The elaboration and systematization of historical GDP series and its components have an important field of study over the last decades (CEPAL 2009, Smits et.al. 2009, Timmery De Vries 2007). There have been an increasing interest in the comparison of economic development region and important efforts have been made to construct long run national accounts. In Uruguay, the System of National Accounts began in 1955, and for the previous period we count on historical estimations based on different methodologies and coverage. Several factors, such a new base year for 2005, the availability of welfare indicators and the necessity to count on good measures of the economic performance, have motivated us to do a review of historical estimation and the methods, in order to construct consistent series. The general objective of this paper is, therefore, to estimate a homogeneous and consisten long run GDP series for Uruguay (1870-2011), in nominal and real terms, considering total GDP, per capita and sectorial composition. We present a review of the available historical estimation of GDP and its sectorial components, proposing different scenarios. We validate our results by comparing Uruguayan's performance to other countries and assessing its consistency with the historical context. Finally, we present a long run overview of the Uruguayan GDP and GDP per capita describing its growth rates and volatility according to the different "development models".


The article proposes a methodology for the definition of the economic value of cultural heritage, for the purpose of the quantification of this particular capital in the budgets of the states. The proposal provides a mixed redditual-capital method


Characterizing different pathological states in the cellular level with a high throughput diagnostic tool is one of the main interests today. In previously works, we demonstrated how the frequency domain (FD) fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) technique could be utilized to implement that in variety of examples. Among them was to classify between different chromosomal abnormalities in patients with b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and between metastatic cells and inflammation cells in the cerebral spinal fluid of patients with Medulloblastoma. This research describes the use of FD-FLIM system to differentiate between patients diagnosed without any disease (controls) that showed a normal median FLT (2.65±0.11ns) and patients diagnosed with inflammation (viruses and bacteria) that showed a prolong median FLT and a larger distribution (3.18±0.44ns in viruses and 3.28±0.45ns). The study group of this research included 43 samples divided into 4 groups: 9 samples diagnosed with different types of bacteria, 16 samples diagnosed with different types of viruses, 12 samples diagnosed with no any bacteria or virus and 5 samples diagnosed without any disease that served as controls. Furthermore, we studied a group of patients without detection of inflammation that were sick. We found that this group was divided into two groups; one group had the same median FLT as the controls, and the other group had the same median FLT as the inflammatory patients. As a result, we believe the FD-FLIM system can suggest a faster and more accurate diagnostic technique than the methods used today. The correlations of the FLT distribution pattern with the different groups are presented.


Providing an efficient anonymous authentication scheme in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with low computational cost is a challenging issue. Even though, there are some existing schemes to provide anonymous authentication, the existing schemes suffer from high computational cost in the certificate and the signature verification process, which leads to high message loss. Therefore, they fail to meet the necessity of verifying hundreds of messages per second in VANETs. In our scheme, we propose an efficient anonymous authentication scheme to avoid malicious vehicles entering into the VANET. In addition, the proposed scheme offers a conditional tracking mechanism to trace the vehicles or roadside units that abuse the VANET. As a result, our scheme revokes the privacy of misbehaving vehicles to provide conditional privacy in a computationally efficient way through which the VANET entities will be anonymous to each other until they are revoked from the VANET system. Moreover, the proposed scheme is implemented and the performance analysis shows that our scheme is computationally efficient with respect to the certificate and the signature verification process by keeping conditional privacy in VANETs.


A survey based mainly on the Institute of Gas Technology's research on the conversion of living (biomass) and waste organic materials to high-Btu SNG covers the potential fuel production from biomass, including land and water plants; the location of plants to produce the SNG; the available gasification processes, including pyrolysis, hydrogasification, and anaerobic digestion; bioconversion work at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT); the IGT BIOGAS process, based on the anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes and sewage sludge; the gasification of agricultural (especially feedlot) wastes; and biomass gasification.


We present a k⋅p theory of semiconductor superlattices in an applied magnetic field. We consider superlattices with a [001] growth axis and the magnetic field along the growth axis. A single-basis set for the constituent materials is provided by a zone-center pseudopotential calculation with a reference Hamiltonian. The Γ15 valence and Γ1 conduction states are coupled with a spinor and treated explicitly. Nearby energy states are treated in Lowdin perturbation theory with the k⋅p operator and the difference between the material pseudopotential and the reference pseudopotential as the perturbation. The calculation is carried out consistently to first order in wave functions and second order in energies. Magnetic, exchange (in semimagnetic materials), spin-orbit, and strain (in strained-layer superlattices) interactions are included between the explicitly included states. When inversion-asymmetry and warping terms are dropped in the Hamiltonian, a Landau index becomes a good quantum number. Bloch and evanescent states are computed for a fixed Landau index in each material. Interface matching of the constituent-material bulk eigenfunctions is accomplished with use of results derived for the normal component of the current density operator. The Landau indices are not mixed by the interface matching. Superlattice translational symmetry is used to derive an eigenvalue equation for the superlattice wave vectors and eigenfunctions. The numerical implementation of the formal results is described and used to investigate a nonmagnetic superlattice Ga0.47In0.53As/Al0.48In0.52As and a semimagnetic superlattice Hg0.95Mn0.05Te/Cd0.78Mn0.22Te.


During 1979 and the early part of 1980 the Government of Libya was engaged in a review of the state of social and economic development of the country with a view to preparing a long-range strategy to the year 2000. The exercise involved assessment of the position in 1979 and examination of alternative courses of economic change for the country as a whole and for its constituent regions. While this was far from being a first essay in economic and social planning, it represented a new time horizon (twenty rather than five years) and a rather different approach from previous proposals. In particular, it had become apparent from 1980 that Libyan oil reserves, when set against probable production to reserves ratios for the 1980-2000 period, would be fast depleting by the turn of the century. The last two decades of the twentieth century could be the last years in which Libya could lay the basis for economic survival while still comparatively wealthy from the proceeds of bulk oil exports. This short article will set out to discuss the resource base of the al Khalij area which was the source of the largest part of Libyan crude oil and natural gas supply and which might be expected to be the region on which Libyan prosperity might be founded in the post-oil era.


The article covers the theoretical and philosophical foundations of the professional subjectivity of a future elementary school specialist. Recently, the world of pedagogical thought has become increasingly focused on how to construct the educational process so that it brings a sense of happiness to all its participants. It is considered to be a new philosophy of management in general, though its origins are in ancient Greek sources, which state that only a happy life matters and values. It has been found out that the professional subjectivity of elementary school teachers is a significant professionally significant quality of personality, which provides purposeful and optimal realization of their mental, personal resources for solving professional and life tasks, which is manifested in the desire for self-determination, self-determination and self-determination. self-improvement in professional activity. The structure of this phenomenon is shown. Professional subjectivity of elementary school teachers is a significant professional quality of personality, which provides a purposeful and optimal realization of their mental, personal resources for solving professional and life tasks, which manifests itself in the pursuit of self-determination, self-determination and self-determination


This paper surveys recent developments and provides Monte Carlo comparison on various tests proposed forcointegration in panel data. In particular, tests for two panel models, varying intercepts and varying slopes, and varying intercepts and common slopes are presented from the literature with a total of seven tests being simulated. In all cases, results on empirical size and size-adjusted power are given.


This report presents the results of an economic evaluation produced as part of the Innovative Clean Coal Technology project, which demonstrated selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for reduction of NO{sub x} emissions from utility boilers burning U.S. high-sulfur coal. The document includes a commercial-scale capital and O&M cost evaluation of SCR technology applied to a new facility, coal-fired boiler utilizing high-sulfur U.S. coal. The base case presented herein determines the total capital requirement, fixed and variable operating costs, and levelized costs for a new 250-MW pulverized coal utility boiler operating with a 60-percent NO{sub x} removal. Sensitivity evaluations are included to demonstrate the variation in cost due to changes in process variables and assumptions. This report also presents the results of a study completed by SCS to determine the cost and technical feasibility of retrofitting SCR technology to selected coal-fired generating units within the Southern electric system.


FIELD: industrial organic synthesis. SUBSTANCE: mixtures of 4,4'- and 2,4'-isomers of aromatic polyamines of general formula: , where A and B denote phenylene radicals having 1,4-substituents independent from each other and selected from (C1- C20)-alkyl radicals and halogen atoms, with elevated content of 4,4'-isomers are obtained by reaction of o- toluidine with formaldehyde or its precursor at 130-170 C in presence of heterogeneous interaction catalyst selected from group comprising (i) one or several oxides of group 3-10 elements excepting vanadium oxides, which can be acid activated; (ii) if necessary, acid-activated clay doped by impregnation or ion-exchange with at least one group 2-13 elements; and (iii) one or several optionally acid activated stratified silicates with acidity below pK a = 1.5. EFFECT: increased selectivity of reaction. 6 cl, 6 tbl, 14 ex


Bio-inspired walking hexapod robots are a relatively young branch in robotics in both state of the art and applications. Despite their high degree of flexibility and adaptability derived by their redundant design, the research field that compliments their abilities is still very lacking. In this paper will be proposed state-of-the-art hexapod robot specific control architecture that allows for full control over robot speed, body orientation and walk gait type to employ. Furthermore terrain interaction will be deeply investigated, leading to the development of a terrain-adapting control algorithm that will allow the robot to react swiftly to terrain shape and asperities such as non-linearities and non-continuity within the workspace. It will be presented a dynamic model derived from the interpretation of the hexapod movement to be comparable to these of the base-platform PKM machines, and said model will be validated through Matlab SimMechanicsTM physics simulation. A feed-back control system able to recognize leg-terrain touch and react accordingly to assure movement stability will then be developed. Finally results coming from an experimental campaign based of the PhantomX AX Metal Hexapod Mark II robotic platform by Trossen RoboticsTM is reported.


Americans have always been on the move, physically and spiritually. We have been a messianic and nomadic people from the time of our origins in self-elected saints and unashamed smugglers. Yet in the past our hopes for the future were rarely mixed with terrible doubts about the present. Today this is no longer true. We are a troubled people and our youth are at once the incarnation and the origin of much of what troubles us. Phrases such as "the youth culture" and "the generation gap" are on everyone's lips, whether one views the alleged differences between the generations with approval, dismay or skepticism. The number-one best seller in non-fiction over most of the last year has been Yale law professor Charles Reich's, The Greening of America. Despite the general rancor of the critics, and judging from the book's sales, his thesis that the young are the bearers of a revolution in consciousness which will transform our institutions and lead us out of the swamp of alienation seems to strike a responsive chord among the reading public. At least they seem to feel that something is going on that they had better try to understand. Some of his most vitriolic critics have attacked Reich for ignoring Marx's contention that changes in institutions produce changes in consciousness rather than the other way around. I do not intend to get ivolved in this argument except to express my conviction that both institutions and values affect human behavior and experience and that experience and behavior affect institutions and values. Values are embodied in institutions while institutions themselves generate and transmit values. There is a tendency for cultures, just as for individual personalities, to strive for integration and coherence. A revolution in consciousness will tend to produce a revolution in institutions just as a change in institutions will tend to create a new consciousness. But what causes a system to lose its relative integration and coherence? What creates the radical disharmony or


Multi-language speech datasets are scarce and often have small sample sizes in the medical domain. Robust transfer of linguistic features across languages could improve rates of early diagnosis and therapy for speakers of low-resource languages when detecting health conditions from speech. We utilize out-of-domain, unpaired, single-speaker, healthy speech data for training multiple Optimal Transport (OT) domain adaptation systems. We learn mappings from other languages to English and detect aphasia from linguistic characteristics of speech, and show that OT domain adaptation improves aphasia detection over unilingual baselines for French (6% increased F1) and Mandarin (5% increased F1). Further, we show that adding aphasic data to the domain adaptation system significantly increases performance for both French and Mandarin, increasing the F1 scores further (10% and 8% increase in F1 scores for French and Mandarin, respectively, over unilingual baselines).


Students of MTs Alhayatul Islamiyah had problems in their learning of reading comprehension. It was found that the students were confused to answer the question based on the text given because they did not know how to answer them as they spent too much time only to find the answers. They were passive in reading activity process and they were not motivated in reading materials. This study used collaborative Classroom Action Research Design (CAR). The instruments used to collect the data were; observation checklist, field note and reading comprehension test. There were 2 cycles with the total of 5 meetings. The first cycle consits two meetings and for the second cycle consits three meetings. This research was implemented on June until July in 2016. QARcan be effective strategy for teaching reading comprehension by implementing the following activities: showing the topic, activating the the background knowledge, explaining the Question Answer Relationship (QARs), deviding the class group into group, reading the text, providing the table of QARs, answering the questions based on the levels of questions, exchanging the questions to another group, determining the correct answer with the whole group, collecting the students' task, and giving feedback. In delivering of the text consists of three steps, they are modeling, guiding, and practicing. The findings of the implementation of QAR Strategy to teaching of reading shows that QARs is effective. It is suggested that English teachers utilize QAR Strategy as one alternative solution in improving students reading comprehension skill. Keywords : improving, reading comprehension, QAR strategy


The dynamics of a stochastic neural model with excitatory connections is investigated. The exponential fast synchronization of firings is proved.<<ETX>>


Prior research has suggested an association between increased musical training and extra-musical outcomes, but these studies are primarily correlational, focused on instrumental music, and provide limited information about the type of musical intervention. In the current study, we perform the first randomized controlled study investigating whether more time in general music in kindergarten results in better executive functioning, self-perception, and attitudes towards school. Control students received an average of


The present invention provides a marking system, to enable a unique marking methods and product use of such a marking system, to provide a marker which allows for the marking of detected as a result. In particular, the present invention may each have a plurality of different DNA fragments types, including DNA fragments of different lengths, taking samples of DNA fragment types in order to determine the uniqueness of the marker product, amplification, analysis have a way to, to provide a marking system.


Provided are a method for inactivating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and stabilizing RSV pre-F protein, and inactivated RSV obtained by the method. Also provided are a method for preparing an immunogenic composition containing a pre-F protein, and an immunogenic composition obtained by the method. Also provided are applications of the inactivated RSV and the immunogenic composition.


Seven kinds of lanthanocene complexes were prepared by the reaction of tridentate Schiff base { N-(2-methoxyphenyI)sali-cylideneamine) with tris(cyclopentadienyl)lanthanide tetrahy-drofuranate or bis( cyclopentadienyl) lanthanide chloride te-trahydrofuranate in THF.All the complexes were characterized by MS,EA and IR respectively.The structure of {Cp2LnC14H13NO2) Ln=Sm,Dy,Y,Er} (1-4) was further confirmed by X-ray determination of Cp2Sm(C14H13NO2) (1) which indicates that the complex is monomeric in which central metal is coordinatively saturated by two cyclopentadienyl rings,two oxygens and one nitrogen of the ligand.The i-somerization of 1,5-hexadiene explains that complexes (1-4) isomerize this monomer into a mixture of 1,4-hexadiene,2,4-hexadiene,1,3-hexadiene,methylenecydopentane and methyl -cydopentene.Similarly complexes {CpLn(Cl)C14 H13NO2) (THF) (Ln=Sm,Dy,Y,Er)} (5-7) polymerize methyl-methacrylate (MMA.) to give polyMMA (PMMA) in 51.8% yield and high molecular weight (274×103),which shows nar


ABSTRACT As of 2017, Spain is facing the greatest challenge to its post-Franco unity as Catalonia prepares to unilaterally declare independence in spite of a constitutional ban. The crisis of European sovereignty due to state–region antagonisms emerges forcefully in culture. A key domain for the contestation of power relationships is mockery and joking through the use of animal imagery. In particular, the jeering of the Spanish sovereign and the national anthem at football games catalyses spectacular debates over state–region relations, the freedom of expression, and the formation of political communities. The anthropological study of joking relationships in western urban societies helps problematise the concept of sovereignty and domination, vindicate the liberating and democratising potential of mockery, and identify some of their carnival spheres. Joking relationships cultivate a culture of resistance and have community making potential as they draw antagonistic parties into the kernel of a relationship.


Since we first reported the antitumor efficacy of IL-27 in 2004, accumulating evidence obtained by several groups using a variety of preclinical mouse models indicates that IL-27 possesses potent antitumor activity against various types of tumors through multiple mechanisms depending on the characteristics of individual tumors without apparent adverse effects.


Background The literature reviews show that taking care of dying newborns for a nurse is associated with stress and anxiety, and nurses will be faced with many challenges, the present study aimed to explain the spiritual challenges experienced by nurses in neonatal end of life in the NICU. Materials and Methods The present study was conducted with a qualitative method and "purposive" sampling. The study environment was NICU in the hospitals of Zahedan, Iran. Semi-structured interviews used for interview and data collection. A number of 24 participants with inclusion criteria were interviewed. Qualitative content analysis method was used with the conventional approach and inductive method with Graneheim and Lundman approach. Results Data analysis explored were categorized in three main themes: spiritual challenge of neonatal care with two-categories (palliative care, and care with love and affection); psychological / spiritual support challenges of family with two categories (spiritual support of family, psychological support of family), and nurses' spiritual distress with one category (nurse's trauma in neonatal care). Conclusion In this study three themes were obtained: 1- Spiritual challenge of neonatal care with two-categories (palliative care, and care with love and affection); 2- Psychological / spiritual support challenges of family with two categories (spiritual support of family, psychological support of family), and 3- The nurses' spiritual distress with one category (nurse's trauma in neonatal care).


To predict the full-scale aerodynamics of a combat aircraft performing high-alpha maneuvers requires the combined usage of experimental and theoretical tools. The preferred experimental tool is the rotary rig because it provides simulation of one important component of advanced maneuvers, i.e., the velocity vector roll. The present paper analyzes the results obtained in the recently completed investigation by AGARD FDP Working Group 16. Anomalous results are obtained when attempting to simulate high-Reynolds-number rotary characteristics in subscale tests using boundary-layer trips alone or in combination with forebody strakes


became successful workers. Some early Kainai entrepreneurs such as Prairie Chicken earned an independent contract to produce beets in ten-acre off-reserve plots. Apart from documenting these labour activities, Regular examines the Kainai as consumers. The income from agriculture and the Treaty 7 annuities were the main source of the Kainai's purchasing power. Local non-Native merchants gave the Kainai credit in the hope of getting paid back soon after annuity payment day. However, things did not unfold as the merchants expected, and debts often remained unpaid for years. In his conclusion, Regular imaginatively claims that the 'shopping spree' the Kainai engaged in after receiving treaty payments was akin to the buffalo hunt. Now the general store replaced the hunt, and beef from the store replaced buffalo meat. 'True, whites largely drove the economy,' Regular contends, but the Kainai successfully responded to changes in it (173). Overall, Regular reveals some interesting strategies the Kainai developed for coping with economic change, but he does so largely through the eyes of the Indian agent. In fact, he defends the Indian agent's roles as having been genuinely benevolent. This perspective often leads Regular to misinterpret Kainai behaviour. For example, he claims that the Kainai abandoned the backbreaking labour in the sugar beet fields at treaty payment time because the treaty annuity gave cash to the Kainai 'free for the taking' (112). The Kainai and other Treaty 7 signatory nations considered treaty payment as far more politically and culturally significant than getting cash. The reader also needs to know that the term networks, which Regular uses for the title of this book without providing discussion or definition, is actually a very important term to describe the relationship between the Kainai and surrounding people, including the Piikani and Siksika, their traditional partners. These networks await documentation in future studies. kenichi matsui University of Tsukuba


Due to the solid cores, eddy currents have significant influence on the dynamic performance of permanent magnet biased axial magnetic bearing (MB) with multiple air gaps. In this paper, the dynamic current factor is identified as a 3rd-order transfer function while the dynamic displacement factor is identified as a 2nd-order transfer function based on the results obtained by the finite element method (FEM), and the model uncertainty is determined by the closed-loop system test. The method of designing mixed-sensitivity H∞ controller for the axial MB is analyzed. The designed H∞ controller is proved to be effective by the experimental results. It has higher steady-state accuracy and much better high-frequency noise attenuation capability than the PID controller.


We survey the impact of product data quality within an extended enterprise framework and present a linguistic model, which focuses on three levels: morphological, syntactic, and semantic.


Globally, schools continue to face ongoing reductions in budgetary allocations, increase in student numbers, performativity pressures and high stakes accountability. Like it or not, schools/ school leaders are operating in rapidly changing national educational policy contexts that are demanding more from less and a much greater contribution to national economic development – leaving some commentators and school leaders alike to suggest that schools are being reoriented towards national economic development and less towards social transformation, a fundamental aim of education as set out in the United Nations convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). This widening dichotomy is the site for several tensions occasioned by the approach to educational policymaking, and the policy apparatus of national governments, played out in schools, where school leaders are caught between implementing government policy, delivering an education to students that equips them to reap the espoused benefits of education, and keeping staff engaged and motivated. How do school leaders lead for social justice in contexts where educational policy appear out of sync with social justice principles? How do school leaders lead in contexts where the good of the national 'community' appears to supersede the good of local communities and individuals? This paper examines the dichotomy of school leadership, brought about and sustained by national political actions which, although professing to 'futures' orientated, appears in conflict with quality school leadership and outcomes consistent with social justice.


On January 17, 2006 the U.S. Supreme Court by a vote of 6 to 3 upheld the State of Oregon's right to allow its citizens to choose death by suicide rather than continue suffering with end stage disease. i Had the court ruled the other way it would have effectively nullified Oregon's 1994 Death with Dignity Act, which for nearly twelve years has allowed doctors to prescribe controlled substances, for the purpose of ending life, to those patients requesting them who have been certified by two physicians as psychologically unimpaired and having less than six months to live. ii From 1997 to 2004 there have been 208 physician-assisted suicides in Oregon. iii The ethical controversy invited by legally allowing physician assisted suicide is a familiar and complex one in which personal rights, states' rights, professional obligation, and the federal government's sense of global obligation to protect human life come into conflict. The U.S. Attorney's office has recently argued that, under the 1971 Controlled Substances Act, they can and should limit the use of drugs that have no "legitimate medical purpose " and can take action against physicians who use controlled substances for " illegitimate purposes " as defined by law. Current law and DEA regulations already acknowledge that the prescribing of narcotic medication is appropriate in the treatment of pain, and that there is no intent to limit a physician's prescribing for intractable pain, even if the use of such substances may increase the risk of death. iv Under current federal law, according to the U.S. attorney General, the professional use of controlled substances to relieve suffering through assisted suicide becomes a felony punishable by imprisonment, substantial monetary fine, and loss of licensure. Physicians (in Oregon) who assist patients to die in this way place their sense of professional obligation to help suffering patients in conflict with what society (or at least what the law of the land) claims is a physician's legal obligation to use controlled substances responsibly, which means to not purposefully take life, even if for beneficent purposes. The ethical and legal question rests on the arguable difference between passive and active euthanasia. Passive euthanasia is the compassionate and voluntary withholding or withdrawing of medical treatment for or by a patient who is dying. A right of refusal has been generally accepted both ethically and legally as standards of medical practice, especially when the patient is suffering …


This paper deals with the impact of recommendations in the Carnegie report ("A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century") on administration in schools. The Carnegie report gives a bold new outline for improving teachers' roles in the schools by greatly strengthening their decision-making role and advocating a much more decentralized school organization. This paper presents a discourse on several critical issues that will be necessary to consider as the Carnegie report becomes a workable model. A major focus of this report is "empowering teachers" to have a greater decision-making role in schools. This paper discusses the importance of restructuring schools and attempts to analyze the changes necessary by categorizing the change at three levels of education: schools, school districts, and the state. Several administrative task areas are analyzed at each of these levels: management, fiscal, legal, and curriculum. A final section discusses issues in the training of future administrators. Appended are 18 references. (SI) ********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** THE SECOND WAVE OF EDUCATIONAL REFORM: IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL LEADERSHIP, ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANIZATION by John A. Thompson Professor, Department of Educational Administration University of Hawaii Working Paper No. EC-86-1


Web service composition has quickly become a key area of research in the services oriented architecture community. One of the challenges in composition is the existence of heterogeneities across independently created and autonomously managed Web service requesters and Web service providers. Previous work in this area either involved significant human effort or in cases of the efforts seeking to provide largely automated approaches, overlooked the problem of data heterogeneities, resulting in partial solutions that would not support executable workflow for real-world problems. In this paper, we present a planning-based approach to solve both the process heterogeneity and data heterogeneity problems. Our system successfully outputs an executable BPEL file which correctly solves non-trivial real-world process specifications outlind in the 2006 SWS Challenge.


Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) enrichment technology refers to medical approaches for capturing and isolating target tumor cells, which has drawn great attention owing to its applications in the clinic such as cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as an important platform for CTCs capture and isolation. However, due to the inert surface nature, the molecular phenotype analysis of CTCs and identification sensitivity remain a huge challenge. Herein, an ultrasound‐activated microfluidic method is presented for rapid basic modification of magnetic nanoparticles, laying the foundation for further covalently binding of functional groups to capture CTCs. In this work, Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles obtained from microfluidics are hybridized with folic acid for the capture and isolation of CTCs with folate receptors such as Hela cells. The usage of microfluidic technology to upgrade Fe3O4 nanoparticles provides the possibility for improving the detective efficiency of rare cells associated with malignancies, which sheds new light on future clinical applications.


One hundred forty-four crossbred steers (850 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of physical form and level of average (15% CP) quality alfalfa on performance and carcass traits. Alfalfa hay had been harvested from a common field and alternate bales were either chopped (3 to 4 in. length) or ground and pelleted (3/8 in. pellet). No interactions between alfalfa form and level were detected. Daily gain, daily intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits were similar for steers fed both alfalfa forms. Steers fed 10% alfalfa consumed 7.2% more feed (P<.03) than those fed 5%. Steers fed 5% alfalfa had marginally improved feed efficiencies, whereas those fed 10% had somewhat greater daily gains. Carcass traits were not affected by level of alfalfa. The incidence and severity of liver abscesses were greater (P<.05) for steers fed 5% alfalfa, indicative of a higher degree of acidosis than for steers fed 10% alfalfa.


Public reporting Durdao for thi« coitoction o* witomwuon « vslimaied to avarag* 1 hour p«c rosponsa, including m« tim« tor rw conwtatinq and rwviawing th» collection oi intormation. Send comment* regarding thia burden estimate or any ottier as| Headquarters Services, directorate for intormalion Operations and Reports. 1215 JeHeraoo Davis Highway. Suits 1204. Arttt (070-i-OI 88). Washington. DC 20503. a data needed. anT^ den to Washington iK Reductions Project


The acid hydrolysis of 3-hydrazino-5,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazine, 3,5-dihydrazino-6-substituted-1,2,4-triazine, and 2-hydrazinopyrimidine derivatives was studied. It was found that the reaction proceeded through the formation of 3-keto and 3,5-diketo derivatives of the related 2,3-dihydro, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazines, and 2-keto derivatives of 1,2-dihydropyrimidines. It was concluded from these reactions that in 1,2,4-triazine derivatives the C-5 carbon is more reactive than the C-3 carbon toward nucleophiles. The reaction mechanism is discussed.


The authors traveled to Lome Togo during April 14-18 1998 to help conduct the final phase of adapting the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) approach. Approximately 50 people including representatives from the Ministry of Health and the University School of Medicine and Pharmacy participated in a mid-term follow-up workshop involving the development of national consensus upon the adaptation of generic IMCI materials. Upon its return from Niger the Togo team decided to establish a new technical group and use materials from Niger rather than generic World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF materials in a bid to speed the process. Groups presented the results of their activities for discussion. Discussions held with the technical group following the workshop were drawn from Togo's experience adapting the strategy. There was insufficient information exchange and communication between the new technical group and the technical committee. Workshop recommendations included finalizing other field research field-testing the management of children 0-7 days old and incorporating findings in the chart and modules as adaptations. People met during the visit activity schedule and participant list are presented as annexes.


Consider a 3m factorial experiment where the 3 levels of each factor are denoted by -1, 0 and 1. Every treatment combination in such an experiment can be represented by an m-dimensional vector with elements -1, 0 and 1. Every treatment combination may be called a design point. The orthogonal main effect plans for symmetrical factorial experiments involving (sn l)/(s 1) factors, each having s levels, with Sn design points are given by Addelman [1] and for experiments involving {2(sn 1)/(s 1) 1} factors, each having s levels, with 2s" design points are given by Addelman and Kempthrone [2]. In both these cases s is taken to be a prime or a prime power. Thus for a symmetrical factorial experiment where each factor has 3 levels, orthogonal main effect plans are available involving 4, 7, 13, 25 etc., factors. When an orthogonal main effect plan is not available for a particular number of factors, say m, we select an orthogonal main effect plan where the number of factors involved is greater than m and omit the components in each treatment combination corresponding to the additional factors. When there is a large difference between the number of factors, m, and the next largest number in either of the series (31 1)/2 or 3m 2, where n = 2, 3, . . ., the cost of taking each observation may, at times, prohibit the selection of an orthogonal plan of the type described. If we relax the condition that all main effects should be orthogonal, and impose the weaker conditions that


where we have discovered in recent years two purple salamander stations that may be said to abound in them. One spot is where a large series of clear springs break out of a side hill to form a stream, and the other is a series of high mountain rivulets which are small ravines or nearly so. The species occurs in most of our single springs and larger ravines but its distribution is more diffuse and not so concentrated as in these


The application of the novel antialcoholic drug Medichronal mainly results in normalization of dyscatecholaminemias, by lowering or elevating noradrenaline or adrenaline levels. This effect is similar to that produced by unitiol that is conventionally used in nacrological care. The changes in catecholamine levels occur in various dyscatecholaminemias characterized by a high or low excretion of biogenic monoamines. Before and after therapy, in some patients, the concentrations of catecholamines do not differ from those in healthy persons.


Students and teachers in the world of education after No Child Left Behind (2001) have felt the pressure of increased expectations, while many states have felt the frustration of decreased funding. Increased class sizes have forced teachers to look at alternative ways of teaching. While retention of knowledge is hopefully at the forefront of the teacher's goals, motivation of students should also be a goal. The purpose of this paper is to examine the motivations of teachers and students, retention effectiveness of various teaching methods, and a variety of methods that support an inquiry-based classroom. Students and teachers deserve to coexist in an environment that fosters collaboration, while also still creating an environment that motivates students to learn. INQUIRY-BASED APPROACHES IN THE SECONDARY MATHEMATICS CLASSROOM!


When a halogen X2 is photolyzed in the presence of CF3CHO in the vapour phase, the products are CO, CF3X, CF3COX and HX, provided that X2= Br2 or Cl2. Quantitative analyses of the products in the range 25–250°C indicate that the overall reactions are [graphic omitted] These are most readily explained by the reactions, X+CF3CHO →HX+CF3CO CF3CO+X2→CF3COX+X (6) CF3CO →CF3+CO. (7) Assuming that this mechanism is correct, we obtain, k7/k6,Br2=(11.4 ± 3.0)× 10–3 exp [–(8,800 ± 200)/RT], k7/k6,Cl2=(6.3 ± 0.8)× 10–3 exp [–(6,500 ± 100)/RT], mole cm–3. It is estimated that E7 10 kcal mole–1 and A7⩽2.6×1010 sec–1. Comparisons are made of the reactivities of CF3CO and CF3 radicals and of the stabilities of the CF3CO and CH3CO radicals. The relevance of the results to the primary act in the photolysis of hexafluoroacetone is discussed. No reaction occurred between CF3CHO and I2 under a variety of conditions.


We study a rational matroid invariant, obtained as the tropicalization of the Feynman period integral. It equals the volume of the polar of the matroid polytope and we give efficient formulas for its computation. This invariant is proven to respect all known identities of Feynman integrals for graphs. We observe a strong correlation between the tropical and transcendental integrals, which yields a method to approximate unknown Feynman periods.


Catholic Social Teaching in Latin America—portrayed in the documents of the Conference of Latin American Episcopal Conferences (Río, Medellín, Puebla, Santo Domingo, and Aparecida)—seeks to provide pastoral orientations to the social problems of the subcontinent, analyzing reality from a concrete theological perspective: the perspective of the poor. This article analyzes how Latin American problems and the way to diagnose them also appear in the pontifical documents of Pope Francis, especially in Evangelii Gaudium and Laudato Si', applied to the world context. We conclude that the perspective of Latin American theology continues to be valid and relevant for the faithful throughout the world.


Findings of increased engagement and preference for XR learning are well-established. However, there are concerns that the high sense of presence that virtual reality can engender may increase cognitive load and actually decrement learning outcomes [16]. Recent research has highlighted the importance of understanding the contributions of embodiment to learning in virtual reality [13]. In this paper, we analyze previously unpublished secondary data of participant interactions, movements, and presence ratings to investigate how user behavior may predict learning in embodied, immersive virtual environments, and how this can guide the development of broadly useful XR interventions. We find that increased global movement predicts higher post-test scores, but more embodied interactions (i.e., dragging the Moon using hand gestures rather than button presses) do not improve learning. Rather, actions linked to greater familiarity with video game play predict greater learning of the subject matter.


Integrated the current status of surveying and mapping organization with the modern project management ideas,this paper put forward some suggestions on the inside management issue of surveying and mapping organization.


Simple Summary The major signaling pathways in colon cancer are WNT, RAS, and TGF-β. Components of these pathways are mutated in the majority of colon cancers, resulting in aberrantly high or low activity of the pathway. The functional consequences of the mutations reflect the behavior of these signaling pathways in intestinal stem cells. To better understand the roles of each pathway, we cover the basic function as well as points of intersection between the different pathways, to describe how they function individually, as well as together, to regulate cell proliferation. Abstract Colon cancer tumorigenesis occurs incrementally. The process involves the acquisition of mutations which typically follow an established pattern: activation of WNT signaling, activation of RAS signaling, and inhibition of TGF-β signaling. This arrangement recapitulates, to some degree, the stem cell niche of the intestinal epithelium, which maintains WNT and EGF activity while suppressing TGF-β. The resemblance between the intestinal stem cell environment and colon cancer suggests that the concerted activity of these pathways generates and maintains a potent growth-inducing stimulus. However, each pathway has a myriad of downstream targets, making it difficult to identify which aspects of these pathways are drivers. To address this, we utilize the cell cycle, the ultimate regulator of cell proliferation, as a foundation for cross-pathway integration. We attempt to generate an overview of colon cancer signaling patterns by integrating the major colon cancer signaling pathways in the context of cell replication, specifically, the entrance from G1 into S-phase.


The emergence of network technology has brought great challenges to the traditional ideological and political education approach. Now many colleges and universities are making all kinds of attempts in online ideological and political education. This paper designs a .NET-based online ideology and political education platform. By combining the .NET technology and C# language, this paper realizes the various functional modules of the ideological and political education system platform; based on the functional analysis method, it establishes a requirement model for the system platform; under the guidance of relevant database theories, this paper designs the conceptual structure and logical structure of the platform database. The platform ultimately established involves ideological and political education and knowledge, provides students with services and allow them to participate and have fun, which is not only a network space for students to improve their ideological and political consciousness, show their creativity and release psychological pressure, but also an online platform for the good interactions between teachers and students. Keywords—ASP.NET; C# Development Language; Ideological and Political Education; Online Platform


Mortality in nude mice fostered by allogeneic mothers was studied. The data failed to support the hypothesis that mortality was due to graft versus host disease resulting from the passage of immunocomponent cells to the young in the mothers' milk. It was apparent that there were significant differences in the ability of mothers of different strains to rear nude mice.


SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT Draper and John (1988) gave some specific response-surface designs for quantitative and qualitative factors. Wu and Ding (1998) gave a systematic method for constructing such designs. Aggarwal and Bansal (1998) gave robust response surface design for quantitative and qualitative factors using central composite designs. In this paper, we give a method for constructing robust response-surface designs for quantitative and qualitative factors using the small response-surface optimization approach given by Lin and Tu (1995) for finding the optimal setting for a set of design variables involving qualitative and quantitative factors.


Power transformeravailabilityand utilization are key factors in overall transmission systemavailability and utilization. A Microprocessor basedTransformerAnalysisSystem (MTAS)hasbeenconceptually configured to provide improvedpower transformeravailabilityand utilization throughthe continuousmonitoringand analysis of power transformer operating parameters.Presentpowertransformermonitoring and protectionschemesare basedon singleinputs which do not adequatelyencompass the power transformer in its operating environment. Decisionsabout the operatingconditionand capabilityof powertransformers, which are now being made from singleparametersmeasuredas neededby the decisionmakers,can be formulated by theMTASfrommultiplediagnosticinputsand a historicdatabase.


This paper axiomatizes an intertemporal version of the maxmin expected‐utility model. It employs two axioms specific to a dynamic setting. The first requires that smoothing consumption across states of the world is more beneficial to the individual than smoothing consumption across time. Such behavior is viewed as the intertemporal manifestation of ambiguity aversion. The second axiom extends Koopmans' notion of stationarity from deterministic to stochastic environments.


SUMMARY This article describes and evaluates work undertaken as part of ATEE-RDC19, an exploration of using scenarios to enhance students' learning in teacher education. Action research was carried out with students who were following a module entitled National Curriculum and Beyond on an Education Studies degree. Students discussed and devised a scenario for 2020 and the need for the curriculum in schools to prepare students for life in the future. New curricula were devised to address the needs presented by the scenarios then justified, presented to and discussed with peers. Students completed questionnaires regarding their opinions of the use of this learning and teaching strategy. Students expressed their wholehearted approval for this kind of learning even though many had found the process difficult. They agreed that the use of scenarios had enabled them to widen their thinking about the curriculum and become more responsible for their own learning.


Objective: To understand the perception people experiencing psychic suffering and hospitalized in a psychosocial care center have about hospital discharge. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with 13 people experiencing psychic suffering hospitalized in a Psychosocial Care Center of a teaching hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected using semi-directed interviews held in October 2016 and then analyzed using the content analysis strategy. A total of two categories emerged: meanings attributed to hospital discharge; Strategies for continuity of treatment in the face of hospital discharge. Results: It was possible to notice some meanings attributed to hospital discharge by hospitalized users, such as feelings of fear, anguish, starting over, and freedom. In addition, it represents a strategy for continuity of care. Conclusion: Hospital discharge is understood in several ways and it arouses feelings, expectations and desires in people experiencing psychic suffering who are leaving an inpatient center.


In Sanskrit literature, chrysanthemum is mentioned as Shatapatri. It is commonly called as 'Guldaudi' in Hindi and 'Sevanti' in Gujarati and Marathi languages. As rose is called as the flower of West, chrysanthemum is called as flower of East, also known as Queen of East. Chrysanthemum name is made from Greek words 'chryso' means gold and 'anthemom' means flower, thus combination of two words is a 'golden flower'. Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora Tzvelev) belongs to family Asteraceae, a native of northern hemisphere mainly Europe and Asia specially China, is a popular commercial flower crop grown for cut flowers, loose flowers as well as for pot plant International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Objective To investigate the possibility that the level of Tie2 mRNA in peripheral blood could reflect the severity of sepsis.Methods Trauma patients in intensive care unit (ICU) were recruited,and they were divided into sepsis group (n=13) and non-sepsis group (n=19).The severity of disease was evaluated with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score on the day of ICU admission.Blood of patients was sampled on day 1, 3, 7 after ICU admission to determination of the white blood cell (WBC) count, contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), mRNA levels of Tie2 in blood measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the contents of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results No significant difference in contents of ALT, AST and plasma vWF was found between sepsis group and non-sepsis group [ALT (U/L): 53.30 (199.58) vs.80.65 (202.62), AST (U/L): 316.53 (49.90)vs.66.10 (285.03), vWF: (272.47 ±114.61)% vs.(246.66±128.77)%, all P>0.05].The number of WBC [× 109/L, 18.26 (21.82) vs.10.11 (4.72)], the contents of BUN [mmol/L, 20.70 (11.20) vs.7.70 (5.45)] and Cr [μmol/L: 252.00 (364.55) vs.68.00(23.20)], and the circulating mRNA levels of Tie2 (1.86±0.67 vs.0.91±0.42) in sepsis group were higher than those in the non-sepsis group (all P<0.01).The Tie2 mRNA level in peripheral blood of each patient was positively correlated with APACHE I score (r= 0.532, P< 0.01).The linear regression equation was Y= 12.66+ 4.922X (R2 = 0.283).Besides, there was a significant correlation bettween the amount of Tie2 mRNA and plasma levels of vWF (r=0.334, P<0.05).The linear regression equation was Y=180.932+57.93X (R2=0.112).Conclusion The level of Tie2 mRNA in peripheral blood could reflect the damage of endothelial cell and severity of sepsis.

Key words:
Tie2 ;  Gene expression ;  Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ;  Sepsis ;


Fundamental to the performance of an active infrared imager, is the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) from potential target and surveillance surfaces. Proper integration of the BRDF also can yield emissivity, a quantity that is important to determine emitted infrared radiance for passive sensors, especially in sunlit conditions in the SWIR and MWIR. A series of BRDF measurements were acquired in up to four bandpasses ranging from 3 to over 11 microns. Results are presented for multiple surfaces in these bandpasses with the incidence angles of the radiation at -45 degrees in elevation, and azimuth angles from 0 to 180. Materials measured included likely target and background materials such as: human skin, clothing materials, wood, paper, water, sand and crude oil.


[Objective] The objective of this study was to study the enzyme-solvent extraction process of total flavonoids in Apocynum venetum L.,and provide references for the extraction process of total flavonoids in Apocynum venetum L..[Method] The Apocynum venetum L.was pretreated with enzyme,then the total flavonoids was extracted by solvent ethanol.The pH value,amount of enzyme,enzymatic hydrolysis temperature,enzymatic hydrolysis time,concentration of solvent alcohol was experimented.[Result] The optimum technological conditions of extracting total flavonoids in Apocynum venetum L.were as follow:pH was 5,amount of enzyme was 3 mg/g,enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 45 ℃,enzymatic hydrolysis time was 2 hours,concentration of alcohol was 50%.The yield of total flavonoids was 4.6% on optimum technological conditions.[Conclusion] After pretreated with cellulase enzyme the yield of the total flavonoids was obvious increased.


The reformation reaction of the recoil Cr atoms in the organic solution of the neutron-irradiated trisacetylacetonatochromium(III) was investigated in detail by means of a combination of the solvent extraction and ion-exchange methods, and it was compared with the thermal annealing reaction in the solid phase. The reformation curves of the parent complex in the organic phase are very similar to the annealing isotherms in the solid phase. On the basis of kinetic analysis of the reformation reaction in the organic phase, the existence of polymeric acetylacetonate complexes in the solid phase is suggested.


Self-healing networks are addressed from the viewpoint of enabling the evolution to a modern public information network through self-healing capabilities and the associated network architectures. The term digital city is used for the overall plan for the implementation and transition to a public information network. Public information networking refers to the future network infrastructure that will provide access, transport, and interconnectivity for voice, data, image, and broadband communications in a fault-tolerant, self-healing public network. The various aspects of digital city, including the marketplace assessment, network functional characteristics, physical network architecture, implications for the public network, and implementation strategies, are examined.<<ETX>>


The intermolecular interactions potentials for two configurations of CH4–Ne complex are calculated with local density approximation methods in the frame of density functional theory. It is found that the calculated potentials have two minima when the distance between the carbon atom of CH4 and the Ne atom takes R = 5.80 a.u. and 6.20 a.u. for both the two configurations. For the edge configuration, the corresponding depth of the potential is 0.0669536 eV and 0.0671416 eV. For the face configuration, the corresponding depth of the potential is 0.0737956 eV and 0.0645506 eV. The global minimum occurs at R = 5.80 a.u. for the face configuration with a depth of the potential 0.0737956 eV. The depths of our calculation are in better agreement with the experimental data than the quantum chemical calculation approach, while the position of minimum potential for our calculation is underestimated.


To introduce three new technologies of refinery-chemical integration in brief, bring forward a ethylene developing case of advanced refinery-chemical integration, in which ethylene feedstock is higher and lighter quality, and the propylene to ethylene ratio is above 1.1, compared nith normal routine.


The invention relates to the technical field of control of internal combustion engines, in particular to a controller of a novel alternative fuel internal combustion engine. A prediction device, a fuel injection control device, a judgment device, a pump control device, a temperature signal receiving device and the like are arranged in the controller, through mutual collaboration of the devices, excessive jitter and even flameout of the internal combustion engine because the fuel switching process falls behind when switching two fuel driving modes can be avoided, thereby enabling the two fuel driving modes to realize smooth switching transition and ensuring that the internal combustion engine can work normally without disturbance.


The objective of the work presented is to highlight experiences, impacts and challenges which students had to face during online learning and the corona-pandemic. This paper reports on findings of a survey conducted at a German university of applied sciences. An online survey was developed and administered. Responses were analyzed, using mostly descriptive statistics, and key findings are shared. These relate to experiences and challenges encountered by students during the time of online learning and revealing insights to the student perspective on online learning. These findings inform decision makers in considering future options regarding the use of technology for distance learning too.


In OSAS,female/male ratio is about ½ and 10% of male population is effected by the disease.Lower incidence in female subjects seem to be attributed to hormones,body fat distribution,upper airway anatomy and functions,neurological respiratory control mechanisms.We investigated the effects of gender on sleep architecture,incidence and severity of OSAS. A total of 1387 subjects admitted for polysomnography between January2011-December2015 were retrospectively analysed. The study population consisted of 892(64.3%)male,495(35.7%)female subjects;1263(91%)were diagnosed as OSAS;363(29%)had mild disease,342(27%)had moderate disease and 558(44%)had severe disease.OSAS was diagnosed in 93%of males(n=831)and 87% of females(n=432).Body mass index(BMI) was similar in men and women.Men had higher sleep efficiency and lower sleep and REM latency(p Considering female population,122(24.6%)were in premenapausal and 373(75.4%)were postmenapausal;68% of former and 93.6% of latter group had OSAS.In premenapausal group majority of the subjects had mild OSAS(57.8%),whereas severe disease had higher incidence in postmenapausal group(37.8%) In this study,evaluating PSG data due to gender in a large group of patients,we found that menhad higher incidence of OSAS,more severe disease and were at younger ages.Most women wih OSAS were postmenapausal.Women had lower sleep efficiency,higher latency to sleep onset and latency to REM.As a conclusion,gender is one of the major factors influencing PSG data and should be taken into consideration in evaluating OSAS cases.


The critical behavior of the magnetization of a cubic ferromagnet in a magnetic field is analyzed for all field directions when both fourth- and sixth-order anisotropy are present. Results are presented for ${K}_{1}g0$ and all $\ensuremath{\kappa} (\frac{{K}_{2}}{{K}_{1}})$. For $\ensuremath{-}6l\ensuremath{\kappa}l9$ the phase diagram is of the three-state Potts type. For $\ensuremath{\kappa}g9$ a 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} rotation of the three-state Potts diagram is obtained at high fields and a reentrant feature at lower fields. For $\ensuremath{\kappa}=9$, a special critical point appears on the [111] axis. The connection between this result and an extended version of the Landau theory is made. Finally, the $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{-}6$ ([110] hard) diagram is displayed and the nature of the critical points, lines, and surfaces discussed.


It is proposed the implementation of a methodology for the analysis and classification of large volumes of records. It is studied and evaluated the application of DM as a tool to analysis qualitatively and quantitatively the register obtained by an eye movement tracking device, eye-tracking, when bring under to people with different levels of orthographic knowledge (OK: High, Medium and Low), in the face of two tasks; (i) detection of spelling error and (ii) in the detection of a simple character, in the brief exposure (1500 milliseconds) of words without and with misspelling. It used some analytical procedure series of DM such as: the search for response patterns; the creation of secondary variables; the use of classification of trees and grouping the data (k-means). New models were created as of the distance between the position of the spelling error and the position of the gaze of the participants. Differences in the visual attention were found between the participants; in the same way, it was observed that the misspelling influences the performance of the task (ii), diverting visual attention to spelling error, in the participants with High OK. It is concluded that the DM helps to find the particularities of eye movements from large volumes of data that generates eye-tracking, which cannot be analysed with simple procedures.


Legal protection of women's labor-related trafficking offenses stipulated in Law No. 39 of 2004, Act No. 21 of 2007, and some other legislation, but the crime of trafficking in people still occur so much power Indonesian workers who are victims. This study is an analysis of the problem, namely: protection 1. How  Law Against Female Labor Overseas From the Crime of Trafficking in Persons pursuant to Act No. 39 of 2004?, 2. How legal protection of women workers from human trafficking crime by Law Number 21 Year 2007?, 3. What rehabilitation efforts against migrant workers as victims of human trafficking based on Government Regulation No. 9 of 2008?. This study uses descriptive research, with systematic normative juridical approach that is based on the laws and regulations in force and based on literature studies, in this study the researchers used legal materials. Based on the research results and conclusions generated discussion namely Law No. 39 of 2004, Act No. 21 of 2007 and Government Regulation No. 9 of 2008 by the substance contained some weaknesses such as the inconsistent settings, is broad, and complicate enforcement law in determining the law that are used to overcome the problems of human trafficking against women workers. Keywords: Protection, Law, Trafficking, Human


With the recent advancement of machine learning algorithms over past two decades, it has gained a lot of attention of academicians and researchers community and also found prominent application in multiple domain including finance. Our proposed model uses Machine Learning algorithms along with Parallel Computing processing to provide a new trading technique for non-stationary and multidimensional financial data of Reliance Industries retrieved from Dematerialized account from up STOX Application Programming Interface (API) which extract data at regular interval of 10 minutes. This proposed model uses K-means machine learning technique to models the gathered stock data and predicts the upcoming stock values well in advance with parallel processing techniques. This paper provides the analysis of previous year's stock market pricing data and interpret results after performing intensive training based on machine learning algorithm on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) considering the time constraint of real time trading. The performance of the system is improved drastically with the help of machine learning techniques and to accelerate the process of generating the results, a technique of parallel computing is used in this paper. The performance time is significantly reduced because of high performance speed using CUDA parallel computing technology compared to traditional methods of single Central Processing Unit (CPU). It helped in reduction of calculation time by large margin and hence to gain book profit which is the ultimate goal of trading by predicting the stock values well in advance. Investors can decide whether to keep that stock, sell it or buy some other new stocks or neutral decision on basis of 3 clusters as predicted k means algorithm. Neutral decision means if user owns stock then he should hold that stock with him and if he does not possess stock then he should not buy it. This proposed method is suitable for intraday trading as the stocks value are taken for each 10 minutes on the basis of that model can take decision what should do.


Immunomodulatory drugs reduce relapse rate and disease progression In relapslng-remlttlng multiple sclerosis but extensive data are not available on the effectiveness and tolerablllty of these drugs In childhood or adolescence. Interferon beta tolerablllty biased by frequency and method of drug administration. Drug administration has great Impact on treatment compliance and adherence. That's why we discuss moreover Interferon beta la Intramuscular as perspective Immunomodulatlve medication In pediatric MS cohort.


This paper studies the influence of a gasket's shape and size on its high-frequency shielding-effectiveness as measured with the stripline test method. Based on full-wave simulations it is shown that the main influencing parameter for the shielding-effectiveness is the gasket's conductivity. Through a comparison with the reverberation room method, it is shown that differences due to shape and size of the gasket are not related to the stripline set-up, but are a reflection of the true shielding effectiveness of the gasket.


The International Maritime Organization (IMO) aims to reduce the annual greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping by at least 50 % by 2050, compared to 2008. To this end, the organization has adopted a set of regulations, including the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), the Energy Efficiency eXisting ship Index (EEXI), and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII), which will require the maritime industry to transition to lower carbon operations. However, the issue of how this transition is to be achieved remains unresolved. Against this background, this paper proposes a simulation-based approach for predicting how a selected fleet of merchant ships may develop over time under various decarbonization strategies. The aim is to make it possible to identify and evaluate feasible decarbonization strategies, accounting for potential bottlenecks, for instance in terms of the supply and availability of individual low-carbon fuels and technologies. A case study is presented in which the approach is applied to a fleet of 254 ships, which is assumed to be roughly representative of ships above 400 gross tonnage serving German ports.


High‐pressure experiments have led to significant contributions to understanding of physical properties of icosahedron‐based solid boron. In this paper, we critically review recent results on properties of boron polytypes. The topics discussed are stability of α‐ and β‐boron, elastic properties, phonon properties. In interpreting high‐pressure experiments, special care is needed. In many cases, confusion is emerged from difference between the macroscopic applied deformation and the resulting microscopic displacement of atoms. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We show that some examples in the literature of non-standard symmetry reductions of ordinary differential equations can be understood using the concept of a solvable structure of one-forms.


The purpose of this research was intended to determine, knowing the students' potential in determining vocational preferences after given IEKAD. The problem in this study was that many students who have a difficulty in understanding the potential of vocational preferences. In this research, the researcher used quasi experimental method in which to insert the sample into the experimental group and the control group randamization. The design used was a non randomized pretest-posttest control group. This research was indicated by the difference between the posttest of experimental group with the posttest of control group, the average was 62.17% of the experimental group and the average was 52.08% of control group, it is meant that IEKAD could help to improve the students' understanding of vocational preferences. The suggestions in this research proposed to (1) Teachers Advisors, suggested to the guidance counselor to help the students understanding the vocational preferences of the students, among others, could use IEKAD, (2) Other researchers, in this research, IEKAD in career counseling was not suitable for students who have low self esteem. (3) Students, the students were expected to follow the career counseling to help understanding the vocational preferences. Keywords: IEKAD, Career Counseling, Vocational Preferences.


The opinionated text available on the Internet and Web 2.0 social research opportunities related to mining and analyzing public sentiments. This paper proposes a hybrid sentiment classification model based on Boosted SVM. Biography. Des Spence, 47, is a Glasgow GP and a former columnist for The BMJ, where his views were provocative and cogently expressed. He has little time. So Far, 3 References, 4 Rough Notes, 5 Lottiotta being opinionated Also, it may be an academic paper, but its not technically researchIll keep writing it up.


This article introduces a new residual life of (n − k + 1)-out-of-n systems consisting of n independent and identically distributed components, given that the total number of failures of components is not less than l at time t, and the system is still working. Some stochastic comparisons of residual lifetimes are conducted, and behaviors of DLR and ILR are given.


The removal of lignin from a high-temperature chemi-thermomechanical pulp (HT-CTMP) using a switchable ionic liquid prepared from an organic superbase (1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU)), ...


Polyurethane-based composites have become an accepted alternative in the pultrusion industry, especially for applications requiring high strength and durability. Pultruded composites based on two-component polyurethanes are now widely known to exhibit superior strength and toughness compared to traditional pultrusion resins, allowing manufacturers to cost-effectively produce lighter, stronger and more damage tolerant profiles. However, verifying that a particular material meets the physical property requirements for an application is only one step in ensuring that material is fit for the purpose. Evaluation of pultruded profiles in real world tests such as long term environmental exposure and performance in secondary processing and assembly operations is critical to ensure component functionality is maintained over its life-cycle. This paper will report on physical property changes due to environmental exposure for pultruded polyurethane (PU), vinyl ester (VE), unsaturated polyester (UPE) and unsaturated polyester-urethane hybrid (UPE-PU) composites. Environmental tests include UV exposure and immersion in water, salt water, hydrocarbon fluids and strong acid solutions. In addition, impact, screw pull-out and bearing strength performance of composites based on each resin system will be compared to evaluate durability and functionality in component assembly.


Land use changes from forest into cultivated ecosystems result in negative impact on soil structure and quality. The purpose of this study was to determine effect of land use on soil quality in Afaka forest northern guinea savannah of Nigeria. Land use systems, including natural forest and cultivated land were identified. Eighteen (18) composite disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected from depth of 0-5 and 5-10 cm for analysis of pertinent soil properties in the laboratory using grid procedure. Most physical and chemical properties show relative variations in response to land use types and geomorphic positions. Results  indicate  that the soils had  high degree of weathering potentials, low  to moderate  bulk density at 0-5cm depth values between 1.42 to 1.49 Mg m-3 in  forest and  cultivated land, bulk density of  1.34 and 1.46 1.Mg m-3at 5 -1ocm depth   for forest and  cultivated land respectively. The soil water at 0-5cm depth is from 4.20 to 2.63 cm3/cm3, while at 5-10 cm depth these values vary from 4.32 to 2.13 cm3/cm3 under forest and cultivation land use. The pH (H2O) is 6.9 to 7.16 with low electrical conductivity of 0.13 dS/m(forest) and 0.12 dS/m (cultivation). The CEC of soils is recorded as 8.60 cmol kg-1 (forest) to 8.54 cmol kg-1 (cultivated)whereas  total nitrogen content of 1.21 g kg-1 and 1.11 g kg-1 and available phosphorus of 8.78 mg kg-1 (cultivated) and 5.47 mg kg-1 (forest).. Results indicate that soil fertility parameters were moderate to low for cultivated land and at all slope positions, suggesting that soil fertility management is required in order to make agriculture sustainable on Afaka area.


Objective:To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Chinese patients with hairy-cell leukemia(HCL).Method:Forty patients with HCL were retrospectively analysed.Result:Splenomegaly was the most common physical finding.But pancytopenia only accounted for 1/3 even in classical HCL and leukocytosis was frequent in HCL.Ribosomal-lamellae complexes(RLC) were found only in about 20% to 30% of HCL cases.Most HCL cells expressed CD19,CD20,CD22,CD25,CD103,CD11c and sIgM.These immunophenotype characteristics were important for diagnosis.The purine nucleoside analogues presented better therapeutic effects than other regimens.The variant type of HCL was common and with poor response to therapy.Conclusion:Pancytopenia is infrequent in Chinese patients with HCL.The classical RLC is rare under electronmicroscope.The immunophenotype of HCL cells in Chinese patients is similar to that in western patients.Purine nucleoside analogues achieve better therapeutic effects.The variant type of HCL is common but with poor therapeutic response.


,The message that emerges from the increasing number of studies of news about women and the media is consistent: "Women's topics are low on the totem pole of attention for media."' While these studies have found a paucity of news about women and discriminatory treatment of such news, none has looked specifically a t the news offered by the wire services. Because of the volume of copy available from the wires and the importance of wire news to most daily newspapers, several questions arise: 1) How many stories about women are available on the wires? 2) What is the nature of those stories? 3) How many of those stories get published? 4) What is the nature of the published stories? Previous studies. "We need not engage in large-scale content analyses t o learn that, even today, women and women's issues are treated idiosyncratically when they are treated at all," Epstein observed in 1978.2 Today, as more content analyses are done, the conventional wisdom is supported. T o draw a picture of the image of women in the metropolitan Oklahoma press, a journalism class a t the University of Oklahoma analyzed 5,500 stories from


Bone plating has been the gold standard as a method for treatment of fractures in adult animals for many years. Since the early days of pioneer surgeons such as the Lambotte brothers from Belgium, Lane from London, Hey-Groves from Bristol, and Sherman from USA, numerous different types and styles of bone plates have been introduced. With time and clinical experience, many of these implants have fallen by the wayside and can now be found collecting dust in the back of hospital storage cupboards. However, if we had to nominate one plate that has survived to become an orthopaedics icon, then by various measures it would clearly be the dynamic compression plate (DCP) developed by the AO in Switzerland. Just the very name of this implant implies some vigorous and energetic attributes; indeed for several decades an important principle of shaft fracture treatment was the attainment of interfragmentary compression and primary bone healing without radiographically evident callus formation. The design of the DCP implant has been subtly imitated, blatantly plagiarized and thoughtfully modified by both the leaders and the followers of bone plate development. If it is true that imitation is the highest form of praise and recognition, then the concept of the DCP was truly a milestone in orthopaedics. The most unique feature of this implant is the precisely engineered internal glide pathway found in each hole of the plate; it allows the generation of interfragmentary compression with insertion of a load screw. Much of the research that went into optimizing the dimensions, slope and geometry of this special plate hole never surfaced in refereed publications; the fact that it works is now taken for granted. When a conventional plate is fixed to bone, tightening of the bone screws compresses the plate to the bone. For the stability of the fixation to be maintained, then friction between the screw head and the plate, as well as between the plate and the underlying bone, must be maintained. Although the generation of compression between the fractured bone fragments is sometimes possible with simple reducible fractures, the need for compression of the plate to the underlying bone is mandatory in all cases. Perhaps the biggest problems with conventional plates are the absolute requirement for accurate contouring of the plate to the surface of the underlying bone, and the need to compress the plate to bone. The effect of compressing the plate to the bone, and its putative deleterious effects upon bone vascularity and viability became a contentious issue, and was the impetus to reduce the amount of plate contact with the underlying bone. This led to the development of the limited contact DCP. However, this modified implant design still did not negate the need for accurate plate contouring. It has long been assumed that the bending and twisting required to contour a bone plate does not significantly compromise its material properties in a clinical situation. However, an in-vitro mechanical study reported in this issue of the Journal found that the bending and twisting of plates results in a significant loss of plate stiffness (1). To ascertain whether or not this loss is clinically significant will require some further investigation. Furthermore, another study found that omission of selected screws from buttress plates affected plate strain at some distance from a simulated fracture gap, and influenced the cyclic fatigue life of constructs (2). This information is relevant to the recently introduced technique of minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis of comminuted shaft fractures, in which long plates are applied in submuscular tunnels with minimal screw fixation. In my opinion the introduction of angle stable screws for bone plate fixation has been the most important and exciting new Editorial


Social work in health care will, over the next 25 years, be transformed in concert with a complex and rapidly changing healthcare landscape and critical advances in behavioral and social science. Professional practice, research and education will be shaped by evolving patterns of health and illness, changing population demographics, developments in medicine, behavioral and social science, technology innovation and applications, and healthcare delivery cost and market forces. The profession's practice, research and educational communities must take actions now to guide the necessary transformation of social work in health care and, in the process, significantly influence the delivery of behavioral and psychosocial health care.


1. Diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin in male Wistar rats, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme measured in plasma and mesenteric vessels 3 weeks later.


Short ARM article for Breakthroughs journal. This article is for CISD and will be used as an example of a knowledge center. Note: The editor of Breakthroughs retains the right to make editorial changes and accept or reject suggested changes that are editorial in nature or have to do with style.


A centrifugal water chiller using alternative refrigerant R134a have been developed. The prototype was designed to have refrigeration capacity of 300RT. Off-designed characteristics at various conditions, performance test of the compressor and analysis of the refrigeration cycle were performed. So the probability of use in part load condition was checked and the direction for revision was suggested.


The liquid crystal display device including light scattering, and light-diffusing properties, yet have excellent heat distortion characteristics having excellent light diffusion plate, a backlight unit including the same, and it is provided. The light diffusion plate according to the present invention is a polypropylene resin siloxane-based light-diffusing agent and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight having an average particle diameter of 1 ~ 20㎛ based on 100 parts by weight of the acrylic light-diffusing with an average particle size of 1 ~ 20㎛ claim 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of base material which is dispersed layer; And it is laminated on one surface or both surfaces of the substrate layer, and the bubbles are formed therein, and which is have an embossing pattern surface of the reverse side of the surface on which the substrate layer and the stack is formed, with respect to the polypropylene pelren resin 100 parts by weight, It comprises from 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a UV absorber 0.01 to 2 parts by weight of an antistatic agent 0.001 to 10 parts by weight. The light diffusion plate, a polypropylene, a coating layer, air bubbles, light-diffusing material


A template synthetic method to prepare densely packed metal nanostructures in functionalized (MCM)-41 and MCM-48 is described. The intrachannel surface of host silica has been functionalized to carry positive charges for the accommodation of highly concentrated and negatively charged metal complexes. After reduction, Au and Pt nanowire bundles in MCM-41 as well as Pd nanowire networks in MCM-48 are formed. The Pt nanowire bundles in MCM-41 are observed to grow along a preferred direction and stack along Pt {111} planes relative to the pore wall of the host. Furthermore, bimetallic AuPt alloy nanowire bundles in MCM-41 have also been prepared and characterized.


1 Put about, wee ship, on your Great Circle course, don't carry Bella's Murray daughter and boys to the British Crown's stolen Austral land. In ten years the Secret Ballot will force its way into law in those colonies… Don't sail, don't sail, Great-grannie (cubed) dear: wait just a century and there'll be welfare in full, and you won't play the Settler role. The polling booth will be a closet of prayer. Australia has been described as the first nation created through the ballot box. Much of Australia's early identity as a nation revolved around its democratic experiments. In this paper I look at how Australian elections became family festivals rather than the * A lecture based on this paper was presented in the Department of the Senate Occasional Lecture Series at Parliament House on 21 September 2001. 1 I am grateful to Mark McKenna for alerting me to the existence of this poem. A hundred years earlier William Kidston, later Premier of Queensland, also published a poem about the secret ballot, entitled 'The Ballot's The Thing' (The Worker, 4 April 1891).


Introduction:
 Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is considered as a biomarker of inflammatory and myocardial tissue injury. However, metformin increases plasma GDF-15, and may be responsible for the metabolic benefits (e.g. weight loss, decrease in Hemoglobin A1c and systolic blood pressure, and improvement in insulin resistance) effects in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) demonstrated increment in GDF-15 in a proteomic analysis in T2D patients.

 Hypothesis:
 To examine SGLT2i's effect on GDF-15 in HFrEF patients.

 Methods:
 This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory sub-study enrolled 190 stable HFrEF patients with an ejection fraction of 40% or below. Patients were randomized (1:1) to empagliflozin 10 mg once daily or matching placebo for 12 weeks. Outcome measures were changes from baseline in GDF-15, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and high sensitive troponin T (hsTNT) adjusted for age, sex, BMI, T2D.

 Results:
 Mean age was 64 (SD, 11) years; 85% male, 13% with T2D, mean ejection fraction 29 (SD, 8)). Empagliflozin significantly increased GDF-15 compared to placebo [Empagliflozin: baseline, median (interquartile range (IQR)) 1177 (899-1720) pg/mL, follow-up, 1394 (970-1942) pg/mL: Placebo: baseline 1299 (915-1849) pg/mL, follow-up, 1276 (879-1924) pg/mL, adjusted ratio of change (1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.17]: p=0.002). There was no significant change in hsCRP (1.13 [95%CI, 0.89-1.43]: p=0.31), nor in hsTNT (1.09 [95%CI, 0.98-1.20]: p=0.12) (Figure 1).

 Conclusions:
 Empagliflozin significantly increased GDF-15 in predominantly non-diabetic HFrEF patients regardless of HF etiology, without a concomitant increase in hsCRP, or hsTNT compared to placebo. These results might explain the link between empagliflozin and the metabolic benefits seen in this population.


This invention relates to a liquid spray extinguisher by the action of a pressurized propellant gas (64), with admixture of an additive (65) to the liquid only when the pressurization thereof. According to the present invention, the additive (65) and the pressurized propellant gas (64) are contained in a single expulsion bottle (66) closed by a lid (74) which is struck to set pressure liquid spray. the design and maintenance of the extinguisher is located in simplified and reliability is increased.


Adapting physico-chemical characterization techniques for in situ studies of real heterogeneous catalysts during conditioning, reaction, and deactivation processes is a research topic of growing importance. Up to now, in most studies only one single in situ technique is applied. However, new trends are focused on using a portfolio of several in situ methods to obtain comprehensive information on structure-reactivity relationships. This review discusses such application examples with the aim to point out the particular benefits that arise from multitechnique approaches for understanding processes like formation of active sites, interaction of those sites with reactant molecules, and catalyst deactivation. Except for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and quasi-in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the examples deal mainly with the combined use of bulk techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance, ultraviolet/visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy, laser-Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. However, although not being surface-sensitive per se, these techniques provide results relevant for the catalyzed reaction. Illustrative case studies comprise the investigation of (i) vanadia-based catalysts during selective oxidation and ammoxidation of toluene and during methanol synthesis, (ii) supported chromium oxides during octane aromatization, (iii) zeolite crystallization and catalysis, and (iv) a Cu/ZnO catalyst during methanol synthesis.


Windows and ventilation are normally separate systems. At the maximum are fresh air valves placed in the frames of the windows. But air flow windows integrate windows and ventilation system by drawing the fresh air through the cavity between the panes before it enters the room. This report investigates the thermal performance of such air flow windows. Based on extensive CFD modelling it is shown that the method prescribed by the existing ISO standard is inadequate in predicting the convective heat fluxes in the ventilated cavity. The basis of the existing standard is a representation of the cavity air temperature by the volume average temperature. It is demonstrated that the convective heat fluxes can not adequately be calculated based on this temperature representation. Therefore a new method based on a transient control volume method, is proposed and shown to produce significantly better predictions. The transient method is though not valid for flow patterns highly dominated by natural buoyancy, where it tends to underestimate the performance of air flow windows. The transient method is implemented in a program called WinVent, developed in connection with this project. WinVent is based on the ISO standard and can calculate the thermal performance of normal windows as well as air flow windows, based on either the original standard method or the proposed transient method for the ventilated cavity. Using WinVent the thermal performances of air flow windows are evaluated and compared to normal windows. Applying a low-emissivity hard coating on the inside pane of the cavity greatly increases the performance of the air flow window. A well designed air flow window can, with moderate to high ventilation flows, outperform even the best triple glazed windows with respect to both heat loss and solar gain. There is a large potential for lowering heating demands in buildings with exhaust ventilation by using air flow windows. In an example of a 60 m apartment it is calculated that air flow windows can reduce the total heat loss from windows and ventilation by almost 30%.


ABSTRACT Publishing in academic journals leads to recognition among peers and contributes to northern scientific knowledge. Brazilian universities have encouraged the internationalization of scientific production in English. The English language has come to be considered the lingua of science and increasingly by the Accounting area. This study aims to is to provide English publications overview made by Brazilian Accounting researchers. We collected the papers published in English through the Lattes curricula of 489 accredited professors in the 36 Graduate Programs in Accounting Sciences over a 21-year period. Results show that the publishing of papers in English has increased over the years. However, the focus of these publications has been broad, diversified and of low impact. Typically, there has been a lack of papers by Brazilian researchers in top journals and/or journals which are specifically dedicated to the Accounting area.


This study examines traditional teaching methods of Spanish complementation (e.g., infinitival complements, sentential complements) presented in college Spanish textbooks and proposes alternative active learning methods that can be used in a study abroad setting. Verbs taking infinitival complements are commonly found in mandate, volition, and emotion verbs, both for Spanish and English. However, while some English verbs take gerunds (Maria avoids eating/*to eat meat), in Spanish a gerund never functions as the complement of a verb (Maria evita comer/*comiendo carne).  Because of these differences, English learners of Spanish often have difficulty acquiring infinitival complement constructions in Spanish. Specifically, they may employ English-like complement structures, producing such ungrammatical utterances as *Odio comiendo tacos 'I hate eating tacos'. Furthermore, many Spanish textbooks do not emphasize the usages of infinitival complements and, when explanations are provided, they are often vague and insufficient. To many instructors and students, learning grammar in a traditional classroom setting often means understanding the textbook explanations and memorizing the rules presented in them in order to produce grammatically correct sentences. In this study, alternative learning methods are proposed as a replacement for students participating in a study abroad program, which can also be applied to traditional classroom settings. Instead of memorizing and applying the grammar rules presented in textbooks, students will learn the complementation structure of Spanish through active learning such as interviews, blogs, and collaborative work. A pilot study of college students participating in a four-week study abroad program in Costa Rica will be presented.


We present a new approach to the problem of Bloch electrons in magnetic field, by making explicit a natural relation between magnetic translations and the quantum group ${\mathit{U}}_{\mathit{q}}$(${\mathit{sl}}_{2}$). The approach allows us to express the spectrum and the Bloch function as solutions of the Bethe-ansatz equations typical for completely integrable quantum systems.


The lifetime of wireless sensor network can be prolonged by the method of Clustering. Clustering is nothing but grouping sensor nodes into many clusters and identifying a coordinator node to regulate the activities of remaining sensor nodes. We call this coordinator node as Cluster heads. There are various techniques for selecting cluster heads based on sensor node attributes. The main responsibility of clusterhead nodes is to receive and aggregate data from the sensor nodes. Due to this, cluster head dissipates more energy when compared to sensor nodes. Moreover, cluster-head nodes consume more energy as they relay data of the sensor nodes that are far away from the base station which in turn decreases network lifetime. In this paper, a different approach has been used to cluster the sensor network. We apply Vertex Cover Algorithm to find the cluster heads. The vertex cover set obtained from Vertex Cover Algorithm are made as cluster heads. A heuristics algorithm was developed to further optimize the cluster heads. Once after we find the cluster heads we apply Prim's algorithm to find minimum spanning tree. Finally we find a traversal order for these cluster heads for the mobile sink to visit by using Depth First Search algorithm. The simulation results show that the vertex cover algorithm resulted optimum number of cluster heads and analyzed for various parameters like throughput, network lifetime, pdf and residual energy. Keywords— Vertex cover; Cluster-head; Wireless sensor network.