To solve the problem of minimum time-to-climb,building a dynamic model of motion in the vertical direction and taking the flight mode as the linear load control.Suggesting an adjacent grid arithmetic based on the mass point motion model of the aircraft,which is used for computing the time consume between two adjacent grids.Then,the minimum time for climbing is gained by the h×Ma grid-searing method.In conclusion,the computer simulation shows that,this method can acquire fast time respond in the designated climb scope,and the optimal trajectory can achieve a designed performance index perfectly.


* Dr Sam Bateman is Senior Fellow in the Maritime Security Programme, Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS), Singapore (email address: email@example.com), and also a Professorial Research Fellow at the Centre for Maritime Policy, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia (email address: email@example.com) A new policy study on Safety and Security in the Malacca and Singapore Straits: An Agenda for Action was released in Singapore on 23 May 2006 by the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS). It is based on a comprehensive analysis of piracy and armed attacks against ships in the Straits over the last ten years conducted by the Maritime Security Programme at IDSS. Using this analysis and an appreciation of other issues and requirements, the new study includes a 21 Point Action Plan.


This paper deals with the problems of projects co-financed by European Union funds (structural funds and the Cohesion fund) in the Czech Republic within the Programming Period 2007 – 2013 from the point of view of the knowledge and use of project management methods within implementation of these projects. The authors aimed to analyse and assess the scope of knowledge and the rate of utilization of project management methods by the solvers of projects co-financed by EU funds in the Programming Period 2007 – 2013 and to evaluate the influence of the project solvers' attitude to project management on the scope of knowledge and the rate of utilization of project management methods. At first, the paper characterizes the basic project management methods, and then it discusses the outcomes of a questionnaire survey focused on the knowledge of the basic project management methods and their utilization within implementation of projects co-financed by EU funds, and that also in view of the project solvers' attitude to the above methods as efficiency improving tools. At the same time, these outcomes are compared with the outcomes of the research performed by Spolecnost pro projektove rizeni, which evaluated the scope of awareness and rate of utilization of the basic project management methods in the Czech Republic. Finally, there are recommendations to the institutional authorities on application within the Programming Period 2014 – 2020.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.28.3.13651


This thesis deals with optimization of SQL queries in Oracle 11gR2 database system. In the theoretical part is performed an information retrieval of the SQL query performance problematic. The practical part is devoted to testing the proposed optimization procedure for selected queries over TOPS application database. In the end of the work is made a proposal of approach applicable in tuition of database subjects on Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics at University of Pardubice.


The materials concerning development of a perspective design of a dumping body of the autotractor trailer supplied put-on sides are presented in the present article, with the folding panels intended for consolidation and transportation of lightweight freights. The proposed technical solution created at the level of the invention, allows to increase operational reliability of a dumping body due to decrease in tension arising in its constructional elements. Analytical researches with development of settlement schemes and method of calculation of a design of a body on static and dynamic durability are conducted, and calculations of power loading of constructional elements the put-on sides of a body of the dumping trailer intended for unpacked transportation of lightweight freights are carried out. Development are recommended, both domestic, and to foreign research and industrial structures in the field of autotractor mechanical engineering for the purpose of their further studying and possible introduction in practice.


International trade dispute settlement today encompasses many modes of operation across several different fora. Given this diversity, it is difficult to say whether there is a clear "2.0" version of trade dispute settlement. While such a label may suggest that the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) is the "1.0," the WTO system is in fact a revision to the prior General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) enforcement arrangement. The state of play today for trade dispute settlement belies any clear label apart from what we might try to use to capture a variegated landscape that is constantly in motion. States continue to experiment with compliance and enforcement tools, such that singular directional statements are insufficient to capture what is happening in practice.


ABSTRACT We explore the growth, scope and impact of the academic literature that has arisen around the concept of innovation ecosystems. We highlight some of the most important definition, the place of innovation policies and the future accomplishments that could be made.


The present study was conducted under ecological conditions of Manisa during the growth seasons of 2010 and 2011 years to determine the leaf and fruit characteristics of Domat, Gemlik and Edremit olive cultivars grown at 1 and 10 km distances from The Soma Thermal Plant. In measurement made in the leaf and the fruit leaf weight of Domat cultivar significantly decreased (P<0.05) in both years with increasing distances. Fruit flesh weight, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width of Edremit cultivar in 2010 and the only fruit length of Domat and Edremit cultivars in 2011 significantly decreased with increasing distances. Conversely, number of fruit in each 100 g of Edremit cultivar in 2010 and of Domat cultivar in 2011 significantly increased (P<0.05). Stone weight, length and width of Edremit cultivar in 2010 and only the stone width of Domat cultivar significantly decreased with increasing distances. Water and oil contents of Domat cultivar significantly increased, but oil content of Gemlik cultivar significantly decreased with increasing distances from the plant.


The filtration rate, oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of Mercenaria mercenaria were measured at 11.5, 22.5, 28.0 and 32.0℃ in lab static systems. The results showed that their physiologic and ecologic values increased with increasing temperature between 11.5 and 22.5℃ showing significant differences. But at 22.5, 28.0 and 32.0℃, no significant difference was shown. The conclusion showed that M. mercenaria has strong ability to adapt high temperature environment, and it is farmable in southeastern coast of China.


Objective: To know the frequency of osteoporosis in men older than 50 years old and its risk factors, in the Juan
Rodriguez Suarez parish of the Libertador Municipality of the Merida State, Venezuela.
Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, randomized study was conducted. Each subject underwent a medical
history, including the test for hypogonadism. Levels of total testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin
(SHBG) were measured, and bone densitometry of the femoral neck and lumbar spine was performed.
Results: Seventy-fi ve men, with an average age of 61.15 ± 7.78 years were studied, the maximum value was
84 years old and the minimum was 50 years. According to the results of bone densitometry: 44% was normal
(Group 1), 42.3% had osteopenia (Group 2) and 13.3% osteoporosis (Group 3). Weight, body mass index (BMI)
and waist circumference were signifi cantly lower in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (p< 0.05 and p< 0.001,
respectively). Smoking, sedentary lifestyle and alcohol consumption were the prevalent risk factors in all the
studied men.
Conclusion: In the group studied, a frequency of 13.3% of osteoporosis and 42.3% of osteopenia was observed.
There was no association with classic risk factors for osteoporosis, except for a lower adiposity among men
affected with osteopenia and osteoporosis. No causes of secondary osteoporosis were observed.


The SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, responsible for COVID‐19, has raised the interest for infection‐associated muco‐cutaneous symptoms. While dermatologic symptoms in general gained an increasing awareness, affection of the nail organ has been mentioned only recently. We provide a narrative review on COVID‐19 manifestation on the nail organ and add symptoms induced by personal protective measures and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. Available treatment options are discussed.


We describe the design and synthesis of ferrocene dimers and trimers bridged by an oligothiophene spacer as both cathodic and anodic multiple redox-active organic–organometallic hybrid molecules. The electrochemical properties of all compounds were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The voltammograms showed different multi-step, multi-electron redox reactions derived from multi-ferrocene fragments and the organic spacer. The results indicate that a number of thiophene rings in the spacer can be attuned to the redox potentials and the electron-transfer processes.


The development of higher Vocational technological education is facing a new opportunity with some serious hindrances at present. This paper points out some strategies and some rational thoughts to improve the quality of higher VT education in this new century.


This paper is concerned with phase decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution in a two‐dimensional system. We have investigated the behavior of numerical solutions to the Cahn equation including an elastic strain energy term in such a way as to follow the time evolution of composition modulation by computer. It is found that in our numerical experiment the introduction of the elastic strain energy gives no anisotropic effect on the crystallographic direction of the composition modulation, but leads to the decrease in the decomposition rate and quantity at the equilibrium state. Again, it is demonstrated that for a high solute alloy system inside the spinodal region a large circular precipitate is formed at the center of the flat matrix through a very complicated process accompanied with the aggregation and annihilation of particles. The results so obtained are discussed from a numerical point of view.


Abstract: Despite the global importance of microbial methane production, knowledge of themethanogensinvolvedandrelatedanaerobicmethane-oxidizingEuryarchaea (ANME)isquitelimited. This includes the controls on methane production and consumption, which deter-mines the atmospheric concentration of methane, which is an important greenhouse gasinvolved in climate change. This situation, in part, reflects the difficulty of culturing andstudying these fastidious anaerobes. Here, we describe a range of cultivation and cultivationindependentapproachesthatwehaveusedtostudymethanogens,methanogenesis,andrelatedprocesses in marine sediments, which contain globally significant methane concentrations. 1 Introduction Global methane production in marine sediments is very significant, between 75 and 320 Tgyear 1 (Valentine, 2002), and these sediments also contain the largest global reservoir ofmethane (Kvenvolden, 1988). Most methane in marine sediments is biogenically producedby archaeal methanogens, which are phylogenetically diverse, spanning five orders of thephylum Euryarchaeota. Surprisingly, however, we know relatively little about marine methano-gens. Less than 10% of all cultured methanogens species come from marine sediments(11 species). Most of these do not closely match environmental DNA sequences from marinesediments(e.g.,Newberryetal.,2004).Thispartlyreflectsthegeneralprobleminenvironmen-talmicrobiologyofculturingprokaryotesrepresentativeoftheenvironmentduetolimitationsofmedia,growthconditions,prokaryotesobligatorygrowinginmixedculture,etc.However,italso reflects severe under-sampling of marine sediments for cultivation, and new isolates arebeingfoundfrompreviouslyunexploredorlittlestudiedmarinesedimentsevenusingstandardmedia and conditions (e.g., Methanococcus aeolicus, from Nankai Trough deep gas hydratecontaining sediments and marine sediments of the Lipari Islands, near Sicily (Kendall et al.,2006), Methanoculleus submarinus also from Nankai Trough sediments (Mikucki et al., 2003),''Methanogeniumboonei''fromcoldmarinesedimentsSkanBay,Alaska(Kendalletal.,2007)).Also, much less is known about microbial methane turnover in marine sediments com-paredtootherenvironments,suchas,freshwaterorterrestrialhabitats(Kru¨geretal.,2005).Itisclearthatifwearetounderstandanimportantpartoftheglobalcarboncycle,whichispotentiallyextremely sensitive to climate change, and at the same time increase our knowledge of thebiodiversity and physiology of an important group of marine prokaryotes, then we need tosubstantially improve our knowledge of marine methanogenesis, and associated prokaryotes,whichcontrolmethaneproductionandfluxinmarinesediments.Wedescribeinthischaptertherangeofapproachesthatwehaveused,andarecurrentlyusing,toinvestigatemethanogenesisinmarine sediments (e.g., Banning et al., 2005; Parkes et al., 2005, 2007; Webster et al., 2009).


A system of equivalent current"carrying busbars can serve as a source of the radial and tangential fields produced by the permanent magnets used in an electrical machine; the thickness of such busbars depends on the magnet material. A procedure is proposed using which the leakage field in the interface zone of opposite"pole magnets can be calculated.


In continuation to our previous work, the current investigation focuses on the effect of static applied pressure on the electrical and dielectric properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–polystyrene (PS)/2,3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (β-HNA) nanocomposites. Additionally, optical properties of the nanocomposites are also investigated together with other further electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties. Adding fixed amount of β-HNA (1.0 wt%) to MWCNTs enhances the MWCNT dispersion, reduces the percolation threshold to about 0.8 wt%, and increases the electrical conductivity up to eight orders of magnitude. The direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electrical properties of 1.0 wt% MWCNT–PS composites are investigated as a function of applied pressure. It is found that the current level increases while impedance values decrease with applied pressure during the cycle and the loading–unloading cycle has almost followed the same route indicating its reproducibility. Also the obtained results demonstrate that such a composite might act as pressure-sensitive conductive composite. Mechanical results show that the addition of MWCNTs (treated with β-HNA) to the neat PS increases the tensile strength and yield stress of the neat PS by about 12.39% and 12.53%, respectively, while the elastic modulus decreases by about 3.10%. However, further addition of MWCNTs decreases all mechanical parameters of prepared composites and these composites became more brittle. Besides, optical results indicate an enhancement in the neat polymer ultraviolet and visible absorption and a reduction in its optical energy gap (by about 14.1%) upon addition of 1.0 wt% MWCNTs (treated with β-HNA).


Payroll accounting system is designed to handle employee salary transactions along with their payments. BMT Usaha Mandiri Sejahtera is a newly established institution and experienced an increase in the number of employees in each month, so it takes the management of a good payroll accounting system. The conclusions that can be drawn from the research include Section or related functions of the employment department, the payroll maker, and so forth. Documents used attendance attendance cards, payroll lists, and so on. Accounting records are general ledger and employee income cards. Reports generated report payroll, employee evidence and salary payments. Networking procedures are present time registration procedures, payroll and payroll. Internal control system in BMT Mandiri Sejahtera business is considered still not good. There are several employees who concurrently share some parts. The flow chart used by BMT Usaha Mandiri Sejahtera is in accordance with Mulyadi's theory. Suggestions that can be given based on these conclusions are payroll with payroll in bank, financial transactions are done in the form of outgoing cash book and cash book entry and improve authorization system for addition of personnel so that no function generating recording. This is to facilitate in checking and examining the correctness of payroll accounting system in BMT Usaha Mandiri Sejahtera.


This thesis commences with a general review of pre-chartist democratic sentiment in Great Britain followed by a brief study of Chartism's ideology and motivation. It then examines the various aspects of the democratization of the British political system between the years 1850 and 1900. Certain chapters are devoted to key time-spans, notably 1885 and 1867-1868, while others consider particular aspects of electoral practice, including the ballot and women's suffrage. Other chapters consider the Reform movement prior to 1867, the distribution of parliamentary constituencies, the House of Lords and other, less prominent, issues. The thesis addressed events on the national stage, and the opinions of national political figures, but equal weight is accorded to, and" where possible a comparison attempted with, local political opinion. The latter has been sampled essentially via the local press but, as well as local newspaper editorials, the thesis also extensively quotes the opinions of locally-elected MPs, local political figures and local Reform activists. The two localities studied were selected to provide a comparison in themselves. Hence, as well as national against local and Liberal against Conservative, opinion in rural Tory-dominated Cambridgeshire is compared with that of industrial and overwhelmingly Liberal County Durham. The thesis concludes with an overall review and a short survey of the changing national and local attitudes to "democracy" as such.


Background: Increasing coronary perfusion pressure by using a vasopressor is one of the important treatment strategies in pulmonary hypertension. In present study, we evaluated whether chronic pulmonary hypertension influences the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on right ventricular function and hemodynamic variables in patients with valvular heart disease. Methods: Forty eight patients undergoing valve replacement surgery were divided into two groups according to pulmonary artery pressure, i.e., a control (n = 28) and a pulmonary hypertension group (n = 20). A thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter for continuous monitoring of cardiac output, right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction and RV volume was inserted before the induction of anesthesia. When systemic hypotension occurred following induction of anesthesia, norepinephrine was infused at rates of 0.03 and then 0.06/kg/min for 10 minutes, respectively and hemodynamic variables were measured after anesthesia induction, and at the end point of each infusion rate. Results: No significant differences occurred in systemic or pulmonary hemodynamic variables according to the infusion of norepinephrine between the two groups. And, no significant changes were observed in right ventricular performance according to the infusion of norepinephrine in two groups. Conclusions: Norepinephrine did not show different systemic or pulmonary hemodynamic effects in patients with or without chronic pulmonary hypertension. Norepinephrine did not increase the right ventricular ejection fractions or cardiac outputs of patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension.


Objective To explore the effect of shRNA targeted to multidrug resistance gene 1(MDR1)by RNA interference(RNAi)on drug resistance of doxorubicin-resistant human leukemia cell line K562/ADM.Methods The RNAi plasmid of pENTRTM/U6-MDR1,targeting to human MDR1 gene,was transfected into doxorubicin-resistant human leukemia cell line K562/ADM and parental cell line K562.After 48h transfection,MDR1mRNA level was determined by real time RT-PCR.The expression and function of P-gp protein was analyzed by flow cytometry.Drug resistance of cells was detected by MTT assay.Results Compared with non-transfected cells,MDR1mRNA and expression levels and function of P-gp protein in cells of pENTRTM/U6-MDR1 group decreased significantly(P0.05).The resistance on doxorubicin was decreased drmatically(P0.05).Conclusion The resistance on doxorubicin of human doxorubicin-resistant leukemia cells was reversed by MDR1 gene down-regulating.


The magic rewriting focuses on relevant data but suffers from additional rules, predicates, and tuples that are generated in search for the relevant data. Reducing the arity of predicates can cut down the number of such rules, predicates, and tuples by an exponential factor. In this paper, we consider a subclass of linear single-IDB programs and show that the magic rewriting can be decomposed in such a way that it is applied to only programs having smaller arities and fewer recursive rules, without losing the binding capacity. The decomposed rewriting is shown to be much more efficient than the standard one and amenable to distributed and parallel environments. The considered subclass significantly generalizes recursions previously proposed for efficient implementation. The decomposed rewriting and the standard generalized magic rewriting are extended to multi-binding queries in such a way that data relevant to one binding is not necessarily considered as relevant to other bindings. The work in this paper shows the use of tuple ID as an important technique in optimizing logic programs.


At present, there are some different recognitions and contrary opinions on the attribution of branch of knowledge, existed form, research domain and research content in clinical Chinese drug science. These problems have affected the construction and development of the science in a certain degree. One of the important problems in the development and construction of clinical Chinese drug science is insisting on integrating medicine and drug, TCM and TCD, traditional study and modern study, clinical research and experimental research in order to achieve a end point where the old medicine is used in new curative therapy, common drug is used particularly, curative effect and dosage has been optimized and the safety of medicine has been enhanced. We have discussed in this article the attribution, task and characteristic, foundation, main study domain, research content and existed form, developmental direction and pathway, knowledge and ability of talents, scientific system and its relationship to other branches of Chinese drugs. It has been indicated that constructing and using well the clinical research base is the work, requiring strengthened presently in the construction and development of the branch of knowledge of the clinical Chinese drug science simultaneously with building well a special laboratory and carrying out the investigation of literature theory.


A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric(LC-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of albendazole and its metabolites including albendazole sulfone,albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole-2-aminosulfone in meat.Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned by liquid-liquid extraction.The separation of analytes was performed on an XDB-C18 column with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase.The external standard calibration curve was used for quantification.The LOD of albendazole and its metabolites was 0.010 mg/kg.A good linear relationship between peak area and concentration in the range of 0.010-0.050 mg/kg for albendazole and its metabolites was achieved with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.99.The spiked recovery rates and relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 82.3%-97.6% and 4.9%-12.9%,respectively.The method was simple,fast,accurate,convenient,and applicable for qualitative and quantitative determination of albendazole and its metabolites.


The Leonardo da Vinci International Airport (FCO) at Fumicino near Rome has grown significantly over the past ten years and this is expected to continue. FCO is well located to serve as a terminus and as a transfer point for flights to and from the Mediterranean, Europe, the Near East, and Africa. The airport, like its aviation markets, is expected to change dramatically, creating a major challenge to master planning and to design responses for the future terminal facilities and their connecting APM systems. Shuttle and pinched loop APM systems were investigated in a Master Plan APM concept validation study. Both offer high levels of service. The shuttle configuration does not meet capacity given station length constraints. The pinched loop solves this, but increases complexity and costs. Both have maintenance facility location and size issues: the shuttle takes considerable space within the new satellite terminals and the pinched loop needs a separate location and additional guideway.


This study aims to observe the growth pattern of Staphylococcus aureus on BAP media O, AB and sheep blood types as control. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of using human blood groups O and AB as important compounds in the manufacture of sheep BAP as a substitute for blood media. In this experiment, Blood Agar Plate (BAP) was tested using sheep blood as a substitute medium for human blood, which is used to identify and isolate the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. The growth pattern of Staphylococcus aureus was observed macroscopically against colony morphology, the number of colonies, and the diameter of the hemolysis zone. Suspension of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) using pure culture synchronized with McFarland's 0.5 Standard solutions. The depletion is then carried out 10. Suspension of bacteria that have undergone depletion is planted in BAP media O, AB and sheep blood groups are filled in each of the 9 Petri dishes. The results of observations are known colony morphology, some colonies, and hemolysis zone diameters and statistical tests using the Kruskal Wallis test values obtained by Asymp. Sig of 0.352 for the number of colonies and the diameter of the hemolysis zone is greater than α (0.05), which means there is no significant difference between the growth patterns of Staphylococcus aureus on BAP media using human blood groups O, AB and sheep blood as BAP media control.


In the space of thirty years the aerospace industry has grown from a loose collection of airframe and engine manufacturers with a tenuous hold on an uncertain military aircraft market to one of the dominant forces in the economy. By aerospace industry, I mean those firms who supply weapons, space systems, and equipment to the D)epartment of Defense (DOD), but much of what follows can be applied to those doing business with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and, to a lesser degree, the Atomic Energy Commission. To understand the proliferatioin of vehicles used to convey economic benefits, advantages and privileges from DOD to the aerospace industry and the peculiar directions public policy is taking, it is helpful to know something about the government's relationship with this sector of the economy and to see the reality of the military contract system. In a concluding section, I will discuss the emergence of aerospace welfarism, make some recommendationis for change, and suggest areas requiring further research.


In the paper it will be shown that generating functions of hyper Bessel functions due to Humbert and Delerue can be extended to a new class of generating relations for generalized Mittag-Leffler's functions. A number of new and known double and multiple generating functions involving the product of classical polynomials and functions are considered as special cases.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a driver program of a printer capable of appropriately executing a real time command without causing erroneous operation thereof even when compressing print data and transmitting the print data compressed to the printer, and the like.SOLUTION: A driver program is loaded to a host computer capable of being connected to a printer, and can generate a first command executed in a reception order in the printer and a second command executed in priority to the first command. When the driver program executing generation of print data including the first command and transmission of the print data to the printer generates the print data, the driver program causes the host computer to execute compression processing for bringing data of the first command included in the print data into compressed data not including the same data string as that of the second command.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2


This paper details the design of a 1,200 V class trench gate field stop IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) with a nano gate structure smaller than 1 um. Decreasing the size is important for lowering the cost and increasing the efficiency of power devices because they are high-voltage switching devices, unlike memory devices. Therefore, in this paper, we used a 2-D device and process simulations to maintain a gate width of less than 1 um, and carried out experiments to determine design and process parameters to optimize the core electrical characteristics, such as breakdown voltage and on-state voltage drop. As a result of these experiments, we obtained a wafer resistivity of 45 Ω·cm, a drift layer depth of more than 180 um, an N+ buffer resistivity of 0.08, and an N+ buffer thickness of 0.5 um, which are important for maintaining 1,200 V class IGBTs. Specially, it is more important to optimize the resistivity of the wafer than the depth of the drift layer to maintain a high breakdown voltage for these devices.


SUMMARY This paper compares the difference of HEPA/ULPA filter test standards between America and Europe from test procedures, aerosol types and its size, to air filter classification. Both of them adopt MPPS method as their trend. According to EN1822, it is recommended to combine the test rigs for efficiency test and leakage test in practice. Influence of different scanning velocity on sampling accuracy, leakage and efficiency test accuracy need further studied and reasonable scanning velocity should be fixed. According to Rongyi Zhao's theoretical analysis, dilution method to test high test aerosol concentration may not be correct, and reasonable test methods instead of dilution need to be further studied.


Hawthorn and tremella fuciformis are as materials to produce compound beverage,the optimum technological parameters are determined by comparative test and orthogonal test,hawthorn takes the percenage of 0.6%,tremella fuciformis 0.8%,composite stabilizer amount 0.57%,thereinto,agar 0.09%,acid-resistant CMC 0.15%,pectin 0.18%,xanthan gum 0.15%.


Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) detect very high-energy gamma rays from ground level by capturing the Cherenkov light of the induced particle showers. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be trained on IACT camera images of such events to differentiate the signal from the background and to reconstruct the energy of the initial gamma ray. Pattern spectra provide a 2-dimensional histogram of the sizes and shapes of features comprising an image and they can be used as an input for a CNN to significantly reduce the computational power required to train it. In this work, we generate pattern spectra from simulated gamma-ray and proton images to train a CNN for signal-background separation and energy reconstruction for the Small-Sized Telescopes (SSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). A comparison of our results with a CNN directly trained on CTA images shows that the pattern spectra-based analysis is about a factor of three less computationally expensive but not able to compete with the performance of the CTA images-based analysis. Thus, we conclude that the CTA images must be comprised of additional information not represented by the pattern spectra.


To obtain solar energy from solar photovoltaic panels is not a new task now a days. Solar panels are designed to give their maximum possible output when exposed to the solar radiations. The operating conditions of solar panels affected by the atmospheric conditions like dust, dirt, solar INSOLATION, temperature etc. Here the effect of cement and bird deposits on the surface of solar panels is considered. Temperature rise due to cement and bird deposits develop hot-spots and affects the electrical power output of the solar panel. The cement and bird deposits can be seen by visually on solar panel surface but their effect can not be visualized by naked eye. The infrared THERMOGRAPHY helps to analyze these effects by using thermal imaging camera. This paper focus to study the temperature effects of cement and bird deposition on solar panel surface by capturing thermal images along with analyzing the thermal images using MATLAB digital image processing for better understanding. Image segmentation for cement and bird deposits is performed using watershed transform to achieve the desired region of interest from thermal images.


The 2016 edition of the International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion (DSAI)4 - commemorates the 10th anniversary of the conference. Over the last decade, DSAI has been a forum where researchers, from all around the world, share the advances in the domain of assistive technologies and software development for people with special needs.


A systematic study of recent developments in preferences based on fuzzy logic is carried out in order to identify an effective design for fuzzy preference models in conflict resolution. Fuzzy preference, defined via a fuzzy relation over the alternatives or states, attempts to represent a decision maker's preferences more realistically. It generalizes the usual preference structures in the sense that it provides a uniform description of both certain (crisp) and uncertain preferences. The potential applicability of fuzzy preferences to the modeling, analysis, and understanding of strategic conflicts is investigated and connected to a literature survey.


The study was carried out in Gir cattle and Jaffarabadi buffaloes from different age groups that are from birth to mature animal of both sexes of various physiological stages were used for the study which were reared and maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat and various parameters was estimated in Department of Physiology and Biochemistry.A total of 8 ml of blood was collected aseptically through the jugular vein from the animals and were centrifuged to separate clear plasma. Plasma aliquots were stored in different vials at -20 oC for the estimation of various mineral and electrolyte parameters. The levels observed and the detailed comparison of trace minerals (Copper, Iron, Zinc, Manganese and Chromium) and electrolyte parameters (Bicarbonate, Chloride and Osmolality) of both the sexes between Gir cattle and Jaffarabadi buffaloes recorded in this study may serve as baseline data and reference point for further studies in these species and will help in planning for the improvement of reproductive and productive performance of these animals.


Sir, We read with great interest the article titled 'Clemizole and modulators of serotonin signalling suppress seizures in Dravet syndrome' (Griffin et al., 2017). In their study, the authors report the antiepileptic activity of clemizole in zebrafish scn1 mutants, reconfirming the pharmacological potential of the compound identified in a previously published screen (Baraban et al., 2013). The scn1 mutant fish were obtained by the group of Prof. H. Baier through an ENU-mutagenesis screen, and contain a mutation that disrupts the voltage-gated sodium channel scn1Lab (Nav1.lb) (Schoonheim et al., 2010). The mutants exhibit epilepsylike behaviour and respond to treatment as typically observed in patients with Dravet syndrome (Baraban et al., 2013). Hence, the scn1 mutant model and its morphant antisense equivalent have been used to find potential new leads in the fight against Dravet syndrome (Baraban et al., 2013; Dinday and Baraban, 2015; Zhang et al., 2015; Sourbron et al., 2016). In their paper, the authors touch upon the difference in procedures used to test for antiepileptic compounds, and claim that the methodology used by our group was not validated for the identification of possible treatments for Dravet syndrome. We strongly disagree with this assertion. For drug discovery purposes, we typically immerse larvae in low micromolar concentrations for 22 h, whereas the Baraban group uses higher concentrations in combination with short incubations (typically 30 min). Using our procedure, we have clearly demonstrated that fenfluramine significantly decreased epileptiform activity in the scn1 mutant zebrafish (Sourbron et al., 2016). As fenfluramine has shown effectiveness in patients with Dravet syndrome in an ongoing 27-year observational study in Belgium (Ceulemans et al., 2012; and reviewed in Bialer et al., 2017), we assert that our approach is scientifically sound, and represents a validated testing platform for the discovery of therapeutics in the field of Dravet research. Significantly, using the same model it was shown that fenfluramine is also active after short incubations at 10fold higher concentrations (Dinday and Baraban, 2015). Obviously, the concentration level used to incubate the zebrafish larvae determines the time period needed to reach active concentrations in their organs and tissues. This may be predicted from Fick's first diffusion law that simply states that molecules move from high to low concentrations, with a speed proportional to the concentration gradient. Of further interest, during a compound library screening the authors identified lorcaserin as a compound that exerts an inhibitory activity on the abnormal behavioural and electrographic seizure activity of the mutants. In fact, this activity of lorcaserin had already been discovered by our group using similar assays (Sourbron et al., 2016), once more demonstrating that short or long incubations of larvae with test compounds do not make any substantial difference in outcome. Actually, in our previous work we provide strong experimental evidence that selective modulation of specific serotonergic receptors (e.g. 5-HT1D, 5-HT2c, 5-HT2A) effectively reduce seizures in the Scn1Lab mutant zebrafish larvae (Sourbron et al., 2016). In that paper we further concluded that the findings open up new possibilities in the search for effective drugs to treat doi:10.1093/brain/awx090 BRAIN 2017: 140; 1–2 | e35


Research results of management and planning problems show that in real statement these problems are multi-criterion. For effective solution to these problems it is necessary to construct multi-criterion mathematical model and then it is necessary to optimize it, beforehand selecting the most appropriate method for this purpose. Proposed approach for multi criteria discrete optimization problems is based on the concepts of measurement standards and distances. With the help of this method the multi-criterion discrete optimization problem solution is considered.


These closing lines of King Lear can be read as Ingmar Bergman's comment on the state of the world today and on the play itself, which he staged for the first time at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm last spring.


: The value of travel time is a key component in evaluating the potential impacts of projects aimed at improving the transportation system. In particular, the evaluation of the feasibility of projects such as toll roads is often premised on the assumed benefits that drivers perceive from saving travel time and their willingness to pay for such benefits. In Trinidad and Tobago there is no historical information which could inform valuation. This study utilized stated preference methods to determine the local value of travel time. A questionnaire was developed that incorporated a stated preference survey involving binary choices between faster, expensive travel options and slower, cheaper ones and also captured socio – economic data and work trip characteristics of the respondents. It was administered using convenience sampling via the Whatsapp mobile messaging app. To develop the survey, a preliminary estimate of value of travel time was made based on both national Gross Domestic Product and average income data. A binary logistic regression model was developed utilizing the maximum likelihood method to determine the parameters of travel time and travel cost. Based on the analysis, the overall value of travel time estimate obtained was found to be 71% of the income wage rate and 48% of the wage rate calculated using Gross Domestic Product. The GDP base rate is consistent with estimates from other jurisdictions. The findings of this study indicate the estimation of the VOT for commuters locally. This was done using an online stated preference survey of 462 commuters. The wage rate was estimated using average income and GDP data for the country so as to be used as a baseline to develop the stated preference survey questionnaire. The survey was structured such that it enabled the use of a binary logistic regression model which was then developed to represent the data collected. Using least likelihood methods, the parameters and coefficients of the model were determined and used to calculate VOT. The analysis shows that VOT estimation was TT$24.74 which was deemed reasonable given its ratio to the national wage rate.


This paper proposes a centralized kitchen whose features are made to apply the oneway progression principle, in order to optimize the processing flow. Moreover, the importance of HACCP system is highlighted within the school-meal and its inclusion in the tender is here suggested.


In this paper, the characteristics of the viscoelastics dampers and the five commonly-used analytic models on viscoelastic dampers are discussed. A new model—the equivalent standard solid model is proposed which embodies the temperature and frequency effects. A numerical example is provided to validate the new model.


A novel mechanical model for the punching failure at interior columns of flat slabs without shear reinforcement is presented. It is based on fundamental structural mechanics and the stress-strain relation of compressed concrete. The shear force is assumed to be transferred to the column by an inclined circumferential compression strut that squeezes the concrete within the column perimeter, and when the compression stress in this area approaches the yield level, an increasing part of the squeezing pressure is anchored back to the surrounding concrete. Ultimately, the compression zone outside the column is assumed to collapse due to the generation of radial tension strain. Validation against test results in the literature demonstrates that the proposed model can accurately predict the punching capacity and the concurrent ultimate slab rotation. Both concentric and eccentric punching can therefore be analyzed.


The barrier to rotation in ethane (see picture) is considered a prototypical case of steric hindrance. This view has been recently contradicted, and hyperconjugation has been put forward as the right explanation. The authors argue that there is no reason to abandon the steric repulsion explanation, and discuss why different electronic structure analyses yield different views.


Abstract Self-designed electrokinetic setups were constructed to examine the differences in electromigration and electroosmotic rates in both sand and clay. Two dyes were analyzed separately to mea...


Yield and agronomic characteristics of seven Icatu coffee progenies were evaluated in a field trial and on three plots specially planted for individual plant selection. The Icatu progenies were compared to other coffee progenies having genes of resistance to Hemileia vastatrix. Susceptible "Catuai-Vermelho" CH 2077-2-5-99 was used as control, without any chemical treatment against leaf rust fungus. The CH 4782-16 Icatu progeny besides being vigorous revealed to be high yielding and to have other favorable characteristics such as low percentage of empty fruit loculus and resistance to leaf rust. Individual coffee plants of this progeny were selected for further improvement of Icatu coffee.


Complex formation and liquid-liquid extraction were studied in a system containing cobalt(II), 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), 1,4-diphenyl-3-(phenylamino)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (Nitron, Nt), water, and chloroform. The effect of some experimental parameters (pH, shaking time, concentration of PAR, and concentration of Nt) was systematically investigated, and the optimum conditions for cobalt extraction as an ion-association complex, (NtH


Abstract Local models are schemes, defined in terms of linear-algebraic moduli problems, which are used to model the étale-local structure of integral models of certain $p$ -adic PEL Shimura varieties defined by Rapoport and Zink. In the case of a unitary similitude group whose localization at ${ \mathbb{Q} }_{p} $ is ramified, quasi-split $G{U}_{n} $ , Pappas has observed that the original local models are typically not flat, and he and Rapoport have introduced new conditions to the original moduli problem which they conjecture to yield a flat scheme. In a previous paper, we proved that their new local models are topologically flat when $n$ is odd. In the present paper, we prove topological flatness when $n$ is even. Along the way, we characterize the $\mu $ -admissible set for certain cocharacters $\mu $ in types $B$ and $D$ , and we show that for these cocharacters admissibility can be characterized in a vertexwise way, confirming a conjecture of Pappas and Rapoport.


Through introducing composite-similarity degree method and image recognition technology,a correcting system for engineering drawing exercises with computer is implemented.The basic principle is to compare the input drawing with a large number of standard drawings stored in computer in advance and then to export the result after confirming the input one keeping the same with one standard's.The system is developed in Visual Basic 6.0 and AutoCAD 2005 environment and has a good effect.


The Global Positioning System (GPS) depends on several key space technologies for its existence and future applications. This paper discusses the roles of several technologies, with particular emphasis on atomic frequency standards, in maintaining GPS. The operational requirements of space systems impose constraints that often differ from those encountered in other commercial or military systems. Those constraints create both concerns and opportunities in supporting the research and industrial bases.


Contents: The concept of world in Husserl's philosophy - Husserl's concept of life-world and its relation to his concept of world - Outline for a critic of Husserl's notion of world - Attempt at an ultimate philosophical justification of the real world.


The objective of this research is to analyze whether the Brazilian state has had any initiatives to regulate artificial intelligence in a way that promotes sustainable development. It is based on the need for this regulation in light of the precautionary in order to avoid irreversible damage, as in the case of the use of artificial intelligence in robotic cars or in health care, in the replacement of administrative or judicial decisions that involve value analysis by automated and exegetical decisions, as well as because of the democratic damages resulting from interference in elections. Moreover, considering that what most suffocates innovations is not their regulation, but rather, the absence of a coordinated and vigorous national state entrepreneurship, it is also verified whether there are no initiatives in the country to promote the use of artificial intelligence in the market or by the government. The methodology used is a bibliographic review and comparison of the regulatory and development initiatives established in other countries. The central hypothesis is that despite sparse initiatives, artificial intelligence has not been a priority in the Brazilian State, whether seen as a regulatory State or as an entrepreneurial State.


Open Archives Forum is a forum for exchange of experience about all aspects of an Open Archive approach including workshops, dissimination (spread information, create interest within new communities), organisational Validation (explore Business Models, issues of Ownership) and technical Validation (deployment of OAI technical framework, create an information space on projects, software, implementations, services and interoperability issues)


The gene Zscan4 showing a specific expression 2-cell stage and embryonic stem cells of the embryo, are described herein. Zscan4 and identification of nine genes are co-expressed also described. Inhibition of Zscan4 expression inhibits the transition from 2-cell embryos into 4-cell embryo, to prevent implantation of the blastocyst, expanded, and the outgrowth. Method of inhibiting the differentiation of stem cells, a method of promoting blastocyst outgrowth of embryonic stem cells, and a method for identifying a subpopulation of stem cells expressing Zscan4, provided herein. Further describes the identification of Trim43 as a gene showing the morula-specific expression. Also includes Zscan4 promoter or Trim43 promoter operably linked to a heterologous polypeptide, an isolated expression vector, and use thereof are also provided. Further provides transgenic animals comprising a transgene encoding an operably linked marker protein Zscan4 promoter and Trim43 promoter.


The analogue technique of making bead lines for a metal superstructure framework for the maxillary implant-supported overdenture (MISO) is created by scribing shallow grooves on the surface of a definitive gypsum cast. This digital technique describes the usage of CAD-CAM technology to make dental bead lines on an intraoral impression without using the gypsum cast. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Via variational methods, we study multiplicity of solutions for the problem where a simple example for g(x, u) is |u|p-2u; here a, λ are real parameters, 1 0, and a total of five nontrivial solutions are obtained when λ is small and a ≥ λ1. Note that this type of results are valid even in the critical case.


defending the German nation and its liberty against a universal monarchy that now seemed to be a strong possibility. After 1648, it was imperial law that 'religion could not serve as ground to exclude people from corporations, guilds, societies, inheritance, hospitals or burial. Dissenters were allowed to send their children to schools in the neighbouring territories' (140). These rights did not apply in northern Italy or in the United Provinces, or even in Bohemia; they were only valid in Germany. Compared with the strictly limited toleration in England, Spain, or France, they did indeed represent something like a 'special path' because of the cultural networks which tried to bridge the gap between Catholic and Protestant in protecting the German nation and its liberty (153–5). In the same context, we notice what is called the juridification of German politics (175), which created a legal framework – even tenants went to the imperial aulic or the cameral court – and averted many rebellions and perhaps even a revolution. The wars against Louis XIV necessitated numerous reforms in order to enable an effective defence of the Empire without giving too much power to the Emperor, because the princes feared, as it was claimed by 'neo-Roman theory', that he would make them subjects (170–5). Nevertheless, in the eighteenth century nearly all princes and even counts tried to establish absolutist regimes in their territories, 'insisting the emperor adhere to agreed limits, but [they] rejected these arguments when dealing with their own Estates' (211). The enlightened princes understood their rule as a public duty to protect the subjects and their liberty, foster their welfare, and defend order. Absolutism too was seen as a disciplining process (264). In the German system of checks and balances, the Emperor and imperial estates prevented despotism, for the princes had to observe imperial laws. Yet, the traditional constitutional balance could no longer function against powerful princes such as the King of Prussia, who withdrew from the imperial war with France in 1795 by means of the separate peace of Basle (the beginning of the end of the Reich). Wilson offers the English-speaking world an extremely useful introduction to the new perspectives on early modern German history. He includes numerous features that will make the book useful to students and scholars alike: many tables; a glossary; an appendix with lists of the major rulers, the circles and their territories, the imperial cities and the ecclesiastical territories; a guide to further reading; and an index of 30 pages. In contrast to the older historiography on Germany before 1800, this book shows that the German 'special path' was not so far apart from the other national paths in European history.


Brazilin-type natural products were isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan, a famous traditional Chi- nese medicine. These compounds have stimulated a great deal of interest on synthetic chemists due to their structural novelty and promising biological activities. Up to now, many methods towards the synthesis of these natural products have been de- veloped. Progress on the synthesis of Brazilin-type natural products are reviewed in this paper. Keywords brazilin; brazilide A; brazilein; synthesis


We are indebted to the Brazilian agencies CNPq and FAPERGS for the partial support of this research project. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. One of the authors (F.M.) acknowledges the Brazilian fellowship from CNPq. F.M. and N.E.K. acknowledge financial support by the Departamento de Educacion, Universidades e Investigacion, the University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU (Grant No. IT-756-13) and the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grants No. FIS2013-48286-C02-02-P and No. FIS2016-76471-P).


The transfer pricing mechanism is a tool commonly used to transfer the tax base from countries with high taxation in countries with low taxation. In the European Union, this financial operations generate significant tax revenue losses. In an attempt to limit the handling of corporate tax systems, many public authorities have introduced regulations on transfer pricing, but the effectiveness of these rules has proved limited, and they contributed to the increasing complexity of tax laws and to the appearance of additional costs for companies. A solution to the solving of the transfer pricing problem in the European Union is represented by the introduction of the common consolidated corporate tax base.


A time division duplex (TDD) configuration method of a terminal in a communications system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of receiving a first TDD configuration from a base station; a step of receiving a message including dynamic TDD configuration information from the base station; a step of receiving a second TDD configuration according to the received dynamic TDD configuration information; a step of receiving an uplink grant from the base station; and a step of determining the application of the first TDD configuration or the second TDD configuration based on the receiving method of the uplink grant. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the setting of short period of TDD is possible when the TDD configuration is set to a terminal which supports TDD in a wireless communications system, and variably rapid setting of the TDD to the terminal is possible according to the communications situation.


Reasoning about the driver intent is fundamental both to advanced driver assistance systems as well as to highly automated driving. In contrast to the vast majority of preceding work, we investigate an architecture that can deal with arbitrary combinations of subsequent maneuvers as well as a varying set of available features. Detailed parametric models are given for the indicator, velocity and gaze direction features, all of which are parametrized from the results of extensive user studies. Evaluation is carried out for continuous right-turn prediction on a separate data set. Assuming conditional independence between the individual feature likelihoods, we investigate the contribution of each feature to the overall classification result separately. In particular, the approach is shown to work well even when faced with implausible observations of the indicator feature.


On the basis of studying the development of higher education run by the local people in Shaanxi Province, this paper points out that the appearance of the phenomenon is the result of the integration of factors such as Shaanxi's specific economic situation, policy environment and cultural resources, etc. Without any of the factors, it will be difficult to explain the interior mechanism and its causes.


This symposium adds to an already substantial amount of selfexamination to which legal scholarship has subjected itself of late. Though as we all know persistent efforts at self-awareness are not always the signs of spiritual soundness, such efforts have their undeniable payoffs. For our present purposes they provide us with a store of existing articulations regarding legal scholars' self-understanding. One feature of legal scholarship that the existing literature establishes beyond dispute is heterogeneity. Legal scholars are doing very different things both in terms of the methodologies they use and the goals they seek to accomplish. Consequently, generalizing about legal scholarship is bound to ignore important distinctions and is likely to be vacuous. To avoid these dangers I will refrain from examining "legal scholarship" as such, but will focus instead on what I take to be one significant branch of it. Indeed the branch has grown in size and importance to the point were it by now deserves a name of its own. I propose to call it "substantive legal theory," and in Part I I describe the kind of scholarship that i mean to label. This form of scholarship raises, more starkly than other familiar forms of legal scholarship do, the question of its relationship to the practice of law. I analyze the problem in Part II by contrasting the discourse of practitioners and judges on the one hand with that of substantive theorists on the other. This discursive contrast argues against the view of legal theory as addressing practitioners and decisionmakers with the ambition of advising them how to act. But if so, whom does substantive legal theory address and to what end? I take up these questions in Part III. I try to show that by clarifying the concept of an "audience" we are able to articulate an educational mission for substantive legal theory that does not depend on maintaining unity of discourse with practitioners and that does not presume to instruct decisionmakers as to what they should do.


Secondary metabolites produced by plants can be used in popular medicine, as well they can interact with plants and other organisms, in which case they are called allelochemicals and influence the neighboring ecosystem. This work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Schinus molle L. species widely used in reforestation and urban afforestation. Therefore, leaves of S. Molle were collected from different populations located at Alfenas and Nepomuceno in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cypselae of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were germinated in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chamber at 25 °C with a photoperiod of 12 h under different extracts concentrations. The experiment was performed in factorial design (2 × 4) with two kinds of extracts (aqueous and ethanol) and four concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL) in randomized blocks. The variables analyzed were germination (%), germination speed index (GSI), % of normal seedlings, root length, fresh biomass and dry biomass. Changes in the cell cycle in meristematic cells of the used model were also evaluated. Concentration-dependent effect on all parameters was observed, with the exception of dry biomass exposed to ethanol extract. The root elongation parameter was different between the extracts even in lower concentrations, thus indicating that this is the most sensitive parameter of this species. Toxic effect from S. molle extracts was observed in all parameters regardless the kind of pruning management or method of extraction (water or ethanol).


Design of the drive circuitry of a switching power supply using Microchip's MRF24J40MA wireless module combined with a PIC18F448 microcontroller and a MOSFET switch of a Buck converter. The wireless transmission is achieved in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and the above mentioned microcontroller communicates with the MRF module via SPI interface.


In this paper, power consumption reduction method in wireless communication using cross-layer is proposed. In the international standard, namely IEEE802.11, reduction in power consumption is conducted by providing a sleep state at the terminal. Moreover, in IEEE802.11ax where multiple streams are being deployed, discussions on reducing the power consumption at the terminal such as considering the need for a more efficient power consumption reduction have been conducted. In this paper, we describe the technique on an efficient power consumption reduction by controlling the sleep time at the access point.


The title of this research is the analysis of the basis sector and the shift in economic structure Sekadau District. District Sekadau born with the issuance of the Constitution Act number 34 in 2003 about the formation of the Sekadau District and Melawi District in West Kalimantan. Successful development Sekadau district can be seen from the growth of the economy itself that can be known through Gross Domestic Product growth in time series from year to year. Through GDP seen what sectors are the basis of the economy in Sekadau District . District Government to take appropriate steps in the process of further development. The analysis tools are Locations quotients (LQ) analysis. The shift in economic structure Sekadau District to determine the extent of the growth of regions, economic sectors which are growing faster than similar sectors in the higher areas and which sectors have a higher competitiveness than similar sectors in West Kalimantan . analysis tools is Shift-share analysis Then to know which sectors are a priority to be developed and where the potential for more developed, which sectors are advanced but depressed and left.The analysis tools are Quotients Klassen analysis. Based on the results of the analysis of the base economic sectors in the District Sekadau is agriculture and mining and quarrying. While the sectors are growing faster than similar sectors in the province of West Kalimantan were mining and quarrying; building sector; transport and communications; finance, leasing and service companies as well as sector services. Sectors that have a higher competitiveness than similar sectors in West Kalimantan is the agricultural sector; electricity, gas and water supply; construction sector, as well as trade, hotels and restaurants. While the economic sector is a priority to develop the agricultural sector; electricity, gas and water supply; sectors of construction and trade, hotels and restaurants. Keywords: Base sector, shifting the economic structure as well as the priority economic sectors


Developments in the RuleML initiative have led to the design of several languages for representing rules. In this paper we describe a framework, based on the integration of different flavors of logic programming, aimed at facilitate reasoning with multiple sources of knowledge expressed in an heterogeneity of RuleML languages. The framework allows the derivation of logic programming modules from each rule base, and their inter-operation through a well-defined module interface. In this paper we describe the basic syntax and semantics of the framework, and its preliminary implementation


Traffic congestions in major cities of Thailand is a persistent issue to foreign tourists. 2 major cities, Bangkok and Chiang Mai were perceived the most congested cities in Thailand. However, Chiang Mai was considered the worst due to poor public transportation systems as compared to Bangkok. This research aim to explore the condition and the impacts of traffic congestion on tourist attitude pertaining to travelling within Chiang Mai. Qualitative approach was used in this research. Interviews and site observations were conducted as the form of data collection. ABC Models of Attitudes was used as an approach to assists questionnaire development for interview. While, bottleneck approach which relates to demand exceeding capacity in a punctual location by TRB (2000) was used as the congestion indicator in site observation. Past literatures concerning tourist behaviour and traffic congestion in tourist area were incorporated to triangulate and to support the data gathered. The findings denote that the foreign tourists perceived negatively towards the traffic congestion in Chiang Mai. This perception have led them to prefer destinations that are away from traffic and within walking distance from their accommodations.


Urban forests are more about people than trees. The positivist approach faces many obstacles in analyzing current urban forest-related issues; thus, this study adopted semantic differences and cognitive map approaches to evaluate the subjective preferences of citizens based on their spatial behavior. From December 2015 to November 2017, a three-year continuous public questionnaire was administered to a total of 450 citizens. Typical forest parks, suburban parks, and urban parks in Beijing were selected as research sites, and were analyzed respectively. This study comprehensively evaluated the perception characteristics and differences in the spatial images of urban forests by citizens in relation to different location conditions. Because these characteristics varied across individuals, the spatial cognition and familiarity of citizens with different types of urban forests were analyzed and compared. The perception of spatial images by citizens of different types of urban forests noticeably varied with respect to color and psychology. The perception of spatial images significantly varied with respect to gender, educational background, and income level, with individual characteristics being most closely related to the perception elements of urban forests in terms of space, color, style, and environment. Comparison of cognitive maps demonstrated clear differences in how citizens selected different types of urban forests. These differences were reflected in six types of cognitive maps and six familiar elements in the cognitive maps drawn by citizens.


Purpose – This paper aims to investigate how borrowers' accounting quality influences bank loan syndicates across 11 emerging markets. Furthermore, an investigation of whether the relationship between accounting quality and the bank loan syndicate structure is influenced by borrowers' governance standards is conducted. Design/methodology/approach – To empirically test the research question, a sample including 11 emerging countries is constructed. Following Chen et al. (2011), an accounting quality measure is constructed by aggregating the three commonly used indicators developed by Kothari et al. (2005), McNichols and Stubben (2008) and Dechow and Dichev (2002). A univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis are conducted to investigate the relationship between accounting quality and bank loan syndicate structure after controlling for firm characteristics and other variables. Findings – The results of this research show that lead lenders need to retain more ownership and organize a more concentrated lo...


The aim to this article is to analyse the judgments and opinions of Africans about Europeans during the early Portuguese expeditions to West Africa in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. While opinions of Europeans about Africans are for that period certified by numerous and varied sources, the opinions of Africans are difficult to examine. Cultures of the West African coast in the fifteen and early sixteen century were illiterate. Local oral traditions do not go back – within the scope of this field of interest – to such distant centuries. There are two types of sources: Firstly, African statements written down in European texts, which require a particularly critical approach; secondly, some Africans expressed their opinions about Europeans in works of Art. These include the statues of Europeans from the area of present-day Sierra Leone (the Sapi people), and from the state of Benin (the Edo people). In this article the author examines: 1) the circumstances in which the Africans expressed their opinions (ad hoc meetings, political negotiations, trade, court ceremonies); 2) the authors (individuals or social and ethnic groups), which were attributed the judgments; 3) the content of speeches; and 4) the motives which guided the Africans. Then author compares individual cases, analyses the common characteristics and the distinct features of judgments and opinions known to us, and discusses the possibility of identification of general traits of Africans' opinions about Europeans.


The U.S. Geological Survey rainfall-runoff model was calibrated for 13 small watersheds in eastern Kansas with drainage areas of less than 11 square miles and was used to synthesize long-term records of peak discharges for each watershed based on long-term rainfall records. Final flood-frequency relations were developed from weighted estimates of flood magnitude for specified recurrence intervals calculated from the long-term synthesized and from the short-term observed records. Use of long-term synthesized records provide better estimates of the flood-frequency relations by increasing the effective length of record.


Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether providing a choice of condoms would increase condom acceptability, increase self-reported use, and decrease incident sexually transmitted infection. Study: We randomized 414 men presenting with urethral discharge in Jamaica to receive either the "standard" clinic condom or a choice of 4 different types of condoms. Men were treated presumptively at enrollment and followed up at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months. Results: Participants in the choice group had a strong preference (P <0.01) for the most popular condom available in Jamaica. This preference did not translate into higher condom use (P = 0.16). The 6-month cumulative probability of first incidence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomoniasis was slightly higher in the choice group (21%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15–28%) versus the control group (17%; 95% CI, 11–23%); the difference in the survival curves was not significant (P = 0.35). Conclusion: A choice of condoms may increase perceived acceptability but not lead to increased condom use and subsequently lower sexually transmitted infection rates.


Purpose – This paper presents the idea that the direction of the university, today, must be seen, first as an enterprise that is different from the idea of the university as seen by Newman, Kant and von Humboldt. Secondly, it must be seen as a problem for the faculty and not that of the institution.Design/methodology/approach – This article examines and discusses the future of universities.Findings – The probability of institutional closings is high. As with consolidation in any industry, the demand for employees, even with increasing enrolments will diminish and the purpose of the institutions, as with the replacement of one technology by another, will change. For many, particularly medallion institutions, survival by providing a selective on‐campus experience will be a defined opportunity. On the other hand, many institutions will become virtual or will be mixed in both brick and click space. These, of course, will have presence on the net that will not be tied to time or place. Others will become certi...


Thalassemia is a very rare disease in Korea. Only14 mutations have been reported in South Korea to date. This is the first case of thalassemia intermedia due to hemoglobin Cagliari in Korea. The locus of this missense mutation is exon 3 of globin (60 ValGlu). This is considered a de novo mutation of dominantly inherited thalassemia in patients previously having no family history of this conditions. The patient showed microcytic hypochromic anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly, which were typical characteristics of -thalassemia intermedia. During follow-up, there was an episode of aplastic crisis due to Parvovirus B19 infection treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. We report this case with the related literature.


We consider the Whitham equations for deformations of hyperelliptic spectral curves, which preserve all periods of a meromorphic differential. If the meromorphic differential has a root at a fixed point of the hyperelliptic involution, then the Whitham flow has a singularity. We prove that the stable and unstable manifolds are non-empty and extend the Whitham flow continuously through the singularity.


New guidelines and a multidisciplinary approach have the potential to help patients in need while minimising inappropriate use of opioids.


Three new species of the genus Chimarra Stephens, 1829 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from the Indian Himalayas Three new species are described in the genus Chimarra Stephens. They are Chimarra icar, C. pupi (both from Sikkim) and C. maneriensis from Uttarakhand. These species are distinguishable from each other and from previously known species by the structure of the male genitalia.


The COVID-19 pandemic has spread widely through the world, since 2019. Then, the search for vaccines has become fundamental against the disease and has generated great expectations on population. In Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was registered in February 2020 and the process of vaccination started in early 2021. In this context, considering the advance of vaccination and the behavior of epidemics, we present a study on the effect of population-wide vaccination on the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic. To this end, we propose a new fuzzy system in order to model the COVID-19 epidemic evolution under the effect of vaccination in Brazil. This proposed model consists of a p-fuzzy system, where the input variables are the infected population and the vaccination rate. The output variable is the level of infection. Results of the proposed fuzzy system show that the level of infestation tends to decrease as the number of people vaccinated increases. Therefore, the population-wide vaccination strategy clearly contributes to suppressing the growth of the disease and to mitigating its impacts on society, including saving lives.


We consider multiagent consensus problems in a decentralized fashion. The interconnection topology among the agents is switching and directed. The agent dynamics is expressed in the form of a double-integrator model. Two different cases are considered: one is the leader-following case and the other is the leaderless case. Based on graph theory and the common Lyapunov function method, some sufficient conditions are established for the consensus stability of the considered systems with the neighbor-based feedback laws in both leader-following case and leaderless case, respectively. As special cases, the consensus conditions for balanced and undirected interconnection topology cases can be established directly. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.


The invention discloses an artificial cultivation method of a wild sweet tea tree. According to the artificial cultivation method, wild sweet tea branches are collected and used for growing seedlings in a cuttage mode; in the period from late spring to early summer, the branches grown last year are collected and sheared to be 4-5-cun length, and one or two bud eyes are made; a paddy field or dry land is chosen as a nursery garden, wherein the nursery garden is subjected to deep ploughing for one chi, soil preparation, furrowing, application of base fertilizer and film mulching; the branches for cuttage are soaked in clear water for 3-4 hours and then soaked in a No.6 rooting powder solution for one hour, the upper ends of the branches are sheared open, paraffin is smeared at the upper ends, and the branches are inserted in seedbed soil through a mulching film with the depth of 2 cun and the density of 3 cun square; a shed is built for shading, and seedling management for preserving moisture and preventing water accumulation is conducted. The sweet tea seedlings in the first year are transplanted to a large land in the spring next year, and subjected to fertilizing, pinching and layering. By means of the artificial cultivation method for artificial cultivation of wild sweet tea, large-scale planting and development are facilitated, greening and protection of the ecological environment are facilitated, and remarkable economic benefit and social benefit can be generated.


Physical signals are often non-stationary. We assume that images are non-stationary and each pixel is the output of a different set of two-dimensional autoregressive (AR) model coefficients; therefore, texture cannot be characterised by applying AR modelling techniques to the entire image. A multistage modelling technique, which appears in the literature as "endomorphic modelling", is applied to this kind of signal. The signal is divided into sub-sets of samples and each sub-set is modelled using an AR model. A new image is formed using the same AR model coefficient estimated from different blocks, then the new image is re-modelled using AR models again. This process ends when the variance of the estimated parameters is sufficiently small. The simulation results show that the variances obtained from the estimated coefficients at the second stage are much smaller than the ones from the first stage


Parameters of transport and handling system of opencast mining are described. Their influence to robust working of opencast mining is given.


Composites both high temperature and high performance are the subject of the symposium presented in this book continue to be at the forefront of materials research and development, fundamentally as well as with a view toward future generations of aerospace structures, propulsion devices, and energy conversion systems. The aim of this symposium was to bring together researchers from diverse disciplines to compare their latest results concerning the synthesis, structure-property relationships, and mechanics of metal, intermetallic, glass, and ceramic matrix composites.


The goals of this research were knowing difficulties of biological learning in a point of view of personal
pre-academic ability and self-learning processes of second grade of SMUN 4. The research was carried out by
collecting the data by using the ex post facto method, Cluster random sampling technique was used when
sampling. Two ways Anava was used to analyze the obsented data.
The result showed that there are significant impacts of personal pre acadetnic ability, and self learning
processes toward the dificulties of biological learning. Those can be seen from the value of F observed (0, 05:2, 30)=12,667 > F table(0,05:2,30)=3,32. F observed (0, 05:2, 30)=12,667 > F table(0,05:2,30)=3,32.
Key words: The difficulty of biological learning, personal pre-academic ability, self-learning processes.


A Bayesian with GP(Gaussian Process)-based numerical method to impute a few missing magnetic signals caused by impaired magnetic probes during tokamak operations is developed such that the real-time reconstruction of magnetic equilibria, whose performance strongly depends on the measured magnetic signals and their intactness, are affected minimally. Likelihood of the Bayesian model constructed with the Maxwell's equations, specifically Gauss's law of magnetism and Amp\`ere's law, results in infinite number of solutions if two or more magnetic signals are missing. This undesirable characteristic of the Bayesian model is remediated by coupling the model with the Gaussian process. Our proposed numerical method infers the missing magnetic signals correctly in less than $1$\:msec suitable for real-time reconstruction of magnetic equilibria during tokamak operations. The method can also be used for a neural network that reconstructs magnetic equilibria trained with a complete set of magnetic signals. Without our proposed imputation method, such a neural network would become useless if missing signals are not tolerable by the network.


Pigments of natural origin continue to be of interest for their application as sensitizers in cells of the DSSC type. In particular, dyes from native fruits or plants are interesting con-sidering their affordability. In this work, purified anthocyanin extracts were obtained from pitanga fruits ( Eugenia Uniflora L. ) and characterized by visible spectroscopy and FTIR, and the stability up to 85 ℃ evaluated. These anthocyanins were mixed with different amounts of Mg2+, Al3+, Cr3+ at different working pH, finding the optimal complexation ratio for each system. The systems were also characterized by redox measurements, obtaining an oxidation potential close to 1 V for all cases, confirming the favorable characteristics of the compounds evaluated for their use in DSSC cells. FTIR confirmed the binding of anthocyanins and metal complexes to TiO2. The DSSC cells evaluated showed maximum conversion efficiency values of 0.24 % in complexes with chromium.


Numerical results are presented of the simulation of combined buoyant and thermocapillary convection in a square cavity, and comparison is made with experimental observations of Schwabe and Metzger [1]. The two-dimensional conservation equations for mass, momentum, and thermal energy (temperature) are solved using a multigrid finite-volume method and grids with up to 248 X 200 control volumes. Central differencing is used to discretize both convection and diffusion fluxes, and the coupling of pressure and velocity is achieved via the SIMPLE algorithm for colocated variable arrangement [2]. The discretization accuracy of the results is estimated to be of the order of 1% on the finest grid. The agreement with experimental results is fairly good; the reasons for observed discrepancies are also discussed.


In 1989 the area called Desfiladero de los Gaitanes was declared Paraje Natural with the aim of protecting/conserving the important geomorphycal values of that area. Three years later, Cabezudo y Nieto (1992) proposed the extension of the area and the change of the management system applied to it, considering the floristic and plant values. The present work consists on an exhaustive study of the flora in the site mentioned above and in the surrounding areas. As a result, we have prepared a vascular plants catalogue which includes 515 taxa in the following places: Sierra Huma, Sierra Llana, Sierra de la Pizarra and Sierra del Valle de Abdalajis. 9.5% of them are endemic species and occur mainly on rocky communities emphasising the best Iberian populations of Rupicapnos africana subsp. decipiens, an Ibero-African endemism occupying a very restrictive area. As a consequence of this study we proposed a new definition of the limits for this site and the inclusion of the new protective values, not in use up to now; we also divided the zone according to the distribution and conservation state of the floristic richness, so that we can the most adequate use to each sector defined and obtain an protection appropriate of all the natural values of the Paraje.


This paper applies the ADF test, co-integration test and VEC model to analyze and process the data based on data of energy consumption and economic growth from 1990 to 2008.There is long-run and short-run unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth. It shows that: in China, the energy consumption promotes economic development and stimulates economic growth.


There is a myth circulating in the blogosphere—usually among the most extreme critics of our profession—that there exists some monolithic entity called "Psychiatry" (with a capital "P").


This paper develops a quantitative SOE model with …nancial frictions and an imperfectly competitive banking sector for the Mexican economy. The model is used to evaluate the role of both …nancial and banking frictions on the transmission and propagation of aggregate shocks into the economy, to assess the importance of …nancial shocks in business cycle ‡uctuations and try to examine considerations about the transmission mechanism of monetary policy.


This study is a qualitative research that aims to get a description of the profile of students mathematical problem solving grade IX SMP with interpersonal intelligence based on gender differences on Polya phase. The subjects of this study were students at grade IX of Junior High School who had a interpersonal intelligence based on gender differences. This study was conducted at the Junior High School in Palu, Central Sulawesi. Based on data analysis can be concluded that male students who have interpersonal intelligence can do all stages problem solving of mathematics, that is understand the problem,  make a plan, carry out our plan, and look back at the completed solution with tendencies to build up interaction with other people to easily understand the problems. While female students who have interpersonal intelligence  while do some stage problem solving of mathematics need help too much, that is understand the problem and make a plan. As for the stages carry out our plan, and look back at the completed solution the female students do with full of confidences.


An engineer can be greatly helped in dealing with complex and unusual systems by taking a specific attitude to the world of reality: The Systems Stance. It involves an attitude of personal engageme...


Since the implementation of Public Law 99457, the number of children served by early intervention programs has increased substantially. This article describes the d e s of advocacy and science in contributing to that expansion. A biosocial systems model of early development is used to explain how comparative experimental research can help to improve the cost effectiveness of early intervention programs. Examples of the benefits of such research are taken from the other articles reported in this issue of Early Education and Development.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of metacognitive support on learning with hypermedia. It is assumed that prompting metacognitive reflection will affect the learning process by encouraging students to demonstrate metacognitive behaviour more frequently, leading to better learning performance. The metacognitive support provided was developed on the basis of existing research and was tested experimentally. By means of indirect prompting, the students in the experimental group (n=20) were led to conduct metacognitive activities during learning. No metacognitive support was offered to the control group (n=20). The results of the learning process and learning outcomes confirm the positive effects of metacognitive support, especially where students complied with the offered support in the intended way.


Objective To determine if high fasting blood glucose (FBG) level is an independent predictor of serious coronary lesions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We enrolled 64 patients who had symptoms of chest discomfort and who underwent coronary angiography. FBG was determined from blood samples and the extent of coronary artery lesions was analyzed according to Gensini score. We examined the relationships among diabetes, FBG, and coronary artery severity. Results Diabetes and FBG were significantly and positively related to Gensini score. Diabetes, but not FBG, was independently correlated with the occurrence of a Gensini score >41. However, FBG was significantly associated with Gensini score >41 in non-diabetic patients. Conclusion Hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of severe CAD in non-diabetic patients. Clinicians should be aware of this and should carry out appropriate early interventions.


The nature of the human/chimpanzee last common ancestor is fundamental for understanding the evolution of human bipedalism. A particular focus is the conformation of its spine. There are multiple mechanisms for stiffening the spine of apes, including reduction of the number of lumbar vertebrae, the level of the transitional vertebra where the articular facets change from coronal to sagittal orientation, and the shape and angulation of the spinous processes. There is debate regarding whether these features are homologous or homoplastic, and thus whether bipedalism evolved from a short stiff back like great apes or a longer lumbar column more similar to monkeys and Miocene hominoids. Genetic modification of Hox9 in mice results in the correlated modification of spinous process shape and placement of the transitional vertebra independent of alternation in lumbar number, mimicking evolutionary changes observed in hominoids. This indicates that the articular facets and spinous processes may be associated developmental modules.


ALOR STAR: The Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah, has reminded the people in the state to continue preserving the peace and unity which allow them to focus on improving their livelihood.


Despite historical inaccuracies, the new film entertainingly shares the largely unknown story of three African American female "computers" at NASA. Despite historical inaccuracies, the new film entertainingly shares the largely unknown story of three African American female "computers" at NASA.


In this talk we briefly reviewed our recent progress on a dispersive study of ππ → KK̄ scattering data. First, we optimized the applicability of hyperbolic dispersion relations to this process and we have then showed the existence of sizable inconsistencies on the existing data sets. However, by imposing these dispersion relations as constraints on data fits, we are able to provide a simple set of parameterizations for the S, P and D partial waves up to 2 GeV that describe the data while being consistent with dispersion relations up to their maximum applicability limit of 1.47 GeV.


Recently many researchers have studied two problems on labor supply in China,namely,the gradual weakening of the advantage of labor supply,and the continuous rise of labor costs.And by using the Lewis model,they put forward some suggestions to promote the transfer mechanism of the rural surplus labor forces.In this paper,we also studied these two problems by the Lewis model,especially with the aid of the successful policy experience in Japan on the transfer of rural surplus labor forces,and provided with some constructive strategies.


The search for a fountain of youth endures across cultures. But the time is coming when we treat ageing as a disease, not an inevitability, reports Bob Roehr


We introduce a large-scale semantic-network annotation effort based on the MutliNet formalism. Annotation is achieved via a process which incorporates several independent tools including a MultiNet graph editing tool, a semantic concept lexicon, a user-editable knowledge-base for semantic concepts, and a MultiNet parser. We present an evaluation metric for these semantic networks, allowing us to determine the quality of annotations in terms of inter-annotator agreement. We use this metric to report the agreement rates for a pilot annotation effort involving three annotators.


The development of web information systems (WISs) requires modelling on various layers of abstraction. Based on an abstract abstraction layer model (ALM) the work in this article approaches the modelling on the highest layer dealing with strategic modelling. Strategic modelling addresses a very general characterisation of WISs in terms of its content, functionality, context, usage and presentation, and pragmatic guidelines for achieving these. The article discusses branding, utilisation space modelling, utilisation portfolio modelling and atmosphere modelling as the major parts of a strategic model. Furthermore, techniques based on linguistic analysis, communication analysis and metaphors make up the informal means to approach WISs in strategic terms.


This discourse study aims to analyze the structure and function of the modes in the speech of the characters in The Grass is Singing concerning white domination over black people. This is a qualitative study with a critical discourse analysis approach. The findings conform Fairclough's theory (1989) that the mood structure, whether declarative, interrogative, or imperative, can show the speaker's dominance and power. In the declarative mode, the speaker or the person giving the information tends to be in a higher position than the interlocutor. In the interrogative and imperative modes, the person who asks for both information and action from the interlocutor is generally more dominant. These findings reveal that white people consider their group to be superior to black people even though within the white group itself a social class division exists where those who are more successful will be more powerful than people who are struggling economically.


A system transmits data as phase-modulated signals over a noisy channel. In each of r subintervals the carrier phase has one of p possible values where p is a prime number. The first k phase coordinates are specified by the information source while the other r-k coordinates are derived through a linear coding scheme in a polynomial field of M = p^{k} elements. The receiver contains a phase detector and a decoder that operates algebraically on quantized phase values using a polynomial representation. It explores the fact that a correctable error must contain at least one member of a small set of error polynomials. The probability of a decoding failure and the required amount of computation is studied in detail when p = 3 . The average amount of computation is small for codes of moderate length but at a certain critical length it starts to increase exponentially. Numerical results on the probability of a detection failure is available when p = 3 and 5 for M . They show a degradation in SNR of more than 3 dB compared to an ideal detector.


Measurements were made on electron temperature and density profiles of ohmically heated hydrogen plasmas in the JFT-2 tokamak device by using Thomson scattering of light from a Q-switched ruby laser. The measured electton temperature ranged from 0.08 keV to 1.2 keV for electton densities of 2.0×1012 cm-3 to 4.4×1013 cm-3. The temperature profile was found to have a rather sharp distribution in the central region. The electron temperature was found to vary linearly with the plasma current and the ionic charge derived from the electron temperature and plasma conductivity decreased with the electron density. The experimental electron thermal conductivity KeEXP in the central region was compared with the theoretical prediction KeNC≪KeEXP\lesssimKeDTE, where KeNC and KeDTE are the neoclassical and dissipative-trapped electron thermal conductivities respectively.


Objective To explore executive functions and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in depressive patients before and after antidepressant treatment and their correlations with depression severity. Methods Executive functions and depression severity of all depressive patients (n=77) before and after 4 weeks of antidepressant treatment and normal control subjects (n=74) were respectively assessed with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),and their serum BDNF levels were assayed with the ELISA method. Results Compared with control group,depressive patients before treatment had significantly more total responses,preservative errors and nonpreservative errors,significantly lower completed categories and serum BDNF levels[(36.34±15.16)ng/mL vs (23.09±12.13) ng/mL] (P0.01),and there were not significantly different after treatment(P0.05). Compared with pre-treatment,depressive patients after treatment had significantly higher completed categories and serum BDNF levels[(37.37±21.04) ng/mL],significantly lower total responses,preservative errors,nonpreservative errors and total HAMD scores(P0.01). Before and after treatment serum BDNF levels had significantly negative correlations with corresponding total HAMD scores (r=-0.28,P=0.01;r=-0.28,P=0.01). But 5 items of WCST before treatment and their change values were all no correlations with corresponding serum BDNF levels and total HAMD scores and their change values (all P0.05). Conclusions Depressive patients had impairments of execution functions and decreased serum BDNF levels,and the latter was closely correlated with depression severity and there were improvements of execution dysfunctions and depression symptoms and an increase of serum BDNF levels after antidepressant treatment.


Objective:To explore the relationship between QTd and acute myocardial infarction(AMI)with ventricaular tachycardia(VT) and ventricaular fibrillation(VF).Methods:Test 86 AMI patients(14 of them with VT、VF,72 without VT、VF)and normal people of the QTd and.QTcd and make a comparision.Result:The difference of QTd and QTcd value between AMI with VT、VF and those without VT、VF is obvious and both of them are higher than normal people.Conclusion:QTd100ms can be taken as the predicted sign of VT、VF produced from AMI. [