Treatment of tobacco suspension cells (Nicotiana tabacum cv. KY 14) with a purified β-1,4-endoxylanase from Trichoderma viride [1 μg enzyme (ml cells)−1] caused a 13-fold increase in the levels of acylated sterol glycosides and elicited the synthesis of phytoalexins. A commercial preparation of xylanase from Trichoderma viride caused an identical shift in sterols. In contrast, a commerical xylanase from Aureobasidium pullaulans had no effect on the levels of acylated sterol glycosides, but did elevate the levels of sterol esters. Treatment of the cells with Cu2+ or Ag+ also evoked a severalfold increase in the levels of acylated sterol glycosides. Analysis of the various sterol lipid classes revealed that the large xylanase-induced increase in acylated sterol glycosides occurred at the expense of sterol esters, free sterols and sterol glycosides. Further analyses revealed that the most abundant phytosterol in each of the four classes of sterol lipids was β-sitosterol. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the sterol esters, and palmitic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in the acylated sterol glycosides. Glucose was the only sugar moiety in the sterol glycoside and acvlated sterol glycosides. Glucose was the only sugar moiety in the sterol glycoside and acylated sterol glycoside fractions. The results of the present study demonstrate that xylanase from Trichoderma viride induces a dramatic shift in the level of acylated sterol glycosides, indicating that endoxylanase was probably the active component in the cellulase enzyme preparations used in our previous study.


Summary The finding of ganglioside in heart is further evidence of the widespread distribution of these lipids. The increase of GM2 (G) ganglioside in the heart of two patients with GM22 gangliosidosis suggests that the metabolic defect is not limited to the nervous system.


The urgent need for energy consumption reduction and trends of global warming leads toward exploring possibilities to "hide" living space from explosion to climate changes as a result of global warming. This paper aims to present benefits of underground houses, underground living space. Housing is elementary process of mankind life that was performed from the existence of life in different forms, shapes, levels and social developments. House, as one used to get protected by phenomena of the nature, historically used in different shapes, levels and materials, created mentality that one percept as protective, and isolated space, for life activities. This paper treat possibilities, and priorities, of underground housing and construction of underground house in current development of technology, climate development impact, current development of mentality of society and approach of society toward energy efficiency, as underground house is one of the contribution. Paper as well analyze applicable standards and current legislation in Kosova for underground construction and housing.


We propose a new scheme for observing Josephson oscillations and macroscopic quantum self-trapping in a toroidally confined Bose-Einstein condensate: a dipolar self-induced Josephson junction. Polarizing the atoms perpendicularly to the trap symmetry axis, an effective ring-shaped, double-well potential is achieved which is induced by the dipolar interaction. By numerically solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation we show that coherent tunneling phenomena such as Josephson oscillations and quantum self-trapping can take place. The dynamics in the self-induced junction can be qualitatively described by a two-mode model taking into account both s-wave and dipolar interactions.


Everyone is talking about fintech, and they're usually saying good things. Driverless Finance provides a balance to that conversation, exploring the threats that different fintech innovations pose for our financial system. With in-depth and accessible descriptions of new financial technologies and business models—ranging from distributed ledgers to machine learning, cryptoassets to robo-investing—this book helps readers to think more critically about fintech, and about how the law should respond to it. This book highlights the increased speed, complexity, and coordination inherent in new fintech innovations, and shows how these features could come together in a massive financial system failure. It makes the case for a precautionary approach to regulating fintech, erring on the side of caution to avoid a financial crisis that could have irreversible and catastrophic effects for our society. Because fintech's system risks aren't fully addressed by existing financial regulation (or by experimental new approaches like regulatory sandboxes), this book makes several bold new proposals for regulation designed to make fintech-inspired financial crises less likely. These proposals include new forms of disclosure and supervision, new forms of technological tools (known as suptech), and a new licensing regime for financial technologies. This book finishes by discussing how fintech's impact on financial stability relates to pressing debates about innovation, expertise, cybersecurity, privacy, and competition.


In the design of high rockfill dams on the deep and thick gravel-sand foundation with earth core,double anti-seepage walls will be more frequently used.The conjoining area of the anti-seepage soil body and the concrete wall is the key part to prevent seepage failure,and the optimization of structural arrangement in this area is the emphasis in a design process.In this paper the process of design scheme of the conjoining area in the Pubugou Rolled Earth-rock Fill Dam is presented,and the research focused on the pore pressure and seepage gradient character of two optimum schemes,i.e.one is that the cutoff wall and the gallery are entirely packed by clay,and the other,those are partially packed on the top by clay.It is indicated that the two schemes are both suitable.Seepage gradient in the conjoined area is inhomogeneous around the concrete structure.Seepage gradient at the top of the structure is much bigger than that at the outlet of the earth core base.Using high plastic clay package only on the top of the concrete structure is favorable to the settlement of the earth core and the construction schedule,so it is recommended to be used in the design.


Green marketing includes green products as well as green firms. Green marketing is being considered very much these days. Branding green products is riskier as it is unknown and volatile nature of environmental friendly products and customer reaction to marketing efforts. Basically customers do not know the actual meaning and advantage of green marketing. This research paper tries to study the awareness and attitude of customers towards green marketing and their willingness to pay extra money for green products.


In the current economic environment, a greater emphasis is being given tothe general upkeep, preservation and overall extension of the physical life of existing bridge structures, far in excess of the original design life. This paper outlines the diagnostic investigations undertaken into the problems of the Sawtells Inlet bridge, the diagnosis of their causes and the subsequent remedial options considered to extend the residual life of the structure. Following detailed consideration of life cycle costing analysis, initial cost outlays and relative life expectancies of various alternatives, a major rehabilitation option was adopted and undertaken in threeperstructure components, constructing a deck overlay, conventional patch repairs of parts of the substructure and application of suitable protective coatings for the whole of the bridge, in both atmospheric and tidal/splash zone microclimates. The paper also describes the installation of monitoring devices and the ongoing monitoring of the performance of both the patch repairs and protective coatings. (a) For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD abstract no. 861222.


In this study, the dynamics of a discrete-time plant-herbivore model obtained using the forward Euler method are discussed. The existence of fixed points is investigated. A topological classification is made to examine the behavior of the positive fixed point where the plant and the herbivore coexist. In addition, the existence conditions and direction of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation of the model are investigated using bifurcation theory. Hybrid control method is applied to control the chaos caused by Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Examples including time series figures, bifurcation figures, phase portraits and maximum Lyapunov exponent are provided to support our theoretical results.


The thermo-mechanical behavior of polymer matrix materials is strongly dependent on the curing reaction as well as temperature and time. To date, investigations of epoxy resins and their composites mainly focused on the elastic domain because plastic deformation of cross-linked polymer networks was considered as irrelevant or not feasible. This paper presents a novel approach which combines both elastic and plastic domain. Based on an analytical framework describing the storage modulus, analogous parameter combinations are defined in order to reduce complexity when variations in temperature, strain rate and degree of cure are encountered.The thermo-mechanical behavior of polymer matrix materials is strongly dependent on the curing reaction as well as temperature and time. To date, investigations of epoxy resins and their composites mainly focused on the elastic domain because plastic deformation of cross-linked polymer networks was considered as irrelevant or not feasible. This paper presents a novel approach which combines both elastic and plastic domain. Based on an analytical framework describing the storage modulus, analogous parameter combinations are defined in order to reduce complexity when variations in temperature, strain rate and degree of cure are encountered.


In motor vehicles, especially motorcycles, sometimes there are a lot of problems with the wheel rim in the event of an accident, or hit by a pothole that causes the wheel rim to be dented. In this case, we design a motorcycle wheel rim press tool as shown in Figure 2.1. The things that must be considered for a tool design in material selection are hardness, strength, fragility. The types of materials used are carbon steel, alloy steel, hollow steel, U iron, axle iron, angle iron, plate iron. In general, there are several grades of iron, including JIS G3101 SS400, ASTMA 36; BS 4360; DIN 17 100JIS G 3101; JIS 3106; SNI 07 2054, which has a different maximum tensile strength or stress by using formulas, for example the calculation of shafts, levers, weld strength and selection of hydraulic jacks. Supporting instruments in the process of working on the wheel rim press tool are machine tools and other measuring tools. To obtain truly satisfactory results from a tool, we are required to observe and look for alternatives and as carefully as possible in order to achieve a result that meets the standard. The tool must have high efficiency, easy to operate, and uphold work safety. Based on the results of the design and testing of the design of this motorcycle wheel rim press tool, it is more efficient, fast, and precise when compared to the tools owned by David Jaya Motor's workshop. The time required is faster according to the test results, which is between 25 minutes to 40 minutes with different wheel rim damage cases, while manually at the David Jaya Motor workshop, from observing field test results it takes a minimum of 90 minutes.


The Tm:Ho-doped fiber improves the frequency stabilization of the Er-doped fiber comb by increasing the S/N ratio of the detected fceo signal by 10 dB.


Ultrafine powders of aluminum nitride were produced by a dc plasma jet. The evaporation process of the aluminum and the mechanism of the AIN synthesis were then wtudied. Al bulk and Al powder were used as raw materials. The cylinder type Al bulk was rapidly vaporized by an argon-nitrogen mixing plasma. As a result, ultrafine powders of AIN were prepared by the reaction of Al vapor with ambient ammonia gas. It was also observed that the conversion of Al into AIN was mainly affected by the injecting position and flow rate of the NH₃ gas. When using Al powder as the raw material, crystalline AIN was obtained on the hot wall reactor, whereas amorphous AIN powder was obtained on the cold wall reactor. To increase the conversion, NH₃ gas needs to be injected at a lower temperature because NH₃ gas can easily be dissociated into molecular nitrogen and hydrogen at a higher temperature region. The powders observed were fluffy, white-colored with diameters ranging from 10 nm to 300 nm.


It is well known that shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), and Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) sustain significantly more Nantucket pine tip moth (Rhyacionia frustrana Comst.) damage than do slash pine (Pinus elliotti var. elliotti Engelm.) and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) (Berisford and Ross 1990, Wakeley 1928). Understanding the cause of this difference in susceptibility is important since tip moth can be a serious pest, especially in commercial pine plantations. This study provides further information about the inheritance of susceptibility to tip moth damage in southern pine trees.


Shanxi Coking Coal Group embodies the belief of scientific development in practice.It focuses on energy-saving and waste reduction according to the ideas of being sustainable and being recycled in economy.It promotes circulation economy pilot work in energy saving.This paper presents measurements taken to build up its management network,green environment protection system,investment in energy-saving project and to intensify the environment protection.


In their widely-cited survey on mixed-criticality systems, Burns and Davis describe a very general model for representing mixed-criticality sporadic tasks. In this general model multiple estimates, at differing levels of assurance, are specified for each of the three parameters -- worst-case execution time (WCET), relative deadline, and period -- characterizing a 3-parameter sporadic task. The preemptive uniprocessor scheduling of systems of such tasks is considered. A scheduling algorithm is presented, proved correct, and quantitatively characterized via the speedup factor metric for dual-criticality systems of such tasks. To our knowledge, this is the first work to conduct any form of analysis of task systems that are represented using this general model.


Irritational fi broma is a reactive lesion that is among the most common oral soft -tissue lesions, caused due to local trauma or irritation by plaque, calculus, overhanging margins, and restorations. It is most commonly seen on buccal mucosa along the line of occlusion in third to fourth decade of life. Th e second most common site is the maxillary anterior gingiva. Th e color is usually same as the surrounding mucosa and consistency is soft to fi rm. Th is paper aims to present a rare case of irritational fi broma of gingiva in a 15-year-old adolescent female patient.


1/2 active suspension of vehicle system dynamics model and road input model were established.The PID control and fuzzy control were parallel connected and the active suspension with fuzzy PID controller was designed.The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink showed that the active suspension fuzzy PID control was superior to the passive suspension and simple fuzzy control and PID control in the aspecls of vehicle body acceleration,pilch angular acceleration,suspension dynamic travel and tire dynamic deflection,the riding comfort can be improved preferably.


The comprehensive harness of excreta from animals and poultries in the Shanghai city has crossed the way of "returning to field-reaching industrial standard -comprehensive utilization" in more than 10 years. Through analysis of the innovation of technological route and practice in the integrated control of excrement from animals and poultries in Shanghai, the reason why the technology plan changed was analysed and the recommendation that the results of research in modern ecological science should be used in future as to combine the comprehensive harness of excreta from animals and poultry with the sustainable development of animal husbandry.


On the occasion of giving a paper on the so-called disorders of the 'feeling of familiarity'3 (Neurol. Centralbl., 1903, n.l), I recently had the opportunity to show how the analysis of this emotional element (Geffihlsfactors) throws light on a series of pathological phenomena whose understanding has so far been exclusively intellectualistic. I would like now to draw attention to disturbances where abnormal feelings (abnorme Gefühlzustände) play a decisive role, and whose study has been neglected by the intellectualistic approach to the disturbances of the consciousness of the person' currently reigning in German psychiatry. Since the publication of Storring's Vorlesungen fiber Psychopathologie (1 Q('O, p. 286),5 this matter has not been discussed in the German psychiatric literature, so reporting some cases may also be worthwhile. On the other hand, St6rring neglected the French literature, and his view needs supplementing.'


Graded photonic crystals (GPCs) control effectively the propagation of light. Their compact size makes them very attractive in integrated optics. In this work, we'll use the graded photonic crystal as a coupler between the dielectric waveguide and photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) obtained by omitting one row of air holes in the ΓK direction of a photonic crystal triangular lattice, to improve the coupling efficiency between the two waveguides. The insertion of a graded photonic crystal between the dielectric waveguide and the photonic crystal waveguide has increased the coefficient of transmission from 5.6%, relative to the direct coupling, to 43% [1]. The purpose of this work is to improve of the advantage the coupling efficiency by introducing some changes in the coupling structure. This modification concerns the gradual change of the radii of air holes of PCW. The numerical code CrystalWave is used to model our structures. This one is based on the FDTD method. The results of our optimization show that the coefficient of transmission passes from 43% to 54%.


An important parameter for the expansion of the plasma bases at the electrodes is the expansion of plasma channel and gas bubble of the spark erosion. Simulations for the expansions on the basis of two different models are presented. The initial size of the discharge channel diameter is determined by the breakdown conditions in the narrow working gap (streamer entry). The expansion of the discharge channel parts can be simulated from the knowledge of the current and voltage curves at the gap and from the characteristics of the dielectric fluid which depends on temperature and pressure. In this context is compared a cylindrically symmetric layer model to an ellipsoidal layer model.


In order to protect network information security and improve the security of wireless sensor networks, based on chaotic systems, we propose a wireless sensor algorithm based on improved identity encryption. First, the basic principle of chaotic system mapping is specifically analyzed; the two chaotic mapping systems are rectified to obtain the hybrid chaotic mapping system according to the demand of wireless sensing network. After that, an encryption framework and key are designed and the hybrid mapping system is applied to the encryption framework to encrypt the data. In this way, the length of the encryption algorithm is lengthened and the defensibility of the encrypted content is improved. Finally, the performance of the proposed encryption algorithm is tested in terms of information entropy, statistical methods, and ciphertext randomness. The test results show that compared with other encryption algorithms, the running speed of the encryption algorithm proposed in this paper is only 18.51 ms, which is faster than that of other encryption algorithms, and the memory consumption is only 27%, which is much lower than that of other algorithms. It can be seen that the proposed encryption algorithm has strong encryption effect and superior algorithm performance for data encryption in wireless sensor networks.


Masayasu Esaki, Kentaro Yuge, Shusaku Miyata, Rumi Maruyama, Atsushi Mikami, Shinya Hideshi Okada, Genzou Takemura, Ken-ichiro Kosai, Yiwen Li, Tomoyuki Takahashi, Infarct Tissue Dynamics and Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodeling and Heart Failure Signal Modulates β Postinfarction Gene Therapy Against Transforming Growth FactorPrint ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000165066.71481.8E 2005;111:2430-2437; originally published online May 2, 2005; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/111/19/2430 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the


Hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes are deployed to WSNs (wireless sensor networks). They contribute to collect data in various environment, but with limited battery power. There are some deficiencies in WSNs. Many sensors share limited wireless channel bandwidth, which leads to some sensors lose their data sent to cluster-head. Many cheap sensors are equipped to nodes for low cost and they usually have poor capability of sensing. They are easy to be interfered by harsh environment they work, leading to measurement error and noise disturbance. For these deficiencies,a tiny data aggregation algorithm with preprocessing applied to individual local cluster, based on Grubbs criteria, fuzzy clustering, is proposed in the paper. Clustering is also adopted, as an important mechanism, to reduce energy consumption and make better network performance. Individual cluster sensors' data can be aggregated in cluster-head and Just the accurate result sent to sink node The simulation results show that It can efficiently eliminate outlier (abnormal data), make up for the impact of missing data in communications and improve data preciseness.


The urgent problem for industrial inspection is non-contact precision measurement the diameters of circular reflecting cylinders, namely, rolling bearing elements with diameter from 10 mm to 50 mm must be inspected with error no more than 1 ìm. Diffraction method for measurement of diameters of circular reflecting cylinders is presented. Peculiarity of this method is rather measurement gaps between two cylinder vertexes and two reference half-planes, than measurement of cylinder diameter by direct Fraunhofer method. Equivalent model of formation of Fraunhofer diffraction pattern by measurable object is developed. Using this model an algorithm of diffraction pattern processing was suggested that allows determining gap between object edges and reference half-planes with error no more than 1ìm.


The invention hydrofluoric the PPM to the sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ultra-pure water and hydrofluoric acid (HF) is to create a mixed etching treatment solution directed to a chemical-liquid mixing method of supplying the semiconductor manufacturing process, the chemical-liquid mixing method of supplying the invention are (a) the mixing tank supplying hydrofluoric acid to be mixed in a unit; And (b) comprising the step of mixing by supplying hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid and deionized water to said mixing tank at a constant rate; The step (b) is characterized in that the supply start time point of the ultra-pure water and hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid are different from each other. According to such a chemical-liquid mixing feed method, by varying the supply start time point of sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water, respectively, by minimizing sulfate and gwasanhwasusoyi time for the interaction, it is possible to minimize the heating time to be generated in the mixing of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.


The classical Riccati equation for the prediction error covariance arises in linear estimation and is derived by the discrete time Kalman filter equations. New Riccati equations for the estimation error covariance as well as for the smoothing error covariance are presented. These equations have the same structure as the classical Riccati equation. The three equations are computationally equivalent. It is pointed out that the new equations can be solved via the solution algorithms for the classical Riccati equation using other well-defined parameters instead of the original Kalman filter parameters.


In the present study an attempt is made to relate the general pattern of reflection seismograms obtained over a coal basin to the acoustical properties peculiar to the Coal Measures. The Carboniferous is characterized by a very rapid succession of distinct lithological units, resulting in a surprising variability in their physical properties. Coal seams in particular are conspicuous by their low density and velocity and they produce acoustical contrasts of 35–50 % with respect to country rock. The resulting heavy shielding action prevents the seismic energy from penetrating deeply into this type of formation. With the aid of synthetic seismograms, arranged into synthetic profiles, it is shown that only a minor part of the Coal Measures reflections is of primary origin. The majority has a secondary character brought about by reverberations inside the weathering zone. Thus the conclusion is reached that reflection shooting allows of mapping only the structure of the top section of the Carboniferous, which is sufficient for the purposes of the coalmining industry.


Structured and functional microfluidic channels make microfluidic chips and devices more powerful in a variety of applications. In situ decoration of nanostructures on the channel wall is a low-cos...


This study was undertaken in order to investigate factors affecting the sustainability of CSR funded community based projects as well as examine their implementation challenges. A questionnaire as a source of primary data was administered to 96 respondents in Kankoyo. The findings revealed that the majority of the projects were not sustainable. This may be attributed to lack of Mopani establishing roles for community members in the projects as well as monitoring them. There was also lack of regular communication between Mopani and the Community. The management of both Mopani and Community changes in membership was also not there. Lastly, Mopani didn't consider the community as a key partner in their CSR projects. This could have been due to the community's inability to contribute (labour, material or money) towards the projects. Overall, there was no partnership between Mopani and the Kankoyo Community in CSR community based projects. The resultant effects were lack of partnership with the community and mismanagement of the facilities by the community which resulted in the un-sustainability of projects. Hence, the study established that a well partnered stakeholder approach was appropriate for the sustainability of the projects with suitable roles, communication and management of any changes. All in all, there was a challenge of lack of full partnership by other stakeholders (Kankoyo Breweries, CEC, Council, Government etc.) which affected the sustainability of the Mopani based community projects. Based on the findings, some recommendations are made which include Mopani partnering with not only the kankoyo community but also with other stakeholders too. Keywords : Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, Projects, Partnership, Community.


This paper presents an experimental study on Lamb wave base d tomography for damage detection in thin aluminum plate. Tomography is the process of creating an image of the test specimen using the propagation parameters of wave passing through the specimen. Here, Lamb w ve is used for the purpose and are generated and recorded using piezoelectric patches as transducers. The arr ay of patches required for the experiment is studied and modified cross-hole geometry is used. The reconstruction algorithm used is MART 2. Prior to the experimental study, a FE simulation was carried for defectless plate and is validated with the experimental results. Later, the experiments were conducted for different forms of damages, namely, lumped masses of different sizes and orientations, and notch. The experiments proved that the method is successful in predicting the presence of defects, orientation and size using time-offlight (ToF) data of the propagating Lamb wave.


Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) analysis is a method that predicts the genetic risk of an individual towards targeted traits. Even when there are no significant markers, it gives evidence of a genetic effect beyond the results of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Moreover, it selects single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that contribute to African populations: and analyzing African population data for clinical evaluation of PRSs of interest and predicting rare diseases. breast cancer, and prostate cancer (See the extended data 109 ). Most of these studies provide significant evidence of the success of PRS analysis in identifying patients who are at high risk of developing disease complications. the primary strength of PRS analysis is its capability of stratifying individuals based on their probability of developing a disease. The biological power of PRS analysis arose due to its capacity to identify therapeutic and genomic pathways for type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. applying PRS analysis on these traits showed that the reproducibility of PRS results is in the European population. European genomes ( p -value < 2.2 (cid:4) 10e-16, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). This continental level pattern is consistent with public health data. 86 A further investigation was done by the team of MADCaP (Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate Consortium) to study sites that portrayed a substantial amount of overlap in the PRS distributions of different African populations. Based on their findings, the investigators of MADCaP observed within-continent heterogeneity for the predicted risk of prostate cancer. Their findings showed that individuals from Dakar, Senegal have the lowest predicted risks of prostate cancer than other African study sites while individuals from Abuja, Nigeria have the highest predicted risks. The MADCaP team concluded that allele frequency differences at common disease-associated loci can contribute to population-level differences in prostate cancer risk.


Steroid‐refractory (SR) acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) is one of the leading causes of early mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). We investigated the efficacy, safety, prognostic factors, and optimal therapeutic protocol for SR‐aGVHD patients treated with basiliximab in a real‐world setting. Nine hundred and forty SR‐aGVHD patients were recruited from 36 hospitals in China, and 3683 doses of basiliximab were administered. Basiliximab was used as monotherapy (n = 642) or in combination with other second‐line treatments (n = 298). The cumulative incidence of overall response rate (ORR) at day 28 after basiliximab treatment was 79.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.5%–82.3%). The probabilities of nonrelapse mortality and overall survival at 3 years after basiliximab treatment were 26.8% (95% CI 24.0%–29.6%) and 64.3% (95% CI 61.2%–67.4%), respectively. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to compare the efficacy and safety between the monotherapy and combined therapy groups. Combined therapy did not increase the ORR; conversely, it increased the infection rates compared with monotherapy. The multivariate analysis showed that combined therapy, grade III–IV aGVHD, and high‐risk refined Minnesota aGVHD risk score before basiliximab treatment were independently associated with the therapeutic response. Hence, we created a prognostic scoring system that could predict the risk of having a decreased likelihood of response after basiliximab treatment. Machine learning was used to develop a protocol that maximized the efficacy of basiliximab while maintaining acceptable levels of infection risk. Thus, real‐world data suggest that basiliximab is safe and effective for treating SR‐aGVHD.


This study aims to analyze the color characteristics of Japanese cultural product shops and differences in business categories by analyzing the colors of the Gion Shopping Street in Kyoto, Japan. Through the study, the traditional colors are reflected not only in the domestic cultural products but also the interior colors of shops. That way, visitors can be influenced naturally and gain indirect cultural experience to form a good image of Korea, which can help to improve sales of cultural products. The analysis was conducted through the colors of Munsell to determine the overall, dominant, assort, and accent colors based on categories of goods to identify the characteristics of the traditional Japanese cultural product shop. Among the 85 shops that were surveyed, YR and W frequently appeared as chromatic and neutral colors. Dominant was W, and assort was YR. B, P and Y also showed up. In color combination analysis, 35.3% was contrasted. For the hue, 32.9% was dark. Based on goods categories, confectionary shops used YR mainly, while souvenir and fashion accessory shops used W the most. Restaurants mostly had W as thedominant and YR for assorting. Cafes and art shops used Bk the most. The interior colors of cultural products shops should maintain the atmosphere of tradition and convey images of the products well. Based on this research, Korea also needs to actively reflect the interior designs of cultural product shops using traditional colors.


Abstract Introduction: Retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from neural crest. They are mostly benign tumors, but malignant tumors can be aggressive and can lead to metastasis. The main treatment option of paragangliomas is complete resection of the retroperitoneal mass. Retroperitoneal paragangliomas usually locate between abdominal aorta and vena cava inferior. They usually do not invade these two vessels. With careful and thoughtful dissection, excision may be possible from these structures. After surgery, follow-up is important in terms of potential malignancy. In this presentation, we aimed to present our experience in the laparoscopic retroperitoneal mass excision of a 67-year-old female patient who had ~8 × 7 cm mass, which is located inferior to the left renal pedicle and anterior to the aorta. Materials and Methods: On November 2011, in our clinic, incomplete transurethral resection-bladder was performed to ~5 × 7 cm mass, which was located on the apex of t...


As VLSI technology enters the nanoscale regime, interconnect delay has become the bottleneck of the circuit timing. As one of the most powerful techniques for interconnect optimization, buffer insertion is indispensable in the physical synthesis flow. Buffering is known to be NP-complete and existing works either explore dynamic programming to compute optimal solution in the worst-case exponential time or design efficient heuristics without performance guarantee. Even if buffer insertion is one of the most studied problems in physical design, whether there is an efficient algorithm with provably good performance still remains unknown. This work settles this open problem. In the paper, the first fully polynomial time approximation scheme for the timing driven minimum cost buffer insertion problem is designed. The new algorithm can approximate the optimal buffering solution within a factor of 1 + ε running in O(m2n2b/ε3 + n3b2/ε) time for any 0 ≪ ε ≪ 1, where n is the number of candidate buffer locations, m is the number of sinks in the tree, and b is the number of buffers in the buffer library. In addition to its theoretical guarantee, our experiments on 1000 industrial nets demonstrate that compared to the commonly-used dynamic programming algorithm, the new algorithm well approximates the optimal solution, with only 0.57% additional buffers and 4.6× speedup. This clearly demonstrates the practical value of the new algorithm.


Efficient doping of 2D materials, including carrier type, concentration and mobility, is challenging but essential for enabling their future electronic and photonic applications. We are developing substitutional n- and p- doping of InSe semiconductor by introducing Sn and Zn, respectively, in the Bridgman bulk crystal growth. Electrical transport properties of undoped vs. n- and p- doped InSe crystals are compared by conducting Hall measurements on bulk crystals and FET transport measurements on exfoliated thin layers. Undoped InSe is intrinsically n-type in both bulk and thin-film forms, with [n]~3.5E14 cm-3 and mu values of up to 1,400 cm2 V-1 s-1 for thick layers at 300K. Carrier concentration in Sn-doped thick layers increases approximately two-fold, while the corresponding mobility reduces ~2 times at 300 K. Zn-doped InSe shows p- behavior for bulk InSe with [p]~7.9E13 cm-3 and mu~43 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 300 K, which reverts to ambipolar/n- type behavior for thin layers in FET devices.


Abstract. Ice shelf flexures modeling was performed using a 2-D finite-difference elastic model, which takes into account sub-ice-shelf sea water flow. The sub-ice water flow was described by the wave equation for the sub-ice-shelf pressure perturbations (Holdsworth and Glynn, 1978). In the model ice shelf flexures result from variations in ocean pressure due to changes in prescribed sea levels. The numerical experiments were performed for a flow line down one of the fast flowing ice streams of the Academy of Sciences Ice Cap. The profile includes a part of the adjacent ice shelf. The numerical experiments were carried out for harmonic incoming pressure perturbations P' and the ice shelf flexures were obtained for a wide spectrum of the pressure perturbations frequencies, ranging from tidal periods down to periods of a few seconds (0.004..0.02 Hz). The amplitudes of the ice shelf deflections obtained by the model achieve a maxima at about T a 165 s in concordance with previous investigations of the impact of waves on Antarctic ice shelves (Bromirski et al., 2010). The explanation of the effect is found in the solution of the corresponding eigenvalue problem revealing the existence of a resonance at these high frequencies.


The potential effect of alcohol on brain growth and maturation is of considerable concern, particularly in adolescence, when nearly a quarter of youth


Many convergence results in density estimation can be stated without any restriction on the function to be estimated. Unlike these universal properties, the asymptotic normality of estimators often requires hypotheses on the derivatives of the underlying density and additional conditions on the smoothing parameter. Yet, despite the possible bad local behaviour of the density (it is not continuous or has infinite derivative), the convergence in law of the nearest-neighbour estimator still may occur and provide confidence bands for the estimated density. Therefore, a natural question arises: Is it possible to get a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a limit distribution of the nearest-neighbour estimator? We answer this question by using the regularity index recently introduced by Beirlant, Berlinet and Biau [(2008), 'Higher Order Estimation at Lebesgue Points', Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 60, 651–677]. As expected, when it does exist, the limit distribution is Gaussian. Its mean and variance are explicitly given as functions of the regularity index. The second-order term in the expansion of the small ball probability is shown to be the crucial parameter. In contrast to the former results on sufficiency of conditions for asymptotic normality, no continuity hypothesis is required for the underlying density.


replacement of the current microcontroller-based implementation. The proposed SOC is built on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) promising a cheaper design, a more cohesive architecture, a faster processing time and an enhanced system interaction. Different designs, and their hardware implementations, are proposed with different levels of integration. Performance analysis and evaluation of the investigated designs are included.


Scotland, where revivals both fostered and reflected a sense of national identity and community. She asserts that most of the Irish were evangelicals who were happiest in the revival ritual but offers scant documentation for this contention. Those who did not participate, she assumes were apathetic. Maybe they just did not like the revivals. The fact that Irish congregations might have sought out ministers from the seceder church in Scotland simply because they could not obtain supplies from the synod of Ulster is acknowledged, but dismissed in favour of the alternative explanation that they were seeking evangelical preaching. The subscription controversy and schism cannot be made to fit into a history of revivalistic ritual and are viewed, instead, as the laity's commitment to a rigid adherence to another part of the heritage — the Westminster confession. This rigidity must have softened by 1763 when the moderator of the synod of Ulster could announce that it was perfectly legitimate to refuse to subscribe to authorised creeds. The reader is left wondering what might account for this change.


The article explores the arguments in favor of feminist epistemology used in the works of L. Code, S. Harding, D. Haraway, J. Lloyd and other gender (radical) feminists. The sources of feminist epistemology are the naturalized epistemology and the thesis of underdetermination by W. Quine, the views of W. Sellars, Marxism, the strong program of sociology of knowledge, logical positivism. The features of feminist epistemology include many signature schemes, the tendency to use different schemes from suitable disciplines, rethinking of the concepts «knowledge» and «knower» for previously excluded or non-included groups of women, people with disabilities, representatives of different races, sexual minorities. Another feature is that «Feminine» experience and voice, viewed from an essentialist or non-essentialist approach, are considered the grounds for the position of «knower». The article examines the critical remarks made by feminists against the assumptions of traditional epistemology: universal human nature, «a view from nowhere», pureimpersonal reason, the assumption of «Robinsonade». Attention to subjectivity, values and selfish interests in the production of knowledge should be considered a merit of feminist epistemology. However, L. Laudan has already shown that no one, including representatives of feminist epistemology, have demonstrated the plausibility, let alone the veracity of judgements that justify any number of possible interpretations of the knowledge gained. The paper shows that feminist epistemology cannot avoid the well-known vicissitudes of epistemological relativism. However, feminist epistemology deserves the attention of philosophers because it is part of a broader relativist turn in social sciences and the humanities that seeks to extend its criticism to scientific knowledge.


Companies develop and maintain complex web sites. Literature provides them with many guidelines for these tasks. However this knowledge is disseminated in many information sources and difficult to apply. This paper is an attempt to address the following research question: How to structure the existing guidelines helping website designers in order to facilitate their application? The contribution is twofold: i) we propose a meta-model allowing a rich representation of these guidelines, ii) we feed this model with several hundreds of guidelines thanks to a deep extraction and structuration. Future research will consist in enriching the UWE (UML-based Web Engineering) method with this knowledge base leading to a quality based approach.


Objective. To identify the microbiota communities in the vaginal tracts of healthy Mexican women across the pregnancy. Methods. Vaginal swabs were obtained during the prenatal visit of women from all trimesters (n = 64) of healthy pregnant women of Mexico City. DNA was isolated from each sample, and PCR-DGGE and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments were used to identify the bacterial communities. Results. 21 different microorganisms were identified in the vaginal samples. Lactobacillus genus was present in 98% of women studied. Four lactobacilli species were identified in vaginal samples. L. acidophilus was the predominant (78%) followed by L. iners (54%), L. gasseri (20%), and L. delbrueckii (6%). 17 different microorganisms related to bacterial vaginosis conditions were identified. Ureaplasma urealyticum was the predominant (21%) followed by BVAB1 (17%) and Gemella bergeriae (7.8%). Conclusions. Lactobacillus genus predominates in the vaginal samples of Mexican pregnant women associated with different microorganisms related to bacterial vaginosis conditions.


Human resource is important to the success and sustainable development of enterprise now.To effectively develop staff training,a set of training system is needed.Aiming at the characteristics of Changqing drilling bridge,such as broad range,comprehensive management,and high pace of production,the article researched drilling human resource training system of Changqing from theory and measures combining with the demand of enterprise training.


To meet the requirement of realtime and correct edge detection in complicated image segmentation, a speedy edge detection technological know-how based totally on optimization mannequin was once proposed. The optimization mannequin of deep mastering is adopted, the image object is taken as the segmentation unit, the image is divided through pixel, and then the segmentation image is merged based totally on certain rules. A giant wide variety of spots or noise after image segmentation are reduced, and the variety of pixel factors in the incorrect division is reduced It shortens the detection time and improves the detection efficiency, and has sure benefits in contrast with the classical Log, Canny and Pal. King algorithms.


In September 2005 a 4-component borehole strainmeter was installed in a borehole inside the gallery of the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa, south of Jena, Germany. There, two quartz-tube strainmeters are recording along the two perpendicular axis of the gallery, as well as a laser-strainmeter connecting the end points of the quartz tubes. The borehole strainmeter comprises four strain gauges: three in the horizontal plane and one gauge for the vertical component. A fifth channel provides the temperature. The strain sensor consists of a small magnetometer, the linear potentiometer FS-3791 invented by MACOME Corporation, Japan. The resolution of the strain sensors over the diameter of the sonde of 104 mm allows the detection of the tides as well as seismic signals with a high dynamic range. 1 μm corresponds to about 400 mV equivalent to 10 nstrain. Thus, the output signal of 1 mV equals 2.5 nm (~ 25 nstrain). The analog data is filtered and sampled every 10 seconds. The signal magnitude is in the order of some millivolts. Therefore the data is amplified by a factor of about 10, and the offset can be corrected before digitization. The first results presented here are promising.


[1] A calculation from first principles of the differential cross section for Rayleigh scattering shows that the contribution of polarizability anisotropy found in the literature is valid only in the high rotational quantum number limit of the vector coupling coefficients, that is, in the high-temperature or classical limit. The additional term in the total Rayleigh scattering cross section arising from the polarizability anisotropy is about four times smaller than what is called the King factor in the literature. These errors, resulting from ignoring the constraints imposed by the conservation of angular momentum, can lead to significant corrections in estimating populations from stratospheric and mesospheric measurements.


The variation of the properties of the magneto-optical material on the temperature is a key problem for the optical current sensor based on magneto-optical material. In this paper, we propose a method for overcoming this problem based on the dual-wavelength configuration, which can obtain the analytical solution of both the temperature and the magnetic flux density. We perform a real-world experiment to investigate the performance of this method at different temperatures and at different magnetic flux densities, in order to verify the feasibility of this method. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can maintain good accuracy (with the relative error less than 1.2%) at a temperature above –20  °C, and it has a better performance at higher magnetic flux density.


This work aims at the preformulation and development of intra-articular drug delivery system by enhancing the release of curcumin from curcumin magnetic nanosuspension for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. The preformulation studies such as solubility, incompatible studies of drug, magnetite and polymer with various stress conditions, LOD, particle size, hygroscopicity and thermal properties were carried out. The results give evidence that curcumin was absolutely suitable for the development of magnetic nanosuspension. Magnetite (Fe3O4) and methyl cellulose has been used for the preparation of magnetic nanosuspension using the solvent displacement method. Physiochemical characterization of CMNS was carried out to obtain information about particle size distribution, drug loading efficiency, morphology, pH, viscosity, density, sedimentation rate, magnetic susceptibility test, assay and release was found from in vitro dissolution studies using 0.01N hydrochloric acid with 0.8% SLS at 37C ± 0.5C. Curcumin release from magnetic nanosuspension of selected formulations (F6) show better release with external magnetic fields among other formulations (F1 – F5).


ABSTRACT The literature in higher education public relations affirms that senior public relations administrators should be involved in institutional decision making at colleges and universities. However, public relations professionals are often stereotyped more as information processors and manipulators than as key members of an institution's senior management team. This study examines the role of senior public relations administrators in institutional decision making at the 14 universities in Pennsylvania's State System of Higher Education (SSHE). Based on the findings of this study, it may be concluded that SSHE senior public relations administrators are often not included in efforts to resolve important issues and influence institutional decisions.


Gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are key components enabling today's wireless communication systems. However, overheating concerns hinder today's commercial GaN HEMTs from reaching their full potential. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the respective thermally resistive components that comprise the device's thermal resistance and determine their contributions to the channel temperature rise. In this work, the thermal conductivity of the GaN channel/buffer layer and the effective thermal boundary resistance (TBR) of the GaN/substrate interface of a GaN-on-SiC wafer were measured using a frequency-domain thermoreflectance technique. The results were validated by both experiments and modeling of a transmission line measurement (TLM) structure fabricated on the GaN-on-SiC wafer. The limiting GaN/substrate thermal boundary conductance (TBC) beyond which there is no influence on the device temperature rise was then quantified for different device configurations. It was determined that this limiting TBC is a function of the substrate material, the direction in which heat primarily flows, and the channel temperature. The outcomes of this work provide device engineers with guidance in the design of epitaxial GaN wafers that will help minimize the device's thermal resistance.


This article tries to explain what influence an illicit economy has on power structures in the margins of the state. Still, academic understanding on the influence of illegal economies on local order is limited. The concept of fields of power by Pierre Bourdieu offers analytical tools which allows to track more precisely the relationship between illicit economies and power. The case study on the valley of Monzon allows to present the effect of the coca economy as predominant factor during a boom period. The destruction of the coca economy by the Peruvian state offers on the other hand the opportunity to analyze the loss of this determinant factor for the power structures in a society. The article shows the importance for an illicit economy for the local field of power. This gives a better understanding on the influence of illicit economies and the effect of state intervention.


THE unusually early age_at which this child developed a squamous carcinoma of the pharynx makes this case of singular interest. The marked difference in the local behaviour of the tumour in the pharynx and the mode of spread in the neck contrasts with tumours of similar histology found in the adult. The patient, a io-year-old Jamaican boy of negro origin, was seen on i July 1967 with a jthree month history of progressive dysphagia and with recent pain and swelling that had developed in the left side of the neck the previous week (Fig. 1). A mirror examination of the pharynx showedjoedema in the region of the post-cricoid with pooling of saliva in both pyriform fossae. A barium swallow was reported as showing no abnormality in the cervical oesophagus but a soft tissue lateral X-ray of the pharynx showed abnormal widening of the soft tissues in the post-cricoid region (Fig. 2). The child was clinically anaemic and very thin with obvious recent muscle wasting. Investigations showed the Hb. to be 5-2 g. per cent; MCHC 25 per cent; WBC 14,000


Magnetic servo levitation (MSL) is currently being investigated as an alternative to drive fast-tool servo systems that could overcome the range limitations inherent to piezoelectric driven devices while operating over a wide bandwidth. To control such systems, a feedback-linearized controller coupled with a Kalman filter has been previously described. Performance limitations that degrade tracking accuracy suggest the use of a more robust controller design approach, such as sliding-mode control. Current literature on sliding mode deals almost exclusively with systems that are affine on the input, while the magnetic fast-tool servo is nonlinear on it when the control action is current command. This paper discusses a sliding mode-based controller that overcomes the aforementioned problem by defining a modified sliding condition to calculate control action. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving long-range fast tracking with magnetically levitated devices by using sliding-mode control.


Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is a leguminous crop which is widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics between 40°N and 40°S latitudes. It is valued for its high-oil edible seeds and as such it is the fourth most important source of edible oil and third most important source of vegetable protein in the world. Groundnut is not only an important oilseed crop of India but also an important agricultural export commodity. Cultivation of groundnut is an alternate occupation to fishing by the fisherman in the coastal sands. Farmers are cultivating groundnut after groundnut for the past two decades resulting in low income from the crop. Based on their demand a field experiment is planned to identify alternate crops which are remunerative to this tract
Methods: Field experiment entitled "Identification of suitable alternate Rabi crops for coastal sands of Nellore district" was carried out for two consecutive years during rabi, 2017-18 and 2018-19 on farmer's field at Srigowripuram, Vidavalur Mandal, SPSR Nellore district.
Result: The mean performance revealed that all the crops produced less groundnut equivalent yields than groundnut crop. Groundnut pod equivalent yield was reduced by 4.60%, 71.25%, 90.14% and 55.78% in water melon, musk melon, onion and potato crops respectively. In terms of groundnut pod equivalent yield no crop is found superior to existing groundnut crop. With regard to alternate crops, the maximum groundnut pod equivalent yield (4941.50 kg ha-1) was noticed in water melon crop followed by muskmelon (1489.50 kg ha-1). Though higher gross and net returns were realized for groundnut (284955, 200695 Rs ha-1) B:C ratio was found to be maximum for water melon (3.48) due to low cost of cultivation Hence, water melon crop can be promoted as a remunerative crop alternate groundnut in coastal sands of Nellore district. Whereas, onion crop was found to be least in monitory returns crop with lower productivity in costal sands of Nellore district.


The cortical cytoskeleton of suspension cells, protoplasts and ; regenerated protoplasts of tobacco was studied by means of fluorescent probes at the light-microscopical level and by means of dry-cleaved and freeze-fractured preparations at the electron-microscopical level. No differences in the organization of the cortical cytoskeleton of the suspension cells and protoplasts were observed. Mostly, the cytoskeleton showed highly organized domains within superficially random-like patterns. Microtubules formed extensive bundles with up to 10 elements per cross-linked bundle. About 65 cross-bridges occurred per μΐη. The , cross-links were 25 to 50 nm long and 5 to 20 nm in diameter. On the average, 56% of the entire microtubular length was present in the cross-linked bundles. Length and abundance of microtubules ranged between 0.8 14.28 /tm and 0.93 4.29 μνη/μνη respectively. Elongated cells derived from regenerated protoplasts displayed " microtubule-distributions perpendicular to the long cell axis. In dry-cleaved preparations, microtubules were regularly aligned with microfilaments, either as parallel or as 'stitched' filaments. These alignments did not occur over distances longer than


cial city and rural bus service requirements, but these are mentioned with respect to the maximum length of vehicles or the number of times gears are changed in a daily run, rather than in terms of the labour required to operate and maintain a bus or the needs of different types of passengers. Some more general contextual information can be found in his other books in the series The British Bus Story, which treats the development of the industry chronologically. Yet even here the information is directed more to transport fans and bus professionals than to general readers. Those lacking in stamina, enthusiasm or nostalgia may well find these specialist books difficult to appreciate, but it is useful to know that such basic books are available when historians eventually realise that they must write bus history which can be read by a wider audience. Margaret Walsh University of Birmingham


This paper presents the necessary and sufficient conditions of User Equilibrium and Logit Equilibrium with traffic information release under the assumption that all the route cost functions are quadratic piecewise analytic.Then the effectiveness of traffic information is discussed and some realistic analytic results are produced.Finally,several examples are given.


Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.


Abstract Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are known to frequent rivers and streams during post-breeding. I describe observations of Mallards feeding on fresh Pacific salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.) carcasses in Alaska on two separate occasions during July– August 2005. These observations represent the first reported use of salmon carcasses by Mallards in Alaska. This strategy may be fairly common for a segment of post-breeding and fall staging Pacific Flyway Mallards in Alaska, particularly those that inhabit streams and rivers used by the five species of Pacific salmon during the spawning season.


Objective:To establish a method for determination the content limit of aristolochic acid A in Xiaozhongzhitong tincture.Methods:Aristolochic acid A was determined from samples and cleaned up by extraction and SPE.The aristolochic acid A was separated on HyperClone ODS 120A C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column with 0.3% ammonium carbonate solution(pH was adjusted to 7.5 with 20% hydrochloric acid)-acetonitrile(80∶ 20) as a mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 and the detection wavelength was set up at 250 nm.The external standard method was used for quantification.Results: Aristolochic acid A had good linear relationship in the range of 0.2076-20.76 ng and the correlation coefficient was 1.000.The detection limit and quantitation limit of aristolochic acid A in Xiaozhongzhitong tincture were 0.21 and 0.52 ng·mL-1,respectively.The average recovery(n=9) was 90.1%.Conclusion: The developed method is simple,reproducible,accurate,and can be used as a inspection method for safe use of Xiaozhongzhitong tincture.


Abstract Financial and political factors are widely considered to be an explanatory factor of the privatisation of public services. However, the empirical evidence in this respect is not convincing. This paper considers elements of long-term financial condition and ideological and political strength, together with other socio-economic factors and the effects of the current global financial crisis, to address the financial stress–privatisation relationship, with respect to urban water services, observed during the period 2002–2012 in Spanish municipalities. A discrete time survival model is applied, and the results obtained show that certain elements of financial condition, together with political and ideological factors, are decisive influences in decisions to privatise urban water services. We also highlight the major impact of the Great Recession and its effect on the financial stress–privatisation relationship.


Background: Allergic Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system that is well known by increased inflammatory cells in the airways and causes difficulty in respiration. The prevalence of allergic asthma is increasing worldwide, and it has be-come a significant cause of health challenge especially in developed countries. Inhaled β2-agonists and Inhaled or oral corticosteroids are common medications for treating the disease, but they cannot be used for long periods of time because of frequently occur-ring side effects and they can't change the main pathogenesis of the problem. Defi-ciency in regulatory system against inflammation could be an important factor in allergic asthma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential of cellular immunosup-pressive therapy of inflammatory disorders. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of MSC therapy on mechanisms of allergic asthma in mice model. Methods: This experimental study was conducted from August 2014 to March 2015. The animals were housed and maintained in Biotechnology Center of Urmia University, Iran. Mice were sensitized by intra-peritoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and alu-minum hydroxide emulsion and then were challenged intra-nasally with OVA. Before allergen challenge on day 14, experimental mice received tail vein injection of MSCs in PBS. Regulatory T cells of spleen, cytokines and IgE analysis were carried out using lungs wash as well as serum samples. Results: Our results showed that MSCs significantly reduced total cells and eosino-philia, serum OVA-specific IgE concentration in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. Also results showed that MSCs markedly inhibited expressions of Th2 cytokines and elevated levels of Treg cells and Treg cytokines. Conclusion: In the present study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of MSCs on airway inflammation using mice model of allergic asthma. The mice were sensitized with OVA and compared to the results of dexamethasone administration. Our results demonstrated that administration of MSCs could be used as a potential therapeutic ap-proach for the allergic asthma. Abstract


4 . Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that recurrence during treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs acting along the VEGF signaling pathway may result in diffuse tumors with a predominantly infiltrative phenotype 5 . Therefore, the overall purpose of the current study was to compare cellularity metrics extracted from fDMs applied to FLAIR abnormal regions between progressive, stable, or responsive patients treated with either standard therapies (chemotherapy & radiation therapy) or anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy (bevacizumab & irinotecan). This will enable us to examine the utility of fDMs for the evaluation of anti-angiogenic treatment regimens, and determine whether these treatments result in significant increases in infiltrative tumor volume compared to standard treatment. Methods A total of 20 patients with intracranial tumors, scanned at least 3x, were enrolled in the current study for a total of 112 scan sessions and 92 unique fDM datasets. Eight patients were treated with bevacizumab (10mg/kg) and irinotecan (125mg/m 2 ) for a total of 60 MRI scan sessions (52 fDMs). Twelve patients were given temozolomide (200mg/m 2 /day) concurrently with standard radiation therapy for a total of 52 MRI scan sessions (40 fDMs). Each scan session was classified as responsive disease (RD), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD) after each scan session based on clinical MRI scans (SPGR, FLAIR, and pre-/post-contrast T1-w MRI) and neurological assessment. Functional diffusion maps (fDMs) were calculated from registered sequential diffusion weighted images and then applied to regions of FLAIR abnormality with ADC thresholds of 0.55 x 10 -3 mm 2 /s, as per the fDM protocol 2 . Voxels were stratified as not changing (green), increasing ADC (red), or decreasing ADC (blue) according to this threshold. The volume of hypercellularity (physical volume of blue voxels, in mL), volume of hypocellularity (physical volume of red voxels, in mL), and the time rate of change in hypercellular volume (in uL/day; based on the change in volume and time between each subsequent scan days), and the rate of change in hypocellular volume (in uL/day) were calculated from resulting fDMs. Results Representative fDMs are shown in Figure 1 for both treatment groups and response categories. Overall, trends in the physical volume of hypercellularity suggest that patients treated with bevacizumab/irinotecan had a significantly higher volume of hypercellularity compared with patients treated with temozolomide (Mann-Whitney, P 0.1). The time rate of change in hypocellular volume, however, was significantly different between treatments, tumor status, and the interaction between treatment and tumor status (Fig. 2D; ANOVA, P<0.05). Specifically, the rate of hypercellular volume change was higher in RD compared to SD (Tukey, P=0.025), and PD during temozolomide treatment resulted in a significantly faster decrease in hypocellular volume compared with bevacizumab and irinotecan treatment (Tukey, P<0.001). Discussion The results of the current study support the hypothesis that recurrence after treatment with bevacizumab results in growth of an infiltrative (i.e. non-enhancing) tumor type, since the overall volume of hypercellularity was significantly higher in patients treated with bevacizumab compared with temozolomide. However, it must also be noted that patients on the anti-angiogenic therapy regimen had recurrent tumors and failed the standard regimen of chemotherapy plus radiation therapy. Consequently, future studies are needed to determine if increased cellularity remote from the primary tumor is due to an infiltrating tumor phenotype promoted by anti- angiogenic therapies or if it is a late response to standard therapies. Still, in general, this study suggests the volume of hypercellularity and the time rate of change in hypercellular volume are sensitive metrics for detection of tumor progression in both cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic treatment paradigms.


This article describes some of the theoretical aspects of the mining audit, and provides recommendations to increase production efficiency by extracting rare earths within existing developments in this area.


This paper studies healthcare systems for public workers, analyzing structural aspects (legislation, finances, resources), management processes and results (use and access indicators), based on the investigation of 46 institutes during 2001. The compulsory social security model is adopted by most institutes. However, the continuation of this system depends on the changes that the social security reform under discussion might entail, and those organizations face the risk of losing their social security feature.


Macaca fascicularis is one of the most common primates found in Malaysia; however, they are under-appreciated and under-studied, especially in the taxonomic field. The subspecies M. fascicularis laeta was previously hypothesized to be distributed in Pulau Tioman and Pulau Tinggi. Thus, in this study, we aim to verify the phylogenetic position of long-tailed macaque in Pulau Tinggi through a molecular approach based on the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA using Neighbour-Joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian Inference. Three samples were successfully analyzed with a 99% bootstrap value in NJ, 99% bootstrap value in MP and 1.00 posterior probability in Bayesian Inference for Pulau Tinggi's clade. The phylogenetic analysis concluded that Pulau Tinggi's population is similar to the mainland population, which is the subspecies M. f. fascicularis, with an estimated time of divergence at ~0.299 million years ago. Overall, this study generally provides baseline data to aid in the future translocation process and conservation management of M. fascicularis in Pulau Tinggi and Malaysia.


In this paper, we note that a number of unexplained and stipulative properties of the grammar (such as the Generalized Extended Projection Principle, Binary Branching, Labeling) find a functional explanation, if we view them as correlates of a general desire for the grammar to maximize trees in such a way that they result in a Fibonacci-like sequence of maximal categories. Further, we note that the maximal number of arguments available in a clause also corresponds to the Fibonacci series in terms of counting the number of terms involved at each stage of the MERGE derivation.


ABSTRACT An animal's temporal niche – the time of day at which it is active – is known to drive a variety of adaptations in the visual system. These include variations in the topography, spectral sensitivity and density of retinal photoreceptors, and changes in the eye's gross anatomy and spectral transmission characteristics. We have characterised visual spectral sensitivity in the murid rodent Rhabdomys pumilio (the four-striped grass mouse), which is in the same family as (nocturnal) mice and rats but exhibits a strong diurnal niche. As is common in diurnal species, the R. pumilio lens acts as a long-pass spectral filter, providing limited transmission of light <400 nm. Conversely, we found strong sequence homologies with the R. pumilio SWS and MWS opsins and those of related nocturnal species (mice and rats) whose SWS opsins are maximally sensitive in the near-UV. We continued to assess in vivo spectral sensitivity of cone vision using electroretinography and multi-channel recordings from the visual thalamus. These revealed that responses across the human visible range could be adequately described by those of a single pigment (assumed to be MWS opsin) maximally sensitive at ∼500 nm, but that sensitivity in the near-UV required inclusion of a second pigment whose peak sensitivity lay well into the UV range (λmax<400 nm, probably ∼360 nm). We therefore conclude that, despite the UV-filtering effects of the lens, R. pumilio retains an SWS pigment with a UV-A λmax. In effect, this somewhat paradoxical combination of long-pass lens and UV-A λmax results in narrow-band sensitivity for SWS cone pathways in the UV-A range. Summary: The visual spectral sensitivity of a diurnal rodent, Rhabdomys pumilio, is biased against UV-A wavelengths thanks to lens filtering, but not cone spectral sensitivity.


The Zand Abad Cu-Mo skarn deposit, NW Iran, is part of Alpine-Himalayan metallogenic belt. The mineralisation of Cu and Mo, along with Fe, Pb and Zn in other places, is attributed to the emplacement of the Shavar Dagh granodioritic pluton (Oligomiocene) into the Cretaceous lithologies. Geochemical studies show that the Zand Abad I-type granodiorite has formed in a post-collisional volcanic arc setting. Field observations show that three types of alteration have been formed during skarnification: 1) garnet skarn, 2) epidote skarn and 3) endoskarn (potassic alteration). The garnet and epidote skarns have been developed in the calcareous wall rock whereas potassic alteration is seen only in the granodioritic pluton. Based on mass balance calculations and isocon diagram, the major oxides and trace elements in each alteration can be subdivided into three groups, assuming immobile Al2O3. Garnet skarn: 1. Relatively immobile components: P 2O5, TiO2, MgO, Nd, Zr and Cu (?). The concentrations of U and Sb are close to detection limit and therefore can not be classified. 2. Depleted components: Na 2O, K2O, Sr, Ba, Rb, Pb, Th, La, Ce, Ce and Nb mainly due to destruction of feldspars and biotite in the Zand Abad granodiorite. 3. Enriched components: MnO, Fe 2O3, CaO, SiO2 (?), Cl, Cr, Co, Ni, V, Zn, Y and Mo. Epidote skarn: 1. Relatively immobile components: MgO, P 2O5 (?), Zr, La (?) and Sr (?). 2. Depleted components: Na 2O, K2O, Rb, Ba, Ce, Th and Nb due to destruction of feldspars and biotite. Released Sr has been fixed in epidote. 3. Enriched components: MnO, TiO 2, CaO, Fe2O3, SiO2, Ni, Mo, Cu, Cr, Zn, V, Nd, Pb, Co and As. The endoskarn alteration is a relatively weak alteration in which K-feldspar has been developed whereas accessory phases have been eliminated. As a result, Rb, Ba and K 2O along with Mo, S and Cl show enrichment whereas La and Ce depleted and other components are relatively immobile. This study show that skarnification at Zand Abad has been developed by hydrothermal fluid enriched in many trace elements of magmatic origin. Mo and Cu enrichment have occurred mainly during epidotisation of the Zand Abad granodiorite and country rocks. Archaeal community in the hydrothermal system at Suiyo Seamount on the Izu-Ogasawara arc. H. KASAI, K. HARA, T. KAKEGAWA, A. MARUYAMA , J. ISHIBASHI , K. MARUMO, K. YAMASHIRO, S. ITAHASHI, T. URABE AND A. YAMAGISHI Department of Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan firstname.lastname@example.com Tohoku University, Graduated School of Science, Aramaki Aza, Aoba, Sendai 980, Japan Research Institute of Biological Resources, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan Department of Earth Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 6-101 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-3 No. 7, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan


desires and draws these back to the systems covered previously. The next section, the largest, looks at the numerous layered issues involved with the destination of contemporary tourism. The positive and negative effects tourism offers regions and cultures are addressed. The fourth section looks at the industry of tourism and the trends, issues, and needs for the market. It provides a wonderful entry point for any individual considering further study or entry into the industry at various levels. The final section focuses on the future of tourism in a changing world. It addresses the uncertainties, issues, and changes within the machinations that form a global tourism model. As mentioned before, each section contains case studies. These case studies enrich the text and allow the reader to see tangible examples of the concepts highlighted in the book. For example, to show the economic benefits of tourism, the text describes the essential boost to Iceland's economy after the economic crisis of the past decade. To look at how urban development and rebranding can change a location's identity and economy, they break down the changes underwent in the Soho District. To show the effectiveness of business studies such as network analysis, the text proves how an application of such an analysis to certain Australian cities can highlight and offer remedies for communication and coordination failures and issues. All of this combines to provide an entrance into the world of contemporary tourism in a versatile manner. Any scholar worth their weight in coffee is offered with ample opportunities to expand or challenge ideas of contemporary tourism presented. The final chapter looks at the future of tourism in an uncertain world. It opens the door for discussion about how climate change and rising and falling economies might shape tourism. The book is thorough and open enough for an individual to apply it to their needs. It provides numerous opportunities for further analysis and topics that can be studied on more micro-levels. Also, it provides objective analysis about the success or failure regarding consumers, providers, regions, markets, and systems. Anyone interested in entering or furthering their understanding of the business of tourism today would be greatly rewarded with a reading of this textbook. With Contemporary Tourism: An International Approach, Cooper and Hall have successfully crafted a text that breaks down a challenging topic. Its consistent structure and dynamic material make this book an accessible entrance into contemporary tourism. It is a 'friendly beast' asking to be engaged with.


hsemorrhages could be seen as far towards the periphery as the vision of the observer extendedMost of the hemorrhages were round the disc, but some were more extensive. The question of their relative frequency in vertex and breech presentations had not been considered. Some of the drawings which she had shown were from breech presentations. No pigmentation was present in the eye of either the white or the negro baby at birth. The colouring in the child could be determined to some extent by the colour of the retina, but only as it showed the network of choroidal vessels, or showed a diffuse, even redness. One of them would probably be a blonde child, and the other would have a dark iris and dark hair.


Objective: Identifying different Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes is important for prognosis, management and targeted therapy. Background: PD is the most common cause of parkinsonism. It features a wide spectrum of clinical presentation and symptom progression, and is still based on predominantly clinical diagnosis. Design/Methods: In this study, 153 patients from the Parkinson's UK Brain Bank at Imperial College London with a clinical diagnosis of PD, verified post-mortem by neuropathological analysis, were grouped into five subtypes (mild motor/non-motor, severe motor/non-motor, tremor, posture/cognition, psychological/rapid-eye-movement-sleep-behaviour-disorder [RBD]) using the Oxford classification (Lawton et al., 2015). The predominant symptoms at onset for each subtype were then compared to the neuropathological findings for each case. Results: At disease onset, 62% of patients had tremor, 24% had posture/gait instability and 14% had akinesia/bradykinesia. Overall, 46% of patients developed dementia (60% of which presented with tremor). Patients presenting with tremor who developed dementia had a consistently higher Braak tau staging (mean 2.1) than patients without dementia (mean 1.4), p=0.03. The 36 patients with posture/gait instability at onset had lower total alpha-synuclein scores across all brain regions (mean 19.6) than the 29 patients who reported RBD (mean 25.0), p=0.04. However, this difference became insignificant when the two groups were adjusted for dementia (p>0.05). There was wide variation in pathology when patients were grouped by the Oxford subtypes e.g. the psychological/RBD/sleep group had a total alpha-synuclein score range of 0–53 and higher proportion of dementia (66%) than the posture/gait group (42%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that while the Oxford classification is useful in grouping by clinical signs, it does not always correlate with the underlying disease processes reflected by the neuropathology. This study supports adopting a much more precise diagnosis framework that will enable pre-mortem distinction of different disease pathology that could lead to therapeutic and management strategies targeting clinico-neuropathological PD subtypes. Study Supported by: London North West Healthcare Charitable Fund Disclosure: Dr. Petrova has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hurley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prokopenko has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dexter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Middleton has nothing to disclose.


Although it is a useful tool in criminal investigations, digital evidence is easily altered. This might result in misinterpretation, deletions, or privacy violations. To protect digital evidence, it is important to ensure its integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. This can be done using hash functions, digital signatures, and traceability functions. However, in Indonesia, the storage of digital evidence integrity data relies on handwriting, which is vulnerable to tampering. A prototype of mobile forensic imaging tools that can help protect the reliability of digital evidence is shown in this study. The prototype uses a more secure SHA-256 hash function, an ED25519 digital signature, and a traceability function. An RFID tag automatically stores and secures the digital evidence's integrity data. The prototype also offers entity authentication to prevent hash value forgery. The Raspberry Pi single-board computer is the platform for the prototype. These procedures are carried out automatically by the system, which promotes accuracy and consistency.


For years now, both black and white educators have been engaged in research aimed at settling (1) whether or not standard intelligence test are effective (true) indicators of black intellectual potential, and (2) the question of appropriate models for educational intervention insofar as black children are concerned.1 However, the "debate" on these issues lacks the essential elements for successful discussion and illumination. First, there has been very little real dialogue on the matter. Typically, white scholars and educational specialists have either begun with assumptions which preclude real scholarship or they have refused outright to respond to counter-findings. The pattern is familiar: White educators/researchers will design, carry out and evaluate a program, and report their findings. Black educators and certain white educators will then proceed to "rebut" the findings and/or underlying assumptions with rhetoric or counter-findings. Thereupon, the white educators/researchers proceed to decry the rhetoric as anti-intellectual, and ignore the counter-findings and research.2 Second, the debate is rooted in "ethnocentric scholarship." Thomas Jefferson's 1787 comment on the language of blacks can be appropriately applied to latter day notions such as "cultural deprivation" and "restricted language codes." Jeff erson said:


Although the moving scale, fixed pointer, type of indicator is undesirable for normal use, occasions sometimes arise when it is appropriate, or its use is unavoidable. In one situation of this nature a dial required markings that would designate a quadrant on one side of 0 as North, and the other side as South. Another dial required markings on one side of 0 as Plus, and the other side as Minus. In the absence of specific information covering this problem, an experiment was designed which would supply the necessary information. A naive population of 40 randomly selected, male, senior high school students was used. Results showed that the right side of the moving scale should be marked N or + and the left side S or —. Peripheral information disclosed correlation between score obtained and scholastic performance.


The aim of this article is to present an interpretation of Kant's essay On a Supposed Right to Lie for Philanthropy grounded on the fundamental concepts of his own philosophy of law. By means of this reading, we will explain why many commentators have failed to the see what was at stake in the debate between Kant and the French jurist Benjamin constant. In our understanding, the two main points that Kant tries to defend in the until-now infamous essay are the nature of juridical declarations and the impossibility of a duty or an obligation to lie in a legal context. The theses that we will try to defend are, on the one hand, that the validity of the Kantian position regarding both subjects does not depend, in any sense whatsoever, on his flawed treatment of the polemical example that he discusses, and on the other hand, that both topics are of great relevance in order to understand adequately how juridical institutions should impart justice.


Interaction is one of the key techniques of augmented reality (AR) maintenance guiding system. Because of the complexity of the maintenance guiding system's image background and the high dimensionality of gesture characteristics, the whole process of gesture recognition can be divided into three stages which are gesture segmentation, gesture characteristic feature modeling and trick recognition. In segmentation stage, for solving the misrecognition of skin-like region, a segmentation algorithm combing background mode and skin color to preclude some skin-like regions is adopted. In gesture characteristic feature modeling of image attributes stage, plenty of characteristic features are analyzed and acquired, such as structure characteristics, Hu invariant moments features and Fourier descriptor. In trick recognition stage, a classifier based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is introduced into the augmented reality maintenance guiding process. SVM is a novel learning method based on statistical learning theory, processing academic foundation and excellent learning ability, having a lot of issues in machine learning area and special advantages in dealing with small samples, non-linear pattern recognition at high dimension. The gesture recognition of augmented reality maintenance guiding system is realized by SVM after the granulation of all the characteristic features. The experimental results of the simulation of number gesture recognition and its application in augmented reality maintenance guiding system show that the real-time performance and robustness of gesture recognition of AR maintenance guiding system can be greatly enhanced by improved SVM.


It is a huge and complicated systematic project to construct the socialist harmonious society,involving many fields among which an important respect is to develop advanced culture constantly.At present,a great deal of realistic,concrete problems still exist in the cultural construction cause of our country.These problems will affect and restrict the construction of the socialist harmonious society in various degrees.We should base on the great practice of constructing the socialist harmonious society,advance the socialist advanced cultural construction more consciously.


Composite electrodes of direct-spun carbon nanotube (CNT) mats and polyaniline (PANI) are manufactured and tested to determine their mechanical and electrochemical properties, and to investigate their degradation behaviour upon cycling and overcharging. The CNT mats are spun directly from a floating catalyst, chemical vapour deposition reactor; their microstructure comprises an interconnected network of CNT bundles. Electrodes are manufactured by electrodeposition of a PANI layer upon the surface of the bundles. The PANI content is varied widely by suitable control of the electrodeposition time at a constant current density. The in-plane uniaxial stress-strain response and capacitance of the electrodes are determined as a function of the electrode composition, the PANI state of charge, after 1000 charge/discharge cycles, and after overcharging. The electrodes exhibit an elastic-plastic stress-strain response under uniaxial tension; their modulus and strength depend upon the volume fraction of CNT bundles. Electrode capacitance increases with increasing PANI volume fraction. The application of 1000 charge/discharge cycles or overcharging leads to electrode swelling, and the capacitance is reduced due to the decreased mass of PANI within the electrode.


In this paper, a built-in self test (BIST) methodology to measure the four key parameters of A/D converters, namely offset error, gain error, integral nonlinearity error and differential nonlinearity error is proposed. A sigma-delta modulation based signal generator is presented which can concurrently produce analog sinusoidal test stimuli and digital sinusoidal reference signals on chip. By comparing the sinusoidal histogram of the ADC output signals with that of the generated reference digital signals, the parameters can be determined on chip based on some previously-derived equations. This BIST scheme has the following advantages: (1) high accuracy; (2) parameter measurement capability for different frequencies; (3) dynamic sinusoidal testing capability; and (4) low chip area overhead. An 8 bit A/D converter with the proposed BIST architecture is designed and simulated using the TSMC 0.35 /spl mu/m 1P4M technology. The simulation results show that the test accuracies for the four parameters are all within 0.05 LSB.


This paper provides a status update and an early preview of proposed additions to the laser safety product standards formalizing the area of 'Moving Platform Laser Products'. Moving platforms such as vehicles, trains, robots and others, which incorporate free space laser emissions inherently provide and argument for adapted measurement conditions for classification. Updated requirements are critical to several laser applications including vision systems, LiDAR sensors, and more. Evaluation methods, classification measurement distances, engineering requirements and proposed specifications are discussed, as the technical committee IEC TC 76 considers formalizing this work project in 2019/2020 for the IEC 60825 family of standards.This paper provides a status update and an early preview of proposed additions to the laser safety product standards formalizing the area of 'Moving Platform Laser Products'. Moving platforms such as vehicles, trains, robots and others, which incorporate free space laser emissions inherently provide and argument for adapted measurement conditions for classification. Updated requirements are critical to several laser applications including vision systems, LiDAR sensors, and more. Evaluation methods, classification measurement distances, engineering requirements and proposed specifications are discussed, as the technical committee IEC TC 76 considers formalizing this work project in 2019/2020 for the IEC 60825 family of standards.


The paper presents numerical predictions of a turbulent axisymmetric jet impinging onto a porous plate, based on a finite volume method of solving the Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible air jet with the K–e turbulence model. The velocity and pressure terms of the momentum equations are solved by the SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation) method. In this study, non-uniform staggered grids are used. The parameters of interest include the nozzle-to-wall distance and the suction velocity. The results of the present calculations are compared with available data reported in the literature. It is found that suction effects reduce the boundary layer thickness and increase the velocity gradient near the wall.


A method was established for qualitative and quantitative determination of the reducing substances from plastic blood bags aqueous extract.The samples were extracted with a solid-phase extraction procedure,dichloromethane qua extract solvents,and were measured with GC-MS.With this method,we determined several reducing substances from plastic blood bags aqueous extract and fixed quantify on DEHP (di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate),one of the dominating reducing substances.The method was simple and can be used for the quality control of plastic blood bags.


Abstract : Comparison is made of the cost to the FAA, of wireline remoting of digitalized radar and beacon data (and beacon only) to Air Route Traffic Control Centers with the costs for microwave remoting of the same information in analog form. The second technique includes facilities for subsequent converting of the data to digital form at the center. The costs considered are those not yet sunk or committed, i.e., future costs. Costs for both methods alone, and for a mixed system, are developed for each of two nationwide remoting networks - that presently programmed including new links for which the FAA may be committed through F.Y. 1964, and a hypothetical network to provide radar coverage to 5,000 ft MSL or 3,000 ft above the terrain, whichever is higher. Costs are developed for each microwave repeater and terminal pair of each link, based on individual variations in terrain and hardware requirements. The investigation concludes that the difference in cost between the two transmission methods is small. Where a difference does exist it geneally favors the wireline technique. In cases of extreme link length and/or very difficult terrain, wireline is considerably less costly. For the great majority of all other links, if non-cost considerations are of any appreciable importance, costs should probably not govern any ultimate decision.


The measured load power of shearers was analyzed in this paper by the power spectrum and Lyapunov index, and it shows that the time series of load power is chaotic from the plot of the power spectrum and positive Lyapunov index. The paper also related load power curve with cutting resistance curve from the perspective of the chaos fractal after it obtained the attractor dimension of load power time series in application of the GP algorithm and CC algorithm, as well as the relationship between the dimension and the work done by motors. It applied chaos multi-step prediction model to predict the load power, which is useful for the constant power closed-loop control of shearer controllers. The research shows that the fractal chaos characteristics of the load have provided new methods for the shearer design and theoretical study.


for all ESLN writing classes (ESLN 032 - 512) Identify key services and materials that are available in the library in order to associate a need with a specific location


IN THE past, various forms of optimum relay servomechanisms have been proposed.1-6 The connotation of the word optimum is given by the definition: The optimum performance of a servo-mechanism will be that behavior in which the system returns to rest with zero or minimum error in the shortest time following a step input.1


3D Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures are capable of achieving better performance and lower energy consumption compared to their planar counterparts. However, conventional 3D NoCs are not efficient in handling collective communication. Existing works mainly explore Path and Tree multicast distribution schemes for 3D NoCs. However, both these mechanisms involve high network latency and lack scalability. In this work, we propose a SMART (Single-cycle Multi-hop Asynchronous Repeated Traversal) 3D NoC architecture that is capable of achieving high-performance collective communication. The proposed High-Performance SMART (HP-SMART) 3D NoC achieves 65% and 31% latency improvements compared to the existing Path and Tree multicast-based 3D NoCs respectively. HP-SMART 3D NoC also achieves significant improvement in message latency compared to its 2D counterpart.


News and commentary on parental education for ear pain, potential links between secondhand smoke and cystic fibrosis, and oral zinc as possible treatment for diarrhea.


The American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) has declared that each of its member boards must show that the profession sets its standards, monitors its performance, and is improving the practice of patient-centered evidence-based medicine1,2.

In the early 1990s, a series of highly publicized events increased public concerns regarding the competence of physicians. The medical liability insurance crisis further eroded public trust in our health-care system. In 2000, the Institute of Medicine published a book, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System , which stated that between 44,000 and 98,000 Americans die each year as a result of preventable errors3. Most of these preventable medical errors are "caused by faulty systems, processes, and conditions that lead people to make mistakes or fail to prevent them."3 A second publication by the Institute of Medicine noted that the health care system frequently fails to translate knowledge into practice4. It was further noted that "[a] highly fragmented delivery system … results in poorly designed care processes characterized by unnecessary duplication of services."4 Furthermore, it has been shown that 3% of hospitalized patients risk experiencing a hospital error and that those who experience an error in treatment or care have a 25% chance of death. This amounts to 1.16 million preventable "patient safety instances," with over 200,000 patients dying each year from potentially preventable problems5.

The public's interest and concern regarding quality issues in health care have resulted in the establishment of many programs, including the National Practitioners' Databank, the National Quality Forum, and the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Additionally, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have become more interested in the quality …