Gallium Phosphide (GaP) is a semiconductor with advantageous optical properties for near- and middle infrared optical systems. However, optical applications of GaP are limited by its current low machinability. To cut brittle semiconductors such as GaP and generate optical quality surfaces, it is necessary to induce a High-Pressure Phase Transformation (HPPT) so that a phase is formed that behaves ductile when machined. Along the cutting process this can be achieved by applying a negative rake angle. Otherwise, cracks will appear on the machined surface, worsening its optical capabilities. A HPPT of GaP happens at an atomic scale when a zincblende structure changes into a β-tin one. The β-tin structure behaves ductile and is metastable. Hence, the metastable β-tin phase cannot be observed during the cutting process. Therefore, atomistic simulation, such as Classic Molecular Dynamics Simulation (CMDS), is required to study the machinability under HPPT. In this work, CMDS were used to analyze GaP cutting mechanisms. A diamond tool was modelled with a cutting edge radius rβ = 10 nm, rake angle γ = -20 º, and clearance angle α = 10 º. The cut was performed with a depth of cut ap = 12 nm along the [100]-direction in a zincblende GaP workpiece. Stacking faults were found on the shear zone, {111}-planes, by two different post processes approaches. HPPT was found in the deformation zone only. A stagnation zone was found in front of the cutting edge proceeding a crack nucleation.


The saline soils of the Slims River Delta have developed on land formed in the last 100 years in an area of otherwise continuous permafrost. Deep seasonal frost on the delta prevents downward leaching of salts when the snow melts. Instead the salts accumulate at the surface as the ground dries, while additional salts are added from springs at the base of the surrounding mountains. Late summer rains can leach the soils if they are sufficiently heavy, producing a three- to fourfold variation in salinity from year to year. The efflorescences are dominated by the hexahydrate of magnesium sulfate, and the high sulfate content is probably the reason that soils in depressions with the morphology of solonetzic soils remain reasonably friable. The distribution of the characteristic halophytic plant associations found on these soils appears to be controlled more by soil moisture content than by the actual salinity level.


The study aims at assessing the reality of secondary education in Jordan from the high school principals' perspective, in addition to figuring out the impact of the gender differences on the results. To answer the study questions; the researcher selected the study sample using the stratified random method. The sample consisted of 73 headmaster and headmistress of secondary school from the southern governorates of Jordan (Ma'an, Al Shoubak, Petra, Southern Badia, and Aqaba) for the academic year 2017/2018. The researcher developed a questionnaire consisted of (35) paragraphs, divided into five fields: (building and equipment, students, teaching staff, curricula and educational supervision) and for the combined fields as well. The results of the study revealed the following: (1) Principals' assessment of the two fields of building and equipment, and students, and for the fields combined was high (2) Principals' assessment of teaching staff, curricula, and educational supervision was medium (3) Principals' assessment of the questionnaire was not affected by the gender.


Then invention provides an electronic device and a control method thereof. The electronic device comprises: a light source which is configured for emitting light; a digital micro-mirror unit which comprises a micro-mirror array constituted by multiple micro-mirrors and is configured for reflecting light from the light source by the micro-mirrors in a projection area on the basis of the input image information; a projection lens which is configured for projecting the light reflected by the digital micro-mirror unit to an external projection display area; a jitter detection unit which is configured for detecting the jitter displacement of the electronic device; a control unit which is configured for controlling the light source on the basis of the jitter displacement detected by the jitter detection unit to make the area where the light is emitted by the light source to the digital micro-mirror unit change from the first projection area to the second projection area so that the displacement of the projection display area in the external projection plane is compensated.


The educational enthusiasm for both authenticity and empathy makes a number of assumptions about universal virtues, selfhood, the role of emotion in education, and the role of the teacher. In this article, we argue that authenticity and empathy are both nebulous virtues that teachers and students are called to embody with little reflection on how they are developed, taught, and modeled. Moreover, we propose that authenticity and empathy are engaged in a give-and-take relationship whereby they may not be fully actualized at the same time. By exploring some of the ways that authenticity and empathy make competing demands on the students' and teacher's selves, we suggest that they produce uncomfortable tensions, especially when confronted with the challenges of social justice education.


. Using two separate electrophoretic techniques the presence of pre-β-1 lipoprotein fraction in serum has been studied in a series of 46 patients. Twenty-five of these had normal coronary arteries and 21 coronary atherosclerosis documented by angiography. Six patients with normal coronaries (24%) and 11 with coronary artery disease (52%) had pre-β-1 in the serum (p<0.05). The distribution of elevated serum cholesterol and/or triglycerides was roughly equal in the two angiographically different groups. The occurrence or absence of the pre-β-1 lipoprotein fraction was related to the family history for coronary heart disease, yielding suggestive evidence of a genetically determined lipid abnormality.


Introduction: The Canadian space agency (CSA) is currently developing a geospatial architecture intended for planetary and terrestrial analogue databases. The main objective of the project is to provide CSA staff and Canadian stakeholders with the opportunity to expand their knowledge of terrestrial analogues by enabling a visual and semi-quantitative comparison of Earth-based and planetary datasets [1]. A fundamental requirement of the architecture is the ability to display and manipulate terrestrial and planetary databases to support the Canadian Analogue Research Network (CARN) [2, 3] and analogue missions [4]. The choice of an Internet-based Geographic Information System (WebGIS) is well-suited to the multidisciplinary nature of CSA-supported analogue research projects and missions, and to the required interoperability between multiple systems in exploration science and engineering. The WebGIS allows the visualization, manipulation, and basic analysis of terrestrial and planetary data. Planning of traverses for extravehicular activities (EVA) at terrestrial analogue sites is also under development. Advanced analysis of data acquired during traverses will be possible. All the software and libraries used for the development of the WEBGIS consist of free and open source software (FOSS).


In this study, the method of calculating the Energy Storage System (ESS) capacity according to the amount of photovoltaic (PV) power generation was proposed, to construct a grid-connected PV-ESS system with the best economic efficiency. That is, the model was proposed to calculate the ESS capacity as the cumulative PV power generation amount in the time zone in which 1 h is added to the time of day when the weight of REC is small. To this end, scenarios for each ESS capacity were constructed based on the PV power generation of the system. In addition, a methodology was developed to determine the ESS capacity of the scenario with the minimum payback period as the optimal capacity through the establishment of an optimal operation plan for each scenario.


Based on 20% incidents are associated with pharmaceutical and radiological installations. A quasi experiment design with pre-test and post-test without control was employed. There were 43 health personals was involved in this study: 33 from pharmaceutical and 10 from radiology installations without randomization. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of training on patients' safety culture among pharmaceutical and radiology personal's installations at a type B hospital in Jakarta. The Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) developed by Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) questionnaire was applied in the data collection. To evaluate the impact of training, Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was employed. The data analysis technique used was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, to assess the differences between the variables tested. The training was significantly improving the patient's safety culture among those two installations' personals (p < 0,05). There was an increase in 8 dimensions of patient safety culture.


The proposed widening of State Street between Lancaster Avenue and 25th Street in Salem, Oregon was evaluated regarding potential construction impacts on the biotic resources (vegetation, fish, wildlife, and wetlands) in the immediate area. The existing setting was surveyed to establish a base level from which to measure changes, arid potential impacts were assessed. The area's natural environment is already compromised by urban encroachment and agricultural practices, and only limited additionai impact is expected. The riverine system, which supports Fall Chinook salmon, and the associated riparian woodlands merit the most concern due to the relative scarcity of such habitats and associated wildlife in urban areas.


The empirical evidence on mergers and takeovers indicates that positive gains due to mergers and takeovers ac‐crue almost entirely to the target firms. While average abnormal returns to target firms are invariably positive, returns to bidding firms are negative in case of mergers and not significantly different from zero in case of takeovers (see Jensen and Ruback [1983] and De and Mathur in this issue for a review of the empirical evidence). That acquiring firms should offer the shareholders of the target firms such handsome rewards and accept marginal returns for themselves is one of the unresolved problems in the context of mergers and takeovers.


Objectives: Salt sensitivity is important cardiovascular risk factor. Commonly salt sensitivity detection methods include acute saline load test and chronic saline load test. Paolo Castiglioni assess the reliability of an easier approach based on data from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring performed in hypertensive subjects during daily-life conditions and habitual diet. Our aim was to verify whether it is equally applicable to assess salt sensitivity in patients with hypertension in northeast China. Methods: We enrolled 17 mild to moderate hypertensive subjects in northeast China who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during usual sodium intake. Patients were divided into 3 classes of sodium sensitivity risk on the basis of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data: low risk if dippers and a 24-hour heart rate 70 bpm; high risk if nondippers and a 24-hour heart rate of 70 bpm; intermediate risk with the remaining combinations (dippers with heart rate 70 bpm or nondippers with heart rate 70 bpm). Then patients underwent a salt sensitivity test with rapid extracellular volume expansion with intravenous fluids and volume and sodium depletion induced by diuretic administration. Results: 9 sodium-sensitive patients were founded. The prevalence of sodium-sensitive patients increased significantly from the low-risk class (33%) to the intermediate-risk (50%) and high-risk (75%) classes. Conclusion: This easier protocol for assessing salt sensitivity is likely to be applicable to hypertensive patients in northeast China, if there is more data.


A method for increasing the resolution in forming the three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of the powder bed, the method comprising the steps of: providing a vacuum chamber, comprising: providing an electron gun, a on the work table in the vacuum chamber 1, providing a powder layer, a step to be melted in position the powder layer selected to form a first end face of the three-dimensional article to send e-beam across the work surface from the electron gun, the second powder layer on the work surface the method comprising: providing, to form a second end surface of the three-dimensional article provides the first step of sending over the electron beam is second powder layer is melted at the selected positions on the work surface, wherein the first powder layer and the second powder layer between which, including the step of reducing to a second pressure level a pressure of the vacuum chamber from the first pressure level All.


This paper proposes a system to monitor, through the internet, the data of a logistics distribution truck. For this, it was implemented a reliable and flexible wireless sensor network with low energy consumption. The technology used for the radio system was Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Each node in the network contains one type of sensor. The sensors information together with GPS and On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) data collected by the central unit, and later transmitted to the cloud by GSM or Wi-Fi.


Background and Objectives: Premenstrual syndrome is one of the common problems in women of reproductive age and has many physical and psychological symptoms with weak, moderate, and severe expressions. Considering the different results of researches done in this field, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, severity, and clinical manifestations of premenstrual syndrome in the students residing in the dormitories of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive study on 500 students residing in the dormitories of Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2009. The 10-item shortened premenstrual assessment form and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS 21) were completed by research units. Results: The mean age of the students participated in the research was 21.47±2.55 years old. 96.6% of the participants had some degree of premenstrual syndrome. Frequency of premenstrual syndrome on the basis of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe degrees was 52.2%, 38.8%, 5.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. Among the reported symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, such as stress, nervousness, irritability, depression, breast tenderness, backache, weight gain, abdominal pain, and bloating, psychological symptoms were more common than physical symptoms. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, since premenstrual syndrome is a common problem among women in reproductive age and has adverse effects on quality of life, so, preventive and therapeutic strategies should be provided to solve this problem.


The study examines the effect of monitoring characteristics on the financial reporting quality of Nigerian listed consumer goods firms for the period of nine years from 2011-2020. The population of the study consists of all the 21 listed consumer goods firms as at 31st December. Multiple regression technique was employed as technique of data analysis. The findings of the study reveals that all the monitoring characteristics variables used in this study significantly affect the financial reporting quality of Nigerian listed consumer goods firms. It is therefore recommended among others that, companies board in Nigerian consumer goods should be composed in such a way that the representation of non-executive directors should be minimal as it was found, encourage earnings management, hence reducing financial reporting quality. In addition, the representation by independent directors should increase from one to two members and that the chairmen of the board should be independent directors.


The paper uses the improved model based on the traditional Logistic Model to fore- cast the effect of the curative way for AIDS. We have a conclusion about the best time to stop the treatment by the analysis on the clinical data.


The fundamental magnetic interactions of Pr2Fe17 are studied by inelastic neutron scattering and anisotropy field measurements. Data analysis confirms the presence of three magnetically inequivalent sites, and reveals an exceptionally large value of the exchange field. The unexpected importance of J-mixing effects in the description of the ground-state properties of Pr2Fe17 is shown, and possible applications of related compounds are envisaged.


The results of epidemiological studies of cancer morbidity and mortality among the population of Siberia and Russian Far East have been shown. The study results for detecting the risk factors of tumor development considering the regional peculiarities have been presented. The analysis of health care service for cancer patients has been given and the way of its improvement has been planned.


The CARS-TV consists of 15 items on a four-point scale (1, behavior appropriate for age; 2, mildly abnormal; 3, moderately abnormal; and 4, severely abnormal) with three midpoints. We genotyped rs2129575 using the TaqMan 5′-exonuclease assay. We compared mean CARS-TV item scores between G allele homozygotes and T allele carriers using ANCOVA with full-scale IQ as the covariates. The two groups were matched for sex, age and full-scale IQ (Table S1). We used the Benjamini–Hochberg procedures to control the false discovery rate at 0.05. The mean score for the Body Use item was significantly lower in the major G allele homozygotes of rs2129575 than in the T allele carriers (1.5 0.6 and 2.0 0.6, respectively, corrected P = 0.015; Table S1). The G allele of rs2129575 is associated with relatively mild clinical symptoms of ASD individuals in our Japanese population and Korean population. Notably, the G allele homozygotes have been reported to have higher serotonin synthesis in the orbitofrontal cortex than the T allele carriers. These findings suggest that rs2129575 may cause some kind of dysfunction in the serotonergic system underlying clinical phenotypes of ASD.


Parking is an important part of an urban transportation system. A rapid increase of car ownership has been resulting in a booming demand for parking spaces, which leads to a significant influence on a healthy development of urban transportation systems within cities in China. Taking Beijing as an example, and based on an analysis of Chinese current policies governing the planning, construction, and management of parking facilities, and regarding the environments and situations of a high-pace increase of car-ownership, and the functionality of urban parking systems, together with considerations of experiences learned from other cities around the world, this paper proposes guidelines, basic principles, strategic goals and objectives, and primary steps for developing metropolitan parking systems in China.


The invention relates to a method and a device for pre-treating oil field sewage by ultrasonic oxidation united with electrochemical oxidation, and belongs to the sewage treatment of oil field exploration and production. The invention discloses (1) an ultrasonic and electrochemical cooperated composite oxidation method for oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants in an oil field, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 to 500Hz; and current density is 50 to 5000A/m ; and the invention also discloses (2) an ultrasonic washing method for washing cathode scales which are oxidized in a united electrochemical mode. The device is a composite oxidizing electrolytic bath device, wherein an electrolytic bath, an anode and a cathode are arranged in the composite oxidizing electrolytic bath device; and particularly an ultrasonic device is arranged on the electrolytic bath. The invention has the advantages of reducing and avoiding medicament doping, avoiding the medicament resistance of biological species in a water body and the phenomena of a discontinuous electrolysis process, a poor electrolysis effect and the like caused by the cathode scales in the traditional electrochemical electrolysis, ensuring the stable quality of discharged water and a better purification effect, and lowering water treatment cost.


When it comes time to create your perfect website, hardly anyone is doing anymore old-school HTML coding. Nowadays, professionals (and amateurs) are ...


Numerically-analytically investigated flexural-gravitational oscillations of a thin circular elastic plate, floating on shallow water, cantilevered in the center on a rigid vertical cylindrical pillar in bounded and unbounded basins. Dynamic loads on the pillar from the side of the plate in the conditions of an incident plane wave are determined depending on the unevenness of the bottom.


Funding information JSPS KAKENHI, Grant/Award Number: 19H03005; The Ecological Society of Japan: The ESJ award 2015 Abstract The effective gene number (the number of genes that can be inherited) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is one-fourth of that of nuclear DNA (ncDNA) in idealized populations. Therefore, mtDNA haplotype diversity (h) is predicted to be lower than ncDNA heterozygosity (HE) because of the higher effect of genetic drift on mtDNA. This prediction has not yet been systematically tested. To this end, in this study, published data for 739 populations of 108 mammalian species (66 terrestrial and 42 marine species) revealed the following patterns: (a) h was higher than HE in 54.9% of populations, (b) the variance of h (0.097) was significantly higher than that of HE (0.018) and (c) the frequency distribution of h differed between terrestrial and marine species. The terrestrial species exhibited a U-shaped distribution, whereas the marine species exhibited a right triangle shape. HE showed a unimodal distribution for both groups. (d) The mean of HE was similar between the terrestrial (0.668) and marine (0.672) species, whereas the mean of h was significantly lower for the terrestrial species (0.578) than for the marine species (0.740). Two hypotheses were considered to explain the above-described patterns, one of which was based on the higher mutation rates of mtDNA, while the other was based on a nested subpopulation structure in which an ncDNA-based population includes several mtDNA-based subpopulations. Herein, the plausibility of these two hypotheses was discussed with a focus on the higher intraspecific variation of h.


Something is someone's property (when) someone is eligible to use it as desired.
 Śabarasvāmin, Mīmāṃsābhāṣya (fourth century CE).1

 There is nothing which so generally strikes the imagination, and engages the affections of mankind, as the right of property; or that sole and despotic dominion which one man claims and exercises over the external things of the world, in total exclusion of the right of any other individual in the universe. And yet there are very few, that will give themselves the trouble to consider the original and foundation of this right....


Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] plays an important role as a staple food grain in many developing countries, but is relatively new to the Great Plains of the USA. This study was conducted for 2 yr to evaluate the effects of a preceding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop and/or applied N fertilizer on pearl millet yield and N uptake, and to quantify the amount of residual soil NO 3 -N resulting from the cropping system. The experiment was conducted on a fine montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiudoll soil at the University of Nebraska Research Center near Mead, NE. The experiment included three treatments consisting of 0, 45, and 90 kg N ha −1 applied to continuous pearl millet, and two treatments consisting of 0 and 45 kg N ha −1 applied to pearl millet following soybean [...]


Objective : To compare quality-of-life levels (QoL) among patients who received or did not receive palliative care (PC) and had a diagnosis of breast cancer or other types of gynaecological cancers. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in a referral institution for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (National Cancer Institute in Bogota, Colombia). Bivariate analyses to measure the association between PC and demographic and clinical variables were performed in a nonprobabilistic sample of 114 female patients with a hystopathological diagnosis of breast cancer or some form of gynaecological cancer who agreed to participate in the study. Scores for QoL dimensions were compared between the two groups using range tests with sign. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between receiving PC and QoL domains.  Results: There were 49 cases of cervical cancer (42,98 %), 30 cases (26,32 %) of breast cancer, 24 cases (21,05 %) of ovarian cancer, 10 cases (8,77 %) of endometrial cancer and 1 case (0.88 %) of vulvar cancer. Of the total number of patients, 13 % (N = 15) received PC (95 % CI: 8 % - 20 %). Among those that received PC there was a higher proportion of patients with advanced stages. QoL scores were lower in patients referred to PC, especially for the physical wellness and functional domains. The estimators for QoL/PC association were: physical, OR = 0.97, 95 % CI 0.83 - 1.12; social/family, OR = 1.02, 95 % CI 0.82 - 1.27; emotional, OR = 1.10, 95 % CI 0.91 - 1.33; functional, OR = 0.72, 95 % CI 0.60 - 0.87.  Conclusion: The frequency with which PC was provided in this sample is low. The indication for PC appears to be related more to QoL compromiso (specifically in the functionality domain) than to the clinical stage of the disease. PC is more frequent among patients with a higher level of education, which may be related to their greater participation in decision-making.


This paper investigates the issue of privacy in a learning scenario where users share knowledge for a recommendation task. Our study contributes to the growing body of research on privacy-preserving machine learning and underscores the need for tailored privacy techniques that address specific attack patterns rather than relying on one-size-fits-all solutions. We use the latent bandit setting to evaluate the trade-off between privacy and recommender performance by employing various aggregation strategies, such as averaging, nearest neighbor, and clustering combined with noise injection. More specifically, we simulate a linkage attack scenario leveraging publicly available auxiliary information acquired by the adversary. Our results on three open real-world datasets reveal that adding noise using the Laplace mechanism to an individual user's data record is a poor choice. It provides the highest regret for any noise level, relative to de-anonymization probability and the ADS metric. Instead, one should combine noise with appropriate aggregation strategies. For example, using averages from clusters of different sizes provides flexibility not achievable by varying the amount of noise alone. Generally, no single aggregation strategy can consistently achieve the optimum regret for a given desired level of privacy.


Our study aims at contributing to the quantification and characterization of chromium transport processes from host rocks and soil matrices to groundwater. We focus on dissolved hexavalent chromium detected in groundwaters of geological regions with ophiolitic rocks (ophiolites and serpentinites) inclusions due to its critical ecological impact. (Oze et al., 2004). Despite the large number of analyses on the occurrence of high concentrations of hazardous hexavalent chromium ions in natural waters, only few studies were performed with the objective of identifying and investigating the geochemical reactions which could occur in the natural system rock – groundwater – dissolved chromium (Fantoni et al., 2002, Stephen and James, 2004, Lelli et al., 2013). In this context, there is a need for integration of results obtained from diverse studies in various regions and settings to improve our knowledge repository. Our theoretical analyses are grounded and driven by practical scenarios detected in subsurface reservoirs exploited for civil and industrial use located in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy). Available experimental datasets are complemented with data from other international regional-scale settings (Altay mountains region, Russia). Modeling of chromium transformation and migration particularly includes characterization of the multispecies geochemical system. A key aspect of our study is the analysis of the complex competitive sorption processes governing heavy metal evolution in groundwater. The results of the research allow assessing the critical qualitative features of the mechanisms of hexavalent chromium ion mobilization from host rocks and soils and the ensuing transformation and migration to groundwater under the influence of diverse environmental factors. The study is then complemented by the quantification of the main sources of uncertainty associated with prediction of heavy metal contamination levels in the groundwater system explored.


The novel Lord of the Flies is the most representative and brilliant work written by William Golding,a British writer.Although the work's plot is simple and the leading actors are children,the symbolic meaning is complex and far-reaching.Through the fictive text,exactly to say,the fictitious future to construct the new subversion and consideration of human nature,it becomes the focus of academia's discussion.The symbolic system exerts the important transitional and conjunctional effect between the text's fiction and the motif's reconstruction.The discourse tries to conform all the meaning of the novel,to show the novel's characteristics and the organic system through the analysis of character and image and surroundings.


Spontaneous rupture of uterus is rare. Uterine rupture can occur in pregnancy or at the time of delivery. The reported incidence of spontaneous uterine rupture is about 1 in 15,000 deliveries and it is more likely in women of high parity. Manner of death in a case of spontaneous unscarred uterine rupture is natural. Here we came across one case that fifth gravid arum female of 09 months pregnant (G5P4L2A2). She went to bring water on a well. She came at home with pot on the waist with full of water. She started pain in abdomen at her home. So brought to the hospital and died before the admission in the hospital. Foetus in uterus was viable and he also died. On postmortem examination, we found rupture of uterus due to prolonged labor. In developing countries like India timely Hospitalization of pregnant women can decrease the incidence of rupture of gravid uterus.


The language of official documents is a carrier of representing a government's opinions,performing the functions of governmental management.Therefore,it has a legal authority.As the language of official documents is restrained by the quality,the content and the function of the documents,it is quite different from the language of literature.For this reason,documental language has the characteristics of precision,simplicity,plainness and seriousness.


Abstract Refined asymptotic methods are used to produce degrees-of-freedom- adjusted Edgeworth and Cornish-Fisher size corrections of the t and F testing procedures for the parameters of a S.U.R. model with serially correlated errors. The corrected tests follow the Student-t and F distributions, respectively, with an approximation error of order Oτ3$$O\left({{\tau ^3}} \right)$$, where τ=1/T$$\tau = 1/\sqrt T $$ and T is the number of time observations. Monte Carlo simulations provide evidence that the size corrections suggested hereby have better finite sample properties, compared to the asymptotic testing procedures (either standard or Edgeworth corrected), which do not adjust for the degrees of freedom.


The nature and structure of post-16 qualifications in the UK has undergone radical change in the last decade. Many traditional three year undergraduate degrees have become modular and are offered in a semester rather than a term structure, and a completely new system of reformed vocational qualifications has emerged, with considerable government backing, offering alternative routes into work and into higher education. The potential for a flexible system of qualifications, responsive to the needs of young people and adults and providing support for those entering, or progressing in the labour market has never been better. This paper addresses some of the realities of the reforms.


Objective To summarize the clinical results of combined procedure of resections and constructions of bronchus,great vessels and heart in the treatment of 79 patients with central lung cancer.Methods From Jun,1988 to Jun,2005,the combined procedure of resections and constructions of bronchus,great vessels and heart were carried out in 74 patients with central lung cancer.The operations included ring of bronchus or sleeve lobectomy in 57 cases,double sleeve lobectomy in 15 cases,carinal resection and reconstruction in 4 cases.Results There was no operative deaths and 7(8.86 %) patients had operative complications.The survival rates of 12,36,60 months and 10 years were 78.5%,59.5%,35.4% and 17.7% respectively.Conclusion With the treatment of sleeve lobectomy or combined with resection and reconstruction of pulmonary artery,great vessels or heart,the pulmonary function can be protected significantly,and the cure rate and the long term survival rate can be improved in patients with central lung cancer.


Pesticide sprayer for farmers is a tool that is needed for farmers in the fields and in the fields until now, but in its use, farmers still feel complaints about the use of pesticide sprayers that still use the manual method. these complaints are tools that are less ergonomic and are still outdated and also when farmers want to cut grass sometimes it is very complicated to carry sickles and also when cutting grass. The purpose of this research is to assemble a pesticide sprayer and lawn mower with appropriate solar energy. with farmers' needs and to find out how efficient this tool is for farmers. The result of this study is a modified working system, especially for pesticide sprayers, where a 12 Volt DC motor as a substitute for human power and a lawn mower also uses a 12 Volt DC motor as a blade driver and for power uses solar energy which requires solar cells or solar panels and then stored into Battre or battery . The total cost of making this tool is around IDR 700,000.00


A position sensor of the linear synchronous motor (LSM) uses an encoder head on the mover and a linear scale on the stator side. For the long distance LSM, a linear scale must be arranged on the overall transport path, and this leads to extremely high costs. In addition, is restricted by the length of the movement of LSM the feeding power cable to the encoder head on the mover. In order to resolve these problems, we propose a new position detecting system that uses the magnetic flux of the magnet on the mover. The flux detection sensor uses a hall element. The position is calculated by using three hall voltages with the phase lag of 240 degrees. This paper provides a position derivation simulation from the Hall element signal. Experimental verification of the proposed system is performed.


The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research and Development sponsored a research project to learn more about remote control locomotive (RCL) operations safety-related issues, lessons learned, and best practices from those most familiar with the equipment and operations. The findings from focus groups with remote control operators (RCOs) in the U.S. and Canada are presented. Seventy-eight RCOs participated in 12 focus groups conducted in four cities from March to May 2003. Focus groups addressed five themes: RCL implementation, training, current RCL operations, prior operating experience, and future RCL operations. RCOs identified and discussed a number of issues related to each theme, and suggested changes for the future. Key themes based on RCO perceptions and experiences include the following: adequacy of RCO training, reliability of RCL equipment, and RCO situation awareness. RCO suggestions addressed these key themes. RCOs also noted three primary areas of improvement before RCL operations are considered for service outside yards: improve training, more reliable equipment, and greater control over the RCL and consist.


FIELD: video surveillance. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to television and computer equipment and is oriented to the use in television camera of panoramic observation, which are made on the basis of "ring" television sensors based on the technology of charge connection devices (CCD) and are designed to work in conditions, when objects of control differ significantly from each other in terms of illumination and/or brightness. Cameras simultaneously perform a circular survey of the situation in a region close to the hemisphere, i.e. in a spatial angle of 360 degrees in azimuth and tens of degrees in the elevation angle, in the television camera, the value of the control voltage for the ACAT and AGC is counted in the current "ring" frame, within one of the k-areas of the "ring" target of the photodetector, at that the area of this field coincides with the section on the target occupied by the corresponding "rectangular" frame, executing control voltage samples for the k "ring" frames of the analog video signal sequentially (one by one) in a cyclic mode, besides the recording of the current digital "ring" image frames in the server is performed separately in the first, second, … (k-1) and k operational memory of the server, from which one qualitative record of a "rectangular" frame is read, namely: from the first memory – the first "rectangular" frame, from the second memory – the second "rectangular" frame, … from the (k-1) memory of the (k-1) "rectangular" frame, and from the k memory – the k "rectangular" frame. EFFECT: organization in automatic mode of increasing the sensitivity of these individual "rectangular frames" recorded with low illumination (brightness) of the corresponding fragments of the panoramic image, by increasing the accumulation time of the photodetector and television camera video path gain factor for them. 1 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl


Cyclic impact of external parameters on the structure, such as the daily change of temperature, change of operating parameters (pressure, temperature, volumes of loaded raw material) may lead to the brittle fracture of the equipment material with fast propagation of the main crack. In view of this, there is a need to use the nondestructive test methods which allow determining the critical level of damage accumulation. The article considers the pattern of change in properties as a result of low-cyclic loading by studying the parameters of acoustic signal. Changes in acoustic emission (AE) parameters were measured in the process of uniaxial tension of specimens with different degrees of accumulated damage. Upon processing of these AE parameters, stages of damage accumulation in cyclic fatigue were determined. Thus, is was determined that acoustic-emission diagnostics is sensitive to the said changes and may be used for assessment of the damage degree of 09G2S steel specimens.


(1) It is known that a continuant whose three diagonals are formed of certain equidifferent progressions is resolvable into linear factors, the earliest specimens placed on record being those of Sylvester and Painvin. The object of the present paper is to show that there are continuants of quite a different type which are also so resolvable, and to expound a general mode of investigating the subject.


Many infants and young children endure adverse experiences that place them at significant risk for later behavioral and mental health problems. The infant-caretaker relationship is considered pivotal for influencing emotional development and later personality. Thus, clinicians need to be cognizant of the behavioral manifestations and risk factors associated with attachment problems and disorders among infants and young children. The article reviews recent literature on attachment, provides an overview of attachment theory, offers practical guidelines for identifying and assessing suspected attachment problems, and presents diagnostic and classification systems. Those interventions that appear to hold promise are reviewed, and guidelines for assessing the appropriateness of attachment interventions are suggested.


A theoretical investigation of the imaging capabilities of ultrasonic holograms recorded by arrays of detectors has been carried out. The capabilities and limitations of this technique are illustrated with experimental results obtained with a closely packed array of detectors, simulated by a piezoelectric large area crystal (Sokolov type).


Abstract This paper deals with a study on the retention of radioactive ions 65Zn2+ from diluted waste solutions by the hydrophytic plants Lemna minor, Elodea canadensis, Pistia stratiotes and Riccia fluitans. The bioaccumulation degree decreases in the following order: Riccia fluitans ≈ Pistia stratiotes ≥ Lemna minor > Elodea canadensis The possibility to improve the bioaccumulation degree varying the temperature and the solution pH, in the absence of other cations, has been studied. The thin layer radiochromatography method has been used and it proved that the saccharides and lipids are the biochemical fractions responsible for the 65Zn2+ retention.


A To improve the bullet and / or blast resistance, it provides a structural sandwich plate having at least one intermediate layer. A The intermediate layer is a solid or a perforated metal plate, metal mesh, or may be a rigid ceramic or high strength fibers. The intermediate layer may be of the waveform. .FIELD 1


Objectives: To establish a simple, reliable, stable rat C6 glioma model, and to provide an operating platform for studying the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of glioma. Methods: C6 rat glioma cells were cultured in vitro and cultured in the right caudate putamen of SD rats. After implantation, the survival status of rats was observed and the pathological sections were made. HE is dyeing under light microscope. Results: After 6 days of inoculation of C6 glioma cells, the survival status was good at about 7 days, and the intracranial hypertension was more obvious at about 14 days. Most of them were in the endangered state. In the 18 specimens of the rats, except for the accidental death, the other tumor formation rate was 75%. The tumor structure was obviously displaced with the prolongation of the age of the tumor. HE staining was used to observe the formation of glioma in rat brain. Conclusion: The animal model of C6 glioma is reliable and stable. Its tumor growth characteristics and pathological features are similar to those of human glioma, which can be used as an ideal model for clinical study of glioma.


The role of statin therapy in the development of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain. We aim to determine the relationships between statin initiation and kidney outcomes in patients with T2DM.

 Using deidentified electronic health record data and new-user design, we conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort of patients with T2DM aged 40 years or older across China. The study outcomes included the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and a sustained ≥40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the relationships between statin initiation and kidney outcomes Analyses were conducted using propensity overlap weighting to balance the characteristics.

 Among 7272 statin initiators and 12 586 noninitiators in the weighted cohort, statin initiation was associated with lower risks of incident DKD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.83), new-onset eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50-0.79), new-onset proteinuria (HR, 0.70; 95% CI 0.59-0.84) and kidney function decline (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.81). Among statin initiators, intensive control of LDL-C (<1.8 mmol/L) had a lower risk of incident DKD (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.81) than that in non-control group (LDL-C ≥ 3.4 mmol/L). Similar results were obtained for participants with differing patterns of dyslipidemia, those using different statins, and after stratification according to the characteristics of the participants.

 Statin initiation is significantly associated with a lower risk of kidney disease development in patients with diabetes. This reno-protective effect was more prominent in patients with intensive control of LDL-C.


Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) can expedite research on genetic variation in non‐human primate (NHP) models of human diseases. However, NHP‐specific reagents for exome capture are not available. This study reports the use of human‐specific capture reagents in WES for olive baboons, marmosets, and vervet monkeys.


The traditional base station temperature control mainly depend on the air conditioning without clearance work mode to realize,this work mode resulted in substantial energy consumption and only passive control base station base station repair indoor temperature on impact.Put forward a kind of intelligent frequency conversion technology based on the communication base station energy saving method,using outdoor cold air conditioning energy saving indoor temperature,combined with historical data using nonlinear optimization method for fan frequency conversion for intelligent control.The experimental results show that,this method can effectively avoid the excessive switching fan and air conditioning,the air conditioning operating in optimal time,can make the communication base station energy consumption effectively reduce.


In 1992, Hospice Africa was founded in Liverpool, UK with a vision to support cancer patients in Africa through affordable methods for the control of pain and suffering. In 1993, following a feasibility study in four countries, Uganda was chosen to roll out the initiative. Today, Hospice Africa Uganda is operating with a public health approach by training, up to degree level, health professionals who in their own countries are carrying forward palliative care to all those in need in Africa. Although palliative care provision has progressed greatly in recent years, there is still a need for all health professionals to play a greater part in relieving the suffering of cancer patients in Africa today.


On an example of intraregional geographical cultures of a pine of ordinary Arkhangelsk area it is considered influence of an origin of seeds on distribution of knots, the form of wood trunks and commodity structure of forest stands, and also density of formed wood.


State estimation of nonlinear systems plays an important role in several control engineering problems. Multiple model approach is an interesting way to cope with this relevant problem. Indeed, multiple models are recognized as a powerful modelling tool for nonlinear dynamic systems. In this framework, several realisations of multiple models can be considered for submodel interconnections. In contrast to the most popular results found in the multiple model literature, we consider here heterogeneous multiple models which allow to use submodels of different state space dimensions. Thanks to this fact, flexibility and generality can be introduced in the modelling stage. This paper provides survey of recent results in state estimation strategies based on heterogeneous multiple models. Different kinds of observers are investigated in order to improve the state estimation with respect to disturbance as well as unknown inputs. Theoretical results on the observers design and the state estimation error convergence are presented. Discussion and criticisms of the suggested approaches are also proposed and further research are pointed out.


An exact three-dimensional mixed state space formulation has been presented in Part 1 of this paper for the piezoelectric transverse shear actuation and sensing of plates. In this second part, its application to three-layer adaptive plates with piezoceramic core is studied theoretically and numerically for validation purpose. Then, a detailed parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of several parameters such as, the plate thickness ratio, the piezoceramic core thickness, the mechanical and electric loading amplitudes, and the piezoceramic sensor/actuator position through a multilayer cross-ply hybrid laminate. It was found that, to represent both sensing and actuation behaviors, mechanical in-plane displacements and transverse deflection should be taken layerwise linear (in "zig-zag") and constant through the plate thickness, respectively. The electric potential was found always linear inside the piezoceramic layer. Variation of the piezoceramic core thickness did not affect much the distributions patterns. However, the induced plate voltage and center deflection under varied mechanical and electric loading amplitudes were found to be proportional to the applied mechanical load and actuation voltage. The optimum position of the piezoceramic transverse shear sensor/actuator through-the-thickness of a multilayer cross-ply hybrid plate was found to be at its mid-plane. These results are useful for future reference and comparison with other approximate analytic and numerical solutions. They can also be used to construct such two-dimensional models.


ABSTRACT Background. Our objective was to determine whether visceral obesity is associated with increased microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients surgically treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. Data were collected retrospectively in a series of 79 patients treated by surgical resection for HCC, using CT-scan for evaluation of visceral obesity. Results. There was no significant association between visceral obesity and MVI (OR = 1.20 (0.38-3.75), p = 0.75). Independent predictive factors of MVI were moderate/poor differentiation, tumor size above 50 mm and underlying cirrhosis. Conclusion. This study did not support the hypothesis that visceral obesity might promote MVI in patients with HCC.


The U.S. Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) Pantex Plant, located in Amarillo, Texas, is responsible for the assembly, stockpile maintenance, and disassembly of nuclear weapons. Pantex is operated by the Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc. The following summarizes the pilot study that was designed to establish Pantex as a leader in using the continuous improvement tool of benchmarking within the DOE`s Nuclear Weapon Complex (NWC). The pilot study was conducted with Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co. and Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) personnel during 1992.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the performance of a semi-active vibration absorber (SVA) based on magnetorheological (MR) materials for a half-car model. A mathematical model of the SVA is developed and the dynamic characteristics of the system are investigated. MR dampers and MR Elastomers are combined in the SVA in order to achieve semi-active control. The MR material properties are modulated by the imposed magnetic field, allowing the variable damping and stiffness. An optimal control strategy is developed and optimal damping parameters are identified by using an iterative optimization algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the SVA is evaluated by analyzing its dynamic response under different road excitations. The results show that the SVA based on MR dampers can effectively reduce the vibration of the half-car model and produces better results than the passive vibration absorber.


Thank you very much for reading cultural diversity among twentieth century foragers an african perspective. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this cultural diversity among twentieth century foragers an african perspective, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


0 VER THE LAST twenty years, one of the most consistently incisive critics of traditional Anglo-American philosophy has been Richard Rorty. Few contemporary writers can match the vigor, breadth, and intelligence of his books and articles, even as few readers can accept the radicality of the views they express. Rorty disturbs and astonishes like spring weather. His pages mount like cumulus clouds in our intellectual sky, saturated by the past and promising (ambiguously) either to irrigate or to inundate the present fields of our culture. Almost everybody complains about him, but can anything be done? This essay is an attempt to come to grips with aat least part of Rorty's multi-faceted and troubling corpus. His diagnosis of the root problems of epistemology and their larger significance (or insignificance) for Western intellectual life is often brilliant, but I shall argue that his prescription for the future is unattractive. His uncompromising war on dogmatism is based on a rejection of conventional notions of objective truth and metaphysical comfort and is presented in the name of human freedom. It represents, however, a potentially disastrous kind of pragmatism which can be criticized on both theoretical and practical grounds. Of the two, the practical considerations may perhaps be the more telling.


Darier's disease is an uncommon autosomal dominant genodermatosis. About 10% Darier's diseases present a mosaic form with linear distribution following Blaschko's lines. This unusual forms were named localized, linear, unilateral, segmental or zosteriform Darier's disease. We reported a case of linear Darier's disease in a 52-year-old female. She had recurrent keratotic yellow-brown papules over her right lower extremity every summer for thirty years and the skin lesions resolved spontaneously without any treatment. The family history was negative. Neither nail change nor mucosal involvement was noted. The biopsy specimen taken from the thigh showed characteristic acantholysis and dyskeratosis. The clinical and histological differential diagnoses are presented and discussed. (Dermatol Sinica 26: 236-241, 2008)


Minimally invasive robotic surgery systems has entered daily practice in dedicated clinical centers. Especially heart surgery profits from this new technique, due to a higher accuracy compared to conventional endoscopic interventions. Nevertheless some drawbacks have restricted a broader acceptance of these devices. The most urgent issues are lack of haptic feedback and prolonged operation time. Our research project tackles both topics, on the one hand by adding high fidelity force-feedback, on the other hand by automating recurrent manipulation tasks. These features have been integrated into the Endo[PA]R (endoscopic partially-autonomous robot) system, an open evaluation platform for robotic surgery. The setup comprises two low-payload robots equipped with sensorized surgical instruments and a third robot carrying a stereo camera system. Trocar kinematics, enabling surgical manipulation through small incisions, has been implemented for all robotic arms. In order to ensure operation close to reality, a thorax and heart phantom for surgical training was used in the experiments. Stereo vision is provided via a head-mounted display and force-reflective input devices are employed for user interaction. The system was evaluated by surgeons and it was capable of performing autonomous knot-tying.


We regularly chastise students for placing quotation marks around words that are not direct quotations. Yet, as this research shows, professionals use nonstandard quotations routinely and to rhetorical advantage. After analyzing the various purposes nonstandard quotations serve, I argue student use of the marks jars us not because it departs from good practice but because, through them, students invoke voices we do not want to recognize.


Abstract Theory of Thermally Activated Relaxation in Ferromagnets The theory of the thermally activated relaxation process in a ferromagnet, leading to the phenomenon of Jordan-type aftereffect, is reinvestigated. The analysis is based on a more general statistical approach than the concept of a macroscopic free energy as a function of a macroscopic state variable usually employed in this field. Within the simplest possible model analytical results are obtained, leading to a re-establishment of the usual concept for small systems and its break-down for systems larger than a critical size. For large systems asymptotic results are obtained differing qualitatively from those of the conventional scheme. The most important result is a temperature-independent viscosity coefficient 5V , defined by Eq. (3) of the text.


This essay responds to an invitation by the editors of Sociologica to write about publication strategy. Jennifer Lee: Columbia University, NY (United States)  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5872-6187  firstname.lastname@example.com;  https://sociology.columbia.edu/content/jennifer-lee Jennifer Lee is Professor of Sociology at Columbia University, and the author of four award-winning books, including The Asian American Achievement Paradox, The Diversity Paradox, Civility in the City, andAsian American Youth. Her most recent project focuses on Asian Americans' attitudes of affirmative action in higher education and


Goizueta is a small town in northwestern Navarre, Spain, bordering Gipuzkoa. According to the most recent official figures, it has slightly over 800 inhabitants, about 95% of whom speak Basque (2001, Instituto de Estadística de Navarra). All inhabitants (except for young children) also speak Spanish. In the school system standard Basque and, to a lesser extent, Spanish are used. Older speakers (those born before 1970 or so) were educated exclusively in Spanish. The local Basque dialect, however, enjoys very high prestige among its speakers, and this is the linguistic variety that is most commonly used in everyday interaction within the town.


Genus Rhadinopsylla (fam. Hystrichopsyllidae, subfam. Rhadinopsyllinae), with a holartic distribution, is represented in Europe by. two subgenera : A. Rhadinopsylla Jordan & Rothschild, 1912 with species distributed in the steppe regions limitrophe to the Black and the Caspian Seas, as well as in the Ukraine, represented by Rhadinopsylla (Rhadinopsylla) ukrainika I o f f, 1940 (I ojf f and T i f l o v, 1950; J u r k i n a, 1961). It also occurs in Spain, the distribution area of the species R. (R . ) masculana Jord. & Roths., 1912, being there extended from North Africa (B e a u c o u r n u , 1974 b ; B e a u c o u r n u , G i l o t , V e r i c a d , 1975). B. Actenophthalmus Fox., 1925 with 40 species (H o p k i n s & R ot h s c h i 1 d, 1962), 12 of which occur in continental and insular Europe (Great Britain). Jn Romania, 4 species have been identified so far (J o r d a n & R o t h s c h i l d , 1912; S u c i u & H a m a r , 1968; S u c i u , 1973) : Rhadinopsylla ( A . ) pentacantha Roths. ; R. ( A . ) sobrina Peus ; R. ( A . ) mesoides Smit and R. ( A . ) integella Jord. & Roths.


Placed-based fire management planning that considers historical patterns and processes as well as contemporary local knowledge is recognized as an alternative to broad-scale, regional approaches. In this paper, we used dendrochronology and an online survey to assess historical trends and contemporary perceptions of wildfire, respectively, in the fire-prone anthracite coal region of northeastern Pennsylvania. We developed an annual index of fire occurrence and extent from 216 fire-scarred pitch pine (Pinus rigida) distributed across 9 ridgetop study sites for the period 1900–2016. In addition, we collected survey responses from area residents regarding contemporary perceptions of wildfire hazards and management. Our results show that 20th century wildfire activity was not associated with drought, but closely followed fluctuations in the anthracite coal industry, with increased fire occurrence and extent associated with times of severe job losses. Less extensive wildfire continues to occur frequently, with area residents recognizing the need for fuel management (i.e., prescribed fire) and an increase in resources allocated to wildfire prevention and management as well as trash disposal and recycling programs. Our research represents one example of an integrated approach to informing sustainable fire management that considers the link between historical patterns and contemporary perceptions.


Bacterial symbionts were obtained from entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae, S, riobrave, S. feltiae and S. tami, and identified as belonging to Xenorhabdus species by subjecting to biochemical characterization. The Xenorhabdus isolates were further characterized for their interspecific variation by protein profiling and RFLP analysis of 16S rDNA. The protein profiles recorded discernible differences with protein distribution ranging from 97Kda to 14Kda, but most of the fragments were common to all isolates. RFLP analysis of 16S rDNA of the isolates using eight restriction enzymes showed the distinctness of isolates and based on the restriction enzyme patterns, the isolates were grouped into two clusters. The study showed that a combination of biochemical and molecular techniques could be used for the identification and characterization of Xenorhabdus isolates.


Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm is frequently found recently and have recognized as precancerous lesions to pancreaticcancer that characterized by papillary growth of the ductal epithelium with rich mucin production and cystic dilatation of the mainpancreatic duct and/or its branches. These ...


Background: Medical students are usually at high risk of exposure to hepatitis virus. Though, studies revealedthat less knowledge, low attitude and practice rate were found among these students for infections.Objective: To determine the effects of type of college (private/public) and educational level (pre-clinical/clinicalgroup) on the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis B and C viruses, and vaccination status amongmedical students.Subjects And Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in 7 undergraduate medical colleges/universitiesof Karachi. Data were collected from October 2007 to February 2008 through convenient sampling technique.A pre-tested questionnaire was distributed among 1509 students after taking verbal consent. It contained questionsregarding awareness about prevention and transmission, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B and C. In addition,it also inquired about the vaccination status of hepatitis B, the awareness of students regarding post exposureprophylaxis and the observations during their clinical rotations. The years of education were categorized intopre-clinical (1st and 2nd year) and clinical (3rd, 4th and 5th years) groups. Chi square was used to find theassociation between type of colleges and level of education (pre-clinical/clinical) with response variables.Results: Out of 1509 subjects surveyed, 937 (62.1%) were from public administered colleges and 794 (52.6%)were from clinical group. Eighty five percent of the respondents indicated that they were aware of availabilityof a vaccine for hepatitis B. Clinical group showed significantly higher percentage than pre-clinical group. Only57.1% of the students displayed excellent knowledge about the routes of spread of hepatitis B & C. Studentsof private colleges portrayed relatively better knowledge for treatment procedures than public college students(P<0.0001). Clinical group and private college students showed significantly higher knowledge of availabilityof post exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis B. 53.4% interviewees considered that a patient with hepatitis B shouldabandon the sexual contacts. About 71% of the respondents were found to be vaccinated with all the 3 doses.Our study revealed a relatively better practicing attributes among private college students, and therefore lesseraccidental needle pricking episodes were found in the same group.Conclusions: Students from private institutes and clinical group showed higher knowledge, attitude and practicerelated to hepatitis B & C viruses.


This paper discusses potential roles for extravehicular activity (EVA) in space logistics and the possibilities for a crewperson to become inadvertently detached from the work site. Factors which could cause the detachment will be presented and a rescue technique described. Finally, implications to the design and implementation of space logistics will be portrayed relative to minimizing or eliminating the adrift EVA crewperson possibility.


The invention provides an analytical method and device of the noisy degree of an image. The analytical method comprises the following steps of: converting an original image into a brightness image and a color image; dividing the brightness image into blocks according the brightness relationship among pixel points, and dividing the color image into blocks according the color relationship among the pixel points; acquiring the block-level brightness noisy degree of the brightness image according to the brightness relationship, and acquiring the block-level color noisy degree of the color image according to the color relationship; acquiring the pixel-level brightness noisy degree of each block of the brightness image according to the brightness relationship; and generating the noisy degree of the integral image by integrating the block-level brightness noisy degree, the block-level color noisy degree and the pixel-level brightness noisy degree. The invention provides an analytical mode of the noisy degree of the image. The noisy degree of the image can be quantificationally obtained.


The IEEE Power System Relaying Committee published an IEEE Special Publication (No. 87TH0195-8-PWR) entitled "Application of Fault and Disturbance Recording Devices for Protective System Analysis" in the Summer of 1987. This report was intended to supplement previous papers to provide additional guidance in justifying, utilizing and specifying fault recording equipment for the electric power system. This paper is a summary of the report giving the important highlights to stimulate those interested in the details of the subject to study the completed report.


Using an advanced simulation framework we analyze a recent sub-10 nm technology demonstration based on stacked nanowire transistors (NW-FETs). The study encompasses (i) topography simulation which realistically reproduces the fabricated device, (ii) device simulation based on the subband Boltzmann transport equation (iii) a comprehensive set of scattering models for the gate stack, (iv) physical models for time-zero variability and BTI device degradation. We find that (i) the fabrication process introduces parasitic capacitances not present in a comparable FinFET, (ii) the device performance is significantly affected by interface-charge-induced Coulomb scattering resulting in up to 50% reduction in drain current compared to an ideal device, (iii) device time-zero variability is increased due to a lower amount of dopant atoms per device, (iv) the device is more affected by BTI than a comparable FinFET. Using physics-based TCAD for technology path-finding and device optimization, we are able to point out critical improvements required for the stacked NW-FET to surpass current FinFET technology.


Quinolone antibiotics can be found in WWTP effluent and surface waters at ng.l-1 - µg.l-1 concentration range. Induction of bacterial resistance against these antibiotics and toxicity to aquatic organisms are possible adverse effects. Since quinolones are not readily biodegradable, physical chemical removal technologies are indispensable for their removal. In this work, ozonation and the peroxone process were selected as removal technologies.
A first experimental part focuses on quinolone analysis. Chromatographic separation of ciprofloxacin stock solutions resulted in 2 chromatographic peaks with pH dependent peak area ratio. Next, an analytical procedure, based on SPE-LC-UV, was developed for separation of the quinolones ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and flumequine at a concentration range of 0.03 – 45.3 µM.
Ozonation of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin is discussed in the second part of this thesis. Degradation occurred at the piperazinyl substituent and the quinolone moiety. This is mainly influenced by the parameter pH while H2O2 addition had only limited effect. For levofloxacin, approximately two times faster ozonation was observed at pH 10 compared to pH 3 and 7 while for ciprofloxacin, degradation was 25 and 10% faster at pH 3 compared to pH 7 and 10, respectively. Degradation at the piperazinyl substituent is favoured at pH 10 due to fast ozonation at the unprotonated amine of the piperazinyl substituent.
At pH 7, degradation at the quinolone moiety is enhanced which results in the formation of isatin and anthranilic acid analogues. Addition of an excess t-butanol to the ozonation experiments excluded formation of these compounds, suggesting the necessity of radicals for formation of isatin and anthranalic acid analogues. This was confirmed by calculating the Fukui function for radical attack, which predicted the C2-atom of the quinolone moiety as one of the main sites for radical attack.
Agar diffusion tests with P. fluorescens, E. coli and B. coagulans for ozonated quinolone samples in deionized water revealed that ozonation efficiently reduces antibacterial activity, related to the parent compound degradation rate. In hospital WWTP effluent, however, degradation products affect the residual antibacterial activity against B. coagulans. The ciprofloxacin degradation rate in hospital WWTP effluent was influenced by sorption.


Thank you very much for downloading canon eos rebel t31100d digital field guide. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this canon eos rebel t31100d digital field guide, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their computer. canon eos rebel t31100d digital field guide is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the canon eos rebel t31100d digital field guide is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Two‐dimensional (2‐D) interfacial waves on flowing films are unstable with respect to both two‐ and three‐dimensional instabilities. In this paper, several distinct three‐dimensional instabilities that occur in different regions of the parameter space defined by the Reynolds number R and the frequency f of forced two‐dimensional waves are discussed in detail. (a) A synchronous 3‐D instability, in which spanwise deformations of adjacent wave fronts have the same transverse phase, appears over a wide range of frequency. These transverse modulations occur mainly along the troughs of the primary waves and eventually develop into sharp and nearly isolated depressions. The instability involves many higher harmonics of the fundamental 2‐D waves. (b) A 3‐D surbharmonic instability occurs for frequencies close to the neutral curve fc(R). In this case, the transverse modulations are out of phase for successive wave fronts, and herringbone patterns result. It is shown that this weakly nonlinear instability is due to...


Part 1 General issues with functional foods: Defining functional foods and associated claims EU legislation and functional foods: A case study US regulation of functional foods Australian and New Zealand regulations on nutrition, health and related claims made on foods Legislation of functional foods in Asia Consumers and health claims for functional foods. Part 2 Functional foods and health: Functional foods and acute gastrointestinal infections Functional foods and coronary heart disease (CHD) Anti-tumour properties of functional foods Functional foods and obesity Functional foods and prevention of diabetes Functional foods and cognition Functional foods and bone health. Part 3 Developing functional food products: Maximising the functional benefits of plant foods Developing functional ingredients: a case study of pea protein Functional fats and spreads Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as food ingredients Probiotic functional foods Functional foods for the gut: probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics Bioactive milk proteins, peptides and lipids and other functional components derived from milk and bovine colostrum Functional meat products Functional soy products Functional seafood products Dietary fibre functional products.


Introduction Wireless networks face security threads while transmitting the data between the sources to the destination,hence they communicate through radio transmissions, without physical connections and without peripheral cabling.Wireless Systems include local area networks, personal networks, cell phones, etc. While considering the Wireless Mesh Networks, security is the major issue. Therefore ,security is provided to the WMN Through the various cryptographic techniques such as identity based cryptography, Adaptive and Bandwidth Reducing (ABR) tree, lolus, etc., Since these cryptographic techniques also seems to be more complex in the , trust model is computed to provide security and also to increase the reliability in the Wireless Mesh Networks. Since these cryptographic techniques also seems to be more complex in the , trust model is computed to provide security and also to increase the reliability in the Wireless Mesh Networks. Wireless Mesh Networks The term "Wireless Mesh Networks" describes wireless networks in which each node can communicate directly with one or more peer nodes. And the term Mesh originally used to suggest that all nodes were connected to all other nodes, but most modern meshes connect only a subset of nodes to each other. Nodes are comprised of mesh routers and mesh clients. Each node operates not only as a host but also as a router. Security in Wireless Mesh Networks WMNs still lack efficient and scalable security solutions, because their security is more easily compromised due to several factors: their distributed network architecture, the vulnerability of channels and nodes in the shared wireless medium, and the dynamic change of network topology. Attacks in different protocol layers can easily cause the network to fail. Attacks may occur in the routing protocol such as advertising wrong routing updates. The attacker may sneak into the network, impersonate a legitimate node, and not follow the required specifications of a routing protocol. It has the following advantages such as it Offers high speed wireless packet data access across a wide coverage area. Minimizes cost of capital, installation and commissioning. Utilizes low cost 802.11 technologies highly flexible in terms of capacity coverage and availability. Wireless access points may be deployed indoor or outdoor. Security is a vital problem in the design of a WMN. The client should have end-point-to-end-point security assurance. However, being different from a wired and traditional wireless network, a WMN could easily comprise various types of attacks. Multicast routing in Wireless Mesh Networks Multicasting is the ability to transmit a single stream to multiple subscribers at the same time. Unlike conventional streaming, it does not need one stream per recipient. Instead, there is one stream on any one segment of the network on which there is a subscriber. It is the task of the routers to track subscriptions and to create copies only on needed basis. Unlike broadcasting, segments on which there are no subscribers do not receive the stream. Multicasting is an unreliable protocol, using UDP as its basis. It is possible to add reliability to it.


Novel transverse flux permanent magnet motor (TFPMM) with Brushless DC drive is expected to be applied to direct-drive electric vehicles. To reduce torque ripple and obtain faster torque response, direct torque control (DTC) with position sensors instead of flux linkage observer has been employed. The voltage vectors are determined by position of magnetic poles as well as torque hysteresis comparator. In consideration of much longer commutation process caused by the features of novel TFPMM, phase advance commutation has been brought in DTC to achieve maximum torque per ampere. Simulation results have been presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Background. In the NCCN guidelines published in 2020, chemoradiation treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage FIGO III cervical cancer was considered counter-productive. Long-term outcomes of treatment for patients with locally advanced disease (IIIC) are still not satisfactory. The desire to change the current situation resulted in the studying of the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients with regional lymph nodes metastases.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with FIGO stage III cervical cancer (T1–2N1M0).Materials and methods. The main group included 119 patients  who received chemoradiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin from 2015 to 2018. The comparison group included 66 patients who received the same combination treatment between 2015 and 2018, however, without adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not result in a quality of life reduction. Also, acceptable toxicity was achieved.Results. The follow-up period for patients included in our research was 3 years or more. Recurrences occurred in 32 (27 %) patients in the main group and 31 (47 %) patients in the comparison group. During the first year of follow-up, recurrences occurred in 8 % in the main group and 43 % in a comparison group of patients respectively. There was a difference in the localization of recurrent events. Importantly, no cases of local recurrences were detected.Conclusion. Disease recurrences more often developed in patients of reproductive age and squamous histological type of tumor. Mostly, the progression of the disease was manifested by metastases in the paraaortic lymph nodes. Almost half of all progression cases (48 %) in the comparison group appeared to be hematogenic metastasis. Most often the lungs and bones damage was detected.


Abstract A simple electro-optical method was developed to characterize the temperature dependent viscoelastic coefficient of six nematic liquid crystals with different conjugation lengths. Results were then used to test seven most frequently used models for rotational viscosity (y1). Computer results show that some models fit certain specific liquid crystals but, in general, two models fit all the experimental data. These two models are y 1 = α2 S 2 exp[E/k(T - T 0)] and y 1 = (α1 S + α2 S 2) exp (E/kT), with α1, α2 E, and T 0 as adjustable parameters.


The influence of the protective tariff policy upon the progress of the American merchant marine may not be apparent on first thought. Its influence is indirect in its operation and, therefore, tends to escape the attention of those who give only superficial consideration to the subject. Yet there is reason to believe that the protective tariff policy as applied by the United States is not only in conflict with the policy of the country with respect to the development of a merchant marine, but has also been one of the forces contributing to the failure of that policy to achieve its aims. At the end of the World War the American merchant marine


We use the Schwinger-Dyson equations in the presence of a thermal bath, in order to study chiral-symmetry breaking in a system of massless Dirac fermions interacting through pseudo quantum electrodynamics, in ($2+1$) dimensions. We show that there is a critical temperature ${T}_{c}$, below which chiral symmetry is broken, and a corresponding mass gap is dynamically generated, provided the coupling is above a certain, temperature dependent, critical value ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$. The ratio between the energy gap and the critical temperature for this model is estimated to be $2\ensuremath{\pi}$. These results are confirmed by analytical and numerical investigations of the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the electron. In addition, we calculate the first finite-temperature corrections to the static Coulomb interaction. The relevance of this result in the realm of condensed matter systems, like graphene, is briefly discussed.


© 2012 Ohishi et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Host-Virus Specificity of the Morbillivirus Receptor, SLAM, in Marine Mammals: Risk Assessment of Infection Based on Three-Dimensional Models


In scienti c writing, the author discusses the making of a web-based elearning applications to physics Mechanics us- ing PHP programming language and MySQL database. The discussion starts from application design using DFD, ERD, then normalized and then proceed with the making of the application page using Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 and and then imported into programming with the addition of vari- ous elements such as javascript and css that is used to dis- play websites. Penamaan File: 31104088


A typical feature of contemporary peace accords and power-sharing agreements are references to human rights. Using a data set of 82 peace agreements from 20 sub-Saharan African countries signed between 1989 and 2011, this article studies the prevalence, origin and relevance of human rights norms to power-sharing agreements. We argue that a fine balance needs to be struck between resolving conflicts and addressing human rights concerns. While most peace and conflict literature so far focuses on war termination, more scholarly attention is due for the role of human rights and their potential in achieving durable peace.


So far, the research on instructional design theory has been influenced by behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism, forming a variety of researchs on positioning and orientation. In the aspect of teaching, theory of instructional design has not played the proper role. This paper analyzes the application status of theoretical ability of instructional design and instructional design of primary and secondary school teachers, and put forward some countermeasures for solving the current problems.


It is critical to theorize the complexity measure philosophically and mathematically for the scientifically quantitative depiction of a system.Firstly,the philosophical base of complexity measure was established by the introduction of the intentional structural model based on phenomenology and intentional sciences,and by the definitude that system complexity measure is a two-step intentional explaining process.Furthermore,the mathematical conditions of index deduction process and complexity deduction process were analyzed,and the mathematical process of complexity measure was established to definitize the mathematical foundation and conditions.At last,the common approaches to complexity measure were introduced: system analysis and index data collection,mensurability analysis and measure method selectivity,measure and evaluation.


The primary objective of this theoretical thermal stress calculation for ultra-thin whitetopping (UTW) was to determine if the initial crack spacing at early ages (e.g., 24 hours) can be estimated. Temperature profile data and laboratory elastic and fracture parameters are presented for several concrete mixtures at early ages. The analytical model coupled with the measured field data revealed that 4 by 4 ft UTW panels will not crack at every saw-cut joint for the concrete mixtures and climatic conditions evaluated. Larger joint spacing, such as 6 by 6 ft, is sufficient but still may not propagate cracks at every joint. Initiating more joint cracks at early ages may be attained by higher stresses in the concrete layer (e.g., more slab restraint or longer slab sizes), lower material fracture properties, or a deeper notch depth.


To meet the strict emissions regulations, it is required to test and identify highly active and durable catalysts. This paper analyzes the potential of catalytic system in a diesel engine using aluminium-phosphate supported copper phosphate catalytic converter to control nitrous oxide and particulate matter. The particulate matter is reduced by Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter (CDPF) and Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC) systems. The soluble organic fractions of diesel particulate are oxidized by DOC system of the newly developed catalyst coated wire meshes, and the un-soluble fractions of particulate matter are filtered by the same wire mesh filter materials. The experimental results from this investigation demonstrate that 40.58% of NOx reduction is achievable, which clearly shows the possibilities of replacing the noble metal catalysts


Lung cancer has the highest death rate of any cancer diseases in Koreans. However, patients often feel difficult to recognize their disease before facing the terminal diagnosis due to the absence of any significant symptoms. Furthermore, the clear detection of an early cancer stage is usually obscure with existing diagnostic methods. For this reason, extensive research efforts have been made on introducing a wide range of biochemical diagnostic tools for the molecular level analysis of biological fluids for lung cancer diagnoses. A chip-based biosensor, one type of the analytical devices, can be a great potential for the diagnosis, which can be used without any further expensive analytical equipments nor skilled analysts. In this mini review, we highlight recent research trends on searching biomarker candidates and bio-chip sensors for lung cancer diagnosis in addi-tion to discussing their future aspects.


Introduction Myocardial iron loading frequently complicates TDT but factors affecting the highly variable risk are not fully understood and current available predictors do not explain this variability. Chronic blood transfusion in TDT, by correcting anemia, is life saving but also aims to reduce ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) and its complications. Such transfusion will also decrease utilisation of transferrin (Tf) iron by the erythron and increase Tf saturation (TfSat) (Porter et al, Brit J Haematol 2014). Here we examine for the first time, how variable levels of residual erythropoiesis in TDT (marked by soluble transferrin receptors, sTfR), and the consequent presence of ApoTf, affect myocardial iron loading. We then examine how the difference between the transfusional iron loading rate (ILR) and Tf iron utilisation (calculated from sTfR levels) impact on myocardial iron loading. We finally test the hypotheses generated by these findings, using in vitro models of cellular uptake of NTBI and its redox active component LPI, the main conduits of myocardial iron uptake, in the presence and absence of ApoTf. Methods A cohort of 73 TDT patients on deferasirox (DFX) had cardiac MRI and blood biomarkers measured at baseline and at 1.5 years later, over which time the ILR was calculated. Patients were divided into those with cardiac iron (24 cases, cardiac T2* 50s-1) and those without (59 controls, T2*>20ms, R2* Results and Discussion Tf iron utilisation and myocardial iron in TDT. Of all biomarkers analysed, sTfR was most significantly associated with heart iron (p 3x higher in controls than cases. NTBI, LPI, TfSat and ILR were not significantly different in cases and controls, but LIC and ferritin were higher in cases (p=0.003 and 0.002). With sTfR expressed as Tf iron utilisation rate (or erythroid Tf uptake rate, ETUR) after Beguin et al, Blood 1993 and compared to ILR, myocardial iron was present only when the net ILR (ILR-ETUR) exceeded 0.21 mg/kg/d (p Effect of ApoTf and Fe:cit ratio on NTBI uptake into cultured cardiomyocytes. ApoTf or TfSat Conclusion Taken together these data suggest that the risk of myocardial siderosis in TDT is critically dependent on the degree of residual erythropoiesis and the net balance between the transfusional iron delivery (ILR) and the iron utilisation rate by the erythron (ETUR). Myocardial siderosis occurs when the net ILR-ETUR exceeds 0.21 mg/kg/day, the same threshold at which LPI is increased. The likely mechanism is that higher ILR-ETUR values decrease TfSat Disclosures Porter:Celgene: Consultancy; Shire: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.


EST-SSR is a molecular marker based on functional genomics,had been widely used because of its evenly distributed among the genome,better universality between species or genera and characters associated with the phenotypic traits.We downloaded the EST sequences of six genera in Rosaceae(Rosa,Malus,Pyrus,Prunus,Fragaria and Rubus) to study the distributed characteristic of SSR in Rosaceae by bioinformatics methods.There was significant difference of EST-SSR distribution frequency among genera,from 10.94%(Rubus) to 43.49%(Pyrus).The dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats were the major types,AG/CT,GA/TC and AT/TA were the preponderant dinucleotide motifs,the trinucleotide repeats showed significant difference among genera,and the dominant type included AGA/TCT,GAA/TTC,AAG/CTT,CAC/GTG and ACA/TGT.Our results provided a research platform for plant molecular phylogeny and evolution,germplasm identification,genetic diversity and genetic mapping of Rosaceae.


We prove a necessary and sucient condition for the existence of -bounded solutions of a linear nonhomogeneous system of ordinary dieren- tial equations on R.


Thin films of metal phthalocyanine (MPc) are grown on an Au(111) support with a newly developed aerosol molecular beam deposition source and characterized in situ via ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy. MPcs are delivered to Au(111) in a series of N2-entrained microsized solvent droplets of variable surface residence time. Phthalocyanine film registration to the herringbone reconstruction of the Au(111) surface, indicative of thermodynamically favored structure, is observed at submonolayer coverages for aromatic solvents with long residence times. Aerosol-deposited monolayer film structures are noncrystalline with tilted MPc orientations and vacancy nanocavities. Upon annealing, MPc molecules adopt flat-lying orientations with respect to the substrate and vacancies are eliminated. Film morphologies indicate solvation-mediated film nucleation and growth, with less long-range ordering that in vapor-generated films.


Second report in a series presenting torsion testing on aluminum-alloy stiffened circular cylinders. The cylinders were similar to those from the first test with the exception of the wall thickness. Results regarding the action before buckling, buckling of curved panels, tension-field action, and ultimate torsional strengths are provided.


We develop an abstract framework for studying the strong form of Malle's conjecture [J. Number Theory 92 (2002), pp. 315–329; Experiment. Math. 13 (2004), pp. 129–135] for nilpotent groups <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper G">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">G</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> in their regular representation. This framework is then used to prove the strong form of Malle's conjecture for any nilpotent group <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper G">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">G</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> such that all elements of order <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> are central, where <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> is the smallest prime divisor of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="number-sign upper G">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mrow>
      <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">#</mml:mi>
      <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>
    </mml:mrow>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\# G</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>.

We also give an upper bound for any nilpotent group <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper G">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">G</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> tight up to logarithmic factors, and tight up to a constant factor in case all elements of order <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> pairwise commute. Finally, we give a new heuristical argument supporting Malle's conjecture in the case of nilpotent groups in their regular representation.


In this paper, we aim to support the scheme that visual cognition is organized by natural neural networks based on experiences. In this scheme the networks learn correlation between temporal variation of visual stimulation and self-motion to organize visual cognition. We propose a neural network that detects temporal variations of visual stimulation and combine them with corresponding self-motion. The network does not use any prior knowledge about an image such as optical process of formation or pixels arranged in two dimensional plane. By experiments, we show that the proposed network can combine sensation and motion correctly and can recall pattern of one side by input pattern of the other side.


This paper considers the dynamic evolution of algorithmic (recursive) learning rules in a normal form game. It is shown that the system - the population frequencies - is globally stable for any arbitrary N-player normal form game, if the evolutionary process is algorithmic and the "birth process" guarantees that an appropriate set of "smart" rules is present in the population.


A limited mobility nonequilibrium solid-on-solid dynamical model for kinetic surface growth is introduced as a simple description for the morphological evolution of a growing interface under random vapor deposition and surface diffusion bias conditions. Large scale stochastic Monte Carlo simulations using a local coordination dependent instantaneous relaxation of the deposited atoms produce complex surface morphologies whose dynamical evolution is not consistent with any of the existing continuum dynamical surface growth equations. Critical exponents for coarsening and roughening dynamics of the morphological evolution are quantitatively calculated using large scale simulations.


To improve the robustness and dynamics performance of model predictive control (MPC) on three-phase interleaved parallel bidirectional DC/DC converter, this paper proposes MPC strategy based on linear extended state observer (LESO). First, the simplified system mathematical model under boost and buck modes is established, in where the lumped disturbance is observed by LESO, and the prediction model is compensated. The cost function is then designed to obtain the optimal duty cycle for each algorithm cycle, and the switch signal is generated by the carrier phase shifting pulse width modulation (CPS-PWM). Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed strategy can reduce the voltage ripple without the mode judgement, and has good dynamic performance and robustness, compared with PI-MPC.


Cardiac rehabilitation has evolved from an exercise and drug therapy focus to a more comprehensive, multidisciplinary model. Alison Hornby discusses the role of dietitians in CR and how they can support the work of cardiac specialist nurses and physical activity specialists.


Real time PCR was used to discriminate Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides for analysis of population density. Two primers, caInt2 and cgint, used for conventional PCR to discriminate two species were modified with fluorescent dye to make probe for real time PCR. Fluorescence signals were successfully detected by fCaInt2 and vCgint probe coupled with primer pair Unicon and Unicor1 resulting in discrimination of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides by comparison of delta Rn value.


ABSTRACT Objectives: The efficacy of oral iron in treating iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can be limited by poor gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and adverse GI symptoms; intravenous (IV) iron is a well-established alternative. The present study compared the efficacy of two IV iron formulations in patients with IDA: iron isomaltoside (IIM) and ferric carboxymaltose (FCM). Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of IIM and FCM in patients with IDA. An adjusted indirect treatment comparison (ITC) of IIM and FCM was then conducted to evaluate differences in change from baseline hemoglobin and the proportion of patients achieving a clinically-relevant response. Results: The SLR identified no completed RCTs of IIM versus FCM, 5 RCTs of IIM (4 versus oral iron and 1 versus iron sucrose), and 14 RCTs of FCM (11 versus oral iron and 3 versus iron sucrose). In an ITC via iron sucrose, IIM resulted in a significantly larger increase from baseline hemoglobin with a mean difference of +0.249 g/dL with IIM relative to FCM, but there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with a clinically-relevant response. Conclusions: IIM resulted in a larger increase from baseline hemoglobin than FCM in patients with IDA, but with no difference in the proportion of patients responding. Studies comparing IIM and FCM directly would be needed to confirm these findings.