Inter-subject coregistration is a powerful neuroimaging technique that enables comparison and detection of morphological differences across groups of subjects. The present study uses digital phantoms to evaluate errors in two widely employed approaches to inter-subject coregistration of structural MR images of the brain: the manual step-wise approach and the automated method provided with the software package SPM96. Phantoms were constructed by deforming a high resolution T1-weighted MR image in which we have embedded 12 landmarks. For the manual method the accuracy ranged from 0.8 mm in quadrigeminal plate to 2.4 mm in superior central sulcus and occipital lobe. The average error was 1.5 mm. For the automated SPM96 method and the 9 parameter model, the accuracy ranged from 0.8 mm to 2.1 mm and averaged 1.1 mm. Error of the manual method correlated strongly with the distance from the center of the image (r equals 0.77, slope equals .020, p equals .003). The linear correlation of the error obtained with the automated method with the distance was poor (r equals 0.39, slope equals .008, p > 0.2). The results suggest that the inferior performance of the manual method is due to its step-wise approach and to a relatively large rotational error.


Upcoming advances in the space research demand a better understanding of the analog and radio frequency circuit behavior at very low temperatures. For this purpose, a LC cross-coupled voltage controlled oscillator in the S-band is designed for space communications as a case study using a commercial 0.18 µm CMOS Mixed-Mode/RF device technology. At 77 K, performance variations are observed with respect to the room temperature through the model extracted from transistor measurements that have been conducted using liquid nitrogen. One notable observation indicates that by cooling down to the cryogenic temperatures, the oscillator can fall into the "waste of power" region and therefore the phase noise of the circuit does not necessarily improve in the cryogenic operation regime. Even though there is a gap in the literature about the cryogenic behavior of passive devices, it is shown that the variations on the varactor threshold value and the quiescent node voltages of the circuit can notably shift the needed control voltages. Moreover, a voltage controlled oscillator is designed, which ensures practical operation both at 300 K and 77 K, thereby demonstrating how the tuning range and phase noise performance of the oscillator changes at different temperatures.


In this paper, we propose a low-pass filtering process aiming at removing noise and artifacts generated by histogram equalization, while preserving the image signal variations. The filtering is made to provide different levels of smoothing strength by means of cascading stages of simple low-pass filters. A weak smoothing given by the first stage is applied to all the pixels, including those in edge regions, and the pixels located in the flattest regions are processed successively by all the filtering stages to get the strongest smoothing. A binary mask is used in each stage, except the first one, in order to shield pixels in non-homogeneous regions from over-smoothing. Simple algorithms are developed to generate the masks from the input image. The results of the simulation demonstrated that the proposed filtering leads to a good quality of the contrast enhancement in varieties of images and requires a low computation complexity.


An extensive irradiation program has been devoted by CEA to the assessment of transmutation using minor actinide bearing inert support targets. A first irradiation experiment was performed in the fast neutron reactor Phenix, in parallel to other experiments carried out in the HFR and Siloe reactors, in order to assess the behavior under fast neutron flux of various materials intended as inert support matrix for transmutation targets. This experiment, which included the two steps MATINA 1 and MATINA 1A, was completed in 2004 and underwent complete post irradiation examinations (PIE) , whose results are presented in this paper. All the pure inert materials showed a satisfactory behavior under fast neutrons except Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} - which exhibits a swelling close to 11 vol. % after irradiation. In presence of UO{sub 2} fissile particles, MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} proved to be more stable in term of swelling as inert support than MgO and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} matrices, under the same irradiation conditions. A second experiment ECRIX H in Phenix involving composite pellets with an MgO matrix and AmO{sub 2-x} particles was completed in 2006. The very first PIE results on ECRIX H are described in this paper. At the light of thesemore » first experiments, a second phase dedicated to the design optimization of the target was initiated and three new irradiation experiments - MATINA 2-3, CAMIX COCHIX in Phenix and HELIOS in HFR - were started in 2006 and 2007. (authors)« less


Traditional market plays an important role in capturing the image of the city. In some cases,
traditional markets give contribution to signify city identity. The identity of traditional market of
Beringharjo is influenced by the mental images that Beringharjo has a distinct characteristic. Its
characteristic stimulates certain perception to the community, so that they give behavioral response to
preserve a traditional market of Beringharjo, whether Beringharjo as a physical setting or the activities
inside. This paper aims to describe the inter-connection of mental images and the perception of
traditional market of Beringharjo, so that traditional market of Beringharjo as a physical setting and the
tradition embedded in the activities inside are still been preserved. Method used in describing the topic
is by explaning three important roles of mental images (Burnette, 1974), inwhich these images play:
i.e. as an abstract framework for organizing behavior; as functional pattern in the mediation of thought;
and as symbolic basis of language and communication, implemented on traditional market of
Beringharjo. In sum, preserving traditional market of Beringharjo needs to consider the perceptions
and opinion from several groups of community who have closed relationship with the existence of
traditional market of Beringharjo.


Based on the reflective index reported in the literature, the present work aims to investigate the plasmon energy, the microhardness and the homopolar band gap energy of BxAl1-xSb ternary semiconducting alloys as a function of boron concentration x in the range 0 –1. We found that both the plasmon energy and the microhardness of BxAl1-xSb alloys change gradually but not monotonically with increasing of boron concentration x from 0 to 1, while the homopolar band gap energy increases monotonically with enhancing of x.
We emphasize that a boron concentration x dependent plasmon energy and microhardness between 0 and 1 is extremely unusual behavior for BxAl1-xSb alloys. Normally, both plasmon energy and the microhardness monotonically increase with increasing boron concentration x as it was mentioned in the literature. The plasmon energy of AlSb and BSb was found to be 16.14 and 15.58 eV, respectively. Our value (16.14 eV) of the plasmon energy for AlSb compound is higher than the result (13.8 eV) reported by Böer and Pohl. The minimum of the plasmon energy was found to be 14.4 eV for both B0.5Al0.5Sb and B0.625Al0.375Sb alloys.
The microhardness of AlSb was found at around 7.56 GPa, while that of BSb was found to be 6.51 GPa. Similar to the plasmon energy, the minimum value of the microhardness was found to be 4.45 GPa for both B0.5Al0.5Sb and B0.625Al0.375Sb alloys.


Analysis of coupling characteristic of cavity withThin-Slot hasthetheoretical valueand applied valuein design of electronproduct and estimateof EMC. In thispaper we 'usedthe finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, analyze coupling characteristic ofcavity. Inordertoreduce timeofcalculation andresource ofCPUandmemory,so thesizeofspaceissmallthanthin-slot, we usedthe Enhanced Thin-Slot Formalism(ETSF) to resolve the problem. Finally, educetheresultandanalyze the result.


Teaching history in multicultural societies – Case study Malmo (Sweden) German Minister of Education and Research, Annette Schavan recently presented a proposal concerning a common European History Book. According to Deutsche Welle she underlined that "education is essential for shaping identity and for social cohesion in Europe". Therefore it is possible to conclude that the content of history as a subject in schools is and will continue to be an important issue. In the light of these words it is of importance to discuss what the common historical knowledge is according to college pupils, because they are directly effected by the political decisions. The emphasis of my research project is to determine through interviews what according to the teenagers, who live in the multicultural city of Malmo (Sweden), is regarded as a relevant historical knowledge. According to the official statistics 43 percents of teenagers living in Malmo have an immigrant background. For this reason Malmo is an excellent place to carry out studies that are both related to the questions of teaching history within multicultural societies and the young pupils' complex social and cultural experiences and their construction of identities. Consequently it is significant to emphasize that, before one is to discuss what the content of history as a school subject should be, we should try to critically analyze the meaning of word "common history and identity" within multifaceted societies. My opinion is that people leaving in multicultural societies have multitude of socio-cultural backgrounds, identities and experiences, which makes this field of study significant. The paper will be based on interviews with 25 college pupils who have different cultural, social, and ethnic backgrounds. It is my belief that by getting closer to the historical consciences of the above mentioned individuals I can depict young people's opinions concerning the future of history in multicultural societies, such as Sweden. The focuses of my deconstructive perspective are gender and ethnicity, as well as the importance of gender and ethnicity for understanding of the national and regional historical writings and therefore the creation of common identity. Consequently the main focus of this project will be the question of identity as well as my interest in what kind of historical knowledge is regarded as relevant for the development of their ethnic and gender identities. The preliminary studies have indicated that the ethnic identity is more significant for the youngsters who have a foreign background. On the other hand female pupils have shown a greater interest in the history of gender relations. As the result of these words it could be concluded that I will try to answer the following questions: • What is according to the interviewees regarded as a relevant historical knowledge? How can we understand the relation between the taught historical knowledge and the power to decide what the "essential" historical knowledge is? How are their opinions related to their gender and ethnic identities? What are the potential consequences of the taught historical knowledge from gender and ethnic perspective on the formation of individual's identities? (Less)


Promoting employees' leisure-time and total physical activity may promote work engagement although this needs to be confirmed in longitudinal studies. Even light physical activity may foster work engagement, possibly by promoting general psychological well-being and recovery from work. Both self-reported and accelerometer-based physical activity are related to higher work engagement. Objective To examine the role of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED) for work engagement. Methods We used data from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study (n = 3046 to 4356) to analyze self-reported weekly leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), daily leisure-time sitting time (LTST) and work engagement. PA and SED 24-hour were also measured with accelerometer for 14 days. The data were analyzed using linear regression analyses. Results High self-reported LTPA and sports participation were associated with higher work engagement and its subdimensions. High self-reported ST was associated with lower work engagement, vigor, and absorption. Accelerometer-measured light PA was associated with higher work engagement and vigor, and accelerometermeasured steps were linked to higher vigor. Accelerometer-measured SED was associated with lower work engagement, vigor, and dedication. Conclusions Self-reported and accelerometer-measured PA and SED may play a role in people's work engagement.


We have calculated configuration-mixing {ital LS}-coupling and intermediate-coupling cross sections for the process of resonant transfer excitation followed by x-ray stabilization in collisions of the Li-like ions S{sup 13+}, Ca{sup 17+}, Ti{sup 19+}, V{sup 20+}, Ni{sup 25+}, and Ge{sup 29+} with H{sub 2} and He. Fine-structure interactions preferentially enhance the {ital KLL} peak (by up to 35% for S{sup 13+}) over the {ital KLn} ({ital n}{gt}{ital L}) peak (+5%), and this largely resolves the discrepancy that exists between theoretical {ital LS}-coupling calculations and experiment over the relative height of the two peaks for the case of Ca{sup 17+}+H{sub 2}.


The stability of TR-01 emulsifier has been studied through experiment for Jinglou heavy oil in Henan Oilfield.The influence of salinity on viscosity reduction is analyzed,and the optimal concentration is determined for field application.The experiment shows that the viscosity reduction rate of TR-01 emulsified viscosity reducer is over 99%.TR-01 is low cost and applicable for most of oil wells in Jinglou block of Henan Oilfield.


Tight and competitive market situations pose a serious challenge to enterprises in the manufacturing industry domain. Competing in the use of data analytics to enhance products and processes requires additional resources to deal with the complexity. On the contrary, the possibilities afforded by digitization and data analysis-based approaches make for a valuable asset. In this paper we suggest a guideline to a systematic course of action for the data-based creation of holistic insight. Building an overlaying corpus of knowledge accelerates the learning curve within specific projects as well as across projects by exceeding the project-specific view towards an integrated approach.


In response to alpha adrenergic agonists cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes exhibit many of the features of hypertrophy in vivo including: (i) an increase in cell size in the absence of cell division, (ii) an increase in the rate of protein synthesis, (iii) an increase in the assembly of contractile proteins into sarcomeric units and (iv) characteristic changes in gene expression. These include the rapid induction of a programme of immediate-early genes, including the c-fos, c-jun and Egr-l genes, upregulation of a number of constitutively expressed proteins involved in muscle contraction such as ventricular myosin light chain-2 (vMLC2) and cardiac a-actin and reexpression of genes normally only expressed during the embryonic stage of ventricular development such as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), B-myosin heavy chain and skeletal aactin [I]. In the perfused rat heart and in isolated adult cardiac myocytes we have shown that a-adrenergic agonists stimulate protein synthesis by binding to a, receptors [2,3]. We have also reported that an increase in extracellular pH @Ho) increases intracellular pH (pHi) and stimulates protein synthesis in perfused hearts [4]. Because a,-adrenergic agonists induce intracellular alkalinization in the heart, this suggests a role for increased pHi in the stimulation of translation by these agents [2]. To determine whether intracellular alkalinization may also be important in the regulation of transcription, cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to an increase in pHo and the effect on gene expression assayed using luciferase (LUX) reporter gene constructs under the control of promoters for ANF and vMLC2. Ventricular myocytes were isolated from the hearts of 1-2 day old rats as described previously [5]. For transfection experiments, myocytes were plated on gelatin-coated 60mm tissue culture dishes at a density of 1 million cells per dish in plating medium (Maintenance medium DMEW199 (4:l) containing 10% horse serum and 5% FCS) and were maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO,. Twenty hours after plating and 4 h before transfection, medium was changed to 4 mls maintenance medium containing 4% horse serum. Plasmids were diluted in 0.25 M CaCI, and an equal volume of 50 mM N,NBis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES, pH 6.9), 280 mM NaCI, 1.5 mM N%HPO, was added. After 20 min, 1 ml of this suspension (containing 15 pg LUX reporter plasmid and 4 pg of a CMV-driven P-galactosidase (P-gal) vector to control for transfection efficiency) was added to each plate. After overnight transfection, cells were washed once with 10% horse serum in maintenance medium and twice with maintenance medium before being incubated in maintenance medium. The pH of the medium was increased by addition of 54 mM NaHCO, where indicated. After 48 h, myocytes were washed three times with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and extracted on ice with 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH7.9), 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100, 1 mM dithiothreitol (0.4 ml) for 15 min. Luciferase and P-gal activities in cell extracts were assayed by standard methods [5]. For protein synthesis experiments myocytes were plated at a density of 1 million cells per 35 mm dish. Protein synthesis was assayed by the incorporation of 'H phenylalanine into 0.56 M HCIO, insoluble material [3]. Results are presented as the mean 5 SEM of experiments on 4 or 5 separate preparations of myocytes. A. 3 . 0 1 -


The internal electric field of a Rydberg atom electron can bind a polar molecule to form a giant ultralong-range stable polyatomic molecule. Such molecules not only share their properties with Rydberg atoms (such as long lifetimes and large sizes) but they also possess huge permanent electric dipole moments and in addition allow for coherent control of the polar molecule orientation. In this work, we include additional Rydberg manifolds which couple to the nearly degenerate set of Rydberg states employed in the previous work (S T Rittenhouse and H R Sadeghpour 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 243002). The coupling of a set of (n + 3)s Rydberg states with the n(l > 2) nearly degenerate Rydberg manifolds in alkali metal atoms leads to pronounced avoided crossings in the Born–Oppenheimer potentials. Ultimately, these avoided crossings enable the formation of the giant polyatomic Rydberg molecules with standard two-photon laser photoassociation techniques.


This article was published in Latin American Journal of Pharmacy [© 2011 Latin American Journal of Pharmacy] and the definite version is available at: https://goo.gl/XOJ7tm


The acoustic response of a rectangular cavity to excitation through waveguides terminating at orifices in the cavity walls is analyzed. Acoustic pressure is expressed by eigenfunctions satisfying Neumann boundary conditions as well as by those satisfying Dirichlet ones. The change in boundary condition from wall to orifice is included by appeal to Lagrange undetermined multipliers. The acoustic consequences of an orifice may be summarized as follows. Resonances of the cavity with zero impedance orifices are higher than those of the cavity without orifices. In particular, the low‐order mode (0,0,0) has zero frequency for the simple cavity but appears at finite frequency for a range of orifice impedance. Within a narrow range of orifice impedance, every resonance displays great sensitivity to impedance change. Qualitatively, orifices reproduce the effect of a uniform change in wall impedance. A gap between the speaker diaphragm and a waveguide reproduces these orifice‐generated effects.


A ZALEAS AND BEACHES, FRONT PORCHES AND FRIED CHICKEN —these are a few of the calm and leisurely icons depicting life in the South that have always filled the pages of one of the country's most popular and prosperous magazines, Southern Living. Some have questioned how such a publication could be born in Birmingham, Alabama, during the 1960s, a time when life was anything but tranquil in the world, the United States, or the region. It was a time when women were turning away from domestic lives and exploring new options for work and self, and a time when minorities, predominantly blacks, were seeking equality and respect from the white majority. How, then—and why— was a magazine such as Southern Living conceived, a publication that so obviously depicted the region as a serene and happy place, where women kept the home and family, and blacks were rarely seen? One obvious answer, more than forty years since the magazine's launch in 1966, is that Southern Living's founders sought to comfort and reassure the region's white, upperclass elite while reinforcing segregationist attitudes. Business correspondence from the company archives, however, reveals that the concept for the magazine was secondary to the innovative business ideas implemented regarding advertising and circulation issues. Ultimately, the creation of Southern Living saved the Progressive Farmer despite a declining agricultural population, produced growth for the publishing company with little additional risk, and rode the industry trend toward specialized magazines. The ultimate key to success proved to be capitalizing on an affluent, white audience that was desperately trying to hold onto its T R A C Y L A U D E R


This article explores some critical reflections engaged in as part of the earliest stages of applying for an international development project grant. Though most of the funding came from the North, which had the potential to reproduce typical North–South relations, both parties involved in the project agreed to predicate relationships on principles of equity in an attempt to decolonize relationships, or what could be seen as a sort of 'un-doing' of traditional colonial relations. Tensions emanating from within and among the teams at early meetings underscored the complexity of un-doing colonial relationships, as well as the way that colonial relations awkwardly but seamlessly intersect with gendered, classed and heteronormative individual and organizational relations. It also highlights the messiness and difficulty in transform(ing) hegemonic social conditions in a single international institution or project.


Exploration and development of offshore deep water subsalt reservoirs could be very costly due to the drilling challenges. Seismic image of the reservoir is the key factor for generating the reservoir model that is used for drilling. In the last four years wide-azimuth (WAZ) towed-streamer acquisition has been established as a successful technology for exploration and development of the complex subsalt structures in the Gulf of Mexico. In this paper we present coil shooting acquisition, a novel method to acquire WAZ surveys using circular geometry.


This paper analyzes market diffusion in the presence of oligopolistic interaction among firms. Market demand is positively related to past market size because of consumer learning, networks, and bandwagon effects. Firms enter the market freely in each period with fixed costs and compete in quantities. We demonstrate that the nature of the inefficiency under free entry can change as the market grows, and more importantly, that S-shaped diffusion can be a signal that the number of firms under free entry is initially insufficient, but eventually excessive.


The contact of lower Devonian sandstone and shaly sandstone with middle Devonian shaly limestone is exposed at several points in the vicinity of Fort-de-Polignac in the Sahara. The lower Devonian beds show large lateral variations. Instead of the Givetian (upper middle Devonian) transgressing the lower Devonian, as previously supposed, the transgression began in the center of the basin in the Couvinian or Eifelian, i.e., lower middle Devonian, spread progressively eastward and westward, and did not reach the Oued Samene area until upper Couvinian. The submergence of the lower part of Tihemboka, west of In Akaouet, did not occur until Frasnian (lower upper Devonian).


This research aims to explore the extent to which nominal ellipsis in Arabic is applied to its English counterpart in some selected cases; numeratives, epithets, possessives and quantifiers. The illustrative instances are taken from some Arabic advertisements in Jordanian newspapers. Discussions reveal that, among the selected cases above, nominal ellipsis in numeratives (cardinals & ordinals) as well as epithets can function as head of an elliptical nominal group. Possessives cannot be upgraded to head function in the elliptical nominal group while quantifiers have a dual function; in fact some quantifiers can be upgraded to function as head but others cannot. In this respect, it could be concluded that nominal ellipsis in Arabic can be applied to its English counterpart in a large extent; most of the selected cases are applicable.


We demonstrate here a remarkable electrochemical activation of polypyrrole chains by doping with redox-active diphenylamine sulfonate anions. The organic redox dopant can not only serve as anionic counterions to enhance electrochemical activity of the polymer chains, but also contributes their redox capacity to the material. This organic-polymer composite exhibits a quite high reversible capacity of 115 mA h g−1, excellent rate capability and cycling stability, capable of serving as a low cost, and renewable cathode for Na-ion batteries. Since the chemical doping method is simple and easily extendable for a large variety of organic anions and polymer networks, it is possible to adopt this new strategy for creating low cost and electrochemically active polymer materials for widespread electric storage applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013


Over the past two decades, healthcare‐associated exposure has increasingly been proved to be a means of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission, especially in hemodialysis facilities. The prevalence of HCV among hemodialysis patients is known to be several times greater than that of the general population of the United States, and chronic HCV infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among these patients. During 2008–2011, HCV infection outbreaks were identified in multiple US hemodialysis facilities, resulting in at least 46 new HCV infections among hemodialysis patients. These outbreaks, linked to infection control breaches, also highlight the failure of some facilities to follow established guidelines for routine HCV antibody (anti‐HCV) screening and response to new HCV infection among hemodialysis patients. Current national guidelines recommend screening of hemodialysis patients for anti‐HCV on facility admission and, for susceptible patients, on a semiannual basis.


Problems in the banking law, the subject of their functions always occur, but they are exacerbated in times of economic and financial crises. The article attempts to identify the gaps of legal regulation of the status of the price-Russian central bank.


Purpose of Study: To develop a non-invasive technique to assess and analyse patella kinematics during the gait cycle.

Methodology and Results: Ten subjects with no history of patellofemoral syndrome or patella maltracking on clinical examination were individually assessed on eight dynamic walking trials each. Retroreflective markers were attached to the proximal, distal, medial and lateral poles of the patella and the position of the patella relative to the centre of the knee joint was tracked and recorded during their gait cycle using a nine camera (120Hz) ViconTM infra-red motion analysis system.

It was found that there was more medial-lateral motion (shift) of the patella than proximal-distal (tilt) motion during the gait cycle.

It was noted that the patella shift motion occurred in the swing phase or the early stance phase of the gait cycle of all subjects with the maximum patella shift occurring when the knee was flexed between 30–56 degrees in the majority of subjects.

Similarly the patellar tilt motion occurred in the swing phase or the early stance phase of the gait cycle with the maximum patella tilt occurring between 20–36 degrees of knee flexion in the majority of subjects.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that patella motion can be identified non-invasively using the ViconTM motion analysis system. These results indicate that normally the maximum amount of patella shift and tilt occurs in the swing and early stance phases of the gait cycle and that abnormal patella motion can be detected if excessive shift or tilt occurs outside of these phases.


The expeditious growth of modern transportation and industrialization has given rise to serious noise pollution, which has brought disaster to the world economy and human health. Most existing sound‐absorber with single pore structures suffer from large weight and the incidence and dissipation of noise that are difficult to be enhanced simultaneously. Herein, gradient‐structured elastic ceramic nanofiber aerogels with cellulose nano‐nets are successfully structured through step‐by‐step directional freeze‐casting technology, which has a gradient structure of "larger pore‐middle pore‐smaller pore" in the propagation direction of sound waves and dual nanofiber networks perpendicular to the direction of sound waves. The integration of gradient pore structures and dual nanofiber networks effectively improves the acoustic contact area of aerogels while increasing the acoustic incidence. The noise reduction coefficient of the obtained lightweight gradient aerogels (average density only 9 mg cm−3) reaches 0.58, and the low‐frequency air compressor noise can be reduced by 23.1 dB. Besides, the silica sol with hydrophobic groups endows gradient aerogels with good mechanics (plastic deformation only 5.7% after 1000 compressions) and superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle of ≈150°). The successful construction of gradient‐structured dual network nanofiber aerogels will offer new horizons for the upgrading of nextgen noise absorbers.


The problem of target angle measurement in high resolution radar was studied.The principle for measuring angle in mono-pulse radar was introduced,then the model of angle estimation in high resolution radar is built,and the joint probabilistic density function of target angle and return signal was derived.An angle estimation method based on maximum likelihood estimation for high resolution radar was proposed,in which the angle of the target and the return signal were updated iteratively and estimated jointly,and the Cramer Rao Lower Bound of the angle estimation was approximated.The performance of the proposed method was compared against the traditional angle estimation method in narrow band radar by simulation,and it came out that the angle measurement accuracy is higher than traditional method.When the signal-to-noise ratio is given,the more the number of range cell is,the smaller the root mean square of the estimation error is.Simulation results verify that the proposed method is asymptotically unbiased,and has a smaller estimation error variance than traditional method in narrow band radar.


The present study was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 on eight years old Keitt mango trees, in order to investigate the effect of spraying each of NAA(40ppm), GA3(40ppm), CPPU(10 ppm), BA (40ppm), SA (250 ppm) and CaCl2 (0.75%) after fruit set on fruit  drop, yield and  fruit quality of  Keitt mangoes trees. Trees were spaced at 2 X 3 meters apart and grown in a sandy soil at a private orchard in Edko region, El-Behera governorate, Egypt. Trees were sprayed twice; after fruit set and 30 days later in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that the fruit drop percentage after one, two and three months from the application date was significantly decreased and the fruit retention percent and yield per tree were increased by all sprayed substances in comparison with the control in both seasons. Generally, trees spraying with NAA, GA3, CPPU or BA was considered the best and effective in decreasing fruit drop and increasing fruit retention and tree yield. Spraying GA3, SA and CPPU improved some fruit physical characteristics in comparison with the control. In the meantime, spraying SA, NAA and CaCl2 had positive influence on fruit chemical characters in comparison with the control.


This is a preliminary version of the Lecture notes on "Waring problems, Secant varieties and Sylvester algorithm" for the 36th Autumn School in Algebraic Geometry "Power sum decomposition and apolarity, a geometric approach" September 1st-7th, 2013 Lukecin, Poland On dimensions of secant varieties


Starting from the construction of financial ecological environment,this paper analyzes the present situation of and problems existing in Anhui's financial ecology,and advances several suggestions on optimizing Anhui 's financial ecology.


This manuscript describes a study on relatively unexplored halogen mediated 7-exo-dig/trig cyclization reactions of 2-(2-amino-aryl)-3-prop-2-ynyl/allyl-thiazolidin-4-ones for the formation of thiazole condensed 1,4-benzodiazepines in good yields. The reactions are facile, chemoselective and involve the use of simple substrates leading to synthesis of diversely functionalized 1,4-benzodiazepines. The synthesis of such condensed 1,4-benzodiazepines is important in terms of their usefulness as biological active agents.


As a follow‐up to the automated cluster search carried out by Williams & Hodge, we have examined 39 Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) pointings to locate and study a comprehensive collection of disk clusters. The Williams technique was effective in finding young clusters, but not intermediate‐age or old clusters. Our searches have shown that M31 has large numbers of these intermediate and older open clusters, most of them undetected by both the Williams survey and other ground‐based searches. We present a catalog of 343 clusters detected on the WFPC2 images. Extrapolation from our data indicates that the entire disk of M31 contains approximately 80,000 star clusters. We have carried out integrated multicolor photometry of these clusters to ascertain their properties and to compare their properties with cluster systems of other galaxies. We show the cluster luminosity function, the color‐magnitude diagram, the formation function, and the size distribution. Cluster densities and colors show trends with disk position. An age distribution is derived and, although the ages are very uncertain for the fainter clusters, there is evidence for cluster dynamical destruction at about the same rate as in our Galaxy.


Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by a compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture. The early detection of osteoporosis is important to a successful treatment. Current prominent bone densitometry techniques include, among others, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Mechanical Response Tissue Analysis (MRTA). However, DEXA uses ionizing radiation and MRTA results are often unreliable. Simultaneous Photothermal Radiometry (PTR) and Modulated Luminescence (LUM) measurements can be a non-ionizing, noninvasive and reliable alternative to the aforementioned diagnostics techniques. Controlled mineral loss was simulated with sequential etching of a human skull bone. During the experiments, a low-power modulated laser illuminated the sample surface. The absorbed incident optical energy was then re-emitted either non-radiatively, in the form of thermal waves (PTR), or radiatively as lumimescence light emission (LUM). The experimental setup consisted of a semiconductor laser (635 nm, 20 mW), two lock-in amplifiers, a mercury-cadmium-telluride IR detector for PTR, a photodiode for LUM and a computer. A one-dimensional, one-layer theoretical model for LUM and PTR was developed to analyze the experimental data and extract optical and thermal properties of the sample.


Slope stability analysis along the Minas road was carried out at 7 locations. Limestone, sandstone and slates are the main rock types. Geotechnical Data for Rock Mass Rating (RMR) were taken from each location for the rock mass classification. The rock samples were also collected for the lab analysis. The stereographic projections of rock joints were plotted for Kinematic analysis and different slope failures (planar and wedge) were identified. Geological cross section of each rock slope was prepared to show the orientation of different sets of joints with respect to the slope face. Finally the Factor of safety (FOS) of each rock slopes were determined.It was found that among the 7 rock slopes 3 falls in good and 4 in fair RMR class. The Kinematic analysis shows that 2 rock slope form planar failure and 5 wedge failures. The Factor of safety analysis depicts that 3 rock slopes have a FOS value above 1 and form stable slopes while 4 rock slopes shows a FOS value near and below 1 which represent partially stable and unstable slopes.


There has been great interest in the radiant floor cooling system over the past decades due to its great potential for energy conservation and load shifting, and the improvement of indoor thermal comfort. However, as a thermally activated building system, its performance is highly related to the building enclosure thermal mass through heat exchange with the outdoor environment, and therefore, its operation is challenged by control strategies. Because of the shift characteristic of the cooling load during the day and variable weather conditions, realistic operation will increase the park load if neglecting the predictive scheme. This study proposes two control strategies, intermittent operation and weather-forecast-based predictive controls, which were applied and simulated in a real demonstration office building located in Jinan, China. Displacement ventilation (DV) was used to maintain the requirement of fresh air and shifting of peak load. The TRNSYS program was utilized for the analysis of energy saving potential and optimization of the control settings. The results show that weather-forecast-based predictive control can improve indoor comfort. Intermittent operation during the day had no significant effect on the indoor temperature fluctuation due to the response period, while it decreased energy use by 3.3% to 7.5% when the system was turned off in advance. In summary, the combination of intermittent operation and weather-forecast-based predictive controls can better guide the operation of radiant floor cooling systems and will reduce energy use in the building sector.


Believing that greater transparency can help drive health improvement and delivery of higher-quality, lower-cost care, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has released information on utilization by more than 880,000 clinicians who care for Medicare patients.


The author proposes a technique for identifying the Paretto-normalized regional clusters through topologically structuring the space of regional indicators. The author gives his treatment of a median cluster as a group of the regions whose indicators are very close to the average national values, and proposes a technique for building the minimal hypercube (i.e. outskirts of the average Russian indicators) containing a median cluster, where the boundaries of the latter can be regarded as the threshold indicators for the regional clusters generated by it. The author made calculations and analyzed how the cluster's structures in RF regions had changed over 2000-2005. The paper also describes future tendencies for the period up to 2009 of how the marginal regional clusters might change due to the economic regional growth of previous 2000-2005 years.


A corpus of about 500 sentences has been prosodically labelled by five students. They marked into national phrase boundaries and accented syllables. The paper describes the inventory of prosodic labels that was used in the experiment and the resulting consistency of the parallel transcriptions. Also some preliminary results of the automatic recognition of these prosodic categories are presented.


ABSTRACT Collections of old human remains in museums are currently under increased scrutiny and pressure. On the one hand they are problematised from a post-colonial and human rights point of view as the material remains of historic and ongoing structural violence connected to scientific knowledge production. On the other, new methods in archaeological science have led to increasing demand for destructive sampling. Without guidance and support by laws and formal standardised professional guidelines, museums may find themselves squeezed from two opposing sides. Based on an analysis of laws and professional guidelines, and a large-scale survey of the practical handling of old human remains in Swedish museums, this article argues that the lack of a shared professional process that recognises the complexity of old human remains as both objects of science and lived lives, risks undermining the role of museums in their relationship to both the public and the research community.


The DSU stipulates the conditions and procedures of resorting to retaliation, while neglects post-retaliation issues as revealed in US/Canada - Continued Suspension. The rulings and elaborations of the Appellate Body report on conditions for termination of retaliation, the proper dispute settlement procedure applied to post-retaliation controversies, the disputants entitled or obligated to initiate dispute settlement procedures have a positive effect on the implementation mechanism of WTO DSB rulings, but also been criticized as exceeding its terms of reference for going beyond the next of DSU and neglecting the ongoing DSU negotiations. The two alternatives on post-retaliation produced in the Doha DSU negotiations embody different logics and solutions, but neither of them follows the stance of the Appellate Body Report totally.


Abstract Bacterial flagellar filament can undergo a stress-induced polymorphic phase transition in both vitro and vivo environments. The filament has 12 different helical forms (phases) characterized by different pitch lengths and helix radii. When subjected to the frictional force of flowing fluid, the filament changes between a left-handed normal phase and a right-handed semi-coiled phase via phase nucleation and growth. This paper develops non-local finite element method (FEM) to simulate the phase transition under a displacement-controlled loading condition (controlled helix-twist). The FEM formulation is based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory using a one-dimensional non-convex and non-local continuum model. To describe the processes of the phase nucleation and growth, viscosity-type kinetics is also used. The non-local FEM simulation captures the main features of the phase transition: two-phase coexistence with an interface of finite thickness, phase nucleation and phase growth with interface propagation. The non-local FEM model provides a tool to study the effects of the interfacial energy/thickness and loading conditions on the phase transition.


High performance analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are essential elements for the development of high performance image sensors. These circuits need a big number of ADCs to reach the required resolution at a specified speed. Moreover, nowadays power dissipation has become a key performance to be considered in analog designs, specially in those developed for portable devices. Design of such circuits is a challenging task which requires a combination of the most advanced digital circuit, the analog expertise knowledge and an iterative design. Amplifier sharing has been a commonly used technique to reduce power dissipation in pipelined ADCs. In this paper we present a partial amplifier sharing topology of a 12 bit pipeline ADC, developed in 0.35µm CMOS process. Its performance is compared with a conventional amplifier scaling topology and with a fully amplifier sharing one.


ECOLOGY Correction for "Metapopulation stability in branching river networks," by Akira Terui, Nobuo Ishiyama, Hirokazu Urabe, Satoru Ono, Jacques C. Finlay, and Futoshi Nakamura, which was first published June 12, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1800060115 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:E5963–E5969). The authors wish to note the following: "While extending a theoretical framework reported in the article, we discovered a mathematical error in derivation for the expected total number of within-branch combinations of nodes EðφÞ (SI Appendix, page 4). Because of this error, EðφÞ (page E5967, right column), Eq. 2 (page E5967, right column), and lines in Figures 2 and S2 appeared incorrectly. We have corrected the derivation of EðφÞ in the SI Appendix and the associated errors [EðφÞ, Eq. 2, and lines in Figures 2 and S2]. These errors do not affect the conclusions of the article." As a result, Fig. 2 appeared incorrectly. The corrected figure and its legend appear below. Additionally, on page E5967, right column, first full paragraph, line 7, "E(φ) = N(1 – P)/2P" should instead appear as "E(φ) = N(1 – P)/P," and in the same paragraph, Eq. 2 should have appeared as


The biohazard accidents are defined as professional accidents or occupational, which are related to exposures to a biological agent that can cause toxicity, infection or allergy. The main mechanisms of transmission that lead to trigger biological risks are found in body fluids such as blood, semen and vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial, pleural or peritoneal and potentially infected tissues from an external source.
In the biohazard politics of Colombia, the promotion and prevention programs do not respond to the due knowledge and monitoring that must be done in the face of an accident of this type, in addition to the fact that the most prevalent population in presenting these accidents are health area such as medicine, nursing and surgical instrumentation at the time of performing clinical practice, regardless of the range in which the person is, whether student, intern, resident or specialist.
In accordance with the description above, a cross-sectional study was performed, which aims to describe the knowledge of the students of the Medicine and Nursing program of the "UDCA" who were studying from sixth to sixth semester in terms of accidents of biological risk and its methods of prevention and action, finding the following data that were collected through a survey entitled "Knowledge of the measures of prevention and action against accidents of biological risk in the medicine and nursing programs of the university of applied sciences and environmental studies during the first period of 2017 ", which contains 22 qualifying questions that were made to 254 students, determining the degree of knowledge of the population that was part of the study.
It was evidenced that the students of Medicine and Nursing have knowledge about Biological Risk Accidents with a percentage of 55.2% and 58.9% respectively, nevertheless it was observed that the difference between the knowledge of the two programs was of 3.7% . Likewise, it was determined that the knowledge about the existence of the biological risk protocol; in sixth-semester students only 37.5% had knowledge about the biosafety protocol and 62.5% did not know the protocol, whereas in the following semesters; seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth 100% of the population had knowledge about the protocol, suggesting that with the progress of the semester increases knowledge about the existence of the protocol in case of a biohazard accident, this evidence that the levels of knowledge have to be deepened and promotion and prevention politics must be implemented in the area of health


This chapter presents and analyzes the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in public participation and more specificly in e-referenda as an aspect of direct democratic participation. It aims to explain the correlation between ICT and e-referenda. Referendum, used as an instrument to accept or deny a proposed political decision, has a strong function of controlling political power and securing the openness of political power structures. It serves as an instrument of division of powers and opens roads to opposition outside parliament. In general, it provides the people with veto positions (Schiller, 2003, p. 12). By presenting the evolvement of the ICT and the technological developments that resulted an impact on the way democracy is being exercised in the modern societies, there is an attempt to provide ideas and solutions on the use of e-referenda in modern democracies. The dangers, the advantages, and the disadvantages of the use of ICT in democracy are presented and analysed as well. All these issues are being discussed, as this chapter tries to give a clear and objective perspective regarding the role of e-democracy and the problems that come along with its implementation.


BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers because of its late diagnosis and chemoresistance. Primary cilia, the cellular antennae, are observed in most human cells to maintain development and differentiation. Primary cilia are gradually lost during the progression of pancreatic cancer and are eventually absent in PDAC. However, recent study showed that primary cilia regrowth contributes to the development of diverse kinase inhibitor resistance in lung cancer. We elucidated the role of regrowth primary ciliogenesis in PDAC chemoresistance and uncovered the underlying molecular mechanism.ResultsWe showed that cisplatin-resistant PDAC regrew primary cilia. Additionally, genetic or pharmacological disruption of primary cilia sensitized PDAC to cisplatin treatment. Mechanistically, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and RAD3-related (ATR), tumor suppressors that initiate DNA damage responses, promoted the excessive formation of centriolar satellites (EFoCS) and autophagy activation. Disruption of EFoCS and autophagy inhibited primary ciliogenesis, sensitizing PDAC cells to cisplatin treatment. ConclusionsCollectively, our findings revealed an unexpected interplay among the DNA damage response, primary cilia, and chemoresistance in PDAC and deciphered the molecular mechanism by which ATM/ATR-mediated EFoCS and autophagy cooperatively regulate primary ciliogenesis.


An algorithm is described which finds optimum transmitter and receiver weights to maximize clutter suppression in a predetermined clutter region when using burst waveforms. It is assumed that the transmitter weights can only take on values from a finite set. This optimization problem is solved using a branch and bound algorithm. An example is given which shows the improvement in clutter suppression when this new design procedure is used as compared to a simpler nonoptimal procedure.


Introduction:
 Hypertensive black patients have the lowest rates of blood pressure (BP) control. It is unknown to what extent variation in healthcare processes like treatment intensification (TI) and missed visits explain this disparity.

 Hypothesis:
 We hypothesized there would be no racial differences in TI but missed visits would be more frequent among black patients and mediate a sizable percentage of BP control disparities.

 Methods:
 We used a structural equation multivariate regression model to estimate the likelihood of BP control (BP<140/90 mm Hg) in black vs. white hypertensive patients, mediated by TI and missed visits. We included 6,556 patients who had diagnosis of hypertension and at least one clinic visit with uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mm Hg) in 12 safety-net clinics in San Francisco from 2015-2017.We used the standard-based method (SBM), which is predictive of BP control, to calculate TI (dose increase or medication addition). We measured missed visits as the number of "no-shows" in the four weeks after an uncontrolled BP. BP control was defined based on the most recent BP as of Nov 15, 2017. The model adjusted for gender, age, first recorded BP between Jan 2015 and Nov 2017, visit frequency, and diagnosis of diabetes.

 Results:
 The mean (SD) age was 57.0 (11.2), 41% were female, and 44% were black. Compared to whites, blacks had more missed opportunities for TI (β=-0.02, p<0.001) and missed more visits (β=0.37, p<0.001). After accounting for these differences, black patients remained less likely than whites to achieve BP control (β=0.16, OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.76-0.95). The indirect effect of decreased TI and missed visits accounted for 22% and 13% of the total effect of black race on BP control, respectively (Figure).

 Conclusion:
 Racial inequities in treatment intensification may be responsible for over 20 percent of racial disparities in hypertension. Efforts to ensure more equitable treatment intensification may reduce black-white disparities in BP control.


Based on the statistical data of the use of CNKI database, and through data analysis on the users' utilization of documents, and information retrieval, etc., this paper fully discloses users' regular pattern in the use of CNKI database, resource requirements, retrieving methods, and selection preferences, etc., and analyzes the information behaviors of university users for improving the quality of digital resource service, optimizing the service model, and promoting the development of university's information literacy education.


Today, manufacturing industries are trying to improve their competitiveness by combining manufacturing per se with information technology. Virtual reality is being used in product development processes in manufacturing enterprises as a helpful technology to achieve rapid consolidation of information and decision-making through visualization and experience. In this article, 154 articles relevant to virtual reality's application to manufacturing were surveyed and analyzed. For this, (1) an analysis map was created, based on a virtual reality technology classification and the new product development process; (2) the articles investigated were located on the map; and (3) bibliometric analyses were carried out. Trends in past and present research were examined and future virtual reality research directions and application plans for manufacturing enterprises are discussed.


Objective To determine the effects of curcumin microemulsion on proliferation and apoptosis of the human leukemia cell line K562 cells.Methods The curcumin microemulsion was prepared with the routine procedure.MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation in cultured K562 cells,flow cytometry analysis was applied to examine cell apoptosis,and WT1 mRNA was determined with RT-PCR.The results about curcumin microemulsion were compared with these on curcumin.Results The prepared curcumin microemulsion was a stable clear solution with diameter of 10-100 nm.Curcumin microemulsion inhibited K562 cell proliferation by 24%,46%,68%with a 24 h incubation at dose of 2.5 μg/ml,5.0 μg/ml,and 10.0 μg/ml respectively,whereas curcumin reduced the proliferation by 6%,14%,25%at equal concentrations.WT1 mRNA level of curcumin microemulsion group(0.190±0.036)was reduced stronger than that of curcusin group(0.456±0.047).Conclusions Microemulsion is a great carrier for curcumin.Curcumin microemulsion is more effective in inhibiting proliferation,pro-apoptosis,and reducing WT1 gene expression than curcumin.A strong basis of medical value for the use of curcumin microemulsion to treat tumors is provided.

Key words:
Curcumin; Microemulsion; Cell proliferation; Apoptosis; Gene,WT1


Use of an array of solid‐state detectors in conjunction with a magnetic analyzer as a replacement for nuclear emulsions in nuclear spectroscopy is described. Arrays of both Au‐Ge and gold‐doped silicon have been used. The arrays consist of twenty detectors each and cover two inches along the image plane of the magnetic spectrograph. Particles of the same magnetic rigidity, but different mass, are easily identified as their energies are in the ratio Z2/m. The silicon detectors, which operate essentially as parallel plate ionization chambers, suffer the disadvantage of becoming polarized. The use of such arrays reduces by a factor of the order of twenty the time required to extract precision data from a nuclear reaction.


This paper explores how Chinese private international law responds to online data protection from two aspects: jurisdiction and applicable law. Compared with foreign laws, Chinese private international law related to online data protection has two distinct features. Chinese law for personal jurisdiction is still highly territorial-based. The "target" factor and the interactive level of a website have no play in Chinese jurisprudence. Regarding applicable law, Chinese legislators focus more on the domestic compliance with data regulations rather than their extra-territorial application. Moreover, like foreign countries, China also resorts to Internet intermediaries to enhance enforcement of domestic law. These features should be understood in the Chinese contexts of high-level data localization and Internet censorship.


Objective To investigate the relationship between blood pressure and the short-term outcome as well as long-term outcome of cerebral infarction. Methods One hundred and twenty one inpatients with acute ischemic stroke from January 2008 to October 2008 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.Blood pressure (BP) was consecutively recorded everyday in the duration of hospital stay,and the mean level BP after discharge was also recorded;Scores of Barthel Index (BI),modified Rankin Score (mRS) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were recorded at admission,discharge as well as 6 months after discharge.The patients were distributed into different groups according to Oxford shire community stroke project (OCSP) classification and their vascular stenosis.The relationship between BP and short-term outcome and long-term outcome were analyzed in each group. Results One hundred and twenty one patients were enrolled and 109 followed-up.In the acute period,blood pressure increased in 76.9% patients,and decreased afterwards.The tendency was most significant at the third day.Among the 59 patients of partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI),there were 55 patients followed-up.The patients whose average systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the first three days were between 120-150 mm Hg (n=29) had significantly better longterm outcome (BI was 89.14±15.00,mRS was 1.59±1.02 at 6 months) than those whose average SBP were higher than 150 mm Hg (n=22) (BI 78.41±20.95,mRS 2.27±1.20,P=0.023 and P=0.034 respectively),or lower than 120 mm Hg (n=4) (BI 85.00±14.72,mRS 2.00±0.82,P=0.024 and P=0.032 respectively).Among the 44 patients with severe arterial stenosis or occlusion,there were 37 patients followed-up.The BI (91.33±7.90) and mRs (1.40±0.99) at 6 months of the patients whose average SBP of the first 3 days145 mm Hg (n=15),were better than that of the patients whose average SBP145 mm Hg (n=22) (BI 67.70±31.42,mRS 2.68±1.29),P=0.002 and P=0.003 respectively. Conclusion The outcome of patients with acute cerebral infarction is significantly related to the level of BP;A U-shaped relationship was found between BP and prognosis among the patients of PACI;Among the patients with severe arterial stenosis or occlusion,patients whose SBP average of the first 3 days145 mm Hg had good outcome than those whose SBP145 mm Hg,suggesting that BP should be controlled properly even in the patients with severe vascular stenosis.


DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1173592 ABSTRACT This paper attempts on optimizing the turning process under various machining parameters by Taguchi method to develop or implement the quality of a machined product. Taguchi optimization methodology is applied to optimize cutting parameters in turning mild steel with coated cemented carbide tool under dry cutting condition. The CNC turning machine is used to conduct experiments based on the Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) with an orthogonal L9 array. The orthogonal array, signal to noise ratio (S/N) and analysis of variance were employed to find the maximum material removal rate (MRR) and minimum surface roughness.


-- Uses the stress-adaptation model as its conceptual framework-- The latest classification of psychiatric disorders in DSM IV-- Access to 50 psychotropic drugs with client teaching guidelines on our website-- Each chapter based on DSM IV diagnoses includes tables with abstracts describing recent research studies pertaining to specific psychiatric diagnoses-- Within the DSM IV section, each chapter features a table with guidelines for client/family education appropriate to the specific diagnosis-- Four new chapters: Cognitive Therapy, Complementary Therapies, Psychiatric Home Health Care, and Forensic Nursing-- Includes critical pathways for working in case management situations-- Chapters include objectives, glossary, case studies using critical thinking, NCLEX-style chapter review questions, summaries, and care plans with documentation standards in the form of critical pathways-- The only source to thoroughly cover assertiveness training, self-esteem, and anger/aggression management-- Key elements include historic and epidemiologic factors; background assessment data, with predisposing factors/symptomatology for each disorder; common nursing diagnoses with standardized guidelines for intervention in care; and outcome criteria, guidelines for reassessment, evaluation of care, and specific medication/treatment modalities-- Special topics include the aging individual, the individual with HIV/AIDS, victims of violence, and ethical and legal issues in psychiatric/mental health nursing-- Includes information on the Mental Status exam, Beck depression scale, and Holmes & Rahe scale defense mechanisms criteria


PVZ remains the only licensed intervention to prevent severe RSV infection. The last formal cost-utility analysis (CUA) of its use in Canadian premature infants was published in 2010 (Smart J Med Econ 2010). Since then, the 3-variable International Risk Scoring tool (IRST) has been published (Blanken Pediatr Pulmonol 2018), which can guide prophylaxis for infants born 32-35 wGA at greatest risk of RSV hospitalization (RSVH).

 The objective of this study was to incorporate the IRST and non-hospitalized, medically-attended (emergency room/outpatient) RSV infections (MARI) into a CUA for the first time to provide an up-to-date economic evaluation of palivizumab versus no prophylaxis in Canadian 29-31 wGA and 32-35 wGA infants.

 Infants followed a semi-Markov process, having an RSVH, MARI, or being uninfected/non-medically attended. Hospitalized infants could be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU; 17.9%) and ICU-admitted infants could die (0.43%). All surviving infants could experience respiratory morbidity up to 18 years, according to RSV infection and PVZ status. The RSVH rate in non-prophylaxed 29-31 wGA and moderate to high (MH) risk 32-35 wGA infants was 5.9% and 6.3%, respectively. PVZ reduced RSVH by 63.3% and 82.2% in 29-31 wGA and 32-35 wGA infants, respectively. PVZ costs (assuming 50 mg: CAN$752; 100 mg: $1,505) were calculated using Canadian birth statistics. The base case assumed all 29-31 wGA infants and MH-risk 32-35 wGA infants received PVZ, inclusion of indirect costs, no vial sharing, and a lifetime time horizon with 1.5% discounting. A cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of ≤$50,000 was considered cost-effective.

 PVZ prophylaxis resulted in a cost/QALY of $29,579 in 29-31 wGA infants and $27,951 in MH-risk 32-35 wGA infants versus no prophylaxis. In deterministic sensitivity analyses (±20% on main variables) the model was most sensitive to utility scores, PVZ cost, non-prophylaxed RSVH rate, and PVZ efficacy. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses (10,000 iterations) resulted in incremental costs of $30,857/QALY, with a 76.0% probability of cost-effectiveness at a $50,000 willingness-to-pay threshold for 29-31 wGA infants, and $28,167/QALY and 79.1% for MH-risk 32-35 wGA infants.

 This new CUA, the first to incorporate the IRST and MARI, found that PVZ is highly cost-effective in Canadian 29-35 wGA infants (vs no prophylaxis) and has implications for prophylaxis policies in Canada.

 Xavier Carbonell-Estrany and Bosco Paes have received research funding and/or compensation as advisor/lecturer from AbbVie and AstraZeneca. Jean-Eric Tarride has nothing to disclose. Barry Rodgers-Gray, Ian Keary and John Fullarton employers have received payment from AbbVie and AstraZeneca for work on various projects.


The article is devoted to the problem of developing students' critical thinking ability, the ability to analyze information and make independent decisions during foreign language classes at university. The article studies the problem of finding the most effective ways and methods to increase the level of students' achievement in non-linguistic universities, which largely determines the need to form critical thinking. It is noted that the application of critical thinking development technologies in traditional models of teaching is a condition and a way of successful mastering a foreign language at university. Through the analyses of scientific sources devoted to the problem of critical thinking development, and based on the methods of pedagogical modeling, a technology has been developed for effective teaching a foreign language during practical classes. The article considers the teaching methods and requirements towards foreign language classes. To assess the effectiveness of technology, models of practical assignments that stimulate students' critical thinking are noted. Group work, discussions, business games, "Clusters" method are suggested as an important component. This model is aimed at developing students' linguistic competence as well as their critical thinking due to the ability to combine different types of intellectual activity in class. The described technology also helps students to acquire a communication culture, develop their speech and obtain additional information necessary in both educational and further professional


Ad-hoc networks do not rely on a preexisting infrastructure such as Access Points(AP) in wireless network infrastructure. Instead each node participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes. It makes required broadcasting to transmit packets to the whole network. In that part, each node tries to transmit data without any information about the other nodes. Therefore it causes duplication of transmission and waste of power. This paper presents adaptive probabilistic broadcasting schemes based on packet reception counts to alleviate the broadcast storm problem for wireless ad hoc networks. In this algorithm, each node calculates efficiency broadcast probability. Simulation results for the proposed flood algorithm are also presented.


This paper represents the application of grey programming in Flights Schedule Recovery Problem (FSRP). The ready time of recovery aircrafts is a grey variable at the beginning of resuming phrase, but few authors considered it. In this paper, a grey programming method is introduced to solve the FSRP. A mathematical model for FSRP including grey parameters is presented and a grey simulation technology based on shortest path algorithm is proposed to get the optimal results. The feasibility and effectiveness of the model and method are verified by the simulation results.


ABSTRACT A study was made to follow up on questions about the conception of preconventional moral reasoning in Kohlberg's cognitive development theory. Based an earlier findings, the following hypotheses were formulated: (1) children will express genuine fairness and interpersonal concerns at the level of preconventional moral reasoning; (2) while children's moral reasoning at stage 1 may be characterized by unilateral respect for rules or unquestioned rule obedience, a punishment orientation will not be a predominant concern; and (3) moral reasoning at stage 2 cannot be explained exclusively by the model of instrumental exchange; children's arguments will show genuine concern for the welfare of others and an acceptance of moral rules which have the purpose of protecting the psychological well-being of others. Participants were 65 urban Icelandic children aged 7, 9, and 12 years, who were presented with a modification of Kohlberg's classical Judy dilemma. Findings supported the contention that genuine interpersonal and fairness concerns are present at the preconventional level; refuted the assumption of a punishment orientation in the young child; and supported the idea of an unquestioned respect for rules. It is concluded that the findings present a serious challenge to the basic theoretical assumptions underlying Kohlberg's theory of moral development. (RN)


The deflagration behavior of thermally damaged HMX-based materials will be discussed. Strands of material were burned at pressures ranging from 10-300 MPa using the LLNL high pressure strand burner. Strands were heated in-situ and burned while still hot; temperatures range from 90-200 C and were chosen in order to allow for thermal damage of the material without significant decomposition of the HMX. The results indicate that multiple variables affect the burn rate but the most important are the polymorph of HMX and the nature and thermal stability of the non-HE portion of the material. Characterization of the strands indicate that the thermal soak produces significant porosity and permeability in the sample allowing for significantly faster burning due to the increased surface area and new pathways for flame spread into the material. Specifically, the deflagration rates of heated PBXN-9, LX-10, and PBX-9501 will be discussed and compared.


An exact solution to the bending of variable-thickness orthotropic plates is developed for a variety of boundary conditions. The procedure, based on a Levy-type solution considered in conjunction with the state-space concept, is applicable to inhomogeneous variable-thickness rectangular plates with two opposite edges simply supported. The remaining ones are subjected to a combination of clamped, simply supported, and free boundary conditions, and between these two edges the plate may have varying thickness. The procedure is valuable in view of the fact that tables of deflections and stresses cannot be presented for inhomogeneous variable-thickness plates as for isotropic homogeneous plates even for commonly encountered loads because the results depend on the inhomogeneity coefficient and the orthotropic material properties instead of a single flexural rigidity. Benchmark numerical results, useful for the validation or otherwise of approximate solutions, are tabulated. The influences of the degree of inhomogeneity, aspect ratio, thickness parameter, and the degree of nonuniformity on the deflections and stresses are investigated.


Objective To build the model of forestomach neoplasm of mice and observe the effectiveness on anti-oxidative function of lycopene.Methods KM mice were randomly divided into 5 groups equally.The normal group were given oil,others were given B(a)P twice each week by mouth,to observe the growth of forestomach neoplasm and the oxidative damage of mice after 24 weeks.At the same time the model and normal group were given the normal feeds,but others were given different doses lycopence feeds.Results Lycopene has strong inhibiting effects on forestomach neoplasm.It can increase the activities of SOD、GSH and GSH-Px,reduce the serum of MDA(P0.05).Conclusion Lycopene could inhibit the growth of forestomach neoplasm,The mechanism of action could be related to increase the antioxidative function and reduce the serum of MDA in mice.


Invasive candidiasis is an important health-care-associated fungal infection. Candida is often described as an opportunistic pathogen. It is commensal flora in the gastrointestinal tract. Invasive candidiasis can happen usually because of a consequence of increased or abnormal colonization together with a local or generalized defect in host defenses. Candidiasis can occur in patients with HIV, therapy with a broad-spectrum antibiotic, transplant organ, and immunocompromised. Most cases of gastric perforation occur as complications of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and gastric neoplasms, but candidiasis as a cause of gastric perforation is very rare. This study aims to reveal the correlation between gastric perforation with candidiasis and NSAIDs. It was reported that a 57-year-old East Java Indonesian female presented with severe epigastric pain, generalized peritonitis, fever, nausea also vomiting and had a history of NSAIDs used for five years. The patient was taken to the general surgery of Dr. Sutomo Surabaya Hospital and performed exploratory laparotomy. A gastric perforation was discovered in the antrum. Microbiology culture examination from biopsy gastric tissue revealed an intense fungal growth from sabouraudagar medium and there is no other microorganism that grew in aerobic culture. Candida albicans was identified by VITEK® 2 COMPACT. Histopathological examination from biopsy gastric tissue was performed by Olympus CX-21 microscope, showed invasive Candida albicans consisting of numerous fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae invading and destroying the gastric wall. The patient was subsequently treated with fluconazole anti-fungal and discharge home after nine days postoperative period in good condition. From this result, we suggest using an antifungal treatment for patients who use NSAIDs for long periods to prevent candidiasis.


As part of perestroika, many significant changes were made to the Soviet legal code. However, inconsistencies and ambiguities can be identified in many of the new laws adopted under Gorbachev's leadership: on constitutional reform, on the economy and in criminal law. In particular, the 1991 Soviet criminal law reform presented few innovations compared with the previous legislation. In fact, it preserved the material element in the definition of a crime and incorporated a penal system ‐ which still included the death penalty ‐ substantially similar to its predecessor.


The National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) in England and Wales was established as a single entity in 1946 and operated as such for almost half a century. During those 50 years, the blood service in Wales, as in the rest of the UK, saw many technological and operational changes. The automation of donation testing, the introduction of successive layers of microbiological screening, the creation of the Tissue Typing Laboratory (later renamed the Welsh Transplantation and Immunogenetics Laboratory) and the development of information technology brought – over a relatively long period – highly significant improvements to an organisation that had begun life as an Emergency Medical Service. Differing funding and reporting arrangements for the Welsh and English blood services made little difference in practice, but the devolution of government following the 1997 referendum in Wales would have a profound influence.


During the development of control systems, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) takes place between design level simulations and costly experiments with the real plant. In this particular experiment the controller is designed under Orccad, as a set of multi-rate tasks, allowing for testing weakly hard scheduling schemes. The controller is embedded on a microcontroller synchronized via a CAN bus to a mini-drone simulator. Observing the simulation traces helps to tune the control design, and avoid crashing down the real system in early testing.


An octagonal FPSO has been proposed for marginal oil and gas development in shallow waters. A shuttle tanker will be deployed near the FPSO during offloading operations. This new concept simplifies the design and manufacturing processes, yet maintains full production, storage, and offloading functions of a conventional ship-shaped FPSO. However, design of the mooring system for this floating unit imposes technical challenges due to: 1) high environmental loads expected on this unit, 2) large dynamic offsets of the unit in shallow waters, and 3) inadequate performance of catenary mooring systems in shallow waters. Thus, development of a viable station keeping solution becomes a key issue to the new concept FPSO design. In this paper, an innovative mooring system is designed to meet the challenges. The FPSO mooring system consists of pile anchors, bridle chains, anchorage buoys, and polyester ropes. Nine mooring lines are grouped into three bundles which evenly spread around the FPSO. The shuttle tanker is attached to the FPSO with a nylon rope hawser at the bow and secured to pre-installed anchorage buoys at the stern with two other nylon ropes. Analyses have been performed for the FPSO mooring system. It is concluded that the proposed mooring system is fully functional and effective.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


We show how results known for discrete time GI/GI/1 systems with service time distributions of finite support can be generalized to include arbitrary, especially long-tailed distributions of the service time. Therefore we prove and exploit the property, that the tail of the service time distribution beyond a certain bound has negligible effect on the idle times. This enables to compute the idle time distribution in a modified system with appropriately truncated service time. Knowledge of the idle time distribution represents one factor and thus the decisive part of the Wiener-Hopf factorization method to obtain the steady state distribution of the workload. We apply the workload analysis to Pareto distributed service demands, which are observed for the size of files transmitted over the Internet and which generate self-similar traffic pattern. Although difficulties remain in order to evaluate extremely large workload percentiles from the obtained generating functions e.g. for GI/Pareto/1 systems, we can derive lower bounds being confirmed in the special case of M/Pareto/1 by known similar results.


A semiclassical treatment of multiple transition points for electronic transitions in atom(ion)‐diatom collisions is presented. The treatment, based on a theory by W. H. Miller and T. F. George [J. Chem. Phys. 56, 5637 (1972)], involves the semiclassical evaluation of a path integral connecting the initial and final states of a given collision. The evaluation considers first the classical limit of an electronic propagator, which is a function of the time development of the nuclear degrees of freedom, and then the classical limit of a nuclear path integral containing the electronic propagator. The treatment of multiple transition points in the electronic propagator is presented in analogy with the problem of motion over multiple barriers. For transition points close in time a uniform approximation must be introduced in the evaluation of the electronic propagator. This is distinguished from another uniform approximation which might be necessary in the evaluation of the nuclear path integral. The resulting f...


Abstract An understanding of the formation of urethan foams involves consideration of the organic chemistry of the reactions leading to gas formation and molecular growth, the colloid chemistry of nucleation phenomena and bubble stability, and the rheology of the polymer system as it cures. Experimental data are not available to permit complete evaluation of all details of the foam formation and cure. Nevertheless enough information has been developed in the urethan and related fields to permit one to develop a fairly reasonable explanation of the process. This summary attempts to present such a picture, and is not concerned with the more familiar areas of foam production and foam properties. A distinction is made between experimentally observed data and reasonable speculation. One may naturally assume that future research will modify and extend the concepts presented here.


This paper presents a non-linear formulation for size and shape ∗ optimization of compliant mechanisms using tapered beam elements. Designs based on linear and nonlinear formulations are compared using a stroke amplification mechanism example. Also, the scaling effect of the compliant mechanism is investigated.


Background and Aim: Effective prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) requires public health focus on challenges at the community level. This study aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 preventive behavior among people in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, using the health belief model.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The study sample included 385 randomly selected individuals. The dependent variable was COVID-19 preventive behavior. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis using Stata Statistical Software version 13 for Windows 64 bit.

Results: COVID-19 preventive behavior was positively and directly associated with perceived benefits (b=0.20; confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.11-0.29; p<0.001), perceived barriers (b=–0.15; CI 95% –0.24-–0.06; p=0.002), and biological sex (b=–0.43; CI 05% –0.78-–0.08; p=0.016). Preventive behavior was also positively and directly associated with attitude (b=0.48; CI 95% –0.20-1.16; p=0.167) and perceived susceptibility (b=0.06; CI 95% –0.01-0.12; p=0.083), though these associations were not significant. Preventive behavior was indirectly associated with knowledge, perceived severity, age, health facility availability, and regulation exposure.

Conclusion: COVID-19 preventive behavior among people in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, is directly related to the perceived benefits, biological sex, perceived barriers, attitude, and perceived susceptibility. Preventive behavior of COVID-19 is indirectly associated with knowledge, perceived severity, age, health facility availability, and exposure to regulation.


Significance Recently, the mammalian disaggregase that can disassemble α-synuclein fibrils was reconstituted in vitro. However, it was unclear if this disaggregase can function in vivo. Here we show that overexpressing Hsp110, a limiting component of the disaggregase, is beneficial in reducing α-synuclein fibrillar pathology in 2 distinct mouse models of Parkinson's disease. This reduction in α-synuclein pathology leads to improved survival. Significantly, Hsp110 overexpression is associated with a broad elevation of chaperones and may be an effective therapeutic strategy against synucleinopathies. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the aggregation of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein and its deposition into pathologic Lewy bodies. While extensive research has been carried out on mediators of α-synuclein aggregation, molecular facilitators of α-synuclein disaggregation are still generally unknown. We investigated the role of molecular chaperones in both preventing and disaggregating α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils, with a focus on the mammalian disaggregase complex. Here, we show that overexpression of the chaperone Hsp110 is sufficient to reduce α-synuclein aggregation in a mammalian cell culture model. Additionally, we demonstrate that Hsp110 effectively mitigates α-synuclein pathology in vivo through the characterization of transgenic Hsp110 and double-transgenic α-synuclein/Hsp110 mouse models. Unbiased analysis of the synaptic proteome of these mice revealed that overexpression of Hsp110 can override the protein changes driven by the α-synuclein transgene. Furthermore, overexpression of Hsp110 is sufficient to prevent endogenous α-synuclein templating and spread following injection of aggregated α-synuclein seeds into brain, supporting a role for Hsp110 in the prevention and/or disaggregation of α-synuclein pathology.


Arms control and disarmament have become during recent years the subject of a quite sophisticated interdisciplinary analysis. Most of the studies have been predominantly policy-oriented, and the authors make no excuses for frequent digressions from analysis to prescription. This is all as it should be. The reader is, however, often unable to identify the particular value preferences and assumptions about &dquo;reality&dquo; that tend to focus and structure the analysis and thus heavily influence the final recommendations. This makes an evaluation of the policy recommendations extremely difficult. We shall not attempt to analyze the facts and values behind the arms recommendations advanced in the constantly expanding literature. This has been done quite skillfully elsewhere.' Our aim is the more modest one of articulating some key assumptions about the objectives and conduct of &dquo;the other side&dquo; in the present arms race, which have led us to believe that arms control may turn out to be a concept of ~ major 'operational siginificance in the present international system. Any meaningful discussion of arms control must be predicated on certain assumptions about Soviet conduct and interests. Too often the writers on arms control either ignore this problem, elabo-


The geochemical properties of content,distribution and existence mode of As in coal are summarized.The behavior of transition and transformation of As in coal combustion is analyzed.It is displayed that the combustion and evolution of As in coal is not only associated with its physicochemical properties,but also rests with the factors of concentration,existence mode and combustion condition,etc.The technology of As retention with calcium-based materials and the research progress of As pollution control in coal combustion are discussed further.


It is argued that a good wavelet for representing a given signal is one that leads to a compact representation of the signal up to a given scale. Unfortunately, minimizing the distance between a given signal and its approximation up to a given scale using any wavelet is a difficult optimization problem. Instead, a tight upper bound on that distance is developed. The bound is an explicit function of the discrete set of coefficients defining the wavelet. By minimizing this upper bound one then obtains a good wavelet for representing the given signal.<<ETX>>


AIM To study the defensive effect of glycoprotein and phospholipids in gastric mucosa in rats. METHODS Thirty six rats were divided into 5 groups. Group Ⅰ was normal control group; group Ⅱ injured control by 100% ethanol; group Ⅲ colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De Nol) with ethanol; group Ⅳ sucralfate ethanol and group Ⅴ ranitidine ethanol group. Hexosamine and phospholipids levels in gastric mucosa and gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF), electrical potential difference (PD), surface hydrophobicity of gastric mucosa were measured. RESULTS After gastric mucosa of rats were injuried by ethanol, hexosamine and phospholipids levels were decreased significantly ( P 0 01). De Nol and sucralfate elevated the levels of hexosamine and phospholipids as compared with the injuried control group by ethanol. The levels of hexosamine and phospholipids of gastric mucosa were positively correlated significantly with GMBF, PD and surface hydrophobicity of gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION The levels of hexosamine and phospholipids in gastric mucosa were good markers for gastric mucosal defense.


Apart from fibre diameter, the difference in velocity between infants and adults might possibly depend on a difference in temperature, since lowering the temperature slows nerve conduction. 4, However, using a thermistor, THOMAS and LAMBERT found that the mean temperature in the forearm muscles of 27 newborns was 1 3" C. higher than the corresponding value obtained in adults by HENRIKSEN4, so low temperature cannot be blamed for the infant's slow conduction. THOMAS and LAMBERT also found that as the full-term infant ages the velocity of its nerve conduction steadily increases. At first the increase is fairly rapid but it levels off later. By 6 months the velocities ranged from 35 to 45 m./sec., and between 6 and 12 months roughly half the children had velocities over 50 m./sec. By 3 years practically all the values were in the lower adult range, and by 5 years the child's conduction velocity was essentially the same as the adult's. Four of the prematures, aged 16, 46, 1 and 9 days, had very similar conduction velocities. This was ascribed to the fact that, in spite of their different chronological ages, the four infants were all still 37-40 days short of their fullterm. THOMAS and LAMBERT concluded that conduction velocity and nerve maturation are more closely related to age from conception than to age after birth. GAMSTORP'~ has compared the conduction velocity of the ulnar, median and peroneal nerves in infants and children and has found differences in the rate of increase in conduction velocity with age in the different nerves. In another investigation of premature infants, CERRA and JOHN SON'^ studied the conduction velocity of the ulnar and peroneal nerves in 11 prematures ranging in birth-weight from 1241 to 1957 g., and in gestation from 32 to 40 weeks. The assessments were done from 7 to 31 days after birth. From 19 observations on ulnar nerve conduction they obtained a mean velocity of 20.2 m./sec., which agrees remarkably well with the figure of 20.7 obtained by THOMAS and LAMBERT. hey also established a statistically significant correlation between the conduction velocity and the degree of prematurity, as judged by weight, but since they did not attempt to differentiate dysmature from premature infants this last conclusion may not be valid. There is still need for a prospective study of motor nerve conduction in premature as well as dysmature infants. Serial assessments of the same infants from birth until 2 years of age or more should yield interesting information, not only on the variations in conduction velocity but also on the whole process of maturation of the peripheral nervous system.


In the article I discuss the work in and of theory, performance studies in particular, which is not sheltered from the general change of modes of work in performing arts. The reason for taking such a perspective lies in my claim that while 'contemporary theory' emerged in the social and intellectual context of the 1960s as a politically laden discourse, in the current context of cognitive capitalism and immaterial production more and more often appears as a cognitive commodity. In contemporary international Artworld, the use of theory is greatly expanding, from the academy to the independent scene. Curricula, bookstores, artists' websites, programme booklets, festivals' brochures and conversations among scholars, artists and curators all reverberate with theoretical references. On the other hand, many still resist theory, contesting its scientific and philosophical validity or relevance to artistic practice. I find it an intense 'time of theory' and therefore the right moment to reflect it critically. I start my discussion with a critical analysis of the transformation of 'theoretical practice' into 'theoretical production' in humanities, whereby it went through the process of decontextualisation. Speaking about performance studies in particular, I identify lack of methodology as a negative outcome of that process, which results in the situation where the notion of performance is used as metaphor and where theory looses its interpretative and interventive capability. My request for methodology doesn't have much to do with a 'scientific puritanism', but with my wish to challenge the state of political paralysis of performance studies. Therefore I try to outline a proposition for 'critical performance studies'. I envisage it as a theoretical practice that associates interest in performance and critical social theory, asking both performance and performance theory sharp political questions, whereby rendering performing arts a relevant space for discussing current socio-political issues.


Ceftiofur is a potent antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. Recently, we developed a sensitive, monoclonal antibody‐based competition ELISA for detecting ceftiofur. In lactating dairy cattle, ceftiofur is used for the treatment of pneumonia. We report here the application of our previously developed ELISA to the analysis of ceftiofur and its metabolites in milk. In this ELISA, raw milk is simply diluted and added directly into the ELISA. Using ceftiofur standards, the immunoassay has a lower limit of detection near 1 ppb. Matrix effects in milk, however, require that samples be diluted and thus ceftiofur levels below 1 ppm were not measured. At fortification levels between 25 and 2 ppm, an average recovery of 99.8 ±18 was observed. Analysis of incurred residues in animals injected daily with therapeutic doses of drug for 5 consecutive days correlated well with studies by others measuring total l4C‐Ceftiofur residues in animals given the same dose and regime. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)...


It was determined to disinfect waste water with chlorine dioxide in the hospital.The chlorine dioxide had the advantages of good disinfection effect,meeting the national primary drainage standard(GB8978-1996) for pollutants and low operation expenses.This practice gave a reference to disinfection of suchlike waste water.


Recent experimental data and theoretical developments on the production of lepton pairs in hadron collisions are reviewed. With emphasis on the interplay between theory and experimen t , the relevance of theoretical calculations to the data available at present energies is critically examined. The Dreil-Yan mechanism is found to be phenomenologically dominant provided that the parton distribution functions contain effects of gluon radiation in a narrow cone . Explicit QCD perturbative calculations of the non-Drell-Yan type yield results that are apparently important at large transverse momenta, but are contradicted by subsequent data at 400 GeV and below. A consistent picture in the parton model is sketched . Further experiments to probe the basic mechanism are suggested . * On leave of absence from the Physics Department, University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 9 7403 , U . S . A.


Artificial neural networks have gained attention as a fast, efficient, flexible and accurate tool in the areas of microwave modeling, simulation and optimization. In this paper, a novel neural network approach is proposed for the modeling of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT) directly from their S-Parameter data. The neural network structure incorporates bias current and bias voltage as inputs. This enables us to use the same neural model under different bias conditions. The proposed technique provides reliable neural transistor models, while significantly reducing the cost effort and complexity involved in the modeling of HBT.


The Early Years Foundation Stage identifies that when parents and practitioners work together it has positive impacts on children's development and learning.


In recent years, increased air temperature in a city is caused owing to increase of human activities, energy consumption, and change of a land covering situation, etc. It is known well that if severe heat is prolonged, the demand of electric power will increase, and if it becomes a warm winter, consumption of gas will decrease. The maximum quantity is not broken about electric power demand in the Korea in the past several weeks. In this research, detailed analysis was performed about electrical power supply in Taegu city and temperature change for the purpose of clarifying the actual condition of electrical power supply and air temperature sensitivity.


This paper analyzes the welfare impact of supervisory shopping in the banking sector. Supervisory shopping leads to a welfare-increasing "race to the top" among supervisors, if strong supervision increases banks' access to deposits by signaling that banks have a less risky balance sheet. However, if deposits are subsidized through an underpriced financial safety net, banks shop for a weak supervisor in order to maximize gains from risk-shifting. Supervisory shopping then precipitates a "race to the bottom." In an extension of the framework, contingent convertible bonds (CoCos) prevent banks from risk-shifting and supervisory shopping becomes socially desirable again.


terms of how much the interference of the child's physical or mental disorder in the functioning of her or his environment is minimized. These occupations relate mainly to the child's family; thus the individual lifestyle and desires of the family should also be taken into account. Attending a theatrical show, dining in a restaurant, attending a service or simply watching television together may be the real issues that need addressing for some clients. Broadening the horizon of occupation is a challenging but worthwhile process. We should be daring: listening carefully to children and families from a client-centred perspective, explaining to our clients the broad meaning of occupation and reflecting on whether we limit ourselves stereotypically to particular occupations. We should critically appraise our practices (assessment, intervention, outcome measurement and documentation) in terms of the full range of childhood occupations. Therapists have to encompass them all to be able to address clients' needs. By expanding the range of occupations considered, especially in relation to children's occupations, we increase our ability to facilitate occupational health and wellbeing while simultaneously demonstrating occupational therapy's enormous potential — thus strengthening our profession.