Background: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) aims to help individuals live a life congruent to their values by cultivating psychological flexibility (PF); the ability to respond to experiences with acceptance and creativity. Concurrently, Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) addresses the role of self-attacking cognitions on psychological difficulties. Recent work suggests that integrating aspects of CFT into an ACT approach (i.e. developing a person's PF to self-attacking thoughts through self-compassion) may offer additional therapeutic value. There remains no assessment of this specific therapeutic process.
Aims: The project aimed to develop and validate a new scale to assess flexibility of responses to self-critical thoughts (FoReST).
Methods: Factor Analysis was used to explore factor structure of the FoReST in a convenience sample of 253 adults. Construct validity was explored by comparing FoReST with measures of similar constructs (PF, self-compassion, self-criticism) and potentially related outcomes (anxiety, depression, quality of life).
Findings: Alternative 2-factor ('unworkable action' and 'avoidance') and 1-factor ('unworkable action') versions of the FoReST showed high concurrent validity with similar measures, good predictive validity for mental health and wellbeing outcomes and good internal consistency. The relative strengths and weaknesses of both versions are discussed.
Recommendations: Findings indicate that the FoReST may offer a useful clinical and research tool for emerging forms of ACT for people high in self-criticism. Future research will be required to confirm the factor structure of the FoReST, confirm concurrent, predictive validity, test-retest reliability, and validate the scale in relevant clinical populations.


In this work we present a general derivation of relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation using the method of moments. The main difference between our approach and the traditional 14-moment approximation is that we will not close the fluid-dynamical equations of motion by truncating the expansion of the distribution function. Instead, we keep all terms in the moment expansion. The reduction of the degrees of freedom is done by identifying the microscopic time scales of the Boltzmann equation and considering only the slowest ones. In addition, the equations of motion for the dissipative quantities are truncated according to a systematic power-counting scheme in Knudsen and inverse Reynolds number. We conclude that the equations of motion can be closed in terms of only 14 dynamical variables, as long as we only keep terms of second order in Knudsen and/or inverse Reynolds number. We show that, even though the equations of motion are closed in terms of these 14 fields, the transport coefficients c information about all the moments of the distribution function. In this way, we can show that the particle-diffusion and shear-viscosity coefficients agree with the values given by the Chapman-Enskog expansion. PACS numbers:


The increased seriousness of many environmental problems provides one of the most intuitively plausible reasons for believing that the nation state and the system of states may be either in crisis or heading towards a crisis. Running through much writing on the subject is the sense sometimes explicit, more often implicit that the state and the fragmented system of sovereign states are less and less able to guarantee the effective and equitable management of an interdependent world in general, and of the global environment in particular.' Environmental issues (and especially second generation 'global' issues) present states and the state system with new challenges of unprecedented complexity. The state is seen to be both too big and too small for dealing with these challenges: too big for the task of devising viable strategies of sustainable development which can only be developed from the bottom up; and too small for the effective management of global problems such as combating global climate change or protecting biodiversity which by their nature demand increasingly wide-ranging forms of international cooperation. In relation to the environment there are three principal arguments that the nation-state as a political form is either already in crisis, or else heading towards a crisis. The first concerns the state system as a whole. From this perspective, the system of nation-states may be said to be in crisis or to be dysfunctional because it can no longer provide a viable political framework for the collective management of the global environment. Although there is little agreement on alternative paths, there appears to many to be a basic contradiction between a single integrated, enormously complex, and deeply interdependent ecosystem and our still dominant form of global political organization: a fragmented system of sovereign states, normatively built around mutual recognition of sovereignty, and politically forming an anarchical system in which cooperation has been historically limited and in which war and conflict have been a deeply rooted, and for many, an inherent feature. As the Brundtland Report put it: 'Our Earth is one, our world is not'. Or, as Lynton Caldwell has suggested more recently: 'By this time, experience should have taught us that a complex


At the end of the 19th century, winter sports made a discreet appearance in France on account of mountaineers and servicemen. However their success as a leisure physical activity did not actually start before the beginning of the 20th century. The French Touring-Club, an association working for the development of tourism, gave it a decisive impulse through various financial and material forms of support. Motivated by a strong interest in the tourist development of mountain areas, the Club engaged into a long-term action in favor of winter sports over the whole French territory. Soon, its leaders set up a very special event: the Winter Sports Week. This happening was planned to take place yearly in every French massif in turns, so that its dynamics would launch the activity in the given area and durably establish it.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the Winter Sports Weeks organized just before the First World War and to show their impact on the development of winter sports in France. We shall demonstrate that these events crystallized the French Touring-Club action and enabled it to have a more effective influence on the development of tourism than when offering assistance to various projects all over France. In terms of sport, the impact of the Winter Sports Weeks manifested through the creation of ski clubs and the multiplication of competitions. In terms of tourism, new infrastructures were created to accommodate sportsmen and competitors. We have assessed the effects of the Touring-Club action in the light of the subsidies which were allocated and of the agreements obtained through its lobbying with local companies and local authorities.
To expound this theme, we shall lean essentially on the French Touring-Club archives and publications. Among the latter, the Touring-Club Review takes a major place, but many pamphlets, guides and booklets also testify of the involvement and action of this famous French association for the development of winter sports tourism.


Nowadays, it has became a widespread approach for achieving rich information in modern web applications using AJAX , which cause two serious problems for web crawler. One is the incomplete information getting from web page due to the inability to parse dynamic web page. Another is the efficiency of the crawler. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a distributed dynamic web crawler naming Dis-Dyn Crawler. This system uses HtmlUnit to page dynamic pages and choose Redis and ZMQ (Message Queue Zero) to realize the distribution feature, which improve the efficiency of the crawler. The experimental results show that Dis-Dyn Crawler has better performance than Nutch-a distributed crawler system, and the dynamic page parsing efficiency is also improved.


The primary objectives of this project were to quantify the relationships between thermal comfort, indoor environmental parameters, psychological variables, and clothing and to examine the role they might play in energy conservation. Individuals were surveyed while in their working environments using an instrument designed to provide data on the clothing they currently were wearing, their activity level, and their perceived thermal comfort. Subjects were also asked to comment on factors influencing their choice of clothing. At the same time, environmental parameters were measured. Data were collected four times on a seasonal basis. A wide range of dry bulb temperatures were found to provide environmental conditions that were comfortable. However, when taking into account typical clothing ensembles worn during different times of the year, a minimum winter thermostat setting of 21.7/sup 0/C and a maximum summer thermostat setting of 26.7/sup 0/C were found to be the limits if thermal comfort was to be maintained. Factors reported as having the greatest influence on choice of clothing worn to work included anticipated indoor temperature, outside environmental conditions, and comfort. Respondents felt that they could have dressed in a manner that would have provided greater thermal comfort during 29% of the observations.


Basic questions regarding the interaction between changes in human activity and the atmosphere remain unanswered. Among these, the link between aerosol particles and cloud formation and development, especially in an altered climate, is a large point of uncertainty in recent climate projections. This should come as no surprise given the uncertainty in model parameters required to predict droplet activation, even in the most detailed models used for climate predictions. Here, a detailed spectral mixed-phase microphysics scheme and a state-of-the-art continuous two-dimensional (2-D) aerosol-droplet microphysics scheme have been developed and coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to more closely analyze the effects of aerosol perturbations on single clouds or cloud systems with the hope of ultimately improving numerical parameterizations used by microphysics schemes in general circulation models (GCMs). The continuous 2-D aerosol-droplet model is developed to explicitly treat the entire spectrum of aerosol, haze droplets, cloud droplets, and drizzle drops while allowing the solute mass spectrum to evolve within the droplets. In other words, the aerosol mass is conserved and regeneration of aerosol particles upon droplet evaporation is physically accurate without any a priori assumptions. The model is tested by performing simulations of marine stratocumulus and the results are compared with those from the aforementioned bin and bulk models. It is shown that microphysical processing of aerosols alone results in a large shift in the aerosol spectrum toward larger particles (via collision-coalescence of droplets). This could have potentially large effects on the activation of regenerated particles. Future studies with the model will address the need for better parameterizations of the aerosol regeneration process. The spectral mixed-phase microphysics scheme is used in conjunction with a two-moment bulk microphysics model to study the effect of aerosol perturbations on deep convective clouds. The bin model shows that with an increase in aerosol number concentration comes an invigoration and a decrease in precipitation. On the other hand, the bulk model suggests that the storm ought to weaken and precipitation will increase in a more polluted environment. The invigoration predicted by the bin model is a result of the suppression of the collision-coalescence process that permits more droplets to be lofted above the freezing level, hence increasing the bulk freezing rate aloft. The additional freezing and subsequent deposition acts to increase the latent heating and thus increase buoyancy. However, the cloud particles in the polluted cases are now smaller and more numerous and consequently have a shorter evaporation/sublimation timescale and a longer sedimentation time-scale. The ultimate result is for precipitation to decrease in conjunction with a moistening of the mid- to upper-troposphere. The difference in the sign of the aerosol effect between the two models is thought to be related to the saturation adjustment scheme used in the bulk model and is addressed by including an explicit treatment of condensation and activation within the bulk model, similar to the algorithm utilized in the bin model. The results of the inter-model comparison demonstrate the significance of the saturation adjustment assumption on the sign and magnitude of the aerosol effect on deep convective clouds.


Productive online cattle health monitoring can help those farmers who suffer on a regular basis due to the poor health condition of their cattle and unavailability of good veterinary doctors in their vicinity. In this paper, we present such a device which provides an opportunity to the farmers to monitor and compare the present health parameters of the cattle with the standard reference healthy parameters, by which they would be able to spot any deterioration in the cattle's health. To prepare such a device for real time application, Arduino UNO, Arduino NANO, Xbee module and different types of sensors for taking the cattle body parameters have been used. This paper focuses mainly on the parameters like heart rate, temperature, rumination and body humidity of the cattle.


A software for power electronics simulation named PLECS is introduced firstly,and then depend on the advantages of this software a simulation model of induction motor DTC system is built.The build and operation process of simulation seems simple and rapid,and the result of simulation precisely indicates all the characteristics of DTC control system.Therefore,the application of PLECS provides a new method for the simulation of motor control system.


This paper examines issues in the protection of rural women's rights to land in Hebei both in theory and practice.It seeks to identify characteristics of rural women's land rights as well as the conditions under which rural women enter into disputes on land rights.It sifts out shortcomings in existing policies and evaluates on-going experiments by other provinces.It provides suggestions on focal questions including how to unify legality and sentiments in villagers' practice of self government and how to recognize women who have married outside of the village and their status as members of the village collective economy.


Abstract This article examines how the schools of the Ibadi-Omani diaspora have had an impact on religious education and Afro-Arab relations in post-revolutionary Zanzibar. Much of the existing literature about Ibadism and the Omani diaspora in Zanzibar centres on the island's economic history, stories of Arab elites under sultanate rule and the politics of the 1964 revolution. Little work explores how Ibadis in Zanzibar today distinguish themselves from other Muslims by marrying within the Omani community, running religious charities, wearing Omani clothing, attending Ibadi mosques, and enrolling their children in Ibadi schools. This research offers a fresh perspective on Ibadism and Oman–Zanzibar relations under neoliberalism through an examination of the lived experiences of Ibadis and non-Ibadis affiliated with the schools of the Istiqama Muslim community and organization.


The human central nervous system presents a generally symmetric structure. Each side of a person's body is primarily controlled in its sensory and motor functions by the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. However, there are a number of cognitive functions that appear to be distributed in asymmetric networks across the brain. The goal of the present research was to investigate hemispheric (a)symmetry of two well-known event-related potentials (ERP) in Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a neurodegenerative disease affecting not only motor but also cognitive functions. It is characterized by a clinically asymmetric onset and therefore serves as an excellent model for studying lateralized brain functions. The rationale behind this research was to explore changes in EEG patterns between hemispheres in PD and their relation to dopaminergic medication. We first investigated differences in the amplitude of Readiness Potential (BP), related to motor preparation and execution. Specifically, we compared more and less affected hemispheres in PD patients. Second, we studied how PD affected the cognitive P3 amplitude, which is normally asymmetric and related to attention and working memory functions. Our results show that both the disease and its dopaminergic medication may affect hemispheric (a)symmetry of ERPs. We found that BP was not only generally lower in PD compared to healthy controls, but also asymmetric, being more pronounced on the more affected side. The BP potential was restored by dopaminergic medication. Furthermore, the usual asymmetry of P3 amplitude was less pronounced when PD patients were tested on dopaminergic medication. These results suggest that, while medication may improve motor function, it may also have negative effects on some cognitive functions.


In this study, the adsorption behavior of methylene blue (MB) was investigated using orange seed (OS) and uvaia seed (US) as low cost adsorbents. These materials were characterized using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), elemental chemical analysis (CHNO), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential, specific surface area and a test for determination of acid sites. The parameters evaluated in the kinetic study of adsorption were contact time, initial dye concentration, mass of adsorbent and pH. The adsorption of MB onto OS and US samples could be explained by Elovich s kinetic model. The experimental isotherms data, carried out at the temperatures of 25°C, 35°C, 45°C and 55°C, were better represented by Sips. It was verified that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic according to the thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH ° and ΔS ° evaluated. The OS and US maximum adsorption capacity at the temperature of 25°C was 38 mg g -1 and 48 mg g -1 , respectively. The reuse tests performed at three subsequent times showed that there was no significant decrease regarding the materials efficiency, therefore emphasizing its viability as biosorbents.


Although there has been a significant increase in the number of minority faculty members in higher education, little is known about potential barriers and challenges we face during their early career development. In this counter-story article, I share my own professional experiences regarding the choices I made and obstacles I faced in developing my own career including both teaching and research. Compared with mainstream early career scholars, I realized that there are certain areas or methods that I was expected to teach or research. I hope that my counter-story presented in this article can contribute to understanding the conflicts and labels that international faculty may face and reframing them as potential assets that we can develop and bring into meaningful literacy practice.


The primary purpose of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is to collect and disseminate sensory data and possibly perform some calculations. However, there are no convenient frameworks in place to allow instant access to this sensed information in a programming environment. Using a model-driven approach, we present a development tool to support applications development for data-centric sensor network. In this study, a domain-specific language (DSL) and corresponding meta-models are designed and implemented to specify all aspects of a sensor node application, especially for data processing tasks such as sampling, aggregation and forwarding. The language comes with tools supporting automatic model transformations to generate application code.


. I present a quick introduction to the theory of Differential Privacy first defined in [ 7 ]. Then, I will give a brief overview of a more general notion of privacy followed by how this notion utilizes kernel techniques. I will also define a notion of differential privacy which is valid for functional data. Lastly, I present several applications of this framework to areas of machine learning and mathematics.


The utility model relates to a motor rotor bracket, in particular to a rotor bracket for a high-power wind driven generator, and aims to solve the problem that the rotor bracket special for a high-power permanent magnet synchronous wind driven generator is unavailable at present. The rotor bracket for the high-power wind driven generator comprises a rotating shaft and a bracket part, wherein the bracket part comprises a hub arranged on the rotating shaft; a plurality of wheel disks are uniformly arranged on the hub along a circumferential direction; each wheel disk is vertically fixed on the outer lateral surface of the hub, and is parallel to the axis of the hub; an annular end plate is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the hub; the left and right end faces of each wheel disk are fixed together with the two annular end plates; and a group of annular reinforcing ribs are connected between every two adjacent wheel disks. By the rotor bracket for the high-power wind driven generator, the problem that the rotor bracket special for the high-power permanent magnet synchronous wind driven generator is unavailable at present is effectively solved; and the rotor bracket is applied to the rotor supporting of the high-power wind driven generator.


The subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ) in the North Pacific is the boundary between the wind-driven subtropical gyre and the subpolar gyre. Recently, it was found that quasi-stationary jets (QSJs) originating in the Kuroshio Extension advect warm and saline water to the SAFZ. The Kuroshio water encounters the subarctic water, forming a thermohaline front in-between (Isoguchi et al., 2006; Wagawa et al., 2014). The QSJs are pathways of the saline water from the subtropical gyre to the subpolar gyre. We found in a numerical experiment that ocean surface salinity in the subpolar gyre varies when the basin-scale wind changes. The salt transport changes through the QSJs is likely responsible for this surface salinity change. A part of the saline water via the QSJ should be advected finally to the Sea of Okhotsk and affect ventilation of the intermediate layer of the North Pacific. The QSJ's position is remarkably stationary. The jet tends to be located over the eastern flank of a topographic mound off the Kamchatska-Japan Trench, although it is as high as 500 m in the deep Pacific Ocean of a total depth of 5500 m. In this study, characteristic curves of the baroclinic Rossby waves, derived from the ocean reanalysis data provided by the Japan Coastal Ocean Prediction Experiment (JCOPE), are used to discuss the formation of the QSJ. The phase speed of the baroclinic Rossby waves is affected by the barotropic flow (Nishigaki and Mitsudera, 2010), particularly in the high latitudes where β is small and stratification is weak. Because of this baroclinic-phase-speed dependence on the barotropic flow, the surface baroclinic jet can be affected by the topography although its height is so low. Here we show that a characteristic curve originating in the subtropical gyre and that originating in the subpolar gyre meet at the location where the QSJ is present. This is a hyperbolic point of the characteristics, so-called the Rossby repeller. A surface baroclinic jet is formed along the characteristics that diverge from the hyperbolic point, because the pycnocline displacement varies discontinuously across these diverging characteristics. The barotropic flow over the low topographic mound is particularly important because the baroclinic Rossby waves in the subpolar gyre propagate southwestward along the characteristics, deformed by the barotropic flow over the mound, toward the hyperbolic point where they meet the barroclinic Rossby waves in the subtropical gyre. Formation mechanisms will be discussed further by numerical experiments using a simple two-layer model. With accumulation of salinity observational data by Argo floats, it becomes possible to investigate salinity variability on seasonal to interannual time scales. While we know that there is strong seasonality in sea surface temperature (SST), seasonality in sea surface salinity (SSS) is not known well. Based on gridded Argo and other observational data and atmospheric reanalysis data, we examine global distribution of SSS seasonality using 12-month lagged auto-correlation map. In contrast to SST, which shows clear seasonality except for the tropical oceans especially in the Pacific, seasonality of SSS is not clear in large part of the global ocean except for tropics in the eastern Atlantic, the eastern Pacific, and the western Indian Oceans. Meanwhile the distribution depends on data products to some extent. Consistent with the limited seasonality, forcing field for SSS, i.e., precipitation-evaporation, Ekman transport, and geostrophic current fields also show limited seasonality except for the tropical oceans. As an indicator of the global hydrological cycle, ocean salinity is an essential factor in the large scale climate variability (Schmitt, 2008, Oceanography). The sea surface salinity (SSS) in the global ocean can be well reflected in the pattern of air-sea freshwater flux, the evaporation and precipitation (Yu et al., 2007, JC). Previous studies revealed that the western tropical Pacific (WTP) was freshening since 1950s, as the most significant salinity change over the global ocean (e.g. Boyer et al., 2005, GRL; Cravatte et al., 2009, CD). It resulted from an increase of global hydrological cycle in a global warming scenario, constrained by the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship (Held and Soden, 2006, JC). However, a remarkable hiatus of the global warming has occurred since the beginning of the 21th century (Meehl et al., 2011, Nature Climate Change), which is tied to a strengthening Pacific trade winds and sea surface temperature (SST) cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific (e.g. Tokinaga et al., 2012, Nature; Kosaka and Xie, 2013, Nature; England et al., 2014, NCC). Argo profiles provide unprecedented salinity observations in global coverage. Robust SSS trends are found in the tropical Indo-Pacific, recorded in Argo since 2004 but started from mid-1990s in reconstructed salinity dataset. The analysis of atmospheric fields reveal that the intensification of the Walker Circulation is the cause of SSS trends. It enhances the precipitation over the Marinetime Continent and adjacent ocean and reduces precipitation over the central tropical Pacific, resulting in WTP salty and SCS-SETIO fresh. From a view of longer time scale, the present salinity trends start a few years before the Global Warming Hiatus, which terminate the trends since 1970s, and implying a dominated decadal shift in the tropical Indo-Pacific in mid-1990s To explore the impact of relaxation of sea surface salinity (SSS) towards an observational interannually variable salinity to the Pacific in the OFES, we have conducted a new experiment (ARGO run), in which SSS is strongly relaxed to monthly mean SSS observed by the Argo. We have compared this output with that obtained from an operational experiment (CLIM run), in which SSS is relaxed to monthly mean climatological SSS of the WOA98. The integration period of the ARGO run is 2005-2013, and that of the CLIM run is 1950-2013. Their horizontal resolutions are 0.1x0.1 degrees, and both are driven by monthly mean wind stress of the NCEP reanalysis 1. The regions where the interannually variable SSS plays significant role are detected by evaluating the ratios of standard deviation of monthly anomalies of salinity around 25 sigma theta isopycnal surface between ARGO run/CLIM run. In the Pacific, the large fluctuations are found in the subtropical mode water (STMW), where the standard deviation is increased three-fold, and in the South Western Tropical Pacific region, where the deviation is increased two-fold. In this presentation, we will describe the features of the salinity response in the STMW. Relationship between the salinity anomaly in the STMW and the SSS and the salinity anomaly in the isopycnal surface are suggested by time-lag correlation analysis. It is found that there are two main factors for the interannual variability: the one is SSS change in the STMW formation region, and the other is westward propagating isopycnal spiciness signal. Twenty month ago SSS change in the formation region is highly correlated with the salinity variability in the STMW (R=0.83). At this time, the spiciness signal associated with the STMW salinity variability locates at 40 degrees to the east, and their correlation coefficient is also high (R=0.81). Although the integration period of 9 years is perhaps not enough for the lag correlation analysis, we note that these results are consistent with an analysis of tracking of water masses. The Aquarius/Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas (SAC)-D satellite, an L-band passive radar system has been providing global maps of sea surface salinity (SSS) since 25 August 2011. In parallel with the ongoing satellite observations, assiduous efforts for reducing measurement errors have been made along with detailed validation campaigns. As a result, there are multiple possibili-ties for new science. For example, the new SSS field obtained on completion of a few annual cycles of Aquarius measurements will support detailed climate studies and should greatly improve our understanding of the ocean freshwater cycle. In order to enhance the description of oceanic processes by using Aquarius SSS data we make use of a data assimilation ap-proach, which has the advantage of providing four-dimensional analysis fields incorporating the limited observational data within the framework of established dynamical models. Hence, we aim to merge Aquarius data into the global ocean data assimilation system developed in the Meteorological Research Institute and then assess its impacts on the upper-ocean field. Positive effects by incorporating the Aquarius data can be seen in several regions in the global ocean, although uncertainty in the Aquarius data is expected to be large in some regions. Around the Indonesian maritime continent, the Aquarius data assimilation reduces the SSS biases that may arise due to the use of excess precipitation in the atmospheric reanalyses. Comparison with buoy data lends support to the use of the Aquarius data in this region, although the land fractions involved (0.02) are above the more severe level used for the open ocean (e.g., 0.0005). In other regions with large effects, model biases in the SSS field due to the defects in both the forcing field and the model (resolution and parameterizations) reported in previous studies are re-duced by the Aquarius data assimilation. Furthermore, other parameters such as subsurface temperature are affected by the new data through the water-mass formation processes. These results indicate the importance of Aquarius data in deriving improved representations of the global ocean from dynamical models. Previous studies pointed out that Argo and Aquarius data are highly complementary, with Argo data vital for analyzing and correcting biases in Aquarius data and Aquarius data able to resolve temporal and spatial SSS variability missed by Argo. Our results are consistent with this view and demonstrate a route through to a possible


The reaction of Sn(Cl)C6H3-2,6-Dipp2 (Dipp = C6H3-2,6-Pri2) with a stoichiometric amount of potassium in benzene affords 2,6-Pri2-H3C6SnSnC6H3-2,6-Pri2 (1) as dark blue-green crystals. The compound 1 is a tin analogue of an alkyne. It was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and UV−vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, combustion analysis and X-ray crystallography. The structural data show that 1 has a trans-bent, planar C(ipso)SnSnC(ipso) skeleton with a Sn−Sn bond distance of 2.6675(4) A and a Sn−Sn−C angle of 125.24(7)°. The Sn−Sn distance, which is ca. 0.15 A shorter than a conventional Sn−Sn single bond, and the trans-bent structure indicate the presence Sn−Sn multiple bond character unlike the related singly bonded ArPbPbAr species.


The signalling cascades that contribute to lupus pathogenesis are incompletely understood. We address this by using an unbiased activity‐based kinome screen of murine lupus.


We study nucleon decay via dimension 6 operators for various decay modes in the anomalous U(1)A SUSY GUT scenarios, in which the unification scale Λu becomes smaller than the usual SUSY GUT scale ΛG = 2× 1016 GeV in general. Since the predicted lifetime τ(p → π0+ ec) falls around the experimental lower bound, the discovery of the nucleon decay in future can be expected. We show that the two ratios R1 = Γn→π0+νc Γp→π0+ec and R2 = Γp→K0+μc Γp→π0+ec are important in identifying grand unification group, SU(5), SO(10), and E6. In these calculation we consider uncertainties of the unitary matrices diagonalizing Yukawa matrices. In addition, we calculate the nucleon decay in anomalousU(1)A E6×SU(2)F SUSY GUTmodel. In this model, SU(2)F symmetry restricts Yukawa structure at GUT scale. As a result the diagonalizing matrices are restricted. Our calculation shows that in E6 models which have flavor symmetry SU(2)F smaller R1 and R2 are preferable than these in E6 models which do not have flavor symmetry SU(2)F . This talk is based on Ref. [1, 2]


The fact that literature is the art of words has been stated since ancient times. This means that the main element of literature is words whereas language constitutes entire body of literature. Consequently in order to assess a literary work objectively, it is necessary to analyze its linguistic structure in terms of originality. The area that explores literary texts as the form of existence of aesthetic function of language is referred as lenguapoetika in linguistics. A number of valuable academic works have been written in this field. Importance of analyzing works by Uzbek poet and writer Abdulhamit Cholpan in terms of lenguapoetika is emphasized in this article.


Police, fire, emergency medical services, and military personnel encompass a tactical population that is considered an emerging setting in athletic training.Due to the occupational demands within this demographic, these patients are experiencing musculoskeletal injuries and injuries that withhold them from career duties at an alarming rate. One of the main contributors to the incidence of musculoskeletal injury is a lack of functional movement.1-3 Incorporating corrective functional movement programs should be a primary goal in treating tactical populations.


The author discusses on the Rome Diplomatic Conference budget, which included his insistence on the installation of voting machines in the plenary hall of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) building, as it was clear to him that voting was almost certainly going to be necessary. The FAO building made a disheartening first impression on these new arrivals, which was confirmed throughout the Conference. The Drafting Committee started with the text forwarded by the Preparatory Committee. The French delegation was tripartite throughout the Preparatory Committee and the Rome Diplomatic Conference, with members of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Justice, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which headed the delegation and was responsible for good coordination with the Justice and Defense Ministries. Keywords:drafting committee; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); French delegation; Rome Diplomatic Conference


The purpose of this paper is to derive a systematic procedure for reactive power control to decide the optimal location and size of compensation shunt capacitors so as to improve the system voltage profile. The proposed algorithm for locating the compensators is based on the sensitivities of the reactive power flow of system lines with respect to the reactive power injection at system buses where the reactive power of shunt compensation is considered as an important strategy in controlling voltage stability. After identifying the candidate buses, the problem is formulated as linear programming problem of the minimization of the possibility of voltage collapse and improving the system voltage profile by defining fewer equations and constraints, and saving computer storage and time. A test system is selected to verify the effectiveness and to confirm the accuracy of the proposed method. We therefore conclude that the practical application of this technique would enhance the security of a power system by reducing the risk of voltage collapse.


The following thesis presents the possibilities of using the computer software GeoGebra as an aid for verifying properties and laws when dealing with mathematical and physical problems.

First, the thesis provides some basic software features of dynamic geometry. This is
followed by a detail presentation of the GeoGebra software's essential components and functions. Furthermore, possibilities of using the GeoGebra software to perform different functions are presented, as is its classroom implementation with supplying online dynamical classroom worksheets.

In detail, the theoretical models of reflection and total reflection, refraction on a flat
surface and refraction on a sphere are discussed. For each of the aforementioned instances, online dynamic classroom worksheets are published to help the user verify the theoretical laws in practice using the GeoGebra software.


To determine its possible use as a male gametocide and,thus, eliminate hand-emasculation in controlled crosses,maleic hydrazide concentrations ranging from 50-100 ppm,was applied to foliage of the peanut, Arachis hypogaea L,in the greenhouse before flowering.....


Biometrics based user authentication techniques are used for automated recognition of individuals based on their physical or behavioral characteristics. A biometric is a unique and measurable characteristic of an individual like iris, face, signature, hand -geometry and retina. The fusion of multiple biometric characteristics in Multi-biometric systems provides the desired level of security. They combine information from multiple sources like multiple sensors, algorithms or traits and the presence of multiple sources of information makes them more reliable. In addition, they overcome various challenges encountered in monobiometrics systems like: the problem of noisy data, non-universality, spoof-attacks, interclass similarities and intra-class variations. Multi-biometric systems may be classified into following categories: multi-sensor systems, multi-algorithm systems, multi-instance systems, multi-sample systems, multi-modal systems and hybrid systems. The heart of any multibiometric system is the fusion technique applied. There are various levels at which fusion can occur: sensor level, feature level, matching score level, rank level and decision level. In this paper we will present an overview of mono-biometric and multi-biometric systems, various types of multi-biometric systems employed, fusion techniques and their modes of operation.


The current study uses the technology acceptance model to understand the drivers affecting Indonesian pre-service teachers' intention to use m-learning. Eleven hypotheses were proposed within seven variables; self-efficacy, subjective norms, facilitating conditions, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes, and intention to use m-learning. Content validity index and pilot study were conducted before the data collection. The survey instrument was distributed to more than 1000 Indonesian pre-service teachers; however, 772 responses were measurable. The analysis was achieved through the partial least square structural equation modeling and t-test. Findings revealed that 10 out of 11 relationships were significant. Intention to use m-learning was significantly predicted by perceived usefulness and attitude. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were the significant predictors of attitude. Self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, and subjective norms were reported to predict perceived usefulness, while an insignificant correlation emerged between facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness. Perceived ease of use was significantly affected by facilitating conditions, subjective norms, and self-efficacy. Additionally, the difference test reported that the mean scores between participants' gender were different regarding intention to use m-learning; female teachers' intention to use m-learning was lower than their male teacher counterparts. An insignificant difference was confirmed based on age. Suggestions are proposed to improve technology integration in education, especially m-learning integration in Indonesia.


Rapid depletion of fossil fuels, increasing fossil-fuel price, carbon price, and the quest of low carbon fuel for cleaner environment – these are the reason researchers are looking for alternatives of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is a gifted substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the predicted littleness of conventional fuels and environmental concern. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from Calophyllum inophyllum oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. The Calophyllum inophyllum oil is converted into Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester known as biodiesel processed in the presence of homogeneous acid catalyst. The physical properties such as Kinematic viscosity, Density, Calorific Value, Cetane number, Fire point and Flash point were found out for Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester at different blends.


The administrative system of to or from the regions of Hong Kong or Macao must be reformed.Formulating a new administrative system of to or from the Regions of Hong Kong or Macao in the demand of our national conditions,the reality and the long_term development must be based on the need of constructing harmonious society in order to ensure the stability of code,the unity of legan system,the directionality of reform and practicability of execution.


In recent years, with the development of automobile inspection technology in China, automobile inspection line has become quite common. Generally, the automobile inspection line is composed of several computers connected to each other, each computer controls a station, and finally, the main control computer gives the inspection results. CAN (Control Area Network) bus is a serial communication network with distributed control, and it is also a non-destructive bus arbitration technology that can receive multiple data messages. Nodes with high priority will send data messages first, while nodes with low priority will stop transmitting. This paper puts forward the scheme of architecture reform of control system of automobile inspection line based on CAN bus. Practice shows that the computer control system of automobile automatic inspection line can realize automobile inspection with high reliability and low cost.


'It is always dark ahead of the pick!' This centuries-old miners' expression still reveals the uncertainty about the upcoming rock properties during exploration and extraction processes. It is still tough to predict what a drill rig or a cutting machine will experience during operation. However, in terms of safety, energy consumption and the performance of the whole machine it would be beneficial to be able to monitor such an extraction process. Hence, different sensors or sensor combinations are tested during cutting and drilling processes within RealTime Mining project. First aim is to depict the machine performance of the machine at any time. In a second step sensor information is also used to conclude on mechanical rock properties during the process. Measuring the machine performance for cutting and drilling is quite similar and has been condensed under the terms Monitoring-While-Cutting (MWC) respectively Monitoring-While-Drilling (MWD). Both monitoring systems contain a bundle of sensors to depict the whole process. As an example, the energy demand of such a machine can be determined by measuring the power consumption of the engines constantly. Furthermore, the process parameters like advance rates and drilling or cutting speed have to be evaluated as well to be able to depict the whole extraction machine. To conclude on mechanical rock properties several other sensor solutions have been tested and finally integrated into those monitoring systems. One of the most important rock properties for drilling and cutting is the rock strength. Increasing rock strength during an extraction process leads to increasing forces that are needed to break a certain amount of rock. Hence, e.g. measuring the torque of a drill string or the cutting forces can be an indicator on rock resistance or rock strength. Not minor important, is the characteristic rock breakage behavior which can be classified by the use of 'acoustic' sensors. Dependent on the rock properties that currently is drilled or cut through a characteristic fracture occurs in front of the tool. This results in audible and also inaudible characteristic acoustic waves that propagate through the machine body and can be gathered on the machine by piezo-electric sensors. The interpretation of these signals could lead to a material classification already during the extraction process. Several tests of these sensor technologies have been conducted in laboratory environment as well in field tests. The most promising results are going to be presented. REAL TIME MINING Conference on Innovation on Raw Material Extraction Amsterdam 2017 39


Antioxidant food and beverage additives are widely used by industry to prolong shelf-life by inhibiting the oxidation of fat (oxidative rancidity), vitamins and various amino acids molecules, ensuring also retention of taste and colour. In the food industry, the purpose of adding one ore more antioxidants is twofold, namely i) to suppress lipid oxidation and free radicals in foodstuff under conditions of long storage or of cooking, and ii) to reduce the concentration of free radicals in vivo after food ingestion. For over 70 years, the most commonly used antioxidant food additives have included BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), PG (propyl gallate) and TBHQ (tert-butyl hydroquinone), namely phenolic compounds, often used in combination, to stabilize fat in baked and fried products, vegetable oils and margarine. It has been at least two decades since consumer safety concerns are driving a major trend in the food industry, namely the shift from the use of synthetic to natural ingredients in food products. A range of natural antioxidants are nowadays increasingly used in industry as food and beverage antioxidant additives, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C, contained in many citrus fruits) to protect soft drinks, jams, condensed milk and meat, and tocopherols (vitamin E family) for preserving vegetable oils, margarine and cocoa products. Arguing that natural antioxidants are preferred over synthetic antioxidants by most consumers "for emotional reasons", Pokorny and Parkányiová emphasized the poor stability and carry through properties of natural antioxidants, suggesting that their optimal utilization consists in direct addition as food ingredients without any fractionation, such as in the case of rosemary resins (see below). Other major changes driven by consumer changing lifestyles are the increasing demand of precooked meals, the progressive elimination of hydrogenated fats, and the incorporation of oxidatively unstable nutritional ingredients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3) and vitamins in today's complex foods. All this will require better ways for controlling oxidation. involving "blends of antioxidants that operate on different components of the oxidation mechanism and act synergistically". One suitable replacement for synthetic antioxidants for preventing rancidity in meat, fish, baked and dairy products, might be olive biophenols due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Obtained from olive fruits and also from its by-products (olive tree leaves, olive pomace and olive mill waste water) these phenolics have exceptionally high antioxidant activity, and generally show no adverse health effects. Besides extended shelf life, they would impart new health benefits to foodstuffs. In other words, olive biophenols may act as antioxidant food additives and as food supplements endowing new and relevant properties to foodstuffs and also to beverages. The most interesting biophenols are found in the olive mill waste water (OMWW, containing >50 % of the total olive biophenols), in the pomace and in the leaves from which they are increasingly extracted. The aim of this study is not to provide a complete overview on food applications of olive biophenols, but rather to provide a critical answer to the question: Are olive biophenols suitable for large-scale replacement of synthetic antioxidants and preservatives?


ever, as the book by Dr. Ferreiro tells us, thanks to crucial advances in the theories of sailing, hydrostatics, and ship stability, the basic tools existed for the prediction of the characteristics of ships, even if—for various reasons— they could not yet be easily mastered. Already two of the central themes in the volume at hand have been suggested, not just the prediction of ship performance, but also the tension between the practical shipbuilder and the theorist. However, the author tackles much more than that. As centrepiece there is the work of the scientist Pierre Bouguer, notably his seminal Traité du navire (1746), plus the exchange of ideas between European savants, the advancing professionalisation of naval architects, and the development of naval science in no fewer than seven European powers (France, Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Venice). The book is thus highly ambitious in content and form; it is also impressively researched, well written, handsomely produced, and admirably fills a significant gap in the secondary sources. It will be of great utility to historians not just of navies but also science and technology. One thing missing, though, is a convincing explanation for the wide differences between the two main naval rivals, Britain and France. For instance, it seems misplaced to suggest that competition in warship construction from private yards depressed science in the British government dockyards, since recourse was had to the private yards usually only during wartime. Furthermore, the separate national approaches to naval construction were to be found more generally in the pure and applied sciences. There is surely a wider phenomenon here than Ferreiro allows for, involving questions of culture and mentalités. There is also one apparent anomaly. Ferreiro lavishes praise on the eighteenth-century theoreticians, but reiterates that their designs proved relatively disappointing. The theory then underlying French warship construction was impressive, but the calculations were often flawed, or beside the point. To perform at their best, apparently, French ships needed to be re-masted, re-rigged and re-coppered by the practical empiricists in British dockyards, then stowed and sailed by a crew of seasoned British seamen. Nevertheless, Ferreiro's approach is not at all Quixotic. We must understand there is to be a second volume, called Bridging the Seas: The Development of Naval Architecture in the Industrial Age, 1800–2000. This looks like being even more ambitious than the one at hand. It should also give the context in which eighteenth-century developments can be properly valued, and will surely be keenly anticipated.


The objective of this assignment is to gain some experience with techniques for dynamic load-balancing, and how to implement these using MPI. The main emphasis in this assignment is on the practical considerations; how to actually implement the various load-balancing schemes. 1 The simulated problem Instead of solving a real problem we will use a simulated \problem", in the directory /public/www/ngssc/parallel/projects/assignment4 there is an object le worker.o together with interface deenitions (worker.h for C and workerf90.h for FORTRAN90). The routines in worker are: integer function do some work(i, c) This routine simulates the work associated with the integer i. If all work associated with i is done the routine returns zero, otherwise there is more work to be done for i and the routine should be called again for the same i but with c6 = 0 (the rst time the routine is called for a given i c should be zero). I.e. to carry out all the work associated with a given i a loop such as this should be used (see the example codes): for(w = 1, c = 0; w;){ w = do_some_work(i, c); c = 1; } (FORTRAN alert: both w and c are integers). The amount of work to be done for each diierent i varies randomly (with a big variance). We will refer to the work associated with one integer i as a \work-lot". This routine returns an interval of work to carry out. Each processor will get a non-overlapping interval. large speciies the size of the problem: large= 0 means the small problem and large= 1 means the large problem. This is suitable to simulate the situation where work occur randomly on the processors. subroutine get all work(large, &mybegin, &myend)


Serverless computing has emerged as a new compelling paradigm for the deployment of applications and services. It represents an evolution of cloud programming models, abstractions, and platforms, and is a testament to the maturity and wide adoption of cloud technologies. In this research, we discuss the new concept in cloud computing that allows the services computation that triggers the code execution as a response for certain events. Cloud computing as provisioning more servers on demand are one of the primary issues and traffic of servers or load is not consistent. The Services are moved to the cloud and a great change is observed in all fields. People are more comfortable having their services on the Internet. As E-commerce services have reached exponential growth. The problem associated with this research is that the organization often spends huge chunks of dollars only for server provisioning, and another chunk for its security and management. As compared to serverless, the vendor serves all security and management aspects. Mostly the Online service providers are often stuck with unexpected traffic. Having more provisioned servers creates a hike in prices. There are needed to be a solution where vendors can only have to pay for the services on demand and describes serverless infrastructure, which assists to do all without taking care of these as a simple model and a simple structure. In this research, the serverless architecture service is providing the use of functions, which are on clusters and compels users "Pay as you go", is more refined in serverless, and now is known by "Pay what is used". It represents an evolution of cloud programming models has gained increasing attention by researchers. It concludes the impact, legacy application migration and using this new approach as standard to build the application. Serverless architecture is far greater than having a legacy approach. Its word to mouth to say serverless will prevail all others but still having the approach might take time. This is not only a cost-effective factor; rather a huge portion of service is somehow is outsource to a vendor. An extension of the restricted time limit by cloud vendors will allow running the complete workflow using the serverless architecture with avoiding the scheduling problem.


Except for a patina of twenty-first century modernity, in the form of logic and language, philosophy is exactly the same now as it ever was; it has made no progress whatsoever. We philosophers wrestle with the exact same problems the Pre-Socratics wrestled with. Even more outrageous than this claim, though, is the blatant denial of its obvious truth by many practicing philosophers. The No-Progress view is explored and argued for here. Its denial is diagnosed as a form of anosognosia, a mental condition where the affected person denies there is any problem. The theories of two eminent philosophers supporting the No-Progress view are also examined. The final section offers an explanation for philosophy's inability to solve any philosophical problem, ever. The paper closes with some reflections on philosophy's future. If we doubt, as many do, that non-scientific fields make progress, that cannot be because individual schools make none. Rather, it must be because there are always competing schools, each of which constantly questions the very foundations of the others. The man who argues that philosophy, for example, has made no progress emphasizes that there are still Aristotelians, not that Aristotelianism has failed to progress. Thomas Kuhn, Structure of Scientific Revolutions (second edition), pp. 162-163. 1. How Philosophy is like Science I'm a professor in a philosophy department. Most of my philosophical colleagues study ethics of one sort or another. We have in our department several consequentialists, a couple of deontologists and moral essentialists, a couple of virtue ethicists, and a few relativists. It is a commonplace that these views, at least in certain well-known formulations, are incompatible with each other. Certainly, most of my colleagues believe this. Most also believe that he or she _____________________________ Corresponding Author: E. Dietrich Binghamton University email email@example.com Essays Philos (2011) 12:2 Dietrich | 330 is right. Since they also believe in theory-incompatibalism, they believe that their colleagues are wrong. The consequentialists (a group to which I do not belong) are particularly vociferous (no doubt just by chance). They passionately and earnestly explain to the rest of us that we are wrong, and they give us arguments both old and new to get us to change our views. We never do. This is not to say that their arguments don't affect us. Like philosophers everywhere and of every stripe, we nonconsequentialists are strongly affected by our colleagues' arguments for consequentialism: they cause us to draw distinctions and find false premises and errors in our colleagues' reasoning. Of course, when we point these out, the consequentialists, like us, don't change their minds; they muster even more resolve and begin afresh. Religion is also important in my department. Here matters are even more pointed, which is obvious from the fact that discussions about religion are far more polite than discussions about ethics. The theists think that the atheists are benighted, and vice versa. The Buddhists think both are sadly confused, and will only lose their confusion after many more cycles of death and rebirth. Since religions carry robust ontological commitments, the disagreements here about who's right and who's wrong are disagreements about the actual structure and content of the universe; they are disagreements about what kind of universe we live in. Arguments here are even more inefficacious than the ethical arguments discussed above. These two cases – ethics and religion – are local instantiations of the way philosophers behave and have behaved since philosophy first appeared in humankind, which is probably contemporaneous with the emergence of language. Philosophers strongly disagree with each other, arguments rarely change any philosopher's mind (though sometimes arguments awaken a philosopher from his or her dogmatic slumbers), and they think the other is wrong and has made mistakes, rather than thinking that each other merely has a different take on the relevant facts. In thus behaving as they do, philosophers are acting almost exactly like scientists (and mathematicians). To see this, compare the situation in my department with the one across campus in the biology department. We have, at Binghamton University, a wellknown biologist – David Sloan Wilson – who has for decades developed and argued for an important addition to the current theory of evolution: group selection theory. In group selection theory, selection pressures act not only on individuals (or genes), but also on groups of similar individuals, called trait groups. Wilson uses group selection to explain such things as the evolution of altruism and cooperation, for which group selection works quite nicely and apparently better than models based on gene selection. Wilson's view is more complicated than this brief description; for example, group Essays Philos (2011) 12:2 Dietrich | 331 selection is but one part of his larger theory called multilevel selection theory, which posits selection occurring at several different levels: gene, cell, organism, group (see, Sober and Wilson, 1998; Wilson, 1975; Wilson and Sober, 1994; and Wilson and Wilson, 2008). Nevertheless, this will do for our purposes. Group selection is roundly rejected and even savagely attacked by the likes of Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett who reject it as either wrong or at best inconsequential (see, e.g., Dawkins, 1994, and Dennett, 2006). Group selection was banned from evolutionary biology back in the late 1960s mostly due to the late George Williams (Williams, 1972) -the reasons are complex and sociological rather than scientific. But thanks to David Wilson and other biologists like him, group selection is making a comeback and finding a home in evolutionary theory. Dawkins and Dennett remain unpersuaded by Wilson's arguments. Wilson thinks they're wrong; they think he's wrong. For every argument Wilson musters, Dawkins and Dennett gear up their distinction-making and fault-finding in order to refute Wilson, and vice versa. One is strongly reminded of the old saw "Scientific debates are won only when the combatants die and a new generation comes of age adopting the new theories." If group (and multilevel) selection theory does eventually win, it will be because a new generation of biologists embraces them. It is remarkable how common this is in science. Einstein apparently went to his grave believing that quantum mechanics was wrong (even though he helped create it). Henri Poincare, Leopold Kronecker, L. Brower, and L. Wittgenstein went to theirs believing that Georg Cantor's theories of transfinite numbers were not just wrong, but "a grave disease," to quote Poincare. Though few in number, legitimate scientists to this day disbelieve evolutionary theory, preferring instead some sort of creation-by-intelligentagent(s) theory. No doubt they will go to their graves maintaining such beliefs (and vice versa for evolutionists). There are counterexamples, of course. Robert Bakker's theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded, fast, and smart is now (with some variation) the received view, and it has become the received view in his lifetime. There is an appropriate and expiating irony here though: Bakker refuses to accept the asteroid/comet impact theory of the extinction of the dinosaurs, and this despite the 2010 publication in Science of a major paper strongly supporting the theory (Schulte, et al. 2010). So, no one can convince one's opponent. All one can hope to do is convince the next, younger generation. Good theories, better theories, do just this. This behavior even probably makes sense, in the long run, for if we surrendered our cherished scientific theories too easily, we would not be sufficiently testing and stressing our theories for them to be legitimately awarded the coveted honorific: True. Thus does science lurch forward. Essays Philos (2011) 12:2 Dietrich | 332 But what of philosophy? It clearly does look a lot like science here: no one can convince one's opponent, etc. etc. Does it also thus lurch forward?


Abstract The methyl esters of 2-methoxy-3, 6-dichlorobenzoic acid and three phenoxyacetic acids were prepared by the admixture of an excess of both methyl iodide and anhydrous alkali-metal carbonate to a solution of the carboxylic acids in acetone. The reaction was completed within the shortest period of time when cesium carbonate was used, and the reaction mixture was injected without further work-up into a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionization detector. Further reduction of reaction time was achieved by heating the mixture to 50°C and by ultrasonic treatment; this technique is also suitable for esterification of microliter quantities and obviates the need for a microrefluxer. Butylesters of 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T were prepared in an analogous manner. The methyl esters of 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T, and the butyl ester of 2, 4-D were obtained in better than 90% yield.


Historical documents are valuable resources worth
to be preserved in order to support our cultural and social knowledge. Unfortunately, these supports based on fragile materials are often affected by several types of degradations. Applying restoration techniques on
degraded captured digital images of historical documents may be a quick and efficient way to preserve the document and avoid the loss in its content.
This paper presents a new method to restore a
particular type of degradation which is referred to as
"bleed-through". This degradation is caused by the interference of characters from the reverse side with
the text to be read. Our proposed method is based on a recursive approach that relies on two types of analysis:
the Principal Component Analysis and the k-means
clustering algorithm. The aim here is to extract clear
textural images from these interfering and overlapping areas of text. Our restoration method analyses the
front side image alone and corrects the unneeded
image components. This paper concludes with some
experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.


Abstract Copper becomes more and more important in the electronic industry. This metal is more resilient than conventional materials (like aluminium) due to the higher electrical and thermal conductivity. During several electrical stress pulses the copper changes. The surface can melt up and cracks and voids can develop inside the copper specimen. In this paper we use acoustic emission testing to analyse copper degradation especially of copper and copper traces. It is evaluated if an acoustic wave excited by a thermo-electrical stress pulse can be detected by a simple measurement setup and if a correlation between the acoustic signal and the degradation exists. The idea is that during the degradation, the behaviour of the material changes which in turn influences the emitted acoustic signal.


S 1. Delidow B, Silvis A. Communication Skills for Biomedical Science Students: An interactive course designed to enhance skills pertinent to the graduate career and future professional development. The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2011. 2. Silvis A, Kiningham K. Silencing of MnSOD enhances ATRA-induced neurofilament expression in neuroblastoma cells. American Association for Cancer Research 2011. 3. Silvis A, Kiningham K. Neuroblastoma differentiation marker is enhanced by silencing of the MnSOD gene. Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine 23 Annual Research Day 2011. Recipient of "Best Basic Science Presentation" Award. 4. Silvis A, Kiningham K. N-L-Acetyl Cysteine Enhances All-trans Retinoic Acid-Mediated Expression of Differentiation Markers in Neuroblastoma Cells Independent of an Increase in Glutathione, or Decrease in Dichlorofluoroscein Fluorescence. Society for Free Radical Research 2010. 5. Silvis A, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation during Differentiation of Neuroblastoma Cells with All-trans Retinoic Acid. STaR Symposium, September 2010, Marshall University. Runner-up for "Best Poster" Award. 6. Silvis A, Kiningham K. Differentiation Induction with All-trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Parallels Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation in SK-N-SH Neuroblastoma Cells. Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine 21 Annual Research Day 2010. 7. Silvis A, Napper J, Sollars VE, Kiningham K. All-trans Retinoic Acid Mediated Differentiation of Neuroblastoma Parallels Increase in Reactive Oxygen Species Formation. Society for Free Radical Research 2009. 8. Cardozo Z, Silvis A, Kiningham K. All-trans Retinoic Acid Induces Resistance to Cisplatin (CDDP) in the SK-N-SH Neuroblastoma Cell Line: A Potential Mechanism Through 149 Modulation of Bcl-xL and Bax. Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine 82 Meeting of the West Virginia Academy of Sciences. Recipient of "Best Poster" Award. 9. Hunter V, Silvis A, Marcelo A, Kiningham K. N-acetyl-Lcysteine (NAC) Enhances All-trans retinoic acid Mediated Differentiation Through Modulation of Retinoid Receptor Activity. WV-INBRE Research Day 2007. Chosen for Oral Presentation. 10. Olshanski A, Li G, Peng H. BMP4 Induces Dedifferentiation of Myotubes. Orthopaedic Research Society 2006. 11. Usas A, Ho A, Peng H,Cooper GM, Olshanski A, Huard J. Delivery System Affects Osteoinduction and Ectopic Bone Formation Mediated by Muscle-derived Stem Cells Expressing BMP4. Orthopaedic Research Society 2005. 12. Pollett J B, Olshanski A, Ghareibeh B, Corsi K, Usas A, Peng H, Huard J. Coexpression of BMP4 and Noggin in vivo Induces Tumor Formation in a Dose-dependent Manner. Orthopaedic Research Society 2005. 13. Pollett J B, Olshanski A, Ghareibeh B, Corsi K, Usas A, Peng H, Huard J. Concurrent BMP4 and Noggin Signaling Induces Tumor Formation by Pluripotent Muscle-Derived Cells. Am Soc. For Cell Biology 2005. TEACHING EXPERIENCE 2011-2012 Lecturer – Marshall University Forensic Sciences; Biochemistry 2010-2012 Teaching Practicum – Marshall University; Communication Skills, Cellular and Molecular Biology 2011 Team Taught Human Anatomy and Physiology – Marshall University 2010 Invited Instructor – University of Charleston; Cancer Biology 2000-2002 Graduate Teaching Assistant: Human Anatomy and Physiology, Physiology Instructed college level laboratory courses, Observed and guided student experiments SERVICE Professional 2010 Graduate Student Mentoring Committee 2010 Graduate Student Organization Vice President 2009 Graduate Student Organization Secretary/Treasurer 2006-2010 Graduate Student Organization WebMaster Community 2011-2012 Volunteer, Vacation Bible School, Ascension Catholic Church 2010 Volunteer, Vacation Bible School, First Baptist Church of Hurricane 2006 Volunteer, Upwards Basketball Assistant Coach 2005 Volunteer, Carnegie Science Museum 2004 Science Fair Judge, Pittsburgh, PA, Heinz Field Stadium


This paper aims to develop a home-oriented cyber-physical system to help patients improve their motion coordination capability via physical training. The measures evaluated by the system include the motion style of the legs, the periodicity of the foot trajectory, and the foot balance level, which are recommended by physical therapists. The motions of the legs and feet are recorded by thermal camera, and the plantar pressure is measured by the insole pressure sensors. We have developed innovative algorithms to extract the leg skeletons from the thermal images, and to implement motion signal auto-segmentation, recognition, and analysis for the above-mentioned measures. The experimental results have verified that the proposed system could efficiently acquire and analyze the lower-limb motion information.


Haraway, Donna Jeanne (1991). Simians, cyborgs and women: The reinventing of nature. New York: Routledge. Harding, Sandra G. (1991). The science question in feminism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Mishler, Elliot G. (1984). The discourse of medicine: Dialectics of medical interviews. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Silverman, David (1987). Communication and medical practice: Social relations in the clinic. London: Sage. (1997). Discourses of counselling: HIV counselling and social interaction. London: Sage. Waitzkin, Howard B. (1983). The second sickness: Contradictions in capitalist health care. New York: Free Press.


The hydrogen-bonded hexamolybdoplatinate tetramer [H23(PtMo6O24)4]9− was reacted with methanol to yield a new methylated hexamolybdoplatinate. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the methylate...


Personal information agents play an important role in the acquisition, processing, and distribution of information and are of utmost importance in many areas. However, in order to meet user's information needs, these agents must direct their tasks by reasoning upon the user-related information. In this sense, user profiling plays a crucial part. User profiling is an attempt to deal with the information about Internet users and its diversity and complexity through categorization. In this paper, an overview of the user profile acquisition is provided. For this purpose, a framework is presented which describes the most important aspects and frame conditions of user profile acquisition. The three user profile types Explicit, Implicit, and Hybrid are discussed, and user profile acquisition and enrichment techniques are elaborated for each of them. Furthermore, the challenges regarding user profile acquisition and the legal requirements are presented.


The numerical study of a diffusion flame over a porous flat plate showed that the observed velocity overshoot around the flame region is primarily due to the pressure gradients induced because of the confined nature of the flow. The phenomenon of combustion by itself is unlikely to induce significant pressure nonuniformities which can describe the observed levels of overshoot in velocity. The buoyancy effects can, however, induce velocity overshoot to a certain extent. The exact prediction of the velocity and temp. profiles calls for inclusion of buoyancy effects, a more accurate estn. of injection velocity, and a better description of transport property variation in addition to the pressure gradients induced by the confined nature of the flow.


The Track Imaging Cerenov Experiment (TrICE) is an air Cerenkov prototype telescope designed to use multi-anode photomultiplier to acheive a high angular resolution for measuring cosmic-ray composition at TeV-PeV energies. The TrICE camera, composed of 16 Hamamatsu R8900 16-channel multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, achieves 0.086 degree angular width per pixel over 1.5 degree wide field of view. We present a description of the TrICE camera design, calibration and performance.


The systematic relationships between Carduus brutius and its putatively relative taxa, i.e. Carduus affinis and C. defloratus subsp. carlinifolius , were assessed by means of morphological, morphometric and karyological analyses. Our results highlighted a diploid status (2n = 2x = 22) for all the three involved taxa and a higher morphological similarity between C. brutius and C. affinis , which are also completely allopatric (but collectively sympatric with C. defloratus subsp. carlinifolius ). The names Carduus affinis Guss., C. affinis var. brutius Fiori, C. affinis var. vulturius Fiori and C. affinis f. pollinensis Fiori were typified. At the present state of knowledge, a subspecific status seems the most appropriate for C. brutius , as C. affinis subsp. brutius . This taxon can be regarded as schizoendemic, restricted to southern Italy (Montea-Caramolo mountain area, Calabria).


Six taxa, viz., Anemone obtusiloba D. Don var. potentilloides Lauener, Eriocapitella rupicola (Cambess.) Pusalkar, D.K. Singh & S.K. Srivast. var. glabriuscula (Hook.f.) Pusalkar, D.K. Singh & S.K. Srivast. (Ranunculaceae), Ilex excelsa (Wall.) Hook.f. var hypotricha (Loesener) S.Y. Hu (Aquifoliaceae), Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle var. glabrata Hook.f. & Thomson (Ranunculaceae), Parrya nudicaulis (L.) Regael (Brassicaceae) and Ranunculus hirtellus Royle var. orientalis W.T. Wang (Ranunculaceae) are reported as new records for Uttarakhand flora. Of these, Ranunculus hirtellus var. orientalis W.T. Wang is a new record for Indian flora and Ilex excelsa var hypotricha (Loesener) S.Y. Hu is a new record for the western Himalayan flora as well. A new combination is proposed under the genus Eriocapitella Nakai (Ranunculaceae) and a note is appended on status, morpho-taxonomy and distribution of widely mis-understood species Arenaria kumaonensis Maxim. (Caryophyllaceae).


Large polystyrene spheres (nominally 5-, 7-, 10-, and 15-μm diameter) form a new range. The spheres have been sized using a Magiscan Image Analyzer, a scanning electron microscope, and a Coulter counter. Spheres of each nominal size have been found to have a tight size distribution.


It was found that there were two new water sources (Ain Alhaya and Ain Alkhiala). Ain Alhaya is one of the most common springs in Cairo. The source of this water is the deep meteoric water. Ain El-Khiala is a spring located to the south of Ain Alhaya. The source of water at this spring is the shallow marine water and characterized by greenish brown colour. Water of Ain Alkhiala was characterized by lower dissolved oxygen and higher levels of turbidity, conductivity, sulfates and ammonia than that of Ain Alhaya. It was also characterized by the presence of wide range of different algae and protozoa species. So, water of Ain Alkhiala was excluded from the treatment. Although the flocculation with chlorine was more effective than that with huwa-san, the disinfection with huwasan was more effective in killing the different bacterial and protozoa species than chlorine in both of Ain Alhaya and Ain Alkhiala. The study at the chemical and microbiological levels showed that water of Ain Alhaya may be suitable for drinking purposes after further experimental studies for removing the metals which were responsible for the high conductivity. Huwa-san may be the most suitable disinfecting agent used during treatment of water of Ain Alhaya.


There are the disruption about modern forms of theaters which psychologist can use as a great method of actualization human resources at this article. The main idea of the article is to compare playback theater with process theater and give some work structure of these methods.


Goodlad's ecological perspective. I myself often use the word "ecological" to indicate the essentially interdependent approach to educational policy-making that is characteristic of the humanistic perspective. A basic assumption underlying the humanistic approach to accountability is that most of us, and an increasing majority, are going to have to live, work, and be effective as members of systems, organizations, institutions, bureaucracies of one kind or another. Too much of our educational practice, and our teacher training, is appropriate to educating people to live a sort of Walden-like existence. This might have been helpful in an era of lone cowboys, isolated wagons crossing the prairies, or bareknuckled entrepreneurs. But it is largely irrelevant in preparing people to work effectively for organizational change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Teachers, for example, are trained as if their working lives will be spent in an isolated classroom where they will be able to do their thing untrammeled by events outside the classroom door. But they quickly learn that their most heroic individual efforts, in terms of thorough preparation, long nights of correcting papers, and carefully nurtured relationships with students, can be nullified and mocked by school-wide or system-wide events over which they appear to have no control and whose arbitrariness debilitates them.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy of our nasal brush biopsy technique to diagnose primary ciliary dyskinesia.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective chart review at an urban children's hospital.

METHODS
We obtained medical records of all patients who underwent an endoscopic guided ciliary brush biopsy from January 2000 to June 2008. Data recorded included the procedure date, biopsy location, presence of motility on light microscopy, and whether specimen was sent for electron microscopy and those results.

RESULTS
Sixty pediatric patients between the ages of 16 months and 17.3 years with chronic sinusitis (35 males, 25 females) were identified. Three were excluded because biopsies were taken from a non nasal location. Forty-seven specimens had light microscopy evaluation only, as normal motile cilia were identified. Ten had haphazard or absent motility and required further evaluation with electron microscopy. Electron microscopy ruled out defects for three samples, was non-diagnostic for five, and the remaining two reports could not be found. Overall, in 47/57 (82%) cases, light microscopy alone ruled out primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Using both methods, there was a 91% success rate in ruling out PCD.

CONCLUSIONS
Obtaining an endoscopic biopsy with a cytosoft cytology brush (Camarillo California) from the posterior portion of the inferior turbinate gave sufficient specimen to examine for PCD. Light microscopy alone or in concert with evaluation by electron microscopy confirmed normal cilia in 91% of specimens ruling out the diagnosis of PCD. The algorithm suggested is simple and has high success in allowing the clinician to exclude the diagnosis of PCD in the patient with chronic or recurrent upper respiratory infections.


In this paper,the MODBUS protocol is introduced generally.For module of measurement and control,the extend function of MODBUS protocol is defined.The author describe implement of the protocol in detail.In the end,the C51 program code of protocol is presented.


This paper presents a preliminary feed assembly design for a new Earth science mission to be flown on a small satellite platform, recently approved by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The feed consists of a cluster of seven identical feedhorns at Ka-band fed by WR28 waveguides. Detailed RF and mechanical models are presented for both the feedhorns and the feeding waveguide runs. RF performance, including gain, insertion loss and coupling between feeds will also be discussed. Finally, details about the proposed preliminary fabrication approach will be provided, including a prototype single horn recently fabricated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).


A microstrip reflectarray is a low profile antenna consisting of an array of radiators illuminated by a feed as shown on Fig. 1. Beamforming techniques and performances have been widely studied to improve spherical wave to plane wave transformation using patches of variable sizes for instance [1,2], or stub loaded patches [3], or variable slots in ground plane [4]. These approaches are based on the same principle: having elementary antennas with identical reflection magnitude but controlled reflection phase. Any incident and reflecting configurations can be realized, limited by elementary antenna radiating performances.


To span the field of contemporary international organization requires an increasingly wide-angled lens: in addition to the vast network of the United Nations and its agencies (which has steadily expanded in number, membership, and scope), there are also institutionalized defence pacts, numerous ventures in regional political and economic co-operation (such as the European Communities (ec), the Organization of African Unity (oau), the Association of South-East Asian Nations (asean), Caricom), producers' cartels, particularly the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (opec), and associations which have taken new forms and directions such as the Organization for European Economic Cooperation/Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (oeec/oecd), the Commonwealth, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Not surprisingly, scarcely a day passes without reference in the media to one or more international conferences in


The demand for international freight movement in Europe is increasing, except in the rail mode. A key element is rail's failure to invest in advanced information technology. The development of an international information platform would allow all parties in cross-border rail freight operations to share data. The EU is funding the development of the CroBIT (Cross-Border Information Technology) project by a consortium including UIC, railway IT departments, the Fraunhofer Institute and software companies. Data provision is represented by different product elements: connectivity, visibility, alert management and reporting. With these elements, shippers could contract to provide 'door-to-door' monitoring of individual consignments. The vision for CroBIT is to automate all data input, using train status information or global positioning system (GPS). Further added value will be associated with the application of common standards. CroBIT is ready for customisation and trials are being undertaken with dedicated trains on two corridors between Italy and Finland and between Portugal and Spain.


In this work we propose a hardware implementation of a system based on pulsed neurons which is able to localize and identify sounds in the same way as the human auditory system does. Previous works presented localization results for a half-plane of 180 degrees using time-delay information from both left and right sides. In this work we extend this plane to 360 degrees, aiming one microphone to the front and the other to the back on the 360 degrees full-plane and processing the time-delay and sound pressure's difference between both channels. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method when localizing the sound source among 8 possible directions on the full-plane.


Background: Health-risk behaviours like substance use and suicidal ideation among adolescents is a widespread issue with serious health and social consequences. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to explore the relationship between substance use and suicidal ideation among the adolescents in Kerala. Gender differences in substance use and suicidal ideation among adolescents was also studied. Methods: 223 adolescents (151 males and 72 females) were selected from different higher secondary schools in Kerala and were assessed with Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) and Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS). The data were analysed using Spearman's Rank order correlation and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The results showed that substance use correlated positively with suicidal ideation with a correlation coefficient of 0.163*. Out of 223 participants, 32 students engaged in mild to moderate substance use and 10 students fell under the category of substance abuse or dependence. 75 students exhibited low suicidal ideation and 148 students had average to high suicidal ideation. Substance use was found to be more among males whereas suicidal ideation was more among females. Conclusion: Findings imply the need to reduce substance use and suicidal ideation among adolescents. Reducing the rate of substance use among adolescents can help in bringing


In this paper, we present our modification experience of making a UAV watertight and floatable. Then we present several experiments on taking pictures considering ocean monitoring in the sea near our campus. The watertight experiments are done from our school's pier. In these experiments, we repeated to start flying the UAV from the sea surface and fall it down into the water several times. Using this UAV, we tested several experiments to take pictures of wave dissipating blocks at MIHO Island where beach line erosion is critical and many blocks are arranged to prevent waves from washing the shore. We can see the shoreline very clearly from more than 200m height as a macro image and also we can inspect the blocks looking around its stacks as well as approaching near the sea surface where waves break and wave splash washes the UAV.


Australian dietary guidelines recommend increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables to reduce the risks of chronic disease including overweight and obesity (NHMRC 2013). A 2013 survey in Western Australia shows adults eat an average of 2.7 serves a day, well below the recommendation to eat at least five 75 gram standard servings of vegetables (375 grams a day) (Pollard 2015, NHMRC 2013). Surveys show that more Australians are eating meals that are prepared outside the home. A demand for convenient eating options has led to an increase in 'take-away' food sales (ABS 2008). Health authorities are recommending healthier take-away options. Meals should be lower in total and unsaturated fat and/or calories (kilo-joules) and salt, and they should be higher in vegetables (Miru 2009).


Glass-ceramics (GCs) are multiphase micro- or nano-crystalline materials produced by the controlled nucleation and crystallization of an amorphous glass through a proper heating or chemical process. Most optical applications require transparency, and this usually implies that the crystalline phase be made of nanocrystals. Transparent GCs are able to combine the advantages of all their components, glasses, and crystals. Incorporation of semiconducting, ferroelectrical, and nonlinear optical phases in glass matrices can produce very promising materials for different applications. A very important role is played by nanocrystals which are activated by luminescent species, as rare earth ions. The presence of the crystalline environment around a rare earth ion allows high absorption and emission across sections, and reduction in the nonradiative relaxations thanks to the lower phonon cut-off energy. Such materials may lead to real advances in optical amplifiers, up-conversion fibers, solid-state lasers, medical sensors, and several other devices, especially if combined with a guided-wave configuration, which allows high energy densities and efficient delivery of the transmitted optical beams. The present review article covers the properties and current state of transparent glass-ceramics for guided-wave devices, including the discussion of the preparation methods and of their spectral and luminescent properties.


A well testing tool system for isolating vertically spaced portions of a well bore and measuring well conditions such as pressure, and temperature. The system includes a wireline supported tool train and a locking sub connectible on a removable lock mandrel for releasably locking the tool train in a well bore. The tool train has a locking probe releasably connectible in the locking sub, a probe mandrel connected with the probe, an equalizing valve and shock absorber, and a gauge for measuring an operating condition in the well. The locking sub permits insertion of the probe at a low force and requires a larger force for withdrawal. The locking sub grips the probe with a force directly proportional to the pressure differential across the locking sub. The equalizing valve and shock absorber provides for pressure equalization across the tool train during handling and absorbs shock to protect the measuring device. Two forms of the valve and shock absorber are spring biased open. Another form is spring biased closed. Each form of the valve and shock absorber is a telescoping assembly having a longitudinally movable spring biased valve member in a housing and a shock absorber spring between the valve member and housing.


Detecting and classifying the occurrence of multiple class events is important in enhancing the wide-area situational awareness ability of power distribution systems. Multiple class event classification based on voltage magnitude measurement has not been largely deployed due to the inadequate elucidation between the occurrence of events and the corresponding eigenvalue perturbations in the measurement data. Herein, a detection and classification method for multiple class events in power distribution systems is proposed based on an eigenvalue fluctuation model. We first elucidated the interrelation between event occurrence and the eigenvalue fluctuations in the system voltage magnitude measurement data. Based on the discovery that different classes of events lead to their respective data eigenvalue behavior, we proposed detection criteria CSRL, CMLP1, and CMLP2 to quantitatively assess these behaviors. Since the different value changes in CSRL, CMLP1 and CMLP2 can indicate the occurrence of different classes of events, we trained and utilized a supervised classifier to achieve multiple event detection and classification. Simulation tests are performed in 7 different test feeders. Eight classes of events can be accurately detected and classified with only voltage magnitude measurement data. An 80% correct detection rate can be obtained with only a 20% measurement device penetration rate.


Causes of slump damage at opening block of No.2 tailwater tunnel of Tai'an pumped-storage power station are analyzed in detail. It is pointed out that the main cause is blasting vibration. There by ,the plasting parameters are selected precisely and carefully. Meanwhile, some necessary vein forcing measures are adopted so as to eliminate the incipient slump damage. The practice shows it is effective.


Simple Summary Improving nutrient use on dairy farms is closely linked to manure deposition, collection and use. Nutrients excreted daily on each one of five visits over a year were calculated based on the energy requirements of grazing lactating cows and information about diets fed to herds on 43 diverse Australian farms. Cows on larger farms, from bigger herds and producing greater milk volumes excreted the most nutrients. Over a year, dairy herds excreted 24, 4, 20, 3, 5 and 3 t of N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg, respectively, which was up to 66% of most nutrients imported onto farms. Excreted nutrients were allocated to paddocks, dairy shed, yards, feed pads, holding areas and laneways depending on the time the herds spent in these places, with the most deposited in paddocks and the least in dairy sheds. Better collection of nutrients excreted in feed pads and holding areas would reduce nutrient losses by almost a third. The nutrients excreted in paddocks were similar to fertiliser P, and often greater than the fertiliser N, K and Mg applied. However, excretion in paddocks was not uniform, with most nutrients deposited in paddocks closest to the dairy shed. Australian nutrient management tools need to account for excreted nutrients to support identification of on-farm nutrient management opportunities. Abstract Improving nutrient management in grazing system dairy farms requires determining nutrient flows through animals, the placement of cows within farms and potential for collection, and the re-use and loss of nutrients. We applied a model incorporating data collected at a range of temporal and spatial scales to quantify nutrient excretion in all locations that lactating herds visited on five days over a year on 43 conventional and organic grazing system dairy farms. The calculated nutrient loads excreted by cows in different places were highly skewed; while N, P and K deposited loads were consistent across the year, S, Ca and Mg loads varied between sampling times and seasons. The greatest mean and range in nutrient loads were deposited in paddocks, with the smallest amounts deposited in dairy sheds. All excreted nutrient loads increased with farm and herd sizes and milk production. Mean daily loads of 112, 15, 85, 11, 22 and 13 kg of N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg were deposited by the herds which, when standardised to a 305-day lactation, amounted to 24, 4, 20, 3, 5 and 3 t excreted annually, respectively. In addition to routine manure collection in dairy sheds, ensuring collection and recycling of nutrients excreted on feed pads and holding areas would decrease potential nutrient losses by 29% on average. Non-collected, recycled nutrients were disproportionately returned to paddocks in which cows spent time overnight, and except for S and Ca, nutrient loading rates were greater than rates applied as fertilisers. These data demonstrate the extent of excreted nutrients in grazing dairy systems and indicate the need to account for these nutrients in nutrient management plans for Australian dairy farms. We propose incorporating excretion data in current budgeting tools using data currently collected on most Australian grazing system dairy farms.


Abstract : The mechanism of the phenomena which arise in a solid as a result of cyclic heat treatment with rapid changes in temperature was studied. The conductivity of graphite with and without impregnated bakelite was measured to evaluate the thermal stability of the materials during heat treatment. It was confirmed experimentally that during cyclic heat treatment, the internal stresses associated with temperature variations caused a decrease in the contact surface. Compressive stresses associated with minute cavities in solids containing dispersed particles decreased electrical resistance and increased the contact surface. The thermal stability of a solid is determined by the properties, size, and shape of the material. Surface films can increase the thermal stability of a solid.


ABSTRACT This article is based on a socio-cultural discourse model of literacy, whereby literacy events are regarded as being situated within social practices, creating various formal, informal, and non-formal literacy events that are part of multiliteracies. The aim of the research was to analyze primary pupils' literacy practices (8–12 years) from the perspectives of 1,354 primary pupils, 1,020 family members, and 96 teachers in Costa Rica, using an ex-post facto design and a survey method. The findings indicate that the three groups of participants (pupils, family members, and teachers) have different views on and conceptualizations of literacy practices in school and in the community. The results show that young learners develop their literacy practices according to their different communicative needs inside and outside school. A multimodal literacy is promoted outside school to meet students' daily communicative needs. However, the school promotes a monomodal literacy, which allows pupils to respond essentially to school needs.


Since its establishment, the Department of Energy`s Office of Health and Environmental Research (OHER) has had responsibility for conducting biological research to develop the knowledge needed to identify, understand, and anticipate the long-term health consequences of energy use and development, including the potential health impacts of radiation. The Health Effects Research Program has established the basis for understanding the health consequences of radiation for humans, developed radiation dosimetry methodology, characterized and evaluated the health impacts of fossil fuels, and developed and conducted research to determine the health impacts of inhaled toxicants. The results of this research have provided input for setting genetic standards for radiation and chemical exposure.