Multilayer passivation film on OLED with organic/inorganic hybrid structure as to diminish the thermal stress and expansion was researched to protect device from the direct damage of O 2 and H 2 O and improve life time characteristics. Red OLED doped with 1 vol.% Rubrene in Alq 3 was used as a basic device. The films consist of ITO(150 nm)/ELM200_HIL(50 nm)/ELM002_HTL(30 nm)/ Alq 3 : 1 vol.% Rubrene(30 nm)/Alq 3 (30 nm) and LiF(0.7 nm)/Al(100 nm) which were formed in that order. Using LiF/SiN x as a buffer layer was determined because it significantly improved life time characteristics without suffering damage in the process of forming passivation film. Multilayer passivation film on buffer layer didn"t produce much change in current efficiency, while the half life time at 1,000 cd/㎡ of OLED/LiF/SiN x /E1/SiN x was 710 hours which showed about 1.5 times longer than OLED/LiF/SiN x /E1 with 498 hours. futhermore, OLED/LiF/SiN x /E1/SiN x /E1/SiN x with 1301 hours showed about twice than OLED/LiF/SiN x /E1/SiN x which demonstrated that superior characteristics of life time was obtained in multilayer passivation film. Through the above result, it was suggested using LiF/SiN x as a buffer layer could reduce the damage from the difference of thermal expansion coefficient in OLED with protective films, and epoxy layer in multilayer passivation film could function like a buffer between SiN x inorganic layers with relatively large thermal stress.


The Reserve Study analyzes repair and replacement needs like roofing and painting and provides a funding plan for accumulating money to perform this work when its needed. The Reserve Study is based on visual observations as opposed to forensic or destructive testing (opening up structural systems to see what's inside). The Reserve Study assumes that regular and adequate maintenance is being done to prevent premature repairs or replacements.


The present invention relates to a wireless access system, and more specifically to a method for efficiently performing a cell reselection and an apparatus for performing the same when a terminal fails in a random access. The method for enabling user equipment to reselect cells in the wireless access system according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: starting a random access procedure for a first cell selected according to a first condition; and performing a cell reselection procedure according to a second condition if the random access procedure is not successfully completed before a timer set from the starting step expires.


Form of art time in the Khakas poem are described in the work. In the conrse of analysis chronicle and every day life, broken and present forms are traditional structure of the poem the author reveals an individual teature in the construction of art text in M. Bainov's person. The роеm of the way is analysed in four-phase model of plot organization of the text: setlings apart, partnership, liminary one and transformation.


The article presents the results of the researches related to the way of obtaining the nutrient supplements for the sportsmen, as an effort-supportive formula, based on natural ingredients, non-contaminated with substances that could harm the health and the elaboration of the methodologies for discovering and quantifying the forbidden substances in order to test these supplements through specific techniques. Therefore we present, first of all, some of the most important economic and social benefits got after making many researches that could improve the sportsmen's nourishment, when they are making the maximum effort during both their training and the specific sports competitions but also during the recovering periods. Thus, we have made a documentary presentation for defining the conceptual and operating frame-work relating to the nutrient supplements, their influence and importance in the sportsmen's nourishment, the general and special classification of the nutrient supplements as well as some possibilities to influence the nutritive value of this kind of food. Last but not least, we are taking into consideration those characteristics that define the innocuity of the nutrient supplements and make them safe for being consumed.


As part of ongoing research on natural products derived from medicinal plants for enzyme inhibition, known dibenzoyl derivatives (1–3, 11 and 20), pterocarpans (4, 15 and 19), flavanones (5, 7, 10, 12–14, 18, 21–24, 26, 27, 29, 31–33, 35, 36, and 38–46), flavones (6, 16, 28, 30 and 37), isoflavones (8 and 17), furocoumarins (9), and chalcones (25 and 34) have been tentatively identified within fractions of Sophora flavescens roots (SFR) using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTof-MS) technique. The extract and column fractions inhibited indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs) differently depending on the metabolite groups. The majority of rich fractions were shown to have residual activities of 49–59% at 10 μg/mL (IDO) and 11.7–34.9% at 50 μg/mL (MAOs) or below. In the total ion current (TIC) chromatogram, significant markers for the metabolites of the bioactive-guided fractions were identified; pterocarpans (4, 15 and 19), flavanones (5, 10, 12–14, 18, 21–23, 26, 29 31–33, 35, 36, and 38–46), isoflavones (8 and 17), furocoumarins (9), dibenzoyl derivatives (11 and 20), flavones (16, 28, 30 and 37), and chalcones (25 and 34) were evaluated among forty-six analyzed metabolites. Possible bioactive markers could be deduced using a data library and previous references, and information regarding spectroscopic characterization and optimal target metabolites was obtained.


A press-moulded article (10) which includes: a body section (11) that has a first end section (11a) and a second end section (11b) respectively at both ends thereof; and a protruding section (12) which projects from a curved section of the body section (11) and at the curve outer side. A groove section (15) in a region at the first end section (11a) side from the root of the protruding section (12) is provided on the surface of a top plate section (13a) of the body section (11). A first longitudinal wall section (14a) which extends from the first end section (11a) of the body section (11) to the protruding section (12) has a corner section (16) which links the body section (11) and the protruding section (12). The angle formed by a portion from the corner section (16) towards the body section (11) and a portion from the corner section (16) towards the protruding part (12) is an acute angle. A method for manufacturing the press-moulded article (10) includes: a first step in which the first longitudinal wall section (14a) is further moulded without moulding the shape of the groove section (15) within the surface shape of the top plate section (13a); and a second step in which the shape of the groove section (15) is moulded within the surface shape of the top plate section (13a).


Aims: To determine the relationship of prolactin (PL) levels with the frequency of anemia and the level of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD VD stage.Material and methods: A prospective cohort study included 55 patients with CKD VD stage with anemia. Serum prolactin levels were determined in all patients.Results and discussion: 24 patients (44%) had normal levels of PL, and 31 (56%) patients had elevated levels of PL. It was determined that PL had a negative correlation with hemoglobin level (r = -0.42; p = 0.01), as well as a negative correlation with albumin level (r = -0.38; p = 0.02). The frequency of cardiovascular events after 12 months. In patients with elevated levels of PL was significantly higher than in patients with normal levels of PL: 17 events (55%) vs 4 events (17%) (χ2 8.4, p = 0.004).Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in our study was 56%. Elevated levels of PL are associated with lower levels of hemoglobin, lower levels of albumin and an increased frequency of cardiovascular events.


More and more state agencies are requiring development to retain the first inch of runoff from impervious coverage and release this runoff only through evaporation and/or infiltration. This regulation, though justifiable, is extremely difficult to comply with in many coastal regions due to the areas' physical characteristics. These characteristics have severe design impacts due to the extremely high ground water tables, highly impervious soil conditions, extremely flat topography and minute evaporation rates. These obstacles compounded with the current lack of remedies for retention must be addressed and answered in the immediate future. The need is urgent because coastal areas are rapidly becoming the most sought after land in the United States and this same ecology is also the most susceptible to destruction.


To the Editor: An 84-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with 5 erythematous cutaneous nodules of several days' duration on the legs ranging in size from 1.0 to 1.5 cm. Upon admission, the patient also had a chest radiograph suspicious for pneumonia. The patient had received sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim for a urinary tract infection as an outpatient 5 days prior to presentation, but he stopped the medication due to the appearance of the cutaneous nodules. Of note, the patient also reported unintentional weight loss of 15 pounds over the last few months. New nodules had developed at a rate of 1 to 2 lesions daily in the 3 days prior to presentation and continued to develop after admission to the hospital. The nodules appeared as tender, erythematous lesions that evolved to form pustules and developed overlying crusts in later stages (Figure 1). They were limited to the arms and legs, primarily involving the lower legs. There was no evidence of oral or ocular involvement. A hemoglobin count of 10.9 g/dL (reference range, 14.0–17.5 g/dL), white blood cell count of 8.8×109/L (reference range, 4.5–11.0×109/L), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 69 mm/h (reference range, 0–20 mm/h) were noted on admission. The patient was started on ceftriaxone and azithromycin for suspected pneumonia. The differential diagnosis Sweet Syndrome With Aseptic Splenic Abscesses and Multiple Myeloma


Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Euphorbiaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of many disease conditions in Nigeria. So far, no safety studies have been carried out with this plant. This study attempts to determine the phytochemical constituents of the plants leaf extract as well as examination of its effect on some liver enzymes. Results show no significant difference (p>0.05) between the control and the Cnidoscolus aconitifolius administered rats (at doses of 100, 300, 500 and 800mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks) with respect to the changes in body weight as well as in the liver enzymes analyzed in serum. The non-toxic effect of the aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts were also confirmed by histological studies. Phytochemical investigation of both the (dry) aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius shows the presence alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannin, saponin and phenols. Phlobatannin and saponin were found in appreciable amounts in the aqueous extract than the ethanolic extract. While cardiac glycosides were only positive and present in the aqueous extract only. The ethanolic extract was found to contain flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, terpenes. These were not found in the aqueous extract. From this study, it may be concluded that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius showed absence of cumulative toxicity as reflected by the non-significant changes in the parameters studied as well as from the results of the histological investigation.


It is usual to quote the Carracci family, in XVI Century Italy, as the first ones to formalize what is called caricature. Based on this data, the aim of this paper is to set the key features of this genre as well as explore its ancient origins. First, carrying out a reflection on fundamental graphic humor issues as form and publication; this necessary dissemination was not done in the caricature portraits of the Baroque times, and this would delay this genre birth time to the emergence of the XIX century periodical press and place Honore Daumier as its foundations tone figure. Second and last, making an archaeological research of some remote past pieces that can be considered as caricature or cartoon, if this assumption is confirmed, that will lead to a much older antiquity of its first works.


The manageability, security, privacy protection, and traceability of
networks can be supported by extending the DHCPv6 protocol according
to requirements. This document provides a survey of current extension
practices and typical DHCP server software on extensions, defines a
DHCPv6 general model, discusses some extension points, and presents
extension cases.


In this paper, a dual-band printed slot antenna for 5G wireless communication application is presented The proposed antenna is of size of 10 × 10 mm2 and is printed on a 0.762 mm-thick Neltec NH9320 substrate with dielectric constant of εr = 3.2 and loss tangent tanδ=0.0024. The design consists of an elliptical slot with a semicircular and a triangular sector radiating patch. The simulated result implies that the designed antenna has dual-band at 30.5 and 41.5 GHz which has a bandwidth 1.5 GHz each. The simulated radiation patterns show that the antenna is directional.


Ensuring hardware and software correctness increasingly relies on the use of symbolic logic solvers, in particular for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). However, building efficient and correct SMT solvers is difficult: even state-of-the-art solvers disagree on instance satisfiability. This work presents a system for witnessing unsatisfiability of instances of NP problems, commonly appearing in verification, in a way that is natural to SMT solving. Our implementation of the system seems to often result in significantly smaller witnesses, lower solving overhead, and faster checking time in comparison to existing proof formats that can serve a similar purpose.


E. Shaw reported that a series of synthetic arginine peptides, the terminal COOH of which was replaced with a chloromethylketone, were found to irreversibly inhibit thrombin, kallikrein, factor Xa and urokinase. Satisfactory selectivity and high reaction velocity were observed at very low inhibitor concentrations, such as 10_8M. S. Okamoto summarized his recent results on the OM series of synthetic thrombin inhibitors, No 407 (dimethoxynaph-thalene-sulfonyl-L-arginine-N-methoxyl-glycine) was noted to be more selective (I50 for thrombin was 0.3 pM, while I50 for pseudocholinesterase was 1000 pM) and less toxic than the previous ones (i.p. LD 50 for mice was 900 mg/kg). However, No 700 (methyl-quinoline-sulfonyl-L-arginine-ethyl-piperidine-amide) was recommended for animal exper iments because of its advanced properties. Effect of No 700 (20 mg/kg) given per os to dogs was not excellent, but enough to maintain the antithrombin state of the plasma for a few hours.


Raman scattering has been used as material characterizations such as crystal orientation, imperfections, structural and compositional disorders, carrier concentration, and even mobility. In particular, specific applications for the study of alloy composition in GaAlAs and GaA1P; for GaAlAs-GaAs superlattice; and for laser annealing of ion-implanted amorphous Si and GaAs; will be presented in detail. Two examples on the determination of carrier concentrations; for polar crystals such as GaAs; and for non-polar crystals such as Si, are also presented.


Amblyopia is a visual disorder caused by poorly coordinated binocular input during development. Little is 28 known about the impact of amblyopia on the white matter within the visual system. We studied the 29 properties of six major visual white-matter pathways in a group of adults with amblyopia (n = 10) and 30 matched controls (n = 10) using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and fiber tractography. While we 31 did not find significant differences in diffusion properties in cortico-cortical pathways, patients with 32 amblyopia exhibited increased mean diffusivity in thalamo-cortical visual pathways. These findings sug33 gest that amblyopia may systematically alter the white matter properties of early visual pathways.


There are simplistic tendency and "plateau phenomenon" in psychological education which requires close attention. The knowledge concept and teaching concept raised by constructivism cognitive flexibility theory is good to understanding the teaching of psychological education courses, the teaching strategies of supporting unwell-structured advanced knowledge it raises provide an effective way for complex understanding of definition and knowledge transfer, that is, interactive learning and context learning.


We study information diffusion modeled by epidemic models on a class of growing preferential attachment networks. We show through a thorough simulation study that there is a fundamental difference in the nature of the epidemic process on growing temporal networks in comparison to the same process on static networks. The empirical distribution of the epidemic lifetime on growing networks has a considerably heavier, and possibly infinite, tail. Furthermore, the notion of the epidemic threshold has only minor significance in this context, since network growth reduces the critical value of the corresponding static graph.


The classical Hamiltonian for a chargeless and massless particle in a very near horizon region is shown to be of the form $H\sim xp$ as long as radial motion is concerned. This is demonstrated explicitly for static spherically symmetric black hole and also found to be applicable for specific choice of radial trajectories in the Kerr case. Such feature of horizon leads to unavoidable "{\it local instability}" in the particle's radial motion as long as near horizon regime is concerned. We show that at the quantum level this provides thermality in the system. The temperature is found to be given by the Hawking expression. Finally, we conjecture that the automatic instability created by the horizon is responsible for its own temperature and consequently can be a possible physical mechanism for horizon temperature.


Agro-eco-system is a large natural-social-economical complex system under the control of human beings,then establishing scientific and handy evaluation methods is a main step in the processes of regulation and policy decision to agro-eco-system. Based on summaring the research experiences from scientists in and out the country,theory, principles and methods of agro-eco-system assessment were summed up.


A single event upset (SEU) is a change of state which is caused by a high-energy particle striking to a sensitive node in semiconductor devices. An SEU in an integrated circuit (IC) component often causes a false behavior of a computer system, or a soft error. A soft error rate (SER) is the rate at which a device or system encounters or is predicted to encounter soft errors during a certain time. An SER is often utilized as a metric for vulnerability of an IC component.


The aim of this study is to examine the effect of primary school students' writing ergonomics on their handwriting legibility. Data was collected with the convenience sampling method in this study, conducted with the survey model as one of the quantitative research methods. The study sample consisted of 450 primary school students studying in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of public schools in the city centre of Konya, Türkiye. The "Writing Process Observation Form" was used to determine the preferences of the students for writing ergonomics. In order to determine the handwriting legibility of the students, they were given a dictation activity, upon which their writings were analysed according to the "Multidimensional Legibility Scale". The t-test and ANOVA were used for analysing the data collected in the present study, as a result of which the handwriting legibility of female students turned out to be better than that of male students, and besides that, a statistical significance was found in terms of the grade level variable. As a conclusion, first and fourth grade students appeared to write more legibly than third grade students, and the right-handed students were found to write more legibly than the left-handed ones. However, the writing ergonomics of the students (i.e., notebook/paper positions, pencil gripping styles and pencil gripping point) seemed to have no significant impact on the legibility of the writing.


In the modern corporate world, for the human resource departments, the Resources Management and Sustainable Development have got the important place and role to play. The Theory and Modeling for these important ingredients of the successful policy makers in the state and the Business world have been presented in the analytical form. Modeling of the Sustainable Development in terms of Earth System, and the Level and Nature of Sustainable Development has been technically discussed. The Requisites of the Resources Management and Sustainable Development have also been described.


The containment control problem of second-order multi-agent systems in sampled-data setting is investigated in this paper. Based on $M$-matrix theory and the properties of the product of infinite matrices, we first transform the containment control problem into an asymptotically stabilization problem, which is equivalent to designing a Schur polynomial with complex coefficients. Then, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition by performing a bilinear transformation between Schur polynomials and Hurwitz polynomials with complex coefficients. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical findings.


Objective
To observe the effects of modified colonic irrigation using a disposable catheter in patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction.

Methods
A total of 76 patients with cervicothoracic spinal cord injury admitted to the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 1st, 2017 to March 31st, 2018 were divided into groups according to the admission ward by convenience sampling method. The patients in ward Ⅱ were assigned as the observation group (n=38) , and the patients in wardⅠ were assigned as the control group (n=38) . After complaining of abdominal distension, the patients in the observation group were injected with glycerin by inserting 50 ml disposable urethral syringe, and deep enema by inserting about 30 cm. The patients in the control group were given direct enema with glycerin 7 cm to 10 cm deep. The changes of abdominal circumference, abdominal pressure, bowel sounds before enema and after exhaust, and complications of intubation were compared between the two groups.

Results
The improvement of abdominal distension symptoms such as abdominal circumference, abdominal pressure and bowel sounds after exhaust in the observation group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05) .

Conclusions
Modified-depth colonic irrigation using a disposable catheter is more effective than traditional glycerin enema administration in the treatment of neurogenic bowel dysfunction.

Key words:
Spinal cord injury; Neurogenic bowel dysfunction; Abdominal distension; Modified-depth colonic irrigation


The existing technology of stretching and forming metal honeycomb processing has obvious deficiencies. In order to develop metal honeycomb with high strength and better performance, this paper did extensive research on the technology of semi-regular hexagon corrugated structure forming and overlay process. Modern mechanical methodology was then employed to optimize high strength metal cellular automatic equipment and the best principle schema was selected. Each modules structure of the high strength aluminum honeycombs automatic overlay assembly equipment has been designed. Products were made based on the new design and went through a series of tests. The results demonstrated that this new method has greatly resolved the existing problems regarding the processing technology of aluminum honeycomb.


According to the investigation on the 8 key construction colleges and universities in Fujian Province,the major achievements,successful experiences and existing problems in accelerating higher education reform and development based on the key construction projects in Fujian during between 2003 and 2007 are summarized.Accordingly the countermeasures to continue the key colleges and universities construction in future in the province are proposed.


Domain name resolution is a core service of Internet, DNS servers's security and stability is essential. Red Hat Linux operating system can be applied as a DNS servers, which is an open-source and free operating system with security and stability. It is worthy of study and discussion on how to configure the primary DNS servers and secondary DNS servers on this platform in order to achieve domain name resolution of an unit or company.


Abstract The 'Cement Armada' was a major Nigerian government scandal which culminated in hundreds of cement-laden ships arriving en masse at Lagos, creating severe multi-year-long port congestion during the height of the 1970s oil boom. In spite of the scale of the scandal, its causes and consequences have received little attention from scholars. This article presents new research which suggests the Armada was one of several contributing factors to the extraordinary inflation in the price of construction during period. It places the scandal in the context of debates about corruption, organisational failure and a 'resource curse' in Nigeria.


This is a brief summary of some areas of science where the rare earths have already played an important role and of other areas where they are almost certain to be helpful. The discovery, abundance, separation, and properties of rare earths are discussed. It is pointed out that the rare earths comprise almost one-fourth of the known metals, and their alloys a third of the possible alloys. (DLC)


This integrative review seeks to consider the evidence on how crime victims' rights are served within South Africa's criminal justice system. Victims view criminal proceeding as the means through which justice for the harms they suffered can be obtained. Such aspirations are often misplaced since criminal proceedings are a legal process between the state and accused with the sole purpose of determining guilt or innocence. As such, the concerns of victims are secondary. Victim's rights in South Africa was only truly acknowledged during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in 1995. South Africa's victim empowerment policy is underpinned by restorative justice principles. Contradictory to legal procedures, restorative justice is not offender-driven, but aims to elevate the role of crime victims in the criminal justice system.


In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation problem in an OFDM-based cognitive radio system with multiple relays. We address the formulated intractable problem by a two-stage procedure which corresponds to two subproblems: subchannel allocation and power distribution. For each subproblem, a fast algorithm is proposed by exploiting its special structure. Our proposed algorithms can achieve performance close to the upper bound. The remarkable characteristic of the proposed algorithm is that the approximate linear complexity is significantly lower than that of standard techniques, making it promising for applications. Simulation results also validate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.


the clouds. Abstract Aerosols in the atmosphere can have a large impact on weather and climate. One of its lesser-known impacts is the aerosol-dispersion effect, which refers to the feedback between the aerosol (or cloud droplet) concentration and the relative dispersion of the droplet size distribution. This study attempts to reconcile the inconsistent sign of the correlation between aerosol number and droplet dispersion found in past studies by distinguishing local correlation from cloud-mean correlation. We find that while the cloud-mean correlation between aerosol concentration and droplet size relative dispersion is largely nonexistent, in-cloud regions with high relative dispersion are typically associated with low local droplet concentration. Even stronger correlation is found with respect to the local activation fraction (the ratio of droplet concentration to total droplet and aerosol concentration). Based on this local correlation,


A multi-band antenna includes a conductive connecting member, an outer conductor and a lead frame. The conductive connecting element is disposed on a non-metallic region of an electronic device. The head exterior is on an outside surface of the electronic device by a first connecting terminal which is connected to one end of the conductive connecting member, to a first and a second rail connection, which are respectively disposed opposite to each other are disposed. The lead frame is connected to the first and second rail connection and a ground of a substrate. The head exterior has a first outer radiation conductor disposed between the first exit and the first connecting terminal and a second outer radiation conductor on which is formed as a unit with the first outer radiation conductor and between the second exit and the first connecting terminal is arranged.


This thesis argues that the two-year higher vocational education reform takes the initiatives to stagger development with four-year colleges and universities.Job oriented,the two-year vocational education determines to propel the fundamental transformation of higher vocational talents training mode.The thesis explores the connotation and core competitive strength of "3 to 2" higher vocational education reform,and discusses ways to reform two-year system in higher vocational education.


In this paper we outline different ways to make magnetic fluids from colloidal self-assemblies (normal and reverse micelles) and describe the preparation of both ferrite nanocrystals with various compositions and cobalt metal nanocrystals. The general magnetic behaviors are described but it is found that these are not applicable to the whole variety of ferrites produced. Ferrite and cobalt magnetic fluids are organized in 3D superlattices to form various mesoscopic structures. Within a number of limitations, the magnetic properties of both the above nanocrystals and these fluids have been determined and described.


This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of physical fitness with intellectual intelligence (IQ) in soccer athletes. The research method uses the correlational method. The sample in this study were 13 male soccer athletes who were members of the Soccer Club at the college level. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The research instrument used to measure students' physical fitness was the Multilevel Fitness Test (MFT). Meanwhile, the measurement of intellectual intelligence (IQ) uses an IQ test with Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) test. Data analysis used a correlation test to confirm the relationship between physical fitness and intellectual intelligence (IQ). The results showed that the male soccer athletes' average level of physical fitness (Vo2 Max) was in a good category. The intermediate IQ level is in the High Average category. The correlation test shows a linear relationship between physical fitness and intellectual intelligence (IQ). The better the physical fitness, the higher the intellectual intelligence.


The model of atonement presented in Anselm of Canterbury's Cur Deus Homo has aroused a host of worries from theologians. The gist of their criticism is that Anselm inscribes redemptive violence into theology and thus encourages passive acquiescence to abusive power structures or even licenses the violence of abusers. Some suggest that the way forward would be to jettison Anselm's account and develop alternatives that are not liable to the same abuses. This paper argues that while alternatives may be desirable, Cur Deus Homo looms so large in theological imaginations as to defy jettisoning. We should instead try to perform better readings. This paper presents a close reading of this text as a monastic meditation on mortality oriented less toward resolving a problem of systematic theology than drawing readers into a renewed experience of devotion to God. To do that, Anselm works to rewrite the meaning of human mortality, making it less about the necessity of losing one's life and more about the possibility of a gift of death. The ethical paradigm that emerges is far from a complete moral vision, but is still more alluring than the one about which Anselm's contemporary critics worry.


Birth and death registration is one of the most widely used national and local data for identifying and addressing major public health concerns. This study evaluated the effect of birth and death registration on health service delivery. The study was conducted in the Tolon District where the District Births and Deaths Registry, the Planning Unit of the District Assembly and the District Health Directorate were selected for the study from March to July 2014. The study employed the survey research design where questionnaire administration was used for data collection. Stratified random sampling was used to identify the various sample points. Preliminary data exploration was used with the Statistical Software SPSS for windows (version 21) to analyse the data generated from the questionnaire. Multiple response analysis was used to generate frequencies to determine the combined effect of responses. The study made use of percentages, means and ranking. Descriptive statistics was used to present diagrams, tables and charts. The objectives of the study were: factors influencing birth and death registration, contribution of birth and death registration to health service delivery, challenges associated with birth and death registration and strategies for enhancing birth and death registration. It was found out that 86.9% of responses showed that education, distance, future employment, school enrollment, voting, obtaining a passport, cause of death, insurance benefits, settlement of pension claims and the calculation of death rate influence birth and death registration. Also, 80.0% of the responses showed that birth registration contributes to vaccination, family planning interventions and that death registration contributes to measuring and monitoring child and maternal mortality rates, calculation of death rate and determination of cause of death. Beside, 84.3% of the responses confirmed that cost, children born to nomads, lack of support from the District Assembly and distance are challenges to birth and death registration. Finally, 86.0% of the responses point to the fact that tying registration to health care, public awareness campaign, the use of mobile phones for registration and building partnerships with other organizations are strategies for birth and death registration. The study recommended that the District Births and Deaths Registry, the District Education Directorate, the District Health Directorate and the District Assembly collaborates to improve birth and death registration for enhanced health service delivery.


Monitored breakwater settlements taken from an actual breakwater structure over an extended period of time (more than five years) were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the waves clearly affect the settlement of the breakwater, especially during high wave conditions such as typhoons. Breakwater settlement is caused by a decrease of effective stress of seabed during partial liquefaction due to wave-induced cyclic loads, which occurs due to an increase in excess pore pressure and the combination of oscillatory and residual pore water pressures. A new combined numerical model was suggested that allows the storm wave-induced seabed settlement underneath the caisson breakwater to be examined qualitatively. The technique uses a combined wave model (2D-NIT) and soil model (FLIP). The dynamic wave load calculated by the 2D-NIT was used as the input data for the soil model. This soil model can simulate both oscillatory and residual pore water pressures at the same time. There is a different feature to other previous studies adopting similar techniques.


In recent years, Sinop province has become an important touristic center of Black Sea Region in Turkey. Akliman is also one of the most visited touristic areas of Sinop. It is notable that aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats in Akliman and surrounding areas are suitable reproduction areas for Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Females Culicoides biting midges irritate people and animals because they feed on blood sucking. Thus, the study aimed to determine the species of the genus in Akliman District of Sinop Province, which is little investigated. The present study was conducted in 2014 and 2015. Samples were collected using CDC miniature light trap and black fluorescent lamp light trap, which were kept inside bottles with 70% ethyl alcohol. Culicoides specimens were identified using steromicroscope and light microscope. A total of 15 species of the Culicoides genus was identified in the study area. Culicoides alazanicus Dzhafarov, 1961, C. cataneii Clastrier, 1957, C. gejgelensis Dzhafarov, 1964, C. griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918, C. kibunensis Tokunaga, 1937, C. longipennis Khalaf, 1957, C. obsoletus (Meigen, 1818), C. picturatus Kremer and Deduit, 1961 and C. subfasciipennis Kieffer, 1919 species are new records for Sinop. Male individuals belonging to C. alazanicus and C. griseidorsum in Turkey have been identified for the first time in this study.


The extraction technology of flavonoids from Catalpa Ovata G. Don. was studied. Main factors influencing the extraction of flavonoids from the fruit of Catalpa Ovata G. Don. were studied by single factor tests, and the optimum technology extracting flavonoids from the fruit of Catalpa Ovata G. Don. was studied by orthogonal test. Optimized conditions for the extraction of flavonoids was obtained as: ethanol concentration 60%, extraction temperature 70℃, material to solvent 1:20, extraction time 2.0 h, and extract yield is 4.83%.


The article describes and analyzes the influence of the main risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The aim - to identify and research risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with combination of chronic pancreatitis and dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods . We conducted mixed triglyceride 13C breath test (13C-MTBT) and amylase 13C-breath test (13C-ABT) for detection of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Atherosclerotic changes were diagnosed by measuring the thickness of the intima-media layer in the carotid artery and changes in the lipid profile of the blood (by determining the total blood plasma cholesterol (CF), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenicity). Results . The exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was observed in all patients by using the triglyceride respiratory test. The violation of the lipid profile, namely: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and increase in atherogenicity was found in all patients. It has been shown that obesity or insufficient body weight cannot serve as a criterion for determining the degree of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency or the severity of atherosclerotic disorders in patients with combination of chronic pancreatitis and atherosclerosis. It is proved that triglyceride respiratory test is a method of choice for early diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The significant influence of the modified risk factors of atherosclerosis on the course of chronic pancreatitis was revealed by using the testing methods, questionnaires and surveys.


With changes in metering technology, the focus has been on monitoring and management systems. A revisit to the heart of the management systems is necessary to help reduce non-revenue water.


Power converters of DC-DC nature are pivotal to supplying power in electronics, charging equipment, and renewable energy integration along with AC-DC converters. They are frequently used in most of the power supplies of electronic devices as well as dedicated high-energy functionalities including charging battery cells, electroplating, and welding. Furthermore, DC-DC switching regulators not only fulfill the challenging necessities of engineering systems but also satisfy the rigorous standards of vehicles. Having efficient and stable Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) converters under extreme duty cycles is not that easy. The Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) and Cuk converter combination are used in this research to create a blended DCDC converter with a single Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) switch, thanks to their almost identical circuit configuration. The key advantage of employing one IGBT switch is that synchronization between switches is not necessary, and it can handle remarkably high voltage and high power compared to MOSFET. Additionally, the gate driver design will be sophisticated due to switching between the control terminal and the ground. An experimental simulation was created, and its performance was assessed under higher duty cycles. Consequently, this converter achieves a simple control structure with a high voltage gain, high efficiency, and lowered total harmonic distortion (THD) with the inclusion of two switched inductor blocks to replace both the input inductors of the respective SEPIC and Cuk partitions of the device.


The Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu epithermal deposit Banská Hodruša of intermediate-sulphidation type is located in the middle Miocene Štiavnica Stratovolcano on the inner side of the Carpathian arc in Slovakia. There are two different styles of epithermal mineralization within the deposit. The earliest represents a subhorizontal multi-stage vein system (low-angle normal shear zone), while the much younger mineralization represents the extensive system of steep-dipping veins related to different tectono-geological events. Within the mineralization related to the shear zone the mineral Au-Ag-Te-S assemblage was determined, represented by zonal gold/electrum, hessite, petzite, Cu-cervelleite, and Te-polybasite, all associate with galena. The altaite and unnamed AgPbTeS phase were found in hessite. Very rare zonal gold/electrum crystallized to quartz vugs, with Ag content ranging from 17.8 to 45.3 wt. %. Similar assemblage was determined in flotation concentrates from dressing plant, represented by Au-Ag tellurides calaverite-krennerite-sylvanite in association with hessite, Au-hessite, petzite, unnamed AgAuTeS phase, uytenbogaardtite, and petrovskaite. These minerals typically occur in form of aggregates or as thin rims around gold/electrum. The younger horst-related veins host Ag-(Bi, Cu, Sb, As)-S assemblage. The main mineral in this assemblage is polybasite-pearceite, the other minerals jalpaite, matildite, acanthite, schapbachite, cervelleite, and arcubisite are rare and typically associate with galena. Zonal aggregates of tetrahedrite-tennantite were found in association with base metal sulphides.


The tremendous increase in the size of data generated by the Internet of Things and other platforms has created an urgent need to investigate new methods for data representation and compression. In this article, we develop a novel system that is inspired by the echolocation system in dolphins for bi-level image encoding and employ it in data compression. To this end, we consider building an agent-based model that imitates the communications between different agents. Our agent-based modeling environment corresponds to an actual image, and it consists of dolphins and fish. The dolphins use echolocation to help them identify fish within certain distances around them. Additionally, the dolphins work within fixed ranges while encoding the needed information. The algorithm stores the initial coordinates of the dolphins' locations along with their movements and uses this information in image reconstruction. The experimental findings showed that we could significantly outperform well-known benchmarks in bi-level compression using the sample images we employed for testing.


Abstract Cationic polymerizations of p-methoxystyrene initiated by triphenylmethylium halides in conjunction with silica surfaces proceed via ion pair intermediates. The polymerization yields both aerosil-polymer composites and soluble polymers. The triphenylmethylium halides are active only on the surface of the solid, which is demonstrated by means of adsorption and zeta-potential measurements in 1,2-dichloroethane. The influence of the overall monomer concentration and initiator concentration on the MWD curves and composite formation is discussed in relation to the mechanism of cationic polymerization. Triphenylmethylium bromide-aerosil adsorbates yield soluble polymers with narrow MWD curves (M w/M n ≃ 1,2). This behavior approaches living conditions. The formation of composites mainly proceeds in the Stern layer of the ion pair layer which covers the aerosil particle while the generation of soluble polymers occurs in the diffuse layer. The behavior of interfacial polymerization is discussed in relati...


This study explores ways in which TESOL graduate students were engaged in service-learning at a public university in the midwestern United States. It describes the experiences of both domestic and international students with service-learning that was incorporated into a hybrid graduate-level TESOL course. Data were collected throughout the semester through weekly discussions on Blackboard, three reflective journals in which students wrote about their experiences on-site, and in-person discussions in the classroom, as well as through a focus group interview at the end of the semester. Findings reveal how service-learning contributed to developing students' intercultural awareness, civic responsibility, and teacher identity. Students also appreciated the opportunity to share their experience with the class and receive support from their peers. Overall, service-learning gave students hands-on experience that allowed them to translate theory into practice, thus making their learning authentic, creative, and meaningful. The findings raise important questions for TESOL educators and researchers to address as we reimagine and reconceptualize the curriculum for promoting diversity and social justice. The article concludes with suggestions for implementing service-learning in a TESOL program.


The oxidative ratio (OR) of the organic matter of the terrestrial biosphere is a key parameter in the understanding of the magnitude of the carbon sink represented both by the terrestrial biosphere and by the global oceans. However, no study has considered the oxidation state of all the organic pools and fluxes within one environment. In this study all organic matter pathways (dissolved organic matter, particulate organic matter, CO2, and CH4) were measured within an upland peat ecosystem in northern England. The study showed the following: (1) The peat soil of ecosystem was accumulating oxygen at a rate of between −16 and −73 t O km−2 yr−1; (2) Although there was no significant variation in oxidation state in the peat profile, there was a significant increase in degree of unsaturation with depth; (3) The dissolved organic matter leaving the ecosystem was significantly more oxidized than the other carbon pools analyzed while the particulate organic matter was not significantly different from the peat soil profile; and (4) Assuming that all carbon flux from the site was as CO2, the OR of the ecosystem was 1.07; when the nature and speciation of the release pathways were considered, the ecosystem OR was 1.04. At the global scale, correcting for the speciation of carbon fluxes means that the annual global fluxes of carbon to land = 1.49 ± 0.003 Gt C/yr and to the oceans = 2.01 ± 0.004 Gt C/yr.


Our paper analyzes the experiences of Persian Baha'is who arrived more than twenty years ago and stayed in New Brunswick. We conducted seven interviews involving ten people. This paper presents a widely ignored aspect of immigrant life: namely, the creativity that immigrants use to overcome local residents' hesitancy in reaching out to them in friendship. This paper further analyzes two aspects of these immigrants' arrival that account for their success. First, the receiving Baha'i communities integrated them immediately into the social and administrative affairs of their communities. Second, the immigrants' recent spiritual connection to the birth place of the Baha'i faith became the means of Canadian Baha'is to welcome their brothers and sisters from Iran. Resume
 L'article analyse l'experience qu'ont connu les Persans Baha'is qui se sont installes ici, au Nouveau-Brunswick, il y a plus de vingt ans et qui y sont restes. Nous avons mene sept entrevues avec dix personnes. L'article presente une facette souvent meconnue de la vie des immigrants : notamment la creativite dont ils doivent faire preuve afin de vaincre les hesitations des residents de la region pour se lier d'amitie avec eux. De plus, cet article analyse deux aspects de l'arrivee de ces immigrants qui favorisent leur reussite. D'abord, les communautes d'accueil baha'i ont integre immediatement les immigres dans les affaires sociales et administratives de leur communaute. Ensuite, les liens spirituels recents des immigrants envers leur pays natal ont contribue a ce que les Baha'i Canadiens accueillent leurs freres et sœurs de l'Iran.


Chemistry, energy, and spatial distributions of species in carbon–nitrogen plasma plumes were investigated to define plasma conditions for growth of carbon nitride CNx films with a fullerene-like structure. Plumes were generated by ablation of graphite using a 248 nm excimer laser in the presence of low-pressure nitrogen. The plumes were investigated using element specific imaging, time-of-flight experiments, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular vibration sequence analyses. Studies showed the importance of plume/substrate interaction in causing secondary excitation phenomena. For N2 pressures within the 5–50 mTorr range, plasmas at the substrate vicinity were found to consist mostly of atomic carbon, CN and C2 molecules. Kinetic energies were calculated within 10–20 eV for mono atomic carbon, 30–55 eV for CN, and 20–40 eV for C2. Excited CN and C2 molecules were generated by laser ablation and by collisions of the plume with the substrate surface. Their vibrational energies were strongly influenced by...


A simple and inexpensive method is presented for measuring periodic time intervals. The method is based on a statistical principle, allowing the use of primarily low-power CMOS to increase the accuracy at the expense of an increase in the measuring time. A statistical analysis of the accuracy is presented, and an application to length measurement is described. >


Test reports given by test institution are mostly stylized text. Editing such text is a hard and odd work. A method is introduced to implement report automatically creating based on VBA and Words template technology, such as bookmark, ChartObject etc. The method used in our engine performance test-bed laboratory works well and reduces report editing time form half a day to half an hour.


Each radio network controller has a first identifier of each multicast service for which activation was previously requested through it by at least one radio terminal (1, 11) and is adapted to notify of radio terminals located in a corresponding coverage area starting at least one session relating to one of said multicast services, reported by the core network, the notification incorporating the first identifier of said service. In relation to a radio terminal (11) entering the coverage area of a radio network controller (15) after being in one of a serving radio network controller (14), the radio terminal having previously requested activation of a multicast service via the serving radio network controller, transmitting the first identifier of said service from the serving radio network controller to the radio network controller.


In East Greenland, sedimentation during the Middle Devonian‐earliest Carboniferous interval was characterized by the Old Red Sandstone Molasse Basin deposits. The continental succession recorded folding and intrabasinal unconformities associated with the activation of extensional detachments and core complex formation which post‐dated high‐P granulite facies metamorphism at c. 403 Ma. The extensional collapse responsible for the initiation of the Devonian basin and associated bimodal magmatism must be understood in the context of continued continental convergence during the Early Carboniferous, required by ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism in North‐East Greenland at c. 355 Ma. Along a small nunatak within the Wordie Gletscher in Payer Land, NE Greenland (lat. 74°N), Precambrian gneisses recording Devonian granulite‐facies metamorphism are in tectonic contact with the molasse deposits along an ESE‐ward dipping thrust fault: the Scotstounhill Thrust. This paper will discuss the role of Devonian contractional structures and contemporaneous extensional faulting and present a new tectonic model that accounts for the exhumation of deep crustal rocks by these coupled mechanisms.


The necessity of meteorological data mining has been emphasized.Data mining in weather forecast,climate prediction and meteorological disaster predictions' applications are summarized.At last,spatial-temporal analysis,association rule analysis,dimensions-decreasing analysis,classify and prediction are discussed in meteorological data mining.The emphasis of meteorological data mining is presented.


The northern Bering Sea is a large epicontinental shelf area of less than 50 m depth that is dominated by a mean northward current toward Bering Strait. Bathymetric End_Page 756------------------------------ constrictions increase flow speeds to about 50 to 200 cm/sec causing the strongest currents on the eastern side of the straits. Geoprobe and current mooring stations show that tidal flows and storm-driven currents, including storm surge runoff, can significantly increase bottom current speeds in certain areas. Topographic expression of the strong current regime occurs as ridges and swales in straits and scour depressions on shoal flanks. Large leeside shoals as much as 100 km long are constructed on the north side of islands and westward-projecting landmasses. These presently developing sand bodies are supplied with sand eroded from upcurrent beach and delta deposits. Strong currents presently remold the crests of the leeside and other relict offshore sand ridges into a complex series of small- and large-scale mobile bed-form fields. Strong northward flow influences sediment composition and facies distribution over much of the region as well as the patterns of storm sand layers, ice scour marks, and large (25 to 150 m) scour depressions in modern sandy silt. The modern sedimentary facies on the western Yukon delta have been truncated by strong currents in eastern Shpanberg Strait. A substantial part of Yukon Holocene sediment has been displaced from Norton Sound by storm surge currents and the mean northward flow, bypassing Chirikov Basin, to be deposited 1,000 km to the north in Chukchi Sea. The increasing current speeds toward Bering Strait also control the offshore gradation of Holocene transgressive sand facies. The gradation to stronger currents in eastern strait areas results in coarser grain size and also i creased concentrations of shell fragments and heavy minerals. End_of_Article - Last_Page 757------------


In the near future we will witness the coming to a full operational regime of laser interferometers and resonant mass detectors of spherical shape. In this work we study the sensitivity of pairs of such gravitational wave detectors to a scalar stochastic background of gravitational waves. Our computations are carried out both for minimal and non minimal coupling of the scalar fields.


Abstract A summer scholars institute to introduce urban underrepresented minority (URM) high school students to applied geosciences at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey, had the unanticipated effect of markedly increasing (a) retention of undergraduate URM geoscience majors who served as teaching assistants in the institute and (b) recruitment of URM college students to the geoscience program. A study of the URM teaching assistants shows that they felt responsible to serve as positive role models for the URM high school students. As a result, the teaching assistants became committed to succeeding in college and in careers in the geosciences. This attitude is attributed to the protégé effect. The camaraderie of the teaching assistants formed the basis of a self-supporting learning/social community of URM geoscience majors within the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University that attracted URM students from other majors. The recruitment of high school students had no impact on department enrollment until at least 3 years later. As a result of this retention and recruitment, the percentage of URM students in the department increased to approximately 50% and enrollment doubled in 3 years. Using the protégé effect is a potential best practice for increasing diversity in the geosciences, especially in urban areas.


The magnetization reversal process of an exchange biased NiFe layer was investigated around 360/spl deg/-domain wall loops by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) in Glass/Ta(10 nm)/NiFe(7.2 nm)/FeMn(8.0 nm)/Ta(5 nm). The sample was prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering and characterized with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The reversal process was performed dominantly by rotation due to a large unidirectional anisotropy and probably due to a substantial orientation deviation of the local pinning field from the easy axis of the NiFe-layer. The magnetization reversal process performed by wall nucleation and growth was also observed. The dominant reversal mechanism in the exchange-biased ferromagnetic layer was discussed in terms of anisotropy energy.


Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) provides a promising pathway for the next generation of non-volatile memory and logic chips. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) nanopillar provides high thermal stability and low critical current. However, the STT switching mechanism of MTJ has been revealed intrinsically stochastic, which results from the unavoidable thermal fluctuations of magnetization. This phenomenon affects deeply the reliability of hybrid CMOS/MTJ interface circuits and drives important power overhead. In this paper, we present a multilevel cell (MLC) STT-MRAM benefiting from the stochastic behaviors. It allows not only higher storage density, but also reduces the programming power and delay. This new cell can be also used as electrical synapse to build up neuromorphic computing systems or other biological networks. Monte-Carlo statistical simulations based on a 40 nm technology node have been carried out to validate its functionality and demonstrate its performance.


The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of injections of botulinum toxin typeA (BTA) in the neck muscles under electromyographic control and without it to reduce head tremor, muscle tone and dystonic postures, as well as pain in patients with cervical dystonia (CD). 49 patients with CD and dystonic head tremor who received injections of BTA were examined. 33 (67 %) patients received Dysport in an average dose of 695 (627; 762) units, 15 (31 %) patients received Xeomin in an average dose of 262 (227; 297) units and 1 (2 %) patient received 300 units of Botox. 16 (33 %) patients received injections under EMGcontrol. The level of symptoms of CD and tremor before and 4 weeks after the treatment were measured by the TWSTRS and Tsui scales. Evaluation of the treatment efficacy was carried out using the patientreported Clinical Global Improvement (CGI) scale, and the presence or absence of head tremor after injection was also recorded. The TWSTRS score decreased from 39 (36, 42) to 24 (21, 26), the TZUI score decreased from 9.8 (9, 10) to 4.9 (4, 6) in 4 weeks after injection (p <0.001). The level of tremor measured by Tsui scale decreased from 2.1 (1.7, 2.4) and 0.7 points (0,5; 0,9) (p <0.001). In 24 (49 %) cases, complete disappearance of tremor was noted in 4 weeks after injection. Complete regression of tremor was observed significantly more frequently in patients with torticollis who received injections with EMG-control in 10(71 %) cases vs. 8(32 %) without it (p <0.05). 28(57 %) patients noted moderate or significant improvement on the CGI scale. Pain decreased from 5.4 (3.9, 6.9) points to 2.4 (1.3, 3.6) (p <0.001) according to section 3 of TWSTRS scale, pain completely regressed in 15 (52 %) patients. BTA injections are highly effective and safe treatment of CD symptoms such as dystonic posture, pain and dystonic tremor. BTA injections in the neck muscles under EMGcontrol can improve outcome in patients with torticollis associated with dystonic head tremor.


Microgrids (MGs) as a key building block of smart grids have been emerged to address the proliferation of distributed energy resources. In grid‐connected MGs, dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) module determines optimal schedule of distributed energy resources and adjustable loads and power to be exchanged with upstream grid, while all operational constraints of the MG are respected. DELD in MGs represents a constrained optimization problem with uncertain input data, as the forecasts of demand, renewable generation and market price are uncertain. In this research, particle swarm optimization (PSO) as a bio‐inspired optimization algorithm is used to solve DELD in grid‐connected MGs, while demand response program is integrated into MG and the uncertainties of demand, renewable power generation and market price are dealt with two‐point estimate method (TPEM). Load curtailment as a demand response program is used for reducing operation cost of microgrids. The performance of PSO is compared with two optimization algorithms including grey wolf optimization and backtracking search algorithm. As per the results, at times with low grid power price, microgrid imports power from upstream grid and at times with high power price it exports power to the upstream grid. The results show that the integration of demand response has significantly reduced the operation cost of the microgrid. The effect of change in maximum curtailable power on the operation cost of the MG has been investigated.


The precision of part machining is influenced by the tool life. Tools gradually wear out during the cutting process, which reduces the machining accuracy. Many studies have used machining parameters and sensor signals to predict flank wear; however, these methods have many limitations related to sensor installation, which is not only time-consuming and costly but also impractical in industry. This paper proposes an interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) based on the dynamic-group cooperative differential evolution algorithm for flank wear prediction. Moreover, the Taguchi method is used to design cutting experiments for collecting experimental data and reducing the number of experiments. The CIE-xy color chromaticity values, spindle speed, feed per tooth, cutting depth, and cutting time are used as inputs of the IT2FNN, and the output is the flank wear value. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively predict flank wear with higher efficiency than other algorithms.


This manual describes the basic elements of fishing with traps and pots for small-scale fishermen. It presents the various types of traps and pots and their construction and gives guidance to choose the appropriate gear, how to rig it, how to use it to improve catch, how to select places to fish, soaking time and finally care of the catch.


There is a large body of research that reports the detrimental psychological and physical effects of workplace bullying, not only for targets but also for witnesses and bystanders. The workplace bullying literature consistently highlights the relationship between bullying and psychological stress reactions, insomnia, mental health problems and physical ill health.


Ear pain or otalgia is one of the commonest symptoms that brings a patient to an ENT clinic, it affects any age group and may reflect a serious disease process in or outside the ear. Therefore, Otorhinolarygologists need to have a comprehensive knowledge about the anatomy and neuro anatomy of the ear and its related structures. The ear is consider that the only structure in the body of comparable ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Otalgia (earache) is one of the commonest presenting complaints of the patients visiting ENT OPD and wide varieties of otological diseases are associated with it. Surrounding structural pathology of head and neck can at times manifest as otalgia (because of complex innervations of ear) known as referred otalgia. The term Referred Otalgia applied when the ear examination is normal, so it is important to search for the secondary cause in other structures like pharynx, larynx, teeth, TM, nose, sinuses, salivary glands, neck, and rarely thoracic structures like esophagus, bronchus and heart.


In the past decade, numerous studies on mood problems following stroke have emerged with an emphasis on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review is intended to investigate the relationship between stroke and PTSS. We searched the following databases: SCOPUS, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CIHANL, AMED and PsyhINFO and retrieved the relevant titles and abstracts. Cross-sectional, longitudinal and predictive studies were included. These studies included patients of any age and of either gender with a diagnosis of stroke who were screened for PTSD or PTSS and must be written in English. A total of 108 articles were retrieved from the search. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 104 were excluded for not meeting the predetermined inclusion criteria. A total of four studies were considered for this review. The results showed that 21%-31% of stroke patients experienced PTSS and 9.8% met the criteria for PTSD. Therefore, it is important to study PTSS in stroke patients since its would be interesting to define its role in the prediction of recovery from stroke.


Increased complexity is one of the biggest challeng es in assembly industry today. Designing and implementing manual assembly systems require identifying operational and structural complexity sources inherent with these systems. Lack of this fact caus es inaccuracy in the results from the system applic ation. This study details sources of both types of complex ity in manual assembly systems. Also, the paper wil l present the modeling techniques to address these co mplexities in the design approach of these systems.


The article deals with the problems of of foreign students, teaching Russian as a Language for Special (Professional) Purposes. The importance of cooperation of teachers of Russian as a Foreign Language and professors teaching special disciplines is underlined.


Cauliflower is a horticultural crop that has high productivity and good business prospects.
The handling of yield is a series of activities aimed at slowing down the quality of the product.
Cauliflower has characteristics of wilting, high respiration rates, susceptible to temperature changes,
so good handling is needed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze product handling and fresh cut
cauliflower returns procedures. The analytical method used is a flow chart as a tool explaining
product handling and return procedures. Handling of fresh cut cauliflower includes receiving raw
materials, storage, sorting and trimming, cutting, packaging, storage of finished products and
distribution. Fresh cut cauliflower returns procedures are carried out in the presence of ccomplaint
information, inspection by QA (quality assurance), notification to PT ASC management and product
withdrawal agreement, sales staff contact the store, record the number of products that can be
exchanged and destroy (dispose of) the product which is not suitable for consumption.

Keywords: fresh cut, cauliflower, handling, returns


Enteric duplications are rare congenital diseases with heterogeneous clinical pictures ranging from an asymptomatic course to life-threatening consequences, most commonly arising at the ileal and ileocecal region. The antenatal discovery is possible when it concerns a voluminous cystic form enabling an early management. The radiologic examinations are nonspecific and no diagnostic tools can allow a certain diagnosis on its own. Sometimes, the diagnosis of intestinal duplication is only made during the surgical exploration and confirmed after a histopathological examination. We report a 4 years old girl with antenatal diagnosed ovarian cystic mass of about 4 mm. She was admitted to our unit for abdominal pain and constipation. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic mass in the right iliac fossa. MRI revealed a well-defined cystic mass (6 x 4.2 x 5.4 cm) in the right mid abdomen displacing the bowel to the left, likely to be strongly adherent to the last part of the ileum. 99mtc pertechnetate scan was negative for ectopic gastric mucosa. A laparoscopic approach was eventually necessary and the diagnosis of duplication cyst was confirmed. Children with antenatal diagnosis of abdominal mass need a close follow up and enteric duplication should be considered as potential diagnosis. The laparoscopic approach has an important role in differential diagnosis between intestinal duplications and other mass.


With the development of the English as an Additional Language or Dialect (EAL/D) Teacher Resource, the educational needs and outcomes of refugee and immigrant children have been placed on the national mainstream teaching agenda. This new national resource sits alongside a plethora of other resources, known as scales and standards, which have been developed and mandated for use by various state and territory governments. Six months after the release of the national resource, this project was initiated to identify the extent of teachers' knowledge and use of scales and standards available for EAL/D learners, including the national resource, and the ways in which these resources are used. The project was initiated in two phases. The first one was conducted through a web-based survey of 105 teachers from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Queensland and South Australia. On the basis of preliminary findings from the survey, the second phase was undertaken through in-depth interviews with seven teachers from the states and territories who had been involved in the web-based survey. Results from this project corroborate research from almost twenty years ago that found that resources for EAL/D learners are underused. The position of the new national resource in relation to other available resources is unclear. The research also indicates that unless measures are taken by educational authorities, such as stronger commitment in developing the capacity of teaching staff to use the EAL/D resources, the efficacy of the resources remains a desire.


The paper outlines recent regime theory design equations for duned sand-bed canals and indicates limits of applicability. A simple problem is presented and compared with original Lacey equations. Reference to worked problems and extensions is given. The advantages of the method described include: (1) equations derived from data of self-adjusting channels of the type and size for which design is required; (2) provision of the three necessary and sufficient independent equations for finding equilibrium values of flow area, depth, and slope; (3) consolidation of the unmeasureables of the water-sediment complex and of the cohesive erodible-depositable sides into two overall bed and side factors that can be calculated from the running conditions of existing channels in equilibrium and used by engineers with field experience; and (4) simplicity.


Unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture and subsequent thrombosis are the main patho-reason leading to acute cardio-vascular event occur.There is close relationship between inflammatory reaction,apoptosis and unstable plaque formation.Recent studies show that Cathepsin S,GRO-α and endoplasmic reticulum play important role in the formation of unstable plaque.This article will give a review on this research,to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the unstable plaque mechanism.


This study aims to increase learning activity and independence in social studies learning through live worksheet learning media for class VII A students in junior high school. This research is a classroom action research with the research subjects are students of class VII A in junior high school. This research will be carried out in two cycles, the first cycle consists of two meetings and the second cycle consists of two meetings. At the end of each cycle an evaluation is carried out. Data collection in this action research is done by observation, documentation and learning outcomes tests. True learning throughout the life of students, one of which is indicated by an attitude of activeness, independence in learning and an increase in learning outcomes. The activeness of students when learning is all learning activities that involve students, both physical and non-physical in the learning process that can encourage students to be more critical, express opinions in discussions, ask questions, and be able to solve a given problem. Independence is an attempt to break away from parents with the intention of finding oneself through the process of seeking ego identity, which is a development towards a stable and independent individuality. Based on the conclusion, there is an increase in learning activity and independence in social studies learning through live worksheet learning media for class VII A students in junior high school.


The Radio Neutrino Observatory (RNO) is a proposed ultra-high energy neutrino detector that plans to instrument ~100 square kilometers of ice at the South Pole to study the high-energy end of the cosmic neutrino spectrum. An array of radio-frequency antennas are to be deployed that are sensitive to the Askaryan radio pulses emitted by energetic neutrino-induced cascades in the ice. During the conception of RNO a number of design studies were performed to guide decisions in the collaboration. Ultimately, the balancing of these studies with expected station costs and considerations of installation have determined the layout of the RNO stations. Included in the design studies were tests of effective volume per station, sky coverage, and several event reconstruction quality parameters. The results of these studies point to the current RNO station layout: a group of antennas at a depth of at least 60 meters colocated with a group of near-surface antennas. We will present the results of our design studies and how they justify the proposed station layout of RNO.


This paper proposes a new pattern classification scheme, combining global and local features. The proposed method uses principal component analysis (PCA) for global property and locality preserving projections (LPP) for local property of the pattern. PCA is known for preserving the most descriptive ones after projection while LPP is known for preserving the neighborhood structure of the data set. Our combing method integrates global and local descriptive information and finds a richer set of alternatives beyond PCA and LPP in a 2-D parametric space. In order to find the hybrid features adaptively and find optimal parameters, we employ the genetic algorithm (GA). Experiments are performed with UCI machine learning repository to show the performance of the proposed algorithm.


This study explores the MICE industry in Hat Yai district, Songkhla province in Thailand. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed to MICE industry stakeholders MICE industry in Hat Yai, seven in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders from the Hat Yai MICE industry, and a focus group with ten MICE industry experts was conducted. The findings suggest that most respondents perceived the strengths of the MICE industry of Hat Yai District to be food and beverage, accommodation, entertainment, event organizers, venues, tour operators, security, transportation and the high standard of souvenirs. However, the focus group suggested the need for improvements to security, transportation and souvenirs. The MICE industry can be fomented by introducing strategies to develop the MICE industry and improve the quality of the MICE city in accordance with the Thai context.


A series of Lanthanide complexes Nd(btc).4H2O, Eu(btc).3H2O, Tb(btc).3H2O, Er(btc).H2O, Yb(btc). 3H2O and heterometallic 3d-4f complexes, Nd(btc ) (Zn)(C2H5O)2.5H2O, Eu(btc)(Zn)(C2H5O)2.5H2O, Tb (btc)(Zn)(C2H5O)2.H2O, Er(btc)(Zn)(C2H5O)2.H2O, Yb (btc)(Zn)(C2H5O)2.H2O have been prepared by one step reaction of LnIII and LnIII-ZnII with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3btc) by reflux method. All the synthesized complexes were incorporated into poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) matrix. All these complexes (1-10) have been characterized by elemental analyses (C,H,N), FT-IR-spectra, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence spectra and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses to arrive at conclusion regarding their geometrical structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the shape and size of the complexes, which were homogeneously dispersed in the PVP matrix. TEM results showed the complexes were of rod shaped with a mean diameter about 20 nm. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of 3d-4f complexes showed well defined crystalline peaks.


Objective To establish an optimal protocol for the isolation,cultivation and purifying of rat bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs),and explore the feasibility of inducing BMSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro.Methods BMSCs were isolated from adult rats by means of gradient centrifugation,purified by anchoring culture,and observed for their growth characteristics.After the administration of bFGF and EGF,the induced differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by immunocytochemistry.Results After 4 passages,the highest purification of BMSCs was achieved as(95.23±3.06) % in vitro.After 7 days of induced differentiation with bFGF and EGF,the yields of β-Tubulin Ⅲ positive cells and GFAP positive cells were(75.43±7.63) % and(33.01±6.73)% respectively.Conclusion The BMSCs could be cultured and purified well in vitro,and could also be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells and glial cells by bFGF and EGF.


In order to elucidate the difference of electronic states of bis‐cyanide porphyrinato iron(III) and cyanide imidazole porphyrinato iron(III), the difference density matrix between the two molecules were calculated. The difference density matrix was analyzed by its natural orbitals. Contributions of Fermi contact term to the natural orbitals were evaluated. By replacement of the CN ligand in the bis‐cyanide porphyrinato iron with the imidazole ligand, the negative spin density at 13C in the cyanide was enhanced. It is found that the enhancement of the spin density in the porphyrin part arisen from the replacement was small. This is contrast to the spin densities themselves appeared in the porphyrin part as well as in the CN ligand.


BACKGROUND: One of the most frequent causes of transfusion‐associated morbidity or mortality is the transfusion of the wrong blood to the wrong patient. This problem persists in spite of the incorporation of numerous procedures into the pretransfusion checking process in an effort to improve patient safety. A qualitative study was undertaken to understand this process from the perspective of those who administer blood products and to identify concerns and suggestions to improve safety.


PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) improves the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. According to a recent revision of the PA guidelines for Americans (2018), healthy adults should participate in PA for >300 min/week for additional health benefits. In addition, it is recommended to participate in resistance exercise (RE) ≥2 days/week. This study aimed to determine whether increasing the PA duration or adding RE is more efficient in improving MetS.METHODS: Data from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The logistic regression and general linear models in the complex sample were performed with a sample of 8,662 Korean adults aged 19–65. According to the metabolic equivalent task (MET), PA intensity was categorized as low-(LP; <600 MET-min/week), moderate-(MP; 600-3,000 METmin/week), and high-level PA (HP;≥3,000 MET-min/week). Furthermore, duration was categorized as high duration (HD) and low duration (LD), while RE was categorized more 2 days/week RE (MR) and less 2 days/week RE (LR).RESULTS: Compared with LP-LR the MR groups showed a significantly low odds ratio (OR) of MetS (p<.05 respectively), whereas the LR groups had no significant OR (p>.05 respectively). Compared with LP-LD, HP-HD had significantly low OR (p<.05), whereas other groups had no significant OR (p>.05 respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Frequent RE decreases the OR of MetS and is not dependent on PA intensity. To efficiently reduce the OR of MetS in Korean adults, participating in frequent RE, rather than simply prolonging PA, is recommended; although, increasing PA duration can have positive effect in HP. In terms of the reduction of the MetS, more than 300 min/week of PA is unlikely to achieve additional health benefits.


Dear Sir, 'Tennis elbow' is caused by a tear of the common extensor origin, especially the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) (Nirschl, 1974). The injury is triggered by excessive wrist extension, causing angiofibroblastic tendinosis rather than inflammation. Some advocate expectant management with spontaneous cure usually occurring within 8 to 12 months (Faro and Wolf, 2007). Non-operative treatment such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), physical therapy, splinting, injections of corticosteroids, botulinum toxin (BTX) and autologous blood products into the painful region near the lateral epicondyle, can help (Placzek et al., 2007), although intractable cases may require surgery to lengthen or release the ECRB tendon. Release of the posterior interosseous nerve, anconeus rotation and denervation of the lateral epicondyle, have also been described. A 43-year-old previously well doctor presented with severe pain, rated at 6 on a pain scale of 0 to 10, 1.5 cm distal to the left lateral epicondyle, worse on extending the medial three fingers, wrist and elbow. Resisted extension of the left middle finger caused an increase in pain. Activities such as holding a cup and measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer were restricted by pain. He was treated with NSAIDs and advised to refrain from exercises and manoeuvres that exacerbated the pain. After 2 months, there was no improvement. We discussed alternatives. He wished to avoid injections of corticosteroids and opted to have an injection of BTX into the belly of the ECRB to weaken the ECRB and allow the tear to heal by decreasing stress on its attachment (Garden, 1961). He received 40 units of BTX into the ERCB, under electromyographic guidance (Lim and Seet, 2008). Over the next 2 weeks, he reported mild weakness of extension of the wrist with no weakness of finger extension. Pain improved to 2 out of 10 but resisted extension of the wrist and middle finger increased this pain. He stopped NSAID within a week of the injection. By 6 weeks, there was no pain at rest, occasional twinges rated at 1 out of 10 after prolonged wrist extension. The pain resolved completely by 3 months, at which time he had regained wrist extension strength. BTX, which is derived from the exotoxin of Clostridium botulinum, is an exocytosis mediator, which works by cleaving the target SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment protein REceptor) proteins which mediate docking of neurotransmitter vesicles to the presynaptic membrane (Lim and Seet, 2008). Cholinergic nerve terminals are targeted in the treatment of skeletal, smooth muscle and glandular overactivity, whereas substance P, bradykinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and glutamate are the neurotransmitters targeted in painful conditions (Jabbari, 2008). Infiltrating the extensor origin on the lateral epicondyle with BTX, corticosteroids, analgesics or autologous blood products controls the pain. However, there is a high recurrence rate in injected patients (Smidt et al., 2002). By functionally lengthening the ECRB tendon with intramuscular injections of BTX, we probably helped recovery of the ECRB tendon. This is, however, only one case. BTX could also help in the treatment of conditions where muscle overactivity plays a significant role, e.g. the radial tunnel (Konjengbam and Elangbam, 2004) and pronator syndromes (Rehak, 2001), where the ECRB and pronator teres cause compression of the radial and median nerves respectively. BTX injections could also help in intersection syndromes, where the muscle bellies of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) rub against the tendons of the ECRL (extensor carpi radialis longus) and ECRB (Descatha et al., 2008). Injecting BTX into the ECRL and ECRB, with resulting muscle atrophy, may decrease friction and ease pain while preserving hand function.


Abstract This paper introduces the coke and deactivation of the catalyst in the aromatization reaction. The catalyst characterizations including thermogravimetric (TG) method and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) and coke calculation are discussed in detail. At the same time, the influence of the aromatization reaction conditions on the catalyst's coke and deactivation and the catalyst's deactivation kinetics are studied. The methods obtained are beneficial to improve the catalyst activity of aromatization reaction to adapt to the necessity of industrialization.


We first summary the elastic optical access network system architecture, Then the media access control layer key technologies include the advanced PHY independent and dependent MAC protocol, and the dynamic resource allocations are summarized.


A soil spiked with 500 mg·kg-1 Pb was amended with calcium dihydrogen pyrophosphate(CDP) or potassium dihydrogen pyrophosphate(PDP) at the rate of P∶Pb=1.95∶1(mol∶mol),and was sampled periodically during 30 days for Pb and phosphorus availability determination.The results indicated that,phosphorus availability of soil amended with PDP was a little higher than that amended with CPD during the first 4 d,after that,no obvious difference of phosphorus availability between these two treatments was detected.Phosphorus availability decreased faster during 1 to 18 d after amendment,followed by slower decrease.PDP amended soils had higher Pb availability during 1 to 4 d and 24 to 30 d than the CDP treatment,no obvious difference was observed during the rest time.Rapid decrease of Pb availability appeared only during 1 to 4 d.Data analysis indicated that the ratio between phosphorus availability decrease and that of Pb(mol∶mol) ranged between 0.893 and 10.9.No significant difference was observed for the Pb availability(P0.5) while significant difference was found for phosphorus availability(P0.05) after Pb-spiked soil was amended with PDP and kept at 10%,30% and 45% water contents and let stand for 10 d.The results of this work suggest that after Pb polluted soil is amended with soluble phosphorus,the availability decrease of phosphorus or Pb is only part of the reason of the availability decrease of another element.


A massive spin one vector field is quantized in the presence of an external potential, with source linear in the vector field, to provide an illustration of the aspects of a quantum theory in an external potential, which are reflections of the causal nature of the corresponding classical theory. In the examples considered, the S operator of the quantum theory is found to be Lorentz invariant or not, according as the corresponding classical theory is causal or not. The normal dependence of the interaction hamiltonian, and the applicability of the generalized Matthews' rule are also discussed.


A method for automatically accessing a conference call including the call by a client of a specific number of participation in a conference call. This call is received and validated by dedicated equipment which then selects an available conference bridge or MCU already dedicated to this conference. This dedicated equipment ensures the establishment of the telephone connection between the client and the MCU selected to ensure client participation in the conference call.


Mental images of Indiana often range from corn, soybeans, and hogs, to high school basketball. The average Hoosier has little knowledge, however, of the scope, productivity, and economic impact of Indiana's forestland. The State's best-kept secret is that its beautiful forests that draw many visitors are also economically vital to the State's economy. A surprise to many is that Indiana is ranked ?rst nationally in the manufacture of wood of?ce furniture, and forest-based businesses are the fourth largest manufacturing sector by employment in the State.


The loss of a limb from an accident, war or disease is more common than one might imagine. Global market for prosthetics and related orthotics (body part braces) together is $2.8 billion. Demand for foot prosthetics has created a market for carbon fiber. Carbon fiber provides more energy storage and return (known as dynamic response) than any other material. Continuous carbon fiber/PEEK is used as an alternative to metals in the fabrication of implantable loadbearing components for orthopedic applications. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a rapidly growing threedimensional (3D) technology. The advances in 3D printing technologies give unconstrained design choice. 3D printing is widely used by Industry leaders in biomedical field now days. The boom in biomedical 3D printing research is wholly supported by its successful commercial use and promises rapid progress and translation to public use. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible high-performance polymer, which is appropriate to be used as an orthopedic/dental implant material. The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of FDMprinted PEEK and its composites are still not clear. Therefore, the FDM-printed CFR-PEEK composite with suitable mechanical strengths has potential as a biomaterial for bone grafting and tissue engineering applications. Objective of this paper is to suggest the optimal implant. The optimal implant is, strong but somewhat flexible, with a modulus of elasticity as close as possible to that of the bone. New polymeric and composite materials are need to be developed to fulfill this


One kind of monitoring and managing system of Computer Room based on ZigBee wire-less sensor networks technology is introduced.This system gathers monitoring data from sensors,and sends data to monitoring center through the ZigBee network and campus LAN based on Ethernet.The system can realize monitoring and managing of the Computer Room,protect the safe and reliable operation of the Computer Room.


The number of shift workers has increased to about 20 percent or more of all workers and it is predicted that the rate of shift workers will increase in the future. The change of sleep time caused by shift work has a n effect on the circadian rhythm. And it is known that there are some factors relating to to!erance to shift work. The purpose of the present study is to search for the factors having effects o n the adjustment to shift work.


Reionization rates of Rydberg states (n>>1 and l=0, 1, and 2) of multiply charged ionic projectiles escaping solid surfaces are calculated. These rates are obtained in an analytic form as a function of the ion-surface distance R. A phenomenological model of the reionization process, based on two-state quantum dynamics, is adopted for the vicinity of the potential barrier top. The results of calculations show that ionization rates for different Rydberg states are strictly localized and relatively separated. Universality of the reionization rate as a function of the scaling parameter {alpha}, describing the turning point configurations, is demonstrated. The reionization is discussed within the framework of a nonresonant population-reionization process at intermediate ionic velocities (v{approx}1 a.u.). The influence of reionization on the population of ionic Rydberg states is expressed in terms of a renormalized neutralization rate. It is demonstrated that the reionization effect significantly changes the population curves for all Rydberg states. The population curves obtained correlate with beam-foil experimental data concerning the S VI, Cl VII, and Ar VIII ions.


Music and movement activities have been found to be beneficial for learning in childhood. The current study was part of the Arts@School project examining the effect of classroom-integrated arts-based interventions (music, movement, music-movement) on various student outcomes. The outcome of interest in the current report is the ability to recognize social interaction, which is one aspect of social cognition, an important but often ignored factor contributing to well-being and learning. The ability to recognize social interaction was studied using a test with two human figures either interacting with each other or moving separately. Children aged 10–11 completed the test pre and post intervention. The intervention groups and an inactive control group were four classes in a school. The interventions were delivered by teachers. The music intervention included listening, singing, and joint music making. The movement intervention was based on a creative dance approach and contained developmental movement patterns. The music-movement intervention focused on bodily experiences arising through activities combining music and movement. All intervention groups improved at the test, whereas the difference between the pre and post measurement did not reach significance in controls. This trend suggests that music and movement interventions integrated in the school learning environment may support children's ability to interpret body motion, an important aspect of social interaction.


Nonconvex optimization is becoming the fashion to solve constrained optimization problems in economics. Classical Lagrangian does not necessarily represent a nonconvex optimization problem. In this paper, we give conditions under which the Classical Lagrangian serves as an exact penalization of a nonconvex programming. This has a simple interpretation and is easy to solve. We use this Classical Lagrangian to provide su¢ cient conditions under which value function is Clarke dif"


The fire services is one of public services that should be provided by Pontianak City Government, as one of the cities with high -risk of fire disaster. In order to provide it, Pontianak City Government assisted by private fire -fighters institutions. O ne of this institutions is BPA Siantan. In conducting its duties, BPA Siantan cooperate with various parties. Then, "How is the partnership relation among BPA Siantan with others to firemanagement services?". This research aims to assess BPA Siantan partnership with othersto provide fire management services in Pontianak. This research used a qualitative method with case study strategy to get and candescribe the research objects deeplyand detail.The results indicated that (1) The fire services of B PA Siantan are not appropriate with the Government standards. (2) BPA Siantan cooperate with other parties, such as local community, Communications Forum, City Government, academics, and APKS (Association of Private Fire -FightersInstitutions) in fire management activities. (3), The partnership of BPA Siantan with the others justlimitedinproviding of information and resources. In the future, to improve the fire management services, the partnership pattern of BPA Siantan with other parties can be developedin activity based costing.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) facilitate monitoring and controlling of physical environments from remote locations with the best possible accuracy. Sensor networks are dense wireless networks consisting of groups of small, inexpensive nodes, which collect and disseminate critical data. Thus, sensor nodes have various energy and computational constraints, due to their inexpensive nature and ad hoc method of deployment. Considerable research has been focused at overcoming these deficiencies through low-energy consumption schemes. Among, other factors, the route selection strategy may have an impact on the network lifetime. In this paper, we present a lifetime prolonging route selection strategy for wireless sensor networks, namely Low Cost Min-Max Energy Routing (LCMMER). The proposed algorithm tries to avoid the least-energy nodes, while at the same time to maintain low energy consumption for each transmission. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed strategy in terms of node lifetime and network connectivity in comparison with the Minimum Total Transmission Power Routing (MTPR) and the Min-Max Battery Cost Routing (MMBCR) route selection strategies.


Rev. George D. Byers, Presbyterian missionary at Kachek, Hainan island, China, was murdered by bandits in front of his home on June 24, 1924, setting off an extraterritorality incident that involved American, British, and Chinese government officials ranging from the local Chinese military commander to the British consul at Hoihow, Hainan, the Chinese Foreign Minister Wellington Koo, U.S. Congressmen, Presbyterians in China and the U.S., and friends of the Byers family. Based on American and British consular archives and those of the Presbyterian Church (USA) and members of the Hainan mission, this is the story of how Mrs. Byers and her ally, Mrs. Mabel Roys, the sole woman on the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (BFM), successfully got the government and their church to take action. Kathleen L. Lodwick is a Professor of History at the Pennsylvania State University, Lehigh Valley.