Many female spiders are known to emit sex pheromones from their cuticle and/or silk. Little else is known about other sites of sex pheromone dispersion. In some primitive jumping spiders, fields of abdominal 'secretory' organs have been observed. It has been hypothesized that they may be sites of sex pheromone emission. In this study, these organs were re-examined in Portia labiata and P. fimbriata and the hypothesis was investigated through behavioural experiments. Results showed that fewer males were attracted to females with their abdominal 'secretory' organs covered. This implies that the organs are sites of sex pheromone production. Greater reliance on pheromones may be considered plesiomorphic in these visual animals and the study of these organs might be important in phylogenetics. Structurally similar organs were discovered on the legs as well.


As the complexity of embedded systems continues to rise, enhancing the performance of stack processors and exploring the value of multi-core stack processors have become imperative. Building upon the research of a single-core stack processor model, this paper designs a multi-core stack processor model based on the AXI (Advanced eXtensible Interface) bus. Starting with the J1 single-core stack processor model, we introduce modules such as the AXI bus standard, finite state machine, and bus communication interface to construct a single-core stack processor model using the AXI bus. Taking this single-core model as the core, we achieve multi-core interconnection through shared bus communication. We design the Forth instruction system, memory units, and bus arbiter. Ultimately, a multi-core stack processor model based on the AXI bus is constructed. Prototypes of dual-core and quad-core multi-core stack processors are implemented on FPGA, both operating steadily at a frequency of 100MHz. Performance testing and validation are conducted on the Xilinx XC7A100T development board. The experiments demonstrate that the designed multi-core stack processor structure meets the design goals of high performance and low power consumption.


Using multimedia teaching Agricultural Entomology makes contents of classroom teaching more interesting and the effect more vivid. This paper mainly Studies in teachers' roles in multimedia teaching and analyzes the roles teachers play in.It concludes that only when teachers play in ruling roles, the effect of multimedia teaching will be improved.


Ballads of Wa is extremely rich,it can be divided into work songs,custom songs,love songs,songs of life,entertainment songs,children′s songs,etc.The language of Ballads of Wa is not only plain,philosophical,with a lyrical,but also use a variety of rhetorical methods,and varied sentence patterns and words.Therefore,it is the image and can feel.


We have studied transient irradiation effects on the optical and electrical responses of a laser diode. The influence of dose rate, ranging from 10/sup 9/ to 10/sup 12/ rad(Si)/s, has been investigated through a complete experimental study. Dose rate vulnerability of the laser diode has been observed. Electrical and optical transient responses are determined by the dose rate, the diode structure, and its operating point.


The article is devoted to determining the place of information literacy in the structure of professional competence of special teachers. The analysis of the works of domestic and foreign researchers made it possible to reveal the specifics of the interpretation of the concept of "information literacy", ideas about its meaning in the general training of future special teachers. Professional competence as a result of vocational education presupposes the presence of specific elements that serve as criteria for assessing the level of its formation. Indicators of information literacy are clearly expressed in characteristics that describe the current requirements for a future special teacher, and are part of the content of professional competence. The ability to satisfy one's own information needs, collect, exchange, store information and assess its quality are essential components of the general culture of a modern person. In the development of professionalism of future special teachers these abilities perform significant functions. The empirical research was organized in order to identify the degree of understanding in special educators necessary for effective teaching. The study involved 120 defectologists who studied at the Pavlodar Pedagogical University. The experiment is a survey of working special teachers, which was carried out using the author's questionnaire. The study showed a high need for practice in special teachers who have information literacy. The article discusses the development of information literacy as a fundamental component of the professional competence of special teachers through improving the organization of dual education.


PREPRINT. This paper has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement N ◦ 748066. Abstract Environmental issues during and after production are a major issue in contemporary exhaustible resource production. Production deteriorates the state of the environment and is a source of possibly harmful emissions. After the production has ceased, the production site is in need of rehabilitation. This paper analyzes the last two stages of exhaustible resource production: The production and rehabilitation decisions. The socially optimal regulation is investigated, and it is found that a pollution tax, a shut-down date and a requirement for the firm to deposit funds for costly rehabilitation with a profit tax are enough for the socially optimal extraction profile. It is also found that it is irrelevant from the social point of view when the firm pays the funds.


Abstract Mandatory mediation obliges parties to the dispute to firstly seek out alternative and amicable form of dispute resolution before addressing the court. This could prove suitable in family law disputes where the focus is on maintaining the relationships aft er the dispute is resolved in the best interest of children. However this presumption does not need to apply to all cases. Domestic violence is a phenomenon of family law for centuries. The impact of the abuse between partners is immense. The article focuses on conditions, upon which the mediation could be mandated, what are the key elements of successful mediation and what are the challenges of mandatory mediation in respect of these elements. The article analyzes provisions of acts that regulate mediation in various states of USA with focus on the most controversial regulation in California. At the end it debates the relation of mandatory mediation and right to fair trial.


Stage Sisters is a movie of "most passion" directed by Xie Jin.Based on "Yue Opera",a country drama,the movie's audio and video carrier and spiritual core have strong emotional strength and deliberate structural form,which became a national representation.Needless to say,the interruption by the political elements really branded the conceptualization,which illustrated the policy by "Minor-Stage" and "Major-Stage" in the movie inevitably.Nevertheless,the philosophical pursuit,to some degrees,made the movie Stage Sisters transcend the individual and even the time.The plenty and complicated information concealed in change of "emotion" and "destiny" and in the couple of "sisters" made Stage Sisters a classic in the history of Chinese movie,which always has new implications.The generative mechanism and the historic fate of Stage Sisters explains not only an emotional chapter in the director's real life but also a changeable legend in the history of Chinese movie.


Infection of hernia sac of complicated abdominal hernias Background: When a complicated hernia is operated, there may be a higher risk of infection when a mesh is placed in a place potentially colonized by intestinal bacteria translocated from the gut. Aim: To perform a microbiological study of the hernia sac of patients subjected to emergency surgery due to complicated hernias. Material and Methods: Prospective study of patients operated for complicated abdo- minal hernias. Prior to the repair, a culture was obtained from the exposed sac. A portion of this sac was excised and cultured also. Results: Forty one patients aged 46 to 88 years (30 females) were studied. Only one sac tissue sample culture was positive. In six patients, the sac surface cultures disclosed coagulase negative Staphiloccocus. These patients did not receive antimicrobial therapy and although a mesh was placed, no complication was recorded. It is possible that these positive cultures were due to contamination of samples. Conclusions: From a microbiological point of view it is safe to place a mesh during the repair of complicated hernias


The main problems of engineering cost management in China are introduced. BIM (building information model) brings new change in engineering cost management and improves the efficiency of information sharing in every construction phase. Through the study of BIM application in engineering cost management, analyzes its huge application value on project valuation and cost management of the project.


A new nonlinear prediction technique is proposed by feedforward neural network, the learning algorithm for network is a chaotic one. A time-delay embedding is used to reconstruct the underlying attractor, the prediction model is based on the time evolution of the topological neighboring in the phase space, the spatial neighbors are chosen by the rate of exponential divergence of close trajectory. The model is tested for the Mackey–Glass delay equation and Lorentz equations, good results are obtained for the prediction.


This article contains one part (page 77.86 by Gerd Anger) which is a petrographic study on the stones and mortars of the construction of the harbor with 24 excellent micrographs. -- AATA


Few telerobotic devices have flown in space (the remote manipulator system (RMS) on the Space Shuttle is the principal one that has flown), and proposed telerobotic systems have ballooned in cost to the point where the U.S. no longer has any funded flight telerobotic programs. Three possible alternative systems with limited scope, but with significant research and even operational promise are described. These include systems or research in effective control of (possibly flexible) arms in microgravity, despite long communication latency, and for inspection of elements of spacecraft such as Space Station Freedom.


Just as an electrical switch regulates the flow of electric current, thermal switches can control the flow of heat. These switches serve as thermal control devices and are useful for thermal management applications. For example, they can be used in industries to reduce waste heat, resulting in cost and energy savings. These switches require materials whose thermal conductivity (?) can be modulated to a large extent. This would allow the switch to have an "on" and "off" state depending on the thermal conductivity. However, such materials are rare and challenging to develop, and those that have been developed show only small reversible variations in their ?.


Management of human resource development in the field of education related to the role of the Principal in an effort to develop the potential that exist in educators and educational personnel. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the role of Headmaster and the staff of educators and education at Kartodipuran elementary school number 21 Surakarta in an effort to explore the ability to support performance in working in the field of education. This research uses qualitative descriptive method with data collection through interview technique and documentation. The results of this study can be concluded that the principal, educators and education at Kartodipuran elementary school number 21 Surakarta has conducted various training and education activities such as job rotation, understudy, coaching and counseling, conference, outdoor training, training, simulations, lecture, self-study.


Presently,the practice of institution innovation is constrained by behavior space which consists of constitutional order,policy of the party in power and knowledge stock.According to the dynamic mechanism of innovation,the model of anti-corruption institution innovation can be categorized into implementing,development and competition.The innovation impetus of the implementing model is from the power center of higher-level governments;that of the development model is from the demands of practical determination;that of the competition model is from the public officials' demand of political achievement.In order to extend the behavior space and keep the sustainable capacity of innovation power,we must break the policy limit,seek innovation supports from experts and scholars,and systemize the practice of anti-corruption institution innovation.


In this work, we studied the influence of heterogeneities, fluid properties, and infiltration rates on front morphology during two‐phase flow. In our experiments, a sand box, 40 cm × 60 cm × 1.2 cm, was packed with two different structures (either random or periodic) composed of 25% coarse material and 75% fine material. The infiltration process was characterized by the capillary number, Ca, and the viscosity ratio, M, between the fluids. The displacing and the displaced fluid had the same densities, such that gravity effects could be neglected. Similar to the pore scale, the stability of the front depends on the relation between M and Ca. However, on the scale under study, depending on the structure, zones of immobilized wetting fluid developed during drainage. The lifetime of these zones depended on the flow regime. Here we show that immobilized zones have an influence on the length of the transition zone, which could lead to a different time behavior than for that of the front width.


Objective:Head-to-head comparison of the success rate of jejunal placement of a new electromagnetically visualized jejunal tube with that of the endoscopic technique in critically ill patients. Design:Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Setting:Two intensive care units at a university hospital. Patients:A total of 66 critically ill patients not tolerating intragastric nutrition. Interventions:Patients were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to receive an electromagnetically visualized jejunal feeding tube or an endoscopically placed jejunal tube. The success rate of correct jejunal placement after 24 hrs was the main outcome parameter. Measurements and Main Results:The correct jejunal tube position was reached in 21 of 22 patients using the endoscopic technique and in 40 of 44 patients using the electromagnetically visualized jejunal tube (95% vs. 91%; relative risk 0.9524, confidence interval 0.804–1.127, p = .571). In the remaining four patients, successful endoscopic jejunal tube placement was performed subsequently. The implantation times, times in the right position, and occurrences of nose bleeding were not different between the two groups. The electromagnetically visualized technique resulted in the correct jejunal position more often at the first attempt. Factors associated with successful placement at the first attempt of the electromagnetically visualized jejunal tube seem to be a higher body mass index and absence of emesis. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00500851. Conclusions:In a head-to-head comparison correct jejunal tube placement using the new electromagnetically visualized method was as fast, safe, and successful as the endoscopic method in a comparative intensive care unit patient population.


We consider the total density and spin density fluctuations of a uniform spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate within the Bogoliubov formalism. We present results for the total density and spin density static structure factors for all four magnetic phases. A key result of our work is a set of analytic predictions for the structure factors in the large and small momentum limits. These results will be useful in current experiments aiming to develop a better understanding of the excitations and fluctuations of spinor condensates.


The utility model discloses a novel calcaneus percutaneous inserting locking steel plate which comprises a forearm, a post arm and a connecting arm. The forearm and the post arm are respectively connected with two sides of the connecting arm, wherein the forearm, the post arm and the connecting arm are in the same horizontal plane, and the forearm and the post arm extend along the vertical direction respectively. The novel calcaneus percutaneous inserting locking steel plate further comprises a plurality of locking threaded holes, the inner surfaces of the locking threaded holes are perpendicular to the locking steel plate, and a plurality of rings of threads are arranged on the inner surfaces of the locking threaded holes which are distributed in the steel plate. Under the conditions of a smashed heel bone or rarefaction of a bone, threads between the locking steel plate and locking screws are used for locking after fracture reduction, the steel plate and the screws are enabled to be integrated, the function of maintaining and supporting the fracture reduction is achieved, effective fixation on the fracture of the heel bone is achieved, and displacement again and invalidation of internal fixation of the fracture of the heel bone are avoided.


Objective: This research aims to study the effectiveness of PRP in the treatment of patients with impact of rotator cuff syndrome compared to treatment with subacromial injection of corticosteroids. Methods: This is a double-blind, randomized, comparative clinical trial. Patients were clinically evaluated by The DASH Outcome Measure, UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale and Constant Shoulder Score on the day of application, after one month, three months and 6 months. Results: No significant differences were found (p <0.05) when comparing the results of the DASH Outcome Measure, UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale and Constant Shoulder Score of the two groups at baseline and after one, three and six months of subacromial injection of their treatments. After the treatment, both groups showed a significant improvement in the DASH and UCLA scores (p<0.05) when compared to the baseline. However, the Constant scores for the steroid treatment six months after treatment were lower than the baseline. Concusions: These findings suggest that PRP is a safe treatment and can be a useful tool in the therapeutic arsenal against of the rotator cuff diseases for there was no significant difference between the subacromial use of PRP and corticosteroids.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in countries where tobacco consumption is high. Myopathy and neuropathy are known to accompany frequently and usually complicate COPD, worsening the quality of life and possibly the prognosis of patients. The exact impact of myopathy and neuropathy on respiratory muscle functions, lung function tests, arterial blood gases and survival of patients is still unknown. Several studies have been conducted to determine the factors that are responsible for neuropathy and myopathy in COPD patients. Smoking, hypoxia, malnutrition, age, drugs and metabolic derangements have been blamed for causing neuropathy (1-13). And cardiac failure, a sedentary life style, malnutrition, hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, ethanol and drugs were blamed to cause muscle weakness (14,15,16). Also papers have been published which examine the epidemiological properties, pulmonary functions and arterial blood gases of myopathic COPD patients who used steroids and who did not (16,17,18). Other studies examined the histological features and electrophysiologic properties of the myopathy and neuropathy seen in COPD patients (19-24). It has been suggested that the myopathy in COPD patients, especially when related to steroid usage is a generalized one, and affects not only the peripheral muscles, but also the respiratory muscles (25). It was also suggested that myopathy may be a factor predictive of survival in COPD patients (16) . The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of myopathy and neuropathy in our COPD patients, the clinical characteristics of our neuropathic and myopathic patients and to determine the importance of detecting the presence of myopathy and neuropathy by determining their influence on the progression of COPD. This study was conducted to examine epidemiological properties, nutritional status, pulmonary functions, respiratory muscle functions, arterial blood gases, steroid usage and survival of myopathic and neuropathic COPD patients and compare them to electrophysiologically normal COPD patients. The findings about the survival of patients will be reported after five years of followup.


The effect of anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) on bone mineral density (BMD) is a controversial topic. This study investigated the effect of monotherapy and polytherapy drugs separately. Patients with a history of epilepsy treated with the same ASDs for more than 6 months were included in the study. Data regarding patient demographics, biochemical markers related to bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D), and BMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were collected and compared. In total, 104 children with epilepsy using valproic acid (VPA), levetiracetam (LEV), carbamazepine (CBZ) alone or in combination and 22 healthy controls were evaluated. The ages of the children (64 boys, 62 girls) ranged between 2 and 17, with a mean of 9.50 ± 4.03 years. BMD or Z-scores did not differ among the monotherapy groups or between them and the polytherapy group. The lowest mean Z-score was in the VPA group but without statistical significance. Alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in the group using CBZ. Calcium levels significantly differed between the groups (p = 0.001). The CBZ and LEV groups had the lowest calcium levels. However, phosphorus and vitamin D measurements did not significantly differ by ASDs used. Unfortunately, low vitamin D levels were evident in all children with epilepsy and even among controls. Physical activity, sun exposure, and calcium intake might be recommended in children treated with ACDs and in combination with additional risk factors monitoring via DXA should be considered. Further studies in a large population are necessary to judge which ASDs are more at risk to reduce bone mineralization than others.


The offshore harnessing of oil and gas resources is made possible by massive infrastructures installed at sea. At the end-of-life stage, in the absence of new uses for offshore installations, decommissioning proceedings usually take place, requiring the removal and final disposal of all materials. In Brazilian waters, decommissioning is hampered by high costs. The offshore wind-power sector has arisen as a new clean power source, in line with worldwide de-carbonization initiatives. In this context, we propose an innovative approach suggesting offshore wind power projects as an alternative to the removal and final disposal of infrastructures, a potential solution to Brazilian offshore decommissioning. In this article we report on the assessment of structures at the end of their lifecycle along with decommissioning cost estimation. Then, we explore wind turbine installation viability along the Brazilian coast and estimate the levelized cost of energy for each wind turbine. Finally, the results allow us to conduct a critical analysis of customary decommissioning versus the repurposing of infrastructures as offshore wind power project sites in two scenarios involving site repurposing. Our main results indicate that the CapEx discount rate of wind power projects offsetting decommissioning is considerable, as are the benefits of delaying decommissioning in terms of reduced carbon emissions and the social effects of increased local employment rates, through the repurposing of offshore oil and gas infrastructures.


In this work, the unpublished correspondence between Haroldode Campos and the Italian poet and translator Lucio Mariani is presentedwith six of Mariani's poems translated by Campos in also unpublished translations and in multiple versions, together with Mariani's observations.The question of the translation of poetic texts is quickly discussed, as wellas Campos's theory of translation, and the role of these letters in the study of the author's and the translator's creation. In the transcreation of these six poems, we can see the diversity of the concept of translation by Campos and Mariani, who apparently was more faithful to a more literalreading of his text.


Since 1974, the average fuel economy of new cars has doubled from fourteen to twenty-eight miles per gallon. Shifts in sales to more fuel efficient models within a product line accounted for little of the improvement. This paper explores the use of pricing strategies to shift sales to achieve a legislated fuel economy target. A multinomial logit model is used to compute surcharges and rebates that leave consumer satisfaction unchanged yet increase the sales-weighted average fuel economy. The results suggest pricing strategies are efficient for small improvements in fuel economy, but are expensive for large improvements. Copyright 1991 by Oxford University Press.


Abstract Colloidal dispersions of polymer-protected Pd/Pt and Pd/Au bimetallic clusters were prepared by reduction of an alcoholic solution of PdCl2 and H2PtCl6 or HAuCl4 in the presence of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone). The reduction can be carried out by refluxing in alcohol or by irradiation with visible light. The dispersions of the bimetallic clusters obtained are stable for months at room temperature and have from dark brown to brownish red color. Transmission electron micrographs show that the bimetallic clusters are composed of well-dispersed ultrafine particles of uniform size, about 1.5 nm for Pd-Pd and 3.4 nm for Pd-Au in diameter. The catalytic activity of the bimetallic clusters depends on the metal composition. In the case of the partial hydrogenation of 1, 3-cyclooctadiene, the activity went through a maximum when the alloy composition reached about 80% Pd and 20% Pt, or 60% Pd and 40% Au.


In order to study of The Effect of seed inoculation with Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Station of Shahrood University of Technology. Results showed that inoculation with Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus promoted seed germination. Also, inoculation with Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus significantly affected grain yield, Number of spikes per m, Number of grain per spike and 1000-seed weight and There was not statistically significant difference between Chamran and Pishtaz cultivars . Finally, the dosages of chemical fertilizers currently applied in commercial wheat field in Iran (Shahrood region) could be reduced through proper combination of Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus inoculation plus fertilization. Keywords— Seed inoculation, wheat, yield, yield components


A series of stab-penetration tests were carried out using model knife blades with different degrees of sharpness. Target blocks of flesh simulant were penetrated by the knife blades at constant low velocity and the penetration force was monitored. PSDB 10/93, a test protocol for stab-resistant body armour, recommends a modelling clay (Roma Plastilina) as a flesh simulant. From the stab-penetration tests it was found that Roma Plastilina has poor resemblance to flesh, and a simulant such as gelatine is more realistic. Bowie knife blades are specified in the test protocol while kitchen knives appear to be the most common in real incidents. More importantly, no required blade sharpness is specified in the test protocol, an aspect that could lead to inconsistencies in test results.


This article theorizes how CEOs 'do gender' in management succession and how this impacts their legitimacy as successor CEOs. Drawing on the analysis of seven incumbent-successor dyads in a family business setting, we document the multiple masculine (entrepreneurial, authoritarian and paternalistic) and feminine (relational, individualized and maternal) gender identities that both men and women CEO successors enact. We contribute to the CEO succession literature by revealing the different ways that CEOs can 'do masculinity' in their pursuit of legitimacy and also expose how CEO successors 'do femininity'. In particular, we show how men and women CEOs enact relational femininity to garner stakeholders' support as well as build alliances to temper change initiatives. We contribute to the gender and organization literature by providing an understanding of how certain ways of doing gender in organizations facilitate or hinder the legitimacy of CEO successors.


Theories of the public sphere, as standardly formulated, aim to specify the minimal, necessary conditions for a discursive realm free of coercion or manipulation. In his article in this Review in September 1992, Dana Villa urged us to reconsider this standard account. He argued that when read in light of postmodernist theory, Hannah Arendt provides the basis for a revised conception of the public sphere that privileges plurality and difference over consensus. Jim Johnson suggests that Villa's analysis is a thinly veiled polemic against critical theory. Johnson argues that, as critique, Villa's argument is neither decisive nor encompassing, and that as polemic it blinds Villa to potentially fruitful disagreements with critical theorists. Villa replies that Johnson misses the synthetic thrust of the original article because he identified public realm theory too narrowly with Habermas. Thus, he misconstrues the dialogue Villa sought to facilitate between Arendt and postmodernism.


Abstract Control applications require defining several parallel activities to model the environment. Periodic tasks model the activities to be executed at periodic instants of time. While the process of control design is focused on obtaining the regulator, later on translated into an algorithm, the software design is focused on producing pieces of software that will be executed concurrently under a scheduler. Nowadays, more and more applications require complex computation and the use of complex algorithms that can compromise the response time of the system. The activities involving a control loop task can be structured in some parts: data acquisition, computation of the control action, optional activities and output of the control action. This decomposition is useful to improve the control performance and reduce delays due to the scheduler. This paper shows how to implement complex real-time control applications by means of periodic tasks in RT-Linux, using a task decomposition.


The invention relates to a locking bolt (5) for fastening a tool in a hydraulic pressing unit, wherein the locking bolt (5) into a bolt receptacle (4) to move between a locking position and a release position, with a securing element (7) in the bolt receptacle (4) is arranged and, through positive engagement in the locking bolt (5) to the locking position, further wherein the locking bolt (5) has a securing portion (10) and (the lock bolt (5) when Einliegen of the fuse element (7) in the securing portion 10 ) is secured against movement into the release position. In order to improve a locking bolt of the type in question with simple handling for securing the Verriegelungsstelung further, it is proposed that the locking bolt (5) has a longitudinal groove (11), that the securing portion (10) with a securing depth in any event corresponding to a groove depth of the longitudinal groove (11) is formed and that the securing portion (10) is formed circumferentially in juxtaposition to the longitudinal groove (11), in case of direct transition from a groove base (16) in the securing portion (10).


The effects of madicine layer depth and medicine dosage used of stomp(pendimethalin) on growth and development of cotton seedling were studied.The results showed that pendimethalin inhibitsed the lateral root and tap root growth of cotton seedling when the medicine layer was above 4 cm,but roots grew normally when the medicine layer was below 4 cm.Pendimethalin inhibited lateral root to grow when the medicine concentration used was above 3 000 mL/hm2,but presented a weak effecs on dry weight,length of taprvots and the fresh weight of cotton seedling.


Objective: To investigate the role of all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA) on inhibiting proliferation and inducing differentiation in Hela cells and illustrate its mechanism.Methods: The Hela cell proliferation was studied with MTT assay after treatment of ATRA.The ultramicrostructures of the cells were observed by electron microscope and the efficiency of colony formation was studied by colony formation test.The cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry and the changes of c-myc mRNA levels were determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR.Results: ATRA could significantly inhibit proliferation,induce differentiation and decrease the level of c-myc mRNA.Conclusion: The biological effects of all trans-retinoic acid on Hela cell are multiple.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused the global pandemic, infecting approximately 608.328.548 confirmed cases and bringing about 6.501.469 deaths worldwide, as WHO stated in September 2022. The disease is more deadly due to the lack of specific drug molecules or a treatment plan. Therefore, the development of potent pharmacological compounds is urgently required to combat COVID-19. Due to their biological actions, snake venoms constitute a source of potentially beneficial medicinal compounds. Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (VA) is a viper species whose venom has been shown to have anti-proliferative, antimetastatic, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial activities. This in silico study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected VA venom proteins (Adamalysin II, Ammodytoxin A, Ammodytin L, L-amino acid oxidase) against molecular targets; Main protease (3CLpro) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) by molecular docking study. Molecular docking investigations were performed by using AutoDock Vina software. All compounds displayed negative binding energy values to 3CLpro and ACE2, suggesting that their interactions with the active sites were favourable. L-amino acid oxidase had the highest binding affinity with both 3CLpro and ACE2. This study revealed for the first time that VA venom proteins are functional inhibitors of 3CLpro and ACE2 activities, and the components of VA venom can be considered potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. However, more studies are needed to validate these compounds in vitro and in vivo.


A bubble column photobioreactor (BCPBR) was developed to cultivate microalgae providing high specific growth rate, specific productivity and fatty acid content. Chlorococum humicola TISTR 8551 was obtained from TISTR. The BCPBR was fabricated from a clear acrylic column with a working volume of 10 L and a column height to diameter ratio of 4.0. The microalgae was grown under batch and semi-continuous cultivations in  BG-11 mixed with trace metal solution (TMS) 1 mL/1 L of culture broth while pH was maintained within a range of 6.5 – 8.5 at 28-32 o C. An initial optical density of cell was 0.1 and air was fed into the BCPBR for 24 h. Light was obtained from cool-white fluorescence with an intensity of 3,500 lux with light and dark period of 12 h/12 h. The culture period of batch cultivation was 14 days and these for semi-continuous cultivation were three culture broth replaced length of 3, 5 and 7 days. It was found that the highest specific growth rate of 0.162 day - 1 was obtained from batch cultivation. The length of culture broth replacement exhibited little effect on the specific growth rate during semi-continuous cultivations. The specific productivity of 0.742 g L - 1 day - 1 gained from batch cultivation was higher than those of semi-continuous cultivations. This was due to all the length of culture broth replacement periods were not long enough to provide the algae to growth efficiently. These experimental results indicated that the batch cultivation was better condition. However, an amount of accumulated fatty acid obtained from both batch and semi-continuous cultivations was slightly different with 20-26 percent of accumulated cell dry weight. Keywords : green microalgae, photobioreactor, specific growth rate, specific productivity


In October 1998 the Governing Council of the ECB announced the main elements of its stabilityoriented monetary policy. The strategy consists of a quantitative definition of price stability and a twopillar framework for assessing risks to price stability. After more than four years, the Governing Council felt it would be useful to evaluate its strategy in the light of its experience. On 8 May 2003 it confirmed the definition of price stability as a year-on-year increase in the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area of below 2%. Price stability is to be maintained over the medium term. The Council also clarified that, in the pursuit of price stability, it aims to maintain inflation rates below, but close to, 2% over the medium term. Furthermore, the Governing Council confirmed that its monetary policy decisions will continue to be based on a comprehensive analysis of the risks to price stability, comprising an economic analysis and a monetary analysis. It thereby retains the two-pillar approach to the organisation, assessment and cross-checking of policy-relevant information. The President's Introductory Statement to the ECB's monthly press conference has been restructured to better reflect this approach. Furthermore, the Governing Council decided to no longer review the monetary reference value on an annual basis.


The utility model relates to a detachable connection assembly which comprises a connection core rod and a connection sleeve, wherein the connection core rod and the connection sleeve are matched for use. A connection cavity is arranged in the connection sleeve. The connection core rod comprises a cylindrical connection section which can be inserted into the connection cavity in a rotary mode in use, and the peripheral diameter of the connection section is smaller than that of a connection seat. A blocking structure turning inwards is arranged in the connection cavity, a blocking structure inner hole with the hole diameter the same as the peripheral diameter of the connection section is defined by the blocking structure, and a steel wire rope through hole is arranged on the connection section and radially penetrates through the connection section. A rope guide groove communicated with the connection cavity and used for being matched with the steel wire rope through hole for use is arranged on the connection sleeve close to the root portion of the blocking structure. A gap for containing corresponding steel wire ropes is arranged between the wall of the blocking structure inner hole and the wall of the connection cavity. The detachable connection assembly is simple in structure and convenient to process so that the manufacture cost is low. Besides, other special tools do not need using both in connection process and in assembly and disassembly process so that assembly and disassembly efficiency is high, and using is convenient.


In 1972 the Journal of Conflict Resolution published what was probably the first feminist contribution to a mainstream English-language journal of international affairs. Berenice Carroll (who more recently has been director of the Women's Studies Program at Purdue University) did not present her article, "Peace Research: The Cult of Power" as explicitly feminist, but she did include what was, in those days, a daring (if critical) reference to Kate Millet's Sexual Politics. Carroll's conclusions mirrored those found in much of today's burgeoning literature on gender in international relations. She argued that international relations scholars would gain if we shifted our gaze from the few putatively powerful actors in world affairs to the many who are putatively powerless; she showed how we would have to revise key concepts in order to capture the contributions of most women to the structuring of international society; and she anticipated a reformed discipline whose subject matter "genuinely includes the experience of all individuals regardless of race, culture, class, and gender"—the ultimate objective of the effort to include awareness of gender and the experience of women in any academic field, according to Peggy Mclntosh of the Wellesley College Center for Research on Women, an institution at the center of the recent push for gender equality in American education and scholarship. For fifteen years mainstream international relations ignored the trail that Carroll had blazed. The editorship of the Journal of Conflict Resolution changed with its next issue and neither it nor any other major journal would run similar articles until the late 1980s. Carroll and other peace researchers continued


This paper deals with design of asphalt pavements with cement bound base layers. In standard design method the mathematical solution of pavement model is used, but the deformation characteristics of base materials are design and not real values. In the new design procedure for semirigid pavement with analytical evaluation, the radial stress induced in the critical layer by load is compared with the bending strength. In this paper the calculation of the thickness of asphalt layers for protection of the surfacing against reflective cracking is described. There is a description of a road test section (built in 1987) with base course stabilization utilizing geotextile membranes and/or additional compaction as a protection against cracking. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 857794.


Luapula Province has the highest maternal mortality and one of the lowest facility-based births in Zambia. The distance to facilities limits facility-based births for women in rural areas. In 2013, the government incorporated maternity homes into the health system at the community level to increase facility-based births and reduce maternal mortality. Despite the policy to stopping traditional birth attendants from conducting deliveries at home and encouraging all women to give birth at the health facility under skilled care, many women still give birth at home. An exploratory cross section survey was used to gather data by conducting structured interviews with 50 women of childbearing age who had a recent or previous home delivery. The following factors were found to be associated with home deliveries in surrounding villages in kashikishi; abrupt onset/precipitate labor, long distance/transport difficulties to reach the nearest health facility, having had successful HD, poverty/low income and gender though having a small percentage. Parity in which the majority were multiparas' women, attitude was also associated with home deliveries and other unforeseen circumstances such as a funeral and being alone at home at the onset of labour.


Pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in luminal breast cancer is extremely low so its role is very controversial. We investigated whether the use Oncotype DX recurrence score ® could improve this response.We performed the Oncotype Dx in 103 patients with early breast cancer with high-risk clinical criteria to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We reported the pathologic complete response (pCR) and its association with Oncotype DX.Median age was of 51 (24-87), median tumor size of 26 mm and 51 (57%) patients had initial node involvement. Median estrogen and progesterone receptor by histoscore was 280 and 40 and median Ki67 value was 30. 50 patients were less than 50 years old. Median Oncotype score was 30 (12-76) and 15 (14,6%) in the 11-18 score interval, 21 (20,4%) in the 18-25 and 67 (65%) with a score greater than 25. 24 (23,3%) patients obtained pCR, 22% in initial node involvement and 25% in not nodal involvement.The Oncotype DX its highly correlated with pCR (OD: 1,059, p: 0,004) in the multivariable analysis and in patients with Oncotype DX RS≥25 there was a strong correlation (OD: 18,295, P:0,005). pCR according with age (less or more than 50) and Oncotype Dx interval score is reported in the table.
 Conclusion: Oncotype DX recurrence score ® predicts with great accuracy the pathologic complete response. Patients with RS 11-25 had a very low pCR, whereas patients with RS>25 achieve a 34% of pCR. Based on initial considered High risk Score (>31) we achieve a total of 18 to 42 patients of pCR (42%). Oncotype DX recurrence score ® allows a very considerable increase in the complete pathological responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, so it should be considered when selecting the patients who should receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
 LESS THAN 50 YEARSMORE THAN 50 YEARSONCOTYPETOTALpCRTOTALpCRRS 11-18100 (0%)50 (0%)RS 18-25101 (10%)110 (0%)RS > 253011(36%)3712 (32%)
 Citation Format: Ariadna Gasol Cudós, Serafin Morales Murillo, Alvaro Rodriguez Galindo, Ona Pallisé Subirats, Jordi Melé Olivé, Carles Canosa Morales, Felip vilardell villellas, Douglas René Sanchez Guzman, Joel Veas Rodriguez. Improving pathological complete response in luminal breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-10.


Enclosed you will fi nd Edition 40 (6). Continued progress with pandemic related issues is being evidenced by some degree of viral impact reduction, and as growing numbers are vaccinated the hope of signifi cant population immunity levels is closer to reality. In the review section, Wuytach et al perform a systemic review on quality of life and utility measures in women with stress urinary incontinence and identify the IQol as being the most robust measure identifi ed. Zacharakis and colleagues systematically review pelvic fl oor reconstruction done under local anesthesia and fi nd this option a reasonable and effi cient alternative anesthetic choice for women undergoing surgery for stress urinary incontinence and less so for more involved pelvic reconstruction. Trinchieri and associates, again using systematic review process, evaluate psychotropic drugs and their eff ects on the lower urinary tract and note that tricyclic antidepressants and SNRIs both have a higher association of voiding dysfunction thus necessitating a careful history and evaluation when developing treatment strategy. Hoe and group review extend evidence for urethral bulking agents and fi nd little long-term data except for two agents with only one agent having long-term safety data being reported. Law et al report the evidence variances in surgical and functional outcomes for patients undergoing surgery for lower urinary tract symptoms related to BPH versus those undergoing intervention for retention due to BPH. They noted similar functional outcomes between the two groups, however a persistent higher risk for permanent catheterization was noted in the retention group. Tsiapakidou and associates rigorously evaluate clinical practice guidelines on pelvic organ prolapse using a new validated tool, AGREE II and determine that substantial variations in quality and defi ciencies exist. Jackson and colleagues utilize bibliometric analysis of the fi eld of electrical neuromodulation for bladder dysfunction specifi cally focusing on the top 100 cited articles and notice improved outcomes reporting and focused outcomes reporting in certain journals. Giagio and associates assess extant controlled trials related to pelvic fl oor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse and associated completeness of exercise reporting. Gerig at al determine that in general women with OAB are dissatisfi ed with current options for treatment of the condition and that electrical stimulation with tibial nerve modulation may provide better balance for patient centered care delivery. In the basic science section, Roy and colleagues study the value of MRI determination of continent women using diff usion tensor imaging and fi ber tractograhy for pelvic MRI reconstruction. Liu and group study the eff ect of activation of TRPM8 channel and subsequent inhibition of contraction of isolated human ureter. Kwon and associates identify the value of anti-fi brosis modulation using a variety of receptor modulators for bladder wall remodeling and detrusor overactivity in rodents with spinal cord injury. Turner et al Study the eff ects of radiation therapy on rodent bladder contractility and muscle morphology and identify decrease muscular contractility and changes in axonal profi les and smooth muscle content within the bladder muscle wall. Burnett and research consortium attempt to phenotype urinary tract infection based upon diff erences in urobiome composition. In the clinical section, Baka-Ostrowka et al determine the safety and effi cacy of mirabegron in children. Seddone and associates note the high prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in women with multiple sclerosis and the signifi cant impact on their quality of life. Santis-Mayo and colleagues identify a high incidence of common voiding dysfunction associated with overactive bladder including evidence of outlet obstruction as well as detrusor underactivity and suspect that nighttime frequency may be an indicator of these concomitant problems. Dmochowski, Haab, and Robinson evaluate placebo controlled trials related to a new centrally acting compound known as litoxetine. Ross et al fi nd that 75% improvement urinary symptoms after neuromodulation trial is a better indicator of long-term effi cacy that is 50% improvement. Soytas and colleagues identify the importance of hand grip strength as an indicator of pelvic fl oor muscle strength in women with pelvic fl oor dysfunction. Cowley, Staff ord, and Hodges valuate transperineal pelvic fl oor ultrasound both before and after prostatectomy for repeatability and identify the feasibility of same. Tillier and Group utilize a continence prediction tool in a historical control cohort and a prospective cohort and fi nd value of same for patient informed consent and mutual decision making. Wagg and consortium perform a post hoc analysis of antimuscarinic treatment with a particular agent and fi nd 1/3 of patients report a 50% urgency reduction and 3⁄4 reported at least a 50% resolution of incontinence at 12 months with few patients reporting total continence resolution. Moon et al use the NHANES database to link the relationship between nocturia and cardiovascular disease and fi nd increasing vascular disease associated with increasing DOI: 10.1002/nau.24749


A spin-polarized electrical current leads to a variety of periodical magnetic structures in nanostripes. In the presence of the Orsted field, which always assists an electrical current, the basic types of magnetic structures, i.e., a vortex-antivortex crystal and cross-tie domain walls, survive. The Orsted field prevents saturation of the nanostripe and a longitudinal domain wall appears instead. Possible magnetization structures in stripes with different geometrical and material properties are studied numerically and analytically.


One cultivar each of spring wheat (Triticure aestivum L. cv. Arkas), oat (Arena sativa L. cv. Lorenz), and barley (Hordeum vulgate L. cv. Aramir) was chosen in order to study the relative contributions of individual bracts to the gas exchange of whole ears. The distribution and frequency of the stomata on the bracts were examined. Gas exchange was measured at normal atmospheric COz (330gbar) and at high CO2 (2 000 gbar) on intact ears and on ears from which glumes or lemmas and paleae (wheat and oat) or awns (barley) had been removed. The relative contribution to the gas exchange of the whole organ is highest for the awns of barley ears. In wheat, the contribution of the glumes is slightly higher than that of the inner bracts before anthesis. Two weeks after anthesis the inner bracts contribute more than the glumes. This tendency of increasing importance of the inner bracts is also found in oat ears, but the relative amount of CO2 uptake by the glumes is higher than in wheat. These changes during ontogeny result from the better supply of light to the inner bracts caused by opening of the ears' structures during grain filling, which in part compensates for the decreasing photosynthetic capacity. The ratio of the photosynthesis rate at high CO2 to that at normal CO2 is lower for the glumes of oat and for the awns of barley than for the other bracts.


Masses of the pseudoscalar (J PC = 0 + ) charmonium and bottomonium hybrids are determined using QCD Laplace sum-rules. The effects of the dimension-six gluon condensate are included in our analysis and result in a stable sum-rule analysis, whereas previous studies of these states were unable to optimize mass predictions. The pseudoscalar charmonium hybrid is predicted to have a mass of approximately 3.8GeV and the corresponding bottomonium prediction is 10.6GeV. Calculating the full correlation function, rather than only the imaginary part, is shown to be necessary for accurate formulation of the sum-rules. The charmonium hybrid mass prediction is discussed within the context of the XY Z resonances.


Conservation of natural resources and the production of healthy food are highlighted in environmental education. The aim of the project was to stimulate students from the education network in the municipality of Curitibanos/SC, regarding the importance of the production of healthy food and the conservation of the Araucaria forest ecosystem. In this sense, in response to demands from schools in the municipality, recreational activities were carried out emphasizing the importance of these resources from 2017 to 2019, contemplating 801 students. For the activities, two visits were organized for each class; during the first meeting, were presented basic concepts and guidelines for production and consumption of healthy food. During the second meeting children visited an agroecological yard and/or the Pessegueirinho Ecological Trail - Campus of Curitibanos/UFSC. The expressions of interest and evaluation of the activities allowed us to verify that the experiences provided awareness about the conservation of natural resources and the production of healthy food.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motor imagery combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (MI-NMES) on cerebral cortex excitability in stroke patients. We examined the effect of MINMES on cerebral cortex excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and latency, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) of δα ratio (DAR) and power ratio index (PRI) assessments. This study was to evaluate 30 stroke patients who were satisfied the selection criteria of the study. Experiments were divided into MI-NMES group, motor imagery (MI) group. This study showed that there was a significant difference for all evaluations within the MI-NMES group, with significant differences in MEP amplitude and latency, QEEG DAR, and PRI index values in the comparison that those of the MI group. MI-NMES is suggested to be an effective approach for cerebral cortex excitability in stroke patients.


Hydrogen is one of clean,environmental and renewable energy,so it is helpful to reduce emission and produce much energy instead of the fossil oil when it is applied in the engines.Hydrogen gas always burns at high speed with wide range of ignition limit,so abnormal combustion such as backfire and knock happens on the hydrogen engine,affecting greatly on the engine performance and even its normal opertion.This paper discusses the mixture formation on the basis of test of a ZS1100 single cylinder hydrogen engine.Its mechanism of abnormal combustion,technology to control abnormal combustion are summaried.Test results show that ignition advance angle and compression ratio have influence on abnormal combustion in the hydrogen gas engine.


We analyzed clinical and laboratory results of 17 patients with necrotic fasciitis for early diagnostic improvement. It was revealed that necrotic fasciitis is accompanied by creatinphosphokinase (CPK) increasing and reaction of nearby muscles. In average CPK level excess norm level to 77.4 U/L. Normal CPK activity (195U/L) was observed after 10 days of treatment (necrectomia and antibacterial therapy).


An infinite family of isospectral graphs, i.e. non-isomorphic pairs of graphs with the same Laplace spectrum, is constructed. The graphs considered, are a particular case of the isospectral graphs with integer spectrum that can be constructed with the method developed in Merris (1997). In this work, the spectra of the isospectral pairs of graphs are computed directly, by elementary methods.


The thesis deals with the agile software development. In thesis we first describe traditional and agile methodologies for software development with emphasis on Scrum methodology. Then two main chapters follow. First of them describes how to use Scrum methodology on a real project for reservation of sport hall. In accordance with the Scum guidelines user stories were formed and estimated. Estimation was made by using planning poker and team estimation game methods. Within chapter used technology for implementing application is described. In the second chapter we analyse accuracy of all estimations based on methods planning poker, team estimation game and actual spent time for implementing user stories. At the end we review the problems and their solutions, which were encountered during implementation.


Ni-Cr microcomposite coatings were prepared on Ni-plates by co-electrodeposition of Ni with microparticles of Cr.The oxidation of the composite coatings at 900℃in air was investigated and then the formed oxide scales were examined by SEM with XRD.The results showed that continuous Cr_2O_3 scale could form on the composite coating when the Cr content was closely to 32 mass%.The oxidation behavior of the composite coatings was discussed in detail.


With the rise in the number of remote-sensing satellites in the past decade, interest has been drawn towards the fusion of satellite data. This study investigates the fusion of features obtained from the L-band ALOS-2 Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the Sentinel-2 optical satellite by the use of neural networks. It identifies the prominent features by using an inverse-mapping algorithm. The fusion results show an increased classification accuracy compared to that of independent sensors. The algorithms have been tested on the data of the 2018 earthquake in Sulawesi, Indonesia.


In October 2003, trading volumes all shrank in the interbank RMB market,though the tight fund supply eased.Market rates declined slowly. Market participants gradually enhanced their confidence amid a recovering market.


In High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments, devices are frequently required to withstand a certain radiation level. As a result, detectors and electronics must be irradiated to determine their level of radiation tolerance. To perform these irradiations, CERN built a new irradiation facility in the East Area at the Proton Synchrotron (PS) accelerator. At this facility, named IRRAD, a high-intensity 24 GeV/c proton beam is used. During irradiation, it is necessary to monitor the intensity and the transverse profile of the proton beam. The Beam Profile Monitor (BPM) for IRRAD uses 39-channel pixel detectors to monitor the beam position. These pixel detectors are constructed using thin foil copper pads positioned on a flex circuit. When protons pass through the copper pads, they induce a measurable current. To measure this current and determine the total flux of protons passing through the thin foil copper detectors, a new data acquisition system was designed as well as a new database and on-line display system. In its final configuration, the IRRAD facility exploits four BPM devices located along the path of the irradiation beam. In this work, we present the design and the architecture of the BPM system, some results on its performance during the commissioning of the IRRAD proton beam, as well as the planned upgrades for this system.


Emergency care for Eastern Europe, Joseph Alcamo the environment in Eastern Europe - common problems and corrective actions in the region priority issues for international action in sustaining biodiversity, Z. Karpowics monitoring of regional background atmospheric pollution in central and Eastern Europe, F. Ya. Rovinsky transboundary air pollution in Central and Eastern Europe, Joseph Alcamo an overview of water pollution problems and priorities in Bulgaria, Alexander N. Sadovski a national environmental monitoring and information system for Bulgaria, Alexander N. Sadovski priorities in controlling air pollution in Bulgaria, George Djolov water quality management in Hungary - past experiences and future needs, Laszlo Somlyody an overview of air pollution problems and priorities in Hungary, Gajzago the current problems of municipal sewage treatment in respect to protection of water resources of Poland and of the Baltic Sea, Marek Roman a review of air pollution problems in Poland, Maciej Nowicki general considerations concerning environment quality in Romania, Teodor Ognean priorities of the strategy of environment protection in Romania, Angheluta Vadineanu an overview of the State of the Environment in Yugoslavia, Velimir Pravdic Yugoslav National long-term policy for environmental management, Velimir Pravdic an overview of air pollution problems in Yugoslavia, Zorka B. Vukmirovic.


Rotherham Hospital is looking to find those members of staff who have gone that extra mile in their job, or in helping and supporting their colleagues and patients. They want the public to tell them if they know any staff who've gone above and beyond their normal job role for patients.


Abstract Eighty-five subjects at various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection and 39 seronegative controls underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluation to assess the relationship between cognitive test results and subjective complaints (cognitive, affective, motor, and other). The effect of psychiatric disorders on the association between cognitive performance and complaints of the patients was also examined. Patients with symptomatic infection had higher frequency of complaints than subjects at asymptomatic stage. Detailed neuropsychological examination confirmed a strong association between poor verbal memory and cognitive complaints. Poor performance on cognitive speed and flexibility was associated with motor complaints and motor abnormalities. These associations were not explained by psychiatric disorders or elevated depression questionnaire scores. Our observations indicate that, especially in symptomatic HIV-1 infection, cognitive changes reported by patients often reflect "objective" cognitive decline, and may be the earliest signs of HIV-1 associated cognitive disorder. No direct relationship was observed between "subjective" complaints and neuropsychological performance of asymptomatic subjects. Understanding the significance of reported cognitive changes have important therapeutic implications. (JINS, 1996, 2, 219–225.)


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance, costs, energy, and greenhouse gas emission of cementitious high-carbon fly ash (CHCFA)-stabilised recycled pavement materials (RPMs) as base course. Three test road cells were built in Minnesota. These cells have the same pavement structure except different base courses: conventional crushed aggregates, untreated RPM, and CHCFA-stabilised RPM. Results of laboratory and field tests were used in the Mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) to predict the pavement performance. MEPDG performance prediction indicated that Cell 79 containing CHCFA-stabilised RPM had the longest service life in the three cells. The life-cycle analysis indicated that the usage of the CHCFA-stabilised RPM as the base of the flexible pavement can significantly reduce the life-cycle cost, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emission.


The crystal Structure of [Fe(η6-mesitylene)2](PF6)2 (1) is reported. The Structure is intricately disordered with the Fe-atom occupying an m3m cubic site, but nonetheless the conformation and bonding is confirmed. The structure is discussed in the general context of FeII sandwich complexes.


This study examined the influence of age, ownership and type of university on resource situation in Nigerian universities. A descriptive survey design was used in the study. Data were collected from 900 academic staff using stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviation and t-test statistics. The three hypotheses generated were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that there was significant difference between the resource situations of state and federal universities in favour of federal universities. There was also significant difference between first and third generation universities in terms of resource situations in favour of first generation universities. However, there was no significant difference in the resource situations between conventional and specialized universities. It was recommended that the proprietors of state and third generation universities should improve the resource situations in their universities in order to make them compete favourably with federal and first generation universities.


By adopting the method of numerical simulation, a research has been conducted to study the dynamic evolutional course of surrounding rock structure of 93d05 working face along gob side after excavation of multiple working faces, in response to the complex geological condition of 93d05 working face with overlying and lateral excavation in Nantun coal mine. The corresponding dynamic evolutional course is obtained as follows: surrounding rock in the 93 d 07 working face along gob side within a range of 6 m is mainly cataclastic structure after excavation of 93 d 07 working face,and the rock in the other location around gob-side entry is mainly block structure;3 d coal roof is mainly cataclastic structure after excavation of 93u05 working face and 93u03 working face, and the other rock around gob-side entry is mainly block structure.


Housing is a very important requirement for the community. The need for housing is increasing. The choice of housing is influenced by many factors, one of which is housing location. In this case, the influence of the location of housing on the Developer is analyzed. Housing location factors have the greatest influence in terms of property project development. This study conducted by a survey as well as distributing questionnaires to respondents registered in Public Housing and Settlements. The data analysis used is the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The results of this study indicate that the most important indicator land prices, environmental atmosphere or environmental conditions that are in the location of the housing, licensing and homeownership loans. Then from the dominant factors that influence the decision of the developer, namely from the aspect of land prices of 100%, from the aspect of the environmental atmosphere by 80%, from the licensing aspect by 50%, and from the aspect of KPR (Public housing loans), by 40%, then from the aspect of road conditions, trade and services by 20% and in terms of aspects of the market segment at 10%. Keyword : Housing Factor, Determination, AHP Method, Location of Housing


Research into entrepreneurial networking activities has ignored an aspect that is important to the entrepreneurs‐does it make sense to pay dues to an organization that promises networking opportunities to help build their business? This study looked at that aspect of networking by comparing revenue growth rates and average number of employees between those businesses whose owners belong to paid membership organizations and those who do not. No differences were found between the two groups of entrepreneurial firms. While there are still benefits to joining these organizations, entrepreneurs should not expect to grow their business because of membership.


Patients with proteinuria are at high risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Since this risk can be reduced by appropriate interventions, we hypothesized that remote dwellers, who are known to have lower access to health care, might have a higher risk of complications. Using a database of all adults with at least one measure of urine protein between May 2002 and March 2009, we examined the frequency of heavy proteinuria, quality of care delivery, and rates of adverse clinical outcomes across travel distance categories to the nearest nephrologist. Heavy proteinuria was defined by an albumin:creatinine ratio X60mg/mmol, protein:creatinine ratio X100mg/mmol, or protein X2 þ on dipstick urinalysis. Of 1,359,330 subjects in the study, 262,209 were remote dwellers. The overall prevalence of proteinuria was 2.3%, 2.9%, and 2.5% in those who live 4200, 100.1–200, and 50.1–100km, respectively, as compared to 1.5% in those who live within 50km of the nearest nephrologist (Po0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of heavy proteinuria was increased among remote dwellers compared to urban dwellers (P ¼0.001 for trend). There were no differences in markers of good-quality care or the rate of adverse outcomes (all-cause mortality, heart failure, and renal outcomes) across distance categories. However, the rates of hospitalizations and stroke were significantly higher with increased distance from the nearest nephrologist (Po0.001and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, heavy proteinuria was common in Alberta residents, especially in remote dwellers. Care seemed similar across distance categories of travel, but with higher risk of hospitalizations and stroke among remote dwellers. Further work is needed to understand the basis for the increased risk of hospitalizations and stroke.


In the present investigation phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Elaeocarpusganitrus (Rudraksha) seeds were studied with the methanolic and acetonic extract. The major phytochemical constituents screened were tannins, flavonoids, steroids, reducing compounds carbohydrates and alkaloids, alcohol and protein. It has been observed that maximum phytochemical compounds were present in methanolic and acetonic extract of E. ganitrus.The phytochemical screening was done to as certain the presence of bioactive components present in selected plant extract.Antibacterial activity in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was studied with paper disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition was measured in mm. It has been observed that MIC was ranging from 11.25-21.25 mm for methanolic and 15.5-22mm for acetonic extract respectively. It is concluded that Rudkraksha seeds have many useful phytochemicals and possess significant antifungal/antibacterial activity.


This paper discusses the design and realization of the Testing system of a certain avionics,investigating primarily the development of the hardware and software and the system composition.The testing system can assure the bus controller or remote terminals designed to meet the requirements of Validation Test Plan.The working effect has been highly appreciated in practice.


How firms achieve entry into new‐to‐the‐firm product markets is an important but overlooked topic. Some aspiring entrants fail during product development, and they miss the opportunity to enter. In such contexts, firms often take action to de‐risk entry, for example, by drawing upon the experience of top executives with market‐specific expertise obtained in prior jobs. However, the empirical evidence from this study shows that beyond a narrow threshold, greater prior experience in the top executive team was associated with a greater likelihood of failed entry attempts among the firms that I tracked over two decades in the biotechnology industry. This result held across product markets with low and high degrees of dynamism. Based on the literature on dynamic managerial capabilities, where entry into new markets indicates managers' ability to reconfigure organizational resources and adapt to a changing environment, this study's main contribution is to illustrate how and why experience matters for entry.


This study aims to explain the effect of leadership and human resource development on job satisfaction, job motivation and employees performance. Analysis by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with alpha 5% to test the significance of research variable. The data were taken from all Bank Sulselbar employees using cluster random sampling technique. The total respondents were 184 respondents. Questionnaire (main instrument), interview, observation, and documentary were used in collecting the data. Results of analysis (at significance level of 5%) showed that: 1) leadership has a significant effect on job satisfaction, 2) human resource development has a significant effect on job satisfaction, 3) leadership has a significant effect on job motivation, 4) human resource development has a significant effect on job motivation, 5) leadership has a significant effect on employee performance, 6) human resource development has a significant influence employee performance, 7) job satisfaction has a significant effect on job motivation, 8) job satisfaction has a significant effect on employee performance, and 9) job motivation does not significantly affect on employee performance.


We report the realization of an active Fibonacci photonic quasi-crystal via spin coating. Alternation of the luminescence properties of rhodhamine dye embedded in the quasi-crystal is presented and compared to theoretical simulations.


In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of using bursts of picosecond pulses for material micromachining and compare the results with those obtained when using a nanosecond source with similar pulse energy, pulse width and pulse shape. The picosecond laser source used for the experiments was delivering 60-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 1.8 GHz, grouped within arbitrarily-shaped bursts having a width that could be varied from 2.5 to 40 ns. The laser output central wavelength was at 1064 nm and the output beam M2 value was below 1.15. Micro-milling experiments were performed on silicon for two levels of energy per burst and with different burst amplitude profiles. We show that the maximum material removal efficiency and the surface quality can be increased by more than 25% when using bursts of picosecond pulses with respect to nanosecond pulses with similar energy per pulse. Effect of shaping the burst envelope of the picosecond laser on the maximum material removal efficiency is also presented.


The ultrasonic velocity was measured in an 8m aqueous solution of urea at pressures up to 2000 lb/in.2 and at temperatures between 28° and −5°C. Within this temperature range, the velocity‐vs‐temperature curve is nearly linear, having a slope of about 0.182 m/sec⋅atm (not varying with temperature). Water at high temperatures has about the same value of (∂c/∂p)T. When considered along with ultrasonic‐absorption data for urea solutions, as previously reported [cf. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 13, 222 (1968)], this suggests that urea preferentially breaks the open‐packed state in water. In particular, for an 8m solution the clusters of the open‐packed state seem to be nearly completely broken up for temperatures down to −5°C. However, the existence at high concentrations of an absorption in excess of the viscous absorption indicates that there are still two states present. [The high‐pressure measurements were performed at the Physics Department of Brown University. This work was supported in part by the U. S. Depart...


Field spectroscopy is a nondestructive way to collect information on natural resources and is becoming a common exercise in remote sensing field campaigns. These signatures are collected for various tasks. In some cases the signatures are used as a reference signature in spectral matching routines. In other cases these spectra themselves are the aim of the study, being used to predict the presence of minerals in the soil or the chemical composition of foliage. Invariably, field campaigns result in a large number of signature files. This data is useful as reference material for future study of similar environments. However, methods for sharing the information are scarce. There is a need for a unified repository of spectral signatures, and, just as important, their metadata. Using the grid-computing paradigm, our aim is to connect hyperspectral experts to facilitate enhanced research. To this end we propose an information repository that exceeds that of an individual researcher or team. To facilitate the sharing of data with collaborative research peers, we designed a database for storing and distributing hyperspectral signatures and their metadata. Use of the database is free to all Web users. However, for any operation other than browsing the database, users must register. The database can be accessed through http://www.hyperspectral.info. Web-based services consist of two separate software components, linked through the Internet. The client side of the software (the Web pages and scripts included in them) runs on the user's computer. The second half, the server side component of the software (all the routines required to process the clientside requests), runs on the Web server. The database and all database-querying routines for the Web service presented in this paper are processed server side. The database uses a commonly Figure 1. The Google Earth-enabled browse interface allows access to the hyperspectral reference library.


The objective in this work was to evaluate the fermentation kinetic; chemical composition and "in vitro" dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of co-product silage from the extraction of peyibaye palmetto. The experimental treatments utilized were co-product extraction of peyibaye palmetto: in nature, with 10% of cassava meal, with 10% of corn meal, with 10% of palm kernel cake, with 1% of urea and wilted. The silos were opened after 1; 3; 5; 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The experimental design utilized was a completely randomized design with factorial 6 x 7 (treatments and days after silage), with two repetitions. The pH ranged from 3.78 to 3.93. The silage with cassava or corn meal had less concentration of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and lignin. The content of crude protein of the silage with urea was greater than the other treatments. The additions of cassava or corn meal result in increase of IVDMD percentage. The silages showed appropriate values of ammonia nitrogen. The co-product silage of peyibaye palmetto extraction has conservation potential in silage form, and the addition of 10% of cassava meal improved its quality.


Cities are expanding rapidly, and the impact of dense human-oriented urban systems on ecosystems is both direct (conversion of natural land cover to urban footprint) and indirect. Human settlements are more complex than any other ecosystems as they meet human socio-ecological needs and support local biodiversity. The open spaces of a city with rich cultural character and biodiversity have become important elements of urban design, where urban systems can be planned to coexist with local biodiversity without disturbing the ecosystem. With the need to redefine urban footprint as an ecologically rich urban environment, this chapter addresses the definition of urban open space and questions the coexistence of humans and biodiversity in urban open spaces.


Polymer three-dimensional (3D)-printing has been commercialized rapidly during recent years; however, there remains a matter of improving the manufacturing speed. Screw extrusion has a strong potential to fasten the process through the simultaneous operation of the filament production and the deposition. This paper develops a control algorithm for screw extrusion-based 3D printing of thermoplastic materials through an observer-based output feedback design. We consider the thermodynamic model describing the time evolution of the temperature profile of an extruded polymer by means of a partial differential equation (PDE) defined on the time-varying domain. The time evolution of the spatial domain is governed by an ordinary differential equation that reflects the dynamics of the position of the phase change interface between polymer granules and molten polymer deposited as a molten filament. The steady-state profile of the distributed temperature along the extruder is obtained when the desired setpoint for the interface position is prescribed. To enhance the feasibility of our previous design, we develop a PDE observer to estimate the temperature profile via measured values of surface temperature and the interface position. An output feedback control law considering a cooling mechanism at the boundary inlet as an actuator is proposed. In extruders, the control of raw material temperature is commonly achieved using preconditioners as part of the inlet feeding mechanism. For some given screw speeds that correspond to slow and fast operating modes, numerical simulations are conducted to prove the performance of the proposed controller. The convergence of the interface position to the desired setpoint is achieved under physically reasonable temperature profiles.


This study was undertaken to investigate the extent of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in coffeehouses, as these are commonly frequented public places in Turkey. From 86 coffeehouses in the 3 districts, 59 coffeehouse workers and 35 hospital staff members (as a control group) were evaluated. Participants answered a questionnaire about demographics, working characteristics, smoking behavior, and ETS exposure during their daily life lives. The amount of nicotine in hair was determined by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The mean hair nicotine level of the nonsmoker and smoker coffeehouse workers were 23.2 ± 12.3 µg/g and 62.5 ± 49.8 µg/g, respectively. Among the hospital staff, mean hair nicotine levels were 4.5 ± 6 µg/g in nonsmokers and 30.6 ± 14 µg/g in smokers. Working in coffeehouses has a marked effect on hair nicotine levels and potential adverse health effects. The project was funded by Dokuz Eylul University, Research Fund grant 0909 99 02 09, awarded to Prof. Arif Cimrin, MD. The authors thank Peyton Jacob III for the internal standard (nicotine-d4) and pharmacist Ayse Sezgin for technical support.


Study design Literature review of the best available evidence on the accuracy of computer assisted pedicle screw insertion. Background Pedicle screw misplacement rates with the conventional insertion technique and adequate postoperative CT examination have ranged from 5 to 29 % in the cervical spine, from 3 to 58 % in the thoracic spine, and from 6 to 41% in the lumbosacral region. Despite these relatively high perforation rates, the incidence of reported screw-related complications has remained low. Interestingly, the highest rates of neurovascular injuries have been reported from the lumbosacral spine in up to 17% of the patients. Gertzbein and Robbins introduced a 4-mm "safe zone" in the thoracolumbar spine for medial encroachment, consisting of 2-mm of epidural and 2-mm of subarachnoid space. Later, several authors have found the safety margins to be significantly smaller, suggesting that the "safe zone" thresholds of Gertzbein and Robbins do not apply to the thoracic spine, and seem to be too high even for the lumbar spine. The midthoracic and midcervical spine, as well as the thoracolumbar junction set the highest demands for accuracy in pedicle screw insertion, with no room for either translational or rotational error at e.g. T5 level. Computer assisted pedicle screw insertion (navigation) was introduced in the early 909s to increase the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw insertion. Material PubMed literature search revealed two randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing the in vivo accuracy of conventional and computer assisted pedicle screw insertion techniques. Three meta-analyses have assessed the published reports on the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion with or without computer assistance, one additional meta-analysis concentrated on the functional outcome of computer assisted pedicle screw insertion. Results The RCTs by Laine et al and Rajasekaran et al achieved significantly higher screw placement accuracy with computer assistance than with the conventional techniquebased on anatomical landmarks. In a degenerative patient population, Laine et al reported a misplacement rate of 4.6% with computer assistance compared to 13.4% with the conventional technique. In addition to this quantitative difference, a qualitative difference in the misplaced screws was noticed: in the conventional group, 28 out of 37 misplaced screws were either inferior or medial, whereas in the computer assisted group, 1 out of 10 misplaced screws was situated in these "danger zones". In deformity surgery, Rajasekaran et al reported a 2% pedicle screw misplacement rate with a computer assisted technique compared to 23% with the conventional technique. Interestingly, in their study, the average screw insertion time in the computer assisted group was significantly shorter than with the conventional technique. The three meta-analyses, assessing up to 37 337 pedicle screws, reported significantly higher accuracy in the placement of pedicle screws with computerassistance compared with the conventional methods. The superiority of the computer assisted technique was even more obvious with abnormal surgical anatomy. CT-based and 3D-fluoroscopy-based navigation methods provided better accuracy compared to 2Dfluoroscopy-based navigation. No statistically significant benefit with computer assistance in the incidence of neuro-vascular complications, or in functional outcome was demonstrated. Conclusion High pedicle screw misplacement rates have been reported with the conventional technique based on anatomical landmarks and intraoperative fluoroscopy. The concept of "safe zone" is hypothetical, and underestimates the true risks of misplaced pedicle screws. Computer assistance significantly improves the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw insertion. It will, however, be difficult to correlate this increased accuracy to improved patient outcomes.


1. S. Elizade and P. Winkler, Sorting by placement and shift, in Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms–SODA 2009, C. Mathieu, ed., SIAM, New York, 2009, 68–75. 2. J. I. Marden, Analyzing and Modelling Rank Data, Chapman and Hall, London, 1995. 3. P. McCullagh, Permutations and regression models, in Probability Models and Statistical Analyses for Ranking Data, M. A. Fligner and J. S. Verducci, eds., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993, 196–215. 4. P. Winkler, Puzzled: Solutions and Sources, Communications of the ACM 52, no. 3 (2009) 111; also available at http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2009. doi:10.1145/1467247.1467272


An informal pedagogical tour provides quantitative views of the magnitude of the challenge of mitigating climate change and many of the energy technologies available to address this challenge. The importance of energy efficiency is emphasized, as is the societal context for technological change.


According to the formula of grain growth under isothermal condition, the kinetics equation of ferritic grain growth in heat affected zone (HAZ) was obtained, which was combined with the calculated thermal cycles to predict the grain growth in HAZ of TCS stainless steel under the new-type welding procedure-hybrid welding. The grain sizes in HAZ of TCS stainless steel have been calculated for three welding conditions. Simulation results are validated by the average grain sizes measured on the metallographic images of the welding joint of TCS stainless steel. Preliminary discussion has been made on correlation of the grain growth with the thermal cycles and the effect of local variation in thermal cycles on the grain growth.


Models for extreme values accommodating non-stationarity have been amply studied and evaluated from a parametric perspective. Whilst these models are flexible, in the sense that many parametrizations can be explored, they assume an asymptotic distribution as the proper fit to observations from the tail. This paper provides a holistic approach to the modelling of non-stationary extreme events by iterating between parametric and semi-parametric approaches, thus providing an automatic procedure to estimate a moving threshold with respect to a periodic covariate in circular data. By exploiting advantages and mitigating pitfalls of each approach, a unified framework is provided as the backbone for estimating extreme quantiles, including that of the $T$-year level and finite right endpoint, which seeks to optimize bias-variance trade-off. To this end, two tuning parameters related to the spread of peaks over threshold are introduced. We provide guidance for applying the methodology to the directional modelling of hindcast storm peak significant wave heights recorded in the North Sea. Although the theoretical underpinning for adaptation of well-known estimators in statistics of extremes to circular data is given in some detail, the derivation of their asymptotic properties lays beyond the scope of this paper. A bootstrap technique is implemented for obtaining direction-driven confidence bounds in such a way as to account for the relevant boundary restrictions with minimal sensitivity to initial point. This provides a template for other applications where the analysis of directional extremes is of importance.


The tenth-anniversary conference of the Television from the Nations and Regions took place at The Lowry, Salford Quays on 27 November 2002. Attended by a record audience of over 300 delegates from the industry and HE the conference demonstrated the strength of interest in regional broadcasting and attracted some of the leading figures in the UK television industry to address the state of broadcasting in the nations and regions. Chaired by Tony Wilson, of Factory Records and Granada Television fame, the conference featured sessions by Eileen Gallagher, Chair of PACT, on the impact on the regions of the Communications Bill, a keynote address, 'A New Deal for the Regions', by Lord Puttnam, and sessions on the BBC with Jane Root, Channel 5 with Chris Shaw, and Channel 4 with Mark Thompson, and a special lunchtime 'fringe' meeting with Phil Redmond of Mersey Television. The 2002 conference was a timely event for a number of reasons. Not only was it the tenth anniversary of Television from the Nations and Regions itself, it was also in practical terms, ten years since the 1990 Broadcasting Act came into effect, bringing in the auction of ITV franchises to the highest bidder and the 25 per cent production requirement for independent producers. It was also 20 years since the inception of Channel 4, the ultimate publisher/broadcaster and outlet for so much independent production. Finally, of course the conference corresponded with the debates on the Communications Bill and the ITC's programme supply report. The conference debates and contributions were of a high order and the major theme throughout the day was a positive recognition of the importance of regional broadcasting, and the opportunities in the future for the nation and regions if what Lord Puttnam described as a 'historic opportunity' is seized. There was considerable debate about the Communications Bill, in particular the potential negative impact upon regional production, the challenges to the regions represented by one ITV and the potential threat posed by the possibility of takeover by overseas companies. Eileen Gallagher and John McVay of PACT (the independent producers' organization) spoke of positive amendments for the regions in the Bill, which may be encouraging for the future. Eileen contrasted this with the past, when as an ITV executive she was often required to raid regional budgets, 'the first port of call', in order to boost sixmonthly profits. The BBC was challenged on its national and regional policies, in particular the amount of screen time devoted to regional programmes produced in and


The utility model relates to a low-temperature plasma purifier for exhausting the pollutant of a diesel. The utility model is characterized in that the low-temperature plasma purifier is composed of a high-voltage pulse power supply, a plasma generator and a control device, wherein the output end of the control device is connected with the high-voltage pulse power supply which is connected with the plasma generator. The utility model has the advantages of short purifying time, high efficiency, safety, reliability, wide applicable range, simple system construction, light weight, small volume and low energy consumption of power supply, can simultaneously purify various exhausted pollutant for the diesel, has the function of selecting oxidation performance, can purify and degrade organic matters, such as olefin, toluene and aldehyde substance, etc., can also be used for natural gas and the exhaust gas purification of substitute material (comprising oxygen) combustion engines, has small influence for the power and the economic performance of the diesel, and is easy to match with different automobiles.


Aim To investigate the immunomdulatory effects of total flavones of oldenlandia diffusa willd (FOD).Methods In immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide, IgM production,proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, levels of IL-2 and INF-γ in serum were used to study the specific immunity of FOD. White blood cell count of mice suppressed by cyclophosphamide and cytarabine was used to observe the non-specific immunity of FOD.Results FOD(60 (mg·kg~(-1))) enhanced IgM production in (immunosup-)pressed mice induced by Cy and white blood cell count of mice suppressed by cytarabine and cyclophosphamide ;FOD(15,30 and 60 mg·kg~(-1)) increased proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and enhanced levels of IL-2 and INF-γ in serum in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Conclusion FOD enhances the specific and non-specific immunity.


This paper deals with three key non-ballistic effects of carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNT-FET) and also shows the significance of band bending and tunneling effect on off-state current of the device. A high dielectric material for gate insulator has been proposed because it enhances electrostatic control and reduces the short channel effects. Thus, by using higher dielectric materials, a significant reduction in IOFF takes place. As a result, ION/IOFF ratio also increases. The effect of temperature has also been discussed throughout the work.


A review of 3777 deliveries was made over a period of 5 years, 33 cases of ruptured uterus were recorded during the review period. High parity and injudicious use of Oxytocic drugs by unskilled personnel were the main contributory factors. The incidence of ruptures uterus was 8.8 per thousand deliveries with only one rupture in the hospital. The incidence increased over the 5 years from 1 rupture in 199 deliveries in 1981 to 1 in 76 deliveries in 1985. Foetal mortality was 91%.


Over the past decade, drivers in the UK have become subject to increasing amounts of surveillance as they go about their daily activities. Both speed cameras and Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems watch over ever-expanding portions of the road network with a view to the identification of motor vehicles being used in an illegal manner, potentially leading to the offending individual being traced and punished and the protection of 'law-abiding' road users. Both technologies also generate large volumes of data which could be used to increase the State's knowledge about our movements. As such, the two systems have many similarities. However, the public reception of the two technologies has shown marked differences. This article combines the findings of two separate research projects, one of which focused on speed cameras and the other on ANPR, but both of which included an exploration of the surveillance experience of UK drivers. The findings suggest that, while both forms of surveillance have their supporters and opponents, the ways in which these positions are justified show some significant difference. It is proposed that this can be explained in terms of differences in the 'criminal' nature of the populations who constitute their respective behavioural foci, along with strategies adopted in the marketing of the two systems. Drivers, as a result, occupy a complex role which veers between the dominance of the identities of offender and victim, alternatively protected by and problematized by state surveillance of their activities which increasingly intrudes into their lives.


The invention provides an automatic liquid-sampling device, comprising a working platform, wherein an electric liquid-transfer device, a sensor, an automatic control system and eight movable functional components, i.e., a turntable I for placing a bottle rest I of a bottle A, a turntable II for placing a bottle rest II of a bottle B, a turntable III for placing a bottle rest III of a sampling head, a transfer table I for transferring the bottle A, a transfer table II for transferring the bottle B, a transfer table III for transferring a sample in the electric liquid-transfer device, a clamping base I for clamping the bottle A and a clamping base II for clamping the bottle B, are arranged above the working platform; and the automatic control system is respectively connected with the eight components. Through the automatic liquid-sampling device, liquid in a sealed container can be sampled in the environment of strong ionizing and radiation, a same sample can be sampled repeatedly, and different samples can be sampled continuously; in addition, the components of the sampling device can also be operated individually.