The paper presents a method, developed by the authors, for manufacturing polymer composites with the matrix manufactured in a layered manner (via 3D printing – Fused Deposition Modeling) out of a thermoplastic material. As an example of practical application of this method, functional prototypes are presented, which were used as elements of foundry tooling – patterns for sand molding. In case of manufacturing prototype castings or short series of products, foundries usually cooperate with modeling studios, which produce patterns by conventional, subtractive manufacturing technologies. If patterns have complex shapes, this results in high manufacturing costs and significantly longer time of tooling preparation. The method proposed by the authors allows manufacturing functional prototypes in a short time thanks to utilizing capabilities of additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology. Thanks to using two types of materials simultaneously (ABS combined with chemically hardened resins), the produced prototypes are capable of carrying increased loads. Moreover, the method developed by the authors is characterized by manufacturing costs lower than in the basic technology of Fused Deposition Modeling. During the presented studies, the pattern was produced as a polymer composite and it was used to prepare a mold and a set of metal castings.


We have designed, fabricated, and evaluated gallium arsenide Read IMPATT diodes for Ka-band (36-38 GHz)operation. The devices were packaged units intended for manufacturability and high yield. Oscillator output power as high as 710-mW CW was obtained at 9-percent efficiency. This paper describes design and fabrication techniques employed and discusses the potential and limitations of such devices.


Selects the reference RE in RE group having a plurality of resource elements based on the channel information of the reference RE, to produce a pre-processing filter having a plurality of RE in RE group to share the reference RE among the plurality of RE based on the channel information of RE except to generate a covariance matrix for each RE, excluding the reference RE, the pre-processing filter and the covariance matrices by selectively using compensating the received signal for each of the plurality of RE it allows comprising generating a detection signal for the RE group, received signal processing method and MIMO receiver is disclosed. .The 16


This book relates the physicochemical properties of
phenolic compounds to their antioxidant activities.
It focuses on the partitioning of phenolic compounds
between hydrophilic and lipophilic environments and
the relevance this has to their in vivo health
effects. The partition coefficients (log P) of
phenolic antioxidants were measured by RP-HPLC.
The lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Capacity Assay
(LPIC), based on using liposomes to simulate a cell
membrane environment, was developed to measure the
activity of antioxidants with a broad range of
structures. The activities were correlated against
several physicochemical parameters and used to
derive a predictive model to calculate the LPIC
activity. The LPIC activities also correlated well
to published LDL inhibition activities but not to
measured ORAC activities. These findings suggested
that behaviours of antioxidants in the small
unilamellar vesicles of the LPIC assay were similar
to that in the LDL assay but not to the aqueous
phase based ORAC assay. The LPIC assay may
therefore be a better indicator of potential health
benefits of antioxidants in the human body.


A 3-D plastic potential function was proposed to describe nonlinear be havior in anisotropic fiber composites following classical plasticity theory. The assump tion that uniform dilatational strains do not contribute to plastic deformation was used. Further simplification was obtained by ignoring the plastic deformation along the fiber direction which is an acceptable assumption for most advanced fiber composites. The va lidity of this plastic potential was examined by employing finite element micromechanical analysis.


To determine the buy and sell time is one of the most important issues for investors in stock market. In this paper, a fuzzy approach to stock market timing is investigated. A fuzzy decision system is constructed based on experiences and techniques of stock and future opportunist. The fuzzy rules are optimized by taking exchange volume into account for better fitting the stock market of mainland China. Simulations are conducted to some well-known stocks in China's A-share market, and the simulation result reveals that the proposed method has desirable performance in a rapid change market.


Objective To discuss the adipose-related genes changes before and after orbital adipocyte differentiation in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).Methods Ρreadipocytes from 14 TAO patients' orbits were cultured and differentiated into mature adipocyte.Using RT-PCR detection,the different gene expression were compared before and after differentiation,such as transcription factors PPARγ,Pref-1,adipocytokines Leptin,Adiponectin and TSHR.Results The relative gradations of mRNA expression after preadipocyte differentiation were Leptin 0.82±0.09,Adiponetic 0.79±0.05,PPARγ 0.62±0.05,TSHR 0.86±0.08,Pref-1 0.70±0.04.Stronger PPARγ,Ieptin,Adiponectin,TSHR mRNA expression were showed after adipose differentiation(P0.05).There were no significant change in Pref-1 mRNA expression.Conclusion The preadipocytes in the orbit of TAO can be differentiated into mature lipid-filled adiocytes in appropriate medium,followed the related genes changes,which may make important effects on the development of TAO.


The invention relates to a taximeter pricing method of a taxi, and discloses a taxi carpool pricing system, a pricing method and a booking method of the taxi carpool pricing system. The taxi carpool pricing system comprises a taximeter, and further comprises a navigating instrument which is provided with a route planning module, a trail recording module and a route modifying module, the taximeter is connected with the navigating instrument in a bidirectional mode, and the taximeter is a carpool taximeter. The taxi carpool pricing system further discloses different rewarding methods and taxi booking methods. Due to the fact that pricing can be respectively conducted for groups of carpool passengers, meanwhile relevant rewards can be given to the carpool passengers, the passengers are encouraged to ride together, resource waste is reduced and traffic block is relieved to a certain extent, the passengers and drivers can be mutually benefited, information uploaded by the taxi drivers such as empty, about to get off and available for carpool is received by the passengers through a remote service module, passengers can book and battle for an order and plan a travel, the passengers in the same route can further ride together in vehicle rush hours of on and off duty, phenomena of waiting for vehicles for overlong time can be avoided, and outgoing is convenient.


Here, we report the nature of new di-α-amino (L1–L3) and α-amino-α-hydroxyphosphinic (L4–L6) acids, which are considered potential inhibitors of the aminopeptidase N, adsorbed on a colloidal silver surface by means of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. In order to reveal the adsorption mechanism of these species from their SERS spectra, Fourier-transform Raman (FT-RS) spectra of these nonadsorbed molecules were measured. By examining the enhancement, shift in wavenumbers, and changes in breadth of the SERS bands due to the adsorption process, we revealed that the tilted compounds interact with the colloidal silver substrate mainly through the benzene ring, amino group, and phosphinic moiety in the following way. The benzene ring of L2 and L3 is 'standing up' on the colloidal silver surface, and the CN bond is almost vertical to it, while the tilt angle between the OPO bond and this surface is greater than 45°. On the other hand, for L1, L4, and L5, the aromatic ring and CN bond are arranged more or less tilted, and the tilt angle between the OPO bond and the silver substrate is smaller than 45°. The elongation of the bond to the benzene ring, the L6 case, produces an almost horizontal orientation of the benzene ring and the OPO bond on the silver nanoparticles.

For these ligands, the complement inhibition IC50 tested in vitro using porcine kidney leucine aminopeptidase was correlated mainly with the behavior of the OPO and CCHN fragments on the silver surface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this assessment was to provide the basic data for setting up education in terms of 'Hand wash' as one of the health plan & education programs for adolescents. The task analyzed the behavior of students regarding hand washing, which were ranged from middle school to high school. The SPSS 18.0 statistical program, frequency-test and cross-analysis were used for data analysis by 2011, 2012 and 2013, which were the recent 3 years, the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data. In the data, the response of "Never washed" from students before having a meal accounted for 29.4% in 2011, 30.5% in 2012 and 18.5% in 2013, respectively. Unlike other subjects, these facts suggest that this kind of behavior should be considered significant under the assessment. By tracking the trend over three years, some facts were confirmed in that students living in the metropolitan and medium-sized cities were less likely to wash their hands than students in smallsized towns. In terms of gender, female students were less likely to wash their hands than male students. Regarding the type of school, more students in the public middle & high schools had a tendency to respond "Never hand wash" than the students in the special-purpose high schools. Furthermore, as the grade was increased in middle school and high school, students were less likely to wash their hands before meals in school. Therefore, Health promotion and health education for students should be conducted more carefully with more emphasis on this point.


A new method that identifies coupled fluid-structure systems with a reduced set of state variables is presented. Assuming that the structural model is known a priori, from either an analysis or a test and using linear transformations between structural and aeroelastic states, it is possible to deduce aerodynamic information from sampled time histories of the aeroelastic system. More specifically, given a finite set of structural modes, the method extracts a generalized aerodynamic force matrix corresponding to these mode shapes. Once the aerodynamic forces are known, an aeroelastic reduced-order model can be constructed in discrete-time state-space format by coupling the structural model and the aerodynamic system. It is demonstrated that the resulting reduced-order models are accurate, robust, and suitable for aeroelastic analysis at constant Mach, varying density conditions.


• 100,000 Americans suffer from sickle cell anemia (SCA). • A severe hereditary form of anemia in which red blood cells can mutate into a sickle shape causing severe pain crises. • Persistent pain leads to the use of such drugs as duloxetine, gabapentin, amitriptyline, and opiates. • Negatively impacts quality of life. • Research does suggest that cannabis could have a beneficial effect on the management of both chronic pain and acute pain.


asking for a divorce, evidently the man in the photo "my mother buried in a book." ("Doubled") In the wild mountain camp named Grace, the end of the war is preceded for both sisters by the loss of loves. Yet this poem is filled with energy, challenge, the vibrant life of both sisters and their love for each other. As they learn the war is over, they seem ready to leave their losses behind and set out again on a new path. This writer, then is granted grace to reach back over time and transmute photos, facts, and memories through imagination and art into the imagined experience of this intense young woman Lois who would become his mother. The dark thread of pain that marks earlier references to death gives way here to the comic relief of Major Flora's story about stealing a woman's corpse for burial after her wake had gone on for four days. The sudden release of energy in the verse conveying the news that the war is over also tells us that the process of grieving is finished. The poet has achieved a sense of his mother as a woman very much alive, very much herself, and with it a release of creative energy. In the tradition of Milton's classic elegy Lycidas ("Tomorrow to fresh woods, and pastures new"), the jubilation in McFee's final lines acknowledges a new beginning not only for the sisters in 1945 but also for the poet in his own time.


Trade statistics of Indonesian cut flower indicates the potential of Indonesia as an exporting country. The international market becomes more attractive as the increasing trend of demand and the rising cost for producing cut flowers shows the various challenges for emerging countries. This study investigates whether the analytical gravity model fixed effect, common effect or random effect model is proper and what determinants have significant effects to the exports of Indonesian cut flower to partner countries. The data encompasses the period of 2008 to 2017 as the series data and the seven destination export countries from Indonesia as the cross-sectional data, using the panel regression with the basic gravity model. The estimation results show the fixed effects model is the proper model to explain the determinants of bilateral export on cut flower. The estimates imply the corroborate signs with GDP per capita of Indonesia, GDP per capita of partner countries and exchange rate while those variables with the opposite sign are distance and trade openness. Thus, the export promotion, quality improvement and technology development are required in the development of export of cut flower industries.


In fodder yeast production from sulphite spent liquor, sulphur dioxide is well-known as a yeast poison. The present paper deals with the detailed influence of sulphur dioxide.

The experimental work was done in a laboratory fermenter under technical conditions. A decrease in biomass yield, and an increase in oxygen consumption, caused by increasing carbon dioxide production, were found.

During the fermentation, there is no destruction of the carbonyl-bisulphite adduct to be observed. Sulphur dioxide has no influence on the crude protein content of yeast cells, and there is also no influence on the morphology of cells.


We report the structural, lattice dynamics and electronic structure of mixed halo-fluoride scintillators MClF (M = Ca, Sr) based on density functional theory within generalized gradient approximation. The pressure dependent structural parameters and zone centered phonon frequencies are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. Both the structures are dynamically stable up to 50 GPa. MClF compounds are found to have a direct band gap along Γ−Γ direction at ambient as well as under pressure. It is found that these materials can serve as good storage phosphors in the low pressure region from the calculated electronic structure and optical spectra.


Abstract Fish smoking is widely used in the fish processing industry, especially in the post-harvest catfish product due to its simple operating technique. The objective of this study was to optimise the tray loading capacity of a smoking kiln for catfish. A mixture design was employed to investigate the effects of varied fish size (0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 kg) component tray loading on the loading capacity, drying rate and moisture ratio during smoking process. The results showed that the loading capacity of the kiln was between 190 and 198 pieces of fish at minimum and maximum 50 and 52 kg. High moisture ratio was observed at equal size combination at low drying rate. The catfish weight mixtures of 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 kg used to evaluate the kiln load capacity optimization were significant (P < 0.05). The smoking kiln worked optimally at catfish size (50, 50 and 0 %) with maximum desirability of 0.63 resulted in weight of fish loaded of 51.30 kg, moisture ratio of 0.21 and drying rate of 0.5 kg−1 h. This study brings new knowledge about the loading capacity and confirms that the smoking kiln is an acceptable technology for processing fish.


rubber and oil-palm estates, small Chinese estates and gardens, and patches of jungle and secondary jungle. The remainder of the Section was employed on the west coast. This coast of Johore is low-lying and mainly swampy, the 50-foot contour generally being about I2 miles from the coast. Along the coast there is a fringe of mangrove swamp about half a mile wide and inside this a belt of cultivation, mainly native coconut palm plantations, from 3 to io miles wide. From the edge of cultivation to the main road there is jungle swamp and frequently flooded land. The cultivated part of this area is intersected with hundreds of small parits (canals for draining) and some large parits and a few rivers, navigable for sampans. It has a large Malay population, as well as several small Chinese towns and villages. Topographical work in both these districts, although frequently impeded by floods, was simple and progressed rapidly. Owing to the absence of hills, except near Batu Pahat, we had a certain amount of difficulty in fixing trigonometrical points. Time did not allow any theodolite traverses, and the few points required were mainly resections and intersections from the western points of our central Johore triangulation scheme. In this area we were able to make considerable use of aeroplane photographs of the coast and rivers, and also of the Revenue Survey work of the Johore Survey Department.


Filter optimization problems involve time-consuming simulations and many variables in the design. These problems require a large amount of computation. This paper proposes an adaptive online updating 1D convolutional autoencoders (AOU-1D-CAE) surrogate model for solving this computationally expensive problem. In the optimization process, an adaptive update surrogate mapping between input variables and output objectives is constructed within the surrogate model AOU-1D-CAE framework. AOU-1D-CAE can replace electromagnetic (EM) simulation software for data collection, and select and automatically use the accumulated data as training samples to train the AOU-1D-CAE surrogate model. With more and more training samples, the learning ability of the surrogate model is also becoming stronger and stronger. The experimental results show that the data collection efficiency of AOU-1D-CAE is greatly improved, and the automatic update of the sample set improves the prediction performance of the surrogate model. In this paper, the optimization framework is AOU-1D-CAE-assisted particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the surrogate model assists PSO to find the global optimal solution. In the PSO stage, PSO automatically updates and saves the optimal solution, and takes the optimal solution of each stage as the initial solution of the next optimization stage to avoid falling into the local optimal solution. The optimization time is greatly saved and the optimization efficiency is improved. The continuous iteration of PSO also improves the prediction accuracy of the surrogate model. The efficiency of the proposed surrogate model is demonstrated by using two cavity filters as examples.


Whether or not Enterprise is develping healthily and lasting depends to a large extent on Enterprise Strategic Decision. This Paper set forth the importance of Strategic Decision and developing tendency of Strategic Decision on the direction of Enterprise Development.


Objectives: Osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) and fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) are popular cartilage restoration techniques that involve the single-stage implantation of viable, mature hyaline cartilage into focal chondral defects of the knee. Both techniques have demonstrated good results, as defined by statistically significant post-surgical improvements in patient-reported outcome measures. Recently, there has been greater focus on what represents a clinically relevant change in outcomes reporting, and commonly applied metrics for measuring clinical significance, such as the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB), have become the standard. Although a previous study defined a MCID in patients treated for articular cartilage defects in the knee (Greco et al, AJSM 2010), these patients were treated with various cartilage restoration procedures (e.g., debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation), and none were treated with OAT/OCA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to define the MCID and SCB thresholds after OAT/OCA for the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (IKDC) and Knee Outcome Survey-Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL) and to determine clinical and demographic patient factors predictive for achieving the MCID and SCB after OAT/OCA. Methods: A prospective institutional cartilage registry was reviewed to identify patients who underwent OAT/OCA. The IKDC and KOS-ADL were administered preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. The MCID and SCB of these outcome scores were calculated using anchor-based methods. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the SCB using an anchor question, with the area under the curve (AUC) used to evaluate predictive ability. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify patient factors associated with achieving the MCID and SCB. Results: In total, 173 knees in 173 patients (mean age, 33.0 ± 13.2 years; 37.0% female) were identified. Patient demographics and clinical variables are listed in Table 1. Using the anchor-based method, the MCID for the IKDC and KOS-ADL were 17 ± 3.9 and 10 ± 3.7, respectively. Using the ROC method, the SCB for the IKDC and KOS-ADL were 32 (AUC 0.86) and 10 (AUC 0.76), respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated no association between procedure (OAT or OCA) or lesion location and likelihood of achieving the MCID/SCB. In multivariate analysis, lower preoperative IKDC scores and higher preoperative Marx Activity Scale scores were predictive of achieving an MCID and SCB on the IKDC, and lower preoperative KOS-ADL scores, lower preoperative SF-36 pain subscale scores, and a history of 1 or less previous ipsilateral knee surgeries were predictive of achieving a MCID and SCB on the KOS-ADL (Table 2). Conclusion: In patients treated for focal cartilage defects of the knee with osteochondral grafts, these values can be used to define a clinically important change and substantial clinical benefit for future outcome studies. In this study population, higher preoperative activity levels and a history of 1 or less previous ipsilateral knee surgeries were predictive of achieving a clinically important change and substantial clinical benefit after OAT/OCA. These findings have implications for managing preoperative expectations of OAT/OCA surgery. Table 1. Patient Demographics and Clinical Variables of Included Patients (N = 173) Age, y 33 ± 13.2  Mean ± SD 56 (32.4)  Age <40 y 64 (37.0) Female sex 25.8 ± 4.5 Body mass index, kg/m2 1.3 ± 1.5 No. of previous surgeries Chondral lesion characteristics  Lesion location  Medial femoral condyle 79 (45.7)  Lateral femoral condyle 59 (34.1)  Trochlea 28 (16.2)  Patella 30 (17.3)  Lesion area, cm2 4.3 ± 2.6 Procedure  Osteochondral autograft transfer 75 (43.4)  Osteochondral allograft transplantation 98 (56.7) Concomitant procedures  ACLR 2 (1.2)  Meniscus allograft transplantation 7 (4.0)  Realignment osteotomy 17 (9.8) Data are reported as n (%) unless otherwise indicated. ACLR = anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Table 2. Multivariable Logistic Models for Achieving MCID and SCB Odds Ratio (95% CI) P Value Achieving MCID on IKDC  Age (≥40 y/<40 y) 1.01 (0.43-2.40) 0.985  Sex (Female/Male) 0.96 (0.43-2.18) 0.923  Preoperative IKDC 0.95 (0.92-0.98) 0.001  Preoperative Marx Activity Scale 1.11 (1.03-1.19) 0.005 Achieving SCB ON IKDC  Age (≥40 y/<40 y) 0.60 (0.24-1.40) 0.244  Sex (Female/Male) 0.69 (0.31-1.50) 0.360  Preoperative IKDC 0.95 (0.92-0.98) 0.001  Preoperative Marx Activity Scale 1.14 (1.07-1.23) <0.001 Achieving MCID and SCB on KOS-ADL  Age (≥40 y/<40 y) 0.92 (0.40-2.12) 0.845  Sex (Female/Male) 1.46 (0.67-3.24) 0.343  Previous Knee Surgeries (>1/≤1) 0.32 (0.14-0.69) 0.005  Preoperative KOS-ADL 0.96 (0.93-0.99) 0.009  Preoperative SF-36 Pain Subscale 0.98 (0.96-1.00) 0.043 IKDC = International Knee Documentation Committee Subject Form; KOS-ADL = Knee Outcome Survey - Activities of Daily Living Scale; MCID = minimal clinically significant difference; SCB = substantial clinical benefit


Objective: To discuss a range of strategies to address the methodological and practical challenges in designing cross‐cultural public health studies.


The important role of the biogenic factor in sedimentary ore genesis now, after more than a hundred years after the publication of V. I. Vernadskys and Ya. V. Samoylovs papers, has become an indisputable fact for everyone. Discussions mainly take place as to how productive the activity of organisms was in the formation of specific exploitable minerals. In 2004, a joint monograph of Russian geologists Biomorphic Structures in Bauxite was published. Using the examples of dozens of deposits of a huge stratigraphic range from the Late Proterozoic age to the Quaternary period and wide geographic range (Africa, Eurasia, Australia and America), active participation of various microbial communities in the bauxite formation was shown in the monograph. This article demonstrates new results of electron microscopic study of ores from Eva bauxite deposit, which is little known in Russia, and continues researching this topic, which was initiated by E. L. Shkolnik.


A qualitative process evaluation of five Integrated Offender Management (IOM) pioneer areas was undertaken to assess implementation of IOM, identify approaches to implementation and capture the lessons learnt. The findings indicated that IOM enabled structural changes, transforming the delivery of offender management. There was considerable commitment and enthusiasm for IOM at the sites, whilst acknowledging barriers to development such as definition, resourcing, governance and clarity of agency roles. Since the evaluation took place, the political and criminal justice landscape has changed somewhat, supporting a more locally driven approach which can draw on the learning directly from the pioneers which were shaped and delivered locally.


Child restraint performance in frontal and lateral crash simulations is presented and discussed based upon tests conducted on the Calspan HYGE acceleration sled. Differing acceleration pulses for frontal tests were used to evaluate the pulse shape effect upon the child restraint systems. Data obtained include head excursion, head and chest triaxial accelerations, Head Severity Index (HSI) and Chest Severity Index (CSI) values for the ATDs. High speed movie coverage produced dummy kinematic results. From the results of this study comparisons are made between the effects of different pulse shapes, the effects of different ATDs on restraint performance and the dynamic performance of the ATD/restraint complex under both proper and improper system installation. FMVSS 213 and Canadian P. C. 1974-1013 dynamic performance criteria are discussed in light of the findings of this study.


Aiming at the main problems of the centralized control substation,combining the project of microcomputer centralized control to prevent"5 kinds of wrong operation"in Ningdong Power Sup ply Bureau,analyzes the structure,work principle and function characteristics of the operating system of microcomputer centralized control to prevent"5 kinds of wrong operation",bring forward design and construction schemes.The application result shows that the schemes have advanced design,easy implementation and steady operation,satisfies the development demand of substation with microcomputer centralized control to prevent"5 kinds of wrong operation".


Objective To study the expression of APOBEC3G in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) in different chronic HBV infected patients.Methods The expression level of APOBEC3G in PBMC was detected in different types of patients with chronic HBV infection(chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis,liver cancer) by using the Real-time fluorescence relative quantitative PCR.Results The levels of APOBEC3G in PBMC in patients with chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis,or liver cancer were all significantly higher than those of the healthy people(t= 18.32,11.07,15.60,P0.05),but there was no statistical difference on expression of APOBEC3G in PBMC among these patients(t=0.45,0.86,0.69,P0.05).Conclusions The expression of APOBEC3G in PBMC in chronic HBV infected patients could increase,but high expression of APOBEC3G may be only the satellite phenomenon of chronic HBV infection.APOBEC3G might not play an inhibitive effect on HBV replication directly in vivo.


This paper describes an inexpensive, fully automatic measuring system to specify frequency characteristics of op-amps. It includes the IEEE-488 standard bus interface, and is capable of an on-line data entry to a shared host computer with the aid of an originally developed bus controller.


A very religious man wanted to win the lottery. Every Sunday he would go to the church and pray: 'God, I have been such a pious man all of my life. Would it be so bad if I won the lottery?' Years passed and he didn't win. Week after week, month after month, he would go to the church and pray to the Lord for deliverance but he didn't win the lottery. Finally one Sunday he couldn't take it any more. He wailed to the heavens: 'God, I have been such a religious man all my life, what do I have to do to win the lottery?' And suddenly the heavens parted and the voice of God boomed out, "Give me a chance. Buy a ticket."


The Arab Creation Myth consists of several layers of themes, stories and cross-references, which are pointers to the fact that they are the produce of several successive Arab civilisations, the earliest of which can be traced back to the time of the Flood. It is a collection of stories that tell the story of creation from the moment Allah became aware of the vast empty space around Him to the time of Qaabeel's death. The Arab Creation Myth has distinct features, one of which is the relationship between Allah and Iblees, Adam and Hawwa. It has also features similar to those in other creation myths. One of these features is the repetition of certain words, phrases and numbers like the 'seven heavens' and the 'seven earths' and 'a distance of five hundred years', which have a ritualistically mesmerising effect on the reader and the listener. Keywords: Adam; Allah; Arab Creation Myth; Hawwa; Iblees; Qaabeel


Experimental evidence accumulating during the past few years definitely connects the liberation of internal secretions from the ovary with the phenomenon of sexual receptivity in female rats (Lipschutz '24). A striking illustration of this causal relationship was recently given by Allen ('24) when he demonstrated that sexual receptivity may be brought about in premature females or females from which the ovaries have been removed by the injection of fluids taken from the mature Graafian follicles of swine. Familiarity Avith this evidence has led the author to raise the question as to whether maternal behavior is similarly conditioned by hormones liberated at or near the time of parturition. Experimental observations on the rat would seem to show that maternal behavior is not aroused by any known factors of the external environment that are equally potent for non-pregnant and virgin females, but that it is in some way conditioned by physiological factors attendant upon pregnancy, parturition, and nursing of...


Introduction: the article is devoted to the ethno-symbolic objectification of the material forms of culture. The subjects of the analysis are utensils, clothing and religious objects of the Ob Ugrians and the Samoyeds. Objective: to define the polysemy of the notion "thing" in the traditional culture of the Khanty, the Mansi and the Nenets, as well as the temporal embodiment of social in the objects created by man. Research materials: materials on the ethnography and folklore of the Ob Ugrians and the Samoyeds, as well as the oral reports of the informants are the research materials of the article. The theoretical bases of the work are methodological approaches formulated by representatives of cognitive anthropology. The author of the article adheres to the principle of integrity, which allows considering the polysemy of the notion "thing" as a unity of material and symbolic. Results and novelty of research: the article draws attention to the fact that the objectification is fit into the general conception of creation of the world: from the first creation, the establishment of space-time coordinates to the "revival" of the created. For the first time we focus on the reflection of temporal beliefs of the Ob Ugrians and the Samoyeds in the objects created by man.


The rapid development of social media is now due to everyone like being able to have their own media. To have traditional media such as television, radio, or newspaper, it requires a lot of capital and a lot of labor, so it is different with social media where a user can access the internet without expensive tools and is done by himself. Social media users are free to edit, add, modify text, images, videos, graphics, and various other content models. Looking further, social media has become a new type of communication in the level of mass communication that is most widely used universally. The concept of social media has basically been presented in an article at Harvard University in 1966 or 51 years ago by a researcher who conducted a persuasive communication study, the ernest dichter, which turned out to have something to do with current social media trends. In general there are four important things discovered by Ernest Dichter regarding one's motivation to communicate a new thing (which can be interpreted as a brand, namely: First, the public likes to talk about a brand because of the influence of the product itself (33% of the total population); Second, the influence in oneself (24%); Third, influence outside of oneself (20%); Fourth, the contents of the message itself (20%) (detik.com).


We provide ingredients and recipes for computing signals of TeV-scale Dark Matter annihilations and decays in the Galaxy and beyond. For each DM channel, we present the energy spectra of at production, computed by high-statistics simulations. We estimate the Monte Carlo uncertainty by comparing the results yielded by the Pythia and Herwig event generators. We then provide the propagation functions for charged particles in the Galaxy, for several DM distribution profiles and sets of propagation parameters. Propagation of e± is performed with an improved semi-analytic method that takes into account position-dependent energy losses in the Milky Way. Using such propagation functions, we compute the energy spectra of e±,p̄ and d̄ at the location of the Earth. We then present the gamma ray fluxes, both from prompt emission and from Inverse Compton scattering in the galactic halo. Finally, we provide the spectra of extragalactic gamma rays. All results are available in numerical form and ready to be consumed.


Background: Antibiotic resistance is a problem leading to difficulty in treating microbial infections thatmay occur due to many causes. For the important pharmacist role as a reference for the information and theability to access to medications, they are vital members in lowering the development of antibiotic resistance,and also they support the proper use and control of antibioticsmisuse. Our goal is comparing the knowledge,attitude, practice of undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students and their perceptions about thecausing factors of antibiotic resistance in Iraq.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted involving the final year bachelor and postgraduate (masterand Philosophical doctor) students from different private and public pharmacy universities in Iraq. Anadjusted questionnaire was administrated to 233 students electronically and the results obtained wereanalyzed by using SPSS 20 for Windows Descriptive. A significant difference was found in the knowledgeof antibiotic between undergraduate and postgraduate(Master and Philosophical doctor) students (Meanknowledge score5.32 versus 5.92 respectively, p<0.001).Attitude data also showed a higher positive attitudeof postgraduate students according to antibiotic use and resistance when compared to undergraduatestudents (Mean attitude score: 2.97 versus 2.92 respectively, p<0.05). Significant difference was observed inpractices of the comparative students groups regarding to the frequency of self- medication, reason, sourcesof antibiotic use and in terms of disease condition where they used(p<0.05) . Continuous mutation and genechanges of micro-organism taken the higher percentages answere d yes for the undergraduate students whilethe limited restrictions on antibiotic usage taken the higher percentages answere d yes for the postgraduatestudents (89.1% and 98.5%respectively).Conclusion: We can conclude from data of our study that there is a significant difference in the knowledge,attitude, practice of antibiotic use and perceptions of the possible causes of resistance between postgraduate(master and Philosophical doctor) and undergraduate (fifth year bachelor) pharmacy students when assessingthe use of antibiotic and related resistance. This will help to determine the educational requirements forpharmacy students in colleges of Iraq for better understanding and dealing with the antibiotic resistanceproblem in the future


Microgravity experiments of complex plasmas were carried out through the international collaboration on the International Space Station (ISS). The apparatus is named PK-3 Plus, which is the second-generation apparatus on the ISS. Due to the limitation of weight and size, cameras with four different fields of view are the main diagnostics of PK-3 Plus. Therefore, indispensable parameters to understand behavior of the complex plasmas are estimated from measurements on the ground and calculations. In this paper, several important parameters for the critical phenomena of charged systems are estimated.


Carbon sequestered in trees is recognized as a valuable resource towards reducing carbon emissions. A methodology is developed to estimate above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon of the urban forest in 7 towns utilizing existing tree inventory data. Growth rates derived from 69 slab and core samples showed a linear relationship between age and diameter. Species was found to be a key determinant of growth. Carbon density maps revealed that the largest amounts of stored carbon were associated with areas where large, mature trees are located. Infill planting of 8,300 trees over the next 10-20 years will not necessarily increase carbon stock, depending on the quantity and types of trees removed from Council's replacement programs. The outcomes of this research will provide urban forest managers with a simple, yet effective, methodology to estimate, visualize and communicate current and future carbon stocks from inventory data.


In the early 1990's Greece enters a new age of globalization and economic change, by taking part in the process of European Integration. In this new environment, economic convergence and growth are the priorities of national economic policy, while development and production issues are put aside to be tackled by the regional policy of the Union. The main argument is that, by opening up and "modernizing" the economic structure, the national regional policy in Greece is devaluated and entirely dependent on political consensus on the targeting of European cohesion. The purpose of the paper is to describe the new policy model, as it is formed under the impact of internal and external, political and economic developments that lead to crisis, and to explain its geographic implications. We conclude that regional policy is turning to efficiency and distribution and leaves "unevenness" to be handled by the market forces, in the frame of a new paradigm that is expanded all over E.U..


Blending ultrafine-grained microstructure with other added reinforcement elements that can provide good strength-microstructural integrity is the primary metallurgical target for any developed composite to exhibit its maximum strength at reduced cost and energy in aerospace application. Such nano-reinforced aluminium alloy composites are processed through the addition of nano alumina using powder metallurgy route followed by microwave-assisted T6 heat treatment. Homogeneous nucleation by increasing the activation energy at the grain interface by the addition of nano alumina resulted in ultrafine-grained microstructure and significantly enhanced the mechanical properties like microhardness and strength of the fabricated nanocomposites.


In this paper we consider the problem of whether certain homogeneous or non-homogeneous differential polynomials in f(z) necessarily have infinitely many zeros. Particularly, this extends a result of Gopalakrishna and Bhoosnurmath [3, Theorem 2] for a general differential polynomial of degree d (P ) and lower degree d (P ).


Objective: To present and define the context of a medical prescription dating from the eighteenth century in the New Kingdom of Granada, used for the suppression of menstruation, and to analyze it in the light of current knowledge as to whether its ingredients as a whole, may or may not achieve inhibition of menstrual bleeding.Materials and methods: documentary search in the Historical Archives of the Octavio Arizmendi Posada Library at Universidad de La Sabana where the prescription "Opilation and menstrual suppression" was found. A review of the literature available in SciELO/proQuest databases was subsequently conducted for the period 1993–2015.Conclusions: The manuscript found in the Historical Archives of the Universidad de La Sabana describe multiple ingredients that, as a whole, and analyzed in light of current knowledge, are not valid to achieve the alleged suppressive effect. However, the components of the "liquid vitriol of Mars" could be recognized as having antianemic properties, and the potential suppressive effect of prescribing vigorous exercise in the middle of the menstrual cycle, although the recipe


Simple Summary Pain elimination during the surgical castration of male piglets is an important animal welfare issue. Bans on castration without pain relief are pending in most pork-producing European countries. Surgical castration of suckling piglets without anesthesia has been prohibited in Germany since January 2021. Boar fattening, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccination and surgical castration under isoflurane or injection anesthesia are permitted as legal alternatives. These alternatives have advantages and disadvantages, and a feasible and simple method is still needed. The legal basis for another alternative, i.e., the application of a local anesthetic by the farmer prior to castration, has been created in Germany, but evidence of its efficacy remains controversial. The present study developed a feasible and effective method for local anesthesia in piglet castration. Two different injection techniques in combination with the local anesthetics lidocaine and mepivacaine were investigated using nociceptive parameters, injection pressure and tissue distribution. Both injection techniques significantly reduced the nociceptive parameters regardless of the local anesthetic used and achieved similar distribution patterns and injection pressures. One method performed slightly better in the experimental setup, based on injection duration and handling. Abstract The present study evaluated the effects of two injection techniques in combination with lidocaine or mepivacaine for piglets undergoing castration. To improve ease of use, a cannula with side holes (one-step fenestrated (F)) was invented to simultaneously deliver a local anesthetic into the testis and scrotum and was compared to a two-step injection technique. The distribution of a lidocaine/contrast agent mixture using the two methods was examined using computed tomography. Piglets were randomly divided into treatment groups: handling, castration without pain relief and castration after lidocaine or mepivacaine injection using the one-step F or two-step method. Acute physiological responses to noxious stimuli were evaluated by measuring the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and nocifensive movements. Fos protein expression in the spinal dorsal cord was semi-quantitatively analyzed. Both injection techniques achieved similar distribution patterns. The one-step F method was faster and easier. Injection was not associated with significant changes in MAP or HR, but Mepi1 and NaCl elicited significantly increased nocifensive movements. Both techniques significantly reduced MAP and nocifensive movements when the spermatic cords were cut, regardless of the local anesthetic type. Compared to NaCl, only the lidocaine treatments significantly reduced HR during skin incision. Lido2 significantly reduced Fos protein expression.


Public procurement is a strategy to transform the food system into one that is more sustainable and just. The Good Food Purchasing Policy (GFPP), developed by the Los Angeles Food Policy Council in 2012, leverages taxpayer funds to support local producers, environmentally sustainable production practices, good jobs, humane treatment of animals, and healthy food. Based on the experience of developing and winning the adoption of the policy in Los Angeles, GFPP has the potential to bring together the various sectors of the food movement around a shared vision and strategy for change. In this reflective essay, we provide an insiders' look into the policy, its impact to date, and its potential in the future.


The 1.8~6.3 mm strip of V microalloying HSLA S-F80 steel (0.03~0.07C,1.10~1.60Mn,≤0.05Nb,≤0.05Ti,0.05~0.25V,0.010~0.035N) is produced by EAF-LF-CSP process at Zhujiang steel.The examination results showed that with recrystallization control rolling process-breakdown temperature (1()000)~(1()100) ℃,finishing temperature 820~950 ℃ and coiling temperature 550~650 ℃,the structure of strip was 3~4 μm extra-fine ferrite + minor pearlite,the size of precipitated phase V(C,N) was 44 nm and the yield strength of strip was 590~620 MPa.


Th e post-war situation of the annihilated city created an unusual opportunity for those architects involved in the reconstruction of Warsaw. In the middle of 1945, according to various sources, there was from 20 to 25 million m3 of rubble on the streets, of which over one million m3 was in the area of the former ghetto1. Th e completely ruined terrain was covered by heaps of rubble lying up to four meters above street level. In this particular case however the reconstruction of the city was infl uenced by the specifi c context of the site, historical and economic factors, and the turning point of the adoption of the doctrine of socialist realism. A crucial moment in the process of shaping the Jewish district in Warsaw is assumed to have been the regulation of 16th March 1809 which ordered Jewish inhabitants to abandon overpopu-


Dear Mor,2 I died a million deaths tonight when I called you a white woman. I had called to ask you about a paper I was writing: Mothering Across the Color Line: White Women, "Black" Babies. It's supposed to be a personal essay-sometimes scholarly, sometimes sentimental-that analyzes motherhood and racial difference.3 I had been working on it for days, but my pen had piled words on the page that held no meaning. I had lost the passion for writing and, most importantly, I had forgotten the reason the piece seemed necessary to write. "Could you help me?" I asked. "Could you tell me, as a white woman, why it is important that your experience be written about?" Once the words escaped, I felt as if I had orphaned myself. Referring to you as a white woman made you seem abstract-a white everywoman, faceless and wholly unconnected to me. The words ripped our relationship apart: for that moment, you were not my mother, but something Other. The separation frightened me. The last thing I wanted to do was confront our difference, to put into words the fact that despite our similarities, when we walk out into the world together, the world acts on us in profoundly different ways. And yet the separation was absolutely inevitable. Talking about race forces us to name names. The name given you is white. The name I have is black, despite the fact that I am biracial, despite the fact that I am both black and white. How can these names describe us, or our relationship? Race preempts


Edward stafford, third duke of Buckingham was one of the last of the powerful Welsh marcher lords. During his life he created hundreds of documents related to his Welsh lordships, including court rolls, tenant lists and records associated with his estate management. Many of these documents
 have been examined for their content, but this corpus of documents has yet to be studied as a unit. This article proposes a new approach to the exploration of lordship and archives. It investigates the relationship between Buckingham, his archive and his Welsh tenants by approaching the archive
 as material culture. The creation, storage and neglect of documents, it is revealed, played a key part in the ways in which Buckingham exerted control over his lands.


Dr. Procaccia contends that courts should not allow subrogation by an employer's liability carrier against a defaulting employee because such actions would have serious socioeconomic consequences for some of the parties involved.


When the cost of software continues to increase, software development techniques become more important. In software life cycle, about two-thirds of software development cost is spent on testing and maintenance [2]. The purpose of our research is to improve the quality and reliability of software thus software cost is reduced [4]. One of them is utilizing software metrics to monitor software development process and to improve the quality of the program. In software engineering, various metrics have been introduced as an attempt to measure the complexity of programs. For example, the Lines of code strategy has been widely applied in measuring software complexity. But it is not precise enough. The Halstead's metrics is too complex to implement [17], so it is rarely used. The McCabe's cyclomatic complexity [21] is well known metric and has been widely applied because it is more accurate and easier to implement. However, the method still has shortcomings [3]. In this paper, a more accurate and easier measuring methodology - Path complexity is proposed and an algorithm of the methodology is presented. Moreover, the methodology points out that how many individual complete paths of a program need to be tested.


Substance P (SP, 2.5–10 μm) was applied by rapid bath perfusion to bullfrog lumbar sympathetic neurones in vitro, voltage‐clamped through a single micro‐electrode. In unclamped cells, SP produced a depolarization accompanied by an increase in apparent input resistance. Under voltage‐clamp a voltage‐dependent inward current was induced by SP, during which the time‐dependent relaxations induced by square voltage commands were inhibited. It is concluded that SP inhibits the M‐current (IM), a species of voltage‐dependent K+‐current, and that IM‐inhibition was the primary cause of the inward current and membrane depolarization in the cells tested.


The transport properties of the electrons in GaAs have been investigated; i.e., the absolute values of the electron drift velocity, the diffusion coefficient, and the trapping time have been measured for the first time as a function of the electric field. To measure the velocity at the electron, the response of a reversed-bias Schottky barrier-$I\ensuremath{-}{n}^{+}$ GaAs device to a short pulse (0.1 nsec) of high-energy electrons was measured. The incident electrons create a sheet of charges in the semiconductor very close to the cathode. The electrons move across the diode under the influence of the applied electric field and induce a current in the contacts until they reach the anode. The width of the induced current pulse is a measure of the transit time of the electrons. With a knowledge of the width of the field region ($I$ layer), the drift velocity corresponding to the particular bias field can be accurately determined. The specimen used in this experiment consists of a slab of semi-insulating boat-grown GaAs cut in the [100] and [111] directions. Thin contacts were evaporated on each face; one, the cathode contact, less than 1000 \AA{} thick, forms the noninjecting Schottky barrier. The other, the anode, is ohmic. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the Butcher-Fawcett theory, with a low-field mobility of 7500 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V sec, a threshold field of 3300 V/cm, and an initial negative mobility of 2600 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V sec. Signs, but no strong evidence, of the minimum velocity being reached up to the highest field used, 14 kV/cm, were observed. We have also measured by the same method the velocity-field relation over a range of ambient temperatures from 160 to 340\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. From the measurement of the difference between the rise and the fall time of the induced current pulse, which is a measure of the spread of the electron layer created at the cathode by electron bombardment, it was possible to obtain the diffusion coefficient as a function of the electric field. The diffusion coefficient is sharply peaked (900 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec) at the threshold field and decrease to a value slightly less than 200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec at high field. The experimental results are in considerable disagreement with the theoretical prediction. This disagreement may possibly be due to the velocity fluctuation arising from the rapid electron intervalley transfers which have not been taken into account in the theory by Butcher and Fawcett. Finally, measurement of the number of electrons trapped during the electron transit time across the specimen yields the variation of the trapping time as a function of the electric field.


ABSTRACT This study examines the prevalence and correlates of psychological abuse and physical abuse against women and men aged 70 or older. Self-report data from 2,185 respondents in the 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) were used to create weighted estimates for past-year experiences of abuse. Correlates were then examined using survey logistic regression models. More than 1 in 10 adults who are 70 years of age or older (14.0%) have experienced some form of abuse in the past year, with 12.1% experiencing psychological abuse and 1.7% experiencing physical abuse. One in five victims (20.8%) were abused by both intimate and nonintimate partners. Health care insecurity was the strongest correlate of past-year abuse. The odds of experiencing abuse were 4.53 times greater for those who experienced health care insecurity than for those who did not. This presents a significant challenge for identifying and helping victims of abuse.


Jose Luis Mendonca's book Angola, me diz ainda brings together poems from the 1980s to 2016, unveiling a constellation of images that express the unfulfilled utopian Angolan dream. Although his poems gravitate around his personal experiences, they reflect a collective past. They can be understood as what Walter Benjamin referred to as monads, as historical objects (c.f. Benjamin) based on the poet's own experiences, full of meaning, emotions, feelings, and dreams. Through these monadic poems, his poetry establishes a dialogue with the past.  The poet´s dystopic present is that of an Angola distanced from the dream manifested in the insubmissive poetry of Agostinho Neto and of the Message Generation, which incited decolonization through a liberation struggle and projected a utopian new nation. Mendonca revisits Neto's Message Generation and its appeal to discover Angola: unveiling a nation with a broken dream and a dystopic present, denouncing a future that is still to come. The poet's monads do not dwell on dystopia but wrestle conformism, fanning the spark of hope (c.f.  Benjamin). They expose the false thing (c.f. Adorno), inciting the longing for something true: reminding the reader that transformation is inevitable.


Abstract For states that have recently declared their independence but remained unrecognized "de facto states," building a national identity is critical in the face of international rejection of their political status. Key elements of this new or re-animated national identity are political and cultural icons symbolizing the new political entity but with historical antecedents. Following Anthony Smith's ethno-symbolism approach to the study of nationalism and motivated by Jean Gottmann's research on iconographies in political geography, the article reports the results of nationally representative samples in four post-Soviet de facto states, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, Transdniestria, and Abkhazia. Respondents were asked to name up to five political and cultural figures that they admired. The collated results show a great array of local and Russian names in the four republics. Categorizing the names by historical era and by provenance allows a clarification of the extent to which nation building can rely on local heroes. Among the four republics, Nagorno-Karabakh stands out for its ethno-symbolic local character, while Transdniestrian respondents identified few iconic figures. South Ossetia shows a mix of local and Russian names while the respondents in Abkhazia were divided by nationality in their choices.


The cost of developing a new drug product is now estimated to exceed $1.5 billion, with an estimated $20 million being spent per molecule in the early development phase1. Currently, ~70% of these projects will fail at, or before proof of concept2. This, coupled with the threat from generic competition, has resulted in a drive for reinvention of the pharmaceutical industry. A more efficient, cost-effective model is being implemented with the aim of increasing the number of drug candidates available for development, and simultaneously reducing late stage attrition3. This strategy hinges on the use of innovative clinical protocols in early development to enable detailed, scientifically-driven investigation of product performance. The development team needs access to a full range of tools that can be integrated into routine early development studies, enhancing the data obtained. Gamma scintigraphy is one such tool. It provides the means to assess critical-to-performance parameters, which in vitro methods attempt but often fail to predict. It also provides a gold standard method for the direct quantification of pharmacodynamic effects, providing insight into mode of action of drug candidates. Methodology Gamma scintigraphy is an imaging technique that enables the direct visualisation and quantification of events occurring in vivo, in real time. Initially introduced as diagnostic tool, the potential of this method was quickly realised within the pharmaceutical industry. Gamma scintigraphy was first reported for the measurement of transit times in 1966 (gastric emptying) followed swiftly by the assessment of drug product performance in 1976 (capsule disintegration)4,5. Visualisation is achieved by the incorporation of short half-life gamma emitting radionuclides, eg technetium-99m (99mTc) and indium-111 (111In). The chosen radionuclide(s) is used to label the drug product or, for pharmacodynamic investigations, the component of interest (eg food or fluid for gastrointestinal transit; inhaled particles for mucociliary clearance). The radiation dose to the subject is minimal – often not exceeding that received from a single X-ray. A gamma camera is used to detect the gamma rays and record these as primary counts which are represented as an image (Figure 1). Gamma scintigraphic investigations can be routinely incorporated into standard phase 1/2a studies By Dr Alyson Connor In vivo imaging in drug development GAMMA SCINTIGRAPHY


Three examples of inside/outside asymmetric behavior result from the flash photolysis of aqueous suspensions of small ({approx} 250 {angstrom} in diameter) egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles containing magnesium octaethylporphyrin in the presence of water-soluble electron acceptors (either methylviologen or ferricyanide): (1) Many more porphyrin cations are produced by reaction with the electron acceptor on the inside of the vesicle than by reaction with the electron acceptor on the outside. (2) The lifetime of the porphyrin triplet is much shorter when the electron acceptor is on the inside of the vesicle than when it is present only on the outside of the vesicle. (3) The lifetime of a porphyrin cation produced by reaction with an electron acceptor on the inside of a vesicle is much shorter than that of a porphyrin cation produced by reaction with this same electron acceptor on the outside. All of these observations are shown to be consistent with a model which presumes that there are two populations of the porphyrin within the vesicle bilayer on or near each surface and that the concentration of porphyrin associated with the inside vesicle surface is much higher than that associated with the outside vesicle surface. This model agrees withmore » the one proposed by Tollin and co-workers for the distribution of chlorophyll a molecules in small PC vesicles.« less


With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causing economic dislocations worldwide, RAND researchers interviewed 21 small-business owners and found that the most common concerns focused on a need for assistance in covering fixed operating costs and on worker safety. Adjustments to existing policies were also discussed, such as clear rules for reopening businesses and coordinated reopening policies across neighboring jurisdictions.


The belief of a society can only influence the society and become the actual social belief when it's accepted by the undergraduates.The political belief education among the undergraduates is an important aspect in strengthening the belief in Marxism.However,due to the changes of the social environment and influence from the international community,there are some problems of many aspects in the present political belief educational mechanism of the graduates.Thus,the reconstruction of the mechanism plays an important role in ensuring the actual effect of such education.In order to realize the modernization of this mechanism,it is necessary to make innovations in the following aspects: the principle of the mechanism,the mode,the way,the media and the guarantee of the mechanism operation,etc.


Newspapers and magazines are prominent sources for news and information. They bring to the readers the information from around the region and the globe by overcoming all geographical limits. However, in today's digital world when the readers are hooked more to internet, iPads, mobiles etc, the print media is facing uphill task to sustain itself. There is a crisis situation for print media in developed countries while India is yet to feel the impact and newspapers here are still expanding their readers base. Though, with increasing digital literacy and access, newspapers in India may also face this challenge. But this challenge may be turned into an opportunity by print media. Many newspapers and magazines have begun to publish their online editions which has brought the whole world on a reader's desktop/palm and make him/her aware of all subject fields. This paper makes an attempt to analyze the status of print media in this digital world with special reference to India.


The new AI model significantly improves students' monitoring and generates a daily prediction of the risk of dropping out. Credit: UOC Dropping out early is one of the main concerns in online higher education, especially during the first year of a degree. An interdisciplinary team of researchers from the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) has developed a new system based on artificial intelligence algorithms that makes it possible to identify on a daily basis


Recently, there has been enormous growth in the amount of commercial and scientific data, such as protein sequences, retail transactions, and web-logs. Such datasets consist of sequence data that have an inherent sequential nature. However, few existing clustering algorithms consider sequentiality. In this paper, we study how to cluster these sequence datasets. We propose a new similarity measure to compute the similarity between two sequences. In the proposed measure, subsets of a sequence are considered, and the more identical subsets there are, the more similar the two sequences. In addition, we propose a hierarchical clustering algorithm and an efficient method for measuring similarity. Using a splice dataset and synthetic datasets, we show that the quality of clusters generated by our proposed approach is better than that of clusters produced by traditional clustering algorithms.


The inhibitory effects of amoxicillin combination with colistin sulfate on Escherichia.coil and Salmonella of pig and chicken were investigated.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of amoxicillin and colistin sulfate in vitro was detected by two-fold dilution respectively.The MIC of combination amoxicillin with colistin sulfate was detected by checkerboard method,and the fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC) was calculated.In general,synergy and additive effect rate of combination of amoxicillin with colistin sulfate was 78.6% in vitro against 14 strains pathogenic bacterial,and there was no antagonism after combination of two drugs.


Makhnev and Samoilenko have found parameters of strongly regular graphs with no more than 1000 vertices, which may be neighborhoods of vertices in antipodal distance-regular graph of diameter 3 and with  \(\lambda=\mu\). They proposed the program of investigation vertex-symmetric antipodal distance-regular graphs of diameter 3 with \(\lambda=\mu\), in which neighborhoods of vertices are strongly regular. In this paper we consider neighborhoods of vertices with parameters \((25,8,3,2)\).


This book seeks to understand the causes for the rise of an independent women's movement in authoritarian Chile. It describes the mobilization of women against the Pinochet government and highlights women's interaction with traditional actors such as political parties during the democratic transition. It analyzes the success of the movement in carving a space for itself in the state, political parties and civil society.


oC in an argon flow. The ballmilled graphite consists of distorted nanocrystallites and amorphous phases. In the composite particle, nanosized flakes are uniformly distributed in a soft carbon matrix, as revealed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments. The composite is compatible with a pure propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte and shows high rate capability and excellent cycling performance. The electrochemical properties are comparable to those of hard carbon.


Teaching vocabulary at the Elementary and Junior High School levels is unfortunately still an issue that has not been dealt with in sufficient detail, since many pedagogical materials available on the market give priority to reading comprehension and grammar instead of vocabulary in different contexts. Even pocket dictionaries, tools which should be constantly used in the classroom, are barely used. The purpose of this study was to review and discuss the theoretical contributions of Lexicography and Lexicology, analyze so-called school dictionaries as to how appropriate they are for use at these levels, and suggest methodological strategies to improve students' vocabulary.


B/r for a brief fraction of the cell cycle. The protein is incorporated into the outer membrane; its incorporation seems to reflect de nouo synthesis and, once incorporated, it is stable. In synchronous acetate-grown cultures a lo-fold increase in the rate of protein D synthesis occurs toward the end of the cell cycle, near the end of one round of DNA synthesis and the start of the next. In synchronous glucose-grown cultures the protein appears approximately halfway through the cell cycle, shortly before DNA synthesis begins. The observed correlation between protein D synthesis and DNA initiation, approximately 15 min later, is strengthened by experiments with inhibitors and mutants. Inhibition of protein synthesis at any time during DNA synthesis delays the subsequent appearance of protein D and the initiation of the next round of DNA synthesis. The synthesis of both protein D and DNA is prevented by nalidixic acid; after its removal a sharp spike of protein D synthesis is followed by a wave of DNA synthesis. Experiments with dnaA and dnaB mutants, with amino acid starvation of an auxotroph and with nutritional shift-up, all supported the coupling of protein D synthesis with the initiation of DNA synthesis. The addition of fl-lactam antibiotics which affect murein metabolism dramatically increases the amount of protein D. The cells are prevented from terminating protein D synthesis; different antibiotics have different kinetics of action. Protein D preferentially binds to double-stranded DNA


We propose an alternative approach to the traditionally used apodized chirped fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation applications. The unchirped grating proposed has a refractive index perturbation with varying negative mean, acting simultaneously as optical filter demultiplexer and efficient group velocity dispersion compensator in wavelength division multiplexing systems.


Dommenget (2010) found that El Nino-like variability, termed Slab Ocean El Nino, can exist in the absence of ocean dynamics and is driven by the interaction of the atmospheric surface heat fluxes and the heat content of the upper ocean. Further, Dommenget et al. (2014) report the Slab Ocean El Nino is not an artefact of the ECHAM5-AGCM coupled to a slab ocean model. In fact, atmospheric feedbacks crucial to the Slab Ocean El Nino can also be found in many state-of-the-art coupled climate models participating in CMIP3 and CMIP5, so that ENSO in many CMIP models can be understood as a mixed recharge oscillator/Slab Ocean El Nino mode.
Here we show further analysis of the Slab Ocean El Nino atmospheric feedbacks in coupled models. The BCCR_CM2.0 climate model from the CMIP3 data base, which has a very large equatorial cold bias, has an El Nino that is purely driven by Slab Ocean El Nino atmospheric feedbacks and is used as an example to describe Slab Ocean El Nino atmospheric feedbacks in a coupled model. In the BCCR_CM2.0, the ENSO-related variability in the 20°C isotherm (Z20), a measure of upper ocean heat content, is decoupled from the first mode of the seasonal cycle-related variability, while the two are coupled in observations, with ENSO being phase-locked to the seasonal cycle.
Further analysis of the seasonal cycle in Z20 using SODA Ocean Reanalysis reveals two different regimes in the seasonal cycle along the equator: The first regime, to which ENSO is phase-locked, extends over the west and central equatorial Pacific and is driven by subsurface ocean dynamics. The second regime, extending in observations only over the cold tongue region, is driven by the seasonal cycle at the sea surface and is shifted by roughly six months relative to the first regime.
In a series of experiments with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM) with different mean states due to tuning in the convection parameters, we can show that the strength of the equatorial cold bias and the coupling strength between the seasonal cycle of Z20 and ENSO are anti-correlated, i.e. a strong equatorial cold bias suppresses recharge oscillator dynamics and enhances Slab Ocean El Nino atmospheric feedbacks, supporting the results from the BCCR_CM2.0. This can be explained as with a stronger cold bias the second regime of the seasonal cycle in Z20, which extends in observations only over the small cold tongue region, expands westward and becomes more important, so that it decouples ENSO from the seasonal cycle in Z20. This has implications for some major characteristics of the ENSO like the propagation of SST anomalies, the phase locking of SST to the seasonal cycle, or the nonlinearity of ENSO.

Dommenget, D., 2010: The slab ocean El Nino. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20701, doi:10.1029/2010GL044888.
——, S. Haase, T. Bayr, and C. Frauen, 2014: Analysis of the Slab Ocean El Nino atmospheric feedbacks in observed and simulated ENSO dynamics. Clim. Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2057-0.


PurposeThere is a growing worry about people possibly isolating themselves in online bubbles and avoiding contact with ideas that differ from their beliefs, creating a scenario of ideological polarization. To investigate into this matter, this work aims for a reflection about the contingency of communication in social media. Does social media make the experience of communication in the digital space more contingent (providing it with more possibilities, with people accessing different contents and ideas) or less contingent (reducing the available possibilities, making people isolate themselves)?Design/methodology/approachThis is a theoretical work, constructed through bibliographical reviews. To reflect about the question that are posed, the author selected Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory to approach the concept of contingency. In addition to that, the author presented the main arguments of the debates about echo chambers and online bubbles. In the end, the author combined the two reviews together using elements of the Luhmannian theory and drew some conclusions about the initial question.FindingsThe study concluded that social media have an ambivalent potential regarding contingency in the digital space: it can both expand or reduce the available possibilities of communication, depending on criteria like topic, potential of diffusion and focus of attention. There is no one-side effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach at echo chambers does not reflect "the" form of contingency in social media, but "a" form. Therefore, the study cannot provide any general conclusions about the relation between contingency and social media. The digital space is a large one, and more studies are required to achieve more substantial propositions.Originality/valueThe research has an originality value both for systems theory and social media studies. First, because, as far as the author knows, no other system-theoretical argument has taken the connection between contingency and social media as a primary analysis object. Second, because of a theoretical interpretation effort, the studies of echo chambers indicate mixed results about the phenomenon of online isolation, but no attempt was made to make sense of these mixed results from a specific sociological theory. The author did that by using Luhmann's theoretical framework, which proved to be a good tool for explaining and unifying these different results on a more abstract level.


Solar flares are sudden and massive releases of magnetic energy in the corona. As a consequence, particles are efficiently accelerated to high energies and plasma is heated up to tens of millions K [1]. However, this phenomenon is dynamically and morphologically complex. A characteristic of this complexity is the creation of multiple acceleration sites due to the magnetic field reconfiguration. During the flare, the energetic electrons propagating in the loops emits in high-frequency radio wavelengths via gyrosyntrochton emission mechanism [2]. Some class of energetic particles may undergo plasma instabilities producing intense coherent radio emission [3]. Accelerated electrons and hot plasma also produce X-ray bremsstrahlung. The heated plasma filling the magnetic loops show up as bright emissions in various extreme ultra-violet (EUV) wavelengths. This entire flare process shows complex evolution at fine spatial, spectral and temporal scales. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of solar flares requires multi-wavelength analysis with observations that provide high spatial resolution coupled with high frequency and time resolution.


ABSTRACT: Information is lacking on the watershed scale effects of mining and reclaiming originally undisturbed watersheds for coal on surface water chemical concentrations and load rates for a variety of constituents. These effects were evaluated on three small, geologically dissimilar watersheds subjected to surface mining in Ohio. Comparisons were made between phases of land disturbances using ratios of average concentrations and load rates: Phase 1 (natural), subphases of Phase 2 (mining and reclamation), and subphases of Phase 3 (partial reclamation and final condition) using 4,485 laboratory analyses of 34 constituents. Average concentration and load rate ratios were categorized into three classes—minor, moderate, and substantial. Mining and reclamation (M/R) affected flow duration curves in different ways‐baseflow changes were variable, but high flows generally increased. The average concentration ratios for all sites were classified as 15 percent "minor," 36 percent "moderate," and 49 percent "substantial" (average ratio of 2.4.) Generally load rate ratios increased due to mining and reclamation activities (average ratio of 3.3). Minor, moderate, and substantial impacts were found on average for 7 percent, 23 percent, and 70 percent, respectively, of load rate ratios. The impact of M/R on average load rates was not necessarily the same as on average concentrations due to changed hydrology and can be opposite in effect. The evaluation of the impacts of M/R requires knowledge of changing hydrologic conditions and changing supplies and rates of release of chemicals into streams. Median sediment concentration ratio is an indicator of average constituent load rate ratio of a wide variety of chemical constituents and is useful for development of best management practices to reduce chemical loads. The site at which diversion ditches were not removed during final reclamation sustained large chemical load rates, and removal of diversions at the other mined site reduced load rates. Revegetation of poorly reclaimed areas decreased chemical load rates. Chemical load rates were sensitive to geology, mining, and reclamation methods, diversions, and changing hydrology, concentration flow rate regressions, and watershed areas.


International Expansion of mineral resources is an open strategy for the sustainable development of our economy in respect to mineral resources.This article deals with the significance,the instructive thinking,the goal,the deployment,and the focus of such strategy.In addition,some policy measures are proposed for implementation of the strategy.


As China readies itself for accession to the World Trade Organization, foreign investors wait patiently for opportunities to open up in this giant market. With pollution eaching dangerous levels, the air pollution control equipment market is set for rapid growth.


We describe the challenges underlying the design of a constraint-based test generator for functional verification of hardware. We show how these challenges are addressed by IntelliGen™ -- a constraint-based test generator by Cadence Design Systems.


Purpose The construction industry has long been criticized for unethical conduct. The owner usually manages the contractor's opportunistic behaviors by employing a professional supervisor, but there is a risk of covert collusion between the supervisor and contractor. Based on the principal–agent theory and collusion theory, this paper aims to investigate optimal collusion-proof incentive contracts.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a game-theoretic framework comprising an owner, supervisor and contractor, who interact and pursue maximized self-profits. Built upon the fixed-price incentive contract, cost-reimbursement contract, and revenue-sharing contract, different collusion-proof incentive contracts are investigated. A real project case is used to validate the developed model and derived results.FindingsThis paper shows that the presence of unethical collusion undermines the owner's interests. Especially, the possibility of agent collusion may induce the owner to abandon extracting quality information from the supervisor. Furthermore, information asymmetry significantly affects the construction contract selection, and the application conditions for different incentive contracts are provided.Research limitations/implicationsThis study still has some limitations that deserve further exploration. First, this study explores contractor–supervisor collusion but ignores the possibility of the supervisor abusing authority to extort the contractor. Second, to focus on collusion, this paper ignores the supervision costs. What's the optimal supervision effort that the owner should induce the supervisor to exert? Finally, this paper assumes that the colluders involved always keep their promises. However, what if the colluders may break their promises?Practical implicationsSeveral collusion-proof incentive contracts are explored in a project management setting. The proposed incentive contracts can provide the project owner with effective and practical tools to inhibit covert collusion in construction management and thus safeguard construction project quality.Originality/valueThis study expands the organization collusion theory to the field of construction management and investigates the optimal collusion-proof incentive contracts. In addition, this study is the first to investigate the effects of information asymmetry on contract selection.


This study reports of the distribution of Mexican American women in public school organizations. It is seen that Mexican American women's ascribed characteristics are used as the basis for placing them in certain teaching and administrative positions. As teachers they are placed with predominantly Hispanic students and in areas such as Spanish, bilingual education, and physical education. In administration they are placed in special projects where they normally deal with their ethnic group. Those Mexican American women who obtain elementary principalships are located in Hispanic schools. Their careers consist of "straightening out" problem schools. In both of these cases, ascription is prominent, achievement is related to containing their ethnic group, and sponsorship is absent. There are some rare individuals who, in spite of the institutional barriers, obtain secondary school principalships and central office positions. The discriminatory practices that lead to the skewed distribution of Mexican American women are due to the heavy emphasis placed on ascribed characteristics and the absence of sponsorship.


In this paper, a new method is proposed for documents indexing based on constructing two tables, namely, words-information table and pages-information table. These two tables used to represent the first step in information retrieval (which prepare the documents set (preprocessing)). In Information retrieval systems, tokenization is an integrals part whose prime objective is to identifying the tokens and their count. In this paper, can be proposed an effective tokenization approach, which is based on proposed new method called documents indexing and results shows that efficiency of proposed algorithm. Tokenization on documents helps to satisfy user's information need more precisely and reduced search sharply. Preprocessing of input document is an integral part of Tokenization, which involves preprocessing of documents and generates its respective tokens, which is the basis of these tokens. Probabilistic IR generate its scoring and gives reduced search space. Comparative analysis based on the two parameters; reduce the time of search space, Pre-processing time, and reduce the size of memory.


Taking Changzhou as a case, this paper studies on the functional transformation and spatial reconstructuring of small towns in the south of the Yangtze River in China from 1840 to 1949. Then, the article analyzes its adaptability and mechanism. During this period, there were three significant transformations of urban functions in Changzhou. The political status of Changzhou declined from the Changzhou Prefecture of the Qing Dynasty to the county of the Republic of China; the transportation function reduced from the regional transportation hub city to the local transportation hub city; and the economic function was transformed from the traditional agricultural city to the light industrial city. Functional transformations have driven the spatial reconstructuring. Urban construction has transformed from urban internal transformation to a composite expansion mode, a ring-layer and axial-type composite model. Finally, a lute-shaped urban form was formed, and the internal facilities of the city were more modern.Although there are some regrets, Changzhou's urban spatial reconstructuring has changed the original material framework of the city. This adapted and promoted the transformation of urban functions during this period. In terms of mechanism, first, this is a passive transformation model. Changzhou mainly promotes urban functions through local private forces and relies on the role of the market. Second, industrialization is the fundamental driving force.In the political and economic context of this period, these changes in function and space manifested self-organizing and progressive characteristics.


A study has been made about two individuals who were found buried in caskets on an medieval execution site on Gotland. The author has researched what we know about executions on Gotland and if we c ...


Introduction: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is the main source of nitric oxide (NO) in skeletal muscle. In mouse models of Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), absence of sarcolemma localized nNOS engenders exercise-induced spasm of skeletal muscle microvessels, causing injury and fatigue. To test for exercise-induced vasospasm in human dystrophic muscle, we performed parametric analysis of skeletal muscle perfusion with contrast enhanced ultrasound to measure: capillary blood volume (A), highly regulated by NO; microvascular flux rate (β), regulated by classical resistance arteriolar tone; and muscle blood flow (Aхβ). Methods: Perfusion images of the flexor digitorum profundus were made after rhythmic handgrip (90s) at 25%, 50%, and 75% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in 5 unmedicated BMD patients (mean age 30 ± 3.5Y) and 10 healthy age-matched male controls (Ctrls). All patients had mutated dystrophin that cannot bind nNOS and muscle biopsy showing no antibody staining for sarcolemmal nNOS. Results: In Ctrls, flow (Aβ) increased more (p Conclusions: These imaging data provide the first translational evidence in human patients with BMD that loss of sarcolemmal nNOS engenders spasm of intramuscular microvessels at high-intensity exercise and further implicates the NO pathway as a novel drug target for BMD.


It is crucial to improve the understanding of biodiesel fuel spray combustion due to the improvement of efficiency and performance in diesel engines. The experiments have been performed on the biodiesel droplet combustion, but the findings have not been fully utilized to elucidate the real phenomenon in the spray combustion. Therefore, the objective of this mathematical modeling is to create a theoretical link between biodiesel droplet combustion experiments and the spray combustion phenomenon of diesel engines. The simulation parameters are taken from flame-spread characteristics of bio-diesel droplets in microgravity experiments. The mathematical modeling used the percolation approach. The mathematical modeling was created based on the biodiesel droplet array experiment in microgravity. It paid attention to flame spread limit distance (S/d0)limit = 7 without droplet interaction. The mean droplet spacing (S/d0)m, lattice size (NL/d0), and also lattice point interval (L/d0) was varied to investigate the behavior of flame spread in large-scale droplet clouds. The simulations show that the occurrence probability of group combustion (OPGC) and flame spread behavior are greatly influenced by mean droplet spacing (S/d0)m.It is crucial to improve the understanding of biodiesel fuel spray combustion due to the improvement of efficiency and performance in diesel engines. The experiments have been performed on the biodiesel droplet combustion, but the findings have not been fully utilized to elucidate the real phenomenon in the spray combustion. Therefore, the objective of this mathematical modeling is to create a theoretical link between biodiesel droplet combustion experiments and the spray combustion phenomenon of diesel engines. The simulation parameters are taken from flame-spread characteristics of bio-diesel droplets in microgravity experiments. The mathematical modeling used the percolation approach. The mathematical modeling was created based on the biodiesel droplet array experiment in microgravity. It paid attention to flame spread limit distance (S/d0)limit = 7 without droplet interaction. The mean droplet spacing (S/d0)m, lattice size (NL/d0), and also lattice point interval (L/d0) was varied to investigate the b...


Internal Control Structure is one important factor to achieve corporate objectives in the midst of an increasingly competitive climate of competition. If internal control has been implemented effectively, it can prevent or detect the occurrence of errors, whether intentional or unintentional. In connection with the internal control over purchase of raw materials is very important because it directly related to production activities.
This study to review the Internal Control Structure on the purchase of raw materials in BMC unit, whether the existing Internal Control Structure are adequate in detecting and preventing the occurrence of irregularities or errors that occurred, and whether the control structure is in its application has been carried out effectively or not.
This study uses interviews and questionnaires with research methods, questionnaires and submit its final results so that research can be more focused and provide a more in-depth about the subject and the object of research.
From the results of research, it is known that the structure of the internal control over raw material purchasing system Bandung BMC unit is very adequate, and the internal control structure plays a role in avoiding the deviation.


Abstract This detailed article surveys the literature generated by and about the Metropolitan Community Church from its foundation in 1968 to contemporary times in the mainstream religious press and tracks its use as a research venue.


Photolyases are proteins capable of harvesting the sunlight to repair DNA damages caused by UV light. In this work we focus on the first step in the repair process of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photoproduct (CPD) lesion, which is an electron transfer (ET) from a flavine cofactor to CPD, and study the role of various nuclear degrees of freedom (DOF) in this step. The ET step has been experimentally studied using transient spectroscopy and the corresponding data provide excellent basis for testing the quality of quantum dynamical models. Based on previous theoretical studies of electronic structure and conformations of the protein active site, we present a procedure to build a diabatic Hamiltonian for simulating the ET reaction in a molecular complex mimicking the enzyme's active site. We generate a reduced nuclear dimensional model that provides a first non-empirical quantum dynamical description of the structural features influencing the ET rate. By varying the nuclear DOF parametrization in the model to assess the role of different nuclear motions, we demonstrate that the low frequency flavin butterfly bending mode slows ET by reducing Franck-Condon overlaps between donor and acceptor states and also induces decoherence.


Abstract This case study illustrates how building with Lego® bricks was used to help an athlete identify instances of growth mindset in his play such that this could help him overcome fix mindset thinking. The player, a member of a trophy winning hurling squad, was self-motivated and had developed a strategy of saying, "No" to avoid becoming injured due to 'over playing'. He participated in a Lego® Serious Play® in Positive Psychology group workshop, the theme of which was the growth mindset. As a result, he was able to determine how he could work from fixed mindset triggers to more growth mindset beliefs. He was then able to transform his thinking from a stance where he felt he had to protect himself from the demands of others to realizing they can contribute to him as he developed as a player. He reported that building with Lego® bricks helped him "form new ideas in ways that you wouldn't be able to do just through your mind". This report demonstrates how a growth mindset workshop which incorporated Lego® Bricks can support player development after the experience adverse circumstances.


This thesis examines the numerical solutions to the one-dimensional shallow water equations. These solutions are obtained by use of well-balanced finite volume methods, while the well-balanced terms added in the numerical flux computations are based on the steady state of the lake at rest. In addition, the finite volume method being applied is the Kurganov's central-upwind method, which is a Godunov-type method. Here, the simulations are done to test well-balanced central-upwind finite volume methods with two different sets of reconstructions, namely: stage and momentum, and stage and velocity reconstructions. The well-balanced central-upwind finite volume methods with stage and momentum reconstructions cannot in general solve the unsteady state problems, such as oscillations in a parabolic canal and dam-break problem in some cases, but these methods work much better to solve steady flow problem than those without well-balanced terms. The performance of the methods with these reconstructions are very dependent on the type of slope limiter being used. These methods using the van Leer slope limiter lead to better results than those using other limiters. On the other hand, the well-balanced central-upwind finite volume methods with stage and velocity reconstructions are able to capture both unsteady and steady states of water flows. It is an advantage that the performace of the methods are not too dependent on the slope limiter, despite the fact that the methods with these reconstructions using superbee limiter yield the smallest error with relatively fast computations. Moreover, the methods with stage and velocity reconstructions result in better performance than those with stage and momentum reconstructions. ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI


Gender perspective on regional development and innovation in the food industry in Skane Working with applied research on gender, innovation and the food process industry in Skane, we can conclude that gender is a necessary category in develop both industry and enhance regional development (Pettersson 2002, Scholten 2003, Sundin et al 2008). This conclusion has become evident (Lindberg et al 2008, Nyberg 2009, Pettersson 2007) as working consultants and researchers together (NorbA¤ck et al 2006, SwA¤rdh and Stridh2006), using workshops, strategic focus discussions and interviews in development work in the innovation hub The Skane Food Innovation Network. Skane is divided into regions where research and industry is concentrated to the south-west, with some exceptions. There are semi-rural areas, where businesses are small and often of self-employment character. These businesses attract women, working in sectors as food, tourism and health. One important issue for them to solve is how to reach the market and how to develop their businesses further. There are long-established structural power systems which need to be handled (Berglund et al 2007, Forsberg 1997) both by the individual entrepreneur but also by the facilitator organisations, like the innovation hub. Our project is one by several national projects, funded by Vinnovas TIGER programme, aiming at applying gender perspectives to innovative clusters for enhanced development. Three projects work in this context with issues of regional development. Ours is conducted together with The Skane Food Innovation Network. In this paper we will draw attention to and discuss regional development and innovation policy out of a gender perspective, giving examples from our ongoing research project; Skane food innovation system with a gender perspective. It has become clear that gender awareness might be a key for innovative renewal of the food industry; for promotion of the development of the food industry cluster further and at the same time strengthening regional development by acknowledge women's entrepreneurship. Keywords: Gender equality, innovation, food industry, regional development, learning


As technology becomes more pervasive in today's society connecting nearly every element of one's life, it is essential to think of ways to apply the same paradigm to Space exploration and the spacesuit in particular. The solution presented in this paper describes ARGOS, a guidance and operations system that utilizes an augmented reality device to support an astronaut during an EVA. This system serves as a model for future training and operational environments, describing how visualization and interaction methodologies can be coupled with distributed computing and ad-hoc networking to bring flexible cloud-computing-like features to a future generation spacesuit. The manuscript describes the system and preliminary tests.