the main and sub-pixel electrodes receive respective input data voltage through the thin film transistor as the main and sub pixel voltages. Main storage electrode is overlapped with the main pixel electrode, and receives a common voltage to a voltage level change. This causes the main pixel voltage is shifted up or down in association with the change of the common voltage. Therefore, the main pixel voltage is the side visibility of the liquid crystal display panel is improved to higher than the sub-pixel voltage. Further, the liquid crystal display panel may be by employing a liquid crystal having a dielectric anisotropy and elastic modulus ratio within a specific range, to suppress an increase in black luminance can improve the overall luminance characteristic.


By homogenization or by freezing and thawing, mu and kappa structures were liberated from the surface of Daudi cells, a Burkitt lymphoma-derived culture line. After removal of the membranes and particles by ultracentrifugation, approximately one-third of the immunoglobulin structures remained in the supernatant. By density gradient ultracentrifugation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, it was established that the supernatant contained 7S IgM molecules and free kappa chains. Also, kappa structures were in excess on the sedimented membranes as compared with mu structures. The immunoglobulins were detected and quantitated by inhibition of passive hemagglutination.


Cadmium is classified as a human carcinogen especially involved in human lung cancer. The mechanism underlying cadmium in inducing carcinogenesis is unclear yet. Angiogenesis has been considered as a fundamental requirement for tumor initiation, proliferation and metastasis. By using in vitro and in vivo models, we showed that cadmium can transform human lung epithelial cells, induce tumor growth and angiogenesis. To understand the molecular mechanism of cadmium in inducing carcinogenesis, we demonstrated that cadmium activated PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cadmium activated AKT and ERK1/2 through ROS production. Cadmium stimulated angiogenesis by activating AKT and ERK1/2, and by increasing HIF‐1 and VEGF expression. These findings reveal the role of cadmium in inducing tumor growth and angiogenesis, and provide potential underlying molecular mechanism.


The invention is disclosed a self-adhesive cable mount and a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention relates to a cable mounted to a wire bond, the bond plate with the adhesive on the bottom surface; The top surface of the adhesive plate in a given position is extended in an upper direction ceiling portion formed with the adhesive plate integrally; which may be, the binding is tie to pass therethrough to secure the wiring between, but with a, the adhesive plate and the ceiling portion provides a self-adhesive cable mount, it characterized in that a plurality of through holes formed. Cable mount adhesive, double-sided tape, tie


Scattering of antiplane shear waves (SH) in two dimensions by surface and near-surface defects in a homogeneous, isotropic elastic semi-infinite medium has been studied. Attention has been focused here in the range of medium to long wavelengths. A combined finite element and analytical technique has been used to study the problems of scattering by semi-circular and triangular canyons. The results for the former case are compared with the known exact solution and those for the latter case are compared with some available approximate solutions. Finally a problem of multiple scattering by a triangular canyon and a nearby circular tunnel is studied. Numerical results are presented showing the effects of multiple scattering and different angles of incidence. These results are of interest in earthquake engineering.


AbstractFor system identification of structures using responses comprised of contributions from multiple modes, one usually decomposes responses into individual modes prior to identifying parameter...


Ludwig feels it is essential for educators to provide students with an awareness of the history and cul ture of all the peoples of the world. He suggests a school-community conference as a first step in initi ating a global curriculum in the school.


To obtain a surface water right in the arid American West, private appropriators have been required to undertake actual physical diversion of the water. That requirement largely negates the role of private contacting to preserve or enhance water flows for recreational, wildlife and aesthetic purposes. In this paper a model is developed and used to examine the courts' rationale for denying private claims to instream flows. The ways in which such claims can be made amenable to the prior appropriation system are explored. The paper is motivated by the failure of public agencies to achieve an approximately optimal solution.


The main goal of our study is to find the optimal service rate and service price to retain customers in a 2-servers service system where customers may flow to the quicker server. In common queuing systems, the initial demand is divided into equal demands to each server. But, when customers are wait too long in a queue, they may turn to join another queue which have an impact on effective arriving rate of each queue. We study this kind of phenomenon from a queueing game theoretic point of view. We start with studying the equilibrium performances in a general M/M/2 service system where customers join a single queue. Then we extent the results to the target service system and obtain the optimal service rate and service price of the system. Some sensitivity analysis are also included in this paper.


The work focuses on the study of psychological readiness for changes and personality's maturity among the employees of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine. It is shown that readiness for changes in the reforming conditions is a psychological condition for successful professional activity and personal self-realization of the staff of the criminal and executive service. The content of the concepts of "psychological readiness" and "psychological readiness for changes" is revealed; the purposefulness of the study of personality's maturity as one of the factors of psychological readiness for changes is substantiated. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the functioning of psychological readiness for changes in the context of personal maturity of the employees of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine.
The PCRS (Personal Changes Readiness Survey) method created by A. Rolnic, S. Heather, M. Gold, C. Hull (translation and adaptation by N. A. Bazhanova and G. L. Bardier) and the questionnaire of personal maturity (O. S. Shtepa) were applied to solve empirical problems. The subjects were employees of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine, who were divided into groups according to the level of psychological readiness for changes. The first group consisted of subjects with a high level of readiness for changes, the second – with a low level.
The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the author established, for the first time, the features of psychological readiness for changes of the employees of the Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine in the context of personal maturity. It was found out that the employees of the Criminal and Executive Service with a high level of psychological readiness for changes are distinguished by the greater severity of its components, such as responsibility, depth of experience, tolerance, autonomy, self-acceptance and synergy. It was proved that the groups of the employees of the Criminal and Executive Service with different levels of psychological readiness for changes show differences in the structure of interrelationships between the components of psychological readiness for changes and the components of personal maturity. In both groups, the growth of personality maturity is accompanied by a facilitation of psychological readiness for changes. At the same time, there were almost twice as many interconnections between these phenomena in the group with high level of psychological readiness for changes, which indicated an active interaction between them in this group, in contrast to the low-level group, where this interaction was rather limited. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the subjects with different levels of psychological readiness for changes demonstrate differences both in the indicators of personal maturity and in the structure of interrelations between the components of psychological readiness for changes and personal maturity. Less distinct manifestation of a number of components of psychological readiness for changes and a certain deficiency of its interaction with personality maturity can hinder both the successful professional activity of low-level group and their optimal functioning in the personality's sense. The results obtained in the study can be used to develop programs for psychological support of the professional activities of the staff of the Criminal and Executive Service at the stage of its reformation.


The scientific analysis of the structure and level of teachers' demand is an important prerequisite for the innovation of incentives mechanism of teachers in universities.The demand of teachers in universities is characterized by the higher level,the spirit-dominated,the material provisionality and the dynamic differences.Universities should further innovate and improve the incentive mechanism of teachers in universities by innovating a new ecological college culture,respecting the academic authority,designing the flexible incentive system,meeting the predominant need and attaching importance to training.


This paper aims at the implementation of 16 bit floating point multiplier using Residue Number system. Residue Number System (RNS), which is a non-weighted number system gains popularity in the implementation of fast and parallel computing applications. It has inherent properties such as modularity, parallelism and carry free computation, which speeds up the arithmetic computations. Floating Point can be represented as M × BE where M is Mantissa, E is the Exponent and B is the base. Floating point RNS multiplier consists of RNS Exponent modulo Adder and RNS Mantissa modulo multiplier. In this paper, floating point multiplier will be implemented using Verilog HDL using ModelSim and synthesized using Altera Cyclone II Quartus and frequency of multiplier is found to be 311MHz.


Welds are currently only inspected after all the passes are complete, and after allowing sufficient time for any hydrogen cracking to develop, typically over several days. Any defects introduced between passes are therefore unreported until fully buried, greatly complicating re-work and also delaying early corrections to the weld process parameters. In-process inspection can provide early intervention but involves many challenges, including operation at high temperatures with significant gradients affecting acoustic velocities and hence beam directions. Reflections from the incomplete parts of the weld would also be flagged as lack of fusion defects, requiring the region of interest to adapt as the weld is built up. The collaborative SIMPLE (Single Manufacturing Platform Environment) project addresses these challenges by incorporating robotic inspection within a robotic TIG welding cell. This has been accomplished, initially with commercial off-the-shelf ultrasonic phased arrays, but flexibly enough to adapt to future developments with higher temperature solutions. The welding and inspection robots operate autonomously. The former can introduce deliberate defects to validate the the latter which uses 5MHz 64 element phased arrays on high temperature wedges to generate sector scans after each weld pass. Results are presented, confirming the challenges have been addressed and demonstrating the feasibility of this approach.


This study aims to produce a UT student service system design at the Distance Learning Unit (UPBJJ) by applying Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This research is a research and development using the method developed by Borg and Gall. In the first year, field studies, data analysis, and design development will be carried out. In the second year, application development and field trials were carried out. The results of the study found that the majority of respondents had access. Most respondents had no difficulty accessing THE services, TMK, online tutorials and web tutorials. The limitation of this research is that some of the available information does not match the respondent's needs and is difficult to reach. There is no problem with UPBJJ's internal management. The recommendations given are to adjust the organizational structure of the Distance Learning Unit (UPBJJ) and revise information about THE services, TMK, online tutorials, and web tutorials so that they are easily accessible and the contents can be used as guidelines for students in accessing Open University Services (UT). This research can be developed by focusing on public trust in distance learning.


Abstract The growth of environmental consciousness and federal and state environmental regulation over the past 25 years has resulted in a shift of regulatory control over land use for environmental protection purposes from local government to the federal and state governments. Local governments, however, have become environmentally conscious in exercising their traditional zoning authority over the siting of new industrial facilities, solid waste disposal sites (landfills), and hazardous waste sites. The collective federal, state, and local regulation of land use to accommodate environmental concerns is known as environmental regulation of land use. Geographic areas impacted by this new land use regulation focus are agricultural lands, wetlands, floodplains, coastal zones, and habitats for endangered species. Collectively, these areas comprise nearly the entire state of Louisiana. At the federal level, numerous laws passed since 1970 have had the effect of restricting use of land to achieve national environmental protection goals. Four of these federal laws are particularly relevant to Louisiana: the Coastal Zone Management Act, Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the National Flood Insurance Program. These laws and major federal and Louisiana environmental and use cases are discussed.


In this paper, we investigate the possible privacy and security threats to RFID systems, and consider whether previously proposed RFID protocols address these threats. We then propose a new authentication protocol which provides the identified privacy and security features and is also efficient. The new protocol resists tag information leakage, tag location tracking, replay attacks, denial of service attacks, backward traceability, forward traceability (under an assumption), and server impersonation (also under an assumption). We also show that it requires less tag-side storage and computation than other similarly structured RFID protocols.


The widely use of NAT devices proposes a challenge to P2P software.Implementing traversal for all kinds of NAT is a key factor of successful P2P application.This paper proposes the methods to implement NAT traversal for both UDP and TCP based on SIP protocol.SIP proxy is temporarily needed before the NAT traversal,and it is no longer needed after connection is established,so it is efficient.Based on various kinds of classification of NAT,the paper introduces a scheme that can realize NAT traversal of UDP by using SIP and the NAT traversal of TCP based on SIP.


kinds of reduce actions, as shown in gure 6.7. 11 That is, each rule in the S-structure grammar describes either an empty category, an adjunction structure, or simply one level of X-projection. In an analogous manner to that for type inference, if the system can deduce from the deenition of a principle that the principle never applies to, say, empty categories (i.e. have restriction set f:ecg), then the interleaver can eliminate useless polling of all empty categories (irrespective of category label). Consider again the deenition of-role-assignment | in particular, the second case (repeated in gure 6.8). This clause covers the case of a noun (optionally) assigning its external-role to its NP speciier. Since the type of this connguration is fNPg, only reduce NP actions need call this connguration. However, note that all phrases forwarded by the EC Reduce action for NP can never satisfy this connguration. For instance, in order for the second goal (NP has constituent SpecOfNP) to hold, the constituent represented by the variable NP cannot be empty. In the current system, the restriction to non-empty categories is encoded by associating a set f:ecg with the rst argument of the primitive operation has constituent. This restriction suuce to prevent this instance of-role-assignment from being called every time the parser hypothesizes an empty NP. In general, restriction sets will be deened for the arguments of linguistic prim-itives | just as for regular types. Similarly, propagation rules can be deened for the usual logical connectives. (We will omit the description of the corresponding restriction rules in this chapter. The interested reader is referred to the merged (type and restriction) deenitions given in appendix B.) The only interesting diier-ence occurs for conjunction (and disjunction) where restrictions are combined using set union (resp. intersection), rather than using intersection (resp. union) as in the case of types. Because of the similarity between types and restrictions, the same inference procedure is used for both. 6.4 Results and Conclusions In this section, we will discuss the performance of the type inference mechanism on the principles that apply at S-structure. We will also correlate type cardinality with parsing times. We will explain the correlation by reference to the interaction between the degree of error detection in the phrase structure recovery procedure and principle interleaving. More precisely, we will conclude that the eeectiveness of interleaving is dependent on the amount of \garden-pathing" done by the LR(1)-based phrase …


Clothing choice has been a way for consumers to express their individuality and the possibility to boost their self-esteem. Despite the amount of prior research conducted regarding body satisfaction and individuals clothing choices, little is known about consumers' body satisfaction and its impact on their clothing purchasing decisions. Thus, this study tries to shed light on the relationship between consumers' body satisfaction and its impact on their purchasing intentions. The objective of this study is to identify whether consumers' body satisfaction would influence their service satisfaction at retail stores when service failure of wrong size clothing recommendations has occurred. Additionally, in this study, gender differences in body satisfaction and purchasing intention is tested. The research identifies that body satisfaction to service satisfaction and service satisfaction to purchasing intention have a direct relationship with each other. Body satisfaction and purchasing intention do not have a direct relationship with each other. Notably, this study also finds that body satisfaction is higher in males but presented no gender difference in purchasing intention after the service failure.


This paper designs a new and noninvasive respiratory impedance monitoring based on forced oscillation technique,with data acquisition system taking STM32F103ZE as core control modules.Signal processing quality is crucial to the acquisition system,with pre-Σ processing realized by hardware LPF and reprocessing realized by digital software filter for eliminating signal noises.Median-Σ average algorithm has also been proposed in the paper.Effectiveness and veracity of filtering algorithm has been confirmed by experiments.


Accidental Nostalgia, Cynthia Hopkins's multimedia solo performance is part rock concert, part medical school lecture, and part travelogue. Directed by D.J. Mendel and presented at St. Anne's Warehouse in Brooktyrfas part of the Under the Radar Festival, the show follows a characterjralled Cameron Seymour, a renowned neurologist, as she journeys back in time to her hometown of Carlsonjl Georgia to find out why parts of her memory are missing. Seymour's primary research topic is the study of her own psychogenic amnesia in which huge portions! of her childhood have been erased from her memory. Her sordid history includes the death of her mother at the age of ten, an incestuous relationship with her father (whom she may have murdered), and a stint as a young runaway who supported herself by traveling the country performing song and dance numbers with her older sister. Hopkins' play reveals the influence of downtown theatre greats such as The Wooster Group and Laurie Anderson, while the alt-country musical score simultaneously evokes Hank Williams, Tom Waits, and Cat Power. The play itself, and Hopkins' remarkable performance, unravel our ideas of identity, memory, and forgiveness, while we gladly follow along on her voyage. The show opens with Hopkins (as Seymour) wearing a white suit, a long white apron, a wig, one red cowboy boot with jingle bells strapped around the ankle, and one high-heeled shoe. She is clearly in the throes of re-membering herself. Seymour's opening lecture is a celebration of her newly published book, How to Change Your Mind B A Self-Help Manual for Psychogenic Amnesiacs. She poses her thesis: How do you prove the existence of somethingllike memory that cannot be seen or touched? An image of a chair floats across the video screen suspended above her head. Lighting designer Jeff Sugg writes some words on a piece of paper which are then projected onto the screen by a live-feed video camera. The words "mother, hospital, death, travel" follow the image of the chair, and float across the screen like fragments of a memory under construction, and the audience experiences them with Seymour. She describes this process as "evocative cueing," and it occurs throughout the performance in the form of video images, choreography, and music. She hopes that cuing will excavate her past and recover her missing memories. Act I, set in Rhode Island, involves Seymours investigation of her amnesia and includes a therapy session/medical examination (executed by her set and lighting designers Jim Findlay and Jeff Sugg). Seymour, in a hypnotized state, lies face up on a medical table that raises and lowers. As Jeff asks the questions, Jim examines her with a tiny hand-held camera. The images are projected on the screen above them. JEFF: When was the first time [your father] touched you in a way you didn't like? SEYMOUR: Well I was little. I remember him holding me, on his lap and his hands were touching me and I became very upset. I tried to make myself invisible, like perfection, like snow, like the mechanism of an airplane, like the wind, like the hands of God. Invisible, untouched, weightless I remember looking over at the wallpaper and letting it fill my vision and numb my mind. Because I had, like, a circuit breaker inside my mind. And I could just flip that switch over and the little pink flowers on the wallpaper became a swarm of bees and I'd be floating in the swarm of bees above the scene that was actually taking place. (11-12) The examination reveals that the incestuous relationship with her father may be the cause of Seymour's amnesia. She determines that the best possible cues may be located in her childhood home in Carlson, Georgia, and so she embarks on a journey to confront her father and her past. Act II takes place in Seymour's childhood home. She enters the house and finds her diary, which confirms the suspected molestation by her father. The words in the diary appear on the screen written in a child's handwriting. …


It is shown that the direct method of solar activity correction for lunar XRF data produces XRF data with better statistics than uncorrected data. Direct measurements of the solar flux made by Solrad 10 are converted to emissions of the sun from two assumed temperature regions. These emissions are ratioed to produce emission measure ratios, sensitive indicators of shifts in solar activity. The Tucker-Koren model (1971) of the solar flux is used in the calculation of EMRs and in the calculation of theoretical lunar Si, Al, and Mg fluorescence of maria and highland soils. Al/Si(Mg/Si) ratios calculated at a 'normal' EMR of 0.030 are divided by Al/Si(Mg/Si) ratios at particular EMRs. The relationship between EMR and the quotients of this division, called 'correction factors', is well explained by empirically derived power law functions.


Distributed meandering waveguide based fiber optic components are introduced, categorized, and numerically analyzed in the near-infrared. The building block of all meandering waveguide components is the meandering loop mirror. The other components are the meandering resonator, meandering distributed feedback structure, symmetric and antisymmetric meandering resonator, symmetric and antisymmetric meandering distributed feedback structures giving rise to transmission spectra with Lorentzian, Rabi, Fano, coupled resonator induced transparency, and winged Lorentzian lineshapes. With this variety of spectral responses, distributed meandering waveguide fiber optic components are suitable as filters, and delay line elements in fiber optic communication, and as sensor elements in fiber optic diagnostics.


By combining a clean fuel such as gasoline with a high efficiency thermodynamic cycle (compression ignition), it is possible to demonstrate a powertrain that is clean and efficient, thus breaking the historical trade-off between decreasing CO2 and reducing criteria pollutants. The gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine is a promising technology that can be used to improve thermal efficiency while reducing emissions. Its low temperature combustion does however lead to several problems that need to be overcome. The present study relates to a method and system for combining the advantages of GCI engine technology into a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to maximize the benefits. A plausible path is to operate the GCI engine at conditions where the benefits of a GCI engine could be maximized and where an electric motor can supplement the conditions where the GCI is less beneficial. In this study, GCI engines with different cetane number (CN) fuels were selected, and a hybrid simulation tool was used to address the potential of the GCI engines into hybrid electric vehicles. Co-developments can demonstrate efficiency and emission solutions through the achievements of the study, which will address examples of the competitive powertrain and will introduce more than 30% of CO2 reduction vehicle by 2030.


Eleven patients with liver cirrhosis and operative portacaval shunts have been followed clinically and by automatic period analysis of the EEG to study the effects of lactulose on the cerebral manifestations of liver disease. In three patients disturbances of consciousness of hepatic coma character were relieved, manifested by an increase of the dominant EEG frequency and a shift in the frequency spectrum towards normal. The improvement was evident within two to five days and was maintained for two days after withdrawal. Eight patients with varying degrees of intellectual impairment, but without disturbances of consciousness, did not improve and the EEG analysis was unchanged except in one with a subnormal dominant frequency. Thus patients with hepatic encephalopathy manifested by disturbances of consciousness and reduction in the dominant EEG frequency responded to lactulose therapy.


Triggered by the need for arrays of individually resolvable excitation foci or trapping potentials in photonics applications, coherent lattice theory describes a unique approach to design structured interference patterns. Typically, large periodicity lattices remain unexplored due to limitations in the theoretical description. Here, we present a method for efficient computation of coherent lattices, successfully covering all periodic and quasi-periodic lattices. The previously unrelated moire theory and prime number factorization are the foundation of the proposed method. Additionally, we experimentally verify key optical coherent lattices and propose broadening their applicability towards structured light microscopy and optical trapping using photonic integrated circuits.


number of primary-source citations to publications of the day which should be invaluable to scholars researching the subject. The discussion of other current scholarly works recommended above (possibly covered in the author's next volumes, which are unavailable to this reviewer) would allow the thoughtful analyses and arguments in this volume to be compared and evaluated more easily in relation to those in other current literature.


This paper proposes two different electric-continuously variable transmission (EVT) configurations for a typical hybrid electric bus (HEB). The two proposed configurations are the Output-split Configuration with Dual Planetary gearsets (OCDP) and the Input-split Configuration with Single Planetary gearset equipped with a Clutch (C-ICSP), respectively. Then the power performance and efficiency of the two configurations are analyzed and compared based on the lever analogy. The analysis indicates the OCDP cannot apply for the HEB because the motor speed exceeds the reasonable range, because the efficiency in high-speed area is low. Only the C-ICSP has good applicability to the HEB.


Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides an essential bridge between our knowledge of adult human brain function and our current understanding of the developing brain. The capacity for fNIRS to provide localized measures of functional activation within awake and mobile infants, combined with a low set-up time and high tolerance to movement, far outweigh the limitations of fNIRS. To date, fNIRS has been applied to the study of object processing, social cognition, language, attention, learning and memory, functional connectivity, and recently to social and affective touch. Furthermore, it has been adopted by researchers targeting specific developmental populations including developmental disorders, cochlear implants and hearing loss, prematurity, and global health environmental and psychosocial risk factors. As fNIRS research continues to rapidly expand, it is paramount that the interpretation of, and subsequent claims arising from, fNIRS data are informed by a clear understanding of the complexities of fNIRS measurements.


AIM
We address issues and challenges in nursing in Sri Lanka with the aim of identifying where and how policy changes need to be made.

BACKGROUND
Increased global interconnectivity calls for professional leadership, research, education, and policy reform in nursing as these are identified as enhancing health workforce performance and professionalization, thereby improving health systems.

SOURCES OF EVIDENCE
We draw on first-hand knowledge of health care and nursing in Sri Lanka and a recent survey of nurses at a large urban government hospital in Sri Lanka, followed by discussion and proposed action on themes identified through analysis of published and unpublished literature about the nursing profession.

DISCUSSION
Policy and action are needed to: (a) establish mandatory nurse licensure in the public and private healthcare sectors; (b) implement realistic policies to further develop nursing education; (c) develop a professionalization process to support nursing autonomy and voice; and (d) promote systematic processes for educational accreditation, curriculum revision, continuing professional development, evidence-based practice, research, leadership, and information systems.

CONCLUSION
There is a policy vacuum that requires careful analysis and strategic planning by formal nurse leaders.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY
Implementing change will require political and professional power and strategic, innovative, and evolutionary policy initiatives as well as organizational infrastructure modifications best achieved through committed multidisciplinary collaboration, augmented research capacity, bolstered nursing leadership, and promotion of partnerships with policy makers.


Americans have long had an affinity for the figure of the outsider. American culture is full of romanticized heroes who live on the margins of civilization or who manage to recognize and reject the superficial trappings of a restrictive and hypocritical culture. Examples can be found in real-life American heroes and outlaws like Henry David Thoreau and Jesse James or in fictional creations ranging from Natty Bumpo to Tony Soprano. In light of these real and fictional American heroes, it has become a commonplace-perhaps even a cliche'-to read American culture as an ongoing battle between the "individual" and "society." America's heroic individuals, however, are rarely just individuals: rather, they tend to embody a key feature of the traditional American ideology. Richard Rodriguez discusses this idea in relation to one of our most famous American outlaws: Huckleberry Finn. Calling Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn "our greatest book about ourselves," Rodriguez asserts that "as Americans, we must root for Huck" in his struggle to resist the sanitizing effects of education and civilization (225-26). Indeed, if Huck were to become civilized, it seems, he would also become deindividualized. All of the things that make Huck Huck (his language, his internal moral compass, his refusal to wear shoes) would be wiped away by the civilizing effects of society. Somewhat paradoxically, however, in his individuality Huck also represents all Americans. Rodriguez, again, makes the point well: "The belief we share in common as Americans is the belief that we are separate from one another" (223).It is no coincidence that Huck's creator, Mark Twain, is today viewed as America's preeminent humorist (the John F. Kennedy Center annually awards the "Mark Twain Prize for American Humor") and is often cited as America's first stand-up comedian.1 The image of the stand-up comic-alone and often speaking in a language that is "inappropriate" or "uncivilized"-shares quite a bit with Huck. In particular, our most iconic stand-ups-figures like Lenny Bruce, Richard Pryor, or George Carlin-can be seen as twentieth-century avatars of Huck Finn, challenging social norms and refusing to succumb to the sanitizing effects of civilization. This vision of the stand-up comedian has prompted David Marc to assert that in an age of assembly-line cultural productions like the television sitcom, stand-up comedy "is a surviving bastion of individual expression" (10). But like Huck, the stand-up is not simply a lone individual but is also often a stand -in for his or her community. As Lawrence Mintz states, the stand-up comedian "can become our comic spokesman... he serves as a shaman, leading us in a celebration of a community of shared culture, of homogenous understanding and expectation" (196-97).This seeming contradiction reveals the role that stand-up comedy-as both an art form and a mass-mediated commodity-plays in contemporary America. American stand-up resonates not --only with the classic model of the "individual vs. society" but also with more contemporary conversations about "identity politics." The stand-up performance, which always entails an individual performer speaking directly to a group, dramatizes an ongoing struggle between individuality and collectivity. While some stand-ups may position themselves as spokespersons for "everybody" or for the entire nation (even as they claim individuality), most stand-ups also represent the point-of-view of a particular demographic defined by race, gender, class, or sexual orientation. The best comedians also challenge or subvert subcultural norms and expectations. The art of American stand-up is thus a constant negotiation between individual expression and group interest. The stand-up comedian continuously vacillates between the role of community spokesperson, reinforcing values that are already taken for granted by a culture or subculture, and that of the outsider, critiquing and challenging dominant ideology. …


A method is proposed to help a user manipulate an object in a virtual environment. The method does not give special properties to the object in advance, and does not use special hardware. Instead, it uses only visual constraints among object features that are dynamically selected while the user manipulates the object. It uses face-to-face, edge-to-face, and vertex-to-face constraints; therefore, it provides a natural and intuitive environment for virtual object manipulation that replicates the task in a real environment. The constraint is transferred with a smooth motion. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this method in providing the user with a natural impression of motion in a virtual environment equipped with 3-D/6-D input devices and a conventional graphic workstation to finish all procedures within the cycle time of the human perceptual processor for objects with complicated shapes.


The invention discloses a system for continuously preparing activated clay. The system comprises a slurrying system, an activation system, an acid distribution system, a rinsing system, a filter pressing system, a drying system, a milling system and a waste acid treatment system, wherein the slurrying system, the activation system, the acid distribution system, the rinsing system, the filter pressing system, the drying system and the milling system are sequentially arranged in a stepped manner from up to down; the waste acid treatment system and the filter pressing system are arranged in the same step; the drying system comprises a hot-blast stove and a drying kiln; two ends of the drying kiln are respectively provided with a charging end and a discharging end; the hot-blast stove is arranged at the discharging end of the drying kiln; an air blower which is used for blowing hot air into the drying kiln is arranged at the discharging end, or a draught fan is arranged at the charging end of the drying kiln; and the conveying direction of a material in the drying kiln is opposite to the conveying direction of the hot air. According to the system, the environment pollution is reduced to a great extent in a continuous and mechanical manner. The flowing dust pollution and the emission of waste acid and boiling water are eliminated almost. The system is an industrial production system capable of realizing the recycling economy.


Environmental Kuznets Curve is one of the important indicators to measure environmental pollution and economic growth. This paper USES panel data of environment and economy of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China to analyse the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. The results have showed that the relationship between waste water and economic growth is "inverted U-shape", and the inflection point is about 27,000 ¥ per capita income, but the relationship between exhaust gas and economic growth is also "inverted U-shape", and the inflection point is about 88,000 ¥ per capita income. It shows that China's waste water treatment is early and the technology is mature, but the exhaust gas treatment still needs to be strengthened.


During February-August 1994 in India 195 women aged 20-40 years reported to the outdoor clinic of Government Medical College in Chandigarh requesting termination of a first-trimester pregnancy. Obstetrician-gynecologists studied data on these women to examine the reasons why they refused to undergo laparoscopic sterilization. All of the women had at least 2 children with the eldest child being no older than 5 years. The leading reason for not opting for female sterilization was a desire to have one more child (79.5%). 62% of women who wanted another child wanted a son. The proportion of women who wanted a son decreased as the number of existing sons increased (100% of women with no son; 62% of women with 1 son; 49% of women with 2 sons; 33% of women with 3 sons). Other key reasons for not undergoing female sterilization were fear of surgery (62%) and opposition of husband (51.3%) or mother-in-law (48.7%). Most women provided more than one reason for not wanting to undergo the procedure. 96 women had undergone at least one other induced abortion. They were more likely than those who had undergone the index induced abortion to report the following reasons for not undergoing female sterilization: fear of surgery husbands opposition insecurity about living children decision to postpone till a later time continued child sickness no need and religious reasons. More than 50% of the women had no more than a secondary education. These findings suggest that demographic and socioeconomic factors influence nonacceptance of female sterilization.


Purpose: In most neonatal intensive care units, echocardiography is performed at the bedside. The lack of closure of interatrial communications (IACs) in the oval fossa can affect mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to establish the rate of spontaneous closure of IACs diagnosed in the neonatal period and predict the need for subsequent evaluation according to various factors, including defect size and shape. Methods: The study group comprised 1,242 newborns admitted between March 2017 and December 2020. We judged the closure of the IACs and evaluated the risk factors of each. Patients were classified into the absence or presence of IACs. The morphology of the IACs was classified into atrial septal defects, patent foramen ovale, and multiple holes. Results: A total of 317 patients (131 female, 186 male) were enrolled in the study, and the average defect size was 3.0±1.0 mm. An overall spontaneous closure rate of 89.9% was observed during an average follow-up interval of 5.1±1.1 months. When multiple Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for spontaneous closure, initial defect size was a significant factor. The optimal cut-off value for predicting spontaneous closure of the IAC was 3.05 mm, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.625 (95% confidence interval, 0.520 to 0.729). Preterm infants had a larger defect size corrected for birth weight and a higher closure rate than term infants. Conclusion: Other than large defect size, no factors delayed spontaneous closure. When defects in the oval fossa measure ≤3 mm, most patients experience spon-taneous closure by 7 months of age.


Yield is stagnating at world level in developed countries and in developing countries, under irrigation or rainfed conditions. Analysis of yield results from economic optimization by farmers under existing technical and/or economic factors is a tool to help clarify the issues cotton research has to address in order to modify the current yield stagnation. In a limited number of countries, actual yields are close to potential yields. Cotton research has then to cope with the increase of potential yields, in particular, through better exploitation of favourable interactions between genotypes and technical practices. However, in many countries, actual yield is still far from potential ones. Cotton research has then to reduce this gap. This paper emphasizes the role social scientists should play in clarifying the reasons for this gap. Reluctance of many cotton producers to use costly inputs is also underlined. Promoting more efficient use of inputs is, therefore, a challenge to be addressed, giving rationale to studies to assess, for instance, the mechanism of cotton response to input use.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to find out more about what hospitality and tourism educators think about grading to add to the dialog about this subject that is relevant to both instructors and their students. A survey was completed by 118 educators from around the world to learn about instructors' perceptions of grading practices. Those sampled used predominantly absolute grading based on criteria and the letter system grading in the format of A, B, C, and D. Respondents viewed education as a continuing process of improvement, perceived that grading primarily provides information about student performance, and placed importance on papers and other written assignments when assigning grades in courses. Themes identified in the study included: assigning and grading a variety of items to measure student performance, using portfolios of student work, and providing meaningful feedback regarding academic performance. Based on the findings, suggestions for improving grading practices are provided.


Tourism provides an important livelihood source in many areas in Northern Norway, mainly through small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As with SMEs in other industries and areas, they depend on other businesses and networks. To analyse tourism destination development in light of the tourism industry's view of the drivers of tourism, semi-structured interviews were conducted with tourism and hospitality SME representatives in the Northern Norwegian areas of Senja and Vesterålen. The interviewees in each location noted that the main driver of tourism in their location is a single operator (one for each location). Each of those two operators states that they are highly weather-dependent. Climate change is likely to affect the weather, impacting those operations detrimentally. Thus, the industry does not perceive itself to be particularly weather-dependent, yet weather and climate change may affect it indirectly. A gap is revealed between the actual impacts of weather and climate change on the SMEs and their perceptions of the impacts. That gap could be reduced through increased collaboration of tourism authorities with the SMEs, especially regarding destination development, to help decrease the impacts of weather and climate change. As part of that, improved strategic planning would reduce the dependence of the industry in these locations on just two operators that are highly weather-sensitive.


Nowadays, many companies have discovered the email marketing as a new way of communication and spreading their content to their customers. These companies use their own mailing systems or rely on web service for sending email marketing campaigns as Acumbamail. The obtained results in these campaigns can be tracked through web platforms, opening percentage, number of visited links, and so on. These statistics can be improved by simple techniques used to capture the users attention from email subjects, including or avoiding certain words. This project develops a tool for predicting opening rate in email marketing campaigns, from campaign statistics belonging to Acumbamail platform users without collecting any personal data. These predictions can be obtained through the web service developed specifically for this project, using the decision tree that has been trained with the collected data from Acumbamail campaigns, which would improve the success rate.


The invention provides a feeding device for wood-plastic production. Driving shafts drive eccentric wheels to conduct rotating and downward pressing anticlockwise; reset springs are compressed; a moving opening is downwards moved to get close to a material collecting groove to the maximum degree; and the phenomenon that the moving opening in a discharging channel is too far away from the material collecting groove, consequently, materials are sprayed out of the material collecting groove, and waste is caused is avoided. Meanwhile, a clamping rod is arranged on an eccentric wheel. The upper portion of the clamping rod is sleeved with a clamping spring. Clamping pieces are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the clamping spring respectively. Meanwhile, a second fixing shaft penetrating the clamping pieces is arranged in a matched manner. One ends of the clamping pieces are fixedly arranged on fixed openings. The ends, arranged on the second fixing shaft in a sleeving manner, of the movable clamping pieces in the clamping pieces can rotate in the horizontal direction of the second fixing shaft and deflect to a certain extent. The movable clamping pieces are provided with extending parts. The extending parts are in friction with one ends of the fixed clamping pieces, and the movable clamping pieces are fixed. According to the feeding device for wood-plastic production, stepless descending of a discharging pipe can be achieved, automatic locking can be achieved, unlocking is convenient, and operation is simple.


Various ideas on how the universe appeared and develops, were in Indian
 tradition related to mythic, religious, or philosophical ideas and contexts,
 and developed during some 3.000 years - from the time of Vedas, to Puranas.
 Conserning its appeareance, two main ideas were presented. In one concept it
 appeared out of itself (auto-generated), and gods were among the first to
 appear in the cosmic sequences. In the other, it was a kind of divine
 creation, with hard work (like the dismembering of the primal Purusha), or as
 emanation of divine dance. Indian tradition had also various critiques of
 mythic and religious concepts (from the 8th c. BC, to the 6c.), who favoured
 naturalistic and materialistic explanations, and concepts, in their cosmogony
 and cosmology. One the peculiarities was that indian cosmogony and cosmology
 includes great time spans, since they used a digit system which was later (in
 the 13th c.) introduced to Europe by Fibonacci (Leonardo of Pisa, 1170-1240).


THIS paper is based oll the examination of the medical history sheets of 1,25:3 cardio-vascular cases admitted to the Royal Victoria Hospital from 1924 till 1928, and in 1932. They are classified under the following headings 1. Congenital. 2. Infective, which is subdivided iInto (a) Rheumatic.


Petty officials are the bottom of the official circle in ancient China. They are oppressed and have little freedom. The petty official poetry in The Book of Songs;starts from petty officials' working environment and social status so as to truly reflect their living state and then analyzes their emotion world. The emotions such as complaining the hard work,bewailing their unfair fate,criticizing hierarchical difference and expressing their intense inner conflicts are reflected in the poetry of petty officials.


Trust is the most important key issue for Mobile P2P(MP2P) networks security.As the MP2P networks and the P2P networks environments are fundamentally different,the existing trust models for P2P networks are not suitable for MP2P networks.In view of this,a dynamic secure trust model for MP2P networks(DSTM-MP2P) is proposed.DSTM-MP2P is comprised of two schemes.One is node type-identifying mechanism based on node behavior under the situation of the known or part of the known trust information of the nodes.And the other is node probability selection strategy based on Bayesian game under the situation of the unknown trust information of the nodes.The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that whatever MP2P network environment is,a request node under the direction of the DSTM-MP2P model is always first to connect the safe and reliable nodes,which greatly increases the downloading success rate.


Aim: To examine the associations between sucrose intake in coke and the prevalence of root or coronal caries in teenagers. Methods: Crossectional survey design was used to achieve the aim of the study. Participants with the age ranging from 13 to 19 years were recruited using consecutive sampling technique. 60 participants were recruited in the study who take coke as carbonated drink regularly. Results: The results revealed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of teeth with root caries or restoration in terms of levels of intake of sucrose in coke (X2=6.205, P=.045). Teeth with root caries or restoration were found higher among participants with medium sucrose intake in the form of coke (58.33%). Teeth with coronal caries or restoration were found higher among participants with high sucrose intake in the form of coke (66.66%). Conclusion: A significant positive relationship was observed between sucrose intake in coke and the number of coronal or root caries lesions in teenagers Keywords: Root caries, Coronal caries, Sucrose intake, Coke


Abstract Bis(5-alkoxytropolonato) metallomesogens showed mesogenic properties when the central metal ion was a copper whereas the corresponding zinc complex was not mesogenic. The X-ray diffraction study indicated the mesophases were a smectic B phase and a higher ordered phase such as a crystal B or a smectic G phase.


HrpN gene was placed under the control of AOX1 promoter in a Pichia expression vector pPIC6αA. Through electroporation transformation of X-33 Pichia and Blasticidin selection, a strain of Pichia pastoris capable of secreting harpin_(Ea) into the medium at high level was obtained. After initially purified, SDS-PAGE analysis of the expression products indicated that harpin_(Ea) was secreted at high level when the Pichia pastoris expression clone had been induced for 96 hours. The results of bioassay showed that the recombinant harpin_(Ea) had the ability of eliciting hypersensitive response in tobacco. The activity of this harpin_(Ea) is higher than that of harpin_(Ea) expressed in Escherichia coli.