Ultrasound pulse echo parameters and a simple protocol are here proposed for in vitro characterization and monitoring progressive degrees of decalcification of rat femurs. Two quantitative parameters: Integrated Reflection Coefficient (IRC) and Frequency Slope of Integrated Reflection (FSIR) were estimated from in vitro bone surface echoes in eight femur diaphysis of Wistar rats. The echo signals were acquired from three previously chosen locations along the distal lateral third of the femur diaphysis during the decalcification process by EDTA. A positive correlation with quantitative computerized tomography was found for the results. This is an indication that the proposed protocol has potential to characterize bone tissue in animal models, providing more consistent results standardizing bone characterization studies by QUS endorsing its use in humans.


A review is presented on the use of gamma radiation in research and industry. The characteristics of a Co/sup 60/ source, the most used gamma source, are discussed in order to indicate the reasons for its wide-spread use. In addition to its use in radiation therapy, gamma radiation is of value in the chemical, plastic, rubber, and petroleum industries, pharmaceutical industry, food sterilization and preservation, and measurement and control technology. The application in the chemical industry is briefly discussed. (J.S.R.)


Abstract : Target detection performance of two groups of eight subjects was compared. Subjects of one group wore the Honeywell Model 7A helmet-mounted display (HMD). A Hewlett-Packard Model panel display was used to present the imagery to the subjects of the other group. A 16mm movie projector and a TV camera were used to present the twenty-two target runs to terrain board imagery simulating inflight target search and detection. Performance scores obtained were average slant range to detection and number of correction identifications. Although performance (slant range and hits) with the panel display was slightly better than performance with the HMD, the difference in performance was not statistically significant. Implications for HMD design and evaluation are discussed. (Author)


Transformer-based object detectors (DETR) have shown significant performance across machine vision tasks, ultimately in object detection. This detector is based on a self-attention mechanism along with the transformer encoder-decoder architecture to capture the global context in the image. The critical issue to be addressed is how this model architecture can handle different image nuisances, such as occlusion and adversarial perturbations. We studied this issue by measuring the performance of DETR with different experiments and benchmarking the network with convolutional neural network (CNN) based detectors like YOLO and Faster-RCNN. We found that DETR performs well when it comes to resistance to interference from information loss in occlusion images. Despite that, we found that the adversarial stickers put on the image require the network to produce a new unnecessary set of keys, queries, and values, which in most cases, results in a misdirection of the network. DETR also performed poorer than YOLOv5 in the image corruption benchmark. Furthermore, we found that DETR depends heavily on the main query when making a prediction, which leads to imbalanced contributions between queries since the main query receives most of the gradient flow.


Throughout the last 14 ka, tropical Africa experienced significant hydrological changes that were mainly driven by the orbital precession cycle, which controls the intensity of the African monsoon. Recent studies conducted in lake and deltaic sedimentary records suggest that long-term monsoon humid oscillations (African Humid Period / AHP ~14 – ~6 ka) were punctuated by centennial-scale episodes of hyperaridity. However, the abrupt or gradual aridification modalities since the end of the AHP and the modalities of the centennial-scale episodes, as well as their impacts on past and current environments are still debated.


As a part of work for the Special Project on the stability of semisubmersible drilling rigs which were conducted at the Ship Research Institute of Japan, a computer code for the calculation of behaviours of semisubmersible drilling rigs under dynamic loads was developed. Dynamic behaviour of semisubmersible drilling rigs in severe environmental conditions have attracted much attention with the focus on the slow drift oscillations and resultant mooring forces. Although it is certain that the behaviour in extreme environmental conditions are vital problems for the safety of semisubmersible drilling rigs, transient motions due to mishaps such as breaking of mooring/towing lines, floodings, unexpected cargo movements, collisions etc. could cause large displacements/inclinations that might endanger the semisubmersibles. Unique behaviour in heavy sea conditions, however, has attracted very little attention so far. Therefore, using the developed computer code, the authors have carried out simulations of such transient behaviour of semisubmersibles as well as behaviour in extreme conditions and examined the accuracy of the calculated results through the comparisons with available experimental data. The objective of this paper is to describe the specifications of the developed computer code and to present the simulation results obtained by the code, which might benefit the future development of similar computer codes.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the life histories of incarcerated and formerly incarcerated women and their experiences with a jail's gender-responsive program. Ten women participated in life history interviews. Data was analyzed using the constant comparative method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) through lenses of positionalities, family systems theory, and identity theory. Childhood abuse and trauma affected women's life experiences. Their ability to build healthy relationships, trust others and imagine possible selves impacted how they experienced GRP in jail. Age and gender affected how they experienced the criminal justice system. Findings have implications for social justice education and GRPs.


Eu(3+), Tb(3+), and Dy(3+)-doped Li(3)Ba(2)Y(3)(MoO(4))(8) phosphors were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and decay lifetimes were utilized to characterize the resulting samples. After annealed at 900 degrees C for 12 h in air, pure phase of the samples formed. Under UV or blue light excitation at 395 nm (for Eu(3+)), 488 nm (for Tb(3+)) and 388 nm (for Dy(3+)), the Li(3)Ba(2)Y(3)(MoO(4))(8):Eu(3+), Li(3)Ba(2)Y(3)(MoO(4))(8):Tb(3+), and Li(3)Ba(2)Y(3)(MoO(4))(8):Dy(3+) phosphors exhibit the characteristic emissions of Eu(3+)((5)D(0)-(7)F(2), red), Tb(3+) ((5)D(4)-(7)F(5), green), and Dy(3+) ((4)F(9/2)-(6)H(13/2), yellow) with a high color purity, respectively. The optimum doping concentrations and the corresponding PL quantum efficiencies for Eu(3+), Tb(3+), and Dy(3+) ions in the Li(3)Ba(2)Y(3-x)(MoO(4))(8):xLn(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy) systems were determined to be x = 2.4, 2.4, 0.1 and 63%, 20%, 58%, respectively. The luminescence mechanism and concentration quenching effect were discussed in detail. These phosphors have potential applications in solid-state lighting technology for white LED with suitable excitation of near-UV light or blue light. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3560528] All rights reserved.


Abstract Until recently, most research on the leaching of preservatives from treated wood was conducted in the laboratory. Although these studies have contributed to the understanding of leaching, the data generated under controlled conditions often do not apply to leaching during natural exposure and weathering. In addition, little is known about the effects of climatic variables and long-term emission rates. This paper examines leaching of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) from lumber exposed above ground to 685 mm of precipitationduring 351 days of natural weathering. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed relationships between leaching and a number of treatment and climatic variables, including: species of wood, initial preservative loading, amount of precipitation, average air temperature, average light intensity, pH and duration of rain event. Regression models explained approximately 30% of the variation in chromium and arsenic leaching and 44% of the variation in copper leaching.


Background. Primary intracerebral haemorrhage is a neurological condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Outcome prediction is necessary to allocate the available resources in such cases judicially. Our study aims to identify the radiological predictors of in-hospital mortality based on a plain CT study of the brain at admission and to develop a prognostic scoring system based on them.
Material and methods. We collected the clinical and radiological data from 182 consecutive patients who presented with primary spontaneous ICH. Bivariate analysis of radiological predictors of in-hospital mortality was undertaken using unadjusted logistic regression. Those variables found to have significance were put into a multivariate logistic regression model. The Results of multivariate logistic regression were treated as a foundation for developing the scoring system.
Results. The mortality rate in our series was 23.6% (N = 43). After multivariate analysis, Midline shift (MLS), presence or absence of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), Volume of ICH and Location of haematoma were significant predictors of mortality. Based on the identified radiological variables, a five-score prognostic scoring system (AUROC = 0.925, 95% CI 0.887–0.964)) was developed, with higher scores indicating higher mortality.
Conclusions. The established scoring system, MIVL, may help physicians to do better patient counselling regarding outcomes.


Owning one's own home has long been a core value in the United States, and in recent years, Americans with disabilities have become increasingly interested in pursuing home ownership. A sample of 148 underwriters rated the probability that an applicant with a disability would be approved for a residential mortgage. Mailed applicant scenarios were randomized across type of disability (physical or developmental), intensity of supports (live-in or occasional), and source of income (earnings or public benefits). Type of disability alone was statistically significant, with approval more likely for the applicant with a physical disability. Respondents also provided explanations of their decision rationale, and these narratives were analyzed qualitatively. Implications for understanding the mortgage application process and for helping individuals with disabilities enter the housing market are discussed.


Since 1960's concrete based wall panel systems have become more popular especially in multi-storey residential buildings. The main components of concrete are water, cement and aggregates and especially water-to-cement ratio has a significant influence on the pore structure of the concrete and therefore, on its electrical properties. This paper presents a study where the effect of moisture on the RF attenuation of the outermost concrete sandwich element is examined based on material samples. The frequency range used in the measurements was 7 GHz to 13 GHz, but the results are expandable for other frequencies based on the stable permittivity value. In particular, at higher frequencies, the attenuation of concrete layer increases rapidly and already at lower frequencies of 5th Generation (5G) networks, the wetting of the outermost layer of the concrete element can cause an 6-12 dB additional signal attenuation.


This study evaluates the methods and achievements of John McMillan, one of early America's most influential ministers. As a leader in Western Pennsylvania's theo logical, doctrinal, educational, and moral development, McMillan's contemporaries called him the Father of the Churches in the Synod of Pittsburgh, the Apostle of Presbyterianism in the West, and the Father of education in West ern Pennsylvania. McMillan's speech training and ministerial methods are reconstructed and analyzed. The chief sources are fifteen manuscript sermons, McMillan's Journal, personal letters, and autobiographical material, and denominational histories. McMillan's education gave him special qualifications for the several roles he filled on the frontier. His pre-college training was directed by two graduates of William Tennent's Log College who had tested their techniques and skills under frontier conditions. His work at the College of New Jersey was under the instruction and close supervision of John Witherspoon, an effective revival preacher and lecturer. Upon graduation, McMillan returned to one of his academy teachers for two years of in-service training in theology. As he entered his ministry, McMillan felt both qualified and obligated to establish his own log-cabin school for v vi educating ministers and other professional men on the frontier. As an outgrowth of his early efforts and con tinued leadership, two fully accredited colleges and a medical school later developed to serve the area. His work in education coupled with his leadership in organizing presbyteries and synods gave him greater ethos in his preaching. Based upon an analysis of fifteen representative sermons, his Journal, and testimony from contemporary critics, this study reveals that McMillan used an acceptable pattern of speech development and regularly followed a program of thor ough sermon preparation. He prepared manuscripts for his sermons--some were full-content manuscripts and others were extensive notes from which to extemporize— and memorized them. However, he is reported to have delivered the sermons with all of the vigor, feeling and vividness characteristic of good extemporaneous speaking. McMillan regularly began his sermons by introducing a Biblical text and engaging in a lengthy explanation of it. After his theme began to emerge, he previewed the main points of his sermon and the major subheads he planned to develop. Using the statements from his preview as transitional devices, McMillan reasoned out the body of the sermon. He usually con cluded in one of three ways: (l) making some "improvement" upon the last main head in the sermon or upon the whole sub ject; (2 ) making his last heading into an appeal; or (3 ) vii presenting hypothetical questions to guide his listeners into an inductively persuasive self-analysis. McMillan used the Bible almost exclusively for his source of proof, drawing from it specific instances, illus trations, analogies, contrasts, and the general principles from which he reasoned deductively. Though he made limited appeals to the emotions of gratitude, honor, respect for authority and power, justice, and fair play, he appealed primarily to fear. To McMillan, hell was a very real place and a horror to be avoided at all costs. McMillan often included a large number of minor points in his sermon structure which gave him an involved style that lacked clarity and coherence. Though his listeners probably had difficulty in following his reasoning, the abundance of material and regular use of Biblical wording gave his preach ing an air of completeness and Biblical authority. He relied upon his regular catechetical sessions to undergird his preaching with instructional power. Though sometimes harsh in tone and unkind in statements, his massive body, vocal power, air of humility and earnest ness, and total platform manner added persuasiveness to his messages. The other areas of his influence also gave him force as a persuasive speaker.


A highly efficient and versatile synthetic approach to the synthesis of pyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines ( 3 , 7a-c ), pyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines ( 8 , 10-12 ), ( 15 , 16 ), pyrido[4",3":4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine ( 9 ), and polymethylene condensed (e.g., pyrrolo-, piperidino-, azepino-)pyridothienopyrimidines ( 18a-c ) is described utilizing diethyl 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3,6-dicarboxylate 1 as the starting material.


Asthma is a common respiratory illness affecting approximately 8% of Americans and is characterized by symptoms of wheeze, cough, and shortness of breath. These symptoms are caused by an inappropriate sensitization to an environmental antigen, or allergen, that leads to airway inflammation upon reexposure. These responses are typically mediated by allergic T cells (Thelper 2 [Th2]), which trigger eosinophilic inflammation characteristic of allergic asthma. Multiple factors contribute to the clinical risk for asthma. A genetic predisposition to allergy and asthma, called atopy, is a well-established feature in its development. Additionally, environmental factors including exposure to allergens, birth delivery mode, diet, and childhood surroundings may also modify asthma risk. More recently, the role played by the body's endogenous microbial communities (microbiota) has emerged as a new component to this puzzle. Healthy environmental microbial exposures not only help the neonatal immune system, including humoral and innate components, to mature into an adult-like state after birth but also likely influence immune function throughout life [1]. Maladaptive microbiota–host interactions have likewise been linked to the development of disease. A number of studies across a wide variety of illnesses have changed the way that we regard "pathologic" microbe–host interactions to include the concept of "dysbiosis," or dysfunctional microbial communities that contribute to pathology. These dysbiotic communities fail to adequately perform the normal functions of a healthy microbiota in educating the immune system, processing dietary components, producing bioactive compounds, and more, which can profoundly impact host health and disease susceptibility. Dysbiotic gut and airway microbial communities have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis, indicating that a comprehensive understanding of the disease will require a detailed understanding of resident bacterial–host interactions.


Given the continuing pressures on academics to publish their research work in high quality publications, we find that authors are required to provide their institutions with increasingly more detailed information about the journals in which their papers appear. One frequently asked question relates to rejection rates. On average, fewer than fifty per cent of papers submitted to ReCALL are accepted. For example, in the current year 2005, 45 papers were submitted, of which 16 were published.


THESIS
Submitted to
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
for thE degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Department of Microbiology
Faculties of Science and Medicine
FEBRUARY
1978


Your editorial in last month's issue, and the feature in the news section (p5), gave a clear and accurate account of the threat to nuclear physics research in the UK brought about by financial problems within the SERC. The squeeze on nuclear physics research has been gravely distorted since it shares the same funding pocket as particle physics research. While the immediate threat to the operation of the NSF at Daresbury now appears to have receded, the longer-term support for this world-class facility, the sole remaining centre for nuclear physics research in UK, has still to be assured.


The purpose of this study research is to seek the relation between health
warning labels on cigarettes packages and young smokers purchase intention. This
research is done based on the similar previous research title A Consumer
Evaluation of Health Warning Labels on Cigarettes Packages in Canada, written
by Crane, F.G and MacLean, V.A (1996). This research is aiming to see the
correlation between health warning label, smoking behavior and purchase
intention among young smokers. There are 152 respondents in this research, all of
them are smokers. The method will be using Regression and will be operated by
using SPSS 16.00 for Windows.


Brain tumor is one of the prevalent cancers in the world that lead to death. In light of the present information of the properties of gliomas, mathematical models have been developed by scientists to quantify the proliferation and invasion dynamics of glioma. In this study, one-dimensional glioma growth model is considered, and finite difference method is used to discretize the problem. Then, two stationary methods, namely Gauss-Seidel (GS) and Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) are used to solve the governing algebraic system. The performance of the methods are evaluated in terms of number of iteration and computational time. On the basis of performance analysis, SOR method is shown to be more superior compared to GS method.


Common atherosclerotic conditions such as myocardial infarction and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are decreasing in prevalence as people smoke less and medical risk factor management improves. The incidence of peripheral vascular diseases, however, increases with age, so as populations grow older, particularly in affluent Western countries, vascular surgeons are confronted with increasing numbers of elderly patients1. The elderly with vascular disease have had time to acquire a variety of other problems, including type 2 diabetes and dementia, and their fitness for major interventions is often in doubt. Vascular surgery has evolved in recent years to meet this demand, and advances in endovascular technologies mean that even the frailest patients can usually be offered intervention. The question remains, however, which elderly patients derive benefit from which vascular interventions? Information from vascular databases suggest that the rise in hospital admissions is driven by an increase in those aged over 75 years. Although there may be issues regarding case ascertainment as a result of more accurate coding over the past decade, in the UK admissions with acute limb ischaemia and thoracic aortic disease have risen in elderly patients2. The significant increase in the number of interventions for patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms has been driven mainly by developments in endovascular technology, but this does not seem to be the case for acute leg ischaemia, where endotechnologies (thrombolysis, percutaneous thrombectomy) do not yet seem to have widespread adoption3. Vascular surgeons have always had to make decisions on selection for lifeor limb-preserving surgery No condition has been studied as widely as ruptured AAA (rAAA). Although the prevalence of rAAA is decreasing as a result of screening and reductions in smoking, it remains a fatal condition without treatment, and high risk even in those selected for intervention. No risk score reliably predicts patients for whom intervention is futile. Consequently, vascular surgeons frequently select patients for intervention on the basis of age alone. In a recent Delphi consensus study4 there was agreement that patients aged over 85 years with rAAA should not be transferred from a district hospital to a vascular centre for assessment or surgery, owing to the expected poor outcome or limited potential to regain their former quality of life (Box 1). Much of the elective activity of vascular surgeons involves risk reduction (preventing aneurysm rupture by elective repair; reducing stroke through carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or stenting). Intervention for nonruptured AAA is usually based on aortic diameter (over 5⋅4 cm) as a result of the randomized Small Aneurysm Trial. However, the risk : benefit ratio is different for a 65-year-old man with a large AAA detected by screening, and an 85-year-old man with a similar-sized AAA detected following regular surveillance. Decisions about Box 1 Aorta


Let x be a large real number, p, p' be primes, and suppose P2 denotes an almost prime with at most two-prime factors counted with multiplicity. It is conjectured thatwhile in this paper it is shown that, for x sufficiently large, there holds


The question of appropriate price tag for a unit of blood has been a subject of controversy over a long time. People in general are of the opinion that there cannot be any price for a free gift donated by a blood donor. They are absolutely right and there should not be any price for blood and components. But why do various countries charge money for a unit of blood? Actually, this is not the price for blood but service charges for processing blood units after collection. It includes collection cost like blood donor motivation, donor selection, cost of bag, donor refreshment; testing cost like confirmation of ABO/Rh, mandatory transfusion associated infection tests; component preparation cost; preservation cost like maintaining refrigerators, deep freezers, platelet shakers/ incubators; infrastructure cost like maintenance of equipments/ gadgets, electricity, salary of employees, other consumables and office expenses.


Since the aircraft power system usually operates for a long time and in a special environment,fault may occur during flight.In order to accomplish the task successfully and avoid fault propagation that may result in severe failure,it is necessary to build up an on-line fault diagnosis system to realize the real-time Fault Detection,Diagnosis,and Recovery(FDIR).After analyzing the circuit structure and fault characteristics of the aircraft power system,the authors built an on-line model-based fault diagnosis system.Performance analysis demonstrate that this diagnosis system can detect the single-point fault,multiple faults and the single sensor fault of the aircraft power system,and it also has a high reasoning speed and accuracy.


The wastewater from coal dressing contains large amounts of fine particles which are difficult to naturally settle.From slurry's mineral composition in coal dressing wastewater,this paper analyzes the mechanism of promoting the settlement of particle by coagulation.Through the experiments of coagulating and flocculating treatment for coal dressing wastewater,the suitable addition amounts and ratios of coagulant and flocculant were determined.The experimental results demonstrated that the coagulation treatment of the coal dressing wastewater is simple.The coagulation treatment is able to accelerate the settlement of fine particles in the coal dressing wastewater,to lower the wastewater overflow,and help to realize the closed circulation of coal washing water.


Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure of ≥25 mmHg at rest by right heart catheterization. Echocardiography estimates systolic pulmonary arterial pressure on the tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity, mean and diastolic pressure based on the pulmonary regurgitation jet, and data regarding the function of the right ventricle. ESC guidelines propose an echocardiographic risk assessment in PH according to right atrial area > 26 cm and pericardial effusion. Other risk factors correlated with the severity of the PH include right atrial pressure > 15 mmHg, tricuspid regurgitation more than moderate, TAPSE <18 mm, tricuspid S < 11.5 cm/s assessed by TDI, right ventricle ejection fraction <45% using 3D imaging, fractional area change of the right ventricle <35%, dP/dt < 400 mmHg/s on the tricuspid regurgitation flow, reduced strain of the right ventricle, diastolic dysfunction. Left ventricular eccentricity index (EI) >1.7 combined with TAPSE <15 mmwas associated with a higher death rate compared to patients with normal values. However, each of these parameters used in the assessment of the right ventricle has technical limitations, and it is necessary to use multiple tests for a correct evaluation of the prognosis of PH.


This updated edition examines the latest regulatory and judicial developments involving the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and provides a clear, practical explanation of its requirements. New issues addressed in this edition include the new provisions regarding recycling, the corrective action program, and the regulation of combustion units; changes in enforcement policy, civil and criminal liability, and citizen suits; and new regulations regarding land disposal, underground storage tanks, facilities siting, and municipal solid waste management.


Aphthous stomatitis can affect up to 60% of the population. The clinical presentation can be similar to other causes of oral ulceration such as Herpes Simplex Virus. As a result, clear indications of each must be diagnosed appropriately. I report a case of a 28-year-old female with oro-genital aphthous stomatitis misdiagnosed with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2. The appropriate workup and treatments for aphthous stomatitis are discussed.


A flexiplastics composite sheet structure especially suitable for the inner decoration of automobiles, ships and buildings is provided, which is formed by the composition of PVC plastic sheets as the surface layer and PVC foamed plastic sheets as the foot layer. The utility model has good performance of heat insulation, sound insulation, shakeproof, anticorrosion and insulation and higher tensile strength and anti-break strength as well as artistic appearance, which is especially suitable for the inner decoration of the advanced cars and the cushions of various cars. Meanwhile, the surface layer is provided with a flatting agent layer and the foot layer bottom surface is provided with a coating layer.


Geographic references that include geographic relations to well known locations are useful for explaining real world information and for knowledge discovery. In order to utilize the spatial characteristics of this information on the web, our research takes advantage of recent developments in the Semantic Web community. To circulate geographically referenced information on the Semantic Web, we have created a geographic ontology for describing them and have implemented two tools, a web service that calculates geographic relations, and a plugin to an open-source GIS that allows us to generate RDF of topological and direction spatial relations among geographic features. This ontology based approach allows us to associate geographically referenced data to any other non-spatial information related to the geographic feature that is expressed on the Semantic Web. These two different approaches to developing geographic references for the Semantic Web have provided us with the opportunity to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each, providing us with direction for future work.


As digital medical imaging becomes more prevalent and archives increase in size, representation learning exposes an interesting opportunity for enhanced medical decision support systems. On the other hand, medical imaging data is often scarce and short on annotations. In this paper, we present an assessment of unsupervised feature learning approaches for images in biomedical literature which can be applied to automatic biomedical concept detection. Six unsupervised representation learning methods were built, including traditional bags of visual words, autoencoders, and generative adversarial networks. Each model was trained, and their respective feature spaces evaluated using images from the ImageCLEF 2017 concept detection task. The highest mean F1 score of 0.108 was obtained using representations from an adversarial autoencoder, which increased to 0.111 when combined with the representations from the sparse denoising autoencoder. We conclude that it is possible to obtain more powerful representations with modern deep learning approaches than with previously popular computer vision methods. The possibility of semi-supervised learning as well as its use in medical information retrieval problems are the next steps to be strongly considered.


In the evolution of carbon dioxide emission intensity, the role of energy intensity or carbonization index is mainly an empirical issue that cannot be resolved with certainty from the experience of a group of countries during a given period of time. The present empirical study reveals that CO2 emission intensity cannot be evaluated unambiguously using either variation in carbon emission factor or energy intensity as the criterion. Different levels of CO2 emission intensities in different regions result from different causes. These include large variation in explanatory factors in the data, the measure of economic output, and structural comparability.


Summary: The working conditions of medical staff in the offices of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with high levels of stationary magnetic fields (SMF) and electromagnetic fields (EMF) of various frequencies and increased work intensity. It can affect cognitive, psychological and hemodynamic changes of the body with health disorders. It requires not only high professional training, but also compliance with safety measures, as well as monitoring of working conditions, health status and carrying out of medical and preventive measures.


To solve the problem of monocular-vision-oriented landmark recognition for mobile intelligent robot,a region growing algorithm based on current maximum convergence center is presented.Several regions of interest(ROI) are detected in segmented image through experiment threshold based on RGB vision model.According to edge contour,landmarks are judged and positioned.Then,this information feedback to the grayscale image,and the whole landmarks are extracted with the second segmentation in local image.Ex-perimental result of natural scenes show that landmarks can be recognized fast and efficiently.


Interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) is considered the key cytokine for inducing T helper type 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, while interferon‐γ and IL‐12 are pivotal cytokines for Th1 immune responses. Paradoxically, IL‐4 has also been demonstrated to enhance IL‐12 production by dendritic cells, suggesting an IL‐4‐dependent regulatory feedback of the Th1/Th2 system. In addition, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a lipid mediator of inflammation, has been implicated in the enhancement of Th2‐type responses acting directly on T and B lymphocytes. PGE2 synthesis is dependent on the serial engagement of various enzymes, among which the inducible cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) exerts a critical role in monocytes and dendritic cells. In this study we demonstrate that IL‐4 inhibits COX‐2 gene expression and consequently prevents secretion of PGE2 by mature human dendritic cells. We also show that PGE2 does not regulate IL‐12 and IL‐10 production by dendritic cells in an autocrine fashion. Hence, we suggest that IL‐4 may exploit an IL‐12‐independent regulatory feedback of the Th1/Th2 system through PGE2 inhibition.


Share Price is a reflection of the successful management of the company. A high share price will provide benefits, namely in the form of capital gains and a better image for the company so that it will attract investors to invest in the company. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence between liquidity, solvency and profitability on stock prices either partially or simultaneously. The research sample taken was 11 companies from a total of 19 plantation subsector companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018 with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. The research method used is descriptive and verification, where descriptive uses descriptive statistics and verification uses multiple linear regression analysis and the coefficient of determination. The results of this study partially Current Ratio has no effect on stock prices, Debt to Equity Ratio has a negative effect on stock prices and Return on Equity has negative effects on stock prices.
Keywords: Stock Price, Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability


Vibration issue of a building structure due to a wind turbine should be resolved for the application of building-augmented wind turbine. In this study, a dynamic analysis for an horizontal-axis upwind wind turbine is carried out to calculate vibration excited to an example building structure. Characteristics of vertical vibration transfer of the building structure are analytically studied and compared with a criteria. Then, a method to isolate the vibration is presented by analyzing the vibration characteristics of the wind turbine, and verified by applying to the building structure.


ABSTRACT Lignin preparation with high yield (85.71%) and purity (96.97%) from wheat straw was obtained by ball milling treatment and direct acidic dioxane extraction. This procedure gives a material that is representative of the whole lignin of wheat straw. The lignin fraction is distinguished by high β-O-4′ structures and small amounts of condensed units (β-5′, 5-5′, and β-1′) enriched in guaiacyl units. p-Coumaric acid is linked to lignin via γ-ester bond and a few ether bonds such as β-O-4′, whereas ferulic acid is linked to lignin by ether bonds, and its dehydrodimers (5-5′/8-O-4′) are also incorporated into lignin polymer.


The present invention provides a superabsorbent composition comprising a second absorbent material, and an elastomer. The superabsorbent composition, one of the second absorbent material, and the elastomer has a two-phase morphology which is dispersed as an aggregate in the other continuous phase material. The superabsorbent compositions have a low glass transition temperature. The superabsorbent composition of the low glass transition temperature due to have a number of advantageous properties. The present invention also discloses a novel cho absorbent particles, fibers, films and film pores. The present invention also discloses personal care products comprising the particles, fibers, films and film pores.


Club drugs present a range of risks similar to the range of psychoactive effects resulting from the use of the substances in this classification. These drugs remain in wide use amongst those in rave and club subcultures. This paper explores a range of risk management practices used by youth who utilize club drugs within rave and club subcultures. Through the use of ethnographic methods during a two-year period of fieldwork, the author collected data on club drug use and risk taking among "Bridge and Tunnel" youth. The resulting paper provides a descriptive typology of a series of risk management practices and explores how these practices are strategically deployed in an effort to maximize enjoyment and minimize danger.


Summary

Gari, a fermented cassava product, is widely consumed in many West African countries. The present study was undertaken to investigate the detoxification of cassava during the preparation of gari. The most important processing stages, with regard to elimination of cyanide, were the initial grating of the cassava and the final roasting of the product. The breakdown of linamarin was dependent primarily on the presence of endogenous linamarase and the lactic acid bacteria present during the fermentation were not directly involved in its hydrolysis.


The methodology proposed is intended to aid in the development of cooperative interactive tools (i.e., those which are natural, helpful, and consistent). Cooperative tools must incorporate knowledge of their own capabilities, limitations, and requirements. This required knowledge of tool functionality is provided by programming the tool in the process script formalism. The process script formalism is a specialized procedural/declarative language for writing tools. The key aspect of the process script specification of a tool is that, besides being executable, process scripts can be analyzed and understood for the purpose of cooperative interaction with the end user. This paper describes the process script formalism and explains its role in the development of a cooperative interactive system.


The invention relates to an overvoltage protection circuit (1) for a first sub-system (T1) of a multi-voltage vehicle electrical system (100). The multi-voltage vehicle electrical system comprises the first sub-system (T1) having a first vehicle electrical system voltage, a second sub-system (T2) having a second vehicle electrical system voltage, and an electric machine (EM) for supplying the second sub-system. The first vehicle electrical system voltage is less than the second vehicle electrical system voltage. The overvoltage protection circuit comprises a first earth connection (KL1) for connecting a common earth potential of the first sub-system (T1), of the second sub-system (T2), and of the electric machine (EM), an additional second earth connection (KL2) for connecting a reference earth potential, and a control connection for controlling the electric machine. The overvoltage protection circuit (1) is designed to check if an earth voltage difference between the first earth connection (KL1) and the second earth connection (KL2) reaches a threshold value and to reduce the second vehicle electrical system voltage if the earth voltage difference between the first earth connection (KL1) and the second earth connection (KL2) reaches the threshold value.


Writing competence is one of base competence in Bahasa Indonesia. The writer found a matter that the students have difficulties to create their language skill in writing. The writer focuses in descriptive writing competence. This research aims to improve the students' achievement in writing competence. It breaks the problem of the students' learning in writing. The writer has taken the "UMPAN IMAJINASI (UMJIN)" method to know how the method is able to increase the students' competence to write in descriptive text and usage of media song for students in grade X in SMA Negeri Kerjo in Karanganyar Regency. The result of this research to elaborate the students' achievement in descriptive writing competence and to see the effect of the students' behaviours in teaching learning process.
This research is an action research involves the students grade X in SMA Negeri Kerjo as subject of research and the researcher is the teacher of Bahasa Indonesia in SMA Negeri Kerjo. This research had done on August to November 2017. It consists of two cycles. Each cycles contains (1) planning of research, (2) action of research, (3) observation and evaluation, and (4) analyse and reflection. The collecting data through writing skill test in descriptive paragraph based on scoring criterion in scoring guidance. This is not only by testing, but also using non-test for collecting data. It consists of observation, interview and questionnaire. To maintain the result of the data, the writer used triangulation and interview for two students and questionnaire for all students. To analyse the data for the result of writing descrition using descriptive statistics, and qualitative analysis for aspects cange in student writing behavior. Data compared to find the percentage of improvement and change.
The writer delivers the result of the research as follows: 1) the average result of descriptive writing test is 62.1 in pre-cycle becomes 65.2 in the first cycle, then becomes 72.22 in the second cycle. It increases 10.76 % after using UMPAN IMAJINASI method through song media; 2) the average result of non-test, it is observation about the students' affectiveness and athusiasment increases 12.5 %, and questionnaire the students' affectiveness and easy way for students in writing increases about 22.5 % after applying UMPAN IMAJINASI method by using song.
Teaching learning process for descriptive writing through UMPAN IMAJINASI by using song for students grade X in SMA Negeri Kerjo, Karanganyar is able to increase students' scoring and changing the students' learning behaviours in descriptive writing skill is more positive.


Microfinance Institutions essentially cater to the financial needs of the under banked small borrowers. This paper attempts to gauge the productive efficiency of these institutions for financial intermediation using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Based on in-depth study of 20 microfinance institutions for 2007-2013 period, it deciphers efficiency both in terms of technical and financial in relative to the constant as well as variable returns to scale. The empirical findings revealed that these institutions were deficient on vital aspects of efficiency. It is also noticed that Sanghamithra Rural Financial Services and Star Microfin Service Society (SMSS) pools apart from the rest as its efficiency was far higher than the sample average. As regards variable returns to scale, the study noted sample micro finance institutions deficient to the extent of 40 percent indicating that technical efficiency deficient was primarily caused by poor financial intermediation for input resource allocation and far below optimum operation of these institutions. In view of this, the study opines that these institutions needed to reduce operation cost and focus more on revenue magnification thus to increase the productive efficiency of the employees.


PurposeThe current paper extends previous studies on the match between CEO and firm and explores whether certain characteristics of young CEOs make them more desirable to young firms. Results in this paper will provide useful information to startup companies when they need to find managers leading the firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study use a large sample of panel regression to study the match between CEOs and firm via a difference-in-differences approach.FindingsThe author finds that young firms hire a disproportionately higher percentage of young CEOs than established firms. Young firms led by young CEOs exhibit higher growth rates in sales and assets and invest more in capital expenditure and R&D activities than similar firms led by older CEOs. Young CEOs in young firms also receive higher compensation than both older CEOs working in young firms and young CEOs working in established firms.Originality/valueThere are many studies examining how CEO age affect their decision-making process. There are also many studies examining the differences between young firms and established firms. However, there is no study so far examining the intersection of the two questions above. Specifically, whether the differences between young vs established firms make certain characteristics of young CEOs beneficial to young firms.


Propensity to develop acute functional (or within session) tolerance to alcohol (ethanol) may influence the amount of alcohol consumed, with higher drinking associated with greater acute functional tolerance (AFT). The goal of the current study was to assess this potential correlated response in second and third replicate lines of mice selectively bred for high (HAP2&3) and low (LAP2&3) alcohol preference drinking. We predicted that HAP mice would develop greater AFT to alcohol's ataxic actions than LAP mice. Male and female HAP2&3 and LAP2&3 mice were tested for development of AFT on a static dowel task. This task requires that animals maintain balance on a wooden dowel in order to prevent falling. On test day, each mouse received one (1.75g/kg; experiment 1) or two (1.75g/kg and 2.0g/kg; experiment 2) injections of ethanol; an initial administration before being placed on the dowel and in another experiment, an additional administration after the first regain of balance on the dowel. Blood samples were taken immediately after loss of balance and regain in Experiment, 1 and after first and second regain in Experiment 2. It was found that HAP mice fell from the dowel significantly earlier and at lower BACs than LAP mice following the initial injection of ethanol and were therefore more sensitive. Furthermore, the single-injection experiment detected significantly greater AFT development (BAC2-BAC1) in HAP mice as compared to LAP mice, supporting our hypothesis. This study illustrates the rapidity with which adaptive pharmacodynamic processes can take place which may contribute to excessive alcohol consumption.


During geometry processing, tangent directions at the data points are frequently readily available from the computation process that generates the points. It is desirable to utilize this information to improve the accuracy of curve fitting and to improve data reduction. This paper presents a curve fitting method which utilizes both position and tangent direction data. This method produces G(exp 1) non-rational B-spline curves. From the examples, the method demonstrates very good data reduction rates while maintaining high accuracy in both position and tangent direction.


Abstract Researchers have investigated the impact of various factors on customers' online shopping behaviors. What is not yet clear is the influence of customers' pandemic concerns on their purchase intentions and purchasing behaviors. This study, based on a survey of 520 online customers in Turkey, aimed to investigate pandemic-related concerns on customers' purchase intentions. We analyzed its role on customer segmentation. We extended the theory of planned behavior by introducing the impact customers' pandemic concerns. Testing the hypotheses with partial least squares, the results indicated that customers' pandemic concerns had an impact on their purchase intentions. We also discovered three customer segments by using psychographic variables obtained from hypotheses testing. Pandemic-related concerns were revealed a determinant in customer segmentation. We provided an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of customer segmentation and customers' online shopping manners.


Thedesign,setup,andperformanceofamassspectrometric system for the analysis of noble gas isotopes ( 3 He, 4 He, 20 Ne, 21 Ne, 22 Ne, 36 Ar, 40 Ar, 84 Kr, 136 Xe) and tritium ( 3 H) from water samples are described. The 3 H concentration is measured indirectly by the 3 He ingrowth from radioactive decay. After extraction, purification, and separation, the noble gases are measured in two noncommercial double-collector 90 (cid:176) magnetic sector mass spectrometers. We present a new approach for the analysis of the heavy noble gas isotopes that enables, in principle, simultaneous measurement of Ar, Kr, and Xe. Typical precisions of the measurements of 3 H, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe concentrations are ( 2.7%, ( 0.3%, ( 0.9%, ( 0.3%, ( 0.8%, and ( 1.0%, respectively. For the isotopic ratios 3 He/ 4 He, 20 Ne/ 22 Ne, and 40 Ar/ 36 Ar the typical precisions are ( 0.7%, ( 0.3%, and ( 0.2%. These values express the reproducibility of the measurement of an internal freshwater standard and include the overall stability of the system as well as of the


Disordered eating and body image issues are prevalent problems among female college students. First semester freshman women completed a short-term longitudinal study that spanned from the beginning of the semester to approximately half-way through the semester. The study examined the impact that neuroticism and self-esteem, individually and in interaction with rushing a sorority, had on disordered eating patterns during the transition to college. Crosssectional results suggest that disordered eating was positively associated with neuroticism and negatively associated with self-esteem. Additionally, women who chose to rush a sorority reported significantly higher scores for eating disorder symptoms at baseline assessment relative to women who did not rush; sorority involvement, however, did not moderate the associations between neuroticism and self-esteem and eating disorder symptoms. Neither neuroticism nor self-esteem were associated with changes in eating disorder symptoms, and sorority involvement was not a significant moderator of these longitudinal associations. Despite the finding that there were no significant mean changes in disordered eating symptoms from baseline to follow-up, about 1 out of 4 women in the sample population demonstrated changes in symptoms during this short longitudinal period that were greater than what would be expected by chance. Future studies should examine other risk factors that are associated with increases in eating disorder symptoms for this vulnerable population in addition to evaluating possible resilience factors that are associated with decreases in eating disorder symptoms.


In this paper, I explore the social dimensions of sleep as it relates to high-tech work and its cultural contexts. I discuss the implications of sleep, and its cultural vilification, for the families of high-tech professionals. In particular, I develop the notion of sleep as care, and of women as (still) the de facto care givers, and the ways in which these two persisting social facts interact with sleep's denigration in the high-tech social world. I consider the emerging trend of what proponents call 'co-sleeping' in light of these concepts. My aim here is to develop a working theory of sleep as cultural venue for gendered expressions about autonomy, dependence, care, and need within a context of corporate capitalism in general, and information technology in particular.


The effects of proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori infection on the distribution of drugs used for the eradication of the bacteria are poorly understood.


"Museums and Photography adopts a strong theoretical approach in an in-depth investigation of the distinct approaches that different museums employ in displaying photographs of death, considering a broad range of anthropology, history, art, ...


The laminate of the present invention between the support the supported substrate and the supported adhesive layer which is formed on the surface on the side that is supported by the support of the substrate, the support and the supported substrate by the light-transmitting support, a support formed and, provided with a separating layer that contains a polymer which contains a structure that has a light-absorbing in the repeating unit, the polymer is adapted to be altered by absorbing the light irradiated via the substrate.


This paper shows how a graphic processing of low-noise HEMT's small signal parameters, allows evaluating and comparing the actual performance obtainable in front-end applications. HEMT's tradeoff charts which solve tradeoffs among the basic low-noise amplifier performance are reported. Figures of merit for microwave low-noise HEMT which represent a fast way of evaluating HEMT in actual working conditions and of selecting the proper transistor, are defined. As an example, the tradeoff charts and the figures of merit of two HEMT's (Fujitsu FHR02FH, Sony 2SK677) and a pseudomorphic-HEMT (Celeritek CFB001-03) are reported and compared with the data sheets. >


ABSTRACT Introduction: The incidence of birth defects is 2-3% in the genera! population but it is increasing. An estimated 303,000 newborns die within 4 weeks of birth every year, worldwide, due to congenital anomalies. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of birth defects among newborns in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Obstetrics and the Gynaecology and Department of Paediatrics from 15 June 2016 and 14 June 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 142/077/078-IRC). Data of newborns were collected from the hospital records. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 99% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 32,695 newborns, birth defects were seen in 169 (0.51%) (0.41-0.61, 99% Confidence Interval). The most common birth defect was musculoskeletal defects seen in 60 (35.50%) newborns followed by central nervous system defect seen in 30 (17.75%) newborns. Conclusions: The prevalence of birth defects among newborns was lower than in other studies done in a similar setting.


The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Levels of Lifestyle Activity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults by Michael D. Gatson MSW, Grambling State University, 2007 BS, Northwestern State University, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology


Gay and bisexual boys in high school receive less HIV education than their peers although they are at a higher risk of HIV infection, a new study finds.


The reticulin stain is performed on bone biopsy sections for detecting the presence, assessing the severity and identifying specific disease-related reticulin deposition patterns in various haematological disorders. The value of this stain in detecting a hitherto unsuspected fungal infection is highlighted in the case described. A 21-year-old female presented with a 1-month history of fever and joint pains, with the recent onset of dyspnoea on exertion and palpitations. She had pallor, oral ulceration and mild splenomegaly. Renal sonography showed bilaterally enlarged kidneys with infarcts. There was normocytic normochromic anaemia, but the platelet and leucocyte counts were preserved. Occasional circulating atypical cells prompted a bone marrow examination. The marrow was hypercellular with diffuse replacement of the marrow spaces by a monomorphic population of immature lymphoid cells. In addition, there were a few paler stained areas, which looked like macrophage aggregates (top left). Corresponding areas examined on the reticulin stain showed characteristic budding and yeast forms of cryptococci (top right). A careful review of the haematoxylin and eosin preparation revealed the pale, translucent profiles of cryptococci within the macrophages. These were further confirmed on an Alcian blue stain (bottom). In the absence of either peripheral or central lymphadenopathy, the possibility of renal lymphoma with bone marrow infiltration and disseminated cryptococcal infection was suggested. Renal biopsy showed a high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, positive for CD20. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology was negative. The patient was started on antifungal therapy, but succumbed to her illness before chemotherapy could be initiated. An autopsy confirmed bilateral renal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with reactive changes in the lymph nodes and disseminated cryptococcal infection.


GEF is one of the primary frameworks at the Eclipse platform.Its design pattern may be greatly helpful to support visualization design.As a leading technology for the development of rich clients,Flex shows a significant advantage on graphical front-end design.This paper gives a brief introduction to Flex,and then simulates Eclipse GEF to design a lightweight Flex GEF framework using Flex technology.Further,the design ideas and expandability of the proposed framework are depicted in detail.Finally,application of Flex GEF framework to process designer is shown as a typical example.


Steep-slope MoS2 NC-FETs with ferroelectric HZO and internal metal gate in the gate dielectric stack are demonstrated. SS less than 50 mV/dec is obtained for both forward and reverse gate voltage sweeps, with minimum SSfor = 37.6 mV/dec and minimum SSRev = 42.2 mV/dec. A second minimum of SSrev as low as 8.3 mV/dec can be measured as the result of dynamic switching at high speed in ferroelectric HZO. The impact of parasitic capacitance on SS and dynamic hysteresis is systematically studied by both experiment and dynamic simulation.


PURPOSE:To expand the operation conditions which can detect abnormality of an EGR device and improve detection precision so that the condition of deterioration of EGR device can be detected accurately. CONSTITUTION:A combustion condition detection means 1 which detects the combustion condition of engine and a standard combustion condition storage means 2 which stores the standard combustion condition per operation condition of engine are provide. The detected combustion condition and the standard combustion condition which is stored in correspondence to the operation condition of engine at that time are compared by a comparison means 3, and abnormality of EGR is judged by an EGR abnormality judgement means 4 based on the result of comparison.


Historical timeline Map of Greece Preface Introduction: Men, Death, and the Meaning of Life Chapter One: Young Men Chapter Two: Men and Women Chapter Three: Men and War Chapter Four: Men, Gods, and Fate Chapter Five: Old Men Afterword Further Reading


It is a great pleasure and an honour to be writing for the fortieth anniversary volume of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies . As editor of the journal for some twenty years, from 1984 until 2004, I have watched the journal grow in stature and in esteem over that period, and I am delighted to see it continuing to do so in the hands of its current editors. In the first issue I edited, I also contributed an article that attempted to reconcile some very different approaches to the history of Byzantine society and culture, or at least, to show that such different approaches were not necessarily mutually exclusive. If now rather out-of-date in its content, that article remains a useful baseline for discussing the relationship between empirical research and writing and theoretical reflection. '"Jargon" vs. "the facts"'? was a comment about the confrontation that at the time appeared to exist between, very broadly speaking, those who were interested in questioning the theoretical assumptions underlying and informing their research, and those who were not interested in such debates, preferring to see them either as irrelevant or as inaccessible. In my concluding remarks, I suggested that Byzantine Studies in the mid-1980s was in the process of what T. S. Kuhn would have called a 'paradigm shift', that is to say, a process through which a traditional set (or sets) of assumptions and priorities, as well as theories and approaches, is replaced by different sets of ideas. While the changes in the nature of the subject that have occurred since then have not been particularly marked, there have nevertheless been some interesting and important developments that have altered the framework within which some ways of looking at the medieval eastern Roman world are carried on. The so-called 'linguistic turn', for example, pushed Byzantinists, in particular, scholars of Byzantine literature and visual culture, to grapple with various aspects of what might very broadly be termed post-modernist and post-structuralist theory. This is evident in some of the writing and publishing of the later 1980s and 1990s in particular, and in some respects has now been incorporated into our 'ways of seeing' the Byzantine world. 2 In particular issues of intertextuality, of authorial intention, of reception, and of the relativizing of cultural interpretive possibilities (in respect of our own perspective) have become part and parcel of scholarly discourse, thus greatly enriching our discipline. 3 Represented by more recent work in literary studies and art history especially, I believe this shift also facilitated a much greater degree of cross-disciplinary reading, comparative thinking, and in respect of historical context and setting, a generally more open approach to the medieval west and the Islamic world in terms of both material and method. 4


Principles that govern protein folding still remain elusive. Given the huge sequence space, it is reasonable to assume that sequences follow a particular pattern to attain one of the folds already defined in the relatively small structural space. In this study, we have used protein structure networks at different interaction strengths of non-covalent interactions (Imin) (Brinda & Vishveshwara, 2005; Kannan & Vishveshwara, 1999), to identify patterns that can distinguish a native protein from decoy/modelled structures. This is a rigorous extension of an earlier study performed at Imin ⩾ 0% (Chatterjee, Bhattacharyya et al., 2012). Network properties such as the size of the largest cluster (SLClu), largest k-2 communities (ComSk2) and clustering coefficients (CCoe) are analysed for 5422 native structures and 29543 decoy/modelled structures. Steeper transition profile of the native structures as a function of Imin is consistently observed (see Figure) . The network properties generated at different Imin and main-chain hydrogen bonds (MHB) are integrated into support vector machine to build a classifier, giving an accuracy of 94.11%. The uniqueness of the protein structures through side-chain interactions are captured by the network parameters, while MHB represents the backbone packing. Quality predictions for the recently concluded CASP 10 predicted models are also performed using the model with the selected ones showing RMSD values < 2.5 Å with respect to the native structures. Amongst the network properties, ComSk2 is maximally able to capture the transition properties of the structures. Importance of ComSk2 has earlier been implicated to capture the percolating behaviour of a protein structure (Deb & Vishveshwara, 2009). Overall, a robust classifier is obtained, and patterns specific to native structures have been analysed and discussed. The study highlights the importance of side-chain interactions at different Imins, along with backbone level interactions.


The photochemical and luminescence behavior of the orthometalated Pt(thpy)/sub 2/ complex, where thpy/sup -/ is the ortho-C-deprotonated form of 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine, has been studied under a variety of experimental conditions, and the mechanisms of the excited-state reactions and of the subsequent thermal processes are discussed. In degassed CH/sub 3/CN the complex is not photosensitive and exhibits luminescence from the lowest triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (/sup 3/MLCT) excited state with phi/sub em/ = 0.26 and tau = 2.4 ..mu..s. In CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/, CHCl/sub 3/, or CH/sub 3/CN/CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ solvents, the complex maintains its luminescent properties and undergoes a photooxidative addition reaction with formation of Pt(thpy)/sub 2/(Cl)(R) (R = CH/sub 2/Cl or CHCl/sub 2/) as the sole observed product. In the mixed solvent, the quantum yield of the photoreaction increases with increasing CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ concentration. In neat CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/, the quantum yield of the photoreaction is 0.30 and 0.10 for 313- and 430-nm excitation, respectively. In CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/, complete quenching of the luminescent /sup 3/MLCT excited state by anthracene via an energy-transfer mechanism is accompanied by only partial quenching of the photoreaction. By contrast, oxygen is a better quencher for the photoreaction than for the luminescence emission. In bothmore » cases the fraction of quenched reaction depends on the excitation wavelength.« less


Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casellc-o1 was Incorporated Into non-dairy ice cream with stress adaptation treatment at various temperatures and duration
prior to frozen storage at -20°C which was found to have obvious effect on their survival. It was found out that the survival rate of probiotic subjected to cold
stress adaptation treatment at 25°C for 4 hours increased nearly 50% compared with control. However, at a longer duration (30 hours), cell grows at stress adaptation treatment involved slow Cooling from 35°C to 15°C exhibited better survival (97%,) after 1 month -20ÂoC frozen storage. Besides, cell subjected to stress adaptation treatment is more metabolically active than non-adapted cell.
Probiotic bacteria could act as stabilizer to Improve physicochemical properties of non-dairy ice cream. Threonine, tyrosine, cysteine, phenylalanine and isoleucinewere only detected in cell subjected to 4 hours cold stress adaptation at 25 ÂoC compared with control and the rest of treatments Indicate an induction of cold shock proteins. Sensory properties of non-dairy ice cream were overall good if compared with dairy Ice cream and can be accepted by consumers. Further studies are needed to evaluate the protection effect of stress adaptation on the probiotic survival in gastrointestinal tract.


The concepts of the lower approximation integral, the upper approximation integral and rough integrals are given on the basis of function rough sets. Based on these concepts, the relation of the lower approximation integrals, the relation of the upper approximation integrals, the relation of rough integrals, and the double median theorem of rough integrals are discussed. Rough integrals have finite contraction characteristic and finite extension characteristic. Application is presented in research of teaching quality dynamic evaluation.


Languages that integrate functional and logic programming with a complete operational semantics are based on narrowing, a unification-based goal-solving mechanism which subsumes the reduction principle of functional languages and the resolution principle of logic languages. In this article, we present a partial evaluation scheme for functional logic languages based on an automatic unfolding algorithm which builds narrowing trees. The method is formalized within the theoretical framework established by Lloyd and Shepherdson for the partial deduction of logic programs, which we have generalized for dealing with functional computations. A generic specialization algorithm is proposed which does not depend on the eager or lazy nature of the narrower being used. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first generic algorithm for the specialization of functional logic programs. We also discuss the relation to work on partial evaluation in functional programming, term-rewriting systems, and logic programming. Finally, we present some experimental results with an implementation of the algorithm which show in practice that the narrowing-driven partial evaluator effectively combines the propagation of partial data structures (by means of logical variables and unification) with better opportunities for optimization (thanks to the functional dimension).


Driven by the goal of studying the temperature changes in the nozzle and equipment cabin of solid rocket motor during the whole process of ignition starting, working, cooling and decompression, this paper uses the fluid dynamics software which uses the RNG k-ε turbulence model to simulate the mixing of the fuel and oxidant and the Sutherland law to describe the viscosity of gas and air, and the controlling equation is the two-dimensional axisymmetric viscous compressible URANS equation. In this paper, the temperature field of the nozzle and equipment cabin in the working process of solid rocket motor during 0 ∼ 60s is numerically simulated, and the ground experiment is carried out. The results show that (1) the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the ground test results, and the absolute value of the maximum error appears at the time of 60s, which is 5.9k. indicating that the numerical calculation method and heat source equivalent method established in this paper are suitable for the temperature field simulation of composite structure nozzle and equipment cabin, (2) the unsmooth surface of the nozzle formed by high temperature ablation makes the flow situation in the divergent section of the nozzle complex and affects the heat transfer coefficient of the wall contacting with the equipment cabin, (3) due to the insulation design of the equipment cabin, only a small part of the heat is transferred to the equipment cabin. During the whole working process of solid rocket motor, the temperature field of equipment cabin increases sharply at both ends and gently in the middle.


The recent area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has brought new challenges to developers of network protocols. One of these challenges consists of maintaining the coverage of the monitoring area and the connectivity between the network nodes, preferably accomplishing the management of the network resources. This problem can be modeled as a Mathematical Programming problem, but it requires a hard computational effort and, since the WSNs may be very dynamic, any slow management decision can lead to serious problems. In this work, the problem was decomposed into two sub-problems and solved by a hybrid approach, which consists of two phases: a genetic algorithm and a local search based on two classical graph algorithms.


In this paper, a space-time, block-coded (STBC) multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) system in multipath fading channel is proposed, and the performance of the system is analyzed. The corresponding bit error rate (BER) expression is derived for asynchronous uplink using maximum ratio combining (MRC). The BER numerical results show that the better performance of the STBC-MC-CDMA system can be achieved with two receive antennas.


Traditionally, high energy x rays are notoriously hard to focus for imaging purposes due to an extremely low degree of refraction in solids. Using a device composed of many small adjacent lenses (a Compound Refractive Lens, or " CRL ") it is possible to achieve images with much better resolution than current methods of high-energy x-ray imaging such as pinhole cameras. The literature shows potential resolutions of 1-2 µm for a CRL x-ray lens. An image resolution of smaller than 5 microns would allow accurate imaging of the 20-50 micron core of fusion implosions in the Omega laser system. A commercial compound refractive lens has been purchased and analyzed experimentally for image resolution and quality. Preliminary data has suggested that with proper alignment and focus, resolutions of 6.8 +/-1.5 microns or better are possible. As long as no significant spherical or chromatic aberrations appear, this data would encourage future research into implementing CRL technology into existing Omega camera mounts.


Bacteriophages and bacterial biofilms are widely present in natural environments, a fact that has accelerated the evolution of phages and their bacterial hosts in these particular niches. Phage-host interactions in biofilm communities are rather complex, where phages are not always merely predators but also can establish symbiotic relationships that induce and strengthen biofilms. In this review we provide an overview of the main features affecting phage-biofilm interactions as well as the currently available methods of studying these interactions. In addition, we address the applications of phages for biofilm control in different contexts. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 8 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


Voltage multipliers (VMs) are widely used not only in high voltage gain rectifier applications but also some traditional dc/dc converters to improve voltage conversion ratio. However, as the fixed number of its input-terminals, it is hard to traditional VM circuits to make a balance between the voltage and current stress on capacitors. In order to address such drawback of traditional VMs, a multiple input-terminal VM (MIVM) circuit is presented in this paper. The design flexibility of the proposed MIVM is better than traditional VMs. Analysis of the operation principles and the performance characteristics of the proposed MIVM circuit are presented in detail. And the efficacy of the theoretical analysis is validated experimentally.


Indonesia is in the world 1 st rank for the number of male smokers over the age of 15 years. It......


Under the background of popularization of higher education,local universities should base on the need of local economic and social development and students' employment under the idea of "finding the path from the exit backward",taking "localization" and "internationalization" as starting point,centering on the aim of training applied talents,guided by the direction of students' employment to reestablish curriculum system which can embody applied-talent cultivating based on the correlation degree of curriculum and students' employment and the curriculum design of overseas universities.


We study the influence of different kinds of gaps in a quasiparticle spectrum on longitudinal and transverse optical conductivities of bilayer graphene. An exact analytical expression for magneto-optical conductivity is derived using a low-energy two-band Hamiltonian. We consider how the layer asymmetry gap caused by a bias electric field and a time-reversal symmetry breaking gap affect the absorption lines. The limit of zero magnetic field is then analyzed for an arbitrary carrier density in the two-band model. For a neutral bilayer graphene, the optical Hall and longitudinal conductivities are calculated exactly in the four-band model with four different gaps and zero magnetic field. It is shown that two different time-reversal symmetry breaking states can be distinguished by analyzing the dependence of the optical Hall conductivity on the energy of photon. These time-reversal symmetry breaking states are expected to be observed experimentally via optical polarization rotation either in the Faraday or Kerr effects. We analyze a possibility of such an experiment for a free-standing graphene, graphene on a thick substrate, and graphene on a double-layer substrate.


To present anatomic variants of the fetal brain and artifacts related to scanning techniques that could be misinterpreted as abnormalities on prenatal neurosonographic studies.


Photo by Joshua J. Cotten on Unsplash
INTRODUCTION
On the Louisiana coast, erosion and flooding threaten the survival of the indigenous villages of Pointe-au-Chien and Isle de Jean Charles. Oil companies have submerged the bayou by cutting canals through the land, causing erosion, saltwater intrusion, and sea level rise.[1] Additionally, the fuel these companies produce contributes to climate change, which causes an even greater rise in sea levels. The presence of the oil industry also hurts the shrimp and fish industries, which are critical to indigenous culture. Eventually, climate change will make the Louisiana coast uninhabitable.[2] Displacement has already begun on Isle de Jean Charles: there were 78 homes on the island in 2002 but only 25 in 2012.[3] Some call it migration, which implies an intentional decision. Displacement reflects the reality that these people are relocating as a last resort. Displacement can also be more than just physical. People living in an environment that is "drastically altered and degraded" can experience the same stress and risks as those who are physically relocated.[4] The coastal tribes (Pointe-au-Chien Indian Tribe and Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Indians) face an uphill battle in the effort to keep community members safe from flooding without sacrificing the culture that is so tied to this land. However, moving to a place free from climate disasters is not necessarily safer for the community if it destroys the culture; therefore, we need to redefine safety. In this paper, I will address the plans currently underway to solve these problems and explain the steps we need to take to keep these communities safe from flooding while preventing cultural loss.
I.     Current Perspectives
There are disagreements among scholars and journalists on how to best approach climate displacement, the forced migration caused by climate change, in Louisiana. Jake Bittle, author of The Great Displacement: Climate Change and the Next American Migration, thinks that displacement is inevitable and that we should not subsidize families living in risky places through affordable flood insurance. Instead, the United States should focus on helping people relocate by making it easier for people in dangerous locations to find and pay for housing in safer places.[5] While the cultural extinction of tribes on the Louisiana coast devastates Bittle, he accepts it. His proposed solutions focus more on protecting people from danger because he thinks cultural extinction will be hard to avoid. He sees a future in which coastal Louisiana is unlivable and such environmental circumstances will force community members to disperse. Others argue that affordable flood insurance near the coast is vital for families who decide to stay put and keep their community together as long as possible. High insurance prices would displace locals regardless of the success of restoration efforts.[6] Many residents agree. They take pride in being adaptable and overcoming challenges. Resilience, the ability to respond to stress and maintain system identity and function, is important to the people living on the Louisiana coast.[7] After Hurricane Katrina, many households have kept only what they need in their home and are ready to rebuild and stay in place after a storm.[8] However, environmental changes are becoming more rapid. Storms and floods will become more frequent and severe until the coast is no longer livable.
II.     Approaches
As solutions attempt to balance safety from floods with holding a culture together, it is crucial that indigenous community members are involved in decision making. When governments use cost-benefit analysis to decide on solutions and where to prioritize protection, they often neglect culture and underestimate the downsides of moving inland.[9] Working with native groups to understand their priorities is important. The United States has a history of forced relocation of indigenous groups. The 1830 Indian Removal Act forced five Native American tribes in the Southeast to move to what is now Oklahoma. Isle de Jean Charles is the result of the Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Indians escaping that move.
Forced removals are a violation of human rights. Indian removal in the 1800s involved death and cruelty, and it was difficult for communities to thrive in a new place after displacement. We need to ensure nothing resembling forced removal occurs again. Migration must happen only if the indigenous communities feel it is best for them.
As long as indigenous communities are empowered to choose their path, the government must play a pivotal role in aiding adaptation and relocation. We need a government agency dedicated to the issue of climate displacement.[10] Currently, most funding comes after a specific disaster such as a hurricane. There is less funding to help communities facing more gradual forms of climate change like rising sea levels and coastal erosion. The Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act should give the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) a greater ability to deal with "slow, ongoing climate-induced environmental changes."[11] The legislation requires a presidential disaster declaration for federal funds to be used toward disaster recovery and hazard mitigation efforts.[12] Much more federal assistance is available for immediate threats than for communities suffering from slow changes. Federal support should put as much effort towards assisting relocation as is put towards rebuilding.
Government-assisted relocation is not without precedent. Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Resettlement Administration, one of the public programs he enacted during the New Deal in the 1930s, which relocated struggling families to neighborhoods planned by the federal government. Agencies can apply the same principles to help families whose neighborhoods are being lost to rising sea levels.
FEMA has started to include the possibility for community relocation in its plans, but the current process has flaws. In August of 2022, the federal government created a Community-Driven Relocation Subcommittee led by FEMA and the U.S. Department of the Interior. The goal of this subcommittee is to connect communities that want to relocate with the resources available to them. The program is voluntary and supports groups that want to move to a safer place or whose habitat has become unlivable. With that said, the government does not always meet the communities' needs. The Isle de Jean Charles Resettlement Project, for example, chose a new site that "lacked direct access to the water that had sustained the island tribe for generations."[13] When movement becomes necessary, preventing cultural extinction is difficult. Additionally, some fear that the local government will allow the newly uninhabited land to be used for tourism.[14] The government encouraging a native tribe to move out for the sake of increasing tourism on the coast would show a lack of integrity, but there is no problem if the move is voluntary and the government has no ulterior motives.
The government needs to dedicate resources to helping tribal communities, either by helping them find a way to keep living in their current locations and adapt to the changing landscape or by helping them relocate to a new location. The state of Louisiana is expecting Isle de Jean Charles to be gone by 2050, and Pointe-au-Chien will be underwater not long after that.[15] Whatever these communities choose in the short term, they will eventually need to find a new place to live. The sooner they start planning for that transition, the smoother it will be. Continuously rebuilding after storms puts a strain on our public resources. The more people that live in places susceptible to dangerous hurricanes, the less aid will be available to each family. However, the strain on the system is worth it because of the value of keeping a culture together. Displacement is unavoidable in the long term. The end goal for these communities is to keep their culture alive as they transition to a new space, which is tough due to their connection to the land.
Certain overarching guidelines for climate relocation will give these tribes a better chance of both upholding culture and staying safe from coastal erosion. The fundamental principle is self-determination, meaning that the community can freely develop their culture and make their own decisions about internal governance. It is important that community members lead the relocation process. When they move, indigenous communities need the "right to safe and sanitary housing, potable water, education, and other basic amenities."[16] Managing movement in a way that listens to the needs of indigenous groups will help minimize cultural loss, but the connection to the specific place makes migration a threat to the culture. Many people living in native tribes on the Louisiana coast have a strong attachment to their village, so resettlement will hurt the community. The tribes have spent years developing skills and knowledge specifically tied to the place they live, such as tailored fishing and shrimping practices.[17] At some point, displacement will become obligatory, and they will lose some history and culture, but collaboration between the government and communities can lessen the downsides of relocation to safer land.
As an alternative to community wide resettlement, the government could also help individual families looking to move to a safer place. For people to move to places less affected by climate change, affordable housing must be available. Tax credits for people starting mortgages in new cities are one way to provide post-disaster aid.[18] More funding for housing vouchers would help people find places to rent in safe locations in Louisiana or other states. Expanding affordable housing in major cities would create an attractive option for people that need to leave the coast. This solution has drawbacks, as a city is a stark diff


A new traffic-balanced adaptive routing algorithm is proposed for 2-dimensional torus with only four virtual channels, the deadlock avoidance technique is presented based on two levels odd-even turn model scheme. Unlike the previous virtual network routing schemes, virtual channel resource are not equally distributed to the packets, the new method allows all packets have the equal chances to share the virtual network resource according to the new odd-even turn model. The routing scheme which not only improves the routing adaptability, increases the virtual channel utilization, but also achieves load balancing and greatly raises the system throughput. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by comparing with several important previous methods.


Information retrieval is concerned with representing content in a form that can be easily accessed by users with information needs [61, 651. A definition at this level of generality applies equally well to any index-based retrieval system or database application; so let us focus the topic a little more carefully. Information retrieval, as a field, works primarily with highly unstructured content, such as text documents written in natural language; it deals with information needs that are generally not formulated according to precise specifications; and its criteria for success are based in large part on the demands of a diverse set of human users. Our purpose in this short article is not to provide a survey of the field of information retrieval for this we refer the reader to texts and surveys such as [25, 29, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 701. Rather, we wish to discuss some specific applications of techniques from linear algebra to information retrieval and hypertext analysis. In particular, we focus on spectral methods the use of eigenvectors and singular vectors of matrices and their role in these areas. After briefly introducing the use of vector-space models in information retrieval [52, 651, we describe the application of the singular value decomposition to dimensionreduction, through the Latent Semantic Indexing technique [14]. We contrast this with several other approaches to clustering and dimension-reduction based on vector-space models.


Since March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, with a series of confirmed cases that currently exceeded 300,000 people worldwide and with approximately 14,500 deaths. Accumulated evidence suggests that a subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 could have a dysregulation of the immune response that allows the development of viral hyperinflammation. Thus, all patients with severe COVID-19 should be screened for hyperinflammation using laboratory parameters in order to improve mortality. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) are established inflammation markers that reflect systemic inflammatory response, and both are available in almost all laboratories. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether NLR and LCR values can help predict clinical severity in patients with COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


1. Somalian populations of the intertidal gastropod Nerita textilis Gmelin show a vertical separation between resting (mid-upper eulittoral) and feeding (lower eulittoral) zone. During high tides and mostly diurnal low tides some snails remain scattered (SF), while other form aggregations (AF) at lower levels of the rocky shore. During the mostly nocturnal low tides both SF and AF migrate downward to feed on microalgae. 2. Lower and upper aggregations are mostly frequented around neap (NT) and spring tides (ST), respectively. Clustering significantly reduces the exposure to waves during high tide, and probably overheating and dehydration during diurnal low tide. 3. About 90 percent of the total population enters into the cluster system throughout each NT-ST-NT cycle. Clustering begins to increase at NT and falls at ST, reaching a maximum (52 percent of the population) between NT and ST. The relative frequency of transition between SF and AF shows a spike after NT and falls after ST. The inverse transition (AF to SF) is negatively correlated to the amount of AF. 4. Return to the original cluster after one feeding excursion is high (76 percent) and decreases slightly at increasing intervals (about 40 percent after 14 feeding migrations), but it becomes significantly lower after one or more rest phases spent in SF. 5. The field study suggests that the periodical (NT) increase in density at the lower rest-zone (tide-pools belt), long-lasting chemical marking of collective rest sites and releasing mucus trails during feeding excursions cause the clustering. According to this hypothesis, a primer group stops at each aggregation site at NT, mostly returning to it by self-trailing after each feeding migration, while the progressive recruitment of snails from SF is caused by the interindividual trail-following during the return migration from the feeding ground. 8. The same model can explain the clustering behaviour of other intertidal gastropods, though the importance of the different parameters (periodical variation in zonation, marking of rest places, trail-following) probably vary among the different species.


ABSTRACT IT is the information in government/public policy and technological trends in the industry's R&D has a direct impact on its investment decision making of the very important information. Due to the nature of the information in this technical trend because essential information on open public data the technology by government departments and public institutions that are responsible for producing, on an ongoing basis. In this paper, it was confirmed through the experiment that the method and the possibility to integrate the technology trend information provided by the various agencies can be diagnosed as a maturity level. Also we propose a data collection and processing, storage, optimized service for technical maturity of diagnostic methods. The proposed method determines the overall system configuration and service data ITFIND overall maturity level diagnosis is enabled by leveraging the collected. In addition, through the compensation is considered to be able to proceed to a more accurate diagnostic level.


Cancer control treatments are aimed at prolonging patient survival, but they also trigger inevitable and irreversible side effects, often infectious in nature, complicating the prognosis of the oncological disease. These include the pathogenic behavior of Candida, with Albicans being its most common species in the oral mucosa. Albicans is considered a commensal fungus that, as a result of the neutropenia resulting from antineoplastic therapies, behaves as an opportunistic entity causing candidiasis. This fungal infection has aggravating factors for the patient, such as xerostomia and hyposalivation, infections like dental caries, and other factors such as improper oral hygiene. Several consulted authors highlight the presence of Candida, its different species and oral candidiasis as a microorganism and classic opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients, and even more in those subjected to antineoplastic treatments. The aim of this review is to describe the pathogenic behavior of Candida in the oral mucosa of patients under antineoplastic treatments.


Based on LOS method ,combined with DSMC, the particle clouds movement model and the optical radiation transmission model were established, the dynamic radiation performance and transmittance of particle clouds in space within medium wave and long wave were analyzed accordingly, the results showed that the heat flux in space has a certain influence on the particle clouds radiation, but not on the extinction obviously; when the number density of particle clouds was greater than 1x107 , the transmittance of particle clouds in medium wave and long wave was less than 10%.


The birch trees were there, thick, to hide the clinic where a young woman, ill from loving life too much, hung in the balance between all and nothingness, bored. A cricket was singing, fitting perfectly with the amenities of the place, in unison with the cuckoo that you had heard in Indonesia, at a smaller cost. The birch trees were there; also a Swiss nurse, three or four half-wits in the courtyard, a picture book of exotic birds on the table, the telephone, and a few chocolates. I too was there, of course, with a bunch of other bores trying to cheer you up, though it was clear that it was you who would lavish comfort on us if only we could use our eyes. I could.


An irradiation test of a nuclear fuel rod having a external and an internal tube structure was planned for a performance. To establish fabrication process satisfying the requirements of irradiation test, micro-GTA welding system for fuel rods was developed, and preliminary welding experiments for optimizing process conditions of fuel rod was performed. Fuel rods with 15.9㎜ diameter and 0.57㎜ wall thickness of cladding tubes and end caps have been used and optimum conditions of end cap welding have been selected. In this experiment, preliminary qualification test was performed by tensile tests, helium leak inspections, and metallography examinations to qualify the end cap welding procedure. The soundness of the welds quality of a dual cooled fuel rods has been confirmed by mechanical tests and micro-structure examinations.


By using the self-adaptive operator to improve the optimization performance and hybrid operator to increase the diversity degree of the population,this paper presented the Algorithm with hybrid operator to conquer the problems of "lower efficiency in searching"and "premature convergence"in canonical genetic algorithms.The concrete implementation step of this algorithm was put forward as well,and by using the theory of Markov chain,a research on its convergence was done.the experimental results indicate that it is a feasible method,which is easy and adaptable to practical application.


The radical CH3CH [graphic omitted] N [graphic omitted] NC2H5(1) was produced in the di-tert-butyl peroxide-initiated and thermal decompositions of azoethane. Self-combination of 1 takes place almost exclusively at the carbon radical centre (1C). The disproportionation: combination ratio Δ(Ċ2H5, 1N)≈ 0.38 (Δ=kd/kc) and the rate constant ratio kb(ĊH3, 1N)/kc(ĊH3, 1C)= 0.15 ± 0.03. The cross-combination ratio ϕ(ĊH3, 1C)= 1.38 ± 0.11, which is lower than the cross-reaction ratio ϕ*(ĊH3, 1)≈ 2.5.


In order to efficiently serve a high volume of queries, LinkedIn's distributed graph service caches computationally-expensive materialized views. Despite this, even basic view maintenance has been a scalability bottleneck. In this paper, we introduce Partial Update, which efficiently applies incremental view maintenance in the absence of deletions in a materialized view. Without expensive transaction handling, Partial Update guarantees eventual consistency across source of truth databases, materialized views and base relations stores. By design, its delta change computation logic only produces lightweight queries, reducing any need to augment the underlying data storage systems. This allows Partial Update to seamlessly integrate on top of traditional eventually consistent systems. In LinkedIn's production systems, Partial Update achieves up to a 50% reduction in both maintenance time and network bandwidth utilization. The improved view maintenance scalability allows us to improve the quality of cached data by a factor of 20. We consider that Partial Update is general enough to be applicable to the majority of select-project-join view maintenance strategies in eventually consistent distributed data stores.