In this paper, we investigate some properties of Toeplitz matrices with respect to different matrix products. We also give some results regarding circulant matrices, skew-circulant matrices and approximation by Toeplitz matrices over the field of complex numbers.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect on treating respiration failure of COPD during acute attack stage with Western medicine routine treatment plus Chinese medicine.TCM patheogenesis of which is the sinkage of pectoral Qi,phlegm dampness in lung and obstruction of the lung Qi.Also to lay a foundation for intergrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of it.Methods:Thirty-four cases of Control Group received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation plus Western medicine routine treatment while thirty-six cases of Treatment Group received both noninvasive positive pressure ventilation plus Western medicine routine treatment and differentiation which was given agreement prescription NO1 or 2 or 3.Results:reatment Group was superior to Control Group on the improvement of symptoms,physical signs,window time of PIC,time of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and blood gas analysis respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:Intergrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment is superior to simple Western medicine treatment.It could improve the symptoms and physical signs of Respiration Failure of COPD during acute attack stage obviously,advance the window time of PIC,make the effective control of pulmonary infection,shorten the time of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and improve the comprehensive therapeutic effect.


Zelkova schneideriana Hand-Mazz is not only an important autumn color tree,but also an important ornamental plant. Understanding the characteristics and the law of Z.schneideriana Hand-Mazz's leaf color variation can provide a reference and basis for breeding new varieties.We reviewed the latest research at home and abroad on Z.schneideriana Hand-Mazz's leaf color variation.The results showed that it has a rich seasonal changes in leaf color.Its young leaves are red in spring and its autumn leaves have four kinds of color of dark red,brown,beige and green which remained in autumn.The leaf color variation of beech tree in autum bears relation to the content of anthocyanin in leaves.The types of variation are related to the speed of the chloroplast's degradation.In addition,there are significant individual differences in leaf color variation of Z.schneideriana Hand-Mazz.


DISCUSSION Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the United States, accounting for approximately 30% of leukemias found in adults. Overall, the risk of secondary cancers in patients with CLL is more than double that of the general population, and secondary cutaneous malignancies are frequent complications in patients with CLL. In particular, the risk of skin cancer in these patients is 8-fold higher as compared with the healthy population. Moreover, a link between melanoma and CLL has recently been recognized, including an increased risk of death from melanoma in these patients. Melanoma patients have a 16-fold increased risk of developing a lymphoma; conversely, patients with CLL have up to a 7.5 increased incidence of developing malignant melanoma. The question one may ask is, which one usually comes first? In a recent study of 55 patients who were diagnosed with both melanoma and lymphoma, 47.3% of patients were concomitantly diagnosed with lymphoma on pathological assessment of lymph nodes for staging of their melanoma. However, 40% of patients developed lymphoma subsequent to the diagnosis of melanoma after a median time interval of 41 months. CLL was the most common subtype in these patients. Other similar studies confirm the trend that melanoma generally precedes the diagnosis of CLL instead of the reverse situation. Uniquely, in our patient, CLL and melanoma were diagnosed simultaneously from a cutaneous biopsy, which is the first reported case to date. The patient underwent lymph node dissection as part of the management for his melanoma. Several nodes were noted to have an atypical lymphocytic infiltrate, including one that also had nodal melanoma. A diagnosis of small cell lymphoma (SLL) was confirmed by flow cytometry on an axillary node, which was reported to have 93% of CD19 and CD20 positive B cells, with lambda clonality. CD5 and CD10 were negative in this B-cell population. No evidence of peripheral blood involvement was found. CLL and SLL are essentially the same disease; when the majority of the disease burden involves the blood and bone marrow, the term CLL is used, whereas SLL is reserved for those cases in which the disease burden is located mainly within the lymph nodes. The patient will be followed by oncology. The rising incidence of melanoma and CLL has been attributed to both the inherent immune dysfunction present in CLL and with UV exposure. It is well known that patients with CLL have an increased susceptibility to infections, increased incidence of autoimmune conditions, and increased susceptibility to other cancers, independent of receiving chemotherapy for treatment of their CLL. The immune dysfunction seen in CLL involves a variety of aberrations, including a decrease in peripheral blood CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, abnormal T-cell cytokine secretion profiles, impaired antigenpresenting capabilities, and an increase in regulatory T cells associated with inhibition of antitumor immunity in solid cancers. Alterations of the p16 pathway, which inhibit the tumor suppressor gene CDNK4, are common in both lymphomas and melanoma. Additional findings common to both entities are mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 and Bcl-2. Interestingly, peritumoral infiltrates analyzed in nonHodgkin lymphoma patients with nonmelanoma skin cancers showed that approximately 75% of the time, the infiltrates were composed of B-cell leukemia cells. The dysfunctional B cells are unable to suppress tumor cell growth, and this has led some authors to believe that these patients have more aggressive tumors heralding a worse prognosis. Histopathologically, CLL typically expresses a B-cell phenotype and is CD5+; however, among B-cell CLL, up to 20% do not express CD5, as seen in this case. In a study comparing the clinical behavior of CD5+ and CD52 CLL, patients with CD52 CLL were found to have significantly less lymph node involvement, were more frequently stage A according to the Binet classification, and more commonly had isolated splenomegaly at diagnosis. Another study found that CD52 patients with CLL had an overall better prognosis compared with CD5+ patients with CLL, with a significantly longer overall median survival by almost 13 months. Cutaneous lesions occur in approximately 25% of patients with CLL, the most common presentation being leukemia cutis. At the time of diagnosis of CLL, the skin is the most commonly involved nonlymphoid organ. Leukemia From the *Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and †Ackerman Academy, New York, NY. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Reprints: Amanda F. Marsch, MD, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612 (e-mail: email@example.com). © 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins


Objective To observe the effect of propofol combined with butorphanol tartrate in analgesia induced abortion. Methods 200 cases pregnant woman receiving analgesia induced abortion were divided into observation group and control group,each of 100 cases.Control group received anesthesia of propofol,and observation group received anesthesia of propofol combined with butorphanol tartrate.The anesthetic effect and adverse reaction of 2 groups were observed. Results The amnethetic excellent rate of observation group(98.00%) was higher than that of control group(89.0%),the difference was statistically significant(P0.05);The propofol usage amount of observation group was less than that of control group,time of consciousness and directive force recover of observation group were shorter than those of control group,the adverse reaction incidence rate of observation group were lower than those of control group,the difference were statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion The effect of propofol combined with butorphanol tartrate in analgesia induced abortion is significant,safe,and worth of clinical application.


The atmospheric light scattering and absorption from the aerosols usually cause visible light imaging quality decline. The dark channel prior method is a dehazing method to estimate transmittance or background light, which is suitable for foggy image restoration with the influence of suspended particles. Based on the DCP model, the proposed method combines mist concentration level estimation and nonlocal similarity constraint to improve transmittance estimation accuracy. Firstly, the mist concentration level is calculated from natural scene statistical characteristics of the image. Then the corresponding regularization factor is chosen for transmittance estimation. The local structure similarity constraint is introduced into simplified DCP method to decreasing the uneven transmission estimation error. Weighted quadtree searching method is used to estimate the background light. Finally, the image dehazing model is conducted with the transmission map and background light. The comparative experiments are carried out among the original DCP method, the classical image enhancement method MSRCR and the neural network defogging method PDR-NET. The experimental results show that the mist concentration level prior and nonlocal similarity constraints can optimize the solution of the transmittance. The proposed method has significant effect on increasing the image contrast, reducing mist concentration, keeping texture clarity and edge intensity.


We demonstrate the possibilities of atomic layer deposition technology to fabricate and improve the quality of nanowaveguide devices of a different kind in TiO2 platform. In particular, we present an original re-coating method of improving the quality of amorphous TiO2 strip waveguides, which reduces the propagation losses significantly. Then we demonstrate how atomic layer deposition technology makes it possible to fabricate very precise slot waveguides and to tune the geometrical parameters of nanobeam cavities operating with visible light. The main fabrication methods of the presented structures are electron beam lithography, reactive ion etching and atomic layer deposition.


We present high signal-to-noise ratio, precise Y JH photometry and Y band (0.957–1.120 μm) spectroscopy of HD 1160 B, a young substellar companion discovered from the Gemini NICI Planet Finding Campaign using the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics instrument and the Gemini Planet Imager. HD 1160 B has typical mid-M dwarf-like infrared colors and a spectral type of M5.5 , where the blue edge of our Y band spectrum rules out earlier spectral types. Atmospheric modeling suggests HD 1160 B has an effective temperature of 3000–3100 K, a surface gravity of log g = 4–4.5, a radius of 1.55 ± 0.10 RJ, and a luminosity of log L/L⊙ = −2.76 ± 0.05. Neither the primary's Hertzspring–Russell diagram position nor atmospheric modeling of HD 1160 B show evidence for a subsolar metallicity. Interpretation of the HD 1160 B spectroscopy depends on which stellar system components are used to estimate the age. Considering HD 1160 A, B and C jointly, we derive an age of 80–125 Myr, implying that HD 1160 B straddles the hydrogen-burning limit (70–90 MJ). If we consider HD 1160 A alone, younger ages (20–125 Myr) and a brown dwarf-like mass (35–90 MJ) are possible. Interferometric measurements of the primary, a precise Gaia parallax, and moderate-resolution spectroscopy can better constrain the system's age and how HD 1160 B fits within the context of (sub)stellar evolution.


A gilt silver ewer with a single handle was excavated in the 1970s from tomb M3 in Section B of a Han through Jin period cemetery at Shang Sunjiazhai Village in Datong County, Qinghai Province. It is 15.8cm high, with diameters at the rim, waist, and foot of 7.0cm, 12.0cm, and 5.4cm respectively. It was made by hammering a single sheet of silver into the desired shape, and then decorated with three separate bands plated with gold at its rim, shoulder, and foot (Figures 1 and 2). The band at the rim has a round of wave scroll pattern. The shoulder band has a pattern of scrolling vines with leaves. The foot has a band of downward-facing triangles called the "battlement pattern". The decoration in all three bands is set against a background of dots produced by punching. The tomb structure and the other grave goods resemble those from the Central Plains; only this silver vessel displays a different style. Up to the present, few archaeological discoveries can be compared with this vessel. In a Han tomb 65m south of this one, archaeologists excavated a bronze seal with a camel-shaped knob, bearing Exotic Style of the Silver Ewer from a Han-toJin Period Tomb in Shang Sunjiazhai Village in Datong, Qinghai


The article highlights the problems of physical education of schoolchildren in the pedagogical heritage of VO Sukhomlinsky. It is stated that in our time, human life and health are the highest human values. Therefore, today one of the main tasks of the national education system is to raise the conscious attitude of students to their own health and the health of others, to preserve and strengthen the physical, mental, social and spiritual health of the child. According to VO Sukhomlinsky, the education of a child's physical culture was important. For physical exercises, children were divided into three groups - basic, preparatory and special. Particular attention was paid to children with poor health. In addition, physical education and sports should bring students pleasure and enjoyment, become a need of the individual. The system of physical education substantiated by VO Sukhomlinsky covers all links of educational process at school. It thoroughly analyzes the basics of physical culture, reveals the basic principles, content, methods and tools, organizational forms of education, focuses on the features and qualities of teaching. Thoughts, theoretical positions of the teacher about physical culture are close and clear to the teachers of Ukraine; they are relevant today, and therefore can be used in today's school.


We evaluate the stratification of acoustic oscillations in the solar photosphere in both the Lagrangian (comoving) frame of reference and the Eulerian (inertial) frame of reference, from a temporal sequence of model atmospheres in an optical depth scale obtained after a quasi-non-LTE inversion of the radiative transfer equation applied to spectral observations of the K I 7699 Å line. Our results suggest that, to first order, the photosphere moves up and down as a whole with amplitudes ranging from ~8 km in deep layers (around 0 km) to ~19 km in the upper layers (around 640 km). In Lagrangian coordinates, we observe numerous short-lived, local temperature and velocity amplitude enhancements in medium-high layers, together with asymmetric waveforms in the oscillation of these two physical quantities. The Lagrangian temperature oscillation clearly shows two nodes associated with sharp phase jumps of about 180°, whereas the velocity amplitude shows the well-known increase with geometrical height, at nearly constant phase. In Eulerian coordinates, the perturbations are dominated by the coherent oscillation of the entire photosphere.


Feasibility of operative orbits in the Pluto-Charon system has been investigated in this work. Given that currently only the New Horizon NASA mission will perform a quick fly-by of Pluto-Charon, the chance to close a spacecraft in orbit around the system would represent a significant add-on in the science knowledge domain and an interesting challenge from the flight dynamics perspective. A R3BP coupled with the invariant manifolds are the main tools here exploited to manage the trajectories design; possible itineraries and strategies, that can meet the requirements of costs minimization, long operative life and adequate coverage of the surfaces, are proposed.


With the development of high-energy permanent-magnet materials, it is possible to make permanent magnet generators more reliable and compact. Investigation shows a growing demand for wind generators with larger output power used at hybrid energy systems in remote areas. This paper presents the design of a 20 kW permanent magnet generator using neodymium-iron-boron magnets for direct-coupled, low-speed wind turbine applications. Due to outer-rotor, multi-pole structure can be easily implemented. Lumped parameters of the magnetic equivalent circuit for the generator were used in electromagnetic calculation aided by a computer program. It is aimed to obtain accurate design data and prediction of machine performance by using this approach. Tests have been conducted to investigate the performance of the generator. According to the results of calculation and experiment, there is a good agreement between computations and measurements.


ABSTRACT: This presente study has as aim assess the relevance of the judicialization of health demands face the 7resente7f health and the right to health 7resente in the native legal system and the legal and infralegal srtucture about right to health. The analyzis was made through teh academic literature on the subject, completed with individual cases of Federal Public Defender Office Sao Luis' acting. Thus, it was found that although there are validity and bases on the questions raised by researchers about the risk of
increasing judicialization of the right to health, in the other hand the uneffective Public Power acting to provide the right to health, wether because of noncompliance with the law, or because of corruption, does not leave other way except of the Justice for that the citizen has assurance the fundamental right to health, closed to the right of life and the human being dignity.


1. Quite a few things have changed in (Christian) Bible translation theory and practice in the past 50 or 60 years, but one aspect has remained virtually the same: the way in which versions make reference to text-critical decisions. While the importance of representing textual criticism in Bible translations has been mentioned at times (e.g., Scanlin 1988, Schowalter 1995, Szesnat 2001), a systematic analysis and critique of the way in which English versions present the issues and the textual material involved has yet to be done. In fact, there are hardly any studies of the way particular translations handle textual criticism (Fee 1993 is an exception), and perhaps this is, at least in part, due to the hard labour of reconstructing a translation's textual basis: after all, Tasker's helpful edition of the Greek NT as effectively developed by the NEB (Tasker 1964) was a rather unusual work, and not likely to be repeated for the NT in these days of a 'stable' NestleAland 'standard text'. So, all I wish to offer here is an exploratory overview of the representation of 'the text' in English versions, based on text-critical indicators (usually footnotes) in the translations, as well as any introductory comments that may be offered.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous injection of parecoxib before operation in thyroid gland surgery.Methods Ninety cases of patients scheduled for thyroid gland surgery were randomly divided into group A,group B and group C with 30cases each.Group A patients received intravenous parecoxib 40mg 20min before skin incision.Group B patients received intravenous parecoxib 40mg immediately after operation,and group C received the same volume of saline 20min before skin incision.All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)with fentanyl after surgery.The VAS score was maintained≤3.The comfort level was evaluated with Bruggrmann comfort scale(BCS)at 2,4,8,12,24and 48hafter operation.The consumption of fentanyl within 24hafter operation,total patient pressing times and the patientsglobal evaluation of study medication(PGESM)was recorded.The adverse reactions was also recorded.Results Compared with group C,the consumption of fentanyl within 24hafter operation and the pressing times were decreased.The PGESM and BCS was increased in groups A and B(P0.05).Compared with group B,the PGESM and BCS was increased,the consumption of fentanyl within 24hafter operation and the pressing times were decreased in group A.(P0.05)There was no significance difference in the adverse reactions among the 3groups.Conclusion Intravenous parecoxib before operation can reduce postoperative opiate need in patients undergoing thyroid gland surgery.It is a safe and effective analgesic method.


The assembly of spatial data for use in a GIS will likely involve the integration of information for different sources, in different formats, with different projection systems. Many of the coordinate systems used could use different datums. Often times spatial data that needs to be automated is available only in one projection and coordinate system. Other data is only available in other projections and coordinate systems. This assumes, of course, that the projection information of mapped data is even known. If not, the process of managing the spatial domain of feature databases can be complex.


'Cool?' was first published in Physics Education in 1969 (Mpemba and Osborne 1969 Phys. Educ. 4 172). Written by Erasto Mpemba and Denis Osborne this paper has been cited 26 times to date, has led to hundreds of articles being written and has a story behind it to inspire every student. We asked Becky Parker, the director of and inspiration behind the Institute for Research in Schools (www.researchinschools.org/), to write a commentary.


To examine nationally representative data and thus obtain estimates of the use of healthcare providers associated with the overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, a condition characterized by frequency, urgency and nocturia, with or with no urge incontinence, as although it is ranked among the 10 most common chronic medical conditions in the USA, the level of OAB‐associated medical treatment remains largely unknown.


This article discusses two very different South Asian diasporic films that both promise an identity politics congruent with the objectives of postcolonial feminism alongside a distinctive 'feel good' factor: Deepa Mehta's Fire (1997) and Gurinder Chadha's Bend It Like Beckham (2002). Both films explore the pressure that certain ideas of India exert on female subjectivities in the diaspora a.nd at home, and their success as feel good films depends on the viewer's ability to understand and ally themselves with the liberation of the central characters from these pressures. By reading the limits as well as the triumphs invoked by the emotional crescendos of these films and the politics of liberation that they endorse, this article also considers other points of continued silence and struggle (specifically queer diasporic subjects and sex workers), not foregrounded by the visual or narrative persuasions of the films themselves.


CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells are a CD4(+) T cell subset involved in the control of the immune response. In vitro, murine CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells inhibit CD4(+)CD25(-) Th cell proliferation induced by anti-CD3 mAb in the presence of APCs. The addition of IL-4 to cocultured cells inhibits CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cell-mediated suppression. Since all cell types used in the coculture express the IL-4Ralpha chain, we used different combinations of CD4(+)CD25(-) Th cells, CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells, and APCs from wild-type IL-4Ralpha(+/+) or knockout IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice. Results show that the engagement of the IL-4Ralpha chain on CD4(+)CD25(-) Th cells renders these cells resistant to suppression. Moreover, the addition of IL-4 promotes proliferation of IL-4Ralpha(+/+)CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells, which preserve full suppressive competence. These findings support an essential role of IL-4 signaling for CD4(+)CD25(-) Th cell activation and indicate that IL-4-induced proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells is compatible with their suppressive activity.
The transfert of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells from the spleen of normal mice to SCID recipient leads to the development of Th1-mediated colitis. CD4(+)CD45RB(low) Treg cells show to prevent the development of colitis. The transfert of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells from spleen of IL-4Ralpha-/-mice leads to the development colitis less seriously than CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells from spleen of IL-4Ralpha+/+ mice.


Simple Summary New anti-cancer drugs can be created through the combination of well-known substances acting on different molecular targets. Repurposed drugs selected in this way can then be attached to special carriers that have specific, high affinity for cancer cells. In this study, two anti-glioma drugs, celecoxib and simvastatin, were chosen and linked to the PAMAM G3 dendrimer targeted to cancer cells by attached biotin and R-glycidol. In vitro studies performed with human glioblastoma (U-118 MG) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-15) cells revealed that dendrimer conjugate containing both celecoxib and simvastatin was 20–50 times more potent than either drug administered alone or in combination. Thus, the obtained combined conjugate can be considered as a potential candidate for a new therapy of malignant glioblastoma. Abstract Recent achievement in anticancer therapy considers the application of repurposed drugs in optimal combinations with the use of specific carriers for their targeted delivery. As a result, new optimized medications with reduced side effects can be obtained. In this study, two known anticancer drugs, celecoxib and/or simvastatin, were conjugated covalently with PAMAM G3 dendrimer and tested in vitro against human squamous carcinoma (SCC-15-15) and glioblastoma (U-118 MG) cells, as well as normal human fibroblasts (BJ). The obtained conjugates were also substituted with biotin and R-glycidol to increase their affinity for cancer cells and were characterized with NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering technique. Conjugates furnished with two celecoxib and four simvastatin residues revealed the very high effectiveness and dramatically decreased the SCC-15 and U-118 MG cell viability at very low concentrations with IC50 equal to about 3 µM. Its action was 20–50-fold stronger than that of either drug alone or as a mixture. Combined conjugate revealed also additive action since it was 2–8-fold more effective than conjugates with either single drug. The combined conjugate revealed rather low specificity since it was also highly cytotoxic for BJ cells. Despite this, it may be concluded that biotinylated and R-glycidylated PAMAM G3 dendrimers substituted with both celecoxib and simvastatin can be considered as a new perspective anticancer agent, effective in therapy of malignant, incurable glioblastomas.


The transition of scientific journals from print to electronic open new sceneries, offers new opportunities, but also creates uncertainties, brings new challenges, requires new attitudes. My paper intends to reflect on the meaning of this transition for the scholarly community: on the needs which it satisfies and the expectations which it creates, but also on the problems which it brings. In particular, the aim of the paper is to underline the necessity – from the scholarly community – of a bigger awareness of the problems and of an activer participation of universities, research institutions and researchers, as they are authors, in the production, circulation and archiving of scholarly information at reasonable costs. If a bigger consciousness by authors is joined by a bigger cooperation between the various partners, scholarly communication will be advantaged. Commercial electronic publishing predominates in a market in which the other partners – in Europe more than in the US – are quite passive. But maybe the moment of the 'revolt' (which must be a cooperative one) has come...


With the progress of science and technology, human-computer interaction technology has become a research hotspot. Many new interaction methods have been developed. As an important organ to receive information, eye plays an important role in human-computer interaction. In this paper, an electrooculogram acquisition system is designed by using five electrodes to measure the amplitude of electrooculogram. The 3Hz and 8Hz components of electrooculogram are extracted by variational modal decomposition. The maximum, minimum, distance between maximum and minimum, mean and standard deviation of these frequency components are used as features. KNN, SVM, CART and Bagging classifiers are used to classify electrooculogram. In the two-dimensional coordinate system, the highest accuracy of the classification of 44 eye rotation angles is 88.40%, which is 12.50% higher than the accuracy of only using the time domain features. It proves the effectiveness of the proposed method and provides a richer interaction mode for human-computer interaction.


To develop students' creativity with abundant ideology of physics. To develop students' scientific competence with scientific research and thinking method. To develop students' study ability with various teaching method. To carry out quality education in the course of general physics teaching.


It has been one year since the American Academy of Pediatrics published Standards of Child Health Care. During this time, 16,000 copies of this manual have been distributed. The recipients have varied from individual pediatricians to federal government agencies, state departments of health and welfare, and insurance companies.
 The Subcommittee on Standards of the Council on Pediatric Practice has begun preliminary considerations for revision of the manual. We are eager to learn of the uses to which it has been put as well as comments and criticisms which may be helpful in the revision process.


The International Court of Justice (ICJ), with its seat at the Hague, was established as one of the principal organs of the United Nations (UN) to help materialise the fundamental objectives of the UN, i.e., maintenance of peace and a stable world order. One of the main purposes of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security and, to that end, to bring about by peaceful means adjustment or settlement of international disputes which might lead to a breach of peace. It was with this view that the UN Charter created the ICJ as one of its six major organs. Article 2(4) of the Charter categorically prohibits use or threat of force in international disputes. The natural corollary of this is the principle of pacific settlement of international disputes. Article 2(3) of the Charter obligates the states to settle their disputes peacefully. As an organ of the United Nations, the ICJ serves as one of the various methods of the peaceful settlement of disputes provided for in the Charter. For judicial settlement of international disputes, ICJ is the single most important forum. The recourse to arbitration or to the ICJ should be the 'only method' and the sine qua non for peace in the community. No doubt, the ICJ is the World Court to deal with the international relations among states in accordance with world law i.e., international law. But, international law itself has its own perplexities, vagueness and weaknesses; so has the ICJ – a creature of international law. International


In this paper, unlike other developments in missile guidance which rely on solving a system of coupled nonlinear differential equations, an innovative approach is presented for studying tactical missile guidance. The moving orthogonal coordinate system of classical geometric curve theory is similar to the stability axis system used in atmospheric flight mechanics. Based on this similarity, the Frenet-Serret formula of classical geometric curve theory together with the concept of a pseudo-missile pointing velocity vector are used to analyze and design a missile guidance law. The capture capability of this guidance law is qualitatively studied by comparing the rotations of the velocity vectors of missile and target relative to the line of sight vector. Sufficient initial conditions for capture are found by following sequences of engagement geometry with different initial conditions.


Introduction: Many variables may influence post-operative symptoms after lower third molar extraction. Objective: To assess which pre and intra-operative variables may influence postoperative signs and symptoms after lower third molar extraction. Materials and Methods: 17 patients scheduled for lower third molar extraction were included in this study. Patients were pre-operatively asked to perform a cold pressor test and to fill a questionnaire about the expectation of pain. Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess dental anxiety. Swelling and trismus were assessed before surgery, and two days and seven day after surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed at the end of the surgery and for the subsequent 6 days. Maximum post-operative pain was used as main outcome variable. Pearson correlation was used as statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results: The only two variables correlated to maximum post-operative pain were the expectation of pain during the first day after surgery (r= 0.64, p= 0.006) and the duration of cold pressor test (r= 0.52, p= 0.03). The only variable correlated to trismus and swelling at 2 days was the duration of surgery (r=-.66, p=.007 and r= 0.79, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Post-operative pain after lower third molar extraction results to be associated to subjective variables as pain expectation and tolerance, instead post-operative signs are found to be associated to the duration of surgery.


Performance demands placed on high-speed computers raise the requirements of sub-system interfaces. While many design practices exist to maximize sub-system performance, cost and schedule limitations can reduce the variables designers have to enable targeted bus speeds. In the case of IBM's new petaflop supercomputer, analysis revealed the strategic nature of the PCI Expressreg interface for this design. This is due to the channel variables' ability to be modified to improve performance without impacting overall system architecture. Therefore, this paper will discuss the research and development activities of the PCIereg channel within the IBM Roadrunner petaflop supercomputer to be delivered to Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2008 (http://www.lanl.gov/roadrunner/). These development activities include novel methods aimed at reducing channel insertion loss, with minimal impact to system hardware, schedule, and cost, through utilization of flexible circuit interconnect. IBM flex circuit research and development activities will be described, as well as the channel attenuation improvements realized as a result of this research. Finally, impacts to IBM Roadrunner manufacturing, cost and qualification activities, as a result of new flex circuit constructs, will be discussed.


Tax strategy has long been mistaken for tax evasion by majority of staff with the negligence of the positive role of tax strategy and comprehensive misunderstanding of system.Aimed to solve the problem, the paper expresses the correct definition of tax strategy and measures to it ,analyzes the goal of tax strategy and ways,then it festifies its current significance.


1. The name of the product design: The air conditioning control panel. 2. The use of the product design: automobile interior member belongs. 3. The designer of a design elements: shape of the product. 4. The best indicator of design elements or photographs of: a perspective view.


During October-December 1995 in the remote and rural district of Kassena-Nankana in the upper eastern region of Ghana the Navrongo Health Research Centre (NHRC) conducted a survey of women and men of reproductive age living in 1212 compounds. Researchers aimed to identify the determinants of early adoption of family planning. In 1994 NHRC introduced a pilot project in the district to set up community-based health and family planning services. At baseline only 2 of about 2000 women in the area used contraception; but within 18 months 225 women were using contraception. Yet outreach services were essentially the same for all compounds. Case compounds were those compounds where at least one woman had adopted contraception. Within case compounds the adults were further divided into cases (acceptors) and non-cases. Control compounds were those where no one had adopted contraception. The two most important determinants of family planning use were spousal communication leading to wives perception of support from husbands for contraceptive use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23; p < 0.1) and extrafamilial communication leading perception of encouragement and support for family planning (OR = 1.17; p < 0.1). Spousal communication and social support mediated the effect of literacy type of marriage and parity-influenced contraceptive use. These findings show that accessibility is not always the main obstacle to family planning use since contraception was accessible through the project. They suggest that a sense of collective participation in a community project is also needed; so the community communication strategy should be different than the design for service delivery. Based on these findings the communication strategy should focus on lineage groups and male social networks. Health and family planning services should foster social interaction about family planning as well as generate social support for women who choose to adopt contraception. This social interaction will legitimize the service delivery program.


Atmospheric weather patterns usually occur on scales of a 1000 km or 5000 km and greater, and quasisteady situations can be caused by the appearance of high pressure, blocking zones. Attention is given to the wave-wave interactions and their effects on atmospheric flows on the large scale. The discussion is performed with the beta-plane model for a spherical geometry and a large number of degrees of freedom. The barotropic potential vorticity equation is defined, and discretization of the topography of the sphere results in a spectral truncation with 25 components. The solutions are generated as a function of a forcing and a dissipative parameter. The model yields steady, periodic, and aperiodic solutions, which are shown to be analogous to zonal and blocked atmospheric flows.


Background: Though a role for early developmental disturbance(s) in schizophrenia is postulated, it has proved difficult to identify 'hard', biological evidence. The brain and face emerge in embryological intimacy, such that in neurodevelopmental disorders, brain dysmorphogenesis is accompanied by facial dysmorphogenesis. Methods: 3D laser surface imaging was used to capture the facial surface of patients and controls in 37 male and 32 female patients who satisfied DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia in comparison with 58 male and 34 female control subjects. Surface images were analysed using geometric morphometrics and 3D visualisations to identify domains of facial shape that distinguish patients from controls. Results: Both male and particularly female patients evidenced significant facial dysmorphology. There was narrowing and reduction of the mid/lower face and frontonasal prominences, including reduced width and posterior displacement of the mouth, lips and chin; increased width of the upper face, mandible and skull base, with lateral displacement of the cheeks, eyes and orbits, and anterior displacement of the superior margins of the orbits. Conclusions: The frontonasal prominence, which enjoys the most intimate embryological relationship with the anterior brain and also orchestrates aspects of development in maxillary and mandibular domains, evidences a characteristic topography of dysmorphogenesis in schizophrenia.


The principles of 3-D video display are expounded.Three kinds of video display technology are introduced,for example,grating mask,volumetric display,electric-holograph,which are studied intensively.


Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder (CMPD) characterized by clonal hematopoietic proliferation, reactive marrow fibrosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Twenty CMPDs, previously diagnosed as chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF), were reviewed according to the WHO morphological parameters (Vardiman et al., 2001) and classified as prefibrotic-CIMF (p-CIMF), fibrotic-CIMF (f-CIMF), polycythemia vera (PV) and post-polycythaemic myelofibrosis (PPMF). Patients median age was 67 yrs (range: 45–84), generally presenting cytogenetic abnormalities and treated with chemotherapy. Quantitation of peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells was carried out according to ISHAGE gating strategy. Clonogenic assays were performed both on bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM) and on cells extracted from the bone marrow biopsy (BMB) using either flushing and trypsin digestion. Myeloid progenitor cell number (CFU-GM) was evaluated in semisolid medium. Fibroblast progenitor cell number (CFU-F) was studied seeding cells in IMDM medium supplemented with 20% FBS. Microvessel density hot spots (MVD) was evaluated according to Weidner et. al., 1991. Data are summarized in Table 1. Circulating CD34+ cells were higher in all classes in comparison with normals but a clearcut decrease was observed from p-CIMF to f-CIMF and from PV to PPMF. A similar trend was observed in committed progenitor cells both in bone marrow aspirated (BM) and bone (BMB), suggesting that f-CIMF and PPMF may represent late stages of the disease in which hematopoietic cells have been progressively replaced with fibroblasts. Fibroblast precursors (CFU-F) were much lower in BM than in BMB (treated with flushing and trypsinization) in all group of patients even though these findings may be related to sampling artifacts. In any case, in both BM and BMB, CFU-F increased from p-CIMF to f-CIMF, suggesting an active progression on myelofibrosis; on the contrast, BMB CFU-F significantly decrease from PV to PPMF, indicating a progressive exhaustion of the fibroblast precursors. Moreover, MVD performed in a larger group of patients (n=50) showed higher median values than normal controls, particularly evident in PPMF, where an inverse correlation between fibrosis and angiogenesis was observed. These data suggest that f-CIMF and PPMF could be the fibrotic exit of two distinct MPDs, respectively p-CIMF and PV, indicating that the ethiopatogenesis of the two diseases may be intrinsically different. In conclusion, our "in vitro" data support the WHO classification and may have diagnostic and clinical relevance.

| WHO Classification | CD34+ PB cells/μl | CFU-GM 5X10e5 cells (BM) | CFU-GM 5X10e5 cells (BMB) | CFU-F 1X10e6 cells (BM) | CFU-F 1X10e6 cells (BMB) | MVD (vessels number) |
|:------------------ | ----------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------- |
| | Median (Range) |
| p-CIMF (7pt) | 110 (1.16–378) | 75.5 (65–86) | 12 (2–22) | 1 (1–15) | 67.5 (0–113) | 30 (26–43) |
| f-CIMF (3pt) | 42 (15–165) | 59 (40–60) | nd | 18 (18–32) | 176 (27–325) | 24 (20–44.6) |
| PV (3pt) | 393 (110–676) | 41.5 (18–65) | 111.5 (76–147) | 12.5 (1–24) | 167.5 (86–249) | 18.6 (7.3–33) |
| PPMF (7pt) | 178 (0.04–376) | 19 (10–28) | 10 (0–81) | 0 (2–4) | 36 (10–214) | 33.8 (15–40) |
| Controls | <1 | 100 (60–120) | nd | 44 (18–78) | 66 (40–108) | 6.6 (4.6–16.3) |

Table 1


This article analyses the objectives of the «On a Journey: Spanish Architecture in the Arab World» exhibition produced by Casa Arabe and the Superior Council of Architects' Associations of Spain (cscae). It discusses the possibilities the Arab world offers for the internationalisation of the Spanish architectural sector and the achievements of a large number of Spanish architecture and engineering firms in Arab countries. The importance of Al-Andalus heritage as a source of inspiration for Spanish professionals and as a relevant element of the Marca Espana (Spain Brand) are also demonstrated.


Biometrics relies on the inherent characteristics of human biology or behavior for authentication. As a burgeoning non-invasive technology, bio-impedance spectroscopy (BIS) technology is mainly used in medical diagnosis. However, its ability to distinguish different people has not yet been exploited. This paper proposes a new biometric identification method based on palm BIS measurement. A palm BIS measurement system based on integrated impedance converter AD5933 was built and measurement experiments on 50 subjects were carried out. Preliminary recognition test based on Euclidean distance (ED) method and absolute distance (AD) method was performed and the recognition accuracy is 74% for ED method and 86% for AD method. This research demonstrates for the first time that there is a possibility of a new biometrics identification method based on palm BIS measurement and is worthy of further research.


This study focuses on the goal orientation of students with and without special education needs (SEN) in inclusive schools. Participants were 186 students (110 boys; 76 girls) from Grade 7 (mean age = 13.83). Of these, 93 were diagnosed as having SEN, while the other 93 were mainstream students matched on IQ. Students without SEN scored significantly higher in mastery-goal orientation, while students with SEN had a significantly higher performance-avoidance orientation. Two-step regression analyses showed that SEN was the only variable to predict differences in both mastery orientation and performance-avoidance orientation, while actual school achievements in German and Mathematics, self-estimations of school achievement in these school domains, as well as calibration (all entered in Step 1) were not significant.


Abstract : Descriptions of devices for holding double-paned windows in their frames are given, along with a discussion of the structural properties required of glass and seals.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the tweeting behavior of 37 astrophysicists on Twitter and compares their tweeting behavior with their publication behavior and citation impact to show whether they tweet research-related topics or not. Design/methodology/approach – Astrophysicists on Twitter are selected to compare their tweets with their publications from Web of Science. Different user groups are identified based on tweeting and publication frequency. Findings – A moderate negative correlation (ρ=−0.339) is found between the number of publications and tweets per day, while retweet and citation rates do not correlate. The similarity between tweets and abstracts is very low (cos=0.081). User groups show different tweeting behavior such as retweeting and including hashtags, usernames and URLs. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited in terms of the small set of astrophysicists. Results are not necessarily representative of the entire astrophysicist community on Twitter and ...


Typical thermal system performance measurements include measurements from a sensor's digital or analog output while system performance characterizations are based upon measurements from those outputs while characterizing the performance of the display separately. This can be a improper assumption because additional signal processing could occur between the sensor test port and the display. Recent research has focused on the characterization of thermal system displays for better model fidelity. The next evolution in this research is to introduce a means for characterizing thermal system signal intensity transfer (SITF) and three dimensional noise (3DN) performance for systems that have a display as well as a known digital output. This correspondence presents an attempted means to characterize the SITF and 3DN performance for a thermal system when only using a display as the output.


Intrinsic noise is known to be ubiquitous in Josephson junctions. We introduce a rough tunnel junction model characterized by a very small number of pinholes\char22{}transport channels possessing a transmission coefficient close to unity and analyze its transport properties. Although it may still have just a small total leakage current, it can lead to enormous current fluctuations in the low-voltage regime. We show that even fully transparent transport channels between superconductors contribute to shot noise due to the uncertainty in the number of Andreev cycles. We discuss shot-noise enhancement by multiple Andreev reflection in such a junction and investigate whether pinholes might contribute as a microscopic mechanism of two-level current fluctuators. We discuss the connection of these results to the junction resonators observed in Josephson phase qubits.


A direct fluorescence spectra method was applied for the determination of metallothioneins at nanomolar levels. In Britton–Robison (B-R) buffer (pH 7.0), the interaction of bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) complex cation [Cu(phen)_2]^2+ and metallothioneins enhanced the fluorescence intensity of system. The fluorescence enhancement at 365 nm was proportional to the concentration of metallothioneins. The mechanism was studied and discussed in terms of the fluorescence and UV-absorption spectra. Under the optimal experimental conditions, at 365 nm, there was a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of the metallothioneins in the range of 8.30 × 10^−9 – 7.70 × 10^−7 mol L^−1. The linear regression equation was Δ F = 8.96 + 38.01 c (mol L^−1), with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.998 and detection limit 2.50 × 10^−9 mol L^−1. The relative standard deviation was 0.47% ( n = 11), and the average recovery 97.2%. The proposed method was successfully reliable, selective and sensitive in determining trace metallothioneins in fish visceral organ samples with the results in good agreement with those obtained by HPLC.


1: Key thematic chapters: 2: Organic matter and sustainability, M R Carter, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada 3: Modelling soil organic matter dynamics - Global challenges, K Paustian, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado 4: Soil organic matter: The roles of residue quality in C sequestration and N supply, G Cadisch, Wye, Ashford Kent and K Giller, Dept of Soil Science & Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe 5: The role of soil organic matter and manures in sustainable nutrient cycling, K W T Goulding, Soil Science Department, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, et al 6: Implications of soil biodiversity for sustainable organic matter management, K Ritz and B S Griffiths, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee 7: Soil teeming with life: New frontiers for soil science, J M Tiedje, Centre for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, et al


Global warming is a worldwide issue but it is mostly developing countries like Fiji and other island nations such as Kiribati that are being affected. While citizens of most economies do not have a say in legislations and policies of their countries towards reducing emissions, the only realistic way of having a say can be done through their behaviour towards reducing carbon footprints. This study seeks to study attitudes of educated Fijians towards environmental issues, particularly issues brought by tourism and Fijians intentional behaviour in reducing these impacts by minimising their carbon footprints. It concludes that tourism is not regarded as a high impact environmental issue owing to Fijians either lack of awareness or an intentional lack of awareness. Awareness campaigns in Fiji are generic in nature, as most mentioned behaviours were unspecific meaning most Fijians know what to do but do not know how.


Machine to Machine (M2M), communication between the machines without or with the least-human involvement, is going to be an important part of life. Healthcare is one of the areas on which M2M is going to play major roles. At present time, healthcare sensors monitor patient information and notify remote doctors. However, if we can integrate more intelligence in healthcare sensors, then these can sense patient's emergency condition by themselves and can notify doctor before severe condition. In this context, we have developed intelligent mobile sensor agents in a healthcare scenario in a M2M context. This sensor agent can sense blood pressure of a patient and can notify remote doctor, with the help of an intelligent adapter and a manager in a M2M healthcare scenario.


In the first decade after the opening of the Soviet archives, scholars' focus — both east and west of where the "iron curtain" once hung—largely centered on the most dramatic and violent period of Soviet history: the 1930s. Groundbreaking studies of the purges, collectivization, and daily life in both the new industrial cities and the socialized countryside all transformed the way Soviet history was conceived and taught in universities across the world. In contrast, the postwar, and post-Stalin, years seemed relatively virgin territory, at least in terms of archive-based research; and in the late 1990s, historians, particularly graduate students, turned their focus to these later periods. Perhaps in part this younger generation wanted to carve out its own territory, but there was more to the new trend than simple careerism: new interpretations of the 1930s had raised fascinating questions for the decades after 1953. What impact did the leader's death and his subsequent discrediting have on the life stories of those who had seen their lives transformed in the 1930s (through migration to the city, acquisition of literacy, engagement in mass politics)? How did citizens who had, in Stephen Kotkin's terms, started to "speak Bolshevik" negotiate the sudden shifts in rhetoric introduced when Khrushchev attacked the "cult of personality"? What impact did the renunciation of terror have on relations between government and society, and how were the legacies of Stalinist violence to be handled? Growing scholarly interest in World War II and its aftermath began to pose additional, and important, questions for the post1953 period, particularly with regard to veterans' expectations for a better life, the demographic shortfall and gender imbalance, and the conflicting emotions of pride and grief generated by the victories and losses of 1941–45. Broader developments within academia also played their part —in particular the "cultural turn," which dramatically expanded the issues, methodologies, I am very grateful to Susan Morrissey, Susan Reid, Polly Jones, and Kristin Roth-Ey for reading and commenting on a draft of this article. I also appreciate the guidance provided by Stephen Lovell and the other editors at Kritika.


This paper examines key junctures at which researchers make interpretive decisions. Our underlying assumption is that all research is interpretive, and reality is being constructed at every stage of a research process. Our purpose is to explore three research constructs, role of the researcher, research questions, and underlying assumptions, as these affect the process of research. We address two questions: When are meanings constructed in social science and educational research, and Why do researchers from varied interpretive traditions develop simultaneously viable, even though disparate, meanings? Our focus is on the hermeneutic orientation to research. Literature from the study of construct validity, in particular the work of Cherryholmes (1988), provides a foundation for the development of an interpretive framework. We conclude with a brief application of this framework used as a tool to examine selected examples of research in art education.


The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), an interferometric radio telescope will have 66 array elements when complete. The ALMA Front End is designed to accommodate up to 10 receiver bands covering most of the wavelength range from 10 to 0.3 mm. Superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixers are employed for Bands 3 (~3 mm) through 10 (~0.3 mm). Ordinarily the SIS bias is selected to achieve the lowest receiver noise temperatures. However, in order to obtain the lowest detection threshold, the SIS bias also needs to be optimized with respect to receiver stability. There are also other parameters to be optimized such as the magnetic field strength used to suppress the Josephson currents and avoidance of Shapiro. This paper will summarize the results of work carried out to derive the optimal operating parameters for the large number of mixers in use on the telescope so as to keep the telescope operating reliably and repeatably.


Foliar spraying of commercial humic substances of different origin (leonardite, peat and plant residues) on Lycopersicum esculentum Mill cv. Durinta and cv. Jaguar, grown on soilless culture under several salinity levels, showed different effects depending on the cultivar, salinity level and origin of the humic substances. The three humic treatments were capable of stimulating the concentration of Zn and Mn in the cv. Durinta. In cv. Jaguar, the humic substances did not affect any nutritional parameter, but the levels of chlorophyll increased. The humic treatments were capable of significantly decreasing the proline concentration compared to control for both cultivars.


A new approach to identifying nonlinear principal component models is presented. This involves the application of linear principal component analysis (PCA) prior to the identification of a modified autoassociative neural network (AAN) that represents the required nonlinear PCA model. The benefits of this new approach are that (i) the size of the reduced set of linear principal components (PCs) is smaller than the set of recorded process variables, and (ii) the set of PCs is better conditioned as redundant and insignificant information is removed. The result is a new set of input data for a modified network. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated using a recorded industrial data that relates to crack detection in an industrial melter process.


The objective of this paper is to assess Canada's competitiveness in attracting petroleum investment vis-a-vis its international competitors. The primary emphasis has been on an examination of Canadian oil frontier prospects in the Beaufort and on the East Coast, although there has been a limited analysis of prospective Alberta plays. "Typical" foreign pools for ten countries (including Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Tunisia, U.K., Vietnam and Yemen) were selected for comparative purposes. Assessment measures include such conventional financial criteria as Rate of Return (ROR), Net Present Value (NPV) to total investment, and payout, as well as the incorporation of exploratory and political risk and an examination of government take. Other key factors such as company concerns re reserve replacement and diversification and a changing inductry focus away from high return/high geological risk to lower risk/quicker payout projects have also been considered in the study. Major conclusions include the inability of Canadian large frontier projects to compete with other international prospects. Although returns on Alberta prospects are much more competitive, the limited size of typical discoveries is a limiting factor. Results have implications for Canadian frontier development and for Canadian resource taxation policy.


The Prototype Digital Control System for Advanced Reactor is produced by NPIC. This system is based on Siemens SIMATIC PCS 7 process control system. The system is redundant. Human-machine interface has the function with information display and operation. Finally the system passed the simulation in close loop. The research solved the key technology of digital control system of reactor and will be very helpful for the nationalization of digital reactor control system.


Investigators at the Paediatric Neurology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, and other centers in the UK and USA carried out a population-based study of children, 1-24 months of age, with new-onset epilepsy, ascertained over 13 months from 15 boroughs of North London.


In this paper, we study a feasibility problem with infinitely many sets in a metric space. We present a novel algorithm and analyze its convergence. The algorithms used for the feasibility problem in the literature work for finite collections of sets and cannot be applied if the collection of sets is infinite. The main feature of these algorithms is that, for iterative steps, we need to calculate the values of all the operators belonging to our family of maps and even their sums with weighted coefficients. This is impossible if the family of maps is not finite. In the present paper, we introduce a new algorithm for solving feasibility problems with infinite families of sets and study its convergence. It turns out that our results hold for feasibility problems in a general metric space.


Fareed Zakaria is known in the field of international relations as one of the prominent scholars arguing for a neoclassical approach. His inclinations towards the approach were highlighted in his w...


about the existence of natural groups constituting separate creations." The whole is in his opinion a question of degree. What is the outcome of the tendencies of modern scientific thought, materialism and the reign of physical law? The logical and courageous philosopher with the modesty of true science will exclaim with our author, after a survey of the little that is positively known of the laws of nature that "before a rigorous logical scrutiny the Reign of Law will prove to be an unverified hypothesis, the Uniformity of Nature an ambiguous expression, the certainty of our scientific inferences to a great extent a deluSiO1." The closing paragraphs of the book leave an excellent impression, and its whole tendency is to induce that attitude of the mind which characterizes the true philosopher who, as our author quotes from Faraday, "should be a man willing to listen to every suggestion, but determined to judge for himself. He should not be biased by appearances; have no favourite hypothesis; be of no school: and in doctrine have no master. He should not be a respecter of persons, but of things. Truth should be his primary object. If to these qualities be added industry, he may indeed hope to walk within the veil of the temple of nature."


Qualitative analyses by GC–FID and GC–MS of the neutral fractions from hexane extract of the leaves, stems and roots of Croton sellowii were carried out. Sesquiterpenoids, n-alkanes, aliphatic esters and aliphatic alcohols and alkyl benzene derivatives were identified. Caryophyllene oxide (46.8%) and trans-caryophyllene (40.8%) were most abundant in the leaves, while caryophyllene oxide (26.5%) and cubenol (16.7%) were the main constituents in the stems. In the roots, besides mesitylene (15.2%), the sesquiterpenes γ-(7.6%), α-(6.9%) and β-eudesmol (5.5%) were the most abundant components. All identified constituents are described for the first time in this species. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Electrically tunable filters are very important for the success of a programmable radio concept. Designing microwave filters, whose parameters can be changed programmatically, is a problem. This article is devoted to the design and study of the parameters of electrically tunable filters on dielectric resonators, which can be used, among other things, to reject powerful interference at the input of a receiving device.


The article describes a study of teachers of distance home-based learning, particularly the emotional structure of communication in the "teacher-learner" relationship.


Various heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) have been reported to be associated with cancer cell growth. However, it remains unclear whether hnRNP G‐T, which is specifically expressed in the testis, is expressed in tumor cells, and whether hnRNP G‐T expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is associated with tumor progression. We herein report that hnRNP G‐T promoted cancer cell growth and stabilized mRNA of ZDHHC11 in CRC. The cell growth was inhibited by transfection of siRNA of hnRNP G‐T in cancer cells, but not in non‐cancerous epithelial cells. The tumor promotive effect of hnRNP G‐T was confirmed in an HCT116 transplanted mouse model. RT‐PCR and western blotting indicated the augmentation of hnRNP G‐T in CRC in comparison to non‐cancerous cells. The downregulation of hnRNP G‐T inhibited cancer cell growth and promoted apoptosis in CRC. A transcriptome analysis combined with immunoprecipitation revealed that hnRNP G‐T stabilized 174 mRNAs, including ZDHHC11 mRNA. The cell growth was also suppressed by the transfection of siRNA of ZDHHC11 and the mRNA and the protein expression were decreased by the transfection of siRNA of hnRNP G‐T. These results suggested that hnRNP G‐T promotes the cell growth of CRC by regulating the mRNA of ZDHHC11. Therefore, hnRNP G‐T will be highlighted as an effective therapeutic target with less adverse effects in CRC therapy.


: The study focused on the effects of the synetics teaching method on the student's creative thinking and problem-solving skills in physics. The researcher used the quantitative research method, specifically the descriptive quasi- experimental design was employed to find out if the use of the synectics teaching method enhances the problem-solving and creative thinking skills of the Grade 12 students in physics. Intact groups were selected and then matched according to age, final grade in Physics 1, pre-test in problem-solving skills and pre-test in creative thinking skills. The post-test mean scores of the experimental and control groups are 17.52 and 14.90 respectively. The two groups in creative thinking skills slightly differed with 3.978 for experimental group and 3.61 for the control indicating an improved in creative thinking skills of the students. The difference in the pre-tests and post-tests scores of the two groups in the problem-solving skills test of the experimental group showed better improvement when synectics teaching techniques in the eight (8) modules were utilized. The p-value of 0.00243 indicates that the post test mean scores of the two groups differ significantly. The experimental group performs better than the control group in terms of Problem-Solving Skills. Finally, the relationship between problem solving skills and creative thinking skills of the experimental group revealed that the interaction between the creative thinking skills vis-à-vis problem-solving skills has low significant relationship as implied by the p-value of -0.045 indicating that the high problem-solving skills of the students varies inversely with the creative thinking skills.


Nowadays, companies are required to act swiftly, being decisive and accurate in running the business as well as making decisions to face the growing competition in the business environment that moves dynamically and filled with uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to analyze and test the positive effect of the interactivity of E-wom system on decision support satisfaction, the interactivity of e-wom towards equality of the website, e-quality of the website on decision support satisfaction and its impact on eloyalty. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Convenience sampling was applied. Samples were collected from 400 respondents. Statistical analysis was conducted using the approach of Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This study shows that the interactivity of E-wom system had a positive effect on e-quality of the website and on decision support satisfaction. Then, equality of the website had a positive effect on decision support satisfaction. Finally, decision support satisfaction had a positive effect on e-loyalty.


123 Abstract—The sign language used by physically challenged, but sign language remains a sixth position in langu ages. This language when translated into words such that every one can understand, improves the communication between peop le and they lead to many other application. The main object ive is to develop an electronic device that can translate the sign language into text. The sign language translator we have deve loped uses a glove fitted sensors that can interrupt the basic words of the differently abled sign language. The glove uses a sl iding potentiometer and 3axis accelerometers to gather information about the finger's position and hand's motion to di fferentiate the words. This will give an opportunity for physically disabled people to communicate with ordinary people.


The extent and scope of state regulation of the secular curriculum and of the quality of educational provision in schools in England has grown virtually beyond recognition in the past 15 years. Within that period, England has moved from being one of the least legally regulated systems to one of the most highly regulated in Europe, a transformation which has been by no means without political, educational and legal controversy. ... This article will first address the question as to why the government decided to develop a highly detailed and prescriptive regulatory framework for the curriculum in England, placing this reform in the context of other related educational reforms during the same period. The second part of the article will examine some key elements of the regulatory framework itself and will discuss in particular the manner in which it is formulated and promulgated by the central government. ... The final part of the article will consider the potential for legal challenge by aggrieved parties - parents or children - in respect of the substantive content, quality or delivery of the curriculum in schools. It will consider the limited litigation that has arisen so far in England relating to the substance of educational provision, and whether the establishment of a detailed regulatory framework for the curriculum increases the likelihood of litigation in this context. (DIPF/Orig.)


Objective To analyze the clinical and radiographic features of Caroli's disease,and to explore the value of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of Caroli's disease,in order to improve diagnostic level of this disease.Methods ① We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 11 cases of Caroli's disease patients,which were pathologically confirmed as Caroli's disease,from January 2009 to January 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.② According to 357 cases reported in the literature we analyzed the clinical and radiological features.Results ① In 11 cases,the male vs female ratio was 1∶1.2,the average age of diagnosis was 46.6 years old,4 of 11 cases were type Ⅰ,the other 7 cases were type Ⅱ; the main clinical manifestations were repeated right upper quadrant pain or discomfort,fever,jaundice,portal hypertension.Overall,4 cases were combined with bile duct stones,2 cases combined with renal cyst,3 cases showed "Sac tail sign",3 cases showed "central dot sign",6 cases had "hanging sign".② Combined with the reported 368 cases of Caroli's disease patients,the male vs female ratio was 1:1.01,the average age of diagnosis was 34.7 years old,48.4% with type Ⅰ,51.6% with type Ⅱ; 49.1% combined with bile duct stones,18.1% with renal cystic disease; the occurrence rate of "Sac tail sign","central dot sign" and "hanging sign" were 44.3%,43.8% and 86.2% respectively.Conclusion Caroli's disease has no significant gender differences,type Ⅱ more slightly than type Ⅰ,the most common complication was duct stones,and the "Sac tail sign","central dot sign" and "hanging sign" are the significant radiographic features of Caroli's disease.These clinical and radiological features can improve the diagnosis of Caroli's disease.

Key words:
Caroli's disease;  Imaging diagnosis


Nonhospitalized COVID‐19 and hepatitis C‐coinfected patient presented prolonged RNA shedding and mild course of infection. This finding demonstrated the importance of long follow‐up of these patients.


A study examines the migration situation in Thailand with a particular focus on foreign skilled migrant workers. A brief overview of Thailand's current economic conditions is discussed and the human resource imbalance in the Thai labour market, which is related to the movement of skilled foreign workers, is analysed.


The ongoingrevolution ofInformation and Communication Technologies (ICT)hasbeenchanging the different aspects oflife andtransforming allcultural, industrial, economical andeducational activities. Inourdisparate world characterized by majordifferences betweenincomelevels, religion, language,economicdevelopment, technology penetration, infrastructure, information access, andknowledge ofpeople, itisessential todevelop andimplement integrated short termandlongtermprograms tosharethebenefits ofthis "newbraveworld". In thisregards, thesituation ofthe developing countries ismostcrucial andchallengeable. Oneof themostimportant factors thatcanhelpdeveloping countries to bridge this meta-digital divide isHumanResource Development (HRD)forInformation Technology andtheE-activity age..The Islamic Republic ofIranistrying tobeaneffective partofthe information agesociety amongthedeveloping countries. Despite theattractive capacity ofIran's humanresources andregarding thegeo-economical andgeopolitical positions ofIran,itis necessary todevelop integrated HRD programstoleadand managethis inevitable process. Inthis article, thepossible HRD approaches investigated andanalyzed. Withemphasizing onthe humanresources, we studied thecurrent situations ofIranin termsofdifferent aspects ofdigital ageandusing aconceptual modelassessed appropriate approaches ofdeveloping human resources forsociety ofIranwiththeaimofaccelerating the speed ofitsgrowth andadaptation inthedigital age. I.INTRODUCTION Information andcommunication technology hasaltered theworldtoday andithasbecometheaxisforeconomical, social andcultural developments ofmanycountries. The increasing growthof globalization forcesdifferent occupations toincrease their efficiency andoffer better services andfacilities totheir customers andperform their internal andexternal correspondence viamoreadvanced IT systems. Inthisregard, thedeveloping countries should develop information technology insuchawaythatitcan keepitslongtermcompetitive advantages. Skilled and qualified humanresources areinherent parts ofITand therefore theyserve asakeyforthefuture development of thecountry. Itiscertain thatthecreation ofinformation society cannot bedonewithout theactive contribution of governments intheconstruction ofnecessary information basis andthecorrection ofeducational system. Efficient humanresources intheIT industry, isa prerequisite forenhancing andstrengthening competition ability inanycountry. However, theworkforce deficiency related toitisacrucial issue intheworldandespecially in developing countries. Moderneconomyrequires people whoseknowledge andskill havechanged inaccordance with thegrowthofinformation (5). Nowadays, thetraditional trading models that emphasis onfixed assets, liquid funds and economizing bymassproduction areverydefenseless in facing moreintelligent organizations that makeuseofnew technologies forthereduction oftheir expenses; therefore, theyareforced toaccept basic changes intheir methodof trading andemphasis moreoninformation management than onphysical assets (7). Inthis relation, itisnecessary that these countries focus ontheproduction anddevelopment of skilled andtrained workforce tomaketheir systems stronger because, itishumansandnotmachines whoadvance this revolution andwhocanstopthespreading ofdigital gap between thecountries. Themainobjective ofthis study istheinvestigation of theincreasing importance ofthedevelopment ofinformation technology andE-commerce inthefield ofscience based economy andthesituation ofexisting humanresources inthe Islamic Republic ofIran. Theproblem ofinsufficiency of skilled humanresources intherealmofinformation technology isconsidered a serious challenge inthe transformation toscience based economical condition. Inthe field ofhumanresources ingeneral andabout IThuman resources management veryfewresearches arereported in therelated literatures (1). Although, somesteps havebeen taken toformulate necessary strategies andguidelines, asit will bediscussed inthis article, theexistence ofscientific and technical foundations arenecessary todevelop special human resource forinformation technology insuchawaythat along withattempts totrain specialists, special careandattention is alsopaidtothem.Unfortunately, noinvestigation into this matter hasbeendoneinIran, orinanyother country atan international level. Ontheother hand, precise internal and worldly statistics intherealm ofIThumanresources inIran isnotsufficient. After defining themostimportant concepts oftheissue, thepresent condition ofinformation technology, E-commerce andtheexisting regulations arediscussed. Afterwards, by presenting theIThumanresources inIranandtheanalysis of thepresent condition, someguidelines andsolutions forthe enhancement andimprovement oftheissues inthis domain aresuggested.


ASEAN Consciousness is facing unprecedented challenges, such as how to cultivate the identification of new ASEAN members to it, and how to adjust it to the new situations of leaders change and more and more transnational problems. The case study on Thailand's proposal "flexible engagement" shows that the present ASEAN leaders would only adopt very little adjustment when facing the new challenges.


Objective
To investigate the association between RNF213 rs6565666 polymorphisms and intracranial cystic aneurysms in patients from Guangdong province.

Methods
Two hundred and fifty patients with intracranial cystic aneurysms, admitted to and conformed by digital substraction angiography (DSA) in our hospital from February 2016 to October 2018, were selected as experimental group; and 250 patients without intracranial aneurysms conformed by DSA, CT angiography or magnetic resonance angiography at the same time period were used as control group. The genotypes of rs6565666 locus of RNF213 gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR).

Results
As compared with those in the control group, percentages of AG and AA genotypes were significantly higher and percentage of GG genotype was statistically higher at rs6565666 locus of patients from the experimental group (P 0.05).

Conclusion
RNF213 gene rs6565666 polymorphism is associated with intracranial cystic aneurysms in patients from Guangdong province.

Key words:
RNF213 gene; Intracranial cystic aneurysm; Genotype


The present paper is an examination of the relationship between man and the great marine depths, starting from the earliest known myths up to our present-day conception based on scientific evidence. The concept of the abyss and the horror it inspires are investigated from a philosophical and poetic point of view to emphasize the vital importance of such concept in human life.


As critical dimensions of semiconductor devices shrink towards 10n and smaller, applications of advanced process control (APC) solutions no longer reap large reductions of observed variances as it used to behave, sometimes with bare improvements or even deteriorations, consequently raising disgruntlement of the management.


Abstract This paper outlines the stereocontrolled synthesis of a functionalised spiropiperidine through a diastereoselective tandem RCM reaction. The diastereoselectivity of this process was found to be strongly dependant on the nature of the catalyst; the less active first generation Ru–carbene complexes provided the desired spirocycle in high yield and with good stereocontrol. Additionally, the further functionalisation of the spiropiperidine was carried out through a regio- and stereoselective dihydroxylation reaction employing Donohoe's OsO4-TMEDA conditions.


High quality welded joints are often an effect of constant control of welding process parameters. However, during production the assurance of correct parameters of the process does not always follow a defect free joint. A crucial problem in the assessment of the quality of joints is to detect subsurface defects which are undetectable with the use of a visual inspection. Detection of hidden defects of welded joints is commonly performed by the application of different destructive and non-destructive tests such as metallographic research, radiography, ultrasonic etc. These methods are very efficient but expensive and time consuming. Additionally, they do not allow us to check each single joint of a produced part. More often and often the maintenance of the welding process is performed on-line by means of monitoring of process parameters [2]. An alternative and most promising way of the maintenance of these processes is to employ a visual control [1,3,4,6]. The process can be observed both in infrared and visible electromagnetic bands. Some solutions are teleand/or thermovision observations. They make possible to identify abnormalities occurring during the process rapidly. These abnormalities often affect the joint quality. It is important that in order to perform an effective on-line vision monitoring of the welding process certain image processing and analysis methods should be applied. Presented research has been devoted to the detection of different kinds of welded joint defects. A multimodal data processing was decided to be applied. The novel approach has proposed for data processing and analysis is the application of image and data fusion methods which emphasize such features of images and signals which are unidentifiable through their separate analyses. The article has been focused on a part of the research dedicated to the processing, analysis and fusion of TV and IR images. In order to acquire welding data suitable for assessing of quality of welded joints the observation of the process was performed with the use of a monitoring system consisting of three cameras (two TVs and one IR) as well as voltage, current and sound transducers. Positions of the cameras are shown in Fig 1.


The invention relates to apparatus for pumping fluids. The technical task proposed utility model consists in increasing the pressure created by the pump, increasing its performance. Said technical result is achieved in that the device for pumping fluid having a rigid pipe, inside which is established a link with arranged perpendicular thereto and parallel to each other working vanes of rectangular shape, on the upper and lower edges are located ferromagnetic plate arranged to phase shift the oscillation in the pipeline, and the pipeline is curved body into the tube and the drive unit with the blades carried by the interaction of the ferromagnetic mp Astin with electromagnets, phase shift which is provided a generator of electromagnetic waves in a predetermined sequence.


In previous publications 1 we have outlined the plan of prevention, presented the data of the incidence of thyroid enlargements as determined by annual surveys of all new pupils in the Akron public schools, and the results of the prophylatic use of sodium iodid for nineteen months. The present paper deals with the data obtained at the fourth general examination made October 13-17, 1919, together with summaries and conclusions based on observations extending over a period of thirty months. ANALYSIS OF THE RECORDS OF NEW PUPILS The general data of the clinical condition of the thyroid gland are given in Table 1. For comparison and reference the figures for the three previous examinations are also given. The pupils included in this table are new admissions to all grades from the fifth to the twelfth, inclusive, and presumably had not previously received iodin. The figures in the first line represent the results


An algorithm for the elicitation of single knots from the utility curve of real decision makers is proposed. The preferential equations of four utility elicitation techniques, namely probability equivalence, certainty equivalence, lottery equivalence and uncertain equivalence are derived from a generic theoretical setup of elicitation methods and a practical algorithm is elaborated for the application of the uncertain equivalence method to both monotonically increasing and decreasing preferences. The algorithm determines uncertainty intervals for the roots using triple bisection. Two example cases are discussed, and the preferences of the decision maker are elicited in one of them through a combination of uncertain equivalence – lottery equivalence algorithm.


Thesocial security fundwillmeetwith manyrisks justlike other investors whenitenters the capital market. Because thesocial security islinked to everyone's life, itcannotendure heavylosses. As a result, itisverynecessary toresearch howtokeepthose investment risks away.Thispaperresearches howto establish theearly warning system oftheinvestment risk ofthesocial security fund, Thegoal istoavoid theheavy losses ofthefundwhile invested inthecapital market. Mean whileitanalyzes thesystematic riskand non-systematic riskthatthesocial security fundmay encounter intheinvestment process, andthenfinds out wheretherelevant riskscomefrom:themarket environment, theadministration structure ofinvestment andthelisted companyinvested. Theearly warning system issetupontheearly warning index system of risks resources, whichcanbeestablished bycombining theBackpropagation artificial neural network with multivariable factor analysis method.


Although the United Nations Climate Change Conference, held recently in Copenhagen, fell short of expectations by failing to achieve a legally binding agreement to fill the gap when the Kyoto Protocol expires in 2012, there were some positive outcomes. A negotiating gridlock limited the resulting Copenhagen Accord to a nonlegally binding treaty drafted in part by the United States. The Accord was not adopted. This article discusses key elements of the Accord, identifies those countries that have committed to greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, and offers insights into the positive outcomes, shortcomings, and business implications of the Accord.


Based on considering the heterogeneity among executive compensation contracts,the paper tests the role of accounting performance in executive turnover.The paper uses pay-performance sensitivity and executive compensation sticky to measure the heterogeneity among executive compensation contracts.The paper finds that the possibility of executive turnover is negatively relate to accounting performance.The higher of pay-performance sensitivity which indicates accounting performance is given higher weight in the establishment of executive compensation contracts,the higher usefulness of accounting information in executives' turnover will be.The lower of executive payment sticky which indicates the efficient of executive compensation contracts are stronger,the higher usefulness of accounting information in executive turnover will be.The paper combines the two studies that test the role of accounting performance in executive compensation contracts establishment and execution respectively,which gives certain enlightenment to further exert the governance role of accounting performance.


Introduction Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multiple anomaly syndrome characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, delay in growth and development, and structural malformations that mainly involve the upper extremities, gastrointestinal, cardiac, renal, and genitourinary systems. Behavioral problems are also a feature of this condition (Kline et al., 2007). The reported incidence of CdLS ranges from 1 : 10 000 to 1 : 50 000 in different population groups (Beck and Fenger, 1985; Krantz et al., 2004). Most cases are sporadic, but dominant and recessive inheritance have been reported (Ptacek et al., 1963; Opitz, 1985). The recurrence risk of CdLS is between 2 and 5%. Mutations in the NIPBL, SMC1A, and SMC3 genes are responsible for CdLS in a proportion of the patients (Krantz et al., 2004). Although miscellaneous central nervous system abnormalities have been reported in CdLS, the condition has not previously been reported in association with neural tube defects (NTDs). NTDs are caused by the incomplete development of the brain and spinal cord and their protective coverings. They are among the most common congenital malformation and open NTDs occur in one to two per 1000 births (Botto et al., 1999). In this case report, a premature infant who has CdLS associated with a rare thoracic meningocele was presented.


Teaching is a profession that gives rise to all types of professions. Profession means that someone had complete knowledge about a specific field like doctor, engineer, accountant and lawyer. Goal of this study was to link likeness of teaching as profession with presence of blood in urine. Sum of 89 students participated in this study. Urine analysis of all these subjects was performed by urine dipstick test. The existence of red blood cells in urine is known as hematuria and it is of two types. First one is that which shows the symptoms of brown coloration of urine. 11.76% males had blood in urine and 88.24% had no blood in urine while 18.37% females had blood in urine and 81.63% had no blood in urine. 50% males and 14.29% females had blood in urine while 50% males and 85.71% females had no blood in urine. End result of this study was that presence or absence of blood in urine had no co-relation with likeness of teaching as profession.


Small titania, TiO2, nanoparticles (< ∼10 nm) are normally restricted to the anatase polymorph, and synthesis of stable rutile nanoparticles below the critical size is challenging. Here, we report ...


In the 19th and 20th centuries, intelligence has evolved to a form that can be recognized in the context of current practice. Unfortunately, many observers misunderstand intelligence. The concepts of critical analysis and intelligence are often confused, as if they were part of the same activity. Intelligence and analysis are a broader process of problem solving, involving data collection and analysis, interpretation, speculative considerations on future developments, patterns, threats, risks and opportunities. Strategic intelligence analysis can be considered as a particular form of research that deals with any problem at the level of comprehensiveness and detail required to describe the threats, risks and opportunities, in a useful way for the development of programs and policies. Strategic intelligence is not a new form of analytic practice, having a tradition of more than two millennia. However, its acceptance within the modern practice is relatively recent, and its development is, even now, in the 21st century, slow and uneven.


It is my pleasure to present the second issue of the ACG Case Reports Journal. This issue covers unusual but important clinical scenarios, interesting images, and novel endoscopic techniques. The members of the Editorial Board were again impressed with the number and quality of submissions. We are committed to providing an opportunity for young gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows to contribute to the literature, and are pleased by the overwhelmingly positive response to the Journal.


In order to reveal the mechanism of how subsidence put influence on the physical properties of soil in mining area and provide the theoretical basis for the ecological restoration and reconstruction of those areas,the physical changes of typical soil sample plots from different subsidence time and soil layers were studied.The results showed: the soil density gradually increased in surface layers but it increased and then decreased in the bottom layers with the extension of mining subsidence,while capillary porosity gradually increased and non-capillary porosity decreased first and then increased;the total porosity gradually decreased in surface soil,but firstly it decreased then increased in the bottom,while the volumetric content and storage capacity of water increased and then decreased as the mass content just gradually decreased;it gradually decreased in surface soil while it firstly decreased and then increased in the bottom in terms of the moisture capacity;on the surface,the field water-holding capacity gradually decreased and it firstly decreased and then increased in the bottom,while soil discharge ability firstly decreased and then increased.


abstract:This manifesto presents starting points for educators to reconsider fashion as a system of satisfiers for fundamental human needs. The manifesto calls for strategic adoption of design for micro-utopias in the fashion system. The challenges facing humanity are approached as opportunities for systems renewal. Fashion design must move beyond a disciplinary model of design to facilitate deliberate societal change over time. The manifesto frames the economy as a design problem and calls for fashion design to collaborate with economists and others on designing the sociomaterial systems in which fashion is produced, used, and discarded. How does fashion repress, tolerate, or stimulate opportunities for people to fulfill their fundamental needs? How can fashion design actively facilitate satisfying fundamental human needs? The manifesto concludes with a call for design educators to be guardians of the possibility of possibility. Design needs to design design itself while concurrently designing the world at large.


Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study hypervelocity impacts of an ultrathin flyer plate with a semi-infinite two-dimensional model diatomic molecular solid. We show that these hypervelocity impacts can produce a dissociative phase transition from a molecular to a close-packed solid in the target material. We also show that hypervelocity impacts of ultrathin plates can produce extensive chemical reactions leading to a detonation accompanied by a phase transition in an energetic version of the model. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


CRIMINAL JUSTICE AGENCIES have become de facto settings for mental health treatment and other clinical services (Lurigio & Swartz, 2000). The growing number of persons with serious mental illness (SMI) who appear at each step in the criminal justice process—from arrest to post-incarceration release—has forced professionals in corrections, who usually have no backgrounds or experiences in the mental health field, to continually face the challenges of identifying, referring, and case managing the mentally ill. With or without special training or guidelines, most criminal justice professionals (such as police officers, probation officers, prison intake workers, and parole agents) screen individuals for mental illness in their daily practice. They do so in order to make decisions about such options as diversion, segregated housing, treatment, or other specialized interventions.


In view of the weak points of the cooperation between worm wheel and worm in massage chair,this paper puts forward a new transmission cooperation method:transmission cooperation of bevel wheel and worm.The processing and lubrication of two kinds of accessories are expatiated.The processing technology,helical angle enlarged proportion of bevel wheel,mould processing allowance of bevel wheel are introduced.The advantages of cooperation between bevel wheel and worm are validated.


Keywords and keyphrases are important for Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as document classification, information retrieval, and topic identification. They are also useful for capturing different classes of entities from content related to healthcare, biology, food science, and journalism fields. There are different approaches to extract keywords and keyphrases. Deep learning approaches have achieved high-performance results in terms of keywords and keyphrase extraction. However, among deep learning approaches, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) potentials have not been fully explored as a technique for extracting keywords and keyphrases. In this work, we performed a comparative study using a benchmark dataset, the IEEE Xplore collection to test the CNN generalization ability in selecting keywords and keyphrases. In addition, we further collected a corpus in the field of foodborne illness outbreaks. We utilize this corpus to develop a CNN-based identification approach of keywords and keyphrases related to foodborne illnesses. Results were compared with several supervised (KEA, GuidedLDA) and unsupervised (LDA) machine learning algorithms. CNN outperformed these algorithms in selecting relevant keywords and keyphrases for foodborne illnesses. The findings of this study have also confirmed superiority of CNN-based algorithm for keyphrase extraction to other machine learning approaches.


The planning cases are widely used for short and long-term planning. Model validation is essential to ensure planning cases accurately predict the system performance. NERC Standard MOD-033–1 requires Planning Coordinators to validate the planning case. Performing the model validation requires a lot of manual work that is time consuming and error prone. The goal of this paper is to present a novel approach to automate the model validation process using planning and State Estimator (SE) cases. The approach presented is tested on the Western Interconnection 22,000 bus system as well as the Planning Coordinator (PC) Idaho Power system. The approach and tools presented in this paper improves speed, accuracy and repeatability.


Complex, multi‐organizational, multidisciplinary—these terms describe the essence of modern peacekeeping. Since the end of the Cold War the changes in United Nations (U.N.) peacekeeping have been dramatic and multifaceted. Classical peacekeeping as seen in Cyprus or the Golan Heights has changed to a wider concept. According to Ingrid Lehmann, director of the U.N. Information Centre in Athens, the application of the Chapter VII enforcement measures in Somalia, Yugoslavia and Haiti and the U.N. mission operating in Namibia during 1989–1990, which supervised the country's transition to independence, clearly demonstrate these changes.