In the "Epistle to the Reader" introducing his 1672 play The Dumb Lady, or The Farrier Made Physician, John Lacy remarked:I have observed how much more precious to a poet the issue of his brain is than that of his loins, for I have known them bury children without grief or trouble; but the issue of their brain is so dear and tender to them, that if you go about to persuade them but to cut a play or poem shorter, they are so concerned, that every line you cut is valued at a joint, and every speech a limb lopped off. Without doubt, there is a kind of madness in poetry, or else how can a man be so vainly possessed as to think his own works exceed all other men's? (Works 9-10)Lacy's mockery of his fellow authors' proprietary worries is only surprising for readers who are unaware that, in spite of his unequivocal claim to the authorship on the title page, his farce is a rewriting of Moliere's Le Medecin Malgre Lui. In ridiculing proprietary notions of authorship while offering what we may call his "tradaptation" (both translation and adaptation) of Moliere's play as his own composition, Lacy seems to suggest that literary works are not uniquely perfect organisms to which any alteration is equivalent to mutilation. Rather, they are building blocks that can be rearranged, cut, or augmented to create equally valid and valuable constructs. This is certainly borne out by the fact that Lacy's Sauny the Scott, or The Taming of the Shrew held the stage for nearly seventy years between 1667 and 1736. During that time, Sauny effectively supplanted its "original," suggesting that late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century theatre companies and audiences mostly concurred in seeing Lacy's play as no less worthy than Shakespeare's.2As a consequence, I will argue that adaptations such as Sauny are best considered as diachronic collaborations between two distinct "authors" or, more appropriately, "author-functions." "Author-function," a term adapted from Foucault and redefined by John Rouse (147), can be seen as a space in the chain of communication of literary works that can be filled by a single person or several persons and institutions that are representative of the whole process of production. Viewing Sauny as the result of John Lacy and the King's Company's diachronic collaboration with the Shakespearean playtext allows for a nonjudgmental approach that enables the critic to avoid reading such plays as parasitical texts that are of value solely insofar as they can add "to our understanding of Shakespeare" (Oliver 67). The first part of this article will accordingly be dedicated to a discussion of Lacy's most important changes and their probable motivation. I want to argue that, far from being a hermeneutic exercise or even a "mutilation" of Shakespeare's play, Lacy's alterations and appropriation of plot elements and pieces of dialogue are motivated by and must be considered within the context of Restoration cultural and theatrical politics. In the second part of the article, I will discuss the adaptation's early publication history. In particular, I will focus on the attribution of authorship to show the changes of attitude that took place between our first record of the play in 1667 and 1719, the starting-date of the vilification of Sauny the Scott in literary criticism. My argument throughout is that although the survival of Sauny in modern criticism is due exclusively to its link to Shakespeare, the humor and theatrical energy of Lacy's rewriting warrant a critical appreciation that is free from comparative value judgments.When Pepys saw the play on 9 April 1667, his diary entry reveals no awareness of Sonny's authorship. Whereas he generally thought it "but a mean play," the one part he was particularly taken with was the role of Sauny, and that despite the character's incomprehensible Scottish accent (the diarist complained that "Sawny ... hath not half its life, by reason of the words I suppose not being understood, at least by me"). …


Models of a variety of neurons share the same form as the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuron and evidence suggests that single-compartment models can capture the key properties of in vivo and in vitro neurons. In this paper we are going to discuss about how the conductance of the excitatory and inhibitory synapse vary when the pre synaptic action potential arrived at the synapse and how this synaptic conductance affects the information transfer in the single neuron. In our model the injected current is replaced with the synaptic current in the HH model. In order to validate the impact of excitatory and inhibitory synapse in the generation of action potential, the extended HH model is examined with various synaptic inputs.


This exploratory research investigates the factors that might influence a specific group of users' mental models of a Web search engine, Google, as measured in the dimension of completeness. A modified mental model completeness scale (MMCS) was developed based on Borgman's, Dimitroff s, and Saxon's models, encompassing the perception of (1) the nature of the Web search engine, (2) searching features of the Web search engine, and (3) the interaction between the searcher and the Web search engine. With this scale, a participant's mental model completeness level was determined by how many components of the first two parts of the scale were described and which level of interaction between the participant and Google was revealed during the searches. The choice of the factors was based on the previous studies on individual differences among information seekers, including user's search experience, cognitive style, learning style, technical aptitudes, training received, discipline, and gender. Sixteen Ph.D. students whose first language is English participated in the research. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine the students' mental model completeness level (MMCL) as well as their search experience, training received, discipline and gender. Direct observation technique was employed to observe students' actual interactions with Google. Standard tests were administered to determine the students' cognitive styles, learning styles and technical aptitudes.


Engineered bamboo composite (EBC) is a new high-strength anisotropic structural material, which has standardized sections and less inherent variability than the natural material. For safety reasons in structural applications, the characteristic values of mechanical behaviors are needed to build the design values utilized in practical application. Recent research studies on EBC focused on the mechanical properties from a single source, with little research on the sampling of the manufacturers. The present work investigates mechanical properties of two types of commercially available EBC—parallel strand bamboo (PSB) and laminated veneer bamboo (LVB). The main aim of this work is to evaluate the best probability distribution model (normal, lognormal, and Weibull) and mechanical properties for EBC in China and determine the characteristic values indicated by ASTM D2915. The mechanical properties in tensile, compression, and shear were evaluated using about 4300 small clear specimens from seven manufacturers in five raw bamboo origins of China. Based on the confidence band method, the strength grading of EBC subjected to compressive strength was developed with two predictors (density and MOE). By using intervals of each predictor, several strength grades were built. Each grade has the mean compressive strength, 5th percentile lower value (R0.05), and characteristic value (Rk), which could be used in structural design. This research contributes to the establishment of EBC standards and is essential for further accepting these materials in structural engineering.


The topic of this paper is the distinction that we find in several places of Hegel's work between mere concepts and so-called ideas. Sometimes Hegel speaks rather of, on the one hand, mere representations – concepts that are mere representations – and, on the other, in an emphatic and contrary sense, concepts – that is, concepts that are not mere representations – but the distinction is in all these cases one and the same. Many controversial issues that the contemporary interpretation of Hegel arises are related to this distinction. Among them, one that seems to me of a remarkable importance is the proper understanding of the relation between Hegel's idealism and the idealism of other German Idealists. Capturing the relation between Hegel's work and, particularly, the work of Kant, Fichte and Schelling has not an inessential significance for the actualisation of Hegel. As a matter of fact, you cannot ignore this relation or remain puzzled about it and nonetheless pretend to have worked out the main argument of his Logic or his Phenomenology of Spirit. Philosophy, according to Hegel, has to do with ideas, with concepts that have given themselves their own actuality,1 but the philosophy of Kant and Fichte, at least of these two idealists, has to do mainly with representations. This is Hegel's certainty. So, what is a concept that is not a mere representation? One of the claims I would like to defend today is that this question gets an answer in the Science of Logic. This could strike someone who assumes that logic is a formal science, whose subject matter are mental representations and their relations, may them be representations of something actual or not – although the very idea of representations that may not represent anything is in itself, as Hegel would put it, barbaric. Hegel indeed considers logic, including his logic, a formal science.2 For this reason, I am here firstly concerned with the sense in which the Science of Logic (SL hereafter) may address after all something actual. Some suggestions regarding this will be made in the first part of my paper (1). The second part of it will be devoted to explain which kind of actuality, from a Hegelian point of view, we may say that a concept gives itself and how it does (2). I will claim that it is not the actuality that Kantian practical ideas somehow give themselves, although Hegel himself compares his ideas with those practical ideas of Kant.3 It is also not the actuality of Fichte's 'I' or Fichte's self-consciousness, although Hegel himself explains 'the I' as the pure concept that has come into determinate existence.4 My opinion is that we should look for decisive clarifications on how the concepts give themselves their own actuality in the transition from the section on 'Objectivity' to the section on 'the Idea' of the SL and that this piece of text establishes that for Hegel concepts exist generally as internal ends that realise themselves, in the precise sense that we may and indeed must say that living beings as such produce themselves. Life is, I will argue, the general model of the objectification of concepts that Hegel favours. Needless to say, here I will just try to make clear what I mean by this, since in the short space available evidence that the SL should be interpreted exactly in those terms cannot be provided.


Sexual violence has long been considered a by-product of war. Women are presented as the sole victims, with men being allocated the role of perpetrator. To explain the perpetration of wartime sexual violence, scholars traditionally draw upon men's presumed biological need for sexual release, resulting in their victims acting as substitutes for their partners at home (Wood, 2009:398). To an extent, this essay shall acknowledge that this is in fact true. However, instead of approaching male perpetration as biologically deterministic I aim to argue that perpetration is socially determined. In that society has created a masculine identity that is based upon socially agreed discourses that militarise men partake in to construct and maintain hegemonic masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity is presented as the most idealised version of being a man, therefore the destruction of hegemony can offer strategic gains during wartime. I aim not to denounce individual agency or responsibility but to highlight how a societal construction has become a structural factor contributing to male sexual victimisation. This essay, therefore, aims to illustrate how hegemony is constructed, maintained and legitimated through the practice of sexual violence. Strategically utilised as a tactic to decimate the masculine identities of male enemy combatants and civilians.


Ketoprofen is a 2-(3-benzolphenyl)propionic acid with antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is used in the treatment of variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis as well as menstrual abdominal cramps. Ketoprofen's oral, dermal, rectal or intravenous formulations are available. The average ketoprofen elimination half-life is 2-4 hours. It has a simple metabolism, and a broad therapeutic window, and does not show accumulation in the body following multiple administration. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in to urine and to a lesser extent in the faeces. In this review, physicochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in addition to bioavailability of ketoprofen are discussed.


This research will discuss the practice of forced marriage tradition by customary sanctions for returning home late at night in the Lekuk 50 Tumpi Lempur Jambi community. This research will also examine the interaction between Islamic law and customary law on the sanctions of the tradition. The research method used is field research. Data is collected by interviewing 16 informants, 7 couples, and two traditional leaders in Lekuk Lima Puluh Tumbi Lempur Jambi. Furthermore, the data that has been obtained is analyzed. So that the research results found that the interaction of Islamic law and customary law in the tradition of forced marriage in the Lekuk 50 Tumbi Lempur community, First, pre-marriage or imposition of sanctions, the nuances of Islamic law and custom go hand in hand. Second, the marriage contract procession is carried out with the Islamic religion, such as pillars and conditions. Third, post-contract, although the nuances of custom can be said to be more, it does not leave the nuances of religion. Theoretically, this research offers insight into the harmonious and complementary relationship between Islamic law and customary law, which is different because the two laws generally intersect. In addition, practically, this research reveals the practice of forced marriage carried out by custom, not from the family, which generally occurs


In recent years,our country and a number of provinces set up evaluating small-medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) system,and choose some representatives SMEs.Their common limitations are that they haven't considered the enterprise pollutions,and become the micro paradox of cycleeconomy.The authors introduce sustainable development and cycle-economy conception into evaluating SMEs system,and evaluated enterprises will be in accordance with building harmony society and green GDP based on our evaluating system.Due to absence of some conditions at present,it is difficult widely to use our evaluating system.At last,we set forth some countermeasures.


In this article attention is drawn to a striking difference between recent attempts to reform local government in the Netherlands and in Germany. What has been the prime focus of attention in the Netherlands in the 1980s is being emphasized in Germany in the 1990s, and what is being emphasized in the Netherlands in the 1990s has been the prime focus of attention in Germany in the 1980s. Trends in local goverment reform in the Netherlands have been going from a focus on more efficiency to a focus on more democracy, while trends in local government reform in Germany have been going the other way around. Likely explanations for these intersecting reform trends are built on four pillars: financial crises, legitimacy crises, formal institutions and informal institutions


In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money – a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy. A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index, usually the consumer price index, over time. The opposite of inflation is deflation. If economic growth matches the growth of the money supply, inflation should not occur when all else is equal. A large variety of factors can affect the rate of both. For example, investment in market production, infrastructure, education, and preventative health care can all grow an economy in greater amounts than the investment spending.Methodology:the current study is descriptive correlational research. Based on nature of data, it is considered among the qualitative studies. The study period is from 2009 to 2013. The population of study included all 487 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.Results:According to the findings of regression test, it can be stated that indices of levels of disclosure type, total level disclosure (TINDEX) and voluntary disclosure considering the P-value smaller than 0.05 are significantly effective in determining the profit quality level of studies companies.Conclusion:it could be concluded that in the case of the companies studied in this study, appropriate disclosure information of would lead to the positive consequences such as reducing the asymmetry of information, reducing the uncertainty about the future performance of the company, reducing the cost of stock transactions, increasing liquidity, and enhancing the efficiency of the capital market.


Computation-intensive mobile applications are explosively increasing and cause computation overload for smart mobile devices (SMDs). With the assistance of mobile edge computing and mobile cloud computing, SMDs can rent computation resources and offload the computation-intensive applications to edge clouds and remote clouds, which reduces the application completion delay and energy consumption of SMDs. In this paper, we consider the mobile applications with task call graphs and investigate the task offloading and resource scheduling problem in hybrid edge-cloud networks. Due to the interdependency of tasks, time-varying wireless channels, and stochastic available computation resources in the hybrid edge-cloud networks, it is challenging to make task offloading decisions and schedule computation frequencies to minimize the weighted sum of energy, time, and rent cost (ETRC). To address this issue, we propose two efficient algorithms under different conditions of system information. Specifically, with full system information, the task offloading and resource scheduling decisions are determined based on semidefinite relaxation and dual decomposition methods. With partial system information, we propose a deep reinforcement learning framework, where the future system information is inferred by long short-term memory networks. The discrete offloading decisions and continuous computation frequencies are learned by a modified deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm. Extensive simulations evaluate the convergence performance of ETRC with various system parameters. Simulation results also validate the superiority of the proposed task offloading and resource scheduling algorithms over baseline schemes.


The interactions between sea urchin spermatozoa and ova during fertilization usually exhibit a high degree of species specificity. Under natural conditions and reasonable gamete concentrations, most interspecific inseminations fail to yield zygotes. Macromolecules on the external surfaces of the apposing gametes must surely be responsible for successful gamete recognition, adhesion and fusion. Species specific recognition between surface components of sperm and egg could occur during at least three events comprising the fertilization process. The first event is the interaction of the sperm plasma membrane with the egg jelly coat. This induces the sperm acrosome reaction resulting in the exocytosis of the "bindin" -containing acrosome granule and also the extrusion of the acrosome process from the anterior tip of the sperm. The second event is the adhesion of the bindin-coated acrosome process to glycoprotein "bindin receptors" on the external surface of the egg vitelline layer. The third event is the penetration of the vitelline layer and the fusion of sperm and egg plasma membranes. With the isolations of the component of egg jelly which induces the acrosome reaction, sperm bindin from the acrosome vesicle and the egg surface bindin receptor from the vitelline layer, there is hope of discovering the molecular basis of this most interesting intercellular interaction which results in the activation of embryonic development.


In the finite-element analysis of soil-structure interaction problems, shell elements are important to model structural components such as tunnel linings or sheet pile walls. In this paper the development, implementation, and testing of a curved quadrilateral isoparametric shear deformable shell element are presented. An overriding concern in the analysis of soil-structure interaction problems is the C0 compatibility of the shell elements with the solid elements used to model the soil. Many recent publications on shell elements deal with the elements in a purely structural context and therefore do not require the C0 compatibility with solid elements. The development of the shell element presented here forms an extension of a new approach to curved Mindlin and axisymmetric shell elements introduced by Day and Potts in 1990. There are no generally accepted benchmarking marking problems for the use of shell elements in three-dimensional geotechnical engineering problems. Consequently, the performance of the ...


The goal of the ScipySim project is to develop a heterogeneous system simulation capability for the SciPy scientific computing platform, based on an executable version of the Lee/Sangiovanni-Vincentelli tagged signal model that was proposed by Caspi et al. Instead of using a centralized simulation engine, ScipySim simulations are composed of autonomous actors that interact by passing tagged events through first-in/first-out queues. The resulting simulation system is completely decentralized, and well-suited to distributed execution. We describe the design and operation of ScipySim, its current status, and prospects for the future.


CONTEXT
Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) presents as a part of inherited syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 1 and 2. In patients with MEN1, parathyroid hyperplasia or multiple adenomas occur in approximately 90-95%. MEN2A-related HPT is characterized by a mild hypercalcemia, which is mostly asymptomatic.

OBJECTIVE
Here we present a family with coexistence of MEN1 gene mutation and RET mutation.

RESULTS
Six family members carrying MEN1 gene mutation IVS5 + 1G>A only, one family member with RET mutation Y791F, and three family members with both MEN1 gene and RET mutation were studied. The key to diagnosis was recurrent HPT in a young male carrying RET mutation Y791F, a mutation not likely to give rise to recurrent HPT.

CONCLUSION
MEN1 gene mutation and RET codon 791 mutation in the same patient did not affect the typical phenotype of MEN1 or MEN2, and also the course of diseases seems to be unchanged. The reason may be that both mutations, although contributing to tumor pathogenesis, do not interact and induce a worsening of the cancer syndromes.


Droplet generating in an immiscible liquid is the core technology of the droplet based biochemistry analysis. A new method, not based on micro-fluidic chip, is here proposed to produce micro scale aqueous phase droplets in oil phase liquid. The principle of the droplet generator is to actuate a hollow PZT stack by a signal generator and a voltage amplification to provide an enough pulse inertia force for a glass micro-nozzle and aqueous phase liquid inside to eject droplets. The minimum diameter of the produced spherical droplets is below 10 μm, which is below 1 pL. The range of droplets formation frequency is 2 Hz~50 Hz. A fused silica capillary is used to store the produced droplets by a designed low-pressure suction apparatus and the distance between the neighboring droplets is controlled by the low-pressure value. The proposed method in this article may be a promising approach for droplet-based single cell encapsulating and analyzing.


Abstract Based on the data collected in a one-year long fieldwork in Zhong, a county located in middle part of China, this article reconsiders the concept of "useless schooling," which was proposed in recent studies on the perceptions of value of education among lower-class rural residents in China. It calls for a understanding of those changes in the macro social structure, which becomes increasingly stratified, and the emerging patterns of educational opportunity structure in the era of social transformation, and argues that this is the base for the understanding lower-class rural parents' perceptions on the value of schooling. This article employs Bourdieu's concept of "habitus" and conceptualizes the process of how lower-class rural residents form their value on school education as a process of structural factors being internalized into individual dispositions. Based on the data collected, this article proposes to use the concept of "hopeless schooling" to capture their perceptions on the value of school education. It emphasizes that the emerging education opportunity structure and differentiated chances of social mobility by different social groups have gradually been transformed into a stratified pattern of "expectations" for education and social mobility, and proposes the need to examine the ongoing solidification of social structure in this period of transformation.


During the past 20 years,the pathway of chlorophyll breakdown has been deepinvestigated,especially the structure elucidation of nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites which is crucial for the cognizance of chlorophyll breakdown pathway.The effects of some catabolic enzymes involved in the chlorophyll degradation have been further demonstrated and part of the pathway is revised and completed.Moreover,the physiologic roles of chlorophyll catabolites enrich the significance of chlorophyll breakdown which is not only a prerequisite to detoxify the phototoxic pigments catabolites,but also is relevant to the viability of senescent leaves and ripening frui.


········································· ··················································· 1 I. NTRODUCTION ··············································································· 3 II.MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Cell culture ··············································································· 6 2.2. Western blotting ····························· ················································· 6 2.3. Measurement of fluid absorption capacity ····· ·································· 7 2.4. Measurement of intracellular pH and NHE activi ty ························· 7 2.5. Solutions and chemicals ······················ ·········································· 10 2.6. Statistical analysis ··································································· 10 III. RESULTS 3.1. Molecular expression and functional activity o f NHE isoforms on the luminal surface of NHMEE cells NHEs in fluid absorption ··· ·· ·············· 11 3.1. The role of NHEs in fluid absorption ······································· 15 3.3. The effect of dexamethasone on NHEs activity ······························ 15 3.4. The effect of dexamethasone on NHEs expressi on and NHE3-dependent fluid absorption ········································ ············································ 17 IV. DISCUSSION ···································· ················································ 19 V. CONCLUSION ····································· ·············································· 21 REFERENCES ·················································································· 22 국문요약 ···························································································· 26


Three constructions for binary lattices with strong pseudorandom properties are given. These constructions are the two dimensional extensions and modifications of three of the most important one dimensional constructions. The upper estimates for the pseudorandom measures of the binary lattices constructed are based on the principle that character sums in two variables can be estimated by fixing one of the variables, then we get a character sum in one variable which can be estimated by using Weil's theorem. Communicated by Robert F. Tichy


Economic law conception includes idea and belief of economic law,social harmony which is regarded as basic conception of economic law has specific implications.The paper illustrate why social harmony is economic law conception through its background dependence and accord with its values,aims and principles,then further analyses the relations between economic law and its conception of social harmony and building socialism harmonious society.


Background: DNA deletions at short repeat sites containing ribonucleotides are Top1-dependent. Results: Top1 generates DNA deletions at short repeat sites in vitro and also reverses nicks at ribonucleotide sites. Conclusion: The impact of Top1 on the ribonucleotide sites is both negative and positive. Significance: We elucidate the detailed mechanism of Top1 interacting with ribonucleotide sites, the most frequently misincorporated non-canonical nucleotides. Ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) are among the most frequent form of DNA aberration, as high ratios of ribonucleotide triphosphate:deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pools result in approximately two misincorporated rNMPs/kb of DNA. The main pathway for the removal of rNMPs is by RNase H2. However, in a RNase H2 knock-out yeast strain, a topoisomerase I (Top1)-dependent mutator effect develops with accumulation of short deletions within tandem repeats. Proposed models for these deletions implicated processing of Top1-generated nicks at rNMP sites and/or sequential Top1 binding, but experimental support has been lacking thus far. Here, we investigated the biochemical mechanism of the Top1-induced short deletions at the rNMP sites by generating nicked DNA substrates bearing 2′,3′-cyclic phosphates at the nick sites, mimicking the Top1-induced nicks. We demonstrate that a second Top1 cleavage complex adjacent to the nick and subsequent faulty Top1 religation led to the short deletions. Moreover, when acting on the nicked DNA substrates containing 2′,3′-cyclic phosphates, Top1 generated not only the short deletion, but also a full-length religated DNA product. A catalytically inactive Top1 mutant (Top1-Y723F) also induced the full-length products, indicating that Top1 binding independent of its enzymatic activity promotes the sealing of DNA backbones via nucleophilic attacks by the 5′-hydroxyl on the 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate. The resealed DNA would allow renewed attempt for repair by the error-free RNase H2-dependent pathway in vivo. Our results provide direct evidence for the generation of short deletions by sequential Top1 cleavage events and for the promotion of nick religation at rNMP sites by Top1.


: A short and efficient synthesis of a tricyclic core structure of mniopetals based on a new, highly diastereoselective PhSeLi induced Baylis-Hillman reaction and an endo -selective Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (IMDA) as key steps is presented.


This research work has as main objective: to use puppets of fingers as a didactic resource for the initiation to reading in high school. The work with the puppet is internally tied to the physical, melodious, plastic and literary work the puppets as didactic means form a skillful means to develop in the child skills, which allow him to understand the ideas and adapt with his environment as a teaching tactic . Theater with puppets has long been established as an appreciable tool in all areas of education. But in many cases it is limited in classrooms due to lack of financial resources, by the teachers at the time of their classes, through some scientific articles we are going to guide us on how to make recyclable resources, to make our own puppets to carry out a work theatrical.
 The puppet is not only a tool to entertain children with their magic, but it is a didactic resource that helps the development of creativity, language, social interaction, and fine psychomotricity and mainly motivates them to express their emotions and feelings through Observation and the management of the same, making the skills become a fun, creative and significant moment in the teaching process.


The article considers civil society as a variety of non-state-mediated relations of free and equal individuals in the conditions of the market and democratic legal statehood, its system, functions and role in the modern world. Attention is focused on national communities, which are elements of civil society. The issues related to the activities of national communities, their functions and features are highlighted.


This paper describes the design of a nonlinear robust/adaptive controller for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle model. Due to its complexity, a high fidelity model of the vehicle dynamics derived from first principles is used only in simulations, while a simplified model is adopted for control design. This control-oriented model retains most of the features of the high fidelity model, including non-minimum phase characteristic of the flight-path angle dynamics and strong couplings between the engine and flight dynamics, whereas flexibility effects are regarded as a dynamic perturbation. A nonlinear sequential loop-closure approach is adopted to design a dynamic state-feedback controller that provides stable tracking of velocity and altitude reference trajectories and allows to impose a desired trim value for the angle of attack. Simulation results show that the proposed methodology achieves excellent tracking performances in spite of parameter uncertainties.


The content,feature and weakness of sports planning in "National Basic Public Service System in 12th Five-Year Plan"were discussed. Sports planning highlights the status of mass sports, embodies double consideration of fairness and efficiency and "non-equilibrium"sports "equalization". Some deficiencies of sports planning were pointed out and appropriate suggestions was recommended.


With the rising requirement of satellite communications bandwidth,dual-polarized technology is applied in many satellite communication systems,which can double the communication abilities. Depolarization of electromagnetic waves passing through rain mediums is of crucial importance to the design of new dual-polarization satellite communication systems. This paper focuses on estimation of rain depolarization effect in satellite communication systems using the method of ITU-R,and makes some computing simulation. The results can help us designing satellite communication systems.


It is a universal phenomenon that there exist in most languages quite a number of formulaic language chunks,namely lexicalized sentence stems.The employment of such linguistic information chunks helps to shorten speakers' encoding time when they conduct language output,and to enhance the efficiency when they decode language input.Therefore second language learners need to strengthen their attention to those information chunks in the target language and intake them so that they can enhance their L2 performance.To further test the effect of language chunks on interlanguage development,we also conducted an empirical research,the result of which demonstrates that the employment of those chunks could promote its development.


Mathematical models can assist to design and understand control strategies for limited resources in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This paper studies the dynamical behavior of a Filippov predator–prey model with periodic forcing. Firstly, bifurcation analyses are carried out to show that the Filippov predator–prey ecosystem may have very complex dynamics, i.e. the system may have periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic solutions, as well as period doubling bifurcations. Meanwhile, the model is analyzed theoretically and numerically to understand how resource limitation and periodic forcing affect pest population outbreaks, the intersection between the initial densities (pest and natural enemy populations) and pest control has been discussed. Furthermore, the sliding surface, sliding mode dynamics, the existence and stability of sliding periodic solution of the proposed model and its application in IPM strategy are investigated. Our results show that several hidden factors can adversely affect our control strategy in limited resource and fluctuating environment. Thus, choosing a proper threshold value ET may play a decisive role in pest control, which confirms that IPM is the optimal control strategy.


In India, industry is the second highest consumer of water. Th e main sources of water for the industrial sector are groundwater and surface water. Groundwater has emerged as an important source to meet the water requirements of industries. Choice of source of water depends on the availability of suffi cient and regular supply of water and the cost of water from the source. While the running cost of surface water is mainly the price paid to the supplier—the municipal bodies; the cost of groundwater is the extraction cost—energy used (electricity/diesel). Since the prices of all the inputs, water, electricity, and diesel are administered or regulated by the government, the ineffi cient use of water remains a normal practice. Since the surface water supply from municipal sources is not suffi ciently guaranteed, industrial units tend to depend on groundwater. Industrial water demand has been increasing with the pace of industrial development. Th e growth in some of the water intensive industries has been quite signifi cant, putting further pressure on the industrial demand for water. While the annual growth in the chemical industry and construction has been around 9 per cent, it has been around 6 per cent in textile and food since the 1990s and 5 per cent in paper and paper products industry. Industrial Water Demand in India


In this letter, we present a novel approach to target scene identification using ultrawideband software-defined radar system, which utilizes frequency-angle diversity and refines the decision via the numerically implemented generalized likelihood ratio test. The two stages of the method are discussed, as well as the Monte Carlo statistical simulation and its results. The experimental results are presented for two very similar target scenes, each of which had been successfully identified using training data available for five different scenarios. The proposed approach is tailored for use in multicarrier radar sensor systems; specifically, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system is considered in this letter.


Abstract Compared to conventional materials, nanocomposites of conjugated polymers are found to have excellent performance due to a larger exposed surface area. In this study, polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh) and polyazopyridine (PAP)/nanodiamonds (NDs) composites were efficiently synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization. Physical characteristics of fabricated nanocomposites were explored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR indicated layer-by-layer oxidative polymerization of various matrices on functional ND (F-ND) surfaces. FESEM revealed the fibrillar (web-like) morphology of multilayered nanocomposites having a granular arrangement of NDs. TGA of multilayered F-NDs/PAP/PANi/PTh showed 10% degradation at an enhanced temperature of 482°C compared with F-NDs/PANi/PPy/PTh (471°C). Improvement in glass transition of layered material was observed from 99°C (NDs/PANi/PPy/PTh) to 121°C (NDs/PAP/PANi/PTh). Functional filler also contributed towards the enhancement in the conductivity of NDs/PAP/PANi/PTh (5.7 S cm-1) relative to NDs/PANi/PPy/PTh (3.7 S cm-1) systems. New conducting composites are potentially important in various applications, including polymer lithium-ion batteries.


Marijeta Bozovic and Matthew D. Miller, Introduction: River Futures. Katherine Arens, Danube Limes: The Limits of the Geographic-Cultural Imaginary. Robert Dassanowsky, Taking the Waters: The Danube's Reception in Austrian and Central/Eastern European Cinema History. Micaela Baranello, Viennese Blood: Assimilation and Exclusion in Viennese Popular Music. Henry Sussman, Caught in the Effluvial Draft: The Fluid Sources of the Folktale. Robert Lemon, New York on the Danube: The Transatlantic Transference of Habsburg Ethnology and Autocracy in Kafka's Amerika: The Missing Person. Jennifer Stob, Private Looking and Collective Memory in The Danube Exodus (1998). Karl Ivan Solibakke, Jelinek and the Roma: A Danubian Tragedy. Robert Nemes, Ravaged Empire: Water and Power in Prewar Hungary. Jessie Labov, Cold Days in the Cold War on the Hungarian-Serbian Border. Tomislav Z. Longinović, Allergic Reactions: Danube and the Ex-centric Imaginary of Europe. Dragan Kujundžić, Against the Stream: The Danube, the Video, and the Nonbiodegradables of Europe. Amanda Lerner, Deconstructing Claims to (Jewish) Victimhood. Juliana Maxim, Modernization's Undercurrents: The Folk in Postwar Socialist Romanian Architecture. Tanya Richardson, Where the Water Sheds: Disputed Deposits at the Ends of the Danube.


DNA and RNA sequencing of paired primary tumor/metastases from 381 patients with metastatic breast cancer shed light on enriched genomic alterations, subtype switching, and immune cell composition, and identified new candidate biomarkers of premature lethality.


In north‐central Venezuela Lutzomyia gomezi and Lu. ovallesi are the main endophilic/anthropophilic species of phlebotomine sandflies implicated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Lutzomyia ovallesi has been found infected with Leishmania braziliensis (1.2%) and less often with Le. mexicana (0.07%), while Le. braziliensis infections have also been found in Lu. gomezi (0.47%). We investigated population densities of these sandflies using two sampling methods with four series of collections between January 1991 and March 1995 at El Ingenio, Miranda State. All‐night outdoor collections from a Shannon trap were correlated with indoor collections from CDC light–traps by linear regression, which proved to be statistically significant for both species. Estimated numbers of female sandflies per house per night were found to be proportional to monthly precipitation (i.e. rainfall), with a lag time of seven months for Lu. ovallesi and of six months for Lu. gomezi. Predominance of Lu. ovallesi over Lu. gomezi (c. 10 :1 ) was observed throughout the year, with the number of infected females estimated as 0.043 ± 0.047 Lu. ovallesi and 0.0085 ± 0.0124 Lu. gomezi per CDC trap per house per night (ratio ∼ 5:1). The mean rate of new CL cases per house per year and sandfly abundance were correlated by linear regression, showing a statistically significant relationship for Lu. ovallesi but not for Lu. gomezi. The negative intercept indicated that, on average, the CDC trap density exceeds 800 Lu. ovallesi females/house/year before new CL cases occur at El Ingenio.


Nowadays, innovation education is the focus and core of the global reform of education since the innovative spirits and abilities are definitely vital to the prosperity and decline of a nation. The biological tuition in middle school, carried out by teachers who play fairly a key part, is one of the important means to cultivate the innovation spirits and ablities of students. In this background of innovation education, the biological teachers should set up the life-long-learning concept, and deeply master the essence of their multiple roles as "learning mentor","intelligency exploiter""partner"and"psychological doctor",etc. What's more, they'll are fully devoted themselves to the biological teaching process.


The transportation of sick or injured people presents all kinds of challenges and high risk situa- tions. Beginning with an important analysis, we will describe an ambulance service in terms of its main oper- ation parameters and variables. Using statistical tools and assisted by queuing theory, we will calculate the most important performance indicators. We will be quantified the service requirement and the real capacity to respond to any circumstance. As well, we will determine real factors about each of the process concerning the attention of an emergency in the city of Bogota, all of these looking to improve the quality of the service.


The purpose of this study was to examine how homeless women learned to survive in their daily lives. Their relationships contributed to many years of unsettling experiences and continuous transitional situations. Each woman followed a progression of sophisticated street smarts, but eventually faced a devastating decision which served as the impetus for a learning experience that resulted in an empowering change.


Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission VidyalayaCollege of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641 020, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract. In this study, Amberlite weak acid cation-exchange resin has been used as an adsorbent for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions. Adsorption studies were performed by varying metal ion concentration, pH, agitation time and weight of resin. Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm parameters were calculated using the equilibrium adsorption data. The ion-exchange process, which is pH dependant, indicated that maximum removal of Cu(II) was obtained at pH 5±0.1. Kinetic studies were carried out and the data obtained were applied to pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. Finally, the metal-laden resin can be regenerated effectively by HCl solution. Thus the results obtained from batch mode studies and various isotherm models indicate that Amberlite IRC86 is a promising adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) from contaminated waters.


nF the many problems in Preventive Medicine which arc occupying the 0 attention of sanitarians at the present time, probably none is of so great and urgent importance as the prevention of smallpox. Although for over a century .1 preventive remedy lias been discovered whereby its fell ravages might be stayed, and although the practice of vaccination has been the statute law of this country for about half that period, the sanitarian is being confronted in different parts of this country at the present day by mure or less widespread epidemics of the disease, which cause great discomfort nt least to those who are stricken, some loss of life in those who are unvaccinated, much anxiety to the communities in which the outbreaks occur, and considerable outlays of public money in effecting their repression. A necessary part of the machinery to deal with such outbreaks is the


Mrs M.B. (57), was admitted to Selly Oak Hospital in Birmingham on 4 August 1987 for a routine cataract operation. Unfortunately, a locum anaesthetist (K.T.) wrongly inserted the tube into the patient's oesophagus. A few minutes later the patient collapsed, whereupon the consultant was summoned to help, leaving his own patient until the senior registrar (A.M.) arrived. The registrar discovered the misplaced tube, and relocated it, but the patient had by then been deprived of oxygen for some 14 minutes. She suffered severe brain damage, and died 2 months later from bronchopneumonia. Dr L. Groves, a consultant anaesthetist who had been charged with carrying out an investigation said at the inquest which was held in April 1988, that the difficulties in directing the tube into the larynx were an almost daily occurrence, but that this was usually noticed long before any damage could be done. (Emphasis supplied). The deputy coroner, Mr C . Ball, recorded a verdict of accidental death.


We have proposed a radio frequency (RF) magnetized outer circular ring-shaped plasma sputtering source with a concentrically monopole arrangement of magnets with each gap of $d =5$mm for specific area target utilization [1–3]. The three setups, that is, with a center magnet, and type (a): magnet arrangement with three circles, type (b): magnet arrangement with two circles, and type (c): magnet arrangement with one circle are investigated from the point of view of specific area target utilization. The experiments were performed in stainless-steel cylindrical RF discharge chamber with outer diameter of 235 mm, inner diameter of 160 mm and 195 mm in height, where Ar gas pressure of 1.50 [Pa], and RF power of 50 [W] at 13.56 [MHz] are used to produce the plasma. From the 2D magnetic flux lines and their profiles, it is found that the magnetic flux density in component parallel to the target surface has a peak outside the exterior circle of magnets for all setups. Ring-shaped plasma in the specific outer area is observed at the position with the peak magnetic flux density and its diameter depends on a number of magnet circles. The results show that the target utilization can be controlled in the outer specific region near the wall. The typical RF magnetized plasma discharge, the RF discharge voltages, the self-bias dc voltages and the radial profiles of ion saturation currents, electron temperature and plasma density have been also investigated.


We will study the impact of adolescent sports participation on early-adulthood health using longitudinal data from the National Study of Youth and Religion. We focus on two primary outcomes measured at ages 23--28 -- self-rated health and total score on the PHQ9 Patient Depression Questionnaire -- and control for several potential confounders related to demographics and family socioeconomic status. Comparing outcomes between sports participants and matched non-sports participants with similar confounders is straightforward. Unfortunately, an analysis based on such a broad exposure cannot probe the possibility that participation in certain types of sports (e.g. collision sports like football or soccer) may have larger effects on health than others. In this study, we introduce a hierarchy of exposure definitions, ranging from broad (participation in any after-school organized activity) to narrow (e.g. participation in limited-contact sports). We will perform separate matched observational studies, one for each definition, to estimate the health effects of several levels of sports participation. In order to conduct these studies while maintaining a fixed family-wise error rate, we developed an ordered testing approach that exploits the logical relationships between exposure definitions. Our study will also consider several secondary outcomes including body mass index, life satisfaction, and problematic drinking behavior.


The continuous change in the electronic band structure of metal-adsorbed bilayer graphene was calculated as a function of metal coverage using first-principles calculations. Instead of modifying the unit cell size as a function of metal coverage, the distance between the metal atoms and bilayer graphene in the same 2×2 unit unit cell was controlled to change the total charges transferred from the metal atoms to bilayer graphene. The validity of the theoretical method was confirmed by reproducing the continuous change in the electronic band structure of K-adsorbed epitaxial bilayer graphene, as shown by Ohta et al. [Science 313, 951 (2006)]. In addition, the changes in the electronic band structures of undoped, n-type, and p-type bilayer graphene were studied schematically as a function of metal coverage using the theoretical method.


The present mechanism allows commands entered on a command line in a command line operating environment the ability to execute in a first execution mode or an alternate execution mode. The command is executed in the alternate execution mode if the command includes an instruction to execute in the alternate execution mode. The alternate execution mode is provided by the operating environment and provides extended functionality to the command. The alternate execution mode may visually display results of executing the command, visually display simulated results of executing the command, prompt for verification before executing the command, may perform a security check to determine whether a user requesting the execution has sufficient privileges to execute the command, and the like.


The contributicns of educational indicators, including school district size, number of master degree teachers, minimum foundation program aid, expense per student, and personnel salaries, to the eightn grade passing rates on the Minimum Performance Test (MPT) for Arkansas' 329 school districts for the 1987-88 school year were investigated. Analysis using multiple egression and Pearson correlation techniques indicated that none of the factors accounted for more than slight contributions to the variance in the percentage of students passing the MPT by district.


Milk and its derivatives are major sources of micronutrients an overdose of these can be harmful. This study aimed to measure heavy metals concentration and its derivatives from the Factory LFB (Boudouaou Cheese Dairy) in Boumerdes, Algeria. The concentration were measured using a graphite furnace spectrophotometer, the all data processing was carried with XL-STAT 2014 software. The mean values (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cd, Cr and Pb) lie respectively between: (0.019-0.45), (0.29-7.24), (0.21- 0.56), (1.09-120.77), (0.012-0.41), (0.006-0.027), (0.086-0.72mg/L) Higher levels of Cd, Fe, Cr and Pb were observed in pasteurized milk and cheese, and higher levels of Zn and Cu in cheese than in other sampales, all exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) limits. The highest non-carcinogenic risk quotient (NCR) values were attributed to Pb and Cd in raw milk, pasteurized milk and cheese, which were above the values recommended by the Health Protection Agency United States Environment (USEPA) as for the carcinogenic risk factor (CR), desipite the low value found, consumption of milk and cheese over a long period of time does not exclude the risk of developing cancer.


The hardware implementation of the image watermarking algorithm offers numerous distinct advantages over the software implementation in terms of low power consumption, less area usage and reliability. The advantages of Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) techniques are extracted to improve the robustness and perceptibility. The hardware watermarking solution is more economical, because adding the component only takes up a small dedicated area of silicon. The algorithm is developed and simulated using Matlab, Simulink and system generator. The implementation is carried out using Spartan 6 Diligent Atlys Field Programmable Gate array (FPGA). The architecture uses 256 slice registers, 257 slice Look Up Tables (LUT's) and 47 I/O pins. It also meets the requirement of high speed architecture with a delay of 1.328ns and an operating frequency of 549.451MHz.


We establish the weak law of large number,Lr convergences of weighted sums of B-valued random Variables,and obtain the geometry property in Banach space of type p.


in this fetus on histological examination. Other PCR products of approximately 264 and 220 base pairs were produced in 14, 20 and 21 animals from herds C, D and E respectively (32 per cent of the combined sample). Similar products were also found in six, five and three animals respectively (20 per cent) of the 67 animals from herds C, D and E which had been sampled by means of nasopharyngeal swabs. In none of these animals were the PCR products confirmed as C psittaci by DNA probe. Respiratory disease is common in cattle and particularly so in calves. The aetiology is complex and often multifactorial involving a range of bacterial and viral pathogens (MAFF VIDA III 1988-95). Infestation with the lungworm D viviparus causes respiratory disease in grazing cattle principally in the summer and autumn months and has been reported as increasing in incidence in recent years (David 1993). C psittaci is well known as the causative agent of enzootic abortion in sheep (Stamp and others 1950) and has


For more than a year there has been widespread discussion of a new publishing model for scientific papers, generally referred to as "open access." Although there are several definitions of this term, all revolve around two basic principles: that authors retain copyright of their own research papers and license to publishers only the rights required to distribute those papers; and that research papers are made freely available in publicly accessible databases such as PubMedCentral, immediately or soon after publication.


This note investigates the problem of global output feedback stabilization for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown measurement sensitivity. A new design method, namely dual-domination approach, is proposed to explicitly construct a state observer as well as an output feedback control law, which globally asymptotically stabilizes the nonlinear systems. The novelty of this note owes to a distinct perspective in coping with unknown measurement sensitivity which has previously been a hurdle to solve the global output feedback stabilization problem of the nonlinear systems.


This paper addresses the problem of regional robust H∞ filtering for a class of nonlinear dynamic systems subject to convex-bounded uncertain parameters in the statespace model. Systems with polynomial nonlinearities in the state variables and uncertain parameters will be considered. The problems of regional stability and H∞ performance analyses in a polyhedral region around the state-space origin, as well as the design of robust nonlinear H∞ filters, will be analyzed. The filter analysis and synthesis methods are tailored in terms of convex optimization problems and employ Lyapunov functions with polynomial dependence on the system/filter state variables and uncertain parameters to ensure the local exponential stability of the origin of the estimation error system in a given polyhedral region of the state-space and a prescribed, or minimized, upper-bound on its L2-induced gain.


Since new periods,the literary critics established the corpus of literary theory as the nucleus of aesthetic characteristics.The establishment of this literary idea had its historical significance when it repelled the organum of literary theory.As the absolutization and relativization of aesthetic corpus,its theoretical limitations become prominent increasingly that it contains.In order to promote the development of discipline construction of literary theory,we should reflect deeply on this literary idea.The strategy of reflection includes aesthetic self-discipline,aesthetic meditation and the dilemma of aesthetic corpus.


Mine tremor aftershock sequences from two deep mines in the Far West Rand goldfield, South Africa, were analysed in order to determine the influence of geological and mining parameters on the risk posed by aftershocks. Mainshocks were stacked in time and space and the aftershock productivity was calculated for various subsets. Contrary to our working hypothesis, no significant differences were found between the aftershock productivity of mainshocks located in high stress areas and those located in low stress areas, or between mainshocks located in high strain-rate areas and those located in low strain-rate areas, or between mainshocks located near to geological features and those located further away from geological features. Thus, while the incidence of mainshocks may be affected by stress, strain rate and proximity of geological features, these factors do not have significant influence on aftershock productivity. Consequently, guidelines governing the time period and distance from the mainshock in which hazard is considered to be elevated need not take variations in these geological and mining parameters into account.


Course description The main objective with the course is that course participants develop knowledge, skills and attitudes that provides a solid base for working professionally as a teacher in higher ...


Using artificial intelligent technology a design was made for intelligently predicting central fishing grounds, including overall structure of the system, establishment of casebase, case-based reasoning, rule base and rule revision. It also gives a forecast example on the designing approach, and the forecast accuracy was 76.2% comparing with the real central fishing ground.The study results show that it is feasible to realize the intelligent prediction of central fishing grounds with computers taking the approach of case-based reasoning as dominant and of rule revision as subsidiary. Finally, it is possible to offer fast, accurate and useful forecast information for marine fisheries production and fishery managing departments.


Background: In 2017, one billion people contracted fungal infection with 11.5 million people contracted life-threatening infection and 1.5 million death per year. Orchid is a plant that grows in tropical and sub-tropical countries, the same places where fungal infection occurrence is high. On previous researches, it has been found that one kind of the orchid plant contains polyphenols such as alkaloid, flavonoid, and phenol acid. Therefore, further investigation should be carried out regarding the effectivity of orchid extract as an antifungal agent, and whether it has the potential to be an alternative therapy for fungal infection.
Objective: To investigate the potential of orchid extract as an antifungal agent and the active compound in orchid extract that has antifungal activities.
Methods: This study uses scoping review as the method. The type of articles reviewed are original articles obtained from five electronic databases. The articles selected are those written in English and the publication year is within 2012-2021.
Results: Three reviewed articles stated similar result which is that orchid extract has a significant antifungal activity although the part of plant used in making the extract differs, ranging from the root, to the leaf. Two articles show a specific antifungal activity against C. albicans while the remaining one shows an antifungal activity against T. rubrum.
Conclusion: Orchid plant extract made from the root, leaf, branch, and flower of an orchid plant has the potential to be an antifungal agent.


ABSTRACT The day/night band (DNB) mounted on the National Polar-Orbiting Partnership has powerful environmental detection capabilities. It can be used to observe internal solitary waves (ISWs) using sunglint during the day and moonglint at night. In this article, the two-dimensional Stockwell transform method was introduced into the ISW observation from single DNB images to determine the horizontal wavelength and propagation direction distribution of ISWs. This allowed us to achieve quantitative measurements of ISW parameters under both day and night conditions. In addition, by using paired images of daytime and night-time ISWs near Dongsha Atoll, Taiwan, China, ISW information contained in the two images could be coupled, allowing us to track ISW propagation. The displacements of the paired ISWs were measured, and thus, the average propagation speeds were calculated to be 1.70, 2.25, and 2.49 m s–1, respectively.


Treatments were applied to 5 year old York apple trees using a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi to single tree plots, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The trees were sprayed to runoff. Oil sprays were applied in delayed dormant on Apr 10 and were followed by an application of Plictran 50W at .25 lb/100 on June 24. Other treatments were applied in pre-pink on April 22 except SLJ-0312. Omite 30W, Onite 6E and SU-0312 were applied on May 19 (second application for the Omites). All plots had a second application and the Omites a third application on Jun 24. Sampling was done 4 times by collecting 20 leaves from each replicate at random around the perimeter of the tree. The sample leaves were brushed with a modified Henderson-McBurnie type machine. Mites and eggs were trapped on a revolving glass plate in a thin layer of dilute polyvinyl alcohol (Emcol 5100). Mites and eggs on two sections of the plate equalling 20% of the total area were counted; from this the total number in each sample was calculated. All treatments were compatible with horticultural practices and no phototoxicity was observed. Other pesticides used include Polyram, benomyl, captan, Dithane, Pirimor, phosalone, carbaryl, azinphosmethyl, Thylate, and Karathane. All rosy apple aphid colonies around each tree were counted on May 29.


Sub-hourly heavy precipitation events (SHHPs) associated with regional low-pressure (RegL) systems in Portugal are a natural hazard that may have significant socioeconomic implications, namely in agriculture. Therefore, in this paper, their dynamic and thermodynamic drivers are analysed. Three weather stations were used to isolate SHHPs from 2000 to 2022. Higher precipitation variability is found in southern Portugal, with a higher ratio of extreme events on fewer rainy days. This study shows that these SHHP events are associated with low-pressure systems located just to the west of the Iberian Peninsula. These systems exhibit a cold core, particularly strong at mid-levels, and a positive vorticity anomaly, which is stronger in the upper troposphere, extending downward to low levels. These conditions drive differential positive vorticity advection and, therefore, rising motion to the east of the low-pressure systems. Moreover, at low levels, these systems promote moisture advection over western Iberia, also generating instability conditions, which are assessed by instability indices (Convective available potential energy, the Total-Totals index, and the K-index). The combination of these conditions drives heavy precipitation events. Lastly, the total column cloud ice water revealed higher values for the heavier precipitation events, suggesting that it may be a useful predictor of such events.


OBJECTIVE
To clone the chitin synthase gene PstChs II from Puccinia striiformis and to analyze its expression pattern.

METHODS
We isolated the cDNA and genomic DNA of PstChs II via RT-PCR and PCR,analyzed the sequences with different bioinformatic tools, characterized the gene expression pattern via real-time PCR.

RESULTS
The coding region of PstChs II (Genbank accession no: GQ329851), interrupted by 15 introns, corresponded to a 2727 bp open reading frame encoding 908 amino acids. PstChs II showed a highest 94% similarity to PgtChs II from Puccinia graminis. PstChs II had 7 transmembrance regions and several conserved chitin synthase domains and motifs such as "QXRRW", "GXGPL" and "DXD". PstChs II belonged to the class II sub-family and had a closer phylogenetic relationship to its homologs from basidiomycetes than those from ascomycetes. PstChs II expression level increased by 10-fold at the urediospore germination stage.

CONCLUSION
PstChs II might be involved in the cell wall synthesis during the germ tube elongation process. The cloning and expression analysis of PstChs II served as a good foundation for further analyzing the role of this gene in the pathogenesis process.


The increasingly popular giga‐pixel panorama images pose a new challenge for displays: how can one view them interactively and naturally? We propose a new approach for interactive viewing of giga‐pixel images on large‐Size tiled displays, where the on‐screen images are controlled by viewers' natural movement in front of the display.


For at least two decades, there has been a growing debate in International Relations over the extent to which positivism has the ability to 'explain' the world and political phenomena. We could broadly call this the 'positivist/post-positivist debate'. Many people have focused specifically on this debate, and the relative merits of each approach. This is not what I want to do in this paper. This is because I do not see this debate as something 'new' that suddenly emerged when people became more 'aware' about the dangers of a scientific approach. Dissidence writing, or writing at the margins has always been there. The distinction is not in whether it is 'there' or 'not', but in how it is presented, in what questions it asks, and perhaps most importantly, whether or not marginal writing is ignored or brought to attention. While the particular questions that dissident thought is now asking may be new, there is nothing new about dissident thought in general. Moreover, I am not interested here in assessing the relative merits of positivism and post-positivism; to do so only reproduces a sovereign center that post-positivism is trying to avoid. To do so, moreover, only reasserts a 'place' for dissident thought within the already bounded


Background: The progress of labour can be graphically represented using the WHO partogragh, which helps in early detection and prevention of complication of labour, thus resulting in a better feto-maternal outcome especially in high risk cases.Methods: The study was undertaken at Hitech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar from March 2017 to February 2019 on 200 high risk patients. The progress of labour was plotted and assessed on Modified WHO partograph.Results: Majority of the cases were referred cases. Augmentation of labour was carried out in 56 cases. The mean duration of labour in the first stage was 5.4 hours and 4.1 hours in primi and multigravidas, whereas that of the second stage of labour are 37.5 minutes and 26.3 minutes respectively. 51 cases had prolonged labour and 15 cases had arrest of labour in the second stage. Maximum number of cases underwent LSCS due to abnormal labour progression. 8.7% of the cases had PPH and 2.3% had puerperal sepsis. Neonatal asphyxia was seen in 13.6% cases and 2.8% had early neonatal death.Conclusion: The results conclude that the WHO modified partograph is an inexpensive useful tool in monitoring the progress of labour and reducing foeto maternal morbidity in high risk groups.


This article suggests that Second Wave liberal Jewish feminism combined secular feminist criticism of the ideological roots of social injustice with traditional criticism of idolatry. Together, these closely related discourses allowed Jewish feminists to argue, with Christian feminists of the time, that the monosexual God who demands that idols be broken is himself an idol: a primary ideational and linguistic projection whose masculine character obstructs the political and existential becoming of women. Liberal Jewish feminists such as Judith Plaskow, in dispute with early Orthodox Jewish feminism, therefore insisted that Jewish feminism must begin with a counter-idolatrous reform of the theological concepts that underpin the relationship between God, self, and world, not with making permissible alterations to halakhah. However, while liberal Jewish feminists reclaimed some of the female aspects of the Jewish God (notably the Shekhinah), the point of reforming a tradition is to be faithful to it. They did not join their more radical Jewish sisters in a more or less pagan break with ethical monotheism, not least because the latter's criticism of idolatry funded their own prophetic drive to the liberation of both women and God from captivity to their patriarchal idea.


WHILE STUDYING the occurrence of hereditary deafness in the province of Antwerp, we observed a family in which this condition was associated with goiter. Albeit a known fact that deafness may occur in association with hypothyroid conditions, the deaf cases in this family did not appear to have been caused by a thyroid dysfunction. A review of the literature revealed five families in which a similar association was described (W. Russell Brain, 1927).


Abstract Background and Objectives Despite the importance of meaningful activity in mild dementia, only limited data are available on the development of interventions supporting people with mild dementia to engage in meaningful activity. In this article, we describe the development of an intervention that responds to this need. Research Design and Methods Intervention mapping (IM), an evidence-based approach, was used to develop STAYING ACTIVE (STAYing well and active—schedulINg meaninGful and enjoyAble aCTIvities to promote Vitality and wEll-being in mild dementia). The first step, a needs assessment, comprised a literature review, focus groups, and individual interviews with service users. Performance objectives of the intervention were formulated in Step 2, followed by the development of theory-based methods in Step 3. In Step 4, the new intervention was developed based on data collected in previous steps, existing interventions, and pilot testing. Qualitative data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results The needs assessment indicated that people with dementia and their carers view "staying active" as an important part of "enjoying life." Adapting to loss through compensation and receiving support were key facilitators of engaging in meaningful activity. Ecological, psychosocial, and activity-oriented theories guided the development of theory-based intervention strategies, which were based on awareness, skills, and addressing barriers of meaningful activity. Discussion and Implications STAYING ACTIVE is grounded on theory, and service user experiences and aims at promoting meaningful activity in mild dementia. The IM framework may be useful in the development of future psychosocial interventions for people with dementia, facilitating transparency when efficacy is evaluated.


In a firm, profitability is the most important measure for evaluating all ongoing new product development (NPD) projects during budget planning time. The profitability depends on core parameters such as the income (sales × price), development cost, and project difficulty. It affects the budget size allocated to a project. After the optimal budget allocation is made for all ongoing projects to maximize the total profit, the core parameter values should be varied to observe how much they affect the profit figures for the optimal budget sizes. In this study, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the changes in profit with variations in the core parameters. The results showed that the development cost and project difficulty significantly affect the profit figures. By observing the behaviors of the core parameters with the profit figures, a firm can manage its budget more effectively and efficiently.


This article mainly introduces the application of Turbo codes in the DVB-T system. Firstly, we simply introduces the principle of channel coding of DVB-T, inserts the Turbo codes technology into the error-correcting system of DVB-T. Finally the performance is investigated between standard DVB-T and improved DVB-T through simulation. The simulation result shows that the errorcorrecting performance of improved DVB-T is better than standard DVB-T.


【Objective】 This research cloned the full-length cDNA of β-actin from Epicauta chinensis Laporte to prove the reliability of this gene as an internal control gene in gene quantitative analysis.【Method】 β-actin gene was cloned using RT-PCR and RACE technique and the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics software.Moreover,the real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of β-actin in four different tissues of E.chinensis with and without being injected.【Result】 The results showed that the cDNA had 1 673 base pairs(bp) in length and contained a 5′-untranslated region(5′-UTR) with 88 bp and a 3′-UTR with 455 bp.The open reading frame(ORF) of 1 120 bp encoded 376 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 93.6 ku and an isoeletric point value of 5.09.The predicted protein contained 6 kinds of functional sites and was 97%-99% idential with β-actin from other insects.Quantitative assays indicated that there was no significant difference(P0.05)between either the 4 different tissues or the injected and uninjected bodies.【Conclusion】 β-actin is a reliable internal control gene in gene quantitative analysis of E.chinensis.The β-actin cDNA has been submitted to GenBank and the accession number is JQ764814.


Equal‐gain temperature measurements with two laser tubes in the same optical cavity (a ``tandem'' laser) are described. In this way, rate constant ratios can be measured for vibrational transitions that do not have highest gain. The HCl laser emissions caused by photolysis of the 1, 1‐ and cis‐1, 2‐dichloroethylenes were examined in this manner. For 1, 1‐dichloroethylene, k3/k2=0.85± 0.02 and k2/k1=1.08± 0.03 and for cis‐1, 2‐dichloroethylene, k3/k2=0.71± 0.03 and k2/k1=0.76± 0.02. The trends confirm the earlier inference that HCl vibrational excitation is more significant in the 1, 1‐dichloroethylene photo‐elimination, with the attendant implication that HCl vibrational excitation tends to favor, 1, 1 addition (Markovnikov addition) in the reverse reaction between HCl and monochloroacetylene.


There are problems such as low recognition accuracy and large classification error in the existing classification methods for ship identification based on optical remote sensing images. In this paper, we will analyze the characteristics of ships and determine the indicative factors for applying remote sensing to monitor ships in combination with optical remote sensing images. Using optical remote sensing image data, combined with U-Net and AttU-Net deep neural network models, we assist in extracting new remote sensing indices with strong generality and clear physical meaning, and establishing rules for monitoring ships, so as to establish a more general and clear physical meaning of the monitoring and identification method of remote sensing satellite images. The method is applied and evaluated with port optical remote sensing image data. The data show that compared with traditional machine learning methods, the accuracy of ship monitoring using U-Net and AttU-Net deep learning models in this paper reaches 89.04%, and the recall rate and accuracy rate are better than SVM. it shows that the model can detect ships effectively.


The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Hydro model as a physical-based, fully-distributed, multi-parameterization modeling system easy to couple with numerical weather prediction model, has potential for operational flood forecasting in the small and medium catchments (SMCs). However, this model requires many input forcings, which makes it difficult to use it for the SMCs without adequate observed forcings. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), the WRF outputs and the ideal forcings generated by the WRF-Hydro model can provide all forcings required in the model for these SMCs. In this study, seven forcing scenarios were designed based on the products of GLDAS, WRF and ideal forcings, as well as the observed and merged rainfalls to assess the performance of the WRF-Hydro model for flood simulation. The model was applied to the Chenhe catchment, a typical SMC located in the Midwestern China. The flood prediction capability of the WRF-Hydro model was also compared to that of widely used Xinanjiang model. The results show that the three forcing scenarios, including the GLDAS forcings with observed rainfall, the WRF forcings with observed rainfall and GLDAS forcings with GLDAS-merged rainfall, are optimal input forcings for the WRF-Hydro model. Their mean root mean square errors (RMSE) are 0.18, 0.18 and 0.17 mm/h, respectively. The performance of the WRF-Hydro model driven by these three scenarios is generally comparable to that of the Xinanjiang model (RMSE = 0.17 mm/h).


In the postnatal ontogeny of broiler chickens belonging to the ROSS 308 cross, linear dimensions of the stomach and absolute values of weight were studied. Stomach morphometric parameters were observed to be higher in broiler chickens in the experimental group receiving probiotics than in the control group, especially after 14 days of postnatal ontogeny.


Carbonate rock formation in petroleum reservoirs are highly heterogeneous in nature exhibiting complex
porosity and permeability variations leading to irregular pore scale flow paths. Therefore, developing
wormholes by acid stimulation in reservoir wells is favored for better injectivity and productivity of the
wells. Determining and attaining a regime for wormhole generation in carbonates is very challenging as it
depends on the variability of these petrophysical parameters. The objective of the present study is to
stimulate the discussions on the following key questions:
1. How well-understood are the key mechanisms of the reactive-transport phenomena in acid wormholing?
2. What are the state-of-the-art numerical modelling techniques to capture this phenomena and associated
commercial software's in the market?
3. How well-understood is this phenomena in the laboratory? And how valid are are the numerical
predictions for laboratory experiments?
4. How deterministic is to characterize and predict acid wormholing in carbonate reservoirs?


Objective To determine the content of triptolide in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.by HPLC.Methods An external standard method was used with Angilent Zorbax SC-C18 and the mobile phase of methanol∶water(40∶60).The wavelength for the detection was 218 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.Temperature: 25 ℃,sample size: 20 μL.Results The linear range for the determination of triptolide was 0.049 8~0.249 0 mg·mL-1(r =0.999 8,n=5).The average recovery was 100.66% and RSD was 1.60%(n=9).Conclusion The method is simple and accurate with good separation.The results are sensitive and reproducible and may be used in the quality control of triptolide in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.and its preparation.


Minimalism is dead, or so it has been portrayed recently, and most who are in a position to speak on the subject are glad to see it go.(1) Raymond Carver survived the assault on the movement with his reputation intact, only to succumb to cancer. Ann Beattie draws a fair amount of critical attention and is widely anthologized. But other writers lumped in with them have fared less well. So I was glad to see in 1994 the beginnings of a critical conversation about the writings of the convicted minimalist Frederick Barthelme. Although he is often lumped together with other minimalists for discussion, none of the detractors have taken a serious enough look at Barthelme specifically. However, two recent articles examine his work in enough detail to call for response. Timothy Peters's "`80s Pastoral: Frederick Barthelme's Moon Deluxe Ten Years On" takes issue with John Aldridge's attack on minimalist writers and on Barthelme in particular. Robert Brinkmeyer's "Suburban Culture, Imaginative Wonder: The Fiction of Frederick Barthelme" focuses on the novels, employing a definition of the grotesque that allows Brinkmeyer to read the novels with an eye to locating them in a distinctly southern tradition. In both essays the writers attempt to extricate Barthelme from the sinking ship of minimalism and to find in his work something that refutes his dismissal by critics who do not like that now not-so-new writing. Both agree he elevates the mundane, the quotidian, and the pedestrian to the level of art. Brinkmeyer says "by the detailed evocation of a place--suburbia--that is by its very definition placeless, a place that could be anyplace ... he achieves poetry" (105). Peters argues that Barthelme is "working in a mode, if not a genre, that goes back to the eighteenth century: that of the urban, or town, eclogue, and its cousin the mock pastoral" (181). In both articles there is much to agree with, much to provoke a thoughtful rereading of Barthelme, and many tools with which to begin prying open his texts. What I would like to do here is offer an alternative to Peters's method of approaching Barthelme's Moon Deluxe. Peters's approach yokes together the stories in Moon Deluxe and Nabokov's Lolita. "The suburban dreamscape," he says of the territory of Moon Deluxe, "now seems as innocent as that lost America of Nabokov's Lolita" (175). He points out another connection between these two texts: some of the stories depict "relationships between older men and young girls or much younger women" (175). The latter at least is true. But I do not agree with the notion that Moon Deluxe portrays a kind of American arcadia, a nostalgic rendering of the Myth of the Good Ole Days. Rather, I would like to propose that what we see in the Barthelme's stories are the remains of a battlefield, with his male protagonists as the shell-shocked, walking-wounded survivors of the sex wars. I think Barthelme's protagonists and narrators are better seen as post-revolutionary men--that is, men best defined as post-sexual-revolution and post-feminist. Their reticence, voyeurism, extreme self-consciousness, and yielding of power to women suggest that J. Alfred Prufrock rather than Humbert Humbert may be a better comparison in approaching Moon Deluxe. In Iron John Robert Bly writes, The Fifties male had a clear vision of what a man was, and what male responsibilities were.... During the sixties, another sort of man appeared. The waste and violence of the Vietnam war made men question whether they knew what an adult male really was. If manhood meant Vietnam, did they want any part of it? Meanwhile the feminist movement encouraged men to actually look at women, forcing them to become conscious of concerns and sufferings that the Fifties male labored to avoid.... In the seventies I began to see all over the country a phenomenon that we might call the "soft male. …


The membrane systems can provide polynomial time solutions to NP hard problems by trading space for time.As a newly introduced P systems type,the kernel P systems contain features of different P systems,which of-fer a coherent view on integrating different P systems into the same formalism.This paper presents our work on ker-nel P systems to solving SAT problems.To accelerate the process,we implemented kernel P systems with CUDA,a parallel environment.Compared with the time used by the traditional sequential environment,the CUDA platform is much more efficiently than original sequential environment.From our experimental results,implementing kernel P systems with CUDA,the time could be reduced up to about 95%,which demonstrates that the CUDA environment is more appropriate for implementing the kernel P systems.


The propagation of subsonic waves supported by laser energy addition is considered. The propagation velocity is modified to account for radiation diffusion by vacuum ultraviolet photons. A simplified two‐band radiation transport model is formulated.


With cash transactions facing a reduction, alternative forms of payment will see a surge in demand. Digital transaction systems, E wallets and apps, online transaction using E banking, usage of Plastic money(Debit and Credit Cards) ,etc. will definitely see substantial increase in demand. This should eventually lead to strengthening of such systems and the infrastructure required.


The utility model relates to a pair of underpants capable of changing a bottom liner, which belongs to the field of garments. The utility model solves the problems of inconvenience for frequent change and frequent washing and easy germ propagation of the existing underpants. The underpants capable of changing the bottom liner comprise underpants (1). The utility model is characterized in that the underpants (1) also comprise the bottom liner (2) which is fixed at the inner side of the bottom part of the underpants (1). The utility model has the advantages that people can conveniently and frequently replace and wash the underpants, the underpants have good ventilation and moisture absorption performance, and the germ propagation can be prevented.


Compositions of volcanic glass from ash ejected during the 1992 eruptions of the Crater Peak vent of Mount Spurr are dominantly andesitic (SiOz of 6162 weight percent), but they include much smaller amounts of dacitic (Si02 of 63-69 weight percent) and rhyolitic (Si02 of 74-77 weight percent) glass. In each eruption (June, August, and September), glass in the ash and matrix glass in rocks from proximal deposits show similar chemical trends. The rhyolitic glass component was first recognized in the ash from the June 27, 1992, eruption of Crater Peak. Subsequent work on proximal samples resulted in the identification of rhyolitic glasses in the matrices of juvenile volcanic blocks and in partially melted metamorphic xenoliths (buchites). Reexamination of prehistoric tephra materials from Crater Peak reveals a similar rhyolitic component; this discovery suggests that generation of minor amounts of silica-rich melt is common at Crater Peak. Rapid analysis of volcanic glass in ash from the 1992 Crater Peak eruptions proved a useful monitor of the chemistry of the erupting magma.


This research aims to know the influence of geometry box media against the ability to know the concept of numbers and geometric shapes in the group A. This research is quantitative approach with the types of experimental quasy research using non-equivalent control group design. Media of geometry box includes one media that can facilitate the learning of cognitive development of the child with regard to geometric shapes and numbers. Therefore, it can be concluded that the influence of the media affects students to know the concept of numbers and geometric shapes in the group A.


A fundamental challenge in digital and sampled-data control arises when the continuous-time plant is subject to fast disturbances that possess significant frequency components beyond Nyquist frequency. Such intrinsic difficulties are more and more encountered in modern manufacturing applications, where the measurement speed of the sensor is physically limited compared to the plant dynamics. The paper analyzes the spectral properties of the closed-loop signals under such scenarios, and uncovers several fundamental limitations in the process.


A machine was designed to separate the rind, pith, and leaves of corn stalk stalks with capacity of approximately 550 kg/h. To reasonably optimize variables of the machine operation, experiments were performed to evaluate leaf stripping and pith stripping effectiveness which was expressed as percentage. Leaf stripping was most effective with high speed and small clearance distance as machine settings with high moisture stalks. Pith stripping was most effective with high speed, small clearance distance, and larger numbers of blades.


The friction factor of flow on a flat bed consisting of sands decreases when the sands on the bed are transported by the flow. In this paper, the equations of velocity distribution and friction factor on a flat movable bed are derived on the basis of a two layer flow model with water flow layer and sand-water flow layer. Theoretical values of velocity distribution are compared with the experimental ones and show good agreement with them. As the results, the differences in the velocity and the friction factor between the fixed and movable beds are crarified.


Recently a great deal of attention is being given by IDA both at Head Office level and local Branches level by the Council of Dental Education and Council of Dental Health programmes. However, inspite of all these efforts at private levels, what measures are being taken to prevent loss of teeth at early age by the government, specially in our rural and semirural areas? The main purpose of this article is to draw attention of our government towards lack of facilities for conservation of teeth at our rural health centers. Inspite of development of latest technologies in prevention of extraction of teeth. Our government doctors are helpless to show their capabilities where they can do their best to preserve those teeth


Support of Ground Forces in April 1942 may well have been before the onset of major combat, but it is still incredibly late in the day for an organization supposedly paying attention to close support. Many of the aircraft the USAAF eventually used were also the product of foreign purchasing – the A-20 Havoc failed initially to pick up any US orders and was saved by French interest, while the P-51 Mustang (in brief service as the A-36 in the Sicilian campaign) was famously the product of British procurement. The subject of interwar procurement, doctrine, and application by the Air Corps is crying out for book-length treatment and we clearly need to understand much more about this process. So what of the lessons for the modern-day use of air power? Rein clearly faults the emphasis on the strategic use of air power by the Allies during the Second World War. He also observes there are still many theorists willing to sell old strategic wine in new bottles, and even now the USAF has not entirely thrown off its dangerous strategic obsession. Yet Rein's answer is not to rise above the doctrinal catfight, but merely to offer an alternative doctrine. Using the writings of Sir Julian Corbett as a corrective to the emphasis on air power as a complete solution to military problems from Douhet onward, Rein argues that the lesson of North Africa is that air power can only ever be fully effective as part of a fully integrated joint air and ground team. This is hardly a novel suggestion, but one Rein uses the North African air campaign to underline. The notion of a direct lesson from a campaign that was part of a total war fought some 70 years ago and before atomic weapons had completely changed the military terrain seems improbable. Americans have a long history of adapting to and dealing with fastpaced technological change. The ongoing story of the application of air power gives no indication that this process of adaption has ceased or that air power will settle into fixed Newtonian laws applicable to all situations. Perhaps the only lesson to be drawn from the period is that the USAAF successfully provided a creative environment for problemsolving by its leadership at all levels. Rein surely intends irony with his opening quote from Hap Arnold – 'I don't want you all to be parrots' – given his argument for a harmful strategic fixation. Maybe it is not that ironic – Quesada, Kenney, Weyland, and Vandenberg succeeded not because they maintained a tactical and operational doctrine against a USAAF dominated by strategic thinking, but because the USAAF (and Arnold) gave them just enough room to experiment and innovate in matching the technology available to local conditions.


Inner-shell resonant absorption (IRA) effects were investigated on evolution dynamics of charge state distribution (CSD) in the interaction of ultraintense x-ray pulses with a neon atom. IRA is the physical origin of the large discrepancies found between theory and experiment at a photon energy of 1050 eV [L. Young et al., Nature (London) 466, 56 (2010)], where the rates of $K$-shell resonant absorption $1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4p$ of Ne${}^{6+}$ and $1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3p$ of Ne${}^{7+}$ are larger than the direct single-photon ionization rates by more than one order of magnitude, and hence IRA becomes the dominant absorption mechanism. Only when the IRA effects are properly taken into account can we correctly explain the observed CSD.


The thermoreversible self-assembly of poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PMMA–PtBMA) diblock copolymers in 2-ethylhexanol has been studied in the transition regime between spherical and cylindrical morphologies. In these materials the PMMA block exhibits a strong temperature dependence of the solvent quality that leads to reversible micelle formation, and the PtBMA block is a versatile polymer that can be hydrolyzed for further use as a polyelectrolyte. Self-consistent field theory was used in combination with a variety of experimental techniques to develop a simple criterion for the location of the sphere/cylinder transition in solutions with concentrations above the micelle overlap threshold. It is shown that the effective volume fraction of PMMA core, accounting for solvent swelling of the micelle core, is equal to ≈0.27 at the sphere/cylinder transition. For the spherical domain morphologies, a transition between disorded micelles and micelles packed on a body-centered-cubic la...