This paper explores the extent and character of cross-sectoral and cross-national policy learning within the area of government information technology policy. We look particularly at two issues as windows into the wider current development of the sector: the evolution of IT contracting forms and structures, and the development of e-government policies. We explore these issues in three (former) Westminster systems with divergent new public management (NPM) pathways, Britain, Australia and New Zealand. In a complex and hard to penetrate sector like government IT there are no 'perfect' cases, no typical representatives of a wider population. The point of our comparative work is primarily to introduce a requisite degree of diagnostic diversity to help explore the variety of causation patterns operating to differentiate national government characteristics from one another. The primary research methodology used has been detailed Web research and systematic documentation analysis across the three governments, extensive interviewing with over 110 officials and IT industry personnel across our countries (mainly focusing on central governments), and some in depth unobtrusive measures censuses and survey work within the UK carried out during 1999 and 2001. i The paper has four parts. The first briefly situates the government IT sector within the range of policy learning and policy transfer experiences, brings out its salience for the contemporary evolution of state-civil society relations, and considers some key interpretative expectations that might find applicability in this area. Part 2 sketches salient features of the basic institutional structures and NPM experiences of our three countries in order to focus down on the development of their government IT contracting regimes over the last decade. We show how initially institutionally linked or NPM emulating countries have in fact diverged to very different current contracting models. Part 3 considers the progress of e-government initiatives across the case countries and their relative degrees of success so far in overcoming 'channel rivalry' barriers from established departments and agencies; achieving joined-up governance; and maintaining or developing government's nodality in the Internet era. The final part draws together the findings and considers alternative interpretations. In the modern era the capabilities of governments are defined and constrained increasingly by the distinctive characteristics of their IT systems. All the NATO 2 'tools of government' delineated by Hood (1983) depend essentially on the development and possession of particular kinds of systems: especially 'treasure' (T) systems for requisitioning taxes and paying out transfers; and 'authority' (A) systems …


Nowadays data mining is a hot issue in the field of database research,and mining frequent itemsets is a key stage in many data mining problems,such as association rules mining,sequential patterns mining,correlation analysis mining,clustering patterns mining,regression patterns mining,and so on.In this paper the author introduces the corresponding concepts of frequent itemsets mining problem,and then analyzes and compares and evaluates current common approaches according to the generation mechanism of frequent itemsets.


Inland water bodies show diverse water quality and complexity, which can measured by remotely sensed reflectance in various spectral bands. These reflectance properties can be used to classify water into different optical water types (OWT). The OWT's exhibit distinct spectral characteristics based on absorption and scattering properties of optically active constituents and their concentrations. This study aims to categorize the optical complexity of Indian water bodies in different OWT. More than 12900 water reflectance spectra were extracted over different times of the year from Indian water bodies using Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument. The reflectance spectra were normalized and clustered into thirteen distinct OWT using the cosine distance k-means algorithm. The thirteen OWT represents two types of oligotrophic clear blue waters, three green color chlorophyll dominated mesotrophic water, five sedimentrich brown eutrophic water, and three vegetation rich hypereutrophic waters. The temporal dynamics of OWT over India reveal distinct eutrophication changes in water types in different seasons. These changes are congruent with the other limnological, topographical and climatological conditions. Clear oligotrophic waters have maximum extent in month of November. Almost 30 percent of water bodies are always eutrophic. More than 60% of Indian waters are in hyper-eutrophic state during pre-monsoon season. This scheme of water body classification is reliable in understanding the long term changes in eutrophication associated ecotone changes.


The present invention is a macrocyclic compound, provides an intermediate for obtaining the synthesis and it. Such compounds and compositions thereof are useful for treating or preventing proliferative diseases. Formula (F-4) .BACKGROUND


Candida spp have often been reported in cervical cytology, other fungal organisms are very rare in modern literature. We report nine cases of conventional cervical smears showing Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium spp in healthy imunocompetent females. Penicillium spp seen in four out of nine smears, Cladosporium spp alone in three out of nine smears, and Cladosporium spp along with Aspergillus spp in two out of nine smears. A detail of these nine cases is presented with discussion on importance of these structures when observed in conventional cervical smears. Awareness of such contaminants is important to differentiate from true infection for relevant therapeutic implications. A systematic step‐wise approach to such structures is also suggested. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:234–237. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


On the basis of ADINA Procedure,dynamic response of stress intensity factor of three_point bending specimen was analyzed by using dynamic finite element procedure under impact loading.The results show that the procedure is effective.


This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the job satisfaction of nurses involved in medical insurance reviews. The study involved a self-administered questionnaire survey which was conducted with to 297 nurses who were in charge of medical insurance reviews between April 10 and April 28, 2000. The average job satisfaction of the subjects was 3.04. The sub-items of job satisfaction were noted to be high for `professional status`(3.79) and low for wage (2.46). The job satisfaction of subjects showed statistically significant differences with regard to education, career, and volume of service(p


In this work we determine for the Cattaneo heat propagation system all the supplementary balance laws (shortly SBL) of the same order (zero) as the system itself and extract the constitutive relations (expression for the internal energy) dictated by the Entropy Principle. The space of all supplementary balance laws (having the functional dimension 8) con- tains four original balance laws and their deformations depending on 4 functions of temperature ( 0 (#);K A (#);A = 1; 2; 3). The requirements of the II law of thermodynamics leads to the exclusion of three functional de- grees (K A = 0;A = 1; 2; 3) and to further restriction to the form of internal energy. In its nal formulation, entropy balance represents the deformation of the energy balance law by the functional parameter 0 (#).


We consider a planar Riemann surface R made of a non‐compact simply connected plane domain from which an infinite discrete set of points is removed. We give several conditions for the collars of the cusps in R caused by these points to be uniformly distributed in R in terms of Euclidean geometry. Then we associate a graph G with R by taking the Voronoi diagram for the uniformly distributed cusps and show that G represents certain geometric and analytic properties of R.


The population of Ulaanbaatar city has signifi cantly increased: in 2000, the population was 726.0 thousands, in 2005, 896.8 thousands, and in 2010 its going to reach 1099,7 thousands of people. In addition, in recent years (1991-2010) morbidity and mortality is increasing year by year. Th erefore, there is a need for research to meet the ever growing demand for healthcare services. We have conducted our study by descriptive design basing on demographic and morbidity datas, with goal to compare if today's health care facilities location and supply meets population demands and needs and to assess medical need and accessibilty of population by 2020. Number of residents of UB will reach 1522,4 thousand, which is 42,2% more than in 2005 and 15,9% more than in 2010. Datas show that in 2020 there will be 350137 registrations of outpatient incidences, which is 10,2% more than in 2010. But inpatient incidences will increase by 246448 cases or 11,6% in comparing to 2010. Every resident of UB lives in diff erent distance from family healthcare units, depending on where they live. Residents of Khan-Uul, SonginoKhairkhan and Bayanzurkh districts live 1300-1600 metres away from their family healthcare units. And distances from family healthcare units till district hospitals vary between 2,3-10 kms, farthest family healthcare unit is situated 29,5 kms away from next level healthcare facility.


ABSTRACT Despite its current high regard in parts of the English educational community, education in France has been as much the subject of public and political concern in recent years as it has in many other countries. One manifestation of this concern was the Loi Jospin of 1989, the aim of which was to continue to encourage the growth of diversity among schools as a response to local needs. Associated with this goal was that of making teachers more willing and able to respond to the increasingly diverse needs of their pupils. By so doing, it was hoped to raise the overall level of student success within the system. This paper looks at one aspect of teachers' practice and the impact of current reforms on it–that of assessment. Having briefly described the provisions of the Jospin Law, it discusses how these are affecting teachers' attitudes and practice, using data from the ESRC‐funded 'Systems, Teachers and Educational Policy' (STEP) project (ESRC Award No.: R 000 23 4673). Some tentative conclusions ab...


The paper identifies the key issues concerning design and calculation of energy efficient windows of high-rise buildings that should be considered at the initial stages of a building design. The analysis of the functional and technical requirements which must be met by window structures in high-rise buildings was performed. The features of wind loads on the high-rise building windows were considered. The specificity of providing air- and water permeability of high-rise building windows under the action of high wind loads was considered. The conducted scientific research review on specific design and calculation issues of high-rise building windows was made. It is established that they are mainly aimed at finding optimal design solutions of the high-rise building windows in terms of energy efficiency. A similar situation is observed in the design of windows, when the issues of ensuring the strength and reliability of these structures are given less attention. It is established that at present, the strength calculation methods of fasteners and protective fences of windows are not developed; the excess stock is laid in the method of profile elements strength calculation, which is confirmed by the results of laboratory tests. The prospective scheme for calculating and appointing design solutions of high-rise buildings windows was presented, which provides an opportunity to ensure reliability, durability, and operational safety of high-rise building windows during all their life cycle. The paper specifies areas for further research of the matter under consideration.


Introduction The most important way to reduce maternal mortality and preserve fertility related to EP is the diagnosis and early treatment. Transvaginal pelvic US is the first diagnostic tool in hemodinamically stable patients with suspected EP. Recently studies have shown that in 73, 9% of the cases it is possible to make a diagnosis by transvaginal US and in 94% of the cases EP is diagnosed even before the surgery. The ß-hcg values are another important mark to help the ultrasonographic evaluation. In particular EP is characterized by lower levels of ß-hcg, that increase less than the IUP; in presence of a ß-hcg around 500-1000 mUI/ml, the gestational sac is visible in the uterus, in the 80% of cases. Every time there is a clinical suspicion of ectopic pregnancy or when the ß-hcg levels lay down for a pathological pregnancy, the ultrasound evaluation is recommended. In these cases ultrasounds may be essential to determine the location of intraor extra-uterine gestation. A series of ultrasound criteria, those relate to endometrium, tubal pattern, ovaries, aspect of uterine cornua and cervix and the pouch of Douglas, are the most relevant factors to establish a diagnosis. Furthermore in case of PUL, a term used to classify a pregnancy before the final clinical outcome is known, the US exam is fundamental to an exclusion diagnosis. Citation: Giulia Gagliardi., et al. "Ultrasound Imaging: Usual and Atypical Findings of The Extrauterine Pregnancy". EC gynaecology 1.1S1 (2016): 36-47. Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs when the blastocyst implants outside the uterine cavity. In developed countries, the incidence of this disease ranges from 11 to 20% for every 1000 live births [1, 2,3] and it remains the leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy, with a mortality rate equal to 9-14% [4,5]. It is evident that the diagnosis and early treatment of ectopic pregnancy are essential to reduce maternal mortality and preserve fertility. Most of the ectopic pregnancies is localized at the level of the Fallopian tubes. Almost all ectopic pregnancies are not progressive and often are absorbed before the manifestation of any kind of symptoms. The trophoblast is able to erode the tubal wall causing intra-tubal (hematosalpinx) and extra-tubal (hemoperitoneum) bleeding. Sometimes it's possible to see an embryo with cardiac activity in the ectopic gestational sac. EP is often suspected when vaginal bleeding occurs along with abdominal or pelvic pain associated with sore and tender adnexal mass in patients at 5-9 weeks' gestation [6,7]. The greatest risk for the patient is the rupture of the Fallopian tube. The risk is not always easily related to the severity of pain, in fact the pain may even decrease or disappear following tubal rupture [7]. Any clinical suspicion as hypovolemic shock and shoulder pain, as indirect sign of diaphragmatic injury, should raise the suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy complicated by rupture of the tube and the management must include surgery in emergency conditions. Fortunately, these situations are not very common and the trans-vaginal pelvic ultrasound looks to be the first diagnostic tool in hemodynamically stable patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy [8]. In recent years studies show that in about 73.9% of the cases it is possible to make a diagnosis by trans-vaginal ultrasound [9] and that 94% are diagnosed even before the surgery [10]. Abbreviations: EP: Ectopic pregnancy; PUL: Pregnancy of unknown location; IUP: intrauterine pregnancy


Background To enable adequate interpretation of growth measurements in the management of children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), we assessed growth and its associated determinants in children with PAH.


Purpose: The objective of this paper is to examine the CSR activities in various economies and evaluate CSR-related publications at different times and propose a revised three-dimensional model of CSR integrating the four responsibilities of businesses, stakeholder theory, with voluntary and coordinated CSR approaches. Design/methodology/approach: To identify various responsibilities of businesses this conceptual paper is based on an extensive review of literature that traces the historical evolution of CSR. Moreover, it analyses explicit and implicit CSR in different economic–legal environments. This paper analyses several CSR theories and other models that could be integrated to develop a new three-dimensional model of CSR. The search engine was used to retrieve references. Articles and publications referred were selected based on their contribution and the number of citations from the decade 2012 – 2022. Findings: It was confirmed that the businesses perform activities – four expectations that society places on businesses to satisfy their stakeholders including employees, investors, customers, suppliers, the community, and the environment. This research proposes that businesses can perform their responsibilities either voluntarily or in coordination with the government schemes, and provisions. Firms may choose an approach suitable to their political, financial, educational, cultural, and labor systems. Based on the literature review a reconstructed three-dimensional CSR model was proposed in which four responsibilities of business were put in one dimension, stakeholders in another dimension, and a voluntary or coordinated CSR approach in the third dimeson. Research limitations/implications: The proposed three-dimensional CSR model can help managers to plan for their CSR initiatives that could satisfy their stakeholders. This model can be used for identifying the strong or weak areas in a firm's CSR performance. Future researchers can examine this model with empirical data. Social Implications: The present research can benefit society by fine-tuning the CSR initiatives with stakeholders' expectations. This research can be used to identify the unserved segments of society on which the CSR programs can be targeted. Originality / Value: This paper proposes a unique comprehensive model that covers three important dimensions of CSR. None of the existing models of CSR cover such dimensions and approaches.


The vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb. has a very broad host range, including more than 200 different plant species in 45 families. Most isolates cannot be discriminated morphologically, and reliable, rapid methods for classifying and differentiating strains are needed. We have used a genomic subtraction method to isolate DNA probes that can be used to differentiate V. dahliae isolates and to investigate the genetic variation within this fungal species. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This regular paper is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol45/iss1/16


The sulfuric acid leaching of ferromanganese dust was studied. The effect of acid concentration, reaction temperature, stirring rate, particle size and solid to liquid ratio on Mn and Fe extraction in the solution were investigated. It was found that the leaching rate of Mn and Fe increased with increasing reaction temperature and sulfuric acid concentration. Examination of data by shrinking core model suggested that the leaching rate is controlled by chemical reaction at the surface of particle. The activation energy for the leaching reaction of Mn and Fe were calculated to be 79.55 kJ/mol and 77.48 kJ/mol, respectively.


Public education is an important component of providing for the safety of individuals and communities. Although it is often not given the resources seen by response units, a good public education program can and does save lives. A good program empowers people to help themselves and their neighbors in times of need until help from professional responders can arrive. This chapter will examine the important role that gaming and simulation currently plays in teaching the public and will lay out ideas on how it can be used for better and more efficient training programs in the future.


Objective To study the growth differences of Isatis indigotica sown in spring and autmn,reproductive identity and seedy condition of I.indigotica sown in various times,so as to provide the theoretical foundation for scientific standardization of cultivating process.Methods I.indigotica was sampled at a fixed period.At each stage,the growth of seedling and root system was recorded,blooming and seedy condition was recorded in efflorescence.Results The results showed that I.indigotica turned into genesial cycle after thermostage and the change of plant height and crown of I.indigotica were evidence.There was obvious differences between I.indigotica sown in different times.I.indigotica sown in spring grew better than that sown in autumn before efflorescence,but it grew worse than I.indigotica sown in autumn after seeding.Conclusion The weight of thousand seeds,average yield of single plant,and acre yield are different between the two ways for reserving seeds,but the difference of germination rate of seed is indistinctive,it will not influence the yield next year.The seed quality of I.indigotica sown in spring is better than that sown in autumn,but it must pay regard to the plant falling problem.The two ways are both feasible in the south of China while sown in spring is more suitable in the north of China.


Wind tunnel measurements using particle image velocimetry have been performed around two perforated discs, with varying streamwise distance, in order to simulate the wake interaction between wind turbines. The static pressure footprint (p-f) on ground level associated with the wake behind the disc and wake velocity data for both the streamwise and wall-normal velocity components with the corresponding turbulence intensities are reported. The p-f method shows that the size of the wake regions, behind the wind turbine models, initially drop when a second disc is placed just downstream of the first one. From a mutual distance (Δ χ) of about five disc diameters (5D), both wake footprints increase as the mutual distance is increased, and for very large mutual distances, approximately Δ χ/ D > 15, the footprint of the downstream disc has recovered and is about the same as for a single disc. At last we conclude that despite very different inlet conditions to the discs, with about 50% of reduced velocity on the centre line upstream of the second disc and an increase of the maximum streamwise fluctuations by 90%, the mean velocities in the wake are proven to scale with the hub height velocity.


ABSTRACT The facility layout problem is to determine a layout design of facilities so as to minimize a total material handling cost (TMHC). In this paper, unequal area rectangular facilities with fixed dimensions are considered. Each of them has an input and output (I/O) points which can be located within or on the boundaries of facility. On the continual plane, facilities must be placed without overlaps. A two-heuristic algorithm is proposed to deal with this kind of problem. The first step is based on a construction method which places facilities sequentially. A median method is modified to set the position of facility. The second step improves a result of the first step. A facility group which can be moved horizontally or vertically without incurring an overlap is constituted and a group movement is done when it reduces a TMHC. Computational experiments show the proposed algorithm produces comparable quality of layouts to previous research within much shorter time.


: Limb body wall complex (LBWC) /Body stalk syndrome anomaly refers to a rare complicated polymalformative fetal malformation syndrome of uncertain etiology firstly described by Van Allen et al in 1987. There are very few cases reported in literature and thus we report a rare case of LBWC. Twenty seven years female presented to labour room with 32 weeks of gestation with no prenatal care and delivered a low birth weight still born fetus weighing 1100gms. On fetal autopsy large abdominal wall defect was noted with difficulty in identifying abdomino-pelvic organs and ambiguous genitalia. Placenta weighed 250gms with attached short umbilical cord measuring 7cms, arising from periphery. A cyst noted attached to placental membrane measuring 9x5cms which on dissection retrieved partially maldeveloped organs. Post mortem radiological findings included Absence of right femur with short tibia and right fibula, Complex vestibral malformation, Craniosynostosis and Overcrowding of ribs.


Autoionization constants (Ks) of aqueous mixtures of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) containing 10, 30, and 50 wt.% cosolvent in each case have been determined from emf measurem...


In the plasma display device, dividing a plurality of row electrodes into first and second groups of rows, and drives divided into first and second groups of the plurality of sub-groups of the row electrodes, respectively. And in a plurality of field sub-field a plurality of first sub-fields successive from each by selecting the non-light emitting cells by the erase discharge of the sub-group of light emitting cells in the corresponding during the address period of each sub-group belonging to the first row group wherein the discharge is maintained to the sub-group at least one of the light emitting cells in the sub-group of groups belonging to the second row. In addition, in each subgroup address period subgroup emission by selecting the non-light emitting cells by the erase discharge of the cell, wherein the at least one portion of the plurality of sub-groups belonging to the first line group, the group of the corresponding for about belonging to the second group of rows It keeps discharging the light emitting cells. In this case, it includes at least one row electrode of the plurality of row electrodes alternately to the plurality of sub-groups of the first and second sub-group for each field. In this way, it is possible to reduce the brightness step that may occur in the boundary between adjacent sub-groups. PDP, electrodes, discharge, clear, light-emitting, non-light-emitting, the false contour, luminance


^ Ju|y 1893, Annates des Maladies des Organes Ge?to'UV-v in which the coinrefers to a series of cases of tubereula.Joan j ^ Am..? monly recognised symptoms ot the there is repeated renal others, he describes a painful form in w 11 0ther physical colic without the passage of grave , an organ, no tendersigns,?i.e., there is no increase in the siz ^ nature in which ness, and no bladder symptoms. In a ca j while the kidney he operated he found the ureter and pe vi ./ hemorrhagic itself was studded with tubercle. He also desOTM


A purely electrostatic mass spectrometer of simple construction is proposed. This novel instrument is based on collisions of an ion beam with atoms or molecules of a gas, that makes it possible to determine masses by an ordinary electrostatic energy analyzer. The advantages of the electrostatic mass spectrometer over other types of mass spectrometers are as follows : i) it is simple ; ii) it does not require heavy and expensive magnets ; iii) it does not require high-frequency fields ; iv) registration is continuous.


Twenty-nine year old man with a history of complete repair of Tetralogy
of Fallot (TOF) at the age of 5 was seen at outpatient clinic suffering
from exertional dyspnea. His blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg, pulse
82 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute. His
oxygen saturation was 90 % under room air. Auscultation exposed a 3/6
systolic ejection murmur at the left sternal border. Electrocardiogram
(ECG) showed sinus rhythm with right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)
and right bundle branch block (RBBB). The transthorasic echocardiography
(TTE) was applied. RVH and stenosis of the right ventricular
outflow tract (RVOT) with a pressure gradient of 45 mmHg were obtained.
Mass shaped lesion was seen in right ventricular apex during
TTE examination. Right ventricular papillary muscle hypertrophy was
the final diagnosis after transeosephageal echocardiography (TEE) and
repeated TTE (Figure 1 and 2). Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common
cyanotic congenital heart disease, consisting 10% of all congenital
heart malformations. TOF includes four major component which are
ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, RVOT obstruction
and RVH. Echocardiography is an indispensable method for organizing
treatment and diagnosis of the disease.


The hydrogeochemical composition of surface and groundwater in the area adjacent to the pond-storage "Svidovok" (West Donbas) was analyzed. The chemical types of surface and groundwater by the formula Kurlova were determined. The equilibriums with aluminosilicates and silicates were considered.


This chapter reviews key trends in current policies and practices in foreign language education in school settings.The history of foreign language education is briefly traced; current models and constructs offered by curriculum theorists are analysed; the impact of English on goals and practices of foreign language education worldwide is evaluated; and the evolution of policy for foreign language education in Anglophone countries is discussed, noting tensions between concerns for personal intercultural development, and perceived economic and security needs.


We are interested in methods and strategies that allow us to simplify the code of bio-inspired algorithms without altering their performance. In this paper, we study an artificial immune algorithm specially designed to solve Relaxed Traveling Tournament Problems which has been able to obtain new bounds for some instances of this problem. We use the EvoCa tuner to analyze the components of the algorithm in order to discard some parts of the code. The results show that the filtered algorithm is able to solve the instances as well as does the original algorithm, and with this code we have obtained new bounds for some instances of the problem.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for over 8% of all deaths each year, with 1.2 million new cases diagnosed annually worldwide. It represents the seventh most common cancer in Egypt. Early detection of peritoneal metastasis is a major challenge in such cases. It helps with the decision of the immediate application of intraperitoneal chemotherapy after resection. Meta‐analysis studies reported contrast evidence for a possible prognostic role of intraperitoneal free cancer cells (IPCCs) in peritoneal recurrence and survival after curative resection. In this work, we aim to evaluate the prevalence and impact of detecting free malignant cells in peritoneal fluid on survival and local recurrence and to estimate the incidence of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) during follow up.


Pipe comprising a polyolefin composition comprising (a) a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene or a homopolymer or copolymer of propylene (A), (b) a stabilizing vitamin E-type (B) according to formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently H, or aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbyl radical unsubstituted or substituted which may comprise heteroatoms, and (c) a phenolic stabilizer (C) according to formula (II): wherein R6 , R7 and R8 are independently aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbyl radicals unsubstituted or substituted which may comprise OH-groups wherein apart from OH-groups no further heteroatoms present in R6, R7 and R8; and X1, X2, and X3 are independently H or OH, with the proviso that at least one of X1, X2 and X3 is OH, and, (d) optionally a stabilizer to UV light (D).


The proteolytic ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) is a main control mechanism of tau degradation in eukaryotic cells. Although the UPS is an integral regulator for tau turnover in healthy neurons, preliminary data suggests that the pathological tau in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is polyubiquitinated. This is an intriguing conundrum where the polyubiquitinylation of tau does not result in the degradation of the protein by the UPS. This suggests that the capacity of the UPS is limited or that the UPS is unable to degrade this form of tau. In this study, we aim to validate this potential correlation between the polyubiquitination of tau and AD, which could perhaps provide more clarity on the specific mechanisms of toxicity for AD.


Geomicrobiological analysis of calcifying biofilms of three alkaline salt lakes characterized by moderate to high carbonate alkalinity indicates that microbial carbonate rock formation is not directly linked to cyanobacterial carbon fixation. The present review summarizes results from two published case studies that have been carried out at Pyramid Lake, USA, and Lake Nuoertu, PR China. New observations and data are presented for a current project on Satonda Crater Lake, Indonesia, that revise previous conclusions concerning the relationship between cyanobacteria and biofilm calcification. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the investigated lakes are mostly produced by cyanobacteria; their properties are discussed as key factors in biofilm calcification. In particular, EPS are capable of binding divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+) from the liquid phase by their carboxylate and sulphate groups. Therefore, despite a high supersaturation of the lake water with respect to calcium carbonate minerals, precipi...


As the large-scale immigration process in modern Chinese history,the movements of moving westward created a huge impact on agriculture which was based on a single animal husbandry,promoted the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry,and strengthened complementary of animal husbandry and farming between mainland China and foreign countries.The difference before and after the movement of moving westward was discussed from several aspects of reclaim process,land system and population growth.At last,the far-reaching impact on the economic and cultural development of Hetao caused by the movement of moving westward was pointed out.


The empirical method previously used to obtain diamagnetic anisotropy effects of ring systems in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, based upon C13–H coupling constants, has now been applied to the C–C and C—halogen bonds. The result for the C–C bond, 10.0±1.0×10—6 cm3 mole—1, is somewhat larger, though of the same sign and order of magnitude, as previously reported values. The results obtained are for C—halogen bonds, and are also compared with previous estimates.


Specific heat and dielectric constant of KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) crystal with the inclusion of the organic dyes molecules Chicago Sky Blue (CSB) and Amaranth (A) were studied in the temperature interval including the phase transition temperature ( T c = 122 K). It is shown that the inclusions affect the thermal properties of KDP crystal in the narrow vicinity of the transition point and dielectric properties in the whole polar phase - both at stained pyramidal sectors of the crystal. The complex impedance analysis (10 m 2 - 10 6 Hz) shows the noticable dispersion in paraelectric phase resulting from of the electrical conductivity the crystal increasing in stained sectors.


Waste beer in beer production is used to produce vinegar beverage and the produced vinegar beverage contains rich sugar,amino acids,organic acids,vitamins and alcohols etc.After the boiling of waste beer and the addition of clarificant,the solution should be placed under static status for clarification to improve the non-biological stability in the fermentaion process and then acetic fermentation operated.The optimum tech-nical conditions of beer vinegar clarification were determined as follows by orthogonal experiments: 50 min boiling of waste beer at 0.05 MPa,addition of 0.01 % bentonite in fermenting mash for 5 h clarification,then filtration operated by diatomite filter,and finally clear and transparent product vinegar beverage obtained.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


Aiming at obtaining high-quality laser direct marking Data Matrix( DM) barcodes on aluminum alloy surface,several single-factor experiments were carried out on 6 061 aluminum alloy sheets used a YAG-T80C laser. The action principle of processing parameters( current intensity,laser scanning speed) with the surface roughness of DM barcodes was analyzed. Based on the experimental results,the effects of current intensity and laser scanning speed on the barcodes' surface roughness were studied,the relationship between the surface roughness and the color and final grades of the DM barcodes was discovered. The results indicate that the laser processing parameters have significant effects on the processing quality of the data matrix symbols. Larger current intensity or slower laser scanning speed can produce a higher value of surface roughness. With the increase of DM barcodes' surface roughness,the color of barcodes appears from white to dark. In addition,there is a certain relationship between surface roughness and the final grades of the data matrix barcodes. Those barcodes with higher surface roughness get higher quality grades and be identified more easily.


We investigate Gamma-cohomology of some commutative cooperation algebras E_*E associated with certain periodic cohomology theories. For KU and E(1), the Adams summand at a prime p, and for KO we show that Gamma-cohomology vanishes above degree 1. As these cohomology groups are the obstruction groups in the obstruction theory developed by Alan Robinson we deduce that these spectra admit unique E infinity structures. As a consequence we obtain an E infinity structure for the connective Adams summand. For the Johnson-Wilson spectrum E(n) with n > 0 we establish the existence of a unique E infinity structure for its I_n-adic completion.


The purpose of this study was to investigate 45minutes down-hill walking depending on hiking poles and steady walking time. Seven healthy men volunteered for this experiment. Each of them performed down-hill walking with hiking poles-using and without poles at speed of 3.5km/h for 45 minutes on a treadmill. The treadmill was set 25% down-hill inclination. Kinematic data collected in 60Hz were recorded and analyzed by using 2D motion capture system to measure step time and step length so on. Rating of perceived exertion(RPE) was recorded and analyzed by 15minutes interval. And the lower extremity 4 muscles activity including rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris was simultaneously recorded in 1500Hz and assessed by using EMG. The statistical analysis was two-way ANOVA with repeated measures to compare effects of hiking poles and steady walking time. The level of statistical significance for all tests was .05. The results of this study were following: Step time was showed statistically different according to pole conditions. That is, the case of poles-using was longer than without poles in step time(P<.05). Also, step length was showed statistically different between two conditions. Step length about trials with poles was longer than trials without poles(P<.05). In the RPE, steady walking time was stronger factor than pole condition. That is, RPE was increased significantly as times up 45minutes(P<.05). In the muscle activity, integrated EMG(IEMG) about four muscles was decreased some with poles than without poles. And IEMG about four muscles was increased significantly as times up(P<.01). These results can be interpreted that using of hiking poles can be increased step time and step length. In addition to, RPE can be increased as steady walking times up. Finally, four muscles activity that is required on down-hill walking is increased relatively by walking times up.


Continuing the idea of Part I, we deal with more involved pseu- dogroup of transformations x = '(x), y = L(x)y, z = M(x)z; : : : applied to the rst order dieren tial equations including the underdetermined case (i.e. the Monge equation y 0 = f(x; y; z; z 0 )) and certain dieren tial equations with deviation (if z = y( (x)) is substituted). Our aim is to determine com- plete families of invariants resolving the equivalence problem and to clarify the largest possible symmetries. Together with Part I, this article may be regarded as an introduction into the method of moving frames adapted to the theory of dieren tial and functional-diere n tial equations.


1. A device for relaying packets between a first host node and the second host node soderzhascheepamyat adapted to register for the first host: address of the first host, the first address of the repeated host, the address of the second host identifier upper level iiskhodyaschego and / or inbound top level identifier, and one or both of: inspecting means outgoing packets destined for inspecting packets received from the first host and addressed to the device at the address to determine contains atm whether or not they are registered outgoing top level identifier, and, when containing, for forwarding said packet at the second host, and means for inspecting incoming packets destined for inspecting packets received from the second host and addressed on retransmit address to to determine whether they contain or not registered the incoming top-level identifier, and, if they contain, to forward the packet to the address of the first host uzla.2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outgoing packet inspection means is configured to replace the address of the first host in the source address of packets to be forwarded to the second host, for adres.3 retransmitted. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the means for inspecting incoming packets retransmitted configured to replace the address in the packet destination address to be forwarded to the first host, the first address in the host and replace address of the second host node in a source address field of packages to address ustroystva.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein


Twenty-two patients with primary and secondary LE and one with lipedema had LS using 0.4-0.6 mCi of Tc-99mSb2Sb3 subcutaneous at the second interdigital space. Three had excisional surgery, in four patients lympho-venous anastomosis (LVA) was attempted following LS. Results are presented in this paper. This study concludes that LS is a noninvasive method without side effects that visualizes the pattern of the lymphatic system in LE. If lymph channels were seen, LVA could be performed. LS seems adequate for patient selection and follow-up after LVA. It differentiated LE from lipedema. Image patterns or quantitative studies could not differentiate between primary and secondary LE.


We observed UV luminescence from 4f 5d and 4f 3 configuration in Nd doped YLF and LLF crystals induced by multiphotonic excitation of the three photons (532nm).The LLF lattice is more compact than the YLF crystal and favours an absorption and emission shift of the main peaks due to crystal field strength . The red (and blue ) shfitings of the emission bands towards to lower (and higher) energy are different for the transitions from 4f 3 and 4f 5d levels. The 4f 3 transitions have smaller shift (~5 times smaller than the shift of the 4f 5d) due to 5s5p closed-shell shielding effect. On the other hand the 4f5d transitions are more susceptible to lattice change. The effect of the crystalline field was compared for both lattice. The resut shows that these emission bands from 4f 5d configuration always shift to lower energy when substituting the Y 3+ by Lu 3+ (i.e, the last one has the ionic radius 5% smaller than Y). Introduction Rare earth (3+)-doped crystals are very useful laser media for generating laser radiation in the visible and infrared region, based on transitions within the 4f n-1 configuration. On the other hand, transitions based on 4f n-1 5d are not much exploited. In spite of this, laser action in blue, UV and VUV have been demonstrated in Ce, Er, Tm and Nd in YLF and LLF and other fluoride crystals [1,2,3,4,5] and for a new fluoride system NaF-(Er, Y)F3.[6]. Solid-state materials doped with Nd 3+ are very promising for using as laser medium emitting in the UV region [7]. The excitation can be performed directly to the level of interest or sequentially pumped. The most interesting pumping mechanism is the three steps excitations at 532nm which has the advantage to match the second harmonic of Nd:YAG laser which is one of the most disseminated laser for optical pumping systems [7,8]. The 4f n → 4f 5d transitions are characterized by a strong environmental interaction and they are responsible for the high oscillator strength and broadband absorption and emission spectra in the UV range. Otherwise, the intraconfigurational 4f n → 4f n transitions are parity forbidden and they are sharp and weak because they take place mostly by the forced electric dipole radiation induced by odd terms of the local crystal field [9,10]. The spectrum characterization of the 4f 3 → 4f 5d and 4f 3 → 4f 3 transitions provides information about the local level structure and electron-phonon coupling differences between 4f 3 and the 4f 5d configurations because the crystal field perturbation is stronger for electrons in the 5d level than for those in the 4f level [11]. This results in broad transition bands with a large Stokes shift and a higher probability for phonon-assisted transitions. Experimental Setup Single crystals doped with neodymium were grown by the Czochralski technique under a purified argon atmosphere [12]. The starting growth material was doped with 3 mol % of Nd. The Nd concentration of 1.3 mol % was determined in the used samples by x-ray fluorescence technique. The YLF and LLF samples were cut and polished properly with the c-axis parallel to the longest side of the rectangular samples. The absorption spectra were performed using a CARY-OLIS 17D double-beam spectrophotometer interfaced to a computer. Using a time resolved spectroscopy system of 20ns of resolution provided the emission spectra and the decay time determination. The laser pumping system consists of a frequency doubled Nd YAG pulsed laser whose beam intensity is reduced and focused in the samples. The emission of the samples is focused into the monochromator that disperses and directs the light to the EMI S-20 photomultiplier tube. The detection system is connected to the 200 MHz Tektronix oscilloscope and a boxcar gated integrator coupled to a microcomputer. ANNALS OF OPTICS XXV ENFMC 2002 97 In order to control the laser excitation energy at 532 nm, we use an injection telescope which firstly expands the laser beam by factor of four and then cut off most of the beam using an iris with a 2 mm aperture and focused to the sample by a convergent lens with focus of 300 mm. With this set arrangement it is possible to have a reduction in the pulse energy by a factor of 100. The reduction of the laser energy to hundred of microjoules was necessary to avoid the self focusing in the milijoules range, destroying the samples. The thermal lens effect produce a strong signal decreasing and a bad signal-noise ratio, which can disguise the UV emission signal. A non-divergent beam and energies ranging from 20 to 200 μJ can be used to improve UV fluorescence performance. All the absorptions and measurements were performed with the samples at 300 K. Results and Discussions The frequency doubled Nd:YAG Q-switched laser operating at 532nm with a repetition rate of 10Hz was used in all the investigations of UV fluorescences. The spectrum of fast emission is due to 4f 5d → 4f 3 parity allowed dipole transitions. Figure 2(a) shows the emission spectrum of the fast transition showing three main emission bands downwards to I9/2 at 185nm, H(2)9/2 at 230nm and H(2)11/2 and G(1)7/2 at 265nm. The 4f 5d emissions were spectrally separated from the 4f 3 ones using a time resolved spectroscopy were the luminescence signal was integrated in the boxcar integrator within a narrow gate (2ns) positioned with a time delay of 40ns for the fast emissions or 5μs for the slow ones. The 4f 3 configurations contributes for the UV emission due a twophoton excitation process. Figure 2(b) shows the UV emission spectrum of the slow transitions starting from F(2) 5/2 state pumped by two photons absorption at 532nm. The main emission bands exhibited in figure 2(b) were produced by the following downward transitions to I9/2 at 262.3nm (38127 cm ), I11/2 at 276.2nm (36206 cm), I13/2 at 291.3nm (34325 cm ) and I15/2 at 310nm (32258 cm ) in YLF [7]. The 4f 5d → 4f 3 UV emission bands exhibited in figure 2(a) showed that the band structure is similar for both YLF and LLF crystals. However, a strong shift of main emission peaks towards the lowest energy side was observed in LLF in comparison with the peak positions observed in YLF crystal. The fast UV emission bands have shown a peak shift of 421, 395 and 391 cm respectively for the 185, 230 and 265nm-emission band. The mean energy shift of 402 cm was determined for the bottom of the 4f 5d electronic configuration of Nd due to the crystal lattice change from YLF to LLF. That observed emission shift is justified by the strongest electric field sensed by Nd ions in LLF lattice and is consistent with the lattice parameter decreasing observed for this crystal where the c-axis is reduced by 1.78% in respect to YLF [13]. 55000 50000 45000 40000 35000 0 20 40 60 42000 40000 38000 36000 34000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 250 238 182


Abstract One study was to determine if sperm are damaged by post-thaw warming, if rate of thawing influences the susceptibility of sperm to post-thaw warming, and if sperm are damaged by a delay in warming at about 5C. Straws were submersed in water at 35, 55, 75, or 95C to achieve temperatures of 5 or 35C. Additional semen thawed to 5C was held in air for 30s and then warmed to 35C in the same bath used for thawing (delayed warming). Fewer sperm retained intact acrosomes after warming to 35 rather than 5C regardless of thawing rate. However, a delay in warming, per se, was not detrimental. Thus, post-thaw warming was damaging whether it was immediate or delayed, and damage was independent of rate of thawing. A second study was to establish the influence of rates of thawing and post-thaw warming on spermatozoal motility and acrosomal integrity. Straws were submersed in water at 5, 35, or 75C to achieve thawing to 5C and immediately placed in air at 35C or water at 35, 55, 75, or 95C for post-thaw warming to 35C. Although motility and acrosomal integrity differed with thawing rate, differences due to post-thaw warming rate were small and inconsistent. Thawing in warm water should be timed to prevent seminal temperature from rising above 5C, and thawed semen should be used immediately.


This paper describes how the public roads in Finland are managed by the Finnish Road Administration (FRA), and how this Administration is gradually opening maintenance work or regional maintenance contract to competition in 2001-2004. The three-year regional maintenance contracts include total responsibility and cover anywhere from 500 to 1500km. The FRA requires public road maintenance contractors to have a quality plan in which the contractor describes how it assures that the standards will be met. The FRA's role in these quality-responsible regional maintenance contracts is to monitor the functionality of the contractor's total quality management system. The Finnish Road Enterprise is a state-owned enterprise that was separated form the FRA beginning January 1, 2001 and it provides reports on the quality of winter maintenance while monitoring maintenance procedures in conjunction with road inspections and by providing deviation reports if the standards are not met.


A new type of xanthan gum-based super absorbent resin was prepared by graft copolymerization modification,which used acrylic acid and acrylamide as monomers in the way of solution polymerization in this study.The impact factors of synthesizing super absorbent resin such as the amount of initiator,polymerization temperature,the neutralization degree of acrylic acid,the weight ratio of xanthan gum and AA/AM and the amount of cross-linking agent were discussed by using orthogonal experiment.The fourier infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to the characterization of copolymer.The results show that the best synthesis temperature of graft copolymerization is 65 ℃,the weight ratio of xanthan gum and AA/AM is 1∶5∶1,the mass fraction of initiator is 1.5%,the neutralization degree of acrylic acid is 70% and the mass fraction of cross-linking agent is 0.06%.The results of FTIR characterization show that acrylic acid and acrylamide are grafted to the molecular chain of xanthan gum.The SEM observation results show that the resin forms a porous network structure.Under the optimum conditions of synthesizing xanthan-based absorbent resin,the water absorption is up to 869.0 g/g,the normal saline is up to 126.7 g/g.The resin was good for reusing.


Economic growth is the development of activities in the economy that causes goods and services produced by the community to increase. Economic growth in a country can be seen from the Gross Domestic Product. Economic growth in Indonesia fluctuates, it is important to study and analyze the factors that affect economic growth in Indonesia. The purpose of conducting this study was to determine the effect of the independent variables of this study, namely net exports, the US dollar exchange rate, and inflation on economic growth in Indonesia in 1989-2019. This research is a quantitative research with secondary data form. Data were collected through non-participant observation methods, and processed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques with time series data from 1989–2019. The results showed that net exports, the US dollar exchange rate, and inflation simultaneously had a significant and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia. The results of the t test show that the net export variable has a positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia, while the US dollar exchange rate and inflation variables have a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia.


For the development of new low-voltage, low-power imaging microsystems, we have designed a 10-bit 20 Msample/s ADC. It is a 3-stage sub-ranging architecture with rail-to-rail dynamic input range. To achieve low-voltage and low-power operation, transistor-level design for building blocks such as op-amps and flash ADCs was required. Complementary CMOS comparators with no static consumption were used to build a new low-power 4-bit flash ADC with rail-to-rail input range. A novel 1.7 volts minimal supply voltage, 120 dB op-amp structure was designed. To reach 20-MHz sampling rate, the ADC makes use of time-interleaving, switched capacitor amplifiers, which perform dynamic frequency compensation for speed optimisation and offset cancellation. This ADC has been fabricated and tested and will be integrated on one chip including colour image sensors in a BICMOS process. A 20-Msample/s rate has been obtained with a supply voltage down to 2.4 volts and 60mW power consumption (Vdd=3 volts).


To investigate the cytotoxicity effects and mechanisms on estrogen receptor positive(ER+) cancer cell lines A549 and MCF-7 of the Rhizoma Sparganii flavonoids(RSF),A549 or MCF-7 cells in DMEM mediums with 188,375,and 750 μg/mL RSF were cultured for 3 days,respectively.DMEM with 1% methanol culture cells as control.The cell proliferation activity,anti-a-tublin form,apoptosis as well as cell cycle differences between groups were studied by MTT,immunofluorescence,and flow cytometry technology.As a result,compare to the 1% methanol control groups,RSF could inhibit the proliferation activity,increase the rate of apoptotic bodies,and induce cytoskeleton disorder of the A549 and MCF-7 cells with the dose-related.In addition,S/G2 stage arrests were induced obviously in A549 and MCF-7 cells cultured with 375 and 750 μg/mL RSF.The results indicated that RSF showed a notable cytotoxicity against A549 and MCF-7 cells,and the inhibitions of cell proliferation were related with S/G2 cell cycle arrests.


New Zealand soldiers sending word by telephone that all objectives have been gained, Le Quesnoy, France. Photograph taken by Henry Armytage Sanders on the 26th of October 1918.
Original print from this negative is in album PA1-f-92, H1146
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom left - H1146
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4 x 5 inches


An in situ method, which allows the generation, analysis and measurement of the free hydrogen-ion concentration of aqueous solutions at high temperature (100 °C), has been elaborated. It is based on the use of a galvanic cell without a liquid junction containing a glass electrode and of a cell where controlled external and/or internal electrolysis processes take place. The reliability of the method has been checked by carrying out coulometric acid–base titrations of standard dilute HClO4 solutions in 3 mol dm–3 LiClO4 as ionic medium. The high accuracy so obtained has made it possible to study lead(II) hydrolysis at 100 °C. In the whole range of lead(II) concentration investigated (2 × 10–3–0.1 m) the collected data (Z→ log h) can be explained by assuming the formation of a mononuclear [Pb(OH)]+(log β11=–6.05 ± 0.01) and a tetranuclear species [Pb4(OH)4]4+(log β44=–15.94 ± 0.03). An increase in temperature from 25 to 100 °C has the effect of increasing the acidic properties of lead(II) solutions and of decreasing the number of hydrolysed species.


Recent years' electrospinning technology for fabrication of nanofibers of polymers with incorporation of nanoparticles made noticeable progress in different fields, including biomedicine due to their biocompatibility, adhesiveness, antibacterial properties, and sterile nature. In this study, the electrospinning production of antibacterial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was considered. The synthesis of the AgNPs was performed from the polymer-encapsulated AgNO3 precursor material in water with Ag atom reduction by an ultrasonication treatment. The effect of the AgNO3 concentration and the sonication time on the size and quantity of the obtained AgNPs on the PVA scaffold was studied. Absorption spectra were exploited for the control of the appearance of AgNPs in the suspension. From the peak position of the plasmon band observed in the absorption spectrum of the composite the average diameter of the as-prepared AgNPs was estimated as 55–60 nm. As it follows from scanning electron microscopy images the diameter of PVA:AgNPs nanofibers is about 250 nm. Nanofibers formed by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with incorporation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were fabricated from the PVP alcohol solution containing SWNTs. The diameter of the nanofibers was in the range of 1–3 μm. Using a dielectric substrate and the collector of a special shape, a mat of fibers with preferred fiber orientation was prepared. Our estimation shows that about 90% of the fibers are oriented.


In present work, the nanosized silica particles were synthesized using acidic hydrolysis of sodium silicate by precipitation under controlled pH conditions. The synthesized nanosized silica particles were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nanosized silica particles have been demonstrated the various properties according to its purity, shape, size and distribution. One of the applications of synthesized nanosized silica particles is the adsorption of heavy-metal ions, which is investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The adsorption energies of heavy metal ions on nanosized silica particles were calculated using ab-initio method and compared the binding energies of metal ions onto silica.


Post‐stroke cognitive decline is an important component of vascular dementia. Ischemia and vascular disease is present in the brains of the majority of both Alzheimer's Disease and VCID cases, and brain ischemia alone, in the form of a clinical stroke, doubles the risk of later cognitive impairment independently of known vascular dementia risk factors. In stroke survivors one of the most distressing complications is post‐stroke cognitive decline, which occurs in up to a third of individuals within five years and impacts significantly on quality of life.


Glass from a light bulb is a waste product that cannot be utilized in a traditional way. This study looks into the possibilities of using lamp borosilicate glass powder as a cement replacing admixture in conventional concrete. Compressive Strength of the Concrete after partly replacing cement with Borosilicate Glass Powder for various percent such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% was tested and the optimum percentage of replacement was found to be 20 %. Moreover the water absorption capacity of both R 20 % and CC was tested. Finely grounded Borosilicate Glass Powder of particle Size 4 Micrometer shows good performance and properties towards partial replacement of cement in Concrete.


linquency. Readers prepared to suffer these minor departures from tradition will find a number of methodological approaches not normally found in the literature on crime and delinquency, and some of these might well be applied elsewhere. Some of the quantitative results will be striking to many, and some of those may require further consideration as these models are improved. All four explore crime as a stochastic


Objective:To observe the effects of recombinant human growth hormone(rh-GH) and ovariectomy(OVX) on the bone mass of rats' mandibles.Method:According to two factors and their two levels of rh-GH and OVX,40 femal rats were divided into 4 groups:①sham-OVX+NS(SO),②sham-OVX+rh-GH(SO-GH),③NS+OVX(OVX),④rh-GH+OVX(GH-OVX).After all these rats were ovariectomized or sham-ovariectomized(sham-OVX),they began to receive the same doses of growth hormone or NS for ten days.The bone mineral densities(BMD) of all mandibles were measured in the 8 th week and the 12 th week.Result: By AVOVA analysis,there were remarkable difference in BMD of mandibles among the four teams,and the third one was the lowest of them,however,the others had not remarkable difference.Conclusion:Recombinant growth hormone can conserve the mandibular bone mass and reduce the chance of being osteoporosis in postmenopausal patients.


This article aims to examine the difficulties raised by the semantic and syntactic characterization of the stative verb sto by using a methodology that explores the possible similarities of this predicate with other partially related Latin verbs (sum, absum, maneo, permaneo, remaneo, ex(s)isto, ex(s)to). The application of this methodology to a corpus of texts sufficiently representative of several periods, authors and literary genres, and to the data provided by the main Latin language lexicons, allows discovering important similarities between the different verbs compared, viz. (i) the particular status of the locative constituent in its main predicate frame, and (ii) the possibility of existential constructions and the diffuse boundary between these structures and the locative constructions. One of the most significant findings concerns the progressive apparition of the copulative use of sto during the classical period.


In order to master amphibian and reptile resources status,strengthen biodiversity conservation and promote sustainable development of ecotourism,the amphibian and reptile resources in Hunan Nanyue Hengshan National Nature Reserve were investigated by line transect sampling and interview survey on July 2nd—10th,2005;July 22nd—29th,2006;April 9th—16th,June 2nd—10th,and August 24th—31st,2007.The results showed that the species diversity of amphibian and reptile was rich and 67 species of amphibian and reptile were recorded.There were 23 species of amphibian belonging to 2 orders,8 families,accounted for 35.38% of the total 65 species of amphibian recorded in Hunan Province.And there were 44 species of reptile belonging to 3 orders,9 families,accounted for 45.83% of the total 96 species of reptile recorded in Hunan Province.The amphibian and reptile fauna belonged to Oriental realm,Central China district,eastern hilly plain sub-district.Among 67 species of amphibian and reptile,51 species were Oriental species,16 species were widespread species,without Palaearctic species.Meanwhile suggestions were pointed out to control the human activities and improve the management in the nature reserve.


Mesoporous metals that combine catalytic activity and high surface area can provide more opportunities for electrochemical applications. Various synthetic methods, including hard and soft templating, have been developed to prepare mesoporous/nanoporous metals. Micelle assembly, typically involved in soft-templates, is flexible and convenient for such purposes. It is, however, difficult to control, and the ordering is significantly destroyed during the metal deposition process, which is detrimental when it comes to designing precisely mesostructured materials. In the present work, mesoporous Pd films were uniformly electrodeposited using a nonionic surfactant, triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide), as a pore-directing agent. The interaction between micelles and metal precursors greatly influences the metal growth and determines the final structure. The water-coordinated species interact with the ethylene oxide moiety of the micelles to effectively drive the ...


Forced response is a critical concern in turbomachinery design, as it can quickly lead to high-cycle fatigue failure. However, for modern compressor design programs, it is virtually impossible to remove all resonant crossings that occur within the operating range of the compressor. One option to mitigate these resonant crossings is to break up the strength of the aerodynamic forcing at particular frequencies through the introduction of stator asymmetry. This work investigates the predicted reduction in strength of the vortical forcing function due to stator asymmetry in a three-stage axial compressor. Stator asymmetry is introduced by modifying stator 1 to have unequal vane counts on each stator half. Steady single-passage computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to build representative full-annulus wake structures of the symmetric and asymmetric geometries using total pressure wake profiles downstream of the stator. A Fourier transform of these wake structures compares the frequencies and streng...


The development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provides a solution of many applied
problems with increasingly higher quality and accuracy nowadays. Researches that are carried out by
the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Munich (BAW) in the field of airborne
gravimetry are based on sophisticated data processing from high frequency GNSS receiver for
kinematic aircraft positioning. Applied algorithms for inertial acceleration determination are based on
the high sampling rate (50Hz) and on reducing of such factors as ionosphere scintillation and multipath
at aircraft /antenna near field effects.
The quality of the GNSS derived kinematic height are studied also by intercomparison with lift height
variations collected by a precise high sampling rate vertical scale [1].
This work is aimed at the ways of more accurate determination of mini-aircraft altitude by means of
high frequency GNSS receivers, in particular by considering their dynamic behaviour.


Availability of a safe and reliable water supply is an issue in developing nations, including India. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a site-specific source control used to satisfy human, agricultural, and safety demands for water. This study analyzed the effects of capturing rainwater for a 12.5 year period (Jan 1999–Jun 2011) to provide three ecosystem services: water supplementation for indoor use, water supplementation for food production and groundwater recharge (GWR). A hydrologic analysis was completed using satellite rainfall data and a water balance approach. Two demand scenarios, indoor and outdoor, were considered, with water in excess of demand and storage directed to recharge groundwater. An economic analysis quantified RWH system net present value. The results indicated significant ecosystem services benefits were possible from RWH in India. RWH for the purpose of providing irrigation to a small garden and allowing overflow to a drywell for GWR was concluded to be an approach to maximize benefits. This scenario provided the greatest net present value (21,764–38,851 INR), fastest payback period (0.30–0.98 years), and recharge to groundwater of more than 40% of onsite rainfall. The benefit of the outdoor vegetable irrigation was determined and the results showed that the caloric demands of the typical Indian household (2.75 kg of tomatoes and 1.05 kg of lettuce) could be met with a 20 m2 garden, and excess food could be sold to offset the capital cost of the system and later for economic gain.


In this work we present a numerical study of the revival and trapping of Gaus sian wave packets for two classes of billiard types systems (by a billiard we mean that a quantum particle is spatially confined by infinite wall potentials). We first investigate some one-dimensional systems, whose energies depend only on a single quantum number. Then we analyze two-dimensional cases, where the energy is labeled by two quantum numbers. The one-dimensional exemples treated here are: square well potential, step well potential, asymmetric step well potential and delta potential. The two-dimensional exemples are: rec tangular and square billiards and a step billiards with a linear potential. We consider a simple method to classify the time scales for which the revival phenomenon takes place. We also a generalize the usual approach used to the delta well. These new approach is allow us to study different aspects of localization of wave packets.


N eonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is relatively common; it complicates at least 1 in 1000 pregnancies. Two articles in this issue of TRANSFUSION focus on specific issues connected with screening for this disorder. Before considering the issues raised by these articles, it is important to note the new developments in NAIT over the past several years. An enormous advance has been in the laboratory evaluation: NAIT has evolved from "Pl" incompatibility to the development of the human platelet antigen (HPA) nomenclature comprising more than 16 different "platelet-specific" antigens. Each antigen mismatch has been documented to be responsible for case(s) of fetal and neonatal (alloimmune) thrombocytopenia, often including perinatal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Novel antigen systems were discovered by DNA sequencing when the evaluation of clinical cases typical for severe NAIT failed to reveal the "expected" HPA-1a mismatch. A second area of substantial progress has been in the antenatal management of the subsequent affected sibling of one previously diagnosed in the neonatal nursery. Several studies have validated the need to stratify cases of NAIT and base their treatment on the presence and timing of ICH in the previous sibling. There is now also a consensus to minimize the use of fetal blood sampling. The latter relates to both the increased effectiveness of antenatal treatment and the complications of fetal blood sampling. These two sets of advances and others in the diagnosis and management of NAIT have been accompanied by a novel approach: screening of thousands of consecutive pregnancies or neonates to prospectively diagnose NAIT. This approach follows that of erythroblastosis fetalis-hemolytic disease of the newborn in which currently all pregnant women are screened for Rh type and alloantibodies to red cells. Screening studies of NAIT have utilized either serology of maternal sera or else ascertained neonatal thrombocytopenia in the nursery. Screening studies of neonates demonstrated that severe neonatal thrombocytopenia (PLT counts, <50 ¥ 10/L) was often caused by NAIT. Furthermore, studies in different ethnic groups, e.g., Asian instead of Caucasian, showed that different antigen system mismatches were involved, i.e., HPA-4 instead of HPA-1. The article in this issue from Brazil by Castro and coworkers was a screening study based on obtaining neonatal PLT counts in almost 10,000 normal newborns. It assessed which antigen systems were important in the ethnically mixed Brazilian population and how frequently NAIT occurred. Of interest it seemed that only HPA-5b was a frequent cause of NAIT among HPA-1 to -5 in this population. A high percentage of cases of severe neonatal thrombocytopenia were not identified as NAIT, although there could have been other, not tested antigens such as HPA-6 to -16. The unidentified antigens might also be ones indigenous to the native population that have not as yet been discovered. If so, the identification of these antigens might further inform us regarding platelet biology in addition to improving diagnosis of NAIT in Brazil and probably other populations. Implicit in this study is the clear emphasis that not only PLT antigen mismatch is required for diagnosis but also specific antibody in the mother directed at this mismatch. This conclusion was borne out by the finding that HPA-5b mismatch was equally frequent in thrombocytopenic and nonthrombocytopenic infants but specific antibody was seen only in the mothers of thrombocytopenic neonates. The results of this study raise a question that has not yet been conclusively answered in any population: when evaluating neonatal thrombocytopenia for NAIT, which antigens should be routinely tested and what is the optimal, cost effective strategy in the reference laboratory? The study by Killie and colleagues approaches the important issue of noninvasive prediction of the fetal PLT count with the potential intent of altering antenatal management depending upon the results. This type of study may be greatly influenced by whether included patients have already had an affected infant or are part of a screening program. The data on using maternal intrapartum antibody titers to predict the fetal PLT count, as shown in the study reported here, seem clearly better in the context of screening programs than in subsequent affected fetuses. In addition, while the level of platelet antibody is significantly associated with neonatal thrombocytopenia and has been confirmed in more than one study (for example in Williamson et al.), it remains unclear that antibody titers reliably predict the degree of neonatal and especially fetal thrombocytopenia. In other words, selecting mothers with positive or high titers of antiplatelet TRANSFUSION 2007;47:6-7.


Mobile electronics have continually decreased in size; however, mobile power sources have not had comparable increases in energy density or specific energy. Researchers are considering energy harvesting technologies to reduce dependence on batteries, providing alternate sources of power. Combining multiple energy harvesters onto a single platform is a logical and practical method to increase energy output and system robustness. This study explored the dynamics of two passive, multi-source energy harvesting schemes: disparate sources of piezoelectric and photovoltaic, as well as an array of piezoelectrics. A series and a parallel topology were explored for each scheme. For both the schemes, the series topology lends itself to high-level, low-duty cycle load characteristics as it is able to achieve greater amounts of energy on a storage capacitor. The parallel topology lends itself to low-level, high-duty cycle load characteristics due to increased maximum power levels. Both the parallel and the series topologies of the array of piezoelectrics effectively combine the power from the two harvesters in the absence of differences between the two signals. The series topology is insensitive to amplitude differences, and the parallel topology is insensitive to a phase angle or a frequency difference.


Using moduli of smoothness of high order, we study the problem derivatives hight order of the Bernstein type polynomials, characterize the derivatives of hight order by the smoothness of function and obtain a equivalence theorem.


In the latest decades, various hardware and software were developed very rapidly. Based on data Central Bureau Statistic of Indonesia, there 310 million people in 2035. It is also supported by data from Beecham Research Institute, the world population is expected to reach 9.6 billion people. To support this condition, there must be increase in food production which can be provided by implementation of technology in agriculture sector. The focus of this research is design of IoT monitoring system based on LoRa in Starfruit plantation. We use pH and soil moisture sensor to monitor soil condition in the plantation. From the experiment, the maximum coverage at 700 meters with RSSI value -120 dBm and PDR value under 50%. In the end user interface, it reveals that interface can be accessed through desktop and smartphone. Then, the average of response time for proposed monitoring system is 0.408 for all menu.


Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Interferential Therapy (IFT) both in combination with hot pack, myofascial release, active range of motion (AROM) exercise and a home exercise program on myofascial pain syndrome patients with upper trapezius myofascial trigger point (MTrP). Design: One hundred and five patients with an upper trapezius MTrP were recruited to this single-blind randomized controlled trial. Following random allocation of patients to three groups, three therapeutic regimes—control-standard care [hot pack, AROM exercises, myofascial release and a home exercise program with postural advice], TENS-standard care and IFT-standard care—were administered eight times during four weeks at regular intervals. The pain intensity (PI) and cervical range of motions (ROMs) (cervical extension, lateral flexion to contralateral side and rotation to ipsilateral side) were measured at baseline, immediately after the first treatment, before the eighth treatment and one week after the eighth treatment. Results: The immediate and short-term improvements were marked in the TENS group (n=35) compared to IFT group (n=35) and control group (n=35) with respect to PI and cervical ROMs (P<0.05). IFT group showed significant improvement on these outcome measurements than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The TENS with standard care facilitate recovery better than IFT in the same combination.


important addition to the literature on Lesotho, the organizational scheme he employs makes this book difficult for the reader unfamiliar with the Lesotho political economy. For example, Ferguson's decision to lay out the ' setting' for the Lesotho economy and society only in ch. iv can be disconcerting to the uninitiated scholar. Thus, for the student or scholar who seeks an introduction to the political economy of a small southern African country, this is not the book. None the less, I would recommend it highly to advanced students and those contemplating research into Lesotho, as well as those interested in theoretical work which is creatively applied to the ' development' literature.


(57) Abstract: Solvent extraction apparatus Equivalents and heating plate (9) or even a boiling container for the solvent (5), an extraction thimble for the sample to be extracted (3), and evaporated cooler for condensing the vapor of the solvent and (1), and a pulling rod (2) penetrating the cooler (1). Cooler (1) is preferably connected to the adapter (4) Boiling vessel (5) via a. The rod has dropped rim provided on the lower part (2), the drip rim thimble (3) is releasably secured. Thimble (3) is movable in the vertical direction by the pulling rod (2), also the flow of the solvent from the cooling device (1) and in the coolers (1) be adjusted by the pulling rod (2) can.


by VISHAL N. PATEL The progression of colorectal cancer is driven by the accumulation of mutations in a number of key genes, which synergize with each other to promote tumor growth. These coregulatory genes are of particular importance as they provide alternative points for pharmacologic modulation of perturbed signaling pathways. In this work, we explored the signaling landscapes of three important regulatory genes – Hpgd, Apc, and Cdkn1a – using genetically engineered mice as models of colon cancer. We assayed the intestinal epithelium using genomic (mRNA arrays) and proteomic (2D gels and label-free proteomics) modalities. To identify genes with a potential regulatory role, we employed protein interaction networks and mRNA coexpression networks to extrapolate from the proteomic measurements. In the process, we introduced novel bioinformatic approaches for testing network-based hypotheses, for applications where the signaling pathway is known a priori. In addition, we also introduced a novel statistical framework for interpreting label-free proteomic data in a genomic context. With the objective of identifying new regulatory targets, we found that the sparsity of proteomic data is ameliorated by relying on inferences from interaction networks and that these inferences are greatly improved by coupling proteomic data with genomic measurements.


This study investigated different physical properties of ZrC/Al2O3 imbedded heat storage woven fabrics. ZrC and Al2O3 imbedded heat storage PET filaments were spun on the pilot spinning equipment, respectively. Various physical properties of ceramic imbedded fabrics made of ZrC and Al2O3 imbedded filaments were measured and compared with those of the regular PET woven fabric. The surface temperatures of the ZrC and Al2O3 imbedded fabrics were higher than that of the regular fabric. Water absorption rate of ceramic imbedded fabrics was better than that of the regular fabric and drying property was inferior to that of regular fabric. Breathability by water vapour resistance(Ref) of ZrC imbedded fabric was superior to that of regular fabric. Heat keepability rates of the ceramic imbedded fabrics were higher than that of the regular fabrics, which revealed a good heat storage property of the ZrC/Al2O3 imbedded fabrics.


This paper valuates the evolution of Electrical Engineering graduate courses located in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, during 2002 and 2014. The descriptive and exploratory research uses the Capes – GeoCapes – database in order to build knowledge on the quantity of graduate students, to verify the participation of the universities from Sao Paulo in the professionals' formation as well as to compare the results according to the geographical distribution of these institutions. Thus, identifying the scenario of the educational public policies performance of graduate formation, besides to do a brief contextualization about the qualification difficulties in the segment. The conclusion is that the number of programs increased during the period with the preponderance of three public universities in the training for masters and doctoral students, although the distribution was concentrated in few cities and administrative regions.


We have been interested in the possibility that the low energy electrons (Auger and Coster-Kronig) emitted after the electron capture decay of 'K may have highly localized radiochemical effects on the genetic material-effects dependent upon the intracellular locus of potassium. We report here that these effects are such that the likelihood of mutagenesis by their impact on DNA is substantial. This suggests that intracellular '0K has played a significant role as a mutagenic agent in evolution. Potassium has evolved as the predominant intracellular cation. It is present in most cells-including those of the germ plasm-at high concentrations (-150 mM) and at a low value (3-5 mM) in the extracellular fluid (ECF) (1). The natural potassium mix contains the primordial radionuclide 40K at an isotopic abundance of0.0118% (2). The biologic implications of the ionizing radiations emitted in the decay of 'K have been of much interest. The average gonadal dose rate has been estimated as 17 mrad/yr, or 50 Aurad/day (1 rad = 0.01 gray), from the 'K ,13rays ofaverage energy (Ed) of 562 keV and as 2 mrad/ yr from the penetrating 1,461-keV y-rays (3, 4). In comparison, the cosmic-ray dose rate at sea level is about 30 mrad/yr, or 80 Arad/day (3, 5). There is an additional contribution to the radiochemical effects of average energies for electrons emitted in this process are based on their experimental data. The (- and EC-decay rates of '0K are calculated by using the branching ratios f4 = 0.89 and fEc = 0.11, t1/2 for 4K of 1.28 x 109 yr, and the current isotopic abundance (2,4). We ignore the small contributions to the dose rate from the penetrating y-rays of 40K and the K shell x-rays of 'Ar.


In order to deal with the pollution caused by the noises embodied in the millimeter-wave radar data,and remove the noises from the data,a so-called method,adaptive median filtering,was adopted to get the true atmospheric cloud information data detected by a millimeter radar by means of theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration.The result shows compared with traditional median filtering,this kind of method displays more excellent capability filtering,and it not only can deal with the noises in the radar data,but also persist the partial details of the radar data.


Describes a new form of money laundering which does not involve proceeds of past crimes but clean money intended to be used to commit future crimes. Adduces the financing of terrorism as the obvious example: the cash for the attacks of September 11 may have been clean, but the purpose was deadly. Points out that, because anti‐money laundering legislation is mostly backward looking, it tends not to address the financing of future crimes. Looks at the initial attempts in US legislation to correct this: the PATRIOT Act made smuggling more than $10,000 currency in or out of the country illegal, while moving money in or out of the country in order to commit a crime was already a crime in itself. Argues that a domestic version of this statute is necessary, and suggests how such a law could be crafted, mentioning Section 1960(b)(1)(c) of the PATRIOT Act.


This special issue on tropical crops focuses on how these crops adapt to their tropical environment and accumulate carbohydrates in unique ways as well as recent technological innovations in genetics and breeding. The tropics have an abundance of natural resources such as light, heat, water and great diversity of higher plants. It is estimated that about 100000 plant species originated in tropical and subtropical zones around the globe. Also, many cultivated crops evolved and were domesticated in tropical regions. The tropical crops, such as cassava, have highly efficient photosynthesis, energy transferability and biomass accumulation, as well as tolerance to drought and low fertility soil. In other words, tropical crops are like machines that can speedily create biomass from the extremely rich environmental resources. Consequently, they will be given much attention as sources of food, feed, bio-energy and green biomaterials in the near future. Different from the majority of crops in China and the world, research on tropical crops such as banana and other tropical fruit, cassava, rubber tree and sugarcane has been relatively limited, especially at the biological or genomic level, a situation that is not commensurate with their economic importance. The underlying problem is that few of institutes and experienced scientists engaged in this field of study because the most countries in tropics are developing country. Accordingly, until recently there has been less research on environmental response and biomass accumulation at molecular and cellular levels on tropical crops. This special issue includes 10 articles on tropical crops, including banana, cassava, mangroves and rubber tree. These cover a wide range of important current research topics, encompassing yield formation, environmental response, and innovative transgenic technologies in special crops, as well as development of genomic tools. On cassava (Manihot esculenta), proposed as a model plant of tropical crops, there are three research articles and one review add new resources and knowledge in genomics and transgenic technology. Large-scale comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the genes important in leaf, stem and storage root of cultivated cassava by comparison with its wild ancestor. This new understanding focused attention on specific genes for light harvesting and response, together with Calvin cycle genes in leaf, other genes for transport and key rate-limiting enzymes coupling ATP consumption in the glycolysis pathway in stem, and genes for sucrose degradation, amylose synthesis and hydrolysis. The expression of genes involved in three key steps in starch synthesis associated with storage has been enhanced during domestication. The coexpression network in each organ linked important transcription factors to their putative targets, and further confirmed some of important hub genes in photosynthesis, transportation and starch biosynthesis. Furthermore, the review presented several successful transgenic events on engineering protein content and improving resistance to viral diseases by RNAi in cassava and stated the potential utilization of this approach in cassava genetic improvement. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library with about 60 thousand clones with an average insert size of 125 kb has been released, and a physical map composed of 2485 contigs with average length of 336 kb based on fingerprint of 29952 clones was constructed, representing about 762 Mb of the cassava genome. This BAC-based physical map provides a valuable tool to understand the cassava genome and comparative evolution. Also, a full-length cDNA library containing 32640 recombinant clones from leaf and root of cassava cv. Arg7 and its wild ancestor W14 (M. esculenta) has been constructed. By sequencing of part clones, 5013 high-quality expressed sequence tags and 1259 unigenes were


Background: Climate change contributes to increased frequency of extreme weather events, such as drought. Drought is the common natural disaster in every region of the world. Drought is an aberrant climatic situation that has various impacts on communities. Governments of various states are spending millions of rupees in response to droughts. Proactive measures aimed at preventing or mitigating the effects of drought are more cost-effective. Assessment and monitoring are important in managing the drought risk in arid and semi-arid regions. Drought indices helps to quantify the severity of droughts. Methods: Standardized precipitation index (SPI), per cent normal (PN), deciles index (DI), China Z-index (CZI), Z-score index (ZSI) were used in the present study to assess the drought severity. Result: Results showed that the lowest value of SPI (-2.85) was found in the year 2018 which falls under extreme drought in Chittoor district, followed by Nellore - (2.85) and Anantapur (-2.46) in the year 2002. Extreme wet condition was found in Vishakapatnam district (3) followed by Prakasam (2.65) and Srikakulam (2.44) in the years 1990, 2007 and 1995. For deciles index, almost all the districts fall under drought conditions in the year 2002, 2009 and 2018. Deciles index showed more frequency in extreme drought condition for all the districts compare to SPI and PN. The correlation coefficient between SPI and CZI was lowest in West Godavari district with 0.82.


Three species of Portia (Portia africana from Kenya, Portia fimbriata from Australia and Portia labiata from the Philippines) were tested with flies Drosophila immigrans and Musca domestica and with web-building spiders Badumna longinquus and Pholcus phalangioides. Badumna longinquus has powerful chelicerae, but not especially long legs, whereas Ph. phalangioides has exceptionally long legs, but only small, weak chelicerae. Typically, Portia sighted flies, walked directly towards them and attacked without adjusting orientation. However, Portia's attacks on the spiders were aimed primarily at the cephalothorax instead of the legs or abdomen. Portia usually targeted the posterior-dorsal region of B. longinquus' cephalothorax by attacking this species from above and behind. When the prey was Ph. phalangioides, attack orientation was defined primarily by opportunistic gaps between this species' long legs (gaps through which Portia could contact the pholcid's body without contacting one of the pholcid's legs). Portia's attack strategy appears to be an adjustment to the different types of risk posed by different types of prey.


The corporate reputation is one of the essential intangible assets for many companies. Businesses that lack of this important asset may face the difficulties where operational income is less than operational cost; business losing customers may confront the problem of a profit decline (Weiwei, 2007). Besides that, reputation is an intangible asset that can " t be built just only through advertising. To build a strong reputation, the firm must have strong communication to communicate with the stakeholders. To convince and persuade them to believe in the firm without a strong communicator, no matter how much effort organization does, the stakeholders will still go to another whom able to " move " them. Therefore, a strong communication will be a great step to build an organization " s reputation. Several studies have shown that improving corporate reputation results in better corporate communication for companies. However, more and more researchers have realized that corporate communication is the most important factors to form corporate reputation. This research aims to describe the relationship between corporate communication and corporate reputation, and their impact on the companies " success. INTRODUCTION A revolution in the business landscape has forced business to change and adapt the changes from the business environment. The changes are changes in customers " preferences and behavior, changes in the marketplace and technology. These changes have affected the communication practice of the corporate world as corporate communication plays an important role in creating value to a firm.


We present a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling strategy for onshore wind farms aimed at predicting and optimizing the production of farms using a CFD model that includes meteorological data assimilation, complex terrain and wind turbine effects. The model involves the solution of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations together with a k-ε turbulence model specially designed for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL). The model involves automatic meshing and generation of boundary conditions with atmospheric boundary layer shape for the entering wind flow. As the integration of the model up to the ground surface is still not viable for complex terrains, a specific law of the wall including roughness effects is implemented. The wake effects and the aerodynamic behavior of the wind turbines are described using the actuator disk model, upon which a volumetric force is included in the momentum equations. The placement of the wind turbines and a mesh refinement for the near wakes is done by means of a Chimera method. The model is implemented in Alya, a High Performance Computing (HPC) multi physics parallel solver based on finite elements and developed at Barcelona Supercomputing Center.


1Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe, a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Seville, Spain; 2Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ; 3Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA; 4Department of Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; 5Peninsular Veterinary Pathology Consulting, LLC, San Diego, CA; 6Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; 7Bristol-Myers Squibb, Berkeley Heights, NJ; 8Genmab Pharmaceuticals, Princeton, NJ; and 9Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Francisco, CA


Context. The Galaxy Ultraviolet Explorer (GALEX) satellite has recently shown the presence of an extended, outer ring studded with UV-bright knots surrounding the lenticular galaxy NGC 4262. Such a structure-not detected in the optical-is coupled with a ring of atomic (HI) gas. Aims. We want to show that both star-forming and HI rings surrounding this SB0 galaxy share the same radial distance from the galaxy center and spatial orientation. We also model the kinematics of the ring(s) and of the galaxy body. Methods. We make use of archive FUV and NUV GALEX data plus HI observations from the literature. Results. We confirm that the UV-bright and atomic gas rings of NGC 4262 have the same extent and projected spatial orientation. Their kinematics is not coupled with that of the galaxy stars. Conclusions. It is possible that NGC 4262 has undergone a major gas stripping event in the past that was the origin of the present "necklace" of UV-bright knots.


It is a global tendency for manufac- hirers to be concerned about the environment, which leads to the appearance of Green Design. There exist many complicated multi-objective and multi-criteria decision making problems in the Green Design process. The framework to illustrate these problems is presented. Based on TOPSIS, the modified new method called Green Utility Similarity (GUS) is demonstrated to solve the decision-making problems. The Green Utility Similarity method incorporates the non-linear normalization different from the commonly used linear method. The case study of air-conditioner green design alternatives selection, with both GUS method and TOPSIS, shows that GUS method is feasible and effective.


The publication of nomograms to predict radical prostatectomy (RP) outcome using preoperative parameters were important steps in urological oncology. Abdollah et al. [1], in this issue of BJU International, present a new nomogram to predict specimen-confined disease (SCD; pT2– 3a, pN0 R0) in men with high-risk prostate cancer undergoing pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) and robotassisted RP (RARP). They used statistical logistic regression to measure the impact of various preoperatively available clinicopathological parameters on the likelihood of pathological outcome and tumour recurrence. The final nomogram accurately identified SCD (pT2–3a, pN0 R0) in 76% of the patients. It is intuitive that these patients have good long-term oncological outcomes after surgery. Consequently, Abdollah et al. found excellent 8-year cancerspecific survival rates in these patients. Because nomograms provide individualised risk prediction for patients in an easily applicable manner, they have become very popular among clinicians. Nomograms are now being applied for almost every aspect of prostate cancer. These are freely available and both patients and physicians are encouraged to use them.