Modern nutritional science is surprisingly young. Nevertheless, there are many researcher of sciences be participating of the development of nutritional science history. Less than 100 years ago, Nutrition research started from human clinical or animal clinics. That is, History of nutritional sciences began from lab experimenting and practicing thoughts. Hence, students learning history of nutrientnal sciences to empowers students


Front lower control arm (FLCA) is a component used in a suspension system of a light vehicle. It
plays a whittle role in handling the motion of the wheel during the bump, turning, and braking. The
scope here in this present work is to optimize the front lower control arm with respect to weight with
four different materials. Present work, the new design concept of FLCA is presented. CATIA software
has been used for the modeling, design concept of the FLCA. After that, ANSYS software is used to
analyze the structural strength and optimized the part using topology optimization technique to
achieve accurate dimensions with less mass. To verify the initial work, existing model has been taken
from literature as the base and verified it. The work also determines the natural frequency before and
after optimization. The target of the new design is 20% reduction of the overall mass of the front
FLCA which manufactured by suitable material. Finally, the work has been observed that using
topology optimization technique reduce mass of the FLCA without owing its responses.


Taking 40Cr after laser quenching as interlayer, an experiment was carried out by solid-state welding of 40Cr based on equivalent plastic compressive deformation (EPCD). The result indicates that the tensile strength of the joint can reach or approach the base metal on the condition of welding temperature of 760~800℃, prepressure of 37~80MPa, keeping time for 4~8 minutes.During the EPCD, comparatively obvious superplastic flow can take place on 40Cr interlayer chip is pretreated by laser quenching, so the solid-state welding can be achieved more easily.


We generalized the squeeze and displacement operators of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator to the three-dimensional case and based on these operators we construct the corresponding coherent and squeezed states. We have also calculated the Wigner function for the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator and from the analysis of time evolution of this function, the quantum Liouville equation is also presented. Further properties of the quantum states including Mandel's ࡽ and quadrature squeezing parameters are discussed as well.


Basic principles and analytical methods of economics are used to conduct a preliminary study of state policies for private education in China. It is evident that if public policy is to exert a positive effect on private education, the government must formulate policies at a higher level for private education and give equal attention to choice, efficiency, and equity of education. The objective of education is to enable those receiving an education to acquire all-around development, and publicly operated and private education are merely different means of realizing this objective. Hence, the requirements and the interests of those being educated should be given first consideration when formulating policies for private education. In addition to using governance as a policy tool, the government should emphasize the use of such policy tools as finance, public infrastructure, and construction to conduct effective regulation and intervention in the private education system.


The technology based on microphone array for locating sound source is studied and a near-field signal transmission model is built in detail for improving the accuracy in sound source localization of the microphone array in near-field.A joint estimation algorithm for DOA(Direction of Arrival) and range of sound source in near-field is proposed by combining this model and subspace methods and modifying the ISM(Incoherent Signal-Subspace Method) algorithm based on wideband signal.The algorithm,based on the frequency quality of the short-time signal,estimates the DOA and range of the signal in special frequencies using subspace algorithm and adds them up to obtain the final result.The algorithm shows high performance on correlated signals and reverberation noise condition.The algorithm effectiveness is verified by computer simulation.


AbstractMagnetic inhomogeneities formed at columnar defects of potential-well type in uniaxial films are theoretically studied. It is shown that under some conditions, vortex-like structures occur at such defects; they have a magnetization distribution with three segments of magnetic moments' rotation. It follows from the analysis of the structure and properties of the vortex-like inhomogeneities, depending on the material parameters, that they are determined mainly by the defect sizes and the depth of the potential well. The experimental data concerning their existence are provided.


The weights of 94 human pineal glands were submitted a 3-day-fixation in 10 per cent neutralized formalin, resulting in a loss in weight in one half of the pineal glands and in an increase in weight in the other. After fixation of 4 weeks the difference between actual and initial weight had diminished, only 10.6 per cent of the pineal glands showed a difference larger than +/- 10 per cent. Therefore, the weights of formalin-fixated pineal glands may be used in statistical comparisons. The question why the weights change differently cannot be answered by us.


With a rapid development in the area of micro and ultra precision technology, the micro surface machining of small size parts are explosively increased. Especially, to improve efficiency of various beams in lens and reflector, non-rotational symmetric form and several mm level heights changeable surface can be machined at a time. These geometric complex 3D surface cannot be machined by general short stroke FTS. The long stroke FTS if firmly needed to move directly several ㎜ and have ㎚ level positioning accuracy for the complex surface form. The long stroke FTS used linear motors to drive moving unit long and fine, aero static bearings to decrease friction and moving errors in guide way, optical linear scale with nm level resolution to measure position of FTS. Furthermore, to increase the performance of acceleration of FTS, the light material, such as AL is used for the structure and the high stiffness box type structure is selected. In this paper, the genetic algorithm approach is described to determine a set of design parameters for auto tuning. The authors have attempted to model the design problem with the objective of minimizing the error, such as variable pattern change. This method can give the better alternative than existing other method.


In the article the conditions of complaint acceptability in the European court of human rights are analyzed. The author analyzes both norms of international law, and practice of giving of laying complaints by the citizens in the European court under human rights.


As the key connecting part of the rigid flexible coupling manipulator, the structural dynamic characteristics of the bolted joint are analyzed by using the joint simulation technology of pro/e and ANSYS. Based on the spring equivalent principle, the finite element equivalent model of bolt joint is established, the relationship equation between contact surface pressure and bolt preload is derived, and its stress state is analyzed; Based on the micro convex deformation model and Hertz contact theory, the tangential stiffness equation and normal stiffness equation of the bolted joint are derived respectively. The three-dimensional model of the bolted joint is established by using pro/e and imported into ANSYS for joint simulation. The simulation experiments reveal the influence of bolt joint vibration characteristics under different conditions from the aspects of bolt diameter, pre tightening force, bolt group number and bolt distribution. The conclusions have important engineering value for the structural optimization of rigid flexible coupling manipulator.


Many factors influence the evolution of primate grouping patterns, including phylogeny, demographic and life‐history variables, and ecological factors such as access to food, predation pressure, and avoidance of infanticide. The interaction between these factors determines social organization.1 Because western lowland and mountain gorillas differ so dramatically in their habitats and foraging strategies, they provide a valuable opportunity to assess how changes in ecology influence this balance. Mountain gorillas live in high‐altitude montane forests, are herbivorous, and live in stable and cohesive groups. Western lowland gorillas live in lowland rainforest and are much more frugivorous than mountain gorillas. It is not yet clear to what extent incorporating significant quantities of fruit in the diet influences western lowland gorilla sociality because they have been studied much less than have mountain gorillas. However, what is known about their behavior hints that there may also be considerable differences in their social organization, including changes in group size and cohesion and in the frequency and type of intergroup encounters. Gorillas thus provide a unique opportunity to reevaluate proposed models of ecological influences on social organization in African apes.© 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The "Workshop Talks" column this issue reprints a March 1976 article by Felix Martin, News & Letters' Labor Editor, who died last April. We intend to publish soon a pamphlet containing a selection of his writings. Felix Martin was in 1976 a General Motors worker and West Coast Editor of this newspaper. The masthead of News & Letters then as now contained the words, "Human power is its own end." This article demonstrates exquisitely one form of "Workshop Talks" column—expanding on a conversation between workers on the job—and addresses a question which must concern us all: What is Marxist-Humanism ? —B. Ann Lastelle, "Workshop Talks" co-columnist


BIM (building information modeling) can be the basis for carrying out various performance analyses. Sustainable infrastructure rating systems are suitable tools for assessing an infrastructure's environmental performance. It is necessary to integrate them in the design process. The research adopted a thorough literature review to follow the development trends, interviews with professionals from the academia and industry, and a critical analysis of technical requirements for integrating BIM tools and infrastructure sustainability rating systems in the design process. This study propagates a conceptual framework for integrating sustainability rating systems by introducing BIM with a sustainability metric plug-in. The adoption of the proposed solution allows for what-if scenarios to better support the incorporation of sustainability into design decisions and the assessment of sustainability at the design phase of the infrastructure project. The framework is used to refine designs and ensure that sustainable goals are met and to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements. This paper concludes that greater emphasis should be placed on supporting technical requirements to facilitate the integration of BIM and sustainability rating systems. It defines the possibility of BIM adoption to influence the sustainable project performance in the infrastructure. This framework could streamline the sustainable design process and lead to more integrated infrastructure delivery.


Want a personal or business blog of your own? Its easy! In this simple guide, one of the worlds most experienced bloggers walks you through every step, from getting started to building a worldwide audience. Tris Hussey covers it all, from low-cost blogging tools to high-powered writing tips! Get this book, and get started fastwith a professional-quality blog that meets your goals, whatever they are! Build great blogs like these, the easy way! Personal Blogs Business Blogs Blogs for Podcasting Video Blogs Portfolio Blogs for Artists Lifestreaming Blogs Learn from a pro! Discover tips, tricks, and great solutions for: Setting up your blog the right wayin just minutes! Writing blog entries people want to read Handling commentseven nasty ones! Creating a conversation and building a community Publicizing your blog Choosing the right free or low-cost blogging tools Avoiding beginner mistakes Earning cash from your blog! You wont believe how easy it is to create your own blog or how much fun!


Thread pool technique can reduce idle time of processor,enhance throughput of application server and improve performance of application server.The paper starts with establishing abstract queue model of thread pool,analyses insufficiency of thread pool in StarBus3.0,proposes an efficient adaptive thread pool model which is applied to StarCCM2.0 application server to dispatch request to component.By practical testing,it proves the thread pool model is adaptive and flexible to wide range of concurrent request number,and largely improves performance of application server.


This paper reported a practice on innovations attained through knowledge transfer in knowledge communities of a high-tech enterprise. In this case, leaders in advanced semiconductor packaging and testing technologies drove knowledge communities according to the company's core abilities and organization learning strategies. Their remarkable practical knowing could be a paradigm for other high-tech companies. This paper discovered mechanisms of the intra-organizational knowledge networks, and the results showed that, the transfer of management know-how was facilitated by community competition and interaction. The knowledge transfer behavior intention (KTBI) was associated with four factors and it had a significantly positive impact on community members' innovation. This paper provided a theoretical and practical model to support the transfer of knowledge and presented the value and functions of multifaceted innovation communities and organization learning.

 Key words: Knowledge community, knowledge transfer, innovation performance.


GRAVANO E., BUSSOTTI F., GROSSONI P. & TANI C. 1999. Morpho-anatomical and functional modifications in beech leaves on the top ridge of the Apennines (central Italy). Phyton (Horn, Austria) 39 (4): (41) (46). This paper examines the morpho-anatomical modifications in leaves from beech trees growing along the top ridge of the Apennines (Central Italy) and compares them to leaves from other trees growing in cooler sites and at lower altitudes. Sclerophyllous modifications were observed, as well as tannin-impregnated tissues. These modifications provide the leaves with a greater water retention capacity. The beech is an ecologically versatile species which can apply different strategies of water use according to the conditions it finds itself in.


In recent years, there has been a steady growth in industrial and civil construction, especially in large cities. Construction is often carried out in increasingly difficult geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions. This contributes to the emergence of new production technologies and diagnostic methods. The use of non-destructive testing methods allows you to quickly obtain information about various characteristics of an object without disrupting the process of its operation. This is especially true for hidden work, since access to the research object is practically closed, and its opening may entail undesirable consequences for the operation of the entire structure.


This comparative study between Korean and German housings aims at understanding different structural systems in the indoor and outdoor spaces, depending upon the user′s perception of the socio-cultural attributes. The analysis starts with four alternative contrary assumptions, that appear in morphological forms of dwelling; 1) linear distribution vs. areal distribution of residential districts, 2) mirror system vs. comb system in the layout of plot plans 3) organization of front vs. back outdoor spaces and 4) opening vs. closing in the indoor spaces. A clear difference is found between Korean and German samples in view of public and private relationships between indoor and outdoor spaces as well as the intermediate space. In the korean housing there always exists a symbolic and psychological territory of a certain sphere. On the other hand, outdoor space passes through various phases only to form a certain hierarchy even in a private space and, thereby, sets a boundary between private and public areas. In the case of Germany, the building itself draws a clear line between private and public outdoor spaces, and therefore the outdoor space has a "front" and "back". Thus, Germany′s private space may face a genuine public space and street, which is rare in the Korean housing. Although the layout of indoor space in the korean housing tends to be open, such an openness may be outstanding in living and dining spaces, kitchen and various accesses to rooms. In the case of Germany, such indoor spaces are usually closed to each other. Thus corridors act to separate these spaces. Such differences are analysed to be due to the different perceptions of interpersonal and socio-cultural attributes as intra-family and inter-neighbor relationships or communications.


Energy-efficient buildings are increasingly equipped with modern automation and control systems that enable significant energy savings by providing energy in the exact place and time of the demand. Moreover, high-performance LED light sources are used as interior lighting. Since the computers, automation system controllers and LED light sources require a lower voltage than the mains voltage, the buildings use a large number of power electronic converters adjusting the power supply conditions for the devices being serviced. Operation of this type of strongly non-linear receivers leads to an increase in transmission losses of electrical energy related to reactive power flow and generation of higher harmonics. Striving to reduce energy consumption in buildings leads to increasing use of these devices, which in consequence will aggravate the problem of insufficient quality of electricity. The paper discusses the provisions of standards for the quality of electricity. The paper presents the results of research on the quality of electricity in the Malopolska Laboratory of Energy Efficient Building – an experimental building equipped with a building automation and control system.


Early Bugis written sources consist largely of genealogies. Assuming no significant loss of other genres, it is clear that genealogies were central to Bugis historical record keeping. The paper sets out to explain why genealogies were first written down, what purpose they served, and why they were repeatedly added to and copied. It argues that written genealogies had no function as practical documents. Instead, they owed their existence directly to the development of writing around 1400 CE, and to the status that their possession conferred on their owners. The article sets out what historians can learn from genealogies of South Sulawesi prior to the arrival of the first Western visitors. It draws attention to a threegeneration myth of origin similar to that found in the Malay Hikayat Banjar, and argues that this myth was central to agricultural fertility, and the right


This paper aims to classify and characterize the territory of Buenos Aires City with a typology of habitats or urban settings that define differential soc...


The present study investigates the relationship between positive and negative affectivity by the application of impression management tactics. A review on literature reveals positive affectivity has attracted less attention compared with negative affectivity. Investigated tactics in this study include supplication, ingratiation, and intimidation and threat. Results indicate that there was a positive and significant relationship between negative affectivity and application of threat, intimidation, and supplication tactics, while the relationship between negative affectivity and ingratiation tactic was negative and significant. The relationship between positive affectivity and application of threat and intimidation tactics was negative and significant. In addition, there was a positive and significant relationship between two variables of positive affectivity and application of ingratiation tactic. Furthermore, the relationship between two variables of positive affectivity and supplication tactic was negative.


Psychosexual hypotheses about dynamics of psychosomatic conditions are reexamined in light of medical facts. It is proposed that these hypotheses have value in that they communicate about the experience of being ill with these conditions—in terms of effect on the patient's self-image and the environmental responses stimulated by his symptoms.


Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some insecticides and biopesticides against white grub infesting potato in three different patterns viz., soil treatment (granular/dust application in furrows at sowing time), seed treatment (by seed coating method with rice starch as sticker) and as post-sown foliar sprays. The tuber sprouting was seriously impaired by seed treatment with Deltamethrin 2.8EC, Chlorpyriphos 20EC and Lambdacyhalothrin 5EC. Maximum tuber damage by white grub (20%) was seen in control followed by Quinalphos 25EC and Chlorpyriphos 20EC foliar sprays which recorded a tuber damage of 13.33 and 11.66%, respectively. Highest marketable tuber yield (13.62 kg plot−1) was recorded in Imidacloprid seed treatment followed by soil treatments with Chlorpyriphos 1.5% dust and Carbofuran 3G, which recorded marketable yield of 11.5 and 10.6 kg plot−1, respectively. Seed treatments with Imidacloprid 200SL and soil treatment with Chlorpyriphos 1.5% dust and Carbofuran 3G proved best treatments for of white grub management in potato under rainfed conditions of Kashmir valley.


The problem of finding a global minimum of a real function on a set S Rn occurs in many real world problems. Since its computational complexity is exponential, its solution can be a very expensive computational task. In this paper, we introduce a parallel algorithm that exploits the latest computers in the market equipped with more than one processor, and used in clusters of computers. The algorithm belongs to the improvement of local minima algorithm family, and carries on local minimum searches iteratively but trying not to find an already found local optimizer. Numerical experiments have been carried out on two computers equipped with four and six processors; fourteen configurations of the computing resources have been investigated. To evaluate the algorithm performances the speedup and the efficiency are reported for each configuration.


Buoyancy modules are important constituent parts of deepwater drilling riser systems.The main function of buoyancy modules is to reduce wet weight of riser as well as rig tension demand.Vortex-induced vibration(VIV) is the main cause of yield failure and fatigue failure of risers,and is an important issue in riser design.Riser VIV analyses were conducted using SHEAR7 software.The effects of buoyancy distributions on riser VIV fatigue characteristics were investigated.Buoyancy distributions were optimized based on VIV suppression,and corresponding guidelines were summarized.Primarily,buoyancy distributions should make the system response frequencies be controlled jointly by buoyant joints and slick joints so as to avoid resonance.Alternatively,at the premise of keeping away from high velocity regions,buoyancy distributions should make the system response frequencies be controlled by buoyant joints so as to lower input energy as well as response mode number.


A 10-year study of the effect of wind damage on the health of residual Nothofagus fusca (Hook, f.) Oerst. / N. menziesii (Hook, f.) Oerst. (red/silver beech) forest showed tree mortality continued throughout the period in severely damaged forest. Forest with less than 30% canopy loss was much less affected by continued deterioration and showed little difference from undamaged forest at the end of the period. The two species showed different trends in mortality over time; the mortality rate of red beech levelled off after 7 years while that of silver beech was still increasing after 10 years. Platypus spp. pinhole borers were not a primary cause of tree mortality, attack being largely confined to trees that were already unhealthy. Blowdown debris harboured only a single generation of pinhole borers, decay being too advanced to support further broods.


Shear-induced stretching of polymer chains adsorbed on a planar substrate is explored by atomic force microscopy experiments to visualize chain configurations of a dried spinning droplet containing poly[methacryloyloxyethyl-dimethyl-(3-pyrrol-1-yl-propyl)ammonium bromide] (PME-D-AB) in solution. For increasing shear rates, a considerable proportion of stretched chain configurations is found, which is characterized by an increasing (positive) skewness of the chain size distribution function. This behavior is also reproduced by Brownian dynamics computer simulations if the shear gradient direction is perpendicular to the wall, but not for the situation where the shear vorticity is normal to the wall.


Based on the analysis of the soil arch effect between adjacent anti- slide piles in some cutting slope project,it is proposed that suitable spacing can be controlled by using adjacent anti- pile to form rail arch.Two suitable spacing formula can be deduced in case of existence of the stable soil body and in case of nonexistence of stable soil body.Finally the calculation process from an actual engineering was explained,it is a kind of meaningful study for anti - pile suitable spacing theories.


Chum salmon eggs from six batches of ovaries were subjected to flat plate compression loading to determine the membrane strength. The intact eggs withstood compression forces of between 0.47 to 1.22 newtons. The membrane rupture energy ranged from 2.36 to 7.99 (x 10-4) joules. After freezing fresh eggs at -10°C for 7 days, the average membrane rupture energy upon thawing was 46% less than that for fresh eggs. The apparent viscosities of fresh and frozen-thawed yolk of chum eggs were similar, and it may be concluded that yolk proteins were not cryodamaged. Sodium chloride was found to be the most effective cryoprotective agent for the prevention of membrane cryodamage.


MnAs and MnSb thin films were grown on GaAs (100) substrates by hot-wall epitaxy (HWE) technique. Epitaxial growth with (10-11) axis parallel to GaAs (100) surface was observed in both films. Polar magneto-optical Kerr rotation and Kerr ellipticity spectra were measured in these samples. For MnAs, it is for the first time that reliable polar Kerr spectra were obtained.


the major aims and settings of the educational work of the church. The suggestions which follow in Part I I I , " W a y s of W o r k i n g wi th C h u r c h Groups," are therefore related to considerable theoretical foundations. Part IV deals with "Administering the Educational Program/' and like the first half of the book, rounds out the specific group-work section with a discussion of the wider setting in which the particular programs occur. The book, therefore, serves as a set of readings for Christian education as a whole, and as such can be useful to people in various ways. Like any encyclopaedia, it is not meant to be read straight through, but rather to be used as a resource for the problems and questions that arise in this field. As a reference book it should serve well, for the articles generally provide fair, though brief, background for the general range of educational problems that occur. Furthermore, despite their average brevity, the selections provide a generally balanced coverage of the major areas of Christian education. Brief introductions to the chapters help orient the reader for the various readings that follow. For these reasons general reading in the book would be helpful, for testing of one's range in each area, for familiarizing oneself with an eclectic summary, and for stimulating him to pursue areas otherwise overlooked.


.— The European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a valuable macroalgivore, was introduced and acclimated for culture in a land-based facility at Eilat, Israel, on the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba). Large quantities of high-protein seaweed (Ulva lactuca) are produced there in biofilters used in fish mariculture. Although high water temperatures (25–27 C) inhibited summer growth, and in spite of the high salinity (41 ± 1 ppt). four groups of abalone of different sizes grew more in 1 yr than reported in their natural habitat. This fast growth is attributed to the long period (8 mo, from fall to spring) in which temperatures in Eilat waters are within the optimal range for this species, and to the high protein content of the seaweed. Winter timing of maximal growth as well as reproduction in Eilat was reversed compared with Europe, where they occur in summer. Gametogenesis began in December, and the gonads in most broodstock were spent by May. Haliotis tuberculata appears to have excellent potential for intensive mariculture in Israel.


Soybean establishes a symbiotic relationship with soybean-nodulating bacteria during the development of its nitrogen-fixing organ, the root nodule. The major soybean-nodulating rhizobia that have been identified are Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bradyrhizobium elkanii, and Sinorhizobium/Ensifer fredii (Jordan, 1982; Scholla & Elkan, 1984; Kuykendall et al., 1992; Young, 2003). Furthermore, additional species of soybean-nodulating rhizobia have been extensively discussed in the literature owing to the complexity of their taxonomical classification (Xu et al., 1995; Tan et al., 1997; Peng et al., 2002; Hungria et al., 2006; Vinuesa et al., 2008). Soybean-nodulating bacteria are found over wide regions of the world, and their genetic diversity may reflect geographical and climatic differences as well as host diversity. Some strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum effectively fixes atmospheric nitrogen and is expected to be an effective bacterial inoculant. Inoculation of soybean seeds with an effective inoculant can increase soybean yield, but field-indigenous rhizobia frequently compete with the inoculant (Yamakawa et al., 2003). Therefore, analysis of the genetic diversity and field distribution of indigenous soybean-nodulating rhizobia is important to improve our understanding of rhizobial ecology as well as inoculation methodology under various environmental conditions (Fig. 1). Many studies have investigated rhizobial ecology. In case of research for indigenous soybean-nodulating rhizobia in Japan, Sawada et al. (1989) isolated 85 indigenous soybean bradyrhizobia from soybean root nodules sampled from 46 soybean fields in Japan and classified the isolates according to their serotype by using rabbit antisera prepared against USDA strains of Bradyrhizobium as serotype antigens. Minamisawa et al. (1999) also characterized Japanese indigenous soybean bradyrhizobia isolated from six fields by analysis of their fingerprints with the hybridization probes RSα, RS┚, nifDK, and hupSL, and revealed the diversity and endemism of their population structures. Furthermore, phylogenetic comparison of common nod gene was also conducted between isolates in Thailand and Japan (Yokoyama et al., 1996). Their results suggested that bradyrhizobia might diversify in individual fields depending on the associated host plants and local soil conditions. The soybean-nodulating rhizobial community might change depending on the host cultivar and cultivation temperature even in the same field as well as in different fields with geographical, soil texture, soil pH, salinity, and other differences (Howieson & Ballard, 2004). Previously, our research group demonstrated that soybeannodulating rhizobial communities differed greatly in nearby fields depending on whether


Paucituberculata is an order of marsupials which has a long evolutionary history, developed exclusively in South America. The few species that represent this group nowadays are relatively generalized, small sized, and similar to placental insectivores of the Family Soricidae. They are grouped in the Family Caenolestidae and are distributed in three disjunctive areas along the Cordillera de los Andes, between Venezuela and southern Chile and Argentina. On the contrary, according to the paleontological record, the Paucituberculata were notably diverse and had a wide distribution in this continent. The families Palaeothentidae and Abderitidae include the most derived species of paucituberculatans, characterized by the reduction of the anterior dentition, the presence of incipient to well-developed lophs (crests), and in the case of abderitids, the transformation of the first lower molar, or last premolar and first molar, in a very compressed and cutting structure, known as "plagiaulacoid" morphology. This type of dentition appeared independently in some multituberculate groups and plesiadapiform primates, as well as in other marsupial groups as the burramids. The Paucituberculata have been long time considered more closely related to other South American marsupials, the Polydolopimorphia, with which they would have formed the monophyletic group "Pseudiprotodontia". Today this hypothesis is slightly supported. "Pseudiprotodonty" or "pseudodiprotodonty" refers to the hypertrophy and procumbency of the first lower incisor, which appeared as a convergence in kangaroos and other related groups from Australasia. Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that Didelphimorphia is the most closely related group to the Paucituberculata among South American marsupials. Application of new prospecting and recovery techniques of very small fossils (e.g. sieving, picking) yielded materials suggesting much higher diversity of paucituberculates than previously known. In this thesis, 2800 specimens were studied, among which seven new species and two genera of Paucituberculata were recognized, all of them recovered from Early Miocene sediments of Patagonia. These collections allowed the current understanding of the dental morphology of the members of this order. The new specimens, most of which are represented by teeth with very scarce wear, permitted the recognition of structures so far unknown for some members of the group, as well as the reconsideration of the serial homology of incisors and cheek teeth. The analysis of all the lineages of Paucituberculata resulted in new hypotheses of primary homology. In this sense, the study of the molar pattern of basal Paucituberculata, all of them recently published, was essential. Among the proposals of primary homology are the first incisor of the Paucituberculata with the I2/i2, and the recognition in the upper molars of the following elements of the tribosphenic pattern: anterolabial cusp= StB, posterolabial cusp= StC+D, anterolingual cusp= protocone, posterolingual cusp= metaconule, cusp lingual to StB = paracone, cusp lingual to StC+D and labial to metaconule= metacone. Establishing primary homologies was the key to elucidate the relationships among the different studied species.


If I had to write one day I would just like to say people is people and not damn white, damn black … Make them real. Make you love them not because of the color of their skin but because they are important as human beings. – Bessie Head


Background: Drowning kills at least 372,000 people every year and is the 3rd leading cause of unintentional deaths. In addition to the human tragedy, drowning represents a huge economic problem with direct and indirect costs, including many Disability-Adjusted Life Years lost. In India, very little is known about the epidemiology of drowning.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the incidence, manner, and epidemiology of deaths due to drowning in and around Kadapa region.
Methods: The present study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 in Government Medical College, Kadapa on 154 cases to study the various epidemiological parameters of drowning.
Results: In the study period, 1246 cases of postmortem examination were done, of which 154 cases were of drowning related deaths. A maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 21–30 years with males 70.77% dominating the study population. 50.64% of deaths were accidental in nature and occurred during the rainy season. The most common place of occurrence of drowning was river 57.14% followed by wells 14.28%. Soddening of hands and feet was the most common external feature of drowning followed by the presence of froth at mouth and nostril.
Conclusion: Drowning is a most ignored public hazard worldwide with serious implications for the society. Public awareness regarding safety measures and drowning prevention strategies suitable to the needs of geographical region should be adapted.


The present invention relates to a call connection system and a call connection method with a conscript console using an untagged call connection device, and an uninterrupted call connection device according to the present invention comprises an access circuit part linked with a cordless call device, A DTMF decoder module for receiving the DTMF tones transmitted from the device and for verifying that the received DTMF tones are valid DTMF tones and for receiving the valid DTMF tones and analyzing the information contained in the DTMF tones, A PPT control module for performing PPT control by using a VAD function capable of detecting silence from a voice transmitted from a radio communication device, and a radio communication device And a digital processing module for processing the analog signal transmitted from the antenna Wherein the PPT control module sets the inde- pendent interlocking control unit to the reception mode when the radiotelephone apparatus transmits a voice in the radiotelephone unit, and transmits the voice transmitted from the radiotelephone unit toward the wired communication apparatus If the wireless communication apparatus is in the wireless communication mode in which the wireless communication apparatus does not transmit voice, the voice communication unit is set to the transmission mode so that the voice transmitted from the wired communication apparatus is transmitted in the direction of the wireless communication apparatus So as to connect the call between the radio communication device capable of only one-way communication and the wired communication device capable of two-way communication


drivers of higher impact. Global Theme on Agroecosystems Report no. 10. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 24 pp. Adarsha Watershed in Kothapally Understanding the Drivers of Higher Impact An Open Access Journal published by ICRISAT ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Objective: To evaluate the scientific production on university social responsibility (USR) from institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted on documents published in indexed journals in the Scopus database from its inception until April 2023. Eligible documents included those on USR describing experiences carried out by universities in Latin America and the Caribbean. The number of articles per author, average authors per article, average citations per article, and the number of documents with one or more author were described. Bibliometric indicators regarding authors per article, co-authors per article, and institutional collaboration were presented. Bibliometric networks were constructed based on bibliographic coupling analysis of documents by countries and term co-occurrence in titles and abstracts. Results: Of a total of 4075 documents retrieved from Scopus, 150 were included. Documents published between 1997 and 2023 were identified, with an average annual growth rate of 2.7%. A total of 439 authors were identified, 18 articles had a single author, and an average of 0.3 articles per author and a co-authorship index of 3.13 were found. The percentage of international collaborations was 30.7%. Brazil had the highest proportion of publications (26.4%), followed by Chile (17%) and Colombia (13.2%). Opción and Revista de Ciencias Sociales were the journals with the highest number of articles published (13 each). In the analysis of term co-occurrence, recent years showed an increase in the use of terms related to e-learning, information and communication technologies, virtual education, COVID-19, sustainable development goals, and URSULA (initiative on USR in institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean). Conclusions: A growth in scientific production on USR in Latin America and the Caribbean was identified. The interest in USR documents in recent years has been focused on COVID-19 and the challenges of virtual education and sustainable development.


The University for industry (Ufi), through the learndirect adviceline and the network of learndirect provision, aims to improve the employability of individuals and the productivity and competitiveness of organisations as well as to increase the number of companies providing learning opportunities to employees and improving the quantity and quality of provision. This evaluation assess the strategic learning, the provision of learning opportunities and the consequent outcomes to individuals, organisations and learning provision of learndirect. The five main messages that emerge from the study are: (1) learndirect has so far had more of an impact on individuals than organisations; (2) learndirect contributes to lifelong learning by engaging new learners and by widening participation by reaching out to traditionally disadvantages groups; (3) learndirect leads to further learning progression; (4) learndirect is helping some learners enhance their employability; and (5) learndirect is contributing to the expansion and diversification of the learning market. However, the evaluation also identified some challenges. Engaging new and disadvantaged learners in accessible and attractive learning is not necessarily the best way to seek to enhance organisational productivity. The emphasis on learning progression might also pose some problems of reconciliation for Ufi between allowing learners to learn at a pace that suits them and in a way that is non-threatening but which also provides a route to the acquisition of qualifications. There also seem to be unresolved difficulties around virtual learning. Finally, the evaluation looks at the benefits and risks of Ufi's more specialised and tailored approach.


Summary.

1
The descending fibre tracts extending from the brain to the spinal cord (the medial longitudinal bundle, the reticulo-spinal and the direct vestibulo-spinal tracts) become medullated earlier than the afferent fibre paths from the spinal cord to the brain.

2
In the brain stem the vestibular nerve, the direct vestibulo-spinal tract, medial longitudinal bundle, and reticulo-spinal fibres are medullated very early.

3
The lateral lemniscus is medullated, and can be traced to the inferior corpora quadrigemina and nucleus isthmi, at a relatively early stage of Natrix sipedon.

4
The tectal component of the dorsal tecto-bulbar fibre tract does not become medullated until quite late. The dorsal tecto-bulbar fibre tracts are medullated earlier than the ventral ones.

5
The fibre tracts of the spinal cord, medulla, and midbrain in Natrix sipedon become medullated in the same order as those of the opossum and the cat. The phylogenetically most ancient fibre tracts become medullated sooner than the newer tracts.

6
The order of medullation of the cranial nerves and fibre tracts in Natrix sipedon resembles that of amphibia.


This book presents a comprehensive study, both theoretical and empirical, based on a project on 'learning' English in a Language Centre in Mexico. In my view, this book provides an in-depth, serious and well-grounded analysis. It is well illustrated with examples offered by the students' learning processes, their in-the-process reflections and their comments on their learning activities as well as on their implications for their understanding of the world, of their own community and of themselves. The link with a comprehensive, focused and relevant bibliography is skilfully and fittingly woven into the text, which gives a methodologically and scientifically sound account of the approach taken to learning English throughout the case study analysed. The authors firmly identify their research focus as 'performing English with a postcolonial accent' while 'learning' English in context, instead of putting the focus on the 'teaching' of English. And they explain: 'For us, the postcolonial condition represents the political, social and cultural realities of what constitutes the everyday lives of the actors entangled in the ''whirlwind of globalisation''' (p. 3, citing Castells, 2000). To start with, the book includes a foreword by Canagarajah that gives the reader a lot of food for thought when reading this book. He feels the need to start with the statement, ' . . . even communities not formerly colonised by Britain find English a significant medium of communication . . .', although he complements it by clarifying how he defines performance in such circumstances: 'Performance therefore means gaining voice in a language by appropriating its forms and conventions for your purpose'. And he adds 'To gain voice is to stamp the language with your identity'. This ties in with the introductory statement made by the authors in the Prologue: 'To establish one's identity in respect to the language one speaks is important'. Understandably, given the fact that English is learnt here as a foreign language on Mexican soil and by members of a Mexican community, the national and local identities are each presented as tightly woven, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, as opposed to a foreign identity. Both the national and local identities seem to be carried out by the perceptions, possibly contradictory, in relation to English that these Mexican students of English bring with them. However, the text sometimes falls short in its exploration of the impact that the will to learn a foreign language, English in particular, may have on the construction of plural identities, despite its explicit commitment to 'provide ethnography texture to the interplay between language, agency, identity and culture'. Moreover, according to the authors 'they are doing their own performance of English with a postcolonial accent' (p. 29), however, they are not doing it individually, that is, they communicate interactively within their own cultural group, with those who share the same mother tongue. As a result, they are using English in a way that, in its cultural connotations, Language and Intercultural Communication Vol. 10, No. 2, May 2010, 178 180


The vascular anatomy of cutaneous perforators is of vital importance for the design of successful perforator flaps. The detailed knowledge of this vascular anatomy provides the framework for flap elevation. Therefore, it is critical that the reconstructive surgeon has a detailed under-standing of the vascular anatomy of the human integument. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the vascular anatomy of the human body to allow surgeons to use and customize perforator flaps in reconstructive plastic surgery


A concept of distributed fiber-optic sensing, monitoring and control for smart aircraft is introduced. In-flight sensing results are shown with comparison to aeroelastic analysis. Aerodynamic load identification is also conducted.


However, they face under enrollment in advanced disease trials. Asian American and Latino patients also face persistent under enrollment across all trial types. Investigators should work to improve recruitment and enrollment efforts, and report enrollment data by race and ethnicity so that patients, providers and researchers can better grasp the generalizability and applicability of study results.


This paper argues that even though EU policies in the DRC integrated different components of human security – namely human rights protection, the restoration of law and order, and effective multilateralism – in practice these policies have had mixed success in realizing the objective of human security. This can be explained by three main reasons: (i) EU policies are based on a number of premises about how peace and human security can best be achieved, but
these premises are overly simplistic, and in most cases tend to overlook or are disconnected from complexities on the ground; (ii) since the end of the transition in 2006, the EU saw its influence as dominant diplomatic and conflict management actor gradually weakening, and has
focused on its role as a development actor, with a specific focus on the implementation of technical projects rather than on the development of a strategic policy on the DRC; and (iii) there is a general lack of political will from Congolese state authorities to engage with donor strategies
and to support initiatives that promote a genuine national reform.


The invention discloses a method for controlling an Internet television by an intelligent mobile telephone. The invention comprises an intelligent mobile telephone with a bluetooth module, a background system software platform supporting WIDGET development of the intelligent mobile telephone, an Internet television with a bluetooth transmitting/receiving module and a data communication assembly for the interaction of the bluetooth module and a network core assembly in the Internet television. The method for controlling the Internet television by the intelligent mobile telephone is realized by the three following steps: (1) developing a WIDGET module of the intelligent mobile telephone; (2) installing a newly developed WIDGET module on the intelligent mobile telephone; and (3) receiving remote-control information transmitted by the intelligent mobile telephone by the Internet television and interacting with the intelligent mobile telephone. The invention expands the application field of the intelligent mobile telephone, solves the defect existing in a traditional remote controller of the Internet television and provides a simple, easy and convenient remote controller of the Internet television.


We estimate the impact of the Social Security Annual Earnings Test (AET) on older workers' employment. The AET reduces social security claimants' current benefits in proportion to their earnings in excess of an exempt amount. Using a regression kink design and Social Security Administration data, we document that the discontinuous change in the benefit reduction rate at the exempt amount causes a corresponding change in the slope of the employment rate, suggesting that the extensive margin of labor supply is more sensitive to this policy than commonly thought. We develop a model and method that allow us to translate the behavioral responses into a lower bound estimate of 0.49 for the extensive margin elasticity, which implies more than a 1 percentage point increase in work in the absence of the AET. (JEL H55, J14, J22, J26, J31)


This study aims to (1) identify the feasibility of catfish hatchery business and (2) to know the alternative and strategic priorities that can be applied in the development of catfish hatchery business in the Minapolitan Area of Magelang District. Research location in sub-District of Muntilan, Mungkid, and Sawangan, was chosen by purposive sampling. Respondents were chosen by snowball 42 as samples from farmers and stakeholders related to catfish hatchery business.  Data analysis used on the business feasibility is BEP and R/C ratio criteria. The analysis of business development strategy uses SWOT analysis. The business feasibility analysis tool used is cost analysis, revenue, and nett revenue. Feasibility analysis result obtained BEP revenue of Rp53.587.484,00, BEP production of 255.087,71 unit fish, BEP price of Rp 56.00 per unit fish, and R/C ratio of 1,67. The development of strategy of catfish hatchery business are (1) maintaining good relationship with stakeholders and maximizing natural resources management for business development due to low interest of community on catfish hatchery business, and (2) utilizing expert resources (practitioners and academics) in the field of hatchery by government assistance to improve the quality of seed products and for expanding market size to meet the increased demand.


The aim of this study was to investigate whether the metabolic syndrome (MS) was associated with an elevated level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and increased arterial stiffness, and to clarify whether combined MS and CRP data had a stronger relation to arterial stiffness than did MS data alone. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), CRP, and conventional risk factors were evaluated in 3,412 men and 854 women. Adjusted mean values of baPWV in men with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 components were 1,309, 1,372, 1,422, and 1,462 cm/s, respectively (p for trend <0.001). Adjusted mean values of baPWV in women with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 components were 1,212, 1,292, 1,357, and 1,391 cm/s, respectively (p for trend <0.001). Adjusted geometric mean concentrations of CRP in men with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 components were 0.036, 0.049, 0.059, and 0.076 mg/dl, respectively (p for trend <0.001). Adjusted geometric mean concentrations of CRP in women with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 components were 0.023, 0.030, 0.057, and 0.077 mg/dl, respectively (p for trend <0.001). In analyses of adjusted mean values of baPWV according to the number of MS components and according to CRP levels within or without top quartile levels, the p value for the trend was significant (<0.001) in both men and women but, in post hoc analyses, comparing high and low CRP levels in each MS component–number group, no significant difference was found. These results suggest that, for prediction of increased arterial stiffness, combining MS and CRP data has little additive effect compared to the use of MS data alone.


This study discusses the possibilities of the analysis of the resources of the World Wide Web network due to the link structure. The most important ways, the searching for resources in the entire network and the searching for information in the query-depended part of the network, are presented. New application areas of the link structure analysis are indicated.


The instability of the teaching staff of the three middle schools in Ekaterinburg in the 1860-s is shown. The author considered the complex of reasons for this situation and attempts to solve difficult challenges of adaptation for skilled teachers.


ABSTRACT The effects of thermal modification and flexural configuration on the physical and flexural properties of makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi) with various density ranges were investigated. The density and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of bamboo significantly decreased with increasing treatment temperature from 140°C to 220°C. Simultaneously, the modulus of rupture (MOR) and ductility factor (DF) of thermally modified bamboo showed a declining trend. In the flexural test, loading on the outer side in tension (OT) and loading on the outer side in compression (OC) of the bamboo specimens were applied using different flexural configurations. The MOR of the nontreated OC specimen (MOROC) was higher than that of the nontreated OT specimen (MOROT), while the MOROC of the 220°C-treated specimen was lower than the MOROT. Additionally, the nontreated OT specimen showed a higher DF than the nontreated OC specimen. Despite the density range and flexural configuration, the DF of the thermally modified specimen decreased when the treatment temperature increased above 140°C. However, the modulus of elasticity exhibited no significant differences among all the specimens under different treatment temperatures and flexural configurations.


PURPOSE: To provide a method and device for preparing a data base whose data item is standard record to be executed by a microcomputer by operating the design and programming of the data base useful for both an inspection principle and a matrix principle. CONSTITUTION: An information source 31 is connected with a microcomputer 32, and the microcomputer 32 reads an account chart, prepares each individual judgment column number, and stores it in a memory 33. Also, the microcomputer 32 reads a journal item from the information resource 31, allocates one of the account column number 33 to a debit and credit related with an account number in the journal item, and the allocated account column is divided in the order of the smaller account column number for each journal item. Here, the microcomputer 32 can identify the unique set of the account columns related with design, that is, the journal item, the size of a sparse matrix is decided, based on the number of the account columns, and when the design is new, proper design recording is prepared.


The purpose of this essay is to study what is characteristic for popular historical writing. The purpose is also to both problematize popular history and to see its abilities, which leads to the es ...


I. Introduction The Fourth Amendment guarantees "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures . . . ." The U.S. Supreme Court has held that "[i]t is well settled under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments that a search conducted without a warrant issued upon probable cause is 'per se unreasonable . . . subject only to a few specifically established and well-- delineated exceptions.'"1 One of the "well settled" exceptions that the Court has established to the requirements of both a warrant and probable cause involves consent-based searches.2 Thus, when law enforcement officers lack the necessary probable cause to support a search warrant, they can obtain voluntary consent to search a suspect's property. The question turns upon what constitutes "voluntariness." In 1973, in Schneckloth v. Bustamonte,3 the Court declared that a person's voluntary consent to a warrantless search need not be supported by any knowledge of his or her right to refuse to consent. Two years later the New Jersey Supreme Court rejected that proposition. In State v. Johnson,4 that court became the first state court to apply a more rigorous consent search standard under its own state constitution. It held that the state, when seeking to rely upon consent to support a warrantless search, must prove that the person providing consent knew that he or she "had a choice in the matter."5 Johnson exemplifies the early dawn of independent state constitutional jurisprudence. This movement sprang up to vindicate the individual rights written out of United States constitutional jurisprudence by increasingly conservative Supreme Court decisions. In 1977, for example, the Harvard Law Review published a seminal article6 written by Supreme Court Justice William Brennan calling for state courts to "thrust themselves into a position of prominence in the struggle to protect the people of our nation from governmental intrusions on their freedoms."7 Brennan's advocacy was in keeping with the principle that the Bill of Rights established a foundation for the protection of civil liberties that state courts may not undermine, but may build upon through their own constitutions and the exercise of powers reserved to them by the Tenth Amendment under our federalist system.8 Expanding upon Brennan's theme, others, such as New Jersey Supreme Court Justice Stewart Pollock,9 urged states to look to the examples of sister states in interpreting similar provisions of their own constitutions-a practice known as "horizontal federalism."10 As an Oregon Supreme Court opinion noted: "Diversity is the price of a decentralized legal system, or its justification, and guidance on common issues may be found in the decisions of other state courts as well as in those of the United States Supreme Court."11 Indeed, one law professor went so far as to argue that "as a matter of persuasive authority in state constitutional interpretation, Supreme Court interpretations of similar or identical federal constitutional provisions are entitled to less weight than decisions of sister state jurisdictions. Horizontal federalism . . . should be more persuasive."12 Given these stirring calls to arms by state constitutionalists, one might have supposed that Johnson would become a bellwether decision, followed in short order by a procession of state supreme court opinions providing higher procedural standards for proving voluntary consent to warrantless searches. It never happened. Remarkably, for close to a quarter-century, the New Jersey Supreme Court stood alone as the only state court to reject the Bustamonte voluntary consent standard. In 1998 another state court finally followed New Jersey's lead. In State v. Ferrier,13 the Washington Supreme Court not only adopted the New Jersey standard by reference, but also built upon it by applying even more protections against warrantless consent searches. …


(54) ULTRASOUNDASSISTED PROCESS FOR 5,410,984. A * 5/1995 Pikus et al. ................. 117/206 INCREASING THE CRYSTALLINITY OF 5,519,211 A * 5/1996 Bur et al. .............. 250/227.19 SLOW CRYSTALLIZABLE POLYMERS * cited b (75) Inventors: Avraam Isayev, Akron, OH (US); cited by examiner Horst Hans Rieckert, Calw (DE) Primary Examiner Terressa Boykin 73) AS : The U tV of Akron. Akron, OH (73) Signee S. nversity o On, AKron, (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Roetzel & Andress


A poly(4-bromoaniline) (PBA) film is electrochemically synthesized on a gold electrode for the recognition of amino acids enantiomers. Scanning electron microscopy measurements show that the porous PBA films are made up of nano-ribbons. At the PBA modified Au electrode differential pulse voltammograms of L- and D-glutamic acids not only have very different current densities, but also produce different waveforms, providing an intuitive way to differentiate the two chiral molecules. Similar results are obtained in analyzing L- and D-aspartic acids. Control experiments suggest that the observed sensing behavior arises from synergistic interactions between Au and the PBA film, where polymerization at the meta-position creates a steric structure needed for differentiating chiral molecules.


The main structures of proximal femur, such as femoral calcar and lesser trochanter, play an important role in anti-flexion and anti-varus. As the proximal femur is rich in blood supply and its fracture rarely leads to nonunion after treatment, surgical treatment has become the first choice for orthopaedists to deal with such fractures. The key to a successful surgery for proximal femoral fracture is to restore the continuity of medial cortex. However, it is still a great challenge how to restore the medial continuity of the proximal femur and its supporting role as well. This article reviews the current progress in research on the proximal femoral medial wall and its supporting fixation in order to provide clinical guidance for orthopaedists treating proximal femoral fractures.

Key words:
Femur; Fractures, bone; Fracture fixation, internal


In this paper, we have studied a novel continuously variable transmission (CVT), which has the potential to be applied to robotics. The transmission principle of the CVT is based on Vbelt transmission and planetary gear train transmission to get large reduction ratio, and its design motivation employs the theory of nested structure to realize a compact CVT. Next, we carry out dynamic simulation on the CVT with different loads and different transmission ratios to analyze work efficiency, and then analyze the dynamics of the planet carrier under the constant torque input. Finally, we develop a prototype with hydraulic drive to adjust the transmission ratio, and design a V-belt composed of multiple metal sheets that can be pre-tightened.


A general circuit configuration is developed from Wien's bridge which includes two previously described allpass filters. The rate at which the phase changes with frequency may be widely varied. One version has a transfer function whose magnitude is unity for all frequencies and rates of change of phase.


secrets-from-heaven-a-of-divine-knowledge-and-deep-mystery-based-on-the-messages-the-author-received-from-the-lord-and-his-holy-angels-from-the-spiritual-elevation-of-mankind 1/1 PDF Drive Search and download PDF files for free. Secrets From Heaven A Of Divine Knowledge And Deep Mystery Based On The Messages The Author Received From The Lord And His Holy Angels From The Spiritual Elevation Of Mankind


In this paper the history of the founding and of the development of the Amaldi Conferences is described with special reference to the following aspects and questions:
1. The Origin
2. The Vision of a European CISAC (Committee on International Security and Arms Control)
3. Changes in the Political Landscape and their Consequences
4. Discussions on Widening the Scope of the Amaldi Conferences
5. The "Amaldi Guidelines"
6. Are the Amaldi Conferences still serving their initial purpose?
7. Are there new chances for a European CISAC after the progress in European Unification?


Abstract This article is the second of two describing convective lines with parallel stratiform (PS) precipitation. The PS mode appears to be the preferred organizational structure in environments with line-parallel vertical wind shear. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the processes that lead to the development of the PS structure within line-parallel shear, and the positive and negative feedbacks associated with the mature PS structure. As well, the particular importance of line-perpendicular and line-parallel wind shear, line-end effects, inertial stability, and patterns of convective initiation are investigated through a battery of sensitivity tests. Convective lines with PS precipitation develop in environments with both significant line-perpendicular and line-parallel vertical wind shear. Although the studied environments are initially supportive of supercells, the merging of outflows soon renders a predominant linear forcing and the characteristic PS structure. The systems' linearity in th...


The current research illustrates a framework for modeling the bankruptcy prediction models using the Unified Modeling Language. The developed framework uses the Anghel bankruptcy prediction model which is ranked by the local specialists as one of the most representative and actual autochthonous model. Also, our decision regarding the modeling of Anghel bankruptcy prediction function was based on the high accuracy rate of the model which is higher that 95%. Thus, through the UML modeling of the Anghel function it was intended to highlight the extent to which current economic transactions, carried out within the company (sales, purchasing, commissioning), submit through accounting operations (which supplies the balance of accounts) items in the annual financial statements information that determines the final score of Anghel function. Due to such application, any company could be able to find out at any moment the Anghel score value and hence the company's financial status (which can be either financial stability or bankruptcy risk). Owning such information could be vital for the company because, in the case of financial instability warning, the top management will have a sufficient margin of time to bring the activity to a healthy state and thus to prevent the bankruptcy settlement. Furthermore, the current UML developed model can be acquired by a add-on computer application and integrated into an ERP system within a Business Intelligence Component or a Scorecard component/module. Through such integration, the application will benefit from the computerization of other ERP modules from which will be able to retrieve information regarding the account balances. Such information is necessary to determine the cumulative, multi-level hierarchical Z-score value function as presented in our detailed UML model. Keywords: UML, bankruptcy prediction models, Anghel model, Z-score computer modelling;


Abstract : The research goal for the project reported here has been to develop enabling technology for building large knowledge bases designed to support automated and semi-automated problem solving for scientific and engineering domains. The work on analyzing problem-solving tasks, much of it preceding the project reported here, has led to the view that there are distinct, analyzable Generic Tasks (GT's) that occur naturally in problem-solving activity. The Functional Representation Language (FR), was originally introduced by Sembugamoorthy and Chandrasekaran (1986) as a device representation from which diagnosis-specific knowledge could be derived by a process of knowledge compilation. It was subsequently applied to support other tasks besides diagnosis (most notably forms of qualitative simulation), and used to represent a wide variety of device types.


Abstract Conclusion: A man-made bone tunnel of 1.5 turns around the modiolus can be created in cases of total cochlear ossification. Patients with ossified cochlea types I and II achieved satisfactory hearing results after cochlear implantation (CI). Patients with ossified cochlea type III, in which the modiolus is damaged by the ossification, showed poor hearing results after CI. Objectives: To introduce a new CI surgical technique for ossified cochlea and to summarize postoperative hearing results. Methods: A total of 79 patients with ossified cochlea who underwent CI were analyzed. Cases were divided into three types: type I, round window ossification; type II, partial cochlear ossification; and type III, complete cochlear ossification. Four surgical methods were used: method A, applicable to type I; methods B and C, applicable to type II; and method D, applicable to type III. Sound field audiometric and speech tests were performed 6 months postoperatively. Results: All surgeries were successful. The average hearing thresholds for warble tone were 35 dB hearing level (HL) in types I and II and 75 dB HL in type III. The average recognition rates of Mandarin speech were 100% (single finals) and 91% (single initials) in types I and II and 20% (single finals) and 0% (single initials) in type III.


[Objective] To investigate the treatment method for high energy Plion fractures and evaluate the results. [Methods] From January 2000 to June 2005, 56 cases were randomly divided into two groups: Groups 1 (27 cases) was treated by limited open reduction and internal fixation combined with external fixation; Groups 2 (29 cases) was treated by open reduction and internal fixation. [Results] 47cases (Groups 1:22; Groups 2:29) were followed up with a mean period of 18.7 months (12~48 months). Neither infections of wound nor soft tissue complication was found; however, 3 cases had infection and 1 cases had bone healing complications in Groups 2. According to Marsh classification of reduction of the articular surface of the ankle, the quality of reduction of articular surface showed in Groups 1: 10 excellent and 6 good, 4 fair and 2 bad, the rate of excellent and good was 72.73%; in Groups 2: 16 excellent and 5 good, 2 fair and 1 bad, the rate of excellent and good was 84.00%, there was not significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05). According to Mazur ankle joint scoring system, clinical results demonstrated in Groups 1: 12 excellent and 7 good, 2 fair and 1 bad, the rate of excellent and good was 86.32%; in Groups 2: 10 excellent and 5 good, 6 fair and 4 bad, the rate of excellent and good was 64.00%, there was significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05). [Conclusion] Beside the reduction of fracture and restoring anatomical articular surface, to avoid soft tissue complication is also important. Limited internal fixation combined with external fixation enable early ankle joint motion, and can help to prevent ankle joint stiffness after fixation, and also helps to effectively decrease bone healing complications. It is a satisfying technique to treat high energy Plion fractures.


The brown trout, Salmo trutta, was first introduced to the Laurentian Great Lakes in 1887 from European broodstocks to found a recreational salmonid fishery; however, the origins of these progenitor lineages remain largely unknown. Trout from these regions are very specialized to their native habitats and matching North American stocks to similar watersheds may help increase survivability by introducing the stock to a more appropriate environment. The objective of this study was to determine the European origins of brown trout found in the Great Lakes. We analyzed 144 brown trout from ten watersheds across Michigan and Wisconsin and identified their strain assignment according to the MIDNR classification using their mtDNA ND-1 sequences. European progenitor lineages occurring within these strain assignments were then identified using the first 309 base pairs of the mtDNA control region. Nine ND-1 haplotypes were found in the four most recently stocked strains. A total of four different European lineages were identified by 5 SNPs in the mtDNA control region in the 144 brown trout samples. One unique control region haplotype which has not been described was observed and a phylogeny was constructed with known sequences. We found that the Sturgeon River strain largely shares the same progenitor lineage as Gilchrist Creek. Fishery managers can use this information to make informed decisions about stocking watersheds where certain strains might prosper or to choose to not stock strains due to poor performance and great dissimilarity between North American watersheds and the European progenitor's native watershed. v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii CHAPTER


Nano-Si3N4 has been synthesized by the thermal plasma with silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) as the Si source, liquid ammonia (NH3) as the N source, and silane (SiH4) as the catalyst. And the prepared Nano-Si3N4was heat-treated atfour different temperatures of 1350°C, 1400°C, 1450°C, 1500°C. The as-prepared samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the particle size of the nano-Si3N4 powder was less than 100 nm and it was amorphous when the temperature below 1450°C. At 1500°C, the synthesized Si3N4 powder with the grain size of 10 nm was crystallized, and the α-phase Si3N4 reached more than 90%.


Several refrigerants have emerged as substitutes to replace R22, the most widely used fluorocarbon refrigerants in the world. These include the environmentally –friendly hydrocarbon (HFC) refrigerants R134a, R410A, R407C and M20. In the present research study a refrigerant property dependent thermodynamic model of a simple reciprocating system, which can simulate the performance of actual system as closely as possible, has been used to compare the characteristics of various refrigerants [R22, R134a, R410A, R407C and M20] used by world manufacturers to meet the challenges of higher efficiency and environmental responsibility while keeping their system affordable. Considering the recent trends of replacement of ozone depleting refrigerants and improvement in system efficiency, in the present study, R407C can be a potential HFC refrigerant replacement for new and existing systems presently using R22 with minimum investment and efforts. Copyright © 2011 International Energy and Environment Foundation - All rights reserved.


Metal-nanoclusters in dielectric materials having centers of symmetry, such as glasses, have recently attracted immense interest in materials science research for their potential applications in nonlinear optics. Various types of glasses are very attractive materials for these applications, because of their relatively fast response time. Furthermore, glassbased nanocomposites are, in general, expected to play an important role as materials for various nanotechnology applications, due to low cost, ease of processing, high durability, resistance and high transparency, as well as the possibility of tailoring the


Drought is a natural phenomenon that can occur in an area. Where these events can threaten and disrupt life and livelihoods around areas affected by drought. For example Pandeglang with an area of 274,689.91 hectares, 80.07 percent of which is used for agricultural businesses such as rice fields, gardens, large plantations, land for community forest plantations and state forests, while the rest is used for plantations / land for construction and so on. Drought is an important thing for the local government to be able to overcome this problem. In this study the method used is TVDI (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index). TVDI can be generated
through the formation of a triangular relationship between NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and LST (Land Suraface Temperature) in 2017. %


Vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup (VRPSDP) with strong industrial background has gained wide attention both in academic and engineering fields. A novel quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QEA) with computing the rotation gate using elite mean values based on chaos theory is presented for VRPSDP. A grey binary scheme is develop for individual representation. An efficient population initialization based on Nearest Insertion Algorithm (NIA) and chaos function is proposed to generate an initial population with certain quality and diversity. A local search strategy based on the NIA and Or-Opt et.al, named the revision and improvement search, is applied to the solution. Simulation results and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


The family Theridiosomatidae are first found in China, the present paper deals with a new species belonging to genus Wendilgarda from Hainan, China, under the name of Wendilgarda sinensis sp. nov. All measurements given are in millimeters. Wendilgarda sinensis sp. nov. (figs. 1—7) Holotype♀, allotype♂, paratype1♀, Qionghai County(19°12′N, 110°24′E), Hainan, May 20, 1990. Total length of female 1.92. Cephalothorax 0.50 long. 0.50 wide;abdomen 1.40 long, 1.30 wide, 1.40 high. Carapace yellow, head region raised. Anterior median eyes closer to each oth er than to laterals (0.03:0.04), eyes of posterior row about equally spaced (0.05). Median ocu lar quadrangle behind as wide as in front (0.19:0.19), slightly longer than wide (0.20:0.19). Eyes diameters in ratio: AMEPMEALE=PLE(0.10:0.08:0.06:0.06). Width of clypeus almost two time diameter of AME(0.18). Chdicerae yellow,with six tooth on anterior margin, and three tooth on posterior margin. Abdomen yellow—white, with two pairs of brownish spot in the dorsum. Epigyne as in figs. 3,4. Total length of male 1.38. Cephalothorax 0.58 long, 0.58 wide; abdomen 1.05 lortg, 0.93 wide, 1.01 high. The shape and colour similar to those thefemale, but elypeus higher than in fe male, total length of the body smaller than female in size. This new species somewhat allied to wendilgarda clara Keyserling (Coddington, 1986: 158-162. figs. 212—217), but differs from the latter in the structure of epigynum and palpal organ, tibial and metatarsai trichobothria of the legs at position and number also are different from the latter.


Macroscopic Dynamic Traffic Assignment (MDTA) models are widely used tools to forecast the impact of proposed traffic investments. Most MDTA models were developed to be used on highways, recently however they are used in urban areas as well. A large difference between highways and roads in urban areas is the presence of junctions. This thesis describes in which way the effects of junctions can be taken into account in MDTA models. This thesis also presents the fundamentals of a new algorithm to take into account the effects of junctions in MaDAM, the MDTA model of OmniTRANS. X-Stream describes a more realistic manner in which traffic propagates at intersections. It also gives the user more influence in setting the ratio of computational time versus precision.


By using methods of research, systems analysis and synthesis, logic inductive and deduction, this paper studies how to promote the comprehensive analysis of sports culture construction in colleges and universities of Hubei province. It combines with the age requirements of developing advanced culture and promotion of the sports culture, reform of school physical education teaching model, students play the role as the main force in school sports culture in the construction.


In this paper, we propose a quantum user authentication protocol witha single photon based on short shared secret key and quantum bit error ratio verification. In this scheme, usage of proposed deterministic quantum key distribution technique and simple v erification in a public channel culminate reduced photon transmission. Security's analysis proves proposed scheme is resistant to impostors' attacks and eavesdropper. Furthermore , proposed protocol can extend to multiparty environment and permits to re-use many times of the shared secret key without revealing it .


The invention provides a relative position measurement method through radio positioning and a measurement device thereof. The measurement device comprises a transmitting unit, receiving units and a signal processing unit. Receiving signals of each receiving unit are extracted by recording the position of each receiving unit, the distance between all the receiving units and the distance between each receiving unit and the transmitting unit under the initial state so as to solve phase information. The position of the transmitting unit relative to a platform can be solved according to the space quadrilateral geometric relation of the receiving units and the transmitting unit. The phase ambiguity problem is solved, and measurement of the direction and the relative position of moving points can be realized through transmitting signals of single frequency so that the system is easy to realize, high in reliability and low in influence of external factors and can control the moving distance and the position of the moving nodes in real time and can be widely applied to the system requiring long-term monitoring and early warning.


Vesiculobullous disorders of the oral cavity managed by oral medicine specialists include erythema multiforme, pemphigus vulgaris, paraneoplastic pemphigus and mucous membrane pemphigoid. These conditions can have significant effects on quality of life and potentially serious sequelae if not identified early.


A long-term numerical integration of the classical Newtonian approximation to the planetary orbital motions of the full solar system (Sun + eight planets), spanning 20 Gyr, was performed. The results showed no severe instability arising over this time interval. Subsequently, utilizing a bifurcation method described by Jacques Laskar, two numerical experiments were performed with the goal of determining dynamically allowed evolutions for the solar system in which the planetary orbits become unstable. The experiments yielded one evolution in which Mercury falls onto the Sun at ~1.261 Gyr from now, and another in which Mercury and Venus collide in ~862 Myr. In the latter solution, as a result of Mercury's unstable behavior, Mars was ejected from the solar system at 822 Myr. We have performed a number of numerical tests that confirm these results and indicate that they are not numerical artifacts. Using synthetic secular perturbation theory, we find that Mercury is destabilized via an entrance into a linear secular resonance with Jupiter in which their corresponding eigenfrequencies experience extended periods of commensurability. The effects of general relativity on the dynamical stability are discussed. An application of the bifurcation method to the outer solar system (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) showed no sign of instability during the course of 24 Gyr of integrations, in keeping with an expected Uranian dynamical lifetime of 1018 yr.


Two field isolates (NC2 and NC3) of Beuveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin were evaluated as microbial control agents of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), in a bioassay system incorporating physical characteristics of commercial poultry houses. Both isolates produced >90% mortality in new litter against larval A. diaperinus at the highest application rate (2.37 × 1011conidia per square meter) 2 wk after application. Neither isolate achieved as high a rate of mortality in used litter. Adult A. diaperinus were less susceptible than larvae to these isolates. At the highest application rate (2.37 × 1011conidia per square meter), isolate NC2 conidia achieved 60%mortality of adults in new litter and 33%mortality in old litter. The same concentration of isolate NC3 conidia produced 68 and 33% mortality in new and used litter, respectively.


Digital holography (DH) is a powerful imaging modality that is capable of capturing the object wavefront information, making it very valuable for diverse scientific research applications. Generally, it requires ample illumination to enable good fringe visibility and a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. As such, in situations such as probing live cells with minimal light interaction and high-speed volumetric tracking in flow cytometry, the holograms generated with a limited photon budget suffer from poor pattern visibility. While it is possible to make use of photon-counting detectors to improve the hologram quality, the long recording procedure coupled with the need for mechanical scanning means that real-time extremely low-light holographic imaging remains a formidable challenge. Here, we develop a snapshot DH that can operate at an ultra-low photon level (less than one photon per pixel). This is achieved by leveraging a quanta image sensor to capture a stack of binary holographic frames and then computationally reconstructing the wavefront through integrating the mathematical imaging model and the data-driven processing, an approach that we termed PSHoloNet. The robustness and versatility of our DH system are demonstrated on both synthetic and experimental holograms with two common DH tasks, namely particle volumetric reconstruction and phase imaging. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to expand DH to the photon-starved regime, and our method will enable more advanced holography applications in various scientific imaging systems.


Abstract : Groping for solutions in this fog of half-war, half-peace, which grips not only Indonesia but much of the world, is Col. Gary W. Anderson, a 51-year-old Marine who is chief of staff of the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory here. Anderson is not the typical bunker-charging, poster-boy Marine. An internationally known authority on new kinds of warfare, Anderson more resembles a militarized Thomas Edison, an experimenter in the science of war. Vexing Anderson now is the East Timor question: How does a military force stop riots and ethnic slaughter while minimizing civilian and peacekeeper casualties?


This study examines two different aspects of the growth mechanism of helical muscle fibers in adult leeches. The muscle is striated and together with cross-striated fibers shares the precise and rigorous spatial organization of actin and myosin filaments. Leeches continue to grow throughout their life. They have two suckers, which limits growth mainly to the central metameres. Each metamere increases in length and diameter. Each muscle fiber increases by inserting wedge-shaped sarcomeres between complete sarcomeres and by dividing. Before mitosis, the fiber accumulates a large amount of glycogen, and in the area of division the myofilaments change their orientation. The sarcolemma invaginates, and the cytoplasmic core containing organules is divided into two parts. Mitotic figures were observed, but indirect evidence was used as well to confirm this unusual mechanism. J. Exp. Zool. 281:171–187, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


The following work is a summary of the pricipal geologic aspects and hydrogeologic of the Thermal Aquifers contained by the Botucatu Formations and Serra Geral in the oriental region of the Watershed Chacoparanense Argentina and their correlation with the geologic units and similar hiyrogeologic in the western region of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. In the Oriental Republic of Uruguay studies have been carried out previously partial tending to the quantification of the Hydrotermal Resourse and their possibilities, (TAHAL, 1986, HIDROSUD, 1988, Montanio and Carrion, 1990; Catteno, 1992; Montyear Xavier and Collazo Caraballo, 1998). During the last years a geologic and hydrogeologic study has been carried out in the institutional mark of the INA with the support of the UNESCO that gave place to the realization of a doctoral thesis in the University of Buenos Aires, (Silva Busso, 1999). Starting from this last one the author has summarized the general aspects in this work including the hydrogeologic map of the Thermal Aquifer System and recommendations for its future exploration and exploitation and an estimated evaluation of the resource. The objective of this study is the correlation and geologic and hydrogeologic interpretation, in a regional context, as a consequence of the childbirth in the Argentinean sector


Plant height,ear height,ear length,ear diameter,tassel branch number,date to silk and date to pollen shedding are important agronomical traits in maize.In this study,apopulation of 141 RIL lines was used to map quantitative trait locus(QTL)of seven agronomic traits under three different environments.A total of 18 QTLs associated with the seven traits were detected.Individual locus explained9.79%to 37.35% of phenotypic variance.Four of them were detected under more than one environment,and 5QTLs were the same as those reported previously.It will provide basis for improving these agronomic traits in maize.


The valley of Arenillas river, located in El Oro province, in the South Coast of Ecuador shows human settlement that represents around 5,000 years of cultural process that have contributed to form the regional identity that it is characterized for a complex ecological variability where the major is the mangrove forest and the presence of small lagoons that are improved for river increasings. In the Regional Period (500 BC – 500 AC), the valley was dominated by Jambeli Culture that exploited several zone resources combined coastal with interior resources, founded a complementary economy that is reflected on theirs work tools manufactured whith litics materials, which added with other archaeological remainder like the malacologies and potteries, let us interpret the position of place of Jambeli.


The nucleotide sequences of six markers, including nuclear ITS, chloroplast matK, rbcL, atpF-H, psbK-I and psbA- trnH, were analyzed for the plants known as Melia toosendan collected in Southwest China; M. azadarach planted in Southeast China, Korea and India; and species related to Sapindaceae in order to clarify the species boundary between M. toosendan and M. azadarach. The result of a phylogenetic analysis using the nuclear ITS and five chloroplast marker sequences determined that the plants known as M. toosendan and M. azadarach are the same species. These two species have been treated as a single species or as two different species depending on the researcher. The result of the present study supports the contention that the two species are the same. In addition, a sister species to M. azadarach registered in various countries with various basionyms is Azadirachta indica, a well-known medicinal plant. It has previously been classified as a member of the genus Melia.


Diaphus dumerilii, a myctophid, was recorded for the first time with the capture of a single specimen off Algarve, southern Portugal.


Problems with existing marine oil water separators are first discussed. The design features and working principles of a prototype vacuum-based separator are then described, as are laboratory tests of the device conducted in accordance with the testing rules for separators recommended by IMO A396 (X). The paper concluded by giving practical results obtained from the marine application of the vacuum separator.


Helium ion channeling has been used in a detailed study of 3C-SiC films on a Si/SiO2/Si (SIMOX) substrate. The strain-induced angular shift was determined to be 0.16?? 0.05?, indicating a kink between the SiC and Si layers along the axis. Single crystals of 6H-SiC have been irradiated with a variety of ions over a range of fluences. The relative disorder on Si sublattice shows a sigmoidal dependence on dose for all ions. In isochronal and isothermal annealing studies, two distinct recovery stages are identified with activation energies of 0.25? 0.1 eV and 1.5? 0.3 eV, respectively. Deuterium ion channeling is also applied to simultaneously study accumulated disorder on Si and C sublattices in 6H-SiC crystals irradiated at 100 and 300 K.


Tony Pearce, Director of the Masters Engineering Programme at the Open University, introduces the new Master of Engineering degree which aims to give Open University students the opportunity to meet the new SARTOR educational requirements of Chartered status in Engineering by the Individual Case route. The degree programme has been developed over the last two years in close consultation with the Engineering Council, the Engineering Employers Federation and engineering institutions.


In this paper, we investigate a cross-layer transmit antenna selection (T-AS) approach for multiple-input multiple- output spatial multiplexing (MIMO-SM) systems, that employ decision-feedback detector (DFD), over Ricean flat-fading chan- nels. The selected transmit antennas are those that maximize the link layer throughput of MIMO channels. A closed-form expression for the system throughput with imperfect channel state information (CSI) is derived. Extensive simulation results are provided for the system performance assessment, showing that the cross-layer T-AS scheme always assigns the transmission to the antenna combination which sees better channel conditions, resulting in a substantial improvement over the optimal capacity- based T-AS approach. Our results show that the capacity-based T-AS is more robust to imperfect channel estimation. However, in all cases, the cross-layer T-AS delivers higher throughput gains than the capacity-based T-AS.


The cost-quality model is investigated from multi-objective angle and fuzzy mathematics knowledge is introduced. An optimal robust design method based on experiment design approach and fuzzy mathematics is used to satisfactorily gain global optimal solution and the effectiveness of this method is verified by means of a practice.


In this paper, so as to improve spectral efficiency for cell-boundary users, we introduce a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) system, which is one of inter-cell cooperative transmission strategies studied in 3GPP long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) systems, and develop a system-level simulator to evaluate performance. To identify performance improvement of the system with inter-cell cooperative transmission, we select a 3GPP LTE system as a reference, which shows the highest performance among the existing mobile communication systems, and conduct a performance comparison. System-level simulation is performed based on widely-used OPNET tool. We implement modules including central unit (CU), CoMP eNodeB (CeNB), user equipment (UE), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model, while designing the inter-cell cooperative transmission system. Under WINNER wireless channel model and international telecommunication union (ITU) network model environments, we then evaluate the performance of edge users who belong to the lower 5% in terms of spectral efficiency. It is finally shown that throughput of the proposed CoMP system gets improved up to 2.5 times compared to that of the 3GPP LTE reference system.


This chapter presents an analysis of the slew of measures employed by the Mario Monti government, focusing on their implications for the air transport sector. It examines whether passengers can be defined as a 'necessary component' for the purposes of the business of an air carrier. In view of the severe economic conditions, the government headed by Mario Monti expanded the range of protective measures for the firms in difficulty by approving the 'Decreto Sviluppo' . The government considered it necessary to integrate the old regulatory framework for bankruptcy and in particular, the so-called recovery tools, in order to avoid the bankruptcy of firms in crisis and in an effort to keep them afloat. In particular, regarding claw back actions, the Supreme Court has recognized Italian jurisdiction pursuant to Article 24 of the Bankruptcy Law and Article 20 of the Code of Civil Procedure as the criteria of internal territorial jurisdiction. Keywords: air transport sector; Article 24 of the Bankruptcy Law; Code of Civil Procedure; Decreto Sviluppo ; Mario Monti government; Supreme Court


The bias-derived detector temperature for all three NICMOS cameras showed a variation of about ~2K in both the era before the installation of the NICMOS Cooling System (NCS) 1997-1998, as well as in the post-NCS era, 2002-2008. This temperature variation affected the detector quantum efficiency (DQE) and hence the structure of the flat-fields. In this ISR we discuss the creation of new temperature dependent flat-field reference files that correct for the effect of temperature on the DQE. Temperature dependent flat-fields (*_tdf.fits) populate the keyword TDFFILE in the headers of post-NCS data retrieved after November 19, 2008 and pre-NCS data retrieved after January 23, 2009. The temperature dependent flat-fields are used by the FLATCORR step in calnica version 4.4 and later. For consistency check we also created epoch dependent flatfields for postNCS data and compared them with the temperature dependent flatfields. The result of this analysis is also included here.