Benthic epifauna was sampled in an area of 10 ×10 nautical miles in the German Bight. Samples were collected in January and July/August from 1998 to 2007 with a standard 2 m beam trawl. The epibenthic communities were severely affected by the cold winter in 1995-1996, which also resulted in high abundance and biomass of the opportunistic brittle star Ophiura albida, in con- nection with low diversity observed at the beginning of our study period. In the following years win- ter bottom temperature increased simultaneously with the decrease of O. albida and the increase in abundance and biomass of other species. It appears that these changes were caused by trophic inter- actions as well as mild winters, which resulted in lower mortality, higher reproduction and higher food supply for benthic fauna due to enhanced primary production. Additionally diversity increased and species such as Astropecten irregularis, Corystes cassivelaunus, Crangon crangon and Crangon allmanni revealed distinct seasonal patterns caused by migration, mortality and reproduction cycles. The changes in community structure are discussed in relation to the general warming trend of the North Sea, which is linked to a phase of continuously increasing North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) since the late 1980s. We found evidence that climatic variability influenced recruitment success, mortality and migration patterns of epifaunal species.


Dairy farming and milk control progress in South-western France. — Introduced since 1936 around Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne), milk control gradually spread out into the neighbouring areas after the second world war but the decisive steps were taken only ten years ago. The controls remain the pride of a minority of farmers, restricted and limited to areas with a very old tradition of milk production (Montagne Noire and Montalbanais). Such controls are developing faster in areas which have come more recently to milk (Segalas of Aveyron and Lot). In the region as a whole, milk controls have speeded up the success of the Frisonne breed of cows and established their superiority.


Moving liquids in microfluidic devices is nowadays a key issue. Existing techniques to drive liquids in microdevices does not allow controlling several single channels or are invasive in the case biological systems for living organisms. Our work deals with a new technique to drive liquids in each single channel of a microfluidic device. This technique is bioinspired by small organism movement and uses thermal actuators as a mean to move liquids. Those thermal actuators are performed by polysilicon selective epitaxial growth to obtain thicker structures than with conventional processes.


Multimedia presentation strategy is one of strategies that can be used for developing students� speaking skills. Therefore, this research is intended to describe how multimedia presentation strategy can improve the eighth graders� speaking skills. A collaborative classroom action research design was employed in this research. This action research was conducted in four main steps, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. To collect the data, some instruments, i.e. students� oral performance test, the observation checklist, field notes, and questionnaire, were used. The result showed that the students� speaking performance improved from 64.29% in Cycle 1 to 100% in Cycle 2. Meanwhile, the students� involvement has achieved the criteria of success (100% of students) in Cycle 1. Here, they could fulfill at least 2 out of 4 indicators in Cycle 1 and Cycle 2. In addition, the students� perception towards the implementation of Multimedia Presentation strategy was 94.29% and only 5.71% of students who were not interested in the implementation of Multimedia Presentation strategy in teaching speaking skills. Hence, it can be concluded that Multimedia Presentation strategy can improve students� speaking skill.


An information-theoretic approach was used to determine the association between brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) invasiveness and a suite of abiotic and biotic factors, measured at 80 sites from 51 streams in the Canadian Rockies. The streams selected had confirmed brook trout invasions and were identified as current or historical nursery habitat for native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). The biomass at most sites was strongly or completely dominated (95%–100%) by one species or the other, and sites were classified as having high brook trout invasiveness (>60% of the biomass of the community relative to remnant bull trout) or low invasiveness (<40%). Among abiotic factors, high brook trout invasiveness was positively associated with stream temperature and undercut bank habitat, but negatively associated with large in-stream substrate (cobbles and boulders). Among biotic factors, brook trout invasiveness was negatively associated with co-occurring rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) or brown trout ...


An analysis is made on the three dimensional flow p ast a vertical porous plate in the presence of radiation immersed in a porous medium. The solutions have been obtained for the velocity and temperature fields, shear stre s es and rate of heat transfer using perturbation technique. It is found that the main f low velocity decreases with increase in radiation parameter for cooling of the plate and in creases for heating of the plate. It is also found that with increase in radiation paramete r, th main flow velocity increases for cooling of the plate and the reverse effect is obse rved for heating of the plate. The temperature distribution decreases with the increas e of the radiation parameter. The shear stresses and the rate of heat transfer, which are o f physical interest are presented in the form of tables.


O-Acetyl-N-(N′-benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl)-L-phenylalaninol was isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana Steudel. The structure has been established by nmr spectral analysis and the synthesis of this compound.


In this paper, a new design approach for an adaptive modulation and coding scheme, combined with the truncated hybrid ARQ (HARQ) in the emerging broadband mobile Internet access systems, is proposed. The progressive combining gain can be obtained by the number of retransmissions in HARQ schemes, as the target packet error rate can vary with each retransmission. In other words, higher bandwidth efficiency can be achieved by selecting a more aggressive modulation and coding rate set (MCS) at the expense of packet error rate of earlier transmissions, which can be compensated by the progressive retransmission gain in HARQ. Based on extensive simulation for predicting the combining gain in each retransmission, it has been demonstrated that bandwidth efficiency can be improved as much as 5.8dB and 3.3dB, compared with the conservative AMC design approach with truncated HARQ and aggressive AMC design approach with truncated ARQ, respectively


The purpose of the present study was to report the oncological and functional results of our experience in open organ preservation surgery of the larynx.


The absolute from the leaves of Amomyrtus meli (R. A. Phillippi) Legrand et Kausel (5902/5913) is dominated by 1-phenylpentan-3-one (1, 36/27%) and 1-phenylhexan-3-one (3, 32/53%). The absolute of Amomyrtus luma (Molina) Legrand et Kausel (5903/5920) is more complex, but it contains also 1 (4.6/8.5%) and 3 (3.5/12.3%) as well as β-caryophyllene oxide (10.7/6.6%) and linalol (5903:11.3%). The principal constituents of the absolute of Amomyrtella guili (Speg.) Kausel are methyl eugenol (48.5%) and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (6.7%), but 1 (3.1%) and 3 (4.4%) are also present. 1-Phenylalkan-3-ones 1–6 as well as 2-alkylchromones 7–9 were synthesized and olfactorily evaluated.


We study the linked tactical design problems of fleet sizing and partitioning a service region into vehicle routing zones for same-day delivery (SDD) systems. Existing SDD studies focus primarily on operational dispatch problems and do not consider system design questions. Prior work on SDD system design has not considered the fleet sizing decision when a service region may be partitioned into zones dedicated to individual vehicles; such designs have been shown to improve system efficiency in related vehicle routing settings. Using continuous approximations to capture average-case operational behavior, we consider first the problem of independently maximizing the area of a single-vehicle delivery zone. We characterize area-maximizing dispatching policies and leverage these results to develop a procedure for calculating optimal areas as a function of a zone's distance from the depot, given a maximum number of daily dispatches per vehicle. We then demonstrate how to derive fleet sizes from optimal area functions and propose an associated Voronoi approach to partition the service region into single-vehicle zones. We test the fleet sizing and partitioning approach in a computational study that considers two different service regions and demonstrate its pragmatism and effectiveness via an operational simulation. Using minimal computation, the approach specifies fleet sizes and builds vehicle delivery zones that meet operational requirements, verified by simulation results.


Background: Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS) continue to be a major complication of vaginal delivery. Although many women do not suffer consequences, others develop different degrees of faecal and/or flatus incontinence that are directly related to the degree of perineal tearing. Anal sphincter injuries are more frequent when instrumental deliveries are performed. The use of forceps is associated with a higher incidence of obstetric perineal trauma, followed using spatulae. Ventouse deliveries are the least likely to cause maternal injuries, at a rate comparable with normal vaginal deliveries. There remains little consensus on the risk factors for the occurrence of OASIS. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury (OASIS) in our population and the risk factors for the occurrence of OASIS at the time of delivery. Material and Methods: Descriptive, retrospective cohort study, in which a perinatal database was used for all births attended at Manises Hospital, Valencia, Spain. All deliveries attended in our hospital between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016. In total 3241 deliveries were included. The main variable was the rate of OASIS. The odds ratio adjusted for the OASIS by risk groups was estimated using logistic regression models and reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The study was conducted on 2682 vaginal deliveries performed in our Unit. 529 caesarean sections were excluded. There were 42 cases of OASIS. The overall OASIS rate was 1,56%. After performing multivariate analysis, statistically significant risk factors were previous cesarean section OR = 3,62 CI 95% (0,01 0,05), ventouse delivery OR = 2,78 CI 95% (0,005 0,006) and forceps delivery OR = 2,28 CI 95% (0,004 0,055). Performance of an episiotomy OR = 1,43 CI 95% (-0,01 0,02) increased the risk of OASI but was not statistically significant. Previous vaginal births were found to be a protective factor against OASIS OR = -1,3 CI 95% (0,03-0,02), although it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The main associated risk factors were forceps delivery, ventouse delivery and previous cesarean section. Patients with previous cesarean section should therefore be warned of the risk of anal obstetric injury if they are going to attempt a vaginal birth after cesarean section.


In a pioneering work, Ding et al. presented an analytical framework for the performance on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), in downlink cellular networks with randomly deployed users. However, the involved integrals are approximated through quadrature methods, where the accuracy depends on the number of terms in the summation and –most importantly– these methods hide the impact of the parameters on the system design. In this letter, we present a novel general closed-form expression for the outage probability of NOMA downlink in cellular networks with randomly deployed users, which can be used for any fading distribution and can reveal useful insights for the system design. Finally, we utilize this formula to provide a closed-form analysis for the important case of Nakagami- ${m}$ fading.


Aims : Understanding the contributions of abiotic and biotic conditions to soil microbial diversity, structure, and function, remains a central focus in soil biology and biogeochemistry. Here we aim to determine how geography and host plant identity influence these different osphere bacterial communities and endosymbionts associated with Acacia heterophylla on La Réunion island (Mascarene archipelago, Indian Ocean) and A. koa in the Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiian archipelago, Pacific Ocean). These two tree species are remarkable: they are each other's closest living relatives despite their habitats being more than 16 000 km apart. Methods : Using 16S rRNA amplicon next-generation sequencing data we show that the structure of rhizosphere communities of these two acacias is largely driven by dispersal limitation between sites and local soil physicochemical conditions within sites. Results : Despite high taxonomic turnover in soils collected from different sites, we found their predicted functions to be largely similar, suggestive of functional redundancy. We also identify a core of rhizosphere taxa associated with both Acacia species in both archipelagos, which included nitrogen-fixing mutualists. Isolation and characterisation of the latter from root nodules of both species further supported strong selection by these plants for the same Bradyrhizobium endosymbionts. Conclusions : Overall, our data suggest that phylogenetically-closely related plants may show remarkably similar selectivity for microbial mutualists over vast geographic distances. Declarations: Not applicable


Heiko Oberman's work on the coming of the Reformation has pioneered newdirections in scholarship. His mastery of connections between medieval and Reformation thoughthave shown the folly of treating the Reformers as if they began with a clean slate. Specialists will know most of the essays already, but collected together they are richly rewarding, distilling so many themes of Oberman's research. The book is essential reading for anyone with a serious interest in the Reformation. SUSAN HARDMAN MOORE (University of Edinburgh)


acknowledgement I have greatly benefitted from my discussions with Dr A.K. Pasha. The end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union brought about significant changes in the international power structure and had far-reaching implications for the conduct of relations among nations. The removal of a countervailing force no doubt brought to an end the decades-old bitter, divisive bipolar politics at the global level, but it also ensured the unquestioned supremacy of the only remaining superpower, the US, in international affairs. At another level, the ideas of free market and economic liberalization became a major tendency the world over. Each nation had to adjust to this new reality by bringing about suitable changes in its foreign policy, both at the broader as well as specific sectoral levels. India was no exception to this. This article makes an attempt to analyse the changes that India has effected with regard to its West Asia policy in the post-Cold War period. It argues that India's West Asia policy has operated within the framework of the international power structure in a given context: it was guided by the Cold War logic till 1990 and by the post-Cold War compulsions after that. I argue that religious considerations have not played any role, either in the formulation of India's West Asia policy on the whole, or in prioritizing its foreign policy goals vis-A-vis individual countries in the context of bilateral relations. I also argue that while during the Cold War period India's West Asia policy was articulated more in political, ideological and moral terms, in the post-Cold War period, economic, energy and security related issues have taken precedence over moral and ideo-


The internet which is fast spread over all areas of our lives provides us with benefits of efficiency, productivity, and amusement; however, its features as an anonymous and non-face-to-face medium have raised a serious social issue of the collapse of internet ethics due to the abuse of it. Thereupon, the importance of internet ethics education has been highlighted to prevent side effects resulted from the internet and cultivate human-centered internet culture. In this paper, we suggests desirable methods for internet ethics education based on the investigation and analysis of the status of university freshmen`s internet ethics. This research conducted a survey and analyzed its result after categorizing the status of internet ethics into the invasion of private information, invasion of intellectual property rights, harmful information, internet communication culture, cyber violence, internet addiction, and internet fraud. And based on the result of analyzing their internet ethics, this paper suggests desirable methods for internet ethics education. Next, internet ethics education was conducted by applying the proposed methods for internet ethics education, and its educational effect was evaluated. According to the result of verifying the educational effect measured statistically, it has proved that the suggested internet ethics education is effective to improve undergraduates` internet ethics.


Based on the current safety monitoring technology in coal mines and the embedded system technology, a kind of ARM kernel-based monitoring system with high performance for mine safety is developed.The gas discharge at the top comer by fluid driving fan equipment, the long distance monitoring of top comer gas in coal mines by embedded Web system, choosing A/D,D/A and sensor by concrete needs,and the long distance testingcontrolling system composed of the embedded Web Server and Internet. Therefore, we can solve the accumulation problem of top comer gas in coal mines more effectively.


A Project Report submitted to the School of Business in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of the Degree in Master in Business Administration


This study investigated the expression and tissue distribution of inositol monophosphatase (IMPA1) and characterized its role in salinity adaptation in the eel. The coding sequence of eel IMPA1 was determined and confirmed to be orthologous to the mammalian gene/enzyme by phylogenetic analysis and structural modeling. Quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot techniques indicated up to 17‐fold increases in mRNA expression and 2‐fold increases in protein abundance in major osmoregulatory tissues following transfer of fish to seawater (SW). This was accompanied by up to 5‐fold increases in enzyme activity, and 1.8‐ and 3‐fold increases in inositol contents within the gill and kidney, respectively. Immunohistological studies revealed that IMPA1 protein expression predominated in SW‐acclimated fish within basal epithelial/epidermal layers of the gill, esophagus, intestine, skin, and fins. SW transfer also induced a 10‐fold increase in inositol content in the fin. IMPA1 immunoreactivity was also identified in chondrocytes within the cartilagenous matrix of the gills and fins, as well as in clusters of interstitial cells surrounding the kidney tubules. The observed increases in expression of IMPA1 highlight a protective role for inositol within various eel tissues following SW acclimation. This constitutes an adaptive mechanism in teleost fish naturally exposed to hypertonic environments.—Kalujnaia, S., McVee, J., Kasciukovic, T., Stewart, A. J., Cramb, G. A role for inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1) in salinity adaptation in the euryhaline eel (Anguilla anguilla). FASEB J. 24, 3981–3991 (2010). www.fasebj.org


A statistical-mechanical theory of the Kerr constant is presented, and expressions are derived which are applicable at any density. For anisotropic molecules without permanent dipole moments, the Kerr constant is expanded, powers of the polarizability and the leading non-vanishing terms retained. To this order of accuracy, the molecular Kerr constant of molecules of this type is unaffected by pressure changes provided the forces acting between the molecule are independent of orientation. Experimental data for some compressed non-polar gases support this conclusion. For orientationally dependent intermolecular forces, the Kerr constant is expanded in powers of the density and the leading term representing a departure from ideal behaviour is discussed in some detail for both polar and non-polar molecules.


Magnetic skyrmions are topologically distinct particles whose thermally activated motion could be used to implement probabilistic computing paradigms. While solid-liquid phase transitions in skyrmion lattices have been demonstrated, the behavior of a skyrmion liquid and the effects of pinning are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate the formation of a weakly pinned skyrmion liquid in a magnetic heterostructure. By inserting a Ru wedge layer at the ferromagnet / heavy metal interface we evaluate the dependence of skyrmion dynamics on the skyrmion size and density. Our experiments demonstrate that the diffusion of skyrmions is largest in dense liquids with small skyrmions. The thermal motion of skyrmions at room temperature easily overcomes the narrow distribution of pinning site energies in the granular film structure, satisfying a key requirement of probabilistic device architectures. Micromagnetic simulations support the findings and also reveal the existence of a thermally activated high-frequency


Former fuzzy-pacemaker algorithms could combine inputs from sensors effectively, but there have been difficulties in implementation because of complex calculation and limitations of memory. In this paper, a pacemaker algorithm, which controlled heart rate adaptively by motion and respiratory rate, is proposed. Consequently, the inferred heart rate using neuro-fuzzy method was more accurate than the one using normal fuzzy table look-up method, and the applicability to a real pacemaker system was achieved by reduced mapping of neuro-fuzzy consequential table, which was accomplished with a shift operator and 1 K memory bytes.


Each year, tens of thousands of workers, mostly from Mexico and mostly men, enter the United States on temporary visas to labor in its agricultural fields. H-2A workers, as they are known, are the ultimate outsiders: contracted by a single employer for a specified period, they face dangerous labor and housing conditions, without the option of seeking other employment and with no other ties to or rights in the United States. Despite a robust regulatory scheme that mandates terms—including their hourly wage and expenses their employer is required to cover—H-2A workers are frequently exploited; experiencing everything from wage theft to the extraction of unlawful recruitment fees, they risk retaliation by employers and recruiters if they dare to complain about the mistreatment. To compound the problem, the systems in place to redress these wrongs are woefully insufficient: government enforcement is weak, and H-2A workers' ability to take direct action is undercut by factors such as their temporary and isolated presence in the United States and the limitations on their access to legal representation. Despite these constraints, there are examples of H-2A workers who have filed civil lawsuits against their employers. Having done so, they still encounter obstacles to their full participation in the process, due to the lack of familiarity with the U.S. legal system and the likelihood that the litigation will continue past the time they leave the United States.

In this article, I explore strategies for minimizing the disconnect between H-2A workers and the process of civil litigation and consider the ways in which litigation itself can be an empowering process and vehicle for amplifying worker voice. Using the frame of client-centered lawyering and drawing on two recent case studies of community lawyering among low-wage immigrant workers, I discuss the methods that lawyers representing H-2A workers can employ during the various stages of a civil lawsuit to ensure that their clients are not again relegated to an outsider status. In particular, I focus on four "moments" in the life of a case: the decision to file a lawsuit, the drafting of the complaint, discovery, and trial. Moreover, I consider how client voice can be amplified outside of the four corners of a lawsuit by providing strategies for how to do so while settling cases and discussing the downstream, indirect effects of litigation on H-2A worker empowerment. By putting these considerations into practice, I argue that litigation itself can both serve as an empowering experience for H-2A workers and shed light on the abuses within the H-2A program more generally.


English anatomical text-books, describing the coraco-clavicular ligament, usually mention that a bursa occupies the interval between its conoid and trapezoid parts (e.g. Johnston & Whillis, 1954; Wood Jones, 1953). Schafer, Symington & Bryce (1915) add that a complete joint is occasionally found here. Joints in this situation are known to radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons who consider them to be rare anomalies. Thus, Moore & Renner (1957) found 5 joints in 3886 roentgenograms, Nutter (1941) found 12 in 1000 roentgenograms, and Wertheimer (1948) found 2 in 277 roentgenograms. All of these cases were detected radiologically and their recognition dependedon the presence of a bony process projecting from the clavicle in the region of the conoid tubercle and articulating with the coracoid process, an appearance similar to that shown in P1. 1, fig. 9. Other single cases found radiologically have been reported by Gradoyevitch (1939), and also by Hall (1950), and Wertheimer (1948). In the latter two cases the bony clavicular 'exotosis' was surgically removed. An articular facet in the region of the conoid tubercle of the clavicle has long been recognized by anatomists as a rather uncommon osteological feature. Testut (1904) noted its occasional presence, Parsons (1916) found 4 in 286 bones, Jaluhvka (1956) 25 in 491 clavicles, and Ray (1958) one pair in 292 Australian aboriginal clavicles. Isolated examples of coraco-clavicular joints have been recorded as rarities in dissecting room material by Bennett (1873), Gowland (1915), Meyer (1915) and Schlyvitch (1937). In the dissecting room the author has frequently observed cartilage-covered articulating facets, of varying degrees of elaboration, on the clavicle and coracoid process together with an intervening synovial cavity even in the absence of any bony clavicular outgrowth. In this connexion it is of interest that Poirier (1890) considered that a true joint occurred in the region in three out of ten cases. Testut (1904) also, while recording three examples of the joint seen by himself, stated that joints here are far from being rare. These findings are clearly at variance with the generally accepted descriptions. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to resolve the discrepancies in anatomical descriptions of this region.


ABSTRACT The effectiveness of mulching in reducing the risk of erosion has been evaluated in numerous studies. However, its effect on carbon loss has received less attention, despite the potentially negative effects on ecosystem recovery. In this study, the effects of straw helimulching on soil erosion and carbon loss in sediments were investigated after a severe wildfire in NW Spain during the first three years after fire. During the first year after the fire, the accumulated mean sediment yield was 12.4 Mg ha−1 in the control plots and 0.5 Mg ha−1 in the mulched plots. Soil erosion decreased sharply during the second year after the fire and was almost inexistent during the third year after the fire. No differences in carbon concentration were detected between treatments during the period of study. A significantly lower amount of carbon was lost after the mulching treatment due to its effectiveness in reducing sediment erosion. The mulching treatment did not significantly influence the amount of carbon sequestered in the vegetation. Although the application of mulch did not affect carbon fixation in vegetation, its application after fire can be considered a sustainable way of managing forest ecosystems to reduce the impact of fire on carbon emissions.


I never had the honor of talking to Dr. Bernard Nathanson. But someone told me once that he asked Dr. Nathanson about his remorse after performing thousands of abortions.


Based on the convenience and efficiency of the USB interface bus,a new solution is brought forward to combine the Power Line Carrier Communication Module with USB interface,it is easy to fulfill the automatic and network control for familial electric devices.Here the system frame and work principle is expatiated,this scheme shows an efficacious solution to the intellectualized home system.


The evolution of the World Wide Web has created a great opportunity for data production and for the construction of public repositories that can be accessed all over the world. However, as our ability to generate new data grows, there is a dramatic increase in the need for its efficient integration and access to all the dispersed data. In specific fields such as biology and biomedicine, data integration challenges are even more complex. The amount of raw data, the possible data associations, the diversity of concepts and data formats, and the demand for information quality assurance are just a few issues that hinder the development of a general proposal and solid solutions. In this article we describe a lightweight information integration architecture that is capable of unifying, in a single access point, several heterogeneous bioinformatics data sources. The model is based on web crawling that automatically collects keywords related with biological concepts that are previously defined in a navigation protocol. This crawling phase allows the construction of a link-based integration mechanism that conducts users to the right source of information, keeping the original interfaces of available information and maintaining the credits of original


This study was conducted to assess the immunomodulatory potentials [immunoglobulin E (IgE), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] of cement dust in individuals occupationally exposed to cement. Potentials of cement particles to modulate immune responses have not been documented in occupationally exposed Nigerians. Twenty-nine male cement loaders who had direct exposure to cement dust and gases for a period of 2 to 30 years in Elephant/Lafarge Cement Depot Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited for this study. Another twenty apparently healthy individuals who had no interaction with cement served as controls. Plasma levels of IgE, IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined in them using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The results showed significantly (p 0.05) change in the cement loaders compared with controls. There was no significant (p>0.05) correlation between the IgE, IFN-γ, TNF-α and period of exposure in the cement loaders. Cement dust could evoke IgE production and possibly inhibit certain cell types secreting IFN-γ in occupationally exposed workers. Clinicians and researchers may need to rule out recent exposure to cement dust when working on type I hypersensitivity conditions.

 Key words: Cement, allergen, Interferon-γ, necrotic factor-alpha.


Generator-source short-circuit current(GSC) exhibits high degree of asymmetry,which may lead to delayed current zero under special conditions.In this paper,based on generator parameters in practice,GSC waveforms of generator circuit-breaker(GCB) are calculated with and without the influence of arc,the reason why GSC appears delayed zero is discussed,and the influence of arc on predicting GSC is analyzed.Moreover,by comparing the calculation results of GSC with the interrupting waveform of system-source short-circuit current from test,the interrupting capability for GSC,especially GSC with delayed current zero,is analyzed.This study may provide a reference for determining the interrupting capability of GCB for GSC.


In this paper we re-examine the security notions suggested for hash functions, with an emphasis on the delicate notion of second preimage resistance. We start by showing that, in the random oracle model, both Merkle-Damgard and Haifa achieve second preimage resistance beyond the birthday bound, and actually up to the level of known generic attacks, hence demonstrating the optimality of Haifa in this respect. We then try to distill a more elementary requirement out of the compression function to get some insight on the properties it should have to guarantee the second preimage resistance of its iteration. We show that if the (keyed) compression function is a secure FIL-MAC then the Merkle-Damgard mode of iteration (or Haifa) still maintains the same level of second preimage resistance. We conclude by showing that this "new" assumption (or security notion) implies the recently introduced Preimage-Awareness while ensuring all other classical security notions for hash functions.


Studies of diagnostic reliability are important for quality control both in clinical work and in research. In clinical work such studies are often neglected. This is undesirable and may lead to use of inadequate procedures. Twenty-five children were included in an inter-rater reliability study of four commonly used diagnostic instruments for classification of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). The instruments were ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria, DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Estimates for inter-rater reliability between two experienced clinicians were calculated. The highest reliability was obtained using ICD-10 research criteria, and the lowest reliability using the CARS. Implications for clinical practice as to selection of diagnostic instruments and systems are discussed.


The author has recently been involved in trying to predict the specific technical areas where optical technology will next make a major technical and economic impact in advanced computer systems. This paper discusses some of the overall issues and highlights two new examples which he believes are likely to be important on a fairly short timescale. Because both basic physics and known device technologies suggest that it is likely to be most efficient to use photons for transmission and electrons for switching, the paper concentrates on fixed optical interconnection links between processors with all switching in the electrical domain. Breakthroughs in low energy optical switching could alter this view.


representing the pelvis and the trunk, and thus prevents motiou in the vertebral joints, v v, while motion at the hip, at H, iS free. The limlb is then raised in flexion, as in Fig. 9, and theclip is moved from A to B, releasing the vertebral joints afdixing the hip-joint. When an attempt is then made to reduce flexion or lower the limb to the table the result ig lordosis. It is interesting to note, by observing the transverse dotted lines, that the patient's height is increased by-either adductioa or abduction and decreased by flexion 'Vhen either is combined with fixati;n. The height is dimirilihed in lateral curvature of the spine 'by the sigmoid curve, in Pott's disease by kyphosis, and in hip disease by lordosis The deformity of hip disease may readily, and with sufficient accuracy, be measured bythe use ofthe oniometer, two forms of which are shovn in Figs. 6 and 9. this instrument s simple in construction, and may well be in frequent clinical use. The one shown in Fig. g is made by attaching arms to a protractor. To Measure Adduction or Abduction.-The limb is slowly moved in the direction of adduction and abduction alternately until, after repeated trials, it is seen that when it is held at a certain point in the arc of lateral motion the iliac spines are at right angles with the axis of the trunk. One arm of the goni;4ometer is then held parallel 'with a line connecting the iliad spines. If the table is against the-wall of the room, it is convenient to see 'that 'the iliac spines are 'at right angles witlhthewall, and then-thearm of-the goniometermaybe directedpoint blank at -the wall. The other arm is fhen made to c6incide with a line parallel, as near-as may be, with the axis of the limh, whichAmAy, for this purpose, be considered to extond from tbe'middle of Poupart's -ligitment to the middile of the heel. If "the axis of the thigh only is considered, the 'incidental'presence 'of genu' vagum or varum would impair the value of the observation. The degrees may then be counted on thescale of the protractor. To Measure Fle*ion.-With one hand the limb is slowly raised and lowered alternately until, after repeated, trials, it is foundthat when the' limb is held at a 'certain 'point the lumbar spines press gently on the' fingers' of the other hand placed under the back. One arm-of the goniometer is then held horizontally by the hand released from under the back, while the other arm is made to coincide as near as may be, with 'a line parallel with the axis of the mass of the limb. The degrees then read off on the inner scale of the protractor are the degrees of flexion. Although its determinations are, from the nature of the case, only approximate, the goniometer is "an instrument of precision, and as such finds a place in the consulting room. Writers on this subject have usually viewed deformity as the result of immobilisation of the 'hip-joint. The figures and models referred to in the preceding pages have been constructed with that view. As a matter of fact, however, few cases present absolutely immovable joints at any stage. 'There is almost always considerablemotion. In the acute stage the joint, which at the first glance appears to be motionless, is found to yield through 'an ard of many degrees in response to gentle force rightly applied. Later in -the course of the disease 'many cases show wide and free passive motion' in different directions, and the point at which motion' is arrested often varies from day to da-y; and even in after-life the position of the limb is subject to considerable variation. The use of the goniometer facilitates recognition of these phenomena. Further observation in this direction may add to our knowledge and to the efficiency of treatment.


589Background: The Katherine trial has shown that adjuvant T-DM1 improved invasive disease free survival (iDFS) of patients with HER2+ breast cancer who did not achieve a pathological complete resp...


A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method for det er mination of cinnamaldehyde,4-methoxysalicylaldehyde,eugenol,ligustilide and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate in Wujiapi healthcare wine was reported.10Wine sam ples were pretreated with petroleum ether-ether extraction,then analyzed throu gh HP INNOWAX column,and determined by selected ion method of mass spectrometry de-tector.The standard-added recovery rates were no less than91.6%.The determination result indicated that there was great difference of the volatile feature components among those wine samples.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


This paper proposes an algorithm based on 3-Dimensional minimally rigid graph focusing on the topology control problem in the study of the wireless sensor networks (WSN). Based on generating the 3D minimally rigid graph, the algorithm limits the node degree to reduces the degree variance. The research results prove that the average node degree of the topology constructed by this algorithm tends to be the optimal value 6. Moreover, the algorithm can effectively balance the node energy consumption and improve the network connectivity. Simulation results further verify the algorithm validity.


The Bashan reservoir of Yishui county of Shandong province is a state irrigation works project gathering with irrigation,preventing flood,generating electricity and aquaculture. In recent years,fish farming in net-cage has been greatly increased. However,due to over loaded net-cages,the effect of normal capture is not good,the capture rate is less than 30%. Therefore,the author introduced the theory of"ensnare by lighting"in the reservoir,structure of net-cages and its operations,etc. The author indicated that"ensnare by lighting"can be used for digging fishery resources potential of the reservoir,increasing economic benefit of the reservoir,developing capture level in big water areas and increasing the capture rate.


Study searching for an effective predictor of student performance in the first term of a full-year general chemistry sequence for allied health students.


The effect of silver and the so-called green phase, Y2BaCuO5 (211), on YBa2Cu3Ox (123) melt textured samples has been investigated to check whether better grain alignment is possible in shorter times. We demonstrate that the addition of silver to YBCO always led to enhanced texturing in short times, while not disturbing the typical microstructure of the composite 123 plus 211, that is believed essential for high critical currents in these high Tc superconductors.


In this reporting period work has been completed on the simulation model of the hydrotreating process section. This model successfully tested the integrated operation of the Simulation System including the physical properties subsystems and involving pseudo-components and solids stream flows. The hydrotreating reactor model was modified to include improved temperature profile predictions. The plant capital cost estimation subsystem has been redesigned to allow use as a stand alone package. The revised package will include a redesigned cost data bank, equipment costing programs, factored plant and auxiliary equipment programs as well as a profitability analysis routine. Implementation of the revised economics package is expected to be completed during the third quarter of 1978. The physical properties package has been updated by the addition of routines for the accurate estimation of the thermodynamic properties of steam. A steady state model of the methanation section has been assembled. Scrubber, multi-phase separator, and turbine models have been developed for the vapor recovery and heat recovery process sections. Work is in progress on a detailed model of the char lift leg and the steam reformer. progress has been delayed but work is continuing on the hierarchical process calculation system outlined in Fe--2275-7.


The current US president is not the first American leader to use inflammatory rhetoric about Latinos and push anti-immigration policies, but Donald Trump's presidency has certainly brought these issue to the forefront of American politics. This episode we're diving into the fear, resentment, and history behind racism towards Latinos, and in doing so, we'll see that this is far from ...


This article addresses the debate between emotion-expression and motive-communication approaches to facial movements, focusing on Ekman's (1972) and Fridlund's (1994) contrasting models and their historical antecedents. Available evidence suggests that the presence of others either reduces or increases facial responses, depending on the quality and strength of the emotional manipulation and on the nature of the relationship between interactants. Although both display rules and social motives provide viable explanations of audience "inhibition " effects, some audience facilitation effects are less easily accommodated within an emotion-expression perspective. In particular emotion is not a sufficient condition for a corresponding "expression," even discounting explicit regulation, and, apparently, "spontaneous "facial movements may be facilitated by the presence of others. Further, there is no direct evidence that any particular facial movement provides an unambiguous expression of a specific emotion. However, information communicated by facial movements is not necessarily extrinsic to emotion. Facial movements not only transmit emotion-relevant information but also contribute to ongoing processes of emotional action in accordance with pragmatic theories.


Hammad al-Rawiya, last of the true rawis, or reciters of tribal poetry, was renowned among the newly urbanized Arabs of Damascus and Baghdad for declaiming poems he had heard recited by the Bedouin of the Arabian heartland. In the latter half of the eighth century he put together a collection of seven remarkable poems known collectively as the Mu'allaqat, or Hanging Odes. They have always been shrouded in mystery. Legend tells that in the sixth century, some years before the rise of Islam, the poems were transcribed in letters of gold on the finest Egyptian linen and suspended from the Ka'ba in Mecca as trophies during the Sacred Months of Peace, when the Bedouin laid down their arms and went on their annual pilgrimage to the fairgrounds of 'Ukaz, near Mecca. Rival clans mingled in the marketplace, and, when not feasting or buying and selling wares, gathered round as the rawis swayed and pitched their lines to the rapt audience. Could these performances have been transcribed at such an early date? The notion has been contested by both medieval and modern scholars. Yet the legend lives on, bolstering the iconic status of the Mu'allaqatm the collective imagination of the Arabic-speaking world. The image of pagan poetry hung from the holy shrine of the Ka'ba serves to bind the ancient world of desert lore to Islam, and the poets themselves-Imru al-Qays ("the Vagabond Prince"), Tarafa ("the One the Gods Loved"), Zuhair ("the Moralist"), Labid ("the Man with the Crooked Staff"), Antara ("the Black Knight"), Amr Ibn Kulthum ("the Regicide"), and Harith ("the Leper")-have passed into legend, each lapped in a vast oral tradition. The Mu'allaqat are the most famous-and among the earliest-examples of the qasida (commonly translated as "ode"), a form that frequently runs to some hundred and twenty lines. The term may derive from the root qasada, meaning "to aim" or "go forward," or else from qasar, "to break," in reference to the mandatory division of the line into two rhythmically equal halves-a binary thrust and parry not unlike the alliterative line in Anglo-Saxon verse. The qasida is distinguished as well by the masterful application of various quantitative meters and a single, unifying end-rhyme announced in the second (locking) hemistich of the first line. As for structure, it is divided into three parts: the nasib, or erotic prelude; the rahiL, or chase; and the fakhr, or boast. And it is punctuated by a series of obligatory motifs-the deserted campsite; the recalled departure of the beloved bobbing in her decorated howdah; the slaughter of the naqa, or she-camel-that are modified and reshuffled with great ingenuity. The first such motif, with which each of the Mu'allaqat begins, is the atlal, an evocation of the abandoned encampment of the poet's beloved. Traces of her tribe's ephemeral presence-charred firewood, blackened hearthstones, shards of pottery, shreds of wool, camel dung-are found in the blank terrain, and these touch off anguished riffs on love and loss. AJl that is needed is the faintest of signs, a token of an ancient passion, and remembrance ignites like a fuse. "One quickly enters the linguistic territory of the 'detective story,'" writes Harold Schimmel in his tractate on the qasida, which takes the form of over a hundred aphoristic fragments scattered like flints in the desert. "Motives, evidence, clues, tracks, signs, details. A portion of specific circumstances of what happened." Here is the atlal of the earliest of the qasidists, Imru al-Qays, who is thought to have died around 550 and whom Mohammad, legend has it, proclaimed "the most poetical of the poets, and their leader into Hellfire." The translation-the first into English-is by William Jones and dates from 1782: Stay-Let us weep at the remembrance of our beloved, at the sight of the station where her tent was raised, by the edge of yon bending sands between Dahul and Haumal, Tudih and Mikra; a station, the marks of which are not wholly effaced, though the south wind and the north have woven the twisted sand. …


Abstract : The objective of this program was to investigate the detonation propagation characteristics of aqueous slurries of RDX, HMX, M-1 and two types of nitrocellulose in 2 inch, schedule 40, stainless steel pipes of various lengths. Two operational modes were studied; the dynamic or pumping mode and, the static, or settled slurry mode. The dynamic condition was simulated by adding an inert gelling agent to a homogeneous, aqueous, explosive slurry. (Author)


To confirm the location of the nitrogen fixing genes whether on the plasmids or on the genomic DNA the Rhizobial isolates isolated from pea (Pisum sativum) were treated with acridine orange with various concentrations and fixed nitrogen was estimated from the media in which these rhizobia were grown. There was no significant difference in between the cured and non cured strains of the Rhizobium which proved that the nitrogen fixing genes are not plasmid borne but these are located on the genomic DNA.


The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the subsequent emergence of variants of the causative virus has compromised the public health system and even highlighted our shortcomings in preparedness and response plan. Considering the fact that we have fallen short in our efforts to contain the disease among normal populations, it becomes a really big challenge for the authorities to prevent the occurrence of similar incidents (outbreaks) in vulnerable settings like camps. As most of the inmates will have not much awareness about the infection or will have misconceptions about the disease, the first and foremost strategy is to create awareness about the disease and explain them about the way disease can be prevented or manifests. The need of the hour is to ensure that provisions are strengthened for early identification & initiation of prompt treatment to the infected people. To conclude, the outbreak of COVID-19 in camp settings can prove to be quite severe considering the fact that their environment is quite compromised and they are highly vulnerable to acquire the infection. It is essential that specific targeted interventions are planned and implemented to ensure their safety and wellbeing.


Drawing on the theory on the legal system regarding commercial subject in commercial laws,a review is made of the legal qualities that China's commercial banks should possess,thus providing a commercial law perspective on the study of legal system regarding commercial banks so as to clarify some legal views on the commercialization of the former state-owned specialized banks with a view to promoting this process.


Rapeseed-Mustard are important oilseed crop of the world being grown in around 50 countries across the six continents. The crop is grown both in sub-tropical and tropical countries. Among different oilseed crops grown in India, the Rapeseed-Mustard (Brassica spp.) contributes 29.5% in the total production of oilseeds. In India, it is the second most important edible oilseed after groundnut sharing 27.8% in the India's oilseed economy (Anonymous, 2015). Indian mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss (2n = 2x = 36, genome AABB) is the oldest of the cultivated amphidiploids. It is called as "rai", "raya" or "laha" is one of the important oilseed crops belonging to family cruciferae (Syn. Brassicaceae) and genus Brassica. The available evidences indicate that B.juncea was under cultivation in Indus valley in around 3000 BC. The species probably evolved in the Middle East, where its putative diploid progenitors Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra are sympatric (Prakash and Hinata, 1980). Mustard is largely self-pollinated crop but certain amount (5 18%) of cross pollination may take place (Labana and Banga, 1984).


It has been postulated by some researchers that the level of plasma renin activity may have some predictive value in determining which hypertensive patients will develop a heart attack or stroke.l-4 It has been stated that high plasma renin activity may predispose to serious vascular injury, and that patients with low renin essential hypertension are protected from the development of heart attacks and strokes.4 If this hypothesis is validated, namely that patients with low renin essential hypertension are protected from the complications usually ascribed to hypertensive disease, then there can be


Most Data On radium protection are based on the absorption coefficients obtained with narrow collimated beams and on the application of the "inverse-square" law. Yet, in the majority of protection problems we are dealing with radiation that is not limited to a small cross section and with conditions where the scattered radiation from neighboring objects contributes considerably to the dose received by the radium workers. In thisstudy we have compared the transmission of gamma radiation through lead for narrow and broad beams. Experiments were arranged also to determine the validity of the "inverse-square" law as applied to radium protection. Finally, a study was made of the protection obtained with lead shields of the type used while handling radium. Apparatus And Experimental Procedure The characteristics of the three types of ionization chambers used in this investigation are shown in Table I. The spherical chamber, SX-11, was used for all the measurements2 after preliminary tests had shown that the dif...


Early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may lead to very early vascular complications. Cardiovascular mortality is two to five times higher in adults with diabetes than in people without diabetes. The cardiovascular risk of young people with T2DM is unknown. T2DM in young people is associated with marked visceral obesity, insulin resistance and microalbuminuria. We recently showed that these subjects did not improve in either fitness (maximum volume of oxygen consumption, VO2max) or glucose disposal after exercise training. Seven subjects with early-onset T2DM (aged 26.1±0.9 years, body mass index [BMI] 35.6±1.2 kg/m2) and 14 age-matched obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (aged 25. 6±0.9 years, BMI 34. 3±1.4 kg/m2) underwent aerobic training for 12 weeks. Serum vascular inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule [sICAM-1], soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule [sVCAM-1], E-Selectin and P-Selectin) were measured before and after the training programme. At baseline, plasma concentrations of vascular inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in both groups. They did not improve after exercise.


Pneumomediastinum is a relatively frequent complication of COVID-19. It usually take up to 21 days to reabsorb and, in the critically ill, it could prolong time of mechanical ventilation and healing of the lung. In this case series, we present seven consecutive patients where Pneumomediastinum developed during non-invasive ventilation and was treated by prone positioning. Reabsorption was obtained in 48 hours in all the Cases.


Innovation of manufacturing in the Industry 4.0 era accompanies integration of ICT, such as the Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical System, and change the conventional factory into a smart factory. An assessment tool is suggested to measure how much a company or a country is ready for the innovation represented by smart factory. Current manufacturing innovation has two aspects; one is smart appliances to be equipped into a factory, the other is change in organization and culture within manufacturing enterprises. Those two viewpoints are reflected in the assessment criteria for measurement of smartness readiness. The assessment model includes intuitional and comprehensible criteria so that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can easily assess their readiness for Industry 4.0. A pilot survey was conducted by applying the designed tool in order to measure the Industry 4.0 readiness of manufacturing industry in Korea.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the effects of MNCs measured by the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on the promotion of renewable energy consumption and non-renewable energy in Bangladesh. It is an emergency issue these days and makes some policy suggestions.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review, the study sets a time series models to empirically test FDI degrades the environmental quality in Bangladesh, using the parametric (GMM, IV estimations) and non-parametric approaches (quantile regression).FindingsThe main findings drawn from the empirical analysis are as follows. First, the FDI inflows lead to more CO2 emissions in the Bangladeshi economy. In other words, the MNCs promote the usages of non-renewable energy which causes an increase in pollution. Second, the FDI inwards discourage renewable energy consumption and in terms of magnitude, the negative impacts of FDI on renewable energy are higher than the positive effect of FDI on CO2 emissions. This makes the situation worse.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to Bangladesh and explores the total impact of FDI on the environment. For further investigation, it would be better to do a detailed investigation on the FDI-renewable and nonrenewable energy relationship. For instance, one could test which type of FDI promotes green energy consumption and which one is dirtier. So, the sectorial FDI effects on pollution.Originality/valueMost past studies parametric techniques and did not compare the effects of FDI on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, Unlike the previous empirical studies, this paper uses GMM and IV estimations for the parametric approach and quantile regression (QR) as a robustness check. Also, it is the first study that approves the crowding-out effect of non-renewable using the FDI channel.


Traditionally, query execution engines in relational databases have followed a query-centric model: They optimize and execute each incoming query using a separate execution plan, independent of other concurrent queries. For workloads with low contention for resources, or workloads with short-lived queries, this model makes the optimization phase faster and creates efficient execution plans. For workloads with heavy contention, or workloads with long-running analytical queries, this model cannot exploit the sharing opportunities that might exist among concurrent queries in order to save I/O, CPU and RAM resources. We argue that exploiting these sharing opportunities is a crucial step towards handling these increasingly common workloads. In this paper, we study three research prototype systems that employ various methodologies for sharing data and work: (a) The QPipe query execution engine [1], which employs a circular scan per table and shares work through simultaneous pipelining, (b) the DataPath system [2], which employs an uninterrupted linear scan per disk and shares work through a global query plan, and (c) the SharedDB system [3], which employs a circular scan per table partition, shares work through a global query plan, uses batched execution, and services both OLTP and OLAP workloads under response time guarantees. We classify these methodologies, analyze their commonalities and differences, and identify their strengths and shortcomings.


Objectives
To investigate operating highlights and clinical value of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal tumors by thulium laser.

Methods
Ten cases of renal tumors received retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy by thulium laser, the tumor's diameter was (3.1±0.7)cm, located on one side or protruded from the surface of the kidney.

Results
The operations were performed successfully, with the operation time (105.14±19.63)min, the blood loss(112.63±20.21)mL, no intraoperative blood transfusion occurred. No postoperative bleeding and urine leakage occurred.

Conclusions
Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal tumors by thulium laser might be safe and effective, with low blood loss, less damage and quick recovery and so on.

Key words:
Kidney Neoplasms; Lasers; Laparoscopes; Thulium


The historian Philippe Aries has described the transformation of dying through centuries, starting with "Tamed death," in which death was familiar and people knew how to die; the dying and their families accepted death calmly; they knew when death was coming and what to do. Later came "One's own death," where death became more personalized. The dying had heaven to hope for or hell to fear; they had a stake in their death. The 18th century saw a shift in perspective towards "Thy death", where death began to be dramatized, revered and feared - it began to be understood as discrete from the normal ebb and flow of life. And with 20th century, with the arrival of science and the modern hospital, came "Forbidden death" where death is "unwanted and fought against … on the hospital bed, while one is unconscious, alone, and…[trying] to eschew death until the last minutes."


This paper presents a general design methodology for multistream plate-fin heat exchangers that incorporates the consideration of operability aspects through the manipulation of stream flow passage arrangement. The main features of the design approach are uniform heat load per passage and secondary surface or fin selection. Surface selection is implemented as a means to achieve uniformity in the heat transfer rate of the various streams that take part in the heat exchange process. Uniform heat load content per passage is a design consideration through which an equal number of hot and cold passages is achieved. Under these conditions, the number of passages allocated to a given stream is directly proportional to its heat capacity mass flow rate. A simple model for the steady-state simulation of multistream exchangers is also presented. This model can be used to determine the exchanger response to changes in temperature and flow rate that may take place during operation. Results indicate that flow passage arrangement is a design consideration that can be manipulated to reduce the effect of these types of disturbances upon the target temperatures of specific streams.


The story of wage gaps in American labor is generally a story of improvement, but by separating data by cohort to follow women by age group across decades, we can spot persistent wage gaps–and even some that are widening.


Abstract. The article presents the results of the analysis of the minimum range of medicines (MP) required for medical applications. The classification of medicinal products by ATX and dosage forms, as well as the results of a comparative analysis of the minimum assortment of pharmacies, pharmacy points, pharmacy kiosks and individual entrepreneurs. The material for the study was the classification of MP relevant for 2021 by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 12.10.2019 N 2406-r (ed. dated December 23, 2021) "On approval of the list of vital and essential medicines, as well as lists of medicines for medical use and the minimum range of medicines necessary for the provision of medical care." Competent maintenance of a minimum assortment in pharmacy organizations has an impact on timely, rational and effective drug provision of the population [2,3,9].


The excessive use of water resources of Shiyang River has caused water shortage and ecological environment deterioration in oasis Minqin county in lower reaches of the Shiyang River.As the result,Minqin has become the fourth source of sandstorm of China.In this paper,a conception to set up "Digital Shiyang River Basin" is proposed.It is thought that a reasonable water use mechanism should be established and the "Digital Shiyang River Basin" should be developed technically.Finally,the application of the "Digital Shiyang River Basin" in sandstorm control is analyzed.


The animal and the farmer can only control the activities of the rumen bacteria in so far as they can vary these facilities. For the rest the micro-organisms are governed only by their growth physiology and by competition and synergism between species. In return the bacteria provide the animal with enzymes for hydrolysing cellulose and hemicellulose. This is the whole reason for the symbiosis, and consequently the cellulose·· and hemicellulose-digesting bacteria are functionally the most important groups in the rumen, although they may form only a small proportion of the total microflora. On all-roughage diets the other species are largely dependent on the fibre-digesters for their energy supply and may be regarded as satellites_ Thus the ruminal microorganisms may be divided into functional groups. This constitutes the grouping together of all the different species capable of fermenting any given substrate in the diet, or one derived from it, like cellulose, starch or lactic acid. It is not a grouping in the classical bacteriological sense, and overlapping of species between groups can occur where the different species possess the enzymes to ferment more than one substrate. It does, however, provide


In this study,the colony morphology,spore structure and spore shape and size of 10 Beauveria strains were observed and measured,and they were initially identified as Beauveria bassiana.At the same time,their ribosomal DNA-ITS were sequenced and compared with that of Beauveria bassiana in NCBI database.The results showed the homology was 99.10%~99.64%.Eventually these 10 strains were identified as Beauveria bassiana.


The research paper is organized to analyze the risk and return of selected small cap stocks listed on BSE and also to compare the performance of each stock against the benchmark. The data is collected for a period of 5 years i.e., from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2018. The paper compares the performance of each stock taking BSE Small cap index as benchmark. The study is purely based on secondary data collected from BSE. The data were collected based on monthly prices of the selected small cap stocks, and with the help of monthly prices annual return were calculated for a period of 5 years. The study shows that Aarti drugs, Wintac pharmaceuticals and TATA Elxsi have given highest returns during the study period. Whereas the return of DCB bank is lowest during the same period. The beta of all the stocks are positive except TATA Elxsi, indicating that all the shares carry a higher risk.


A goat antibody to rabbit thymus cells (ATG) was used to study T lymphocyte distributions and subpopulations in the rabbit. ATG inhibited transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) but not by goat anti-rabbit Fab. The distribution of T lymphocytes was determined by the ability of lymphocytes from the various tissues to absorb this inhibitory activity. Lymph node, peripheral blood, and thymus lymphocytes, in that order, were most capable of absorbing the ATG activity. Fluorescein-conjugated ATG caused fluorescence of 100% of thymus cells but lower percentages of lymphocytes from other organs. In addition, the intensity of staining by fluorescent antibody varied among lymphocytes even from the same organ. The results indicate the presence of rabbit T cell subpopulations which differ in the quantity of T antigen per cell. The effect of ATG on mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes from the various lymphoid organs indicated that the T cell subsets differed in their response to PHA and Con A, and in their susceptibility to the inhibitory effect of ATG. Evidence is also presented which suggests the presence of lymphocytes which possess both surface T antigen and Ig determinants.


Most of the information that is used as input for the development of information systems is originally produced in non-structured forms, such as verbal communications or free-style text documents. Some examples are requirements specifications or documents associated to translation of contents. In cases like these, there is a need to support the structuring and extraction of the underlying semantic relations embedded in the text, in order to fully understand and post-process it. There are models for the analysis of textual information, such as information retrieval solutions or topic maps. However, these models do not offer an integral, flexible and reusable approach that can assist in giving structure and semantics to the information within a standard framework. Discourse analysis techniques, in contrast, identify semantic relations (such as authors' intentionality or possible dependencies between text elements) in the textual information according to well-established linguistic patterns. Based on these techniques, this paper presents a modelling language based on the ISO/IEC 24744 metamodel that is capable of representing pieces of textual information in a highly structured manner, describing the semantic relations in the associated discourse. In addition, the paper shows an application of the proposed language to the domain of requirements engineering, illustrating the benefits of the application of the suggested approach as well as its possibilities in other textual domains.


The equivalence scales used to adjust for differences in family composition when measuring poverty exhibit considerable variation. This paper suggests an alternative approach that allows for differences in social judgements regarding the treatment of different types of family and examines the relation with the choice of poverty measure. The resulting dominance criteria cannot provide a complete ranking but allow the extent of disagreement to be identified. Their application is illustrated by the example of changes in child benefits. Copyright 1992 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.


Diesel exhaust aftertreatment system for treating exhaust (12) from a diesel combustion process, such as a diesel compression engine (16) (14) (10) is provided. System (10), and exhaust (12) selectively supplying the burner to the rest of the system (10) at elevated temperature (18), a burner to receive the exhaust (12) from the burner (18) (18) including a diesel particulate filter connected downstream (20), NO


Background: Incisional hernia remains a frequent complication of abdominal surgery. Results of surgical repair are disappointing with recurrence rates of suture repair being in the range of 5–63% depending upon the type of repair used, with better results using mesh implantation. In extreme cases a large hernial defect exists with a "loss of abdominal domain". In addition, the approximated rectus muscles under tension become hypoper fused leading to atrophy and increased chances of recurrence. For the management of such large hernias, interest has been generated in the " Component Separation Technique ". This technique relaxes abdominal wall by translation of muscular layers without severing the innervation and blood supply, with or without the mesh augmentation. This can accommodate for defects up to 25–30cm in the waistline. However, wound complications are frequent and reported in up to half of the patients. Thus, the study was planned in view of the potential benefits of "CST" and its capability to restore lost abdominal domain. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 patients with "Large Incisional Hernia" with defect size >5cm or with a surface area >50cm 2 operated upon with component separation. Outcome was measured over a follow up period of three months in terms of recurrence and other local complications. Result: There were 20 patients [3 men and 17 women; 70% cases above the age of 50years]. Mean defect size was 9.5cm [range = 6–20cm]. Average body mass index was 28.97kg/m 2 [range = 22–37kg/ m 2 ]. Mean duration of hospital stay was 9 days [range = 5–21 days]. Early complications occurred in 15% (3/20) cases and post-operative abdominal compartment or recurrence was not reported over a follow up period of 3 months. Conclusions: It is finally concluded that "Large Incisional Hernias" can be effectively treated by "Component Separation Technique"


The envelopes and disks around embedded low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) are investigated through millimeter-continuum and HCO+ line emission. Nine sources, selected on the basis of their HCO+ 3-2 emission from an IRAS flux- and color-limited sample of 24 objects, are observed in λ = 3.4 and 2.7 mm continuum emission with the Owens Valley Millimeter Array and in the HCO+ and H13CO+ 4-3, 3-2, and 1-0 transitions at the James Clerk Maxwell and IRAM 30 m telescopes. All nine sources are detected at 3.4 and 2.7 mm in the interferometer beam, with total fluxes between 4 and 200 mJy. The visibilities can be fit with an unresolved (<3'') point source and, in about half of the sources, with an extended envelope. The point sources, presumably thermal dust emission from circumstellar disks, typically contribute 30%-75% of the continuum flux observed at 1.1 mm in a 19'' beam, assuming a spectral slope of 2.5. The fact that at least two-thirds of our sources show point-source emission indicates that circumstellar disks are established early in the embedded phase. The remainder of the 1.1 mm single-dish flux is attributed to an extended envelope, with a mass of 0.001-0.26 M☉ within a 19'' beam. In HCO+, the J = 1-0 line is seen to trace the surrounding cloud, while the emission from J = 3-2 and 4-3 is concentrated toward the sources. All sources look marginally resolved in these lines, indicative of a power-law brightness distribution. A beam-averaged HCO+ abundance of (1.2 ± 0.4) × 10-8 with respect to H2 is derived. The 1.1 mm continuum fluxes and HCO+ line intensities of the envelopes correlate well and are modeled with the simple inside-out collapse model of Shu (1977) and with power-law density distributions of slopes p = 1-3. All models provide satisfactory fits to the observations, indicating that HCO+ is an excellent tracer of the envelopes. Of the 15 sources of the original sample that were either undetected in HCO+ 3-2 or too weak to be selected, seven show 1.1 mm single-dish fluxes comparable to our objects. It is proposed that all of the 1.1 mm flux of the former sources should be attributed to compact circumstellar disks. The relative evolutionary phase of a YSO, defined as the current ratio of stellar mass over envelope mass, is traced by the quantity ∫ Tmb dV(HCO+3-2)/Lbol. Sources that are undetected in HCO+ are found to have significantly lower values in this tracer than do the objects of our subsample, indicating that the former objects are more evolved. The sources that are weak in HCO+ 3-2 are indistinguishable from our subsample in this tracer and have intrinsically low masses. It is concluded that HCO+, especially in its 3-2 and 4-3 transitions, is a sensitive tracer of the early embedded phase of star formation.


At a workshop on refraction and wide‐angle reflections, Hilterman (1985) pointed out that, in contrast to the plane‐wave case, when there is a point source, a P-wave reflected from a plane interface attains its maximum amplitude at an offset greater than that corresponding to the critical angle (Figure 1). The same conclusion had been drawn earlier by Cervený (1967). However, neither Cervený's results, which were based on very complicated mathematical expressions derived by Brekhovskikh (1960), nor Hilterman's computer‐generated data shed light on the physics implied by the shifted maximum.


Concrete construction aspects of the O-Bahn busway in Adelaide are described. The track was designed in West Germany by Zublin to provide the safety and quality of ride normally associated with tracked vehicles. The high standards and tight tolerances necessary to provide a firm foundation were found to be best obtained using precast concrete sections. Standard 12m long track elements are supported by single sleepers at 4m intervals. Each sleeper is supported by 2 concrete piles which vary between 4 and 12m in depth depending on soil conditions, a gap being left between the track and soil due to expansive clay in the area. Special fastenings and steel clips holding the track elements allow for a wide range of temperatures. Tracks of 15 different radii are cast to accommodate curves and transition sections. Road, pedestrian and river bridges have generally been kept simple in design, the first two generally single span and pre-cast and the latter 3-span, cast in-situ. Information on the types of concrete used is given and engineering criteria for the busway tabulated. (TRRL)


In 'one-to-one' computing, schools provide learners with individual laptops. This chapter presents an analysis of how such laptops are used for writing and text creation by students in two secondar ...


According to the Library of Congress, 75% of silent movies before the 1930s are lost forever. [Pierce, 2013] During the early 20th century, films were not considered to have much future value or lasting significance which lead to the majority of them not being properly archived or preserved. Most films were intentionally destroyed to avoid spending money on storage space and expensive upkeep of the materials. [Pierce, 2013] By the time studios and institutions started to establish film archives, it was already too late for most of early cinema. We are seeing a similar scenario take place with preserving interactive media projects as the majority of VR experiences have been ignored by institutional archives. Preserving virtual reality has a particularly unique challenge because it is designed with interface, hardware, and software in mind. Unlike films and games that can easily be archived in formats that can be universally played on screens, the majority of virtual reality experiences are designed to run on very specific hardware. Once a headset is no longer supported, the dedicated VR experiences also disappear with it, unless they are continuously updated to move to newer systems. Unfortunately, the majority of independent developers and creators do not have the resources, time, or budget to keep up with the constant turnover rate of new hardware. Not to mention the lack of infrastructure that prevents content creators from ensuring the longevity of titles that are not positioned with a financial gain. The panel will explore and discuss the challenges of establishing a standard of best practices for VR preservation and how to support the futurity of these studies. The discussion will further delve into the need for collaboration between artists, institutions, and above all the technology companies that the medium so heavily relies on. Panelists will provide real-world examples of why it's important to consider the potential long-term value of archiving virtual reality content, both for researchers and for the general public. The panel will identify key challenges and risks to bring clarity to the complex nature of this undertaking, like the intricate ecosystem of hardware and software and how the rapid obsolescence cycles continuously challenge efforts for conservation. We know that archives are not neutral. They are a product of their culture, oftentimes the dominant culture. In this case, big tech is the gatekeeper when it comes to deciding what gets to be kept and what gets lost within the virtual reality community. As companies like Meta take further control of the industry, people will surely not get a clear understanding of the systems of oppression within the history of immersive media, let alone a virtual reality archive for future students to reference from the past.


The objective of these studies were to investigate variations on the agronomical and quality characters caused by the shifting of the seeding date. Experiments were carried out during the period of from 1968 to 1970 at Tobacco Experiment Station, Sosa, Korea, using 50 varieties from four different groups of tobaccos; Flue cured, Native, Turkey (Orient), and Burley tobaccos. Each variety was sown at an interval of 15 days from February 1 to April 17. The results are summarized as follow: 1. For all four groups of tobaccos, number of days to blooming decreased linearly between 1st-4th seeding (Apr. 1-Mar. 18) and increased after 5th seeding (Apr. 2) for Burley tobaccos, after 6th seeding (Apr.17) for all the others, showing significant differences between 4th-5th seeding between each group. It is intersting that despite the differences of 60 days (from Feb. 1 to Apr. 2) in sowing date (from 1st to 5th), blooming varied only 15 days, from June 30 to July 16. This means that, regardless of seeding date, all four groups bloomed by the end of June, and significant differences between each group in 4th-5th seeding seem to suggest that critical temperature for floral bud initiation comes during the period. 2. Number of leaves shows no significant change during 1st to 4th seeding and increased in 5th - 6th seeding. These phenomena could be related to blooming, that is the number of days to blooming seemed to control the number of leaves. With the shifting of seeding date there appeared much differences in number of leaves between the four groups and even between the varieties of same group. Yet, the difference was slight in virginia type tobaccos and significant in broad leaf type. 3. Variations in leaf area also showed much differences between four groups and between the varieties of same group. With the delaying of seeding date leaf area increased significantly in Flue cured tobaccos, increased slightly in the others. 4. Negative correlations were found between leaf weight and leaf area, between the thickness of leaves and leaf area. Leaf area. Leaf areas of Burley tobaccos are similar to those of Flue cured tobaccos, though the thickness of leaves and leaf weight showed the highest values in Flue cured tobaccos, while those of Burley tobaccos showed the lowest values. 5. Yields of tobaccos were affected by leaf area, leaf weight, and the thickness of leaves more than by the number of leaves or days to blooming. Leaf weight showed direct effect to the yield in all four groups. It also showed indirect effect to the yield through the number and thickness of leaves in Flue cured tobaccos, through the number of days to blooming in Native tobaccos, through the number of leaves and leaf area in Turkey tobaccos, and through the number of leaves in Burley tobaccos. As a results, it can be concluded that, the optimal seeding periods are 2nd-3rd, 1st-2nd, 3rd-4th in Flue cured, Burley, Turkey, and Native tobaccos, respectively. 6. Highly positive correlations were found between the thickness of leaves and that of palisade parenchyma+spongy parenchyma: the correlation coefficients were =0.9562, 0.8809, 0.9696 and 0.9860, in Flue cured, Native, Turkey and Burley tobbaccos, respectively. Over the whole seeding the correlation increased gradually with the delaying of the seeding, though it decreased in 5th-6th seeding when air temperature was high. This phenomenon was more striking in Turkey and Burley tobaccos whose leaves are thin in nature. 7. The ratio of intercellular space increased ti11 4th seeding and decreased thereafter in Turkey and Native tobaccos, while it was highest at 1st seeding and decreased gradually thereafter in Flue cured and Burley tobaccos. 8. With shifting of seeding date the leaf shape indices varied slightly in Buxley tobaccos, while it decreased in Flue cured, Turkey and Native tobaccos. This indicates that growth of leaf length and leaf width varies in each group. 9. The quality of tobaccos was in sequence of Turkey, Flue cured, Burley and Native tobaccos, with Turkey the highest. The optimal seeding periods with regards to the quality of tobaccos were 2nd-3rd in Flue cured, 1st in Turkey, 3rd in Burley, but Native tobaccos showed slight variations. Thus, when both quality and yield are considered together, the optimal seeding periods seem to be 2nd to 3rd (Feb. 16-Mar. 2) in Flue cured and Burley tobaccos, 3rd-4th (Mar. 2-Mar. 17) in Native tobaccos. In Turkey tobaccos, which are for flavor, the optimal seeding period with regards to the flavor is 1st-2nd (Feb. 1-Feb. 16) and 3rd-4th (Mar. 2-Mar. 17) with regards to yield. 10. Total alkaloid contents were low in Turkey tobaccos and increased in sequence of Flue cured, Burley, and Native tobaccos. With delaying of seeding periods, the contents of alkaloids increased in flavor tobaccos such as Turkey and Flue cured while it decreased in Burley and Native tobaccos. The contents of total nitrogenous compounds were lowest also in Turkey tobaccos and increased in sequence of Flue cured, Native, and Burley tobaccos. Variations of the contents in relation to shifting of seeding periods were slight in all groups of tobaccos, except in Native tobaccos where it was highest in the 1st seeding and decreased rapidly thereafter, while protein contents increased till 4th seeding and decreased thereafter. 11. Sugar contents were much higher in Flue cured tobaccos and decreased in sequence of Turkey, Native, and Burley tobaccos. With the delaying of seeding the contents decreased in Flue cured, Turkey, and Burley tobaccos while it increased rapidly in Native tobaccos. In general, there seems to be equational relationship between sugar contents and the contents of total nitrogenous compounds, sugar contents were higher than the contents of total nitrogenous compounds in flavor tobaccos such as Turkey and Flue cured tobaccos, and the contents of total nitrogenous compounds were higher than sugar contents in base tobaccos such as Burley. In Native tobaccos, the contents of total alkaloids, total nitrogenous compounds and protein decreased while sugar contents increased with the delaying of seeding. Thus it can be concluded that the smoking quality of Native tobaccos can be improved by delaying of the seeding. ]2. The contents of ashes were lowest in Flue cured tobaccos and increased in sequence of Turkey, Burley, and Native tobaccos. Variations in relations to the shifting of seeding were slight in Burley tobaccos and increased till 2nd-3rd seeding and decreased rapidly thereafter in the others. 13. Smoking quality can be expressed by the ratio of sugar contents to the contents of total nitrogenous compounds and was highest in Flue cured tobaccos which were high in sugar contents and low in the contents of total nitrogenous compounds, protein, ash, and total alkaloids. It was intermediate in Turkey and Native tobaccos and lowest in Burley tobaccos which was low in sugar content and high in the contents of total nitrogenous compounds. Smoking quality was improved by delaying of the seeding till 2nd-3rd and decreased thereafter in Flue cured tobaccos and was improved continually by delaying in Native tobaccos, while it showed no significant variation in Burley and Turkey tobaccos. So it could be summarized that, when yield, quality, and smoking quality were considered altogether, the optimal seeding periods are 2nd-3rd in Flue cured and Burley tobaccos, 1st-2nd in Turkeys, and 3rd-4th in Native tobaccos. Sugar contents had significant direct effect on the smoking quality in all four groups, though it also had negative indirect effects through the contents of total nitrogenous compounds and ash in Flue cured tobaccos, and through contents of total alkaloids and protein in the others. Net effect of sugar content on smoking quality was still highly positive: =0.9199, 0.8925, 0.6646, and 0.8635 in Flue cured, Native, Turkey, and Burley tobaccos, respectively. 14. The relationships between yields and qualities was negative (=-0. 2126) in Native tobaccos though those in the others were all positive. Between yields and smoking quality, it was negative (=-0.2541) in Turkey tobaccos and positive in all


A proportionate adaptive algorithm is proposed to improve the convergence of the improved proportionate NLMS (IPNLMS) algorithm for various kinds of impulse response. Although we know that the convergence speed of a proportionate algorithm depends on the sparsity of the target impulse response, there is no clear knowledge on their relationship. A real function is firstly established here to characterize the relationship between the sparsity of the impulse response and the parameter of IPNLMS and then a variable parameter IPNLMS algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm detects the sparsity of the adaptive filter, and then adjusts the parameter of IPNLMS according to the sparsity. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the convergence speed of IPNLMS in any case of sparsity.


Consideration is given to industrial and scientific applications of high-power YAG and CO2 lasers. Particular attention is given to study of different optical fibers, present and future trends of laser material processing in Japan, a new approach to creation of stable and unstable active resonators for high-power solid-state lasers, experiments on convection of laser-melted pools, melt dynamics and surface deformation in processing with laser radiation, variation of magnetic properties of iron-containing quartzite irradiated by CO2 laser, the output pulse and energy capabilities of the PHEBUS laser facility, high-power lasers and the production of energy by inertial fusion, plasma interaction with powerful laser beams, numerical simulation of energy transport mechanisms in high-intensity laser-matter interaction experiments, and opacity studies with laser-produced plasma as an X-ray source.


This is a preliminary report on the joint research project between 3 observatories: Beijing, Yunnan, and Behlen Observatories from China and the United States. The systems we have been dealing with are primary of late spectral types and with short periods. Most.of the observations were secured from the observatories in China. The computational analysis is carried out in University of Nebraska, Lincoln. The photometric solutions are based on the Wilson and Devinney method. Out of 11 systems analyzed 6 of them: AO Cam. ER Ori. BX Peg, BB Peg, U Peg, and SW Lac are found to be contact systems. All of them are having their primary eclipses at occultation. Therefore they can be classified as W-type WUMa systems. They also show other W-type characteristics.


Silviana SH, Saharjo BH, Sutikno S. 2021. Distribution of carbon stocks in drainage areas on peatlands of Sungai Tohor Village, Meranti Islands District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5106-5114. Peatland ecosystems provide a variety of environmental services and biodiversity with their ability to store and absorb carbon. The increase of land clearing followed by the construction of drainage or canal has resulted in the degradation of peatlands and is prone to fire incidences. Canal construction, whether we realize it or not, has a negative ecological impact on the in situ (local) environment, namely land degradation and subsidence, as well as a wider (global) impact in the form of loss of carbon stocks, increased GHG emissions that can trigger global warming. This study aims to identify the distribution of carbon in the area where drainage is made where the distribution of carbon stock in starting at a distance of 10 m, 50 m, 100 m, 250 m, and 350 m from the canal. The study was conducted on the community plantations including unburned areas (rubber plantations and secondary forests) and burned areas. The influence of land use and drainage development on carbon stock distribution is rarely known. The results showed a decrease in C-Stock with a decrease in drainage distance. The quantity of carbon stock in secondary forests ranged from 13.275 ton ha 24.839 ton ha, Burnt Area-1 ranged from 6.995 ton ha 11.59 ton ha, and Burnt Area 2 ranged from 4.677 ton ha 12.580 ton ha. In contrast, rubber plantations had higher C-stock in the initial observation distance, around 9.064 ton ha 11.805 ton ha, which may be due to intensive land use near the canal.


Conventional binominal equation often leads to incorrect result in high pressure gas well potential test. A non-Darcy flow equation of mth degree is introduced to set up a binominal deliverability equation. Case study shows that the equation is effective for high pressure gas well potential test, thus providing a guide for gas well potential test and forecast for better preparation of gas production plan.


Casual encouragements given after a negative experience sometimes hurt the recipients of the encouragement. This study examined whether light encouragement from close friends after experiencing a failure have positive or negative effects. Female university students (N=99) participated in the study. They read a scenario in which a student fails an important exam and is lightly encouraged by a close friend or an acquaintance of the same gender. Participants then described their feelings about the encouragement, causal attribution, and subsequent goal achievement behaviors. Results indicated no differences in the mean values of feelings, based on the closeness of the friend giving encouragement. However, unpleasant feelings following encouragement from an acquaintance were attributed to lack of consideration and escaping from the goal, whereas unpleasant feelings after encouragement by a close friend did not have such attributions, and rather, resulted in trying to reach the goal again. These results suggest that encouragement from a close person sometimes causes negative feelings, whereas at other times, it facilitates future behaviors directed at goal achievement. Original Paper * Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, 701-0193, Japan E-Mail: email@example.com


The present invention is a styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, and styrene, methyl methacrylate, styrene or mixtures thereof-methyl methacrylate resin solution 100 parts by weight; 100 to 200 parts by weight of an inorganic filler; And crosslinking the resin composition containing monomer, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of the composition of an artificial marble prepared using the method and a process for their preparation. Styrene according to the present invention, according to a resin composition comprising a methyl methacrylate copolymer, a conventional acrylic polymer having excellent weather resistance and transparency, by the refractive index decreases the difference between the aluminum hydroxide while maintaining the thermal properties with improved artificial marble It can be obtained. Artificial marble, a styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, aluminum hydroxide,


Tashvir and Varmazyar deposits are part of the epithermal ore system in the Tarom–Hashtjin Metallogenic Belt (THMB), NW Iran. In both deposits, epithermal veins are hosted by Eocene volcanic-volcaniclastic rocks of the Karaj Formation and are spatially associated with late Eocene granitoid intrusions. The ore assemblages consist of pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, galena, and sphalerite (Fe-poor), with lesser amounts of bornite and minor psilomelane and pyrolusite. Fluid inclusion measurements from the Tashvir and Varmazyar revealed 182–287 and 194–285°C formation temperatures and 2.7–7.9 and 2.6–6.4 wt.% NaCl equivalent salinities, respectively. The oxygen isotope data suggested that the mineralizing fluids originated dominantly from a magmatic fluid that mixed with meteoric waters. The sulfur isotope data indicated that the metal and sulfur sources were largely a mixture of magma and surrounding sedimentary rocks. LA-ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating of the granitoid intrusion at Tashvir and Varmazyar, yielded a weighted mean age of 38.34–38.31 and 40.85 Ma, respectively, indicating that epithermal mineralization developed between 40.85 and 38.31 Ma. Our data indicated that fluid mixing along with some fluid boiling were the main drives for hydrothermal alteration and mineralization at Tashvir and Varmazyar. All these characteristics suggested an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal style of mineralization. The THMB is proposed to be prospective for precious and base metal epithermal mineralization. Considering the extensional tectonic setting, and lack of advanced argillic lithocaps and hypersaline fluid inclusions, the THMB possibly has less potential for economically important porphyry mineralization.


Ours has been called the Prozac generation but, earlier this year, newspaper front page headlines screamed "Antidepressants don't work". Our authors' reanalysis of drug trials was widely reported as implying that antidepressant drugs such as Prozac are overprescribed and useless. The truth, as Blair T. Johnson and Irving Kirsch explain, is more complex, and more interesting.


Making a critical review of the conventional classification of factors of production, this paper presents a new classification based on the modes of payments for them approved by shariah. Entrepreneuria l and hired factors of production are then described and their demand and supply conditions discussed in the context of equilibrium in the factor market.


We consider generalizations of both juggling sequences and non-attacking rook placements. We demonstrate the important connection between these objects, and also propose a generalization of the Eulerian numbers. These generalizations give rise to several interesting counting problems, which we explore. 1 History of Mathematics of Juggling Juggling as an activity has been around for the last 4000 years. There are many ancient records, both written documents and depictions, of people performing amazing juggling feats (for more on this, see [19]). Siteswap, the first mathematical way to describe juggling patterns, was formalized around 1985. Several papers appeared in the earlier years which investigated some of the possible ways to express juggling sequences, but they lacked consistency. In [20], published in 1982, Walker uses the idea of throw heights to invent new juggling patterns, even though the formal concept of a "throw height" had not yet been fully explored in the juggling community. Two years later, Buhler and Graham explored the physical dynamics of several commonly known juggling patterns [4]. Their paper considers many parameters of juggling. Several of these parameters, such as dwell time of a ball in one's hand, do not reappear in any of these authors' future juggling papers, and we assume they found the analysis of all these different factors too complicated to be useful. In 1985, though, the juggling community became more cohesive, as three groups separately developed the beginnings of the modern mathematics of juggling [19]. These juggling founders included Paul Klimek in Santa Cruz, California, Bruce Tiemann and Bengt Magnusson at Caltech, and Colin Wright at Cambridge University. A record of some early emails from Magnusson about his siteswap system, as well as his computer program to generate siteswaps, can be found at [14]. Wright provides a thorough introduction to the concept of siteswap in both [11] and [21]. Most of this