Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an algorithm to extract maximum available power from a solar photovoltaic system associated with DC-DC power converters. Conventional MPPT methods like Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm and Incremental Conductance algorithm are inefficient, as they cannot differentiate between local and global MPP. In addition, they oscillate on reaching MPP due to their fixed step size. Advanced methods using Artificial Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence based methods were proposed to overcome these problems. These advanced methods have high tracking efficiency and they are fast. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm based MPPT method a simple and basic method of Artificial Intelligence based MPPT methods. This paper presents a brief review of advanced artificial intelligence based MPPT methods alongside the generic SPV model utilized for simulation.


though incidents of use of force by police officers account for less than 2% of the estimated total of police and civilian contacts (official interaction between any person and an off icer), the prevalence of injury to civilians and officers in these situations is high. 2‐8 Police departments in the United States are increasingly providing officers with less-lethal weapons to control suspects who physically resist arrest. The limited body of research on risk factors associated with injury during use-of-force incidents suggests that suspects have a greater likelihood of sustaining an injury when officers use canines, impact weapons (e.g., batons), or other physical force than when they use less-lethal weapons like conducted energy devices (CEDs) or chemical irritants like oleoresin capsicum (OC), also known as pepper spray. 9‐13


In the face of increasing audit tasks, it is imperative to realize the transformation from manual audit based on domain expertise to intelligent audit based on algorithm, in order to improve the efficiency and quality of audit. However, the serious imbalance of data distribution and strong dependence on domain experts pose a huge challenge to the application of the algorithm in the field of audit. In response to the above challenges, this paper proposes a cost-sensitive capsule network (CSCN) to identify abnormal accounting vouchers. It can not only successfully extract features from multiple types of input data and improve the accuracy through capsule network, but also deal with extremely unbalanced data by introducing cost-sensitive loss function. The comparative experiment results show that the proposed CSCN algorithm accurately identifies all abnormal accounting vouchers, the G-mean index is increased by 5.3% and the average cost index is reduced by 64.6%, which fully verifies its effectiveness.


Despite much progress in emergency management, effective techniques for real-time tracking of emergency events are still lacking. We envision a promising direction to achieve real-time emergency tracking is through widely adopted smartphones. In this paper, we explore the first step in achieving this goal, namely, locating emergency in real time using smartphones. Our main contribution is a novel approach that locates emergencies by analyzing AP (access point) association events collected from a campus Wi-Fi network. It is motivated by the observation that human behavior and mobility pattern are significantly altered in the face of emergency, which is reflected in how their smartphones associate with the APs in the network. More specifically, our approach locates emergency by discovering APs with abnormal association patterns using Extreme Value Theory (EVT). Preliminary evaluation using real data collected from a university campus network demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.


The fast development of Liaoning economy causes the incapability of the power transmission lines to satisfy the demand.However,the cost for constructing new power transmission lines is very high.After analysis,it is decided to use heat-resist wires instead of normal leads in the reconstruction of Beigeng Line and Lideng Line,which are the bottlenecks in the middle section of Liaoning power transmission lines.The online monitoring system for heat-resist wires aims to realize the data collection and analysis of heat-resist wires' operation,and to accumulate analysis data for the research of heat-resist wires.After one year's application,the system totally meets the design requirements,and provides new thoughts for domestic research of heat-resist wires.


The invention provides a fiber bragg grating time phase coding optical code converter based on closeness of Gold bipolar codes, and the optical code converter comprises: a first optical circulator for receiving input optical coded signals and outputting coded signals of a first superstructure fiber bragg phase grating; the first superstructure fiber bragg phase grating for coding input optical coded signals to the first optical circulator once; a second optical circulator for receiving the optical coded signals coded by the first superstructure fiber bragg phase grating and outputting the output signals of the optical code converter; and a second superstructure fiber bragg phase grating for coding the input optical coded signals of the second optical circulator once again. The optical code converter based on closeness of Gold codes can realize the conversion of fixed and reconfigurable bipolar optical phase codes, so as to greatly improve the connectivity of network routing and security of information transmission as well as increasing the flexibility of network.


The invention relates to an assembled house, in particular to a quickly-assembled house which is subjected to industrialized production. The invention aims to provide a quickly-assembled house which is subjected to industrialized production, is transported by a container, is quickly spliced and finished in a field sheet body mode, is low in cost and is simple to install. The house comprises the following parts of a floor, a wall body and a roof, wherein the wall body is spliced by wall body blocks; a spliced position is spliced by structural adhesive; and the floor, the wall body and the roof are fixedly installed by fastening pieces to form a house structure. The modularized quickly-assembled house has the beneficial effects that the modularized quickly-assembled house is subjected to industrialized production, is transported by the container, is quickly assembled in field and can be assembled into various temporary, construction-plant or permanent residence of different styles; the modularized quickly-assembled house has few construction members which are standardized and modularized, is simple to assemble and has a short assembling process; the modularized quickly-assembled house is convenient and simple to transport and has the advantages of low transportation cost and good energy saving and environment friendly performance; and the junctions of wall bodies are spliced by the structural adhesive to solve the problem of the wall body structure crack.


A rare case of Congenital Clubbing was reported in a 40 year male patient. This article discusses the case and the probable causes associated with Congenital Clubbing.


References 1 Kim EJ, Hess S, Richardson SK, et al. Immunopathogenesis and therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Clin Invest. 2005; 115: 798–812. 2 Schuppli R. Is mycosis fungoides an "immunoma'? Dermatologica. 1976; 153: 1–6. 3 Alinaghi F, Bennike NH, Egeberg A, et al. Prevalence of contact allergy in the general population: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Contact Dermatitis. 2019; 80: 77–85. 4 Shupp DL, Winkelmann RK. Patch tests in Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides. Contact Dermatitis. 1985; 13: 180–185. 5 Fregert S. International Contact Dermatitis Research Group North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2nd edn. Copenhagen, Denmark: Munksgaard Publishers, 1981.


Category: Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: While diabetes is a well-known risk factor for morbidity following surgical fixation of ankle fractures, it is likely that increased risk is related to specific diabetes-associated comorbidities. Compared to patients with uncomplicated diabetes, patients with complicated diabetes have higher risks of infection, overall complications, and a higher likelihood of needing revision surgery/arthrodesis. This suggests that the presence and severity of specific risk factors may help predict post-operative risks for diabetic ankle fracture patients and help guide treatment decisions. To date, no study has identified specific diabetes-associated factors and comorbidities which can pose an increased risk of complications for diabetic ankle fracture patients. We hypothesized that patients with diabetes-related comorbidities will suffer significantly more major complications following surgery for unstable ankle fractures compared to uncomplicated diabetics. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with diabetes treated surgically for ankle fracture at a University medical center over a 12-year period, examining patient and fracture characteristics, treatment method, and clinical and laboratory factors associated with complications. Outcome variables include time to union, wound complication, infection, hardware failure, and need for additional surgery following injury. The primary outcome was major complication, defined as the presence of one or more of the following: deep infection (as evidenced by hardware removal or I&D), amputation, malunion or non-union, skin graft, or wound complication (as evidenced by infection or dehiscence). Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were used to examine the relationships between specific complications and various clinical and demographic factors. A p-value of < 0.05 denotes statistical significance. Results: A total of 61 patients met inclusion criteria. Patient characteristics are depicted in Table 1. Bivariate analyses showed that when compared to diabetic patients without complications, patients who experienced major complications had a significantly higher rate of renal disease (p = 0.032) and retinopathy (p = 0.020), and significantly more hospital readmissions (p < 0.001). Factors associated with complications were determined by a logistic regression model. Age, sex, race, tobacco use and HgbA1C were not associated with increased risk of major complications. However, for each 1-unit increase in the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) Score, there was a 40.6% increase in the likelihood of major complication among diabetic patients with ankle fractures (p = 0.025). Conclusion: Patients with diabetes-related comorbidities have a significantly higher risk of experiencing major complications following treatment of unstable ankle fractures. In this cohort, renal disease, retinopathy and higher CCI were found to be significantly associated with major complications. Interestingly, neuropathy, smoking, and HgA1C were not independent predictors of major complications in this cohort. These data will inform a multi-center prospective registry of patients with diabetes and ankle fractures, and ultimately the development of a risk tool to help guide clinical decision-making and post-operative care for diabetic patients at risk of major complication, re-admission, or re-operation following treatment for ankle fractures.


Abstract Neolamarckia cadamba is a miracle tree species with considerable economic potential used as a timber wood and traditional medicine resource in South and Southeast Asia. To better understand the molecular basis of its chloroplast biology, we sequenced and characterised the complete chloroplast genome using Illumina pair-end sequencing. The analysis showed a chloroplast genome size of 154,999 bp in length, harbouring a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,634 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) sequence of 85,880 bp and a small single copy (SSC) sequence of 17,851 bp. Of the 130 genes present, 96 were unique and 17 were duplicated in the IRs. The coding regions comprised 79 protein genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. In the protein-coding genes, nine genes contained one intron each, while another two genes comprised two introns. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.6%. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis revealed that most SSRs were A/T-rich, which contributed to the overall AT richness of the N. cadamba chloroplast genome. Additionally, fewer SSRs distributed in the protein-coding sequences compared to the non-coding regions, indicating an uneven distribution of SSRs within the chloroplast genome. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that N. cadamba was closely related to Morinda officinalis and Emmenopterys henryi, which belong to the Rubiaceae family. This complete chloroplast genome will offer valuable information for the development of highly variable DNA markers for future conservation, genetic engineering studies and variety selection of this miracle tree.


Requirement Elicitation is very beneficial in developing any new application. Most of systems fail just because of wrong elicitation practice. Without the elicitation techniques it is impossible to find out requirements and the needs of the developing system. It provides base to the developer to construct a structure of proposed system keeping in view the requirement list of stake holders. This research paper is based on understanding elicitation techniques and their usage in applications, by implementing the Elicitation techniques for knowing the needs of stakeholder so that system developer can get clear view of requirement for the developing system. Moreover this research paper covers the gap between knowing the elicitation techniques and how to use them. There are many method to perform requirement gathering or and elicitation, but still they face so many problems. These problems occurred due to the lack of knowledge of engineers or users, which show in the result. This paper gives the overview of negative points of all elicitation techniques.


The reactions of Co/sup II/TPPS (TPPS = tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin) with alkyl and hydroxyalkyl radicals have been studied by pulse radiolysis. The alkyl radicals undergo axial addition with rate constants of (1.2-1.9) X 10/sup 9/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ to form R-Co/sup III/TPPS complexes which either are stable (R = CH/sub 3/) or undergo decomposition (R = CH(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/) to Co/sup I/TPPS and an olefin via a ..beta..-proton elimination mechanism (k/sub 1/ = 0.3 s/sup -1/ at pH 8 and 3 s/sup -1/ at pH 13). The hydroxyalkyl radicals also form R-Co/sup III/TPPS with rate constants of (1.1-1.2) X 10/sup 9/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/. These adducts undergo heterolytic cleavage of the cobalt-carbon bond to form Co/sup I/TPPS and a carbonyl compound, with rate constants of 3.6 X 10/sup 2/ s/sup -1/ (R = CH/sub 2/OH) and 6.2 X 10/sup 3/ s/sup -1/ (R = C(OH)(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/). The radicals (CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/CO/sup -/ and CO/sub 2//sup -/ reduce Co/sup II/TPPS to Co/sup I/TPPS by an outer-sphere mechanism with rate constants 7 X 10/sup 8/ and 2 X 10/sup 8/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/, respectively. Co/sup I/TPPS is oxidized to CH/sub 3/Co/sup III/TPPS by CH/sub 3/I (k/sub 2/ = 3 Xmore » 10/sup 5/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/) and to Co/sup II/TPPS (probably through intermediate formation of Co/sup III/TPPS) by N/sub 2/O (k/sub 2/ less than or equal to 3 X 10/sup 2/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/). The reactivities of the present systems have been compared with those of other models suggested for vitamin B/sub 12/ like cobaloximes, cobalamins, and other macrocyclic Co/sup II/ complexes.« less


Concepts are presented for using negative refractive index (NRI) materials to design parabolic reflector telescopes and antennas with resolutions significantly better than the diffractions limit. The main question we are attempting to answer is can negative refractive material be used to improve performance of parabolic systems even when the signal or light source is far away and no evanescent fields are present when they arrive at the parabolic reflector. The main approach is to take advantage of any knowledge that we have to recreate the evanescent fields. Fields are then adapted to improve a performance measure such a sharper focus or antenna rejection of interference. A negative refraction index lens is placed between the conventional reflector and focal plane to shape the point spread function. To produce telescope resolutions that are better than the diffraction limit, evanescent fields created by the reflection off of the parabolic surface are amplified and modified to generate fields that sharpen the focus. A second approach use available knowledge of an emitting aperture to synthesize a field at a distance that matches as closely as possible the field of the emitting aperture. The yet unproven conclusion is that techniques can be developed that will improve antenna and telescopes resolution that is better than the diffraction limit.


Yongxing County is located in the southeast of Hunan province,and about the belonging of Yongxing dialect,different experts have different opinions. There are two main reasons,one reason is that the standards and methods the experts used are different from each other,and the other reason is related to the complexity of Yongxing dialect. There are many dialectical differences between Yongxing County,especially the east and the west of Biang River. Based on historical background,Yongxing dialect has close relations with southwest Mandarin language and Gan dialect in Jiangxi province.


Synopsis : The effect of Hot Direct Rolling (HDR) process and Direct Hot Charged Rolling (D-HCR) process between continuous casting and hot strip mill was studied by the simulate calculation and the real operation. 1) HDR process is superior in heat consumption to D-HCR process under the same ratio of these productions. 2) In D-HCR process, high-efficient furnace operation, for example using only one furnace is profitable. 3) HDR process in which the heating can be adopted in a short time and partially is superior in scale loss. 4) The temperature deviation of the strip in the rolling direction can be decreased by these process, and the effect of the quality's improvement such as the improvement of the accuracy about the dimension can be obtained. 5) Though the temperature profile in the width direction is a little different by the process, the fixed temperature for the quality is maintained in each process.


I've spent the last month or so researching the blockchain and its potential applications in education. I've spent the last week or so typing up


The density of aqueous NaBr solutions of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C12TAB) and ultrasound velocity in them have been measured as a function of surfactant concentration at NaBr concentrations 0–5.00 mol kg–1 and at temperatures 15–50 °C. Their adiabatic compressibility has been calculated by means of the Laplace equation. Based on a phenomenological treatment giving the density and the adiabatic compressibility of aqueous solutions of surfactant as a function of surfactant concentration, the apparent adiabatic compressibility of the surfactant in the form of spherical and rod-like micelles has been derived at different NaBr concentrations and at different temperatures.The apparent molar volume of the surfactant in the rod-like micelle is slightly larger than that in the spherical micelle at each temperature. The apparent adiabatic compressibility of the surfactant in the spherical micelle initially decreases upon addition of a small amount of NaBr, and then it remains constant or slightly increases with further addition of NaBr. The apparent adiabatic compressibility of the surfactant in the rod-like micelle increases with increasing NaBr concentration at each temperature, with an abrupt change at the threshold.The threshold NaBr concentration for the sphere–rod transition of the surfactant can be determined from variation of the apparent adiabatic compressibility of the surfactant in the micellar forms with NaBr concentration. It increases with rising temperature and changes from 1.64 mol kg–1 at 20 °C to 2.86 mol kg–1 at 45 °C.The initiation of the sphere–rod transition of micelles is attributed to a change in the hydration state of the surfactant with the NaBr concentration, and the threshold NaBr concentration is defined by the chemical potential of water in solution, with which hydration water on spherical and rod–like micelles are in equilibrium and where the hydration water has an equal escaping tendency on both micelles.


Human visual preferences for slides of five natural landscapes or biomes-tropical rain forest, temperate deciduous forest, coniferous forest, savanna, and desert-were examined. Subjects were third graders, sixth graders, ninth graders, college students, adults, senior citizens, and a group of professional foresters. A series of 20 slides, 4 examples of each biome, was shown twice to each group of subjects. On one pass through the slides, subjects judged how much they would like to live in an area similar to the one represented; on the other pass, subjects rated the slides for how much they would like to visit an area similar to the one shown. Judgments were made on a 6-point Likert scale. Elementary schoolchildren showed a significant preference for savanna over all other biomes. From midadolescence and through adulthood, more familiar natural environments were equally preferred to savanna. Results were interpreted as providing limited support for the hypothesis that humans have an innate preference for savanna-like settings that arises from their long evolutionary history on the savannas of East Africa.


Through the metaphoric lenses of complexity and chaos theories, the Committee on Institutional Cooperation's (CIC) Summer Research Opportunity Program (SROP) is evaluated in terms of its breadth of influence within and without institutional walls, as well as social dogma that pervades this program and its various host institutions. Application of these theories as metaphoric lenses, unveil patterns of influence and dogma at both programmatic and individual levels. Such an application promises to assist in understanding the effectiveness of the SROP program. For decades, minority enrichment programs have sought to promote equity within education through programs such as SROP. By examining the voices of facilitators and former student participants, we may better understand the degree of effectiveness and ultimately the continued need for such initiatives.


In the Nicomachean Ethics, Book I, Aristotle works out his theory of the good for man using two distinct lines of argument and two distinct concepts, the concept of orectic good (good as an object of desire) and that of functional or perfectionist good. For seven and a half chapters in Book I Aristotle investigates the concept of orectic good and seems to build up a reasonable theory of the good for man on the basis of it. Then suddenly he begins an entirely new line of thought with the famous function argument, a perfectionist argument similar to that of Plato in Republic I. Needless to say, this has been a source of puzzlement. Aristotle's concept of orectic good has received plenty of attention, but his perfectionism and its implications have not. Part of the reason for this may be that Aristotle was more sensitive than Plato to the claims of desire and pleasure to play a central role in the good life; indeed at times he wrote as if he had a desire-based or even hedonistic theory of the good, and he has been so interpreted. He was also more sensitive to what people say is good and what people pursue, as evidence for what is good. So, in Book I we find Aristotle paying a lot of attention to the notion of orectic good and seemingly much less to perfectionist good. As a result his theory of the good has been difficult to interpret cleanly; and though his perfectionism is beginning to be more appreciated, the problems and implications of it need to be better understood, especially now that perfectionism is beginning to get some attention again.


Objective
            Indigenous women experience structural barriers to wellness rooted in colonialism and related socio-political processes, making participation in physical activity and access to balanced nutrition challenging. In response, a holistic wellness program was developed in Lloydminster, Alberta, and multiple program iterations have since been completed in urban and rural (including reserve) settings in Alberta, Canada: Onion Lake Cree Nation, Lloydminster and Calgary. The program includes physical activity, nutrition education, bridging to local healthcare support and sharing circles to facilitate reflection. This article collates three years of qualitative data between programs to answer the question: "What does the program do?"

Methods
            Between 2017 and 2019, twenty-four participants, four facilitators and three community champions completed post-program interviews. A mixed-methods, qualitative, two-part analysis was completed involving thematic analysis of transcripts followed by a structured consensus-building approach called nominal group technique (NGT).

Results
            Collaborative analyses revealed that the program enables: 1) self-actualization through collective effort – development of knowledge, skills, beliefs, and behaviours needed to manage one's own health, 2) improved personal wellness, and 3) access to social and cultural supports. Cultural relevancy and safety were identified as key elements of the context that supported these changes.

Conclusion
            The wellness program for Indigenous women demonstrates positive impacts on the health and well-being of participants. Benefits naturally extend to participant families as well as to communities involved through capacity building. The environment of the program, not simply the education and resources offered within it, also contributes to this positive impact.


Artificial intelligence is an appealing area of research in computer science because it is concerned with the discovering of effective techniques that have been mainly motivated from human beings or their living environments to solve problems that have special nature. In this research, we aim first to introduce and analyze the common characteristics of problems that artificial intelligence interested in, and then we will highlight how to prepare such problems to solve them by search. The main goal of our study is helping us to decide which search strategy is better through investigating the behavior of most popular search strategies to find out the desired solution for two examples of a simple artificial intelligence problem. Our experiments presented that the required time and memory space to solve the problem mainly affected by many factors such as the applied search mechanism, the solution position, the number of available solutions, and the complexity in search.


Perret Daniel. Timothy P. Barnard Multiple Centres of Authority. Society and Environment in Siak and Eastern Sumatra, 1674-1827. In: Archipel, volume 70, 2005. pp. 320-322.


As Hammond has argued, traditional explanations for disagreement among experts (incompetence, venality, and ideology) are inadequate. The character and fallibilities of the human judgement process itself lead to persistent disagreements even among competent, honest, and disinterested experts. Social Judgement Theory provides powerful methods for analysing such judgementally based disagreements when the experts' judgement processes can be represented by additive models involving the same cues. However, the validity and usefulness of such representations depend on several conditions: (a) experts must agree on a problem definition, (b) experts must have access to the same information, and (c) experts must use the same organising principles. When these conditions are not met, methods for diagnosing and treating disagreement are poorly understood. As a start towards developing such an understanding, sources of expert disagreement are discussed and categorised.


OBJECTIVE This epidemiological analysis of the pooled Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort describes the equivalence of a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c (such as from 7% to 8%) and years of additional age or duration of type 1 diabetes (T1D) relative to the risk of complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Separate Cox proportional hazards models determined the number of additional years of age and/or duration of T1D that would result in the same increase in risk of microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and cardiovascular complications and mortality as a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c. RESULTS The risk of any cardiovascular disease associated with a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c was equivalent to the risk associated with 4.3 (95% CI 2.7–5.9) additional years of age or 5.6 (95% CI 2.7–6.5) additional years' duration of T1D. The risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or end-stage renal disease associated with a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c was equivalent to the risk associated with 12.1 (95% CI 8.3–15.9) additional years of age or 18.0 (95% CI 4.3–31.7) additional years' duration of T1D. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy risk associated with a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c was equivalent to the risk associated with 6.4 (95% CI 5.3–7.4) additional years' duration of T1D, while for mortality risk, it was equivalent to the risk associated with 12.9 (95% CI 6.6–19.3) additional years of age. CONCLUSIONS Our results help evaluate the impact of glycemia on advanced complications in a way that may be more interpretable to health care providers and individuals with T1D.


We propose a scheme for calibrating the D-Wave quantum annealer's internal parameters to obtain well-approximated samples to train a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM). Empirically, samples from the quantum annealer obey the Boltzmann distribution, making them suitable for RBM training. However, it is hard to obtain appropriate samples without compensation. Existing research often estimates internal parameters, such as the inverse temperature, for compensation. Our scheme utilizes samples for RBM training to estimate the internal parameters, enabling it to train a model simultaneously. Furthermore, we consider additional parameters beyond inverse temperature and demonstrate that they contribute to improving sample quality. We evaluate the performance of our scheme by comparing the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the obtained samples with classical Gibbs sampling. Our results indicate that our proposed scheme demonstrates performance on par with Gibbs sampling. In addition, the training results with our estimation scheme are better than those of the Contrastive Divergence algorithm, known as a standard training algorithm for RBM.


Not all middleware is alike. Project managers must understand the business rules and functional requirement of the project to ensure they are the best choices.


This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the shape of the ankle plantar flexor muscles and the maximum voluntary contraction forces(F_(max))of the ankle plantar flexors.In this study,the shape indexes of the human gastrocnemius muscle,soleus,and peroneus longus muscle were calculated in vivo by spiral computerized tomography(CT).The maximum voluntary contraction forces(F_(max))of the ankle plantar flexors was measured by using 6-dimension force measurement system.The results show:1)There are significant(P0.01)relations between the Fmax and the volume,the maximum cross-sectional area,and the circumference of the ankle plantar flexors.2)The length of gastrocnemius muscle,the length of soleus muscle and the ratio between the lengths of the gastrocnemius muscle's tendon and the leg are significant related to F_(max).3)There are no significant relations between F_(max) and the lengths of the Achilles's tendon and the tendon gastrocnemius muscle.The ratio between the lengths of the Achilles's tendon and leg has also no significant relation with F_(max).


Plant viruses' cell-to-cell movement requires the function of virally encoded movement proteins (MPs). The Tobamovirus, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has served as the model virus to study the activities of single MPs. However, since TMV does not infect the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana I have used a related Tobamovirus, Turnip vein-clearing virus (TVCV). I recently showed that, despite belonging to the same genus, the behavior of the 2 viruses MPs differ significantly during infection. Most notably, MPTVCV, but not MPTMV, targets the nucleus and induces the formation of F actin-containing filaments that associate with chromatin. Mutational analyses showed that nuclear localization of MPTVCV was necessary for TVCV local and systemic infection in both Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis. In this addendum, I propose possible targets for the MPTVCV nuclear activity, and suggest viewing MPs as viral effector-like proteins, playing a role in the inhibition of plant defense.


Playout management subsumes lower and higher level system tasks necessary to execute stored multimedia presentations. For multimedia database management systems, we propose the integration of a respective playout management service. On one hand, this provides optimal database management support for multimedia applications. On the other, this makes the handling of multimedia data within a multimedia database management system more efficient since the storage, retrieval, buffering, and playout management is performed by one consistent system. As an example, we introduce the integrated playout management service of the AMOS system, a distributed object-oriented multimedia database management system. An extension toward reactive adaptive playout management making the multimedia database management system able to overcome insufficient system performance while realizing multimedia presentations is also briefly discussed.


The foot and mouth disease virus VP1 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into T vector,pET-28a-VP1 was achieved through pET-28a and T vector,were dual-enzyme digested by Nde I and Xho I;pET-41a-VP1 was achieved through pET-41a and T vector,were dual-enzyme digested by EcoR I and Xho I,respectively.Then both pET-28a-VP1 and pET-41a-VP1 were transformed into BL21,respectively.When 37 ℃,different IPTG concentrations and 32 ℃,0.01 mmol/L IPTG inducible expression,the results showed that protein yield of pET-28a-VP1 more than pET-41a-VP1,moreover status of protein was not effected by DTT and ethanol.


This paper analyzes Russia's policy towards the South Caucasus region, focusing on the military security policy in particular. Since the mid of 19th century, when the Caucasus region has been annexed by the Imperial Russia, and through the period of the Soviet Union, Russia has had a great impact on the formation of the nation-states in the South Caucasus. Even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and consequently the independence of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, Russia has been trying to maintain and expand the influence over the countries in the region. There has been visible signs of a new hegemony recovery of the Putin regime since the 2000s, and it was justified by the NATO's Eastward Expansion and the emergence of Anti-Russian and pro-American regime in Georgia. The New Great Game in the South Caucasus culminated in the war between Russia and Georgia in 2008, then Russia has focused on the expansion of military influence in the region, which is regarded as an important area of Russia's national security. However, regardless of the will of Russia, factors such as conflicts among countries in the region, economic and political calculations of regional governments, and dynamics of the oppositions in the domestic politics of regional countries make it impossible to expect that the South Caucasus would be turned into a quiet and peaceful area.


A detailed photothermal electrostatic consideration of the Pd‐pyroelectric junction H2 sensor is presented. Experimental evidence is in agreement with the fundamental features of the theory, which supports two possible mechanisms of ac‐mode device operation: pyroelectric coefficient dependence on the hydrogenic dipole‐induced charge density at the Pd‐insulator polyvinylidene fluoride interface, and thermal‐wave modulation of the hydrogen‐concentration‐dependent Pd work function. The dominant operating mechanism is found to depend on the experimental conditions. The concept of image dipole thermostatistical vibration and libration in the pyroelectric matrix is further successfully used to explain the temperature dependence of the photopyroelectric signal in support of the former above‐mentioned mechanism.


Objective To study the preoperative evaluation of three-dimensional spiral CTcholangiography(SCTC) in patients with bile duct obstruction.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 60patients with bile duct obstruction from May 2008 to April 2011,who were treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography( ERCP),then SCTC was performed through endoscopic nasobiliary drainage( EN-BD) tube,and the bile duct tree image of SCTC of bile duct obstruction was evaluated.Results In 60 cases of bile duct obstruction who performed three-dimensional SCTC,the left and right hepatic bile ducts,the hepatic bile duct and the common bile duct were visible in 100% patients,cholecyst bile duct was visible in 80% patients,and three-dimensional SCTC can tell the position of cholecyst duct and the place where the cholecyst bile duct enters into the common bile duct.Conclusion Three-dimensional SCTC can show the shape of bile duct tree,especially the cholecyst duct,and has some guidance values in judging the structure of the bile duct tree and the shape of cholecyst bile duct during operation.

Key words:
Three-dimensional spiral CT cholangiography;  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography;  Bile duct obstruction


The development of west part of China has a great potential value as it enjoys vast territory and abundant mineral resources.In order to develop economy and implement the strategic dicision of the state on develop west part,it is necessary to make full use of the superiority of its mineral resources.


A tremendous growth and progress has shown the potential of big data (i.e structured, unstructured and semi-structured) to extract valuable information and do reliable prediction for several industries. Social networking data has created additional opportunities for data scientists and researchers to utilize the data points to advance the predictive and mining models and techniques. However, predictive analysis in field of academics is at its infancy. In this paper, we present a framework to implement a recommender system to improve academic choice process for new students. The framework is based on our ongoing research for Predicting Educational Relevance For an Efficient Classification of Talent (PERFECT Algorithm Engine), that utilizes stochastic probability distribution based modeling. We present an algorithm and math construct to support our work along with providing graphical results for various parameters that help the recommendation and decision process for individuals. We show related study and conclude with future work.


The production of modified heavy molecules via thermal cracking (visbreaking) and their corresponding adsorption over macroporous silica–alumina, such as kaolin, is described. The characterization of cracked products in terms of hydrocarbon type SARA distributions and stability indexes (P value) is discussed. Improving the properties of visbreaking products after adsorption over kaolin adsorbent with the quantification of organic adsorbates is presented. Preliminary insights on the nature of those organic adsorbates are described. The feasibility of including an adsorption step after thermal cracking for process improvement is demonstrated in this article.


The time is right for the reform of legal education for solicitors. It is two decades since the Legal Practice Course (LPC) replaced the Solicitors' Final Examination, and much has changed in that time, both in the market for legal services and in the regulatory framework. Opportunities to make significant changes to the structure of legal education arise infrequently. There is a need for a measure of stability in training arrangements. Training is a long-term investment for firms. Nevertheless, change is needed now, for several reasons. First, regulatory change resulting from the implementation of the Legal Services Act 2007 and the consequential introduction by the Solicitors Regulation Authority of "outcomes focused regulation" offers a timely opportunity to review the basis of legal education and training. Second, the combination of the LPC and the training contract, as currently configured, is not well matched to the types of practice now undertaken by a majority of newly qualified lawyers. Third, the pressures which shape the content of qualifying law degrees mean that students are not always as well prepared as they might be for the demands of the intensively taught vocational stage. Finally, the growth in the number of providers of the vocational stage, and the potential growth in the number of frontline regulators of legal practice, mean that comparable standards have to be maintained across a large number of providers, subject to a potentially increased number of regulators. Arguably, because "failing" the training contract is almost unknown, the LPC is the effective gateway to the profession. However, some strengthening of the LPC is required. First, accreditation of the course by the regulator should be tightened. At the same time, because different regulators acquire the right to authorise individuals to undertake the same reserved activities, the Legal Services Board should promote common standards of accreditation across all approved frontline regulators. Second, preparation of students for the demands of the LPC should be improved. As only a minority of law graduates will enter the practising professions, the extent to which the professional bodies can dictate the content of law degrees is limited. But there is considerable scope for the main LPC providers to indicate, within the modular degree structures which are now common, the pathways which would best prepare students for the LPC.


The quality of H.264/AVC compressed video delivery over time-varying and error-prone wireless channels is affected by packet losses. To support quality of service (QoS) for video delivery over wireless networks cross-layer schemes have been discussed in the literature. We introduce a cross-layer priority-aware packet fragmentation scheme at the medium access control (MAC) layer to enhance the quality of pre-encoded H.264/AVC compressed bitstreams over bit-rate limited error-prone links in wireless networks. Larger fragments are more likely to be in error but smaller fragments require more overhead. The H.264 slices are classified in four priorities at the encoder based on their cumulative mean square error (CMSE) contribution towards the received video quality. The slices of a priority class in each frame are aggregated into video packets of corresponding priority at the application (APP) layer. We derive the optimal fragment size for each priority class which achieves the maximum expected weighted goodput at different encoded video bit rates, slice sizes and bit error rates. Priority-aware packet fragmentation invokes slice discard in the buffer due to channel bit rate constraints on allocating fragment header bits. We propose a slice discard scheme using frame importance and slice CMSE contribution to control error propagation effects. Packet fragmentation is then extended to slice fragmentation by modifying the conventional H.264 decoder to handle partial slice decoding. Priority-aware slice fragmentation combined with the proposed slice discard scheme provides considerable peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and video quality metric gains as compared to priority-agnostic fragmentation. Distortion due to channel errors can be alleviated by assigning stronger channel code rates, at the cost of reduced rate for source coding. Besides MAC layer fragmentation, aggregating H.264/AVC slices at the APP layer to form video packets with sizes adapted to their importance can also improve transmission reliability. We present a cross-layer dynamic programming (DP) approach to minimize the expected received video distortion by jointly addressing the priority-adaptive packet formation at the APP layer and rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code rate allocation at the physical layer for pre-encoded prioritized slices of each group of pictures (GOP). Our scheme discards some low priority slices in order to improve protection to more important slices and meet the channel bitrate limitations, whenever necessary. Simulation results show that our proposed approach significantly improves received video quality compared to other error protection schemes. Further, we extend our cross-layer DP-based scheme to slices of each frame by predicting the expected channel bit budget per frame for real-time transmission. The prediction uses a generalized linear model developed over the parameters - CMSE per frame, channel SNR, and normalized compressed frame bit budget determined over a video dataset that spans high, medium and low motion complexity. This predicted frame bit budget is used to derive the packet sizes and their corresponding RCPC code rates for transmission using our DP-based approach. Simulation results show good correlation with the results of our DP-based scheme applied over the GOP. Unique characteristics of video traffic, such as the temporal and spatial dependencies between different video frames and their deadline constraints, pose a challenge in supporting the video quality rendered to the clients over time- varying, bandwidth-limited channels. Scalable Video Coding (H.264/SVC) enables the transmission and decoding of partial bit streams to provide video services with lower temporal or spatial resolutions or reduced fidelity while retaining a reconstruction quality that is high relative to the rate of the partial bit streams. We propose a sliding-window based flow control for scheduling the network abstraction layer (NAL) units in the post-encoding buffer of the streaming server for a real-time scalable video transmission scenario over a fast time-varying channel. Our scheduling scheme considers the importance of the NAL unit in terms of (i ) its CMSE distortion contributed to the received video quality, (ii ) its size in bits, and (iii ) its time-to-expiry in seconds. The scheduling problem of determining the appropriate order of transmission is formulated as a 0-1 knapsack problem and a DP solution is proposed which runs in polynomial time. Our scheduling approach significantly reduces the number of whole frames discarded as compared to (a) a CMSE-based scheme which considers the importance of the NAL units only in terms of their CMSE contribution, and (b) the earliest deadline first scheme which minimizes the dwelling time of the NAL units in the post-encoding buffer. Simulation results show significant PSNR gains for different video sequences at different pre-roll delays


In the midst of military conflict and disruption, the eighteenth century witnessed a significant stage in the formation of the social order of modern India. This chapter starts by examining the changes in the imperial hegemony during the eighteenth century, then moves to the petty kingdoms and finally to the magnates of the villages who controlled production. A discussion of the Indian economy and society in the eighteenth century follows. Yet these divisions only constitute a device for organising themes. Developments at all these levels and in all these domains were linked. All powers seeking to establish their rule in eighteenth-century India needed to acquire imperial titles and rights. The spirit and forms of Mughal provincial government changed only slowly. The regional power-holders also inherited the problems of previous Mughal governors. The great non-Muslim warrior states, Marathas Sikhs and Jats, represented something more than simple devolutions of Mughal power to the provinces.


The legend of the cyclops has been a part of international folklore for centuries. Yet, we do not fully understand the developmental genetic basis for cyclopia. Daphnia magna, a water flea, is a naturally occurring cyclops which can serve as a model to study this phenomenon. In this study tools were created to examine the role of the engrailed gene in Daphnia eye development. In Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), silencing of the engrailed gene affects segmentation during early development. Additional studies suggest that engrailed is one candidate gene involved in eye field development. To understand the role of engrailed in Daphnia development, we sought to knockdown the gene's expression using RNA interference (RNAi). Using the online databases Uniprot and the wFleaBase we acquired the D. magna hedgehog mRNA sequence. Using this sequence we designed primers to amplify portions of the D. magna engrailed gene. Engrailed gene PCR products were then cloned into the pGC‐Blue vector. Work continues to clone the engrailed insert into the RNAi feeding vector L4440. The L4440 plasmid will be transformed into HT115 E.coli and fed to Daphnia. Future work will also include qPCR studies of the engrailed gene expression during key time‐points in Daphnia eye development and following RNAi knockdown. In summary, through this work tools are being developed to study the role of engrailed in cyclopean eye development. We believe that by leveraging in our studies, Daphnia magna, a true cyclopean organism that evolution built, we can gain a deeper understanding of the developmental genetic basis for midline disorders.


Most members of the ASCC met at the AACP Leadership Retreat in Alexandria, VA on Saturday, April 5th. A number of items were discussed at this meeting, including review of the Council of Sections (COS) Standing Rules and Procedures (attached), discussion of activities planned for the 2008 Annual Meeting, discussion of joint section membership, and planning for 2009 activities of the COS.


How did I enter this conversation? Jim Scheurich, who is, as I now understand, a part of the first wave of whiteness scholarship, found me, at times, wild and unfaithful to the etiquette of 'watch your tone' and 'making it safe' in faculty meetings. Too many times, he has caught me in the midst of despair over white fragility. He invited me to contribute, and I accepted with the understanding that I bring a specific perspective to this conversation as a black female clinical professor in teacher education who has a doctoral degree in Curriculum and Instruction and much informal education on whiteness. I'm grateful for this white sponsorship, where exposure to a particular resource or space is explicitly tied to the white ally. Appropriately acknowledging the immediate benefit and damage of privilege loosens the grip that the fallacies of American meritocracy and exceptionalism continues to have on equity. But lest I forget that whatever access I have here pales in comparison to what black scholars endured for me in fighting to think, write, say and do before Scheurich wrote his first article about anti-racism (Clark & Brown, 1990; Hurston, 1928; Morrison, 1993; Woodson, 1933; Wright, 1940). Any discussions of whiteness in my mind should come with some disclaimers on how you entered, why you stay or decide to leave the conversation. Who wants to talk about racism? Why? Frankly, whiteness onto itself is painful to me and yet compelling. I am restless about it all day long and still trying to figure out the best way I can fight it. Professionally, I spend a great deal of time wondering if teacher education is a real vehicle for social change and if teacher education is really ready to draw the direct line from our coursework and field experiences to what is actually happening in the classrooms across the nation. We join the conversation around the integrity and reform of teacher preparation through what Giroux (1988) called 'a discourse that unites the language of critique with the language of possibility' that is required among a critical mass of teacher activists (p. 128). Furthermore, classroom teachers are not cited regularly in public media as influences for policy brutality, current day black church bombings, and anti-immigrant sentiment. Troubled home lives, undiagnosed mental illness, and hanging out with the wrong crowd are the culprits for hate crimes, not exposure to racist ideology. We have to be transparent about our understanding of the insidious nature of racism-that silences and kills. What institutions interrupt the avoidance of such conversations and sufficiently support the work required to eliminate racism-public schools and universities? While I can easily scoff at institutions of whiteness, I am prodded by Taliaferro Baszile's (2008) cautionary stance for a racialized self-understanding that might reveal the dominant discourse I uphold in my own work and my own reflection on teaching and teacher education. A research project led by Dr. Robin Hughes and Russ Skiba that exposed the horrific dispositions toward black families and inequities in classroom disciplinary practices was the jolt I needed. Before the project, I was starting to settle into that problematic hope and ignoring the smuggled privilege wrapped in what looked like universal good for students that Bell (1995) had already cautioned as the antithesis to fighting racism (p. 901). Nonetheless, I have gained much insight from reviewing the collection of writing on whiteness. While there is agreement among the authors that there is a distinction between the first wave and second wave whiteness studies, there is a unified theme to not minimize the consequences of inhaling racist air, which is a real threat to anyone breathing. In this compilation, there is a sense of urgency to


The article analyzes the main pre-acquisitions of high school graduates in the field of programming and presents the statistics of the results of the initial testing of future computer scientists.


The legal procedures undertaken by Indonesia during the trial of Amrozi bin Nurhasyim, prosecuted for his role in the Bali bombings, are presented. The manner in which Indonesia used normal public criminal processes to firmly tackle politico/religious terror is appreciated.


The mechanism of the structural transformation in Fe304 during its Verwey transition at 120 K is not completely understood, partly due to the lack of knowledge of the details of the local structure around different Fe atoms in the unit cell. In our experiment, this information was obtained at room temperature using Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS) technique which has the ability to separately solve the local structures around the octahedral and tetrahedral sites in the spinel structure of magnetite. An iterative dispersion integral algorithm was used to isolate f and f ' from the DAFS intensity and structural information was obtained from f ' using standard XAFS analysis methods. Relevance of our results to different models of Verwey transition is discussed.


Hexagonal torus networks are special family of Eisenstein-Jacobi (EJ) networks which have gained popularity as good candidates network On-Chip (NoC) for interconnecting Multiprocessor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs). They showed better topological properties compared to the 2D torus networks with the same number of nodes. All-to-all broadcast is a collective communication algorithm used frequently in some parallel applications. Recently, an off-chip all-to-all broadcast algorithm has been proposed for hexagonal torus networks assuming half-duplex links and all-ports communication. The proposed all-to-all broadcast algorithm does not achieve the minimum transmission time and requires 24 kextra buffers, where kis the network diameter. We first extend this work by proposing an efficient all-to-all broadcast on hexagonal torus networks under full-duplex links and all-ports communications assumptions which achieves the minimum transmission delay but requires 36 k extra buffers per router. In a second stage, we develop a new all-to-all broadcast more suitable for hexagonal torus network on-chip that achieves optimal transmission delay time without requiring any extra buffers per router. By reducing the amount of buffer space, the new all-to-all broadcast reduces the routers cost which is an important issue in NoCs architectures.


Recent research has provided us with detailed knowledge of the biochemical characteristics by which cancer cells differ from their normal progenitor cells. This has led to a conceptual shift in anticancer drug development, and compounds have been developed that selectively target these specific biochemical processes. One such target is the protooncoprotein p21-Ras, which plays a central role as signal transducer in mitogenic signaling pathways "downstream" of receptor-protein-tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Ras is mutationally activated in a wide range of human cancers and as such is presumed to play a significant role in the malignant phenotype of these cancers. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI) inhibit the posttranslational processing of Ras, and treatment of MMTV-H-ras transgenic mice with mammary and salivary tumors with the FTI L-744,832 resulted in dramatic regression of the tumors due to induction of apoptosis and/or G1 cell cycle arrest depending on the presence and nature of additional genetic alterations.1,2 In breast cancer, Ras is rarely mutated; however, it is presumed to play a significant role as transducer of mitogenic signals from tyrosine-kinase receptors (e.g., EGF receptor), which are activated because of mutation, gene amplification, or overexpression of ligands for the receptors (e.g., TGFα).


Since the enactment of Law No. 6/2014 on Villages regarding the development system which emphasizes to the existence of society involvement in all parts of development. This paradigm is known as participatory development which provides a great opportunity for the society to determine the direction of development in their environment, including in the part of infrastructure fulfillment. Wiyu Village is one of the villages in Mojokerto Regency that uses the society's participatory role in implementing development in the form of involvement in making decision through deliberation forums and the implementation of development itself. However, the involvement of the society in the development is still not optimal until now, it can be indicated by many society proposals that are not realized in development and the emergence of conditions in which the society acts in groups without village government intervention in one of the realization of development that is needed by the society.
The purpose of this study is to determine the participation of Wiyu villagers, Mojokerto regency in the involvement of society infrastructure development on development has been realized in the budget year of 2018. By using the theory of Yadav's level of participation, this study is expected to describe the extent of the level of community participation in infrastructure development that has been realized in 2018. Furthermore, the researcher using Keith Davis's theory to find out the forms of participation that the community provides as a form of community support for the development of the infrastructure. While the Soetrisno theory is used as the basis for measuring factors that influence community participation in development.
The results of this study indicate that the majority of the level of village community participation in infrastructure development is relatively high, starting from the stage of decision making, implementation, monitoring and utilization of development outcomes. But at the stage of monitoring and utilizing the results in one of the developments it is still considered low because the development is fairly in line with the expectations of the village community. The purpose of this study is to be able to find out the level, form and factors that influence village community participation in village infrastructure development.


The invention discloses a preparation method for a carbon fiber material for a bicycle frame. The preparation method comprises: firstly, adding polymethyl methacrylate, carbon fibers, dibutyl sebacate, polyimide, zinc oxide powder and graphene into a mixer, heating and stirring the materials, and discharging and cooling the materials; adding the cooled materials into a twin-screw extrusion pelletizer to extrude, and stirring and mixing obtained particles A with aluminium stearate, a coupling agent, a curing agent, polyvinyl acetate and ethyl acetoacetate to obtain a mixture; and finally, adding the mixture into a single-screw extruder to carry out hot melting and extruding, thereby obtaining the carbon fiber material. The composite material prepared by the preparation method has great strength, light weight, tensile strength higher than that of a titanium alloy, density which is far lower than that of the aluminum alloy, good impact absorption, and can be used for manufacturing a bicycle without a shock absorber.


Includes descriptive metadata provided by producer in MP3 file: "Vanderbilt Athletics Podcast - Play of the Game vs. Tennessee - 11/22/08 - Listen to Joe Fisher's call of Reshard Langford's touchdown during Vanderbilt's 20-10 loss to Tennessee." By CBS College Sports.


E-mail: email@example.com (J.-M. Kim); firstname.lastname@example.com (C. W. Lee)Received December 30, 2012, Accepted January 30, 2013Key Words : Fluorescence patterning, Precursor approach, Indigo, Polymer filmHerein, we report a new approach to the generation ofpatterned fluorescence images in polymer film using indigoprecursors as latent imaging materials. Fabrication of fluore-scence patterns is of great technological importance in avariety of fields including sensor, display and electronicindustries.


This paper describes an exploratory methodology used to study the national scale issues of population growth and infrastructure implementation across the UK. The project was carried out for the Government Office for Science in 2015, focussing on two key questions: how could a "spatially driven" scenario provoke new thinking on accommodating forecast growth, and; what would be the impact of transport infrastructure investments within this context. Addressing these questions required the construction of a national scale spatial model that also needed to integrate datasets on population and employment. Models were analysed and profiled initially to identify existing relationships between the distribution of population and employment against the spatial network. Based on these profiles, an experimental methodology was used to firstly identify cities with the potential to accommodate growth, then secondly to allocate additional population proportionally. This raises important questions for discussion around which cities provide the benchmark for growth and why, as well as what the optimal spatial conditions for population growth may be, and how this growth should be accommodated locally. Later the model was used to study the impact of High Speed Rail. As these proposed infrastructure changes improve service (capacity, frequency, journey time), rather than creating new topological connections, the model was adapted to be able to produce time based catchments as an output. These catchments could then be expressed in terms of the workforce population within an hour of every city (a potential travel to work area), as well as the number of employment opportunities within an hour of every household.


The inter-relationships between fifteen quantitative characters of spring oilseed rape were computed using four "free erucic acid" cultivars viz. Callypso, Semit 2080, Semu DNK 203/84 and Semu 304, grown under two different distances between drill rows (16 and 32 cm) and three population densities (30, 60 and 90 plants/m2). The experiments were carried out in Kiel, West Germany, in 1986 and 1987 seasons.

Positive and highly significant values were obtained in the two seasons between seed yield per plant and the characters: dry matter (DM) per plant, per main stem and per branches, number of branches, siliqua per plant or per branches and yield per branches. All the characters that showed strong association with yield/plant behaved in a similar way and similar magnitudes with yield/branches. By contrast, yield/main stem showed different magnitudes in the two years with the previous characters and the association was weak or absent in most cases.

Seed index and the quality traits (oil and protein %) did not correlate significantly with the majority of the characters studied. Only the association between DM/main stem and protein content showed highly significant negative values in both seasons.

Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of siliqua per plant had the highest direct effect on seed yield/plant in both years. The source character (DM) affected yield/plant indirectly through number of siliqua per plant and the indirect contribution was high m both years.


When I was in graduate school my professors told me that fieldwork could be adventurous, but forgot to tell me it could also be hazardous. Of interest here is the issue of how pitching a tent, somewhat figuratively speaking, on terror prone foreign soil can illustrate practical out-of-classroom anthropology and offer career directions that should not necessarily be discounted outright because of potential hazards. After all, one would not expect a young physician to avoid entering a hospital for dread of contracting a disease. In 1980, when I first began looking at how Filipino rice farmers solved their disputes out-of-court, I had no idea that such fieldwork could actually involve risk to life and limb.


Abstract. In this paper, an algorithm for calculating rubber-metal silent blocks (hinges) under the action of a lateral quasi-static load is presented. Silent blocks of a welded type made of new brands of rubbers, which are widely used in vibration machines of various types as elastic links, are considered. A calculation is given for a very long hinge, for which the length is large compared to its outer diameter. In the calculation, it was assumed that there are no axial displacements, and the angular and radial displacements can be represented as a product of arbitrary functions of the radial coordinate and the sine and cosine of the angular coordinate, respectively. The relationship between these functions is obtained from the condition of rubber incompressibility. From the condition of the minimum total energy of the system, we have a linear inhomogeneous differential equation of the third order for one of these functions. By solving it under known boundary conditions, we obtain final expressions for the radial and angular displacement, and, consequently, for the displacement of the inner cage. With taking these expressions into account, a solution was also obtained for the hinge, the length of which cannot be considered infinite in comparison with its diameter. In this case, axial displacements should also be considered. Besides, it is assumed that the functions of the radial coordinate for the radial and angular displacement can be represented as a linear combination of the corresponding functions for the long hinge. The corresponding function for axial displacement can be found from the condition of volume constancy. The linear combination coefficients are obtained from a system of two linear algebraic equations, to which the minimum condition for the total energy of the system leads. The exact expression for the movement for the short hinge is rather cumbersome. But for the most common sizes of rubber-metal hinges, you can use a series expansion of the expression for displacement and thus get a fairly simple formula. By comparing the resulting expression with the expression for displacement of the long hinge, you can see that the formula for the infinitely long hinge can only be used if a certain condition is met that binds the dimensions of the hinge. At the end of the paper, an example of calculating a rubber-metal element ШРМ-102, which is under the action of a radial load, is given. The rubber layer in it is made of a new medium-filled rubber made of natural rubber. The obtained value of the displacement of the inner cage is in good agreement with the experimental data.


There is a strong aetiological association between achalasia and squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus, particularly of the middle third. Until now all reported cases have been of advanced tumours, 80% of which have been found unsuitable for resection. We report the first case of squamous carcinoma in situ in a patient with achalasia. It is reasonable to suppose that all tumours go through this "early" stage and that prompt detection may lead to higher resection rates and improved survival.


Amendment V.13.B.b to the approved closure plan (DOE-RL 1995a) requires that a soil sampling and analysis plan be prepared and submitted to the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) for review and approval. Amendment V.13.B.c requires that a diagram of the 3718-F Alkali Metal Treatment and Storage Facility unit (the treatment, storage, and disposal [TSD] unit) boundary that is to be closed, including the maximum extent of operation, be prepared and submitted as part is of the soil sampling and analysis plan. This document describes the sampling and analysis that is to be performed in response to these requirements and amends the closure plan. Specifically, this document supersedes Section 6.2, lines 43--46, and Section 7.3.6 of the closure plan. Results from the analysis will be compared to cleanup levels identified in the closure plan. These cleanup levels will be established using residential exposure assumptions in accordance with the Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA) Cleanup Regulation (Washington Administrative Code [WAC] 173-340) as required in Amendment V.13.B.I. Results of all sampling, including the raw analytical data, a summary of analytical results, a data validation package, and a narrative summary with conclusions will be provided to Ecology as specified in Amendment V.13.B.e. Themore » results and process used to collect and analyze the soil samples will be certified by a licensed professional engineer. These results and a certificate of closure for the balance of the TSD unit, as outlined in Chapter 7.0 of the approved closure plan (storage shed, concrete pad, burn building, scrubber, and reaction tanks), will provide the basis for a closure determination.« less


Cultural landscapes in Southern Transylvania, Romania, are known for their high natural and cultural diversity and for a tight co-evolution between rural communities and local ecosystems. Small scale, low intensity farming persists in the valleys, supporting high biodiversity and providing diverse ecosystem services. In the last 70 years, Southern Transylvania has been affected by rapid social, cultural and economic changes that put many valued elements of its landscapes under threat. Since Romania's accession to the European Union (2007), Transylvania has been facing the choice between development based on "production for profit", versus a relatively untested development based on conservation, landscape multifunctionality and sustainability. In this context of contradictory development pathways, clarifying the viewpoints and preferences of local people is important. We undertook a photograph-based study using the Q methodology – interviewing 129 residents from 30 villages – to understand what locals think and value about their landscapes. Our results revealed five different archetypes of the existing landscape preferences (factors), and their preferred roles for human well-being. Individuals associated with the first factor, "Prosperity", would like to see signs of wealth and economic growth. By adopting a productivity logic disregardful of natural and cultural values, they seemed most determined to adopt any means or technologies in order to achieve economic growth. These individuals also had the power and interest to actively contribute towards such modernization, because many managed or controlled relatively large areas of land. People sharing the second landscape preference, "Traditions", were most committed to maintaining the cultural identity of the landscapes, and were actively seeking a balanced relationship between human intervention and nature. Diversity in use was particularly important to them, in order to balance the provision of multiple services, including cultural benefits and sense of place, with economic development. People loading on the third factor, "Human benefit" recognized dependence on nature for basic human needs such as food and clean water but also for income generating activities such as day labor. They highly appreciated the role of landscape as a space for leisure activities and community celebrations. For people sharing the fourth preference, "Farming", landscapes were spaces for agriculture and other practical uses of the environment. They were directly shaping and being dependent on the landscape for financial gain, making their deep involvement with the landscape obvious. Finally, people having a "Nature" landscape preference, expressed high appreciation for greenery-dominated landscapes and their overall aesthetics and naturalness. These individuals grouped under the fifth factor mostly cared about nature and their relationship with it, and they shared a general concern for the degradation of ecosystem services, in particular


To study the relationship between the size of the lipid‐rich necrotic core measured by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and the level of plaque vascularization measured by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, in human carotid plaques. Further, to compare the size of lipid‐rich necrotic core from MRI to plaque echogenicity.


We consider short pulse propagating in a thin slab waveguide of optically dense persistent hole burning medium. Considerable slowing of group velocity occurs if narrow hole is created in advance in the inhomogeneous absorption spectrum. © 2006 OSA/SL 2006.


India is currently negotiating a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union, which includes not only liberalization of commodity trading, but also a wide range of chapters including deep services trade liberalization, full investment liberalization, and stricter IPR conditions than the TRIPS norms. An analysis and evaluation of health impacts of this FTA on Indian women is necessary. The need to indicate suitable policy interventions, both in the trade agreement and in the domestic socio economic environment, to maintain and encourage women's access to health and healthcare, is undeniable. This study is an attempt to provide such an analysis in simple terms. [Paper II].


Prospects for SO(10) as a minimal grand unification group have recently been heightened by several considerations such as the MSW resolution of the solar neutrino puzzle, baryogenesis, possibility for understanding fermion masses etc. I review the present status of the minimal SO(10) models with special emphasis on the predictions for proton lifetime and predictions for neutrino masses for the non-supersymmetric case and discuss some preliminary results for the supersymmetric case. It was generally believed that minimal SO(10) models predict wrong mass relations between the charged fermions of the first and second generations; furthermore, while the smallness of the neutrino masses in these models arises from the see-saw mechanism, it used to be thought that detailed predictions for neutrino masses and mixings require further adhoc assumptions. In this talk, I report some recent work with K.S.Babu, where we discovered that the minimal SO(10) model, both with and without SUSY, has in it a built-in mechanism that not only corrects the bad mass relations between the charged fermions but at the same time allows a complete prediction for the masses and mixings in the neutrino sector. We define our minimal model as the one that consists of the smallest set of Higgs multiplets that are needed for gauge symmetry breaking. Our result is based on the hypothesis that the complex {\bf 10} of Higgs bosons has only a single coupling to the fermions. This hypothesis is guaranteed in supersymmetric models and in non-SUSY models that obey a softly broken Peccei-Quinn symmetry.


The invention provides a data security validation method which comprises receiving cryptographic safety verification passwords sent by terminal equipment; deciphering the safety verification passwords; verifying the deciphered safety verification passwords according to preset passwords; and sending verification results to the terminal equipment to enable the terminal equipment to operate according to the verification results. The safety verification passwords sent by the terminal equipment are encrypted through a public key and deciphered through a private key. The public key is international mobile equipment identity numbers of a mobile terminal, and the private key is passwords generated by combining the international mobile equipment identity numbers of the mobile terminal and operation of super activation time of the terminal equipment and mobile equipment. The data security validation method can save equipment resources, strengthen safety guarantee and remove crack possibility.


Liang Shuming was influenced by Liang Qichao in his early years but their association only began in 1920.The emergence of Liang Shuming's father's book Fu Luan Lu in 1925 deepened the sentiments between the two as disciple and mentor.Their academic connection was embodied in their appreciation of Bergson's philosophy of life,common views on Chinese and Western culture and the advocacy of the study of the mind.Liang Shuming held Liang Qichao in high estimation,but did not hide his shortcomings,which is conducive to a comprehensive understanding of Liang Qichao.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of preparing concrete which simultaneously satisfies the functions (1) to (5): (1) suppression of an increase in the amount of a high-performance water reducer or a high-performance AE water reducer used to attain necessary fluidity, (2) prevention of loss of fluidity (slump loss) with time, (3) suppression of an increase in the amount of an AE agent used to attain a necessary entrained air amount, (4) impartment of high resistance to freeze-thaw to the obtained set body, and (5) impartation of sufficient strengths to the obtained set body, even when fly ash containing a high concentration of unburnt carbon is used in concrete preparation. SOLUTION: In preparing concrete by using fly ash containing a high concentration of unburnt carbon, a specified admixture being to contain a specified graft copolymer and/or a salt thereof, a specified organic amine/ethylene oxide adduct, and a specified organic phosphoric acid ester in a specified ratio is used in an amount of 0.1-3 pts.mass per 100 pts.mass cement. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


The present invention relates to a composition comprising, in a medium appropriate for dyeing a) at least one oxidation base and / or at least one direct dye and b) at least one particular hydroxycarboxylic acid or a sels.Elle has likewise relates to a ready to-use composition comprising the above composition and a oxydant.L'invention relates to a keratin fiber dyeing process, comprising applying onto said fibers a composition according to the invention and optionally an oxidizing composition, the latter being mixed extemporaneously before use or applied successively; allowed to stand for a time sufficient to obtain the desired coloration; the fibers are rinsed to remove the composition according to the invention and optionally the oxidizing composition; optionally washing the fibers are rinsed after each washing and optionally, the seche.Elle finally relates to a device for carrying out the method.


Milk is produced in different parts of the world with different specificities depending on the climate, cultures and economy of the considered area. Among produced milks, those coming from cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, mare, camel, donkey, reindeer and yak are the most consumed by Human. All milks are described as white and neutral liquids containing proteins, fat, lactose, vitamins and minerals. However, the quantities and qualities of these compounds depend on the considered species. As consequence of these differences, their nutritional and technological properties are different. Even if the knowledge concerning these different mils increases, research to understand more precisely their compositions and also their behaviours to transformation in dairy products is necessary to develop new products.


Due to the importance of yield monitoring, researchers have been developing systems for crops such as tomatoes, forage, sugar cane, citrus, and coffee. A yield monitoring system for pull type dry edible beans harvester has not yet been developed. The goal of this project was to design and test a drive torque measurement device on a clean grain bucket elevator of a dry bean harvester, and evaluate its potential to be used as a mass flow sensor. Tests were conducted in the Yield Monitor Test Facility (YMTF) of University of Kentucky following the recommendation of ASABE Standard S578 (2007) The device was tested within the flow rate range of 0 to 3.4 kg/s. The largest flow rate errors were ±4.2% at 3.3 kg/s and ±4% at 1.6 kg/s. The average accumulated mass errors of the sensor were less than 3.1% and the maximum accumulated error was 4.9% at a flow rate of 1.8 kg/s.


Purpose. The increasing importance of online reviews in hospitality and tourism has been widely assessed. A specific stream of research has addressed the motivations to write online reviews, highlighting the effects of both altruistic and egoistic motivations. In fact, some guests write reviews mainly for altruistic reasons such as the desire to help others, not only other customers but also the firms (hotels and restaurants in particular). Other guests post reviews mainly for egoistic motives such as to relive the experience but also to wreak revenge on hotels/restaurants. However, up to now the effects of these different motivations on online reviews writing behaviour have not been fully explored. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to fill this gap by examining the effects of altruistic and egoistic motivations on the frequency of writing online reviews. Methodology. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey among a sample of Italian hotels' and restaurants' guests. A convenience sampling technique was used. Data were then analysed through a linear regression. Findings. The results reveal that not all altruistic and egoistic motivations have significant effects. In detail, helping other customers (altruistic motivation), enjoyment and wreak revenge on hotels/restaurants (egoistic motivations) influence the frequency of writing online reviews. Practical implications. The research presents practical implications for hotel and restaurant managers. In particular, to increase the number of online reviews for their hotels or restaurants, managers should focus on guests' willingness to help others but not on the willingness to help the hotel or the restaurant. Originality/value. The analysis of the literature showed the absence of evidence about the effects of altruistic and egoistic motivations on the frequency of writing online reviews. This is an attempt to fill this gap.


The advance on the stability and demulsification of crude oil-water emulsions was reviewed.The principal factors controlling the emulsion stability,interfacial film,interfacial tension,double electricity layer,steric hindrance,solid particles,liquid crystals,oil phase solubility,continuous phase viscousity,were summarized.The novel technology and method used to Study the stability and demulsification of emulsion were dicussed too.


In this paper we initiate quasi‐dissociate and parallelepiped sets on locally compact hypergroups and study their properties. Also we find quasi‐dissociate and parallelepiped subsets of some important class of hypergroups.


1. There are few subjects in Geology more fascinating than the study of the physical features of the earth's surface in remote periods of its history. Such studies are perhaps usually successful when pressed no further back than Post-Tertiary or Pliocene time, since which in our islands, the development of their scenery has proceeded continuously on the same general lines, in spite of the severity of the Glacial episode. But the scenery of periods so remote that since their time great earth-movements have occurred (and all, or nearly all, of the British area has been submerged, and buried under fresh loads of sedimentary rock) can, for the most part, be but dimly imagined, and we find that the bare outlines of land and water, and that, too, in the vaguest generalities, are all we can discern. So much has been obliterated by waste, so much lies yet deeply buried; and the very lie of high and low land is so easily distorted by even a very moderate movement of the earth's crust. Still, the preservation of scenery is a question of accident rather than of age; as is strikingly shown by recent discoveries in the Torridon Sandstone in the north-west Highlands, and also in certain portions of the Old Red Sandstone in Scotland. A happy concurrence of circumstances has given us a glimpse of an episode in the scenery of the Triassic Period in the region that is now North Somerset, and to this I propose to draw your attention


The SARS‐CoV‐2 set off a pandemic involving millions of people around the world. The topic of discussion is the possible viral detection in different body fluids than respiratory droplets. Therefore, we evaluated the possible presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in semen and urine samples. Thirty patients were included in the study aged 35.67 ± 6.84 years. The day after the pharyngeal and/or nose swab of SARS‐CoV‐2 was positive, urine and semen samples were taken from patients, and the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 was investigated. Laboratory tests and chest CT findings were evaluated simultaneously. SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in four (13.3%) patients' semen samples and in seven (23.3%) patients' urine samples. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, C‐reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and procalcitonin were significantly higher in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 in semen (p < .05), though no statistical difference was found in urine (p > .05). Patients with severe pneumonia findings in Chest CT images are likely to be PCR positive in semen and urine samples (p = .005, p = .001). SARS‐CoV‐2 was not detected in urine and semen samples of patients after they had recovered (average duration 23 ± 4 days). SARS‐CoV‐2 can be detected in the urogenıtal fluıds of patients with severe clinical conditions and high viral load.


This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of glycerin magnesia on some bacteria. A thirty percent of glycerin magnesia were prepared as explained below. Many types of bacteria including Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. were selected for this study and obtained from university of Tikrit, college of veterinary medicine. A bacterial broth were prepared, a then a sterile swab were emulsify in these broth and streaked on muller hinton agar plate and allowed till dry, then a holes were filled with a given glycerin magnesia and incubated for 24hrs. at 37̊C . The results showed that a higher antibacterial effects of glycerin magnesia against Staphylococcus aureus followed by Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Acinitobacter, E. coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively. In conclusion, the glycerin magnesia have a wide range antibacterial effect and can be used in future in wound healing.


1. The Idea of Hellenic Harmony 2. Deliberate Conflict: Some Recent Philosophical Concepts 3. Imperatives in Greek Ethics 4. The City-State in Greek Ethics 5. Individual Good and Deliberatice Conflict Through the Time of Plato 6. Individual Good and Deliberative Conflict in Aristotle 7. Conflict and Individual Good in Hellenistic Ethics 8. Towards an Understanding of the History of Greek Ethics Bibliography, Index


Dysphagia caused by pharyngo‐upper esophageal stricture is a complication of treatment for head and neck cancer. Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is in widespread use as an effective and safe treatment for stricture in many areas of the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of EBD for pharyngo‐upper esophageal strictures that developed after treatment for head and neck cancer.


Photo of John Schuster standing against a wall. Schuster was the speaker for a workshop on managing online resources during the 49th annual CSLA conference that was held at Kent State University from June 27-29 in 2016.


In today's society, infrastructure and economic systems have become more complex and highly coupled. Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, have the potential to cause physical disruptions to an infrastructure system (e.g., a damaged highway), which consequently affects workforce availability. Workforce disruptions in the aftermath of a hurricane can adversely impact regional economic productivity as workforce contributes significantly in the production of commodities and delivery of services. Furthermore, the recovery process is further exacerbated by the inherent interdependencies among economic sectors, which give rise to direct and indirect economic losses in the affected regional economy. This paper investigates the effects of reduced workforce levels on the production outputs of industry sectors in the aftermath of a hurricane. The risk-based framework in this research allows the decomposition of risk assessment and risk management processes to address risk-related questions pertaining to hurricane scenarios. This paper develops a workforce recovery model to assess workforce disruption scenarios in the aftermath of a hurricane. This is accomplished by accounting regional data and historical scenarios associated with the formulation of the workforce disruption model. The process includes translating workforce absenteeism into production losses, noting that workforce absenteeism can affect the quality and availability of products and services provided by the industry sectors. The extended methodology is capable of identifying critical workforce sectors on the basis of two metrics: (i) inoperability, which measures the "normalized loss" of each sector as a proportion of its total production output; and (ii) economic loss, which measures the monetary worth of the reduced production of an industry sector. The enhancements to the DIIM formulation are incorporated into a decision support tool and then applied to a case study to implement various hurricane scenarios for the Commonwealth of Virginia. The objective of the case study is to illustrate the impacts of different hurricane categories on Virginia's workforce availability and its cascading effects to the regional economy. Furthermore, the identification of such critical sectors supports the decision-making process by narrowing the focus on sectors that incur the greatest production losses due to workforce unavailability. Given the uncertainty involved in modeling the reductions in workforce availability, this research offers a risk-based framework that can guide the process of assessing and managing hurricane impacts on regional interdependent systems.


We present very fast radiative transfer tools of interest for the interpretation of future spectroscopic observations taken with the GTC and its post-focus instrumentation. Our radiative transfer codes are based on the iterative methods introduced by Trujillo Bueno & Fabiani Bendicho (1995). Taking into consideration spherical geometry and macroscopic velocity elds, we present results from the application of these fast radiative transfer methods. We show why it is of interest to develop a medium{high resolution spectrograph in order to be able to resolve the rotational structure of the molecular bands. We show some spectropolarimetric observations made with the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter (TIP), developed at the IAC and the theoretical modeling done with the theoretical tools we have developed.


Breaking occurred in shell bottom in FE simulation of one step hot drawing forming cambered shell,which has been proved in test of forming.Improvement o f technology using two step drawing forming has been done and proved to be feas ible by results,which was proper verified in comparison test,of simulation whi ch has thus shown its guidance in technology flow planning and die design for in crease in work efficiency and reduction of cost.


During the various interventions carried out on the site of Porto do Sabugueiro, more than two hundred amphora fragments of the Iron Age or pre-Roman tradition were collected. This is an important assemblage in the regional context, not only because of the typological variety of local / regional productions (Types 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Tagus estuary) but also by the diversity of fabrics we were able to identify, revealing the complexity of the networks of production and circulation of amphorae containers inside the Tagus estuary. The importance of this set also lies in the presence of a considerable group of imported fragments from the south of the Iberian Peninsula (Ramon Torres type 10.1.1.1, type Pellicer B/C, type Pellicer D and Ramon Torres 220.127.116.11), which are not frequent in the regional context, and is discussed in detail


We present a system that creates pair-wise cosine and arccosine sentence similarity matrices using multilingual sentence embeddings obtained from pre-trained SBERT and Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) models respectively. For each news article sentence, it searches the most similar sentence from the other article and computes an average score. Further, a convolutional neural network calculates a total similarity score for the article pairs on these matrices. Finally, a random forest regressor merges the previous results to a final score that can optionally be extended with a publishing date score.


Boston Medical Center/Boston University Medical Campus recently reduced certain requirements for human subjects research where this could be done without adversely affecting the rights and welfare of participants, in anticipation of changes in the Final Common Rule. Modifications affected exempt and expedited categories, approval periods, ceding review, Quality Improvement/Quality Assessment activities, and some requirements for pregnant women, prisoners, and children. This case study may assist other institutions in responding to the Final Common Rule.


Objective To assess the minimum local anaesthetic dose(MLAD) of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for appendectomy.Methods Fourty ASA I-II patients undergoing appendectomy were randomly assigned to 2 groups(20 patients in every group): ropivacaine group and bupivacaine group,using combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia.Epidural catheter was inserted cephalad 4 cm into the epidural space at T12-L1 intervertebral space firstly,5 g·L-1 ropivacaine or bupivacaine were injected into subarachnoind respectively,using the technique of up-and-down sequential allocation.The MLAD was calculated by the Dixon method.Results and conclusion The MLAD of ropivacaine was 15.74 mg(95% CI,14.69~16.87 mg) and that of bupivacaine was 11.48 mg(95% CI,10.66~12.38 mg).


Purpose – The public activity of controlling land use is exerted through the planning process. The purpose of this paper is to examine how housing developers perceive different aspects of the planning process, and if these perceptions might act as a constraint for the development of new housing projects.Design/methodology/approach – A survey, based on a questionnaire, has been conducted with housing development companies having at least one project initiated during the period 2001‐2004 and with municipal housing companies with responsibility for providing affordable rental housing. The study focused on the assertions contained in the questionnaire, which were measured statistically with a t‐test, to establish if the respondents agreed with the stated assertions. Additional information was achieved from factual and open questions to the respondents of the survey.Findings – The study shows that the housing developers do perceive the planning process as a factor of uncertainty in the development of new housi...


The inducibility of pulmonary microsomal enzymes and the biological effects of chronic induction by 5-6 benzoflavone and methylcholanthrene were compared in normal and precancerous rats. Two important points were shown out: a dose of 6000 WLM resulted in a permanent modification of the pulmonary microsomal enzymatic pool and 5-6 benzoflavon was a strong co-factor of radiation induced carcinogenesis. This synergistic action was demonstrated by a much shorter latency, moreover neo-formed tissue and epidermoid cancers with a particular morphology were observed. In all the cases cancers appeared within 100 days following the beginning of the chemical treatment.