The study aimed at determining the extent of community participation in funding of secondary schools in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. The design adopted for the study was a descriptive survey research design. The study was carried out in Abakliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State. All the 59 principals and 1,922 teachers in the 59 public secondary schools in Abakaliki Education Zone comprises the population of the study. Four hundred and forty three (443) respondents out of which 59 principals and 384 teachers formed the sample of the study. This sample was drawn through proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A researcher's structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question while t-test was used to test the null hypothesis. The results showed that communities to a very high extent participate in the funding of secondary schools. Based on the aforementioned, it was recommended that government in conjunction with state Ministry of Education and Secondary Education Board (SEB) should make provisions for constant seminars/workshops and conferences for principals, community members and traditional rulers on the need for effective community participation in the funding of secondary schools.


Abstract During the tenth season of excavations at Shahr-i Sokhta excavations continued in the Graveyard, and Craftsman's areas. This work revealed new graves, including one containing an artificial eye. Supplementary research has also been carried out on human teeth from the site, and an archaeo-botanical project is also being undertaken.


This article argues that two revised National Administration Guidelines (NAG 1, v & NAG 2, iii) overlook the complexities of local histories. Although, not in any way opposing the intent of consultation implicit within the revised NAGs, in its review of the situation the article does illustrate some of the historical difficulties being faced by one school attempting to give effect to these guidelines. There may be lessons here for other similar schools. The secondary school concerned has a history of excluding Maori students and failing to effectively "consult" the local hapu (Maori subtribe/s), who have long assumed manawhenua (territorial authority) status over the area encompassing the school site. Thus any future attempt by the school to comply with the revised NAGs is likely to prove a difficult exercise.


...........................................................................................................I DECLARATION....................................................................................................II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................III TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... IV LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... VIII LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................ VIII LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ X LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................... XI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................1 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................1 1.2 Aim and Objectives.............................................................................7 1.3 Structure of Thesis .............................................................................8


This article proposes a mathematical optimization procedure designed to generate an economical measurement model for determining the risk of decision error (customer risk). The model includes an optimal guardbanding to reduce the impacts of measurement errors .A mathematical model is provided as an example, and conclusions are drawn.


Cultivated peanut, also known as groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is grown on 25.5 million hectares between latitudes 40" Nand 40° S with a total global production of 35 million Ions (MOO). Peanuts originated in South America; however, the vast majority of peanut is produced in Asia (66.8%: 23.4 Mt) /lndia Africa (24.6%: 8.6 MI). The remaining 8,6% (3 Mt) comes from North America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Oceania


The volumes of the Pasquali edition of Goldoni's collected works are preceded by pieces of critical autobiography. Issued in Venice in 1761, the year before Goldoni's move to Paris, they constitute his first extended commentary upon his achievement and the life adventures in and outside of the theatre from which so much of it was derived. Not the least embarrassing of these immodest essays was that in the first volume, which displayed Goldoni's pride in his precocity as a child playwright. More was perhaps said, though, in the engraved frontispiece than in the verbal boasting.


A new oxime ligand named isophthalaldoxime (1) was synthesized by the addition of hydroxylamine hydrochloride to isophthalaldehyde. Then, a four nuclear palladacycle complex {Pd4[(N,C)(NOHCHC6H2CHNOH)(μ-Cl)2]2} (2) was prepared and fully characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy. A desolvation method was employed for the synthesis of protein nanoparticles using bovine serum albumin (BSA). Then, complex (2) was loaded on the prepared nanoparticles with an optimized entrapment efficiency (EE) of 97.78% and loading capacity (LC) of 22.68%. FT-IR spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) were used for spectral studies. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement was applied for structural studies on the morphology, size, and zeta potential of BSA nanoparticles (BSA-NPs) and complex-loaded nanoparticles ((2)@BSA-NPs). The results showed the stability and acceptable size of nanoparticles prepared for the in vitro drug release experiment. Therefore, the in vitro release of (2) from BSA-NPs was studied using the dialysis bag method. In addition, the release mechanism was investigated by mathematical methods and the results showed that phase I and II of the release process followed Korsmeyer–Peppas and Higuchi models, respectively. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicities of the synthesized nanoparticles, palladium complex, and complex-loaded nanoparticles were carried out against A549 human lung carcinoma and K562 human leukemia cell lines using MTT colorimetric assays.


Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are revolutionizing biomedical research by providing powerful methods for generating genomic and epigenomic profiles. The rapid progress is posing an acute challenge to students and researchers to stay acquainted with the numerous available methods. We have developed an interactive online educational resource called SequencEnG (acronym for Sequencing Techniques Engine for Genomics) to provide a tree-structured knowledge base of 66 different sequencing techniques and step-by-step NGS data analysis pipelines comparing popular tools. SequencEnG is designed to facilitate barrier-free learning of current NGS techniques and provides a user-friendly interface for searching through experimental and analysis methods. SequencEnG is part of the project KnowEnG (Knowledge Engine for Genomics) and is freely available at http://education.knoweng.org/sequenceng/.


The construction of the innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system in Neusoft Institute Guangdong is an urgent issue under the encouragement of national policies and the promotion of social development. Research in this paper obtains relevant data through interviews and questionnaires. This paper presents analysis on the problems existing in the courses, practices and effects of innovation and entrepreneurship education. It is suggested to build a curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship based on the whole process of talent cultivation, including strengthening the cultivation of innovation consciousness, skills and spirit in the content of compulsory courses of innovation and entrepreneurship for all students, and weakening the content related to start-up management; strengthening the practice system of innovation and entrepreneurship education; constructing a talent cultivation program based on the concept of OBE and integrating majors and innovation and entrepreneurship education. 1. Development Background of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education 1.1 Policy Background In recent years, the state has vigorously promoted the education of innovation and entrepreneurship, and issued a series of documents encouraging the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. In 2005, the general office of the state council issued "the implementation opinions on deepening the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in institutions of higher learning",([2015]36) which put forward the following Suggestions: improve the quality standards of talent training; Innovate talent training mechanism; Improve education on innovation and entrepreneurship; Reform teaching methods and assessment methods; Strengthen the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship; Reform teaching and school roll management system; strengthen the teaching ability construction of teachers' innovation and entrepreneurship; Improve student entrepreneurship guidance service; We will improve the financial and policy system for innovation and entrepreneurship [1]. In 2017, the state council issued "the opinions on strengthening the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy and promoting the in-depth development of mass entrepreneurship and innovation".([2017]37) which put forward the following Suggestions: improve the environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, strengthen policy supply, break through development bottlenecks, unleash the full potential of innovation and entrepreneurship in society, and promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation on a larger scale, at a higher level and at a deeper level [2]. These documents provide important directions for colleges and universities to actively explore innovation and entrepreneurship education. 1.2 Social Development Background The fourth industrial revolution with the Internet of things, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence as the core is bringing unprecedented profound impact on the human society. Therefore, how to adapt to new technologies and new changing environment, and cultivate new talents with strong adaptability, learning ability and innovation ability has become an important 2020 International Seminar on Advances in Education, Teaching and E-learning (ISAETE 2020) Copyright © (2020) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/isaete.2020.051 281 course of education reform [3]. 2. An Analysis of the Curriculum System of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Neusoft Institute Guangdong 2.1 Basic Information Since Neusoft Institute Guangdong released the document "innovation and entrepreneurship guidance plan for students of Neusoft Institute Guangdong" in 2015, the innovation and entrepreneurship reform has entered the fast track and a relatively complete entrepreneurship education system has been established. It has built a team of entrepreneurship mentors covering both inside and outside the school with professional technical ability and entrepreneurship experience. A positive entrepreneurial atmosphere has been formed, and a summary of the school-running process in the past few years can provide suggestions for the Institute to build a high-level university with distinctive applied technologies [4]. In September 2017, Neusoft Institute Guangdong established the school of innovation and entrepreneurship management, and in January 2018, the china-southeast Asia family business research center was established. The school of innovation and entrepreneurship management is responsible for the management of innovation and entrepreneurship courses, family business research center and college student entrepreneurship center. By the end of 2018, all students will be offered compulsory courses "fundamental of innovation and entrepreneurship", "simulation of innovation and entrepreneurship" and optional courses "practical innovation and entrepreneurship". At present, the compulsory courses are "innovation, creative thinking and entrepreneurship" and "entrepreneurship". 2.2 Current Situation and Problems of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Courses By the end of 2018, compulsory courses for all students were "foundation of innovation and entrepreneurship" and "simulation of innovation and entrepreneurship". "Foundation of innovation and entrepreneurship" is positioned as a basic course of innovation and entrepreneurship for all students, which is a required course. It includes two learning contents: the first part is innovative thinking methods and tools, including logical thinking, divergent thinking, associative thinking, mind mapping, TRIZ and other contents. The second part introduces the process and method of ideas and new enterprises, including iedas, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial teams, resource integration, business model design, etc. "simulation of innovative entrepreneurship" as required courses for the students, choose "financial empire II" as teaching software tools. Students form teams, choose industries, set up enterprises, and make a series of decisions. The evaluation of students' performance can be obtained through soft performance, which is similar to a business decision game. After 3-4 years of practice, the main problem is that the teaching purpose and teaching content are not clear enough,the focus of teaching content is not prominent enough, the teaching quality of innovation and entrepreneurship needs to be improved. Since 2018, "entrepreneurship foundation", "innovative and creative thinking and entrepreneurship" and "entrepreneurship" have been successively launched, which is a process of adjusting the teaching content, reflecting on the teaching purpose and verifying the teaching effect. 2.3 Current Situation and Problems of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice System The innovation and entrepreneurship practice system of Neusoft Institute Guangdong is composed of SOVO, innovation and entrepreneurship competition, entrepreneurship 18MALL and IT pioneer park in south China. SOVO (Student office Visual office), is a platform where teachers guide college students to engage in practical projects. The teams focus on social and campus needs, give full play to their major advantages, and carry out the operation of virtual companies, including software companies, e-commerce companies, tourism development companies, etc., so as to apply professional


Due to the increasing waste generation over the years in China, there is an urgent need to addressing this major problem by implementing effective household waste separation programs. Although past studies have tried to explain the waste behaviour from social and psychological motivations, there is little understanding as to the impact of individual moral obligation and past experience on forming waste separating intention. The aim of this study is to investigate key determinants influencing household waste separation intention and behaviour. Based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model, we designed a survey questionnaire by taking account of determinants including residents' attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, moral obligation, past behaviour, and demographic factors, with the prediction of household waste separation behaviour in mind. After obtaining 628 valid questionnaires from households in the city of Hangzhou, the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of each construct. The results indicate that subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, past behaviour and intention significantly predict household waste separation behaviour, with past behaviour being the most significant construct to predict individuals' intention and behaviour. Additional analysis on the moderating effect of different kinds of people in terms of their genders, ages, income levels and perceived policy effectiveness, to further evoke household waste separation behaviours is also discussed. The findings suggest insightful future policies that can focus on residents' habit formation by providing the convenient location of waste separation and collection facilities, encouraging market-driven recycling programs and traders, promoting community campaigns and education which help residents to form favourable habits for protecting the environment.


Daido completed the reconstruction of the Wire Rod Mill at Daido Chita Plant in October of 1998. The purpose was to increase the quality and performance of products and improve the productivity. This reconstruction covers from roughing to intermediate train and various new equipment and new technology have been introduced. In this report, the outline and new technology with this reconstruction in described.


Recent years,Wireless Mesh network technology has become the research focus in the field of wireless communication.The paper analyses three kinds of scheduling mechanism in Mesh and the current research states.In view of the defects in the current distributed scheduling algorithm,it presents conflict avoidance cooperation distributed scheduling algorithm—TDSCH.


s can be sent directly to me or to the organization committee <email@example.com@siswo.uva.nl>. Session I Sharing and Supporting Archived Qualitative Data: Progress and Solutions. This session focuses on issues surrounding the provision of enhanced and accessible data and documentation resources for archived qualitative data. Papers that (a) present examples of/ideas for resources or training courses for supporting qualitative data use in research and teaching, or (b) address technical solutions for sharing and exchanging qualitative data, including online applications, will be welcomed. The prime aim of the session is to foster debate on how best to support researchers and teachers in approaching and undertaking secondary analysis or re-use of qualitative data. Other specific questions that the session would like to address are: what are best ways of providing flexible access to both the structural and analytic content of 'already analysed' qualitative data? What are the cultural, ethical and technical barriers to sharing qualitative data products? Session 2 Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data. Archived qualitative data are a rich and unique yet often unexploited source of research material that can be reanalysed, reworked, compared with contemporary data. This session aims to debate the methodological, ethical and theoretical considerations relating to the secondary analysis of qualitative data. In the first instance, papers will be considered that either present case studies based on re-using qualitative data, or draw out the strengths and weaknesses of particular secondary analytic approaches. Sessions Organiser: Louise Corti, UK Data Archive, Economic and Social Data Service, University of Essex, Colchester UK; firstname.lastname@example.com; tel 44 (0) 1206


Considering the coupling of active and reactive power of synchronous generator,this paper elaborates synchronous generator operating limits in details,and then an optimal load shedding model based on AC power flow is established within the limits.Through the analysis assessment of RBTS reliability test system,a quantitative study of the impact of operating limits on the grid reliability is implemented.Meanwhile,the influence of the different parameter values in operating limits on power system reliability assessment result is investigated,such as the magnitude of excitation EMF,maximum stator current,maximum power angle.Simulation results show that synchronous generator operating limits have significant impact on power system reliability and make the result more objective and practical.


The paper presents the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of two groups of hydrothermal rocks and their relation with subalkaline granites of the Ermakovskoe deposit. The first group includes fluorite-phenakite-bertrandite ore bodies, occurring outside the granite massif. The second group is presented by silicification bodies with sulfates, phosphates, kaolinite, muscovite and hematite. It bears REE (rare earth elements) mineralization (monazite, florencite, xenotime) and occurs within the massif. Our research included isotopic analyses of Sr, Nd and O, studies of trace, including rare-earth element compositions and age determination (U-Pb) of apatite from F-Be ores. Geochemical and isotopic studies are not according with relation between F-Be ores and granites. This is proven by the absence of Be-mineralization in granites and schlieren pegmatites, and a sharp difference in composition of their fluid phases. A reductive fluid specification forming F-Be ores (containing CH 4 , H 2 , N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 S), contrasts sharply with fluid specification of granites. The granites are characterized by high oxygen fugacity, due to ferrous iron, sulfates and phosphates. Besides isotopic composition of oxygen in quartz (7.4 and 5.1‰ δ 18 О V-SMOW respectively), initial Sr ratios (0.7056-0.7065 and 0.707-0.709 respectively) and REE compositions are different.


Puts forward the case for European property in a multi‐asset portfolio. Presents a quantitative approach for the construction of a Euro‐property portfolio. Concludes that this preliminary mean‐variable analysis shows that European property does provide significant diversification benefits both within a multi‐asset portfolio and within a pure European property portfolio context.


Inorganic nutrients have been the focus of most studies of the cycling and leaching of elements after disturbance. However, soluble organic nutrients, such as the forms of C, N, and P that are bound in organic matter, are also released from living and dead organic matter. The mechanisms by which inorganic nutrients are retained or lost after clearcutting are generally well known and illustrated in many studies. These include loss of root uptake (Likens and Bormann 1995), rapid recovery of root uptake by stump sprouts (Boring et al. 1988), recovery of root uptake by seedling growth (Marks 1974), delayed mineralization and subsequent nitrification due to a high C/N ratio in litter (Vitousek et al. 1979), temporary sorption on ion exchange sites (Vitousek et al. 1979), and in the case of P, fixation or sorption on soil (Wood et al. 1984; Walbridge et al. 1991). The increase in water flu;; from the root zone due to cutting and the concomitant reduction in evapotranspiration also plays an important role in controlling the leaching of nutrients (Likens and Bormann 1995). The factors that control the leaching of organic nutrients after clearcutting or other disturbances, however, have not been extensively investigated. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is the major form of N in the streamwater draining many mature forest watersheds (Lewis 2002; Perakis and Hedin 2007). Relatively high concentrations of DON drain from the forest floor, and this DON also generally makes up most of the total N draining from the forest floor of intact forests (Quails et al. 1991; Michalzik et al. 2001).The importance of DON in solution transport in intact forests and the sudden inputs of potentially soluble nutrients in logging slash suggest that the transport of soluble organic nutrients may be important in the retention or loss of nutrients after clearcutting. Our objectives in this study were to (i) compare fluxes of the dissolved organic nutrients dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DON, and dissolved organic phosphorus


Dominant hemisphere for language function is the left hemisphere, however patients experiencing aphasia followed by damage to language areas often shows good recovery in the days to weeks to even years after brain injury. According to the duration from brain injury, recovery period of language function in aphasia can be divided into three overlapping periods (acute, subacute, and chronic phase) with different underlying neural mechanisms. During subacute period of weeks to months following brain injury, reorganization of neural network through brain plasticity occurring in the both hemisphere plays a crucial role in recovery of language function. Recently, the potential use of functional neuroimaging has been raised to explain the underlying neural mechanism for language recovery, however, the brain areas and various factors affecting brain reorganization are still controversial. This article reviews the clinical evidence for recovery of language function through brain plasticity and reorganization and the factors affecting the recovery of language function in aphasic patients following brain injury. (Brain & NeuroRehabilitation 2010; 3: 20-26)


Taking its cue from modern debates on the expressive function of punishment, this paper discusses the stigmatizing effect of penalties in classical Athens. It focuses on corporal punishment, which was discursively associated in the Athenian public discourse (chiefly comedy and oratory) with slaves and other fringe groups of the citizen community, despite the fact that in reality, with only certain restrictions (e.g. whipping), it was meted out to all social tiers making up the polis-community. Unlike other penalties, those affecting the body were not only public, but not infrequently spectacular. This turned them into versatile devices of stigmatization whereby the punishment itself was no longer considered a one-off event, but a permanent mark branding the person who suffered it as a social outcast.


This paper presents work undertaken to investigate a temporary carrier technique to control the warpage of an organic coreless substrate during a flip chip assembly process that exploits the higher throughput technique of mass reflow chip joining. To optimally select an appropriate carrier and adhesive, a study of the forces necessary to maintain substrate flatness throughout a simulated temperature excursion of the chip joining process was conducted by developing a novel adaptation of the Shadow-Moiré fringe measurement technique. Different temporary adhesives and carriers were then investigated by modeling and mechanical testing as well as by thermal Shadow-Moiré comparison of free-standing versus bonded substrates during the chip joining temperature profile. These tests recommended the use of an aluminum carrier. Both polyimide and thermoplastic adhesive demonstrated improved results (20 µm warpage) with this carrier as compared to the freestanding substrate (40-100 µm), although the tendency of the thermoplastic to deform at elevated temperatures and stresses was identified as a concern. Subsequent assembly experiments on production scale equipment validated both the improved warpage control obtained by a temporary carrier solution and the superior performance of the polyimide adhesive. Results of the polyimide solution are presented through detailed comparison to a standard process. Significant improvements were observed in such aspects as die warpage (20-30 µm vs 130-140 µm), interconnect height consistency (56-59 µm vs 55-68 µm) and post underfill assembly warpage (150 µm vs 250 µm). The results warrant further work to develop a manufacturing level debonding process and ultimately integrate the entire solution into a high volume production flip chip assembly process.


The traditional prediction methods of the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) for the product require a large amount of historical data as support. But for the expensive aviation product, the degradation experiments with large sample sizes are unacceptable. Aiming at this problem, an adaptive RUL prediction method for the single aviation product based on the proportional degradation model is proposed. Firstly, a nonlinear Wiener degradation model with a proportional process is built. Then, based on the small sample or single sample degradation data, the degradation state update method based on the EM-KF is proposed. Finally, using the aviation product performance degradation data to verify the effectiveness of the method.


The equivalent resistance of 3×n-step network is studied again. By means of virtual current method, the 3×n-network is analyzed and a model of two-variable difference equation is proposed. The matrix transform is constructed by artifice. Based on different marginal conditions, a general formula for the inlet resistance of 3×n-network as well as an utmost rule for the equivalent resistance of 3×n-network are presented. It is proved that the utmost equivalent resistance of infinity resistance network is equal to a constant.


In order to improve the effectiveness of fuzzy three-way concept lattice information extraction, this paper proposes a fuzzy three-way concept lattice clustering compression method based on fuzzy three-way concept information system. By studying the relationship between fuzzy three-way concept and attributes, the diversity factor of fuzzy three-way concepts under each attribute is defined to obtain the distance between fuzzy three-way concepts. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to find cluster center in system clustering, we give a method of selecting cluster center and discuss a system clustering algorithm based on fuzzy three-way concept. Finally, K-deletion transformation under fuzzy formal context is analyzed, and a compressed lattice containing the original concept is established. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, which inhibits the activity of both isoforms of COX (1 and 2). Also, flurbiprofen is one of the most potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIDs) in terms of prostaglandin inhibitory activity via reversible inhibition of COX, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) and PGG2 to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). COX exists as two isoforms, constitutive COX-1 and inducible COX-2. Prostaglandins (PGs) formed by COX-1 are primarily involved in the regulation of homeostatic functions in physiological processes, whereas PGs formed by COX-2 primarily mediate pain, inflammation, and cancer pathophysiology (e.g. prostate cancer) [1].

Aktas et al. [2] investigated the effectiveness and safety of flurbiprofen alone or in combination with alfuzosin, in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostate obstruction (LUTS/BPO). The results showed that flurbiprofen increases the therapeutic effectiveness of alfuzosin by further improving symptoms in patients with LUTS/BPO. Combination therapy also improves urine flow compared to baseline. However, no superiority of monotherapy with flurbiprofen to alfuzosin is observed. Additionally, gastrointestinal adverse events are predominant in patients using flurbiprofen.

PGs contribute to urinary bladder physiology. It is known that PGs are released from the urinary bladder into the general circulation in response to distension. PGs originate from the urothelium and the muscle layer of the urinary bladder [3, 4]. PG synthesis is initiated by several factors, as follow: 1) detrusor muscle stretching, 2) urinary bladder autonomic nerve fibers stimulation, 3) urinary bladder mucosal damage, and 4) inflammatory mediators (e.g. due to neurogenic inflammation) [5]. Numerous studies describing the effects of PGs in the urinary bladder have been published. It was reported that exogenous PGs alter urinary bladder motor activity in in vitro and in vivo studies. A link between PGs and the muscarinic system has been described previously [6]. Nile et al. [7] observed, in animal models, that ATP can activate PGE2 production by a complex mechanism, involving the purinergic receptors P2X and P2Y. Moreover, the response was inhibited by indomethacin (a non-selective COX inhibitor) and decreased the cholinergically stimulated autonomous contractions in the isolated bladder. PGs seem to affect the normal activity of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system of the urinary bladder. In patients with overactive bladder (OAB) a higher concentration of PGE2 was detected in urine [8]. Ikeda et al. [9] revealed that inflammation facilitates afferent nerve activity via EP1 receptors in animal models. The physiological effects of prostaglandin E2 via receptors EP1-EP4 were described. The stimulation of EP1 and EP3 receptors leads to contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle cells, whereas the stimulation of EP2 and EP4 receptors causes muscle relaxation [10].

The therapeutic effectiveness of flurbiprofen, which improved the lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with BPO, seems to be the result of modulation of urinary bladder activity. Given the aforementioned potential mechanisms of PGs action in lower urinary tract function, it appears that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through modulation of PGs-dependent pathways mainly affect urinary bladder activity and not the urinary bladder outlet resistance associated with prostate enlargement. Thus, in relation to lower urinary tract symptoms when non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used in patients with LUTS/BPO, a significant reduction in the severity of irritative LUTS to a lesser extent of obstructive LUTS should be observed. It is well known that BPO may lead to detrustor overactivity (DO). Thus, the modulation of the EP1 and EP2 receptor activity (directly via EP1/EP2 antagonists or indirectly via COX inhibitors) could be a therapeutic goal in urinary bladder dysfunction such as OAB or in the case of DO due to bladder outlet obstruction in terms of benign prostate hyperplasia and enlargement (BPH/BPE).

However promising the observations that have been reported, the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors seems to be a major concern that restricts their use in the treatment of urinary bladder dysfunction. Moreover, the influence of COX activity on renal function should not be forgotten. Therefore, urologists should know the main physiological effects of COX-1 and COX-2 and its clinical consequences. These effects are presented in Figure 1. The relationship between cardiovascular or gastrointestinal risk and different NSAIDs in dependence with cyclooxygenase selectivity is showed in Figure 2.

Figure 1

The physiological effects of COX-1 and COX-2 activity.

Figure 2

The relationship between cardiovascular or gastrointestinal risk and different NSAIDs in dependence with cyclooxygenase selectivity.

In the gastrointestinal tract, the maintenance of mucosal integrity is attributed exclusively to COX-1 without a contribution of COX-2 and ulcerogenic effects of NSAIDs are believed to be the consequence of inhibition of COX-1. The main function of COX-2 is the acceleration of ulcer healing. Therefore, both COX isoforms are essential enzymes in mucosal defence with specific contributions in various physiological and pathophysiological situations [11]. Endothelial cells are a source of prostacyclin (PGI2) and platelets are a source of tromboxane (TXA2). Platelets PGI2 production is mediated by COX-2 activity, thus COX-2 inhibitors suppress COX-2-dependent PGI2 synthesis. In physiology this sequence has mariginal influence on the antithrombotic balance due to the crucial role of COX-1 as a normal source of PGI2. In case of pathology when atherosclerosis occurs, the COX-2 starts to play a greater role as a source of PGI2. Moreover, more TXA2, as one of the most potent vasoconstrictor agents, is produced. Consequently, COX-2 inhibition has a more potent effect of prostanoid balance, favouring TXA2 production and promoting platelet-dependent thrombosis. COX-2 inhibition has been found to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases even with short-term use [12, 13]. In the kidney, PGs regulate glomerular haemodynamics, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) by majorly affecting the calibre of afferent arterioles of glomeruli. NSAIDs supress the renal production of PGs. Under normal conditions, this suppression does not affect the proper GFR and RBF. However, in the case of renal hypoperfusion (ischaemia) due to exaggerated vasoconstriction of renal vessels or local reduction of vasodilator PGI2 synthesis (e.g. caused by hypovolemia, postoperative pain, chronic kidney disease, obstructive uropathy, etc.), NSAIDs may exert deleterious effects on renal function.

When considering NSAIDs therapy in the "urological" patient, everyone should consider the comorbidities and risk of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal complications and appropriately choose the NSAIDs according to its cyclooxygenase selectivity.


Abstract This study investigated the epistemic conventions of pedagogical practices in higher education (HE) from the viewpoints of lecturers. Phenomenological design, focusing on semi- structured interview guide, was considered for the study. Through the purposive sampling technique, 15 lecturers from three departments of institution of higher learning were considered for the study. The study utilised emerging themes as an analytic procedure. Analysis focused on two principal domains: Peripheral Academic Writing Practices with focus on Pedagogy (PAWP-P), and Actual Academic Writing Practices focusing on Pedagogy (AAWP-P). In terms of PAWP-P, lecturers considered students' ability to engage in self-regulated practices such as perusing course outline, concomitant with reading and making their own notes prior to lectures to be momentous pedagogical practices. Also, in tandem with AAWP-P, lecturers placed dialogue, argument, meaning making, and criticality (i.e. analysis, evaluation, and creation) as requisite pedagogic practices in HE. In addressing the pedagogical limitation in Lea and Street's (1998) academic literacies model, the finding of this study helps to build on the model; hence, in this study, Lea and Street's (1998) academic literacies model is reconceptualised as academic socialisation, with three developmental overlapping orbitals: electromagnetic wave, normative socialisation and academic literacies socialisation. Management in HE should prioritise the teaching of Information Literacy and Language Literacy courses such as Communicative Skills (variously expressed elsewhere as Use of English, Writing across the Curriculum, General Composition, and Academic Writing).


Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the composting potential of fruit and vegetable wastes with sawdust in different combinations and to establish the relationship between microorganisms and physico-chemical parameters. Methods Three samples were made with the C/N ratios of 50 (sample 1), 45 (sample 2) and 30 (sample 3) by adding fruits waste (apple, banana, orange and kiwi peels) and vegetables waste (cabbage leaves, potato and carrot peels). The total amount of fruit and vegetable wastes was 2.03 kg in each sample to which was added different quantities of sawdust (1.23 kg, 0.46 kg and 0.14 kg) in order to obtain the C/N ratios proposed and to limit the odour. Composting process was monitored during 70 days, while physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were performed. Results Results showed that in the first week pH is acid and electrical conductivity values are high for all three samples, and then the pH values are increasing during the composting process, while electrical conductivity values are decreasing. The nitrogen content is low in all samples and will decrease during the first five weeks of composting process, then begin to increase slightly. Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn values in the all three compost samples are below threshold values. During the composing process the microbial communities are constantly changing. Conclusions The compost was successfully obtained and meet the requirement standards for agricultural use. It can be concluded that there is statistically significant association between the microorganisms and physico-chemical indicators


Actual in vivo tissue temperatures and the safety profile during high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) ablation of atrial fibrillation have not been clarified.


Abstract. Depression storage models found in the literature were developed using statistical regression for relatively large soil surface roughness and slope values resulting in several fitting parameters. In this research, we developed and tested a conceptual model to estimate surface depression storage having small roughness values usually encountered in rainwater harvesting microcatchments in arid regions with only one fitting parameter. Laboratory impermeable surfaces of 30 × 30 cm2 were constructed with four sizes of gravel and mortar resulting in random roughness values ranged from 0.9 to 6.3 mm. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted under 9 slope values using simulated rain. Depression storage for each combination of relative roughness and slope were estimated by mass balance approach. Analysis of experimental results indicated that the developed linear model between DSC and the square root of the ration of random roughness (RR) to slope was significant at probability value of 0.001 and coefficient of determination R2 = 0.90. The developed model predicted depression storage of small relief at higher accuracy compared to other models found in the literature.


In order to control the treatment of laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy, a new local control technique is put forward, which use a functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. The temperature of biological tissue is regarded as the most important indicator for treatment of LITT. So, based on the experiments of LITT being performed on a liver cancer, the temperature and reducing scattering coefficient have been obtained in real time, respectively, with probe-type thermometer and fNIRS system. The results of the two factors have the same trend with different power of laser. It is confirmed that the fNIRS can be a useful local control technology for LITT.


Aimed at the difficult-to-treat characteristic of a Guangxi′s gold concentrate,an experimental research is performed by using oxidizing roast-cyanide leaching technology.The results obtained indicated that the rate of sulfur-fixed in the calcine is up to 85%,the fixing arsenic rate is up to 95%,and the vaporization ratio of organic carbon is 98%.The cyanide leaching rate of gold can reach 98%.This technological process could provide an effective route for rational utilization of this kind of gold concentrate containing high As and C contents.


A possible variant of the signal processing for detection of weak pulsar signals is presented in this paper. The signal processing incudes three basic stages: epoch folding, moving average filter with a jumping window and adaptive signal detection. The signal processing proposed in the paper was verified with real experimental signal records from pulsar B0329+54 by the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in Westerbork, the Netherlands.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The objective of this paper is to evaluate national trends, socioeconomic risk factors, and maternal and obstetric outcomes for patients with and without opioid use disorder (OUD) at delivery hospitalization. © 2023 The American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry (AAAP).

METHODS
This is a retrospective cohort using the National Inpatient Sample 2012-2016 of 3,554,477 deliveries to analyze trends in OUD in patients at delivery hospitalization. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regression to compare clinical, demographic, hospital, and geographic associations for patients with OUD during delivery hospitalization.

RESULTS
The incidence of OUD at delivery hospitalization increased from 4.48 per 1,000 deliveries in 2012 to 7.67 in 2016. The highest rate of OUD was in the Northeast and the lowest in the West (9.29 vs 4.13 per 1,000, respectively, p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, history of concurrent cocaine use (aOR= 5.95, 95%CI: 5.38-6.59), sedative use (aOR=17.28, 95%CI: 14.71-20.31), and amphetamine use (aOR=4.05, 95%CI: 3.71-4.43), were strongly associated with OUD. Additionally, hepatitis C infection, (aOR= 21.98, 95%CI: 20.89-23.11), white race (aOR=3.12, 95%CI: 3.00-3.24), and public insurance (aOR=3.92, 95%CI: 3.77-4.08) were also associated with OUD.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The continued increase in rates of OUD at delivery hospitalization and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes highlights the need for universal screening and resource allocation for programs directed towards pregnant people.

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE
Our study builds upon the prior literature that reports trends in OUD at delivery hospitalization from 1998-2011 as well as presents a more in-depth look at risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes than previously reported. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Orthorhombic phase BaFe2O4 powder was synthesized by using a solid state reaction method and investigated for its visible light photocatalytic properties. The crystallization of the structural phase was found to occur at a temperature above 1000 ◦C yielding a pure orthorhombic phase BaFe2O4 (SGB b21m) at 1100 ◦C. The estimated band gap, as determined by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance studies, was ∼1.9 eV (652 nm). A new material was designed and fabricated as Pt/RuO2/BaFe2O4 to enhance its photocatalytic activity. A very low (<1 wt% RuO2) co-catalyst doping over BaFe2O4 was important for achieving high photocatalytic efficiency. The newly designed system was investigated for photo-decomposition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and of water under visible light (≥420 nm). Its photocatalytic activity was significantly higher than that of platinized TiO2−xNx. A mechanism has been proposed to explain the photocatalytic behavior of the designed BaFe2O4 photocatalyst.


Enantiomerically pure dendritic cleft receptors (dendroclefts) with a 9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluorene] core are prepared for the recognition of glucopyranosides by H-bonding in CDCl3; the enantio- and diastereo-selectivities in the complexation processes are modulated by the presence of the dendritic shell.


It is important to offer adaptable education for freshmen.According to the unhealthy phenomena and psychology in existence after their entrance,university should cultivate their autonomous learning ability,communicative ability and strong willpower to help them realize role transformation as soon as possible.


Background: The main aim of this study was to describe the main challenges and obstacles faced by the Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH) during the management of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis from a health policymakers' perspective in the Gaza Strip (GS). Methods: The researcher used a descriptive, exploratory qualitative design, targeting health policy-makers, with a sample size of 25, using a purposeful sampling technique. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, whereas the directed qualitative content analysis approach was adopted for the analysis of the interview data. Results: The study stated 26 challenges and obstacles faced by the Palestinian MoH and the health care system (HCS) and ways and measures taken by the MoH to deal with them. The study stated a set of challenges and obstacles faced by Palestinian MoH and HCS during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis management and ways and measures taken by MoH to deal with the following: 8 Challenges related to Shortage of oxygen and resources, as "The Shortage of produced amounts of oxygen, N=16". 7 Challenges related to the nature of the Covid-19 pandemic, such as "Spreading of Covid-19 infection between medical personnel and Infection of the medical staff, N=6). 4 Challenges related to situational reality and community, as "Siege and closure of crossings and Impeding the entry of medical devices and equipment and vaccinations, N=11" 4 Challenges related to the health system and health services, as" the fragility of the health system as a result of repeated crises and attacks by the Israeli occupation, especially under the blockade, N=4". 3 Challenges related to lack of information and knowledge, as "Lack of information and Knowledge about this new pandemic, N=15". Conclusion: All of the participants agreed that MoH has done well since the beginning of the pandemic and over 3 despite the extreme shortage of resources and these challenges and obstacles. The study recommended activating and enhancing the role of the Palestinian PuHealth Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) ].


In this study, the performances analysis of cooperative-diversity networks using adaptive decode-and-forward (DF) relaying over independent non-identical flat Nakagami-m fading channels is investigated. The authors derive exact and approximate closed-form expressions for the error probability, outage probability and average channel capacity, and analyse their dependence on the channel parameters. In adaptive DF relaying, among M relays that can participate, only C relays (C≤M), with good channels to the source, DF (retransmit) the source information to the destination. Then, the destination combines the direct and the indirect signals using maximum ratio combining technique. The authors derive a closed-form expression for the the moment generating function of the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination node. Then, the authors find an exact closed-form expression for the probability density function (PDF) of the total SNR at the destination. This PDF is used to derive the exact closed-form expressions of the performance metrics. Such closed-form solutions are highly desirable because they allow for rapid and efficient evaluation of system performance. Since exact expressions are complicated, the authors have introduced simple approximate expressions for the error and outage probabilities where these expressions explicitly show the diversity order. Computer simulations are used to validate our analytical results. Results show the significant performance improvement because of the use of the adaptive DF cooperative diversity. Also, results indicate that increasing the number of relays will not always decrease the outage probability.


Stability and natural modes of general linear periodically time-varying systems are investigated using the classical procedure of Hill infinite determinant analysis. It is shown that for a normally stable passive system, instability can be invoked most easily by varying any one of the system parameters at a frequency of 2 \beta/k, k integral, where \beta is a natural frequency of the system. This is a generalization of a result well known for systems of second order. In addition, a conjecture propounded by Keenan [5] in 1966 regarding natural modes, is extended to its most general form. Embodied in the analysis is a new choice of parameter for the vertical axis of made and stability diagrams. Whilst the horizontal axis is retained as the amplitude of the time-varying system parameter the vertical axis is redefined in terms of the period of the variation. Examples for an analytically tractable system are presented and exhibit features predicted by the theory.


ABSTRACT Mammography is widely used for identifying breast cancer. However, this technique is invasive, which causes X-ray tissue damage and very often fails to detect a certain tumour size. Thermography is another alternative, being non-ionising, non-invasive and able to detect abnormal breast conditions at an early stage. In this paper, we propose a new computer-aided diagnosis system based on artificial intelligence and thermography to help radiologists correctly diagnose breast diseases. One hundred and seventy infrared breast images are collected from an open-source database to feed a deep learning algorithm for automatic segmentation of breast thermograms. An intersection over a union of 89.03% is practically obtained using the U-net model. Textural evaluation and vascular network analysis are performed on the segmented thermograms to extract relevant features. Classifiers based on supervised learning algorithms are implemented using the extracted features to distinguish normal from abnormal thermograms. . We achieved an accuracy of 94.4%, a precision of 96.2%, a recall of 86.7%, an F1-score of 91.2% and a true negative rate of 98.3% when the developed approach was applied on a support vector machine. These two obtained results concerning both segmentation and classification are considered very motivating and encouraging compared to up-to-date methods.


This experiment was carried out to evaluate performance index and economic efficiency of broiler chicks fed diets containing dried blood rumen content mixtures (DBRCM) as a replacement for roasted soybean meal (RSBM). A total of 225 unsexed day-old broiler chicks (SASSO C44) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 15 birds per replicate. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 100% RSBM+0%DBRCM (T1), 80%RSBM+ 20% DBRCM (T2), 60% RSBM + 40% DBRCM (T3), 40% RSBM + 60% DBRCM(T4) and 20% RSBM+ 80% DBRCM (T5) based on a control ration contained 30% roasted soybean meal. The result showed that there was no statistical difference (P≥0.05) in performance index during the experimental period. The mean mortality was not influenced (P≥0.05) across the treatment groups. Birds fed T1 had the highest (P<0.05) and T5 the lowest (P<0.05) feed cost per kilogram feed. Feed cost per unit gain (Kg) was the highest (P<0.05) for T1 and the lowest (P<0.05) for T4 and T5. Total feed cost of the birds fed T1 was higher than those of the birds fed T5 diet. The highest (P<0.05) economic efficiency was observed for birds fed on T4 and T5. Based on this result, it could be concluded that 80% DBRCM can replace roasted soybean meal to achieve the highest economic efficiency, without affecting the performance index of broiler chicken.


Background: Locally advanced breast cancer presents with a difficult management problem. It remains a challenge to achieve local and distant control of locally advanced breast cancer. Over the last decade preoperative/ neoadjuvant chemotherapy has emerged as the standard of care for these patients. Successful reduction in the size of the tumor is associated with increased rate of operability. The objective of this study is to observe the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast carcinoma in form of outcome and complications. The outcome is measured as down staging or downgrading of tumor, results of surgery and its complications, disease free survival and recurrence.Methods: This is the observational prospective study of consecutive 30 cases of locally advanced breast cancer admitted in department of general surgery during a period from May 2017 to August 2018 at new civil hospital, Surat. Neo adjuvant chemotherapy were given every three weekly and the response of therapy calculated in form of reduction in the size of tumor or getting the margin free from skin or pectoral muscles or reduction in the axillary lymph node mass.Results: In this study about 93% of cases responded to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 10% of cases shows complete clinical response where tumor becomes completely free from skin or pectoral muscles or negative axillary lymph nodes.Conclusions: With the evidence from the literature and study conducted earlier, our observations of clinical response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer had corroborative evidence.


A high-speed magnetic suspension alternating-current motor belongs to the field of motors. The high-speed magnetic suspension alternating-current motor is provided to solve the problem that the existing bearingless motor is complex to control and bulky. The motor comprises a case, a drive unit, and two rotor radial suspension and axial support units. The drive unit and the two rotor radial suspension and axial support units are coaxially arranged inside the case, and the two rotor radial suspension and axial support units are respectively arranged at the two sides of the axial direction of the drive unit. The drive unit consists of a drive stator and a drive rotor. Each rotor radial suspension and axial support unit consists of a suspension support stator and a suspension support rotor. Torque and magnetic levitation force control windings, which are arranged together in existing similar motors, are separated in the motor of the invention, so that mutual interference between the torque and magnetic levitation force control windings is avoided entirely. Radial suspension control and axial support control are jointly achieved by one set of windings, so that the motor is smaller and lighter. As the radial suspension and axial support bearings are closed by themselves, no special suspension and axial control device is needed.


In Iraq, the Diyala River (DR) occasionally experiences both droughts and floods. The DR is supplying the amount of water to Tigris River at the south of Baghdad. Estimation of runoff from precipitation is very important because of its impact on decision-making in water resources management. The conceptual and distributed hydrological model was adopted and by HEC-HMS, Geo-HMS, and GIS software, remote digital elevation models were processed. The sensitivity, calibration, and validation were made through the period 2017-2021. The estimated CN values were from 60 to 100 with distributed related ratios between 0.6% to 52.8%. The differences between the observed and estimated inlet discharge of Hemrin Dam were for (+0.1 to -0.2) % with some more at peak discharge point. The HEC-HMS, using data from NASA and FAO, was acceptable model. The results with an accuracy of 95%, which is indicated by the value of R2 and PBIAS indicators.


53 Total flux observations on the microwave solar radio emission sometimes show depressions after bursts or without bursts. These, classified as 'post burst decrease' or 'absorption', are gradual phenomena and the duration is usually more than an hour. In contrast to these phenomena, the authors found two sudden decreases of the total flux just before the bursts of July 21, 1978 and September 7-8, 1978. The durations were shorter than 10 minutes. The observational results are given which were obtained by four microwave polarimeters and two interferometers at Toyokawa. A preliminary interpretation is also given for the event of September 7-8, 1978 using the data of optical, soft X-ray and meter-wave observations.


This paper describes a practice-led research project undertaken in Australia in 2006, in which I sought to explore the relationship between radical changes in cultural/geographical environment and the production of unique forms of material culture. In this case the shift in environment was brought about by migration (enforced or otherwise) from the UK to colonial Australia, and the crafted artefacts of the colonial period (and after) were taken as representative of a particularly Australian material culture. As a maker it was important to me that this research was developed primarily through practice, supported by museum/archive study and fieldwork in Australia. The project therefore proposed a range of historical Australian artefacts as the subject of study, and my own creative practice as the vehicle of study. In section 1 (fieldwork), I describe the initial boundaries of the project, list the research questions, and consider the project's location and its context within the wider objectives of the Here and There (HAT) project. Specific artefacts and objects are identified and described, as representative of a unique material culture. Section 2 (reflective practice) considers some of the ethical issues encountered and describes the evolution of my research focus during the early stages of the project, particularly the discovery of depression era 'making-do' artefacts, and a growing interest in Australian folk narratives and 'icons' of popular culture. It then describes the development of a series of works made in response to the initial Australian fieldwork over the following two years of studio practice in the UK. Section 3 (conclusion) reflects upon the outcomes of the study - in particular the practical and conceptual changes undertaken in my creative practice as a result of the project - and lists the exhibitions, conferences and articles through which the Beyond the seas project has since been disseminated.


The recent excavations in the martyrial sanctuary of St. Felix highlighted, among other things, the remains of three rooms on the east side of the basilica nova, erected between 401 and 403 by Paul...


I was 36 when I was diagnosed with severe stage IV endometriosis and I underwent a laparoscopy and several months of  high dose hormonal treatment. I also underwent 2 episodes of failed IUIs. The regular symptoms of endometriosis were ofcourse there and...


Searls (1964) proposed an improved estimator for the mean when the coefficient of variation is known. Thompson (1968) considered a method to reduce the mean square error (MSE) of the minimum variance unbiased linear estimator of the mean. The latter work obtained a new improved estimator for the mean. The purpose of the present note is to find a relationship between Searls and Thompson's estimators using a pivotal quantity for location parameter.

 Key words: Improved estimation, mean square error, pivotal quantity; shrinkage technique, location parameter.


The relative contributions of sex and sex role to romantic attitudes were explored through a four-way analysis of co-variance design with sex (male, female), masculinity (high, low), femininity (high, low), and relationship status (in and not in a relationship) as independent variables and age as a covariate. Five romantic attitude scales were the dependent variables. Among 252 men and women aged 17 to over 50 years, there were no main-effect sex differences in romantic attitudes. However, interactions between sex, masculinity, and femininity indicated that stronger romantic attitudes were associated with high femininity for women (regardless of masculinity), and a balance between masculinity and femininity for men (rather than the preponderance of either).


Background: The physician in triage (PIT) model has been proposed as a process improvement to help increase efficiency in the Emergency Department setting. However, its effect on patient satisfaction has not been well established. Methods: An interventional study comparing patient satisfaction scores for the 6-month period before and after implementation of a physician in triage model. In our system an additional attending physician was assigned to triage from 1 p.m. to 9 p.m. daily. Outcome measures were mean scores obtained from respondents to Press Ganey® patient satisfaction surveys for selected questions most likely to be impacted by PIT implementation and those included in the physician section of the survey. Results: Five hundred and eight respondents seen in the six months before the initiation of the PIT team and 458 respondents in the six months after the system change were included in the study. Improvement was noted in the absolute Press Ganey® scores in the Post-PIT time period across all questions analyzed with statistically significant differences noted for 8 of the 10 questions studied. Conclusions: Although seemingly small there was a statistically significant improvement in the absolute patient satisfaction scores after adding a physician in triage. Because small gains in absolute scores can result in large improve - ments on the percentile rank when using Press Ganey® surveys, physician in triage may be of significant benefit to overall patient satisfaction.


Samples from Changchun-Siping highway,Changchun-Songyuan highway and North Changchun-Jilin highway were studied.Studied from microstructure of frozen soil,combining physicochemical tests and mechanical tests,the influence of properties of seasonally frozen soil in Changchun area on moisture movement is evaluated,which provides the experimental evidence for study of moisture movement of seasonally frozen soil and the road frost heaving and mudding in Changchun area.It is concluded from the experiments that the diameter of pore of seasonally frozen soil in Changchun area is mostly less than 5 μm,which is benefit for the migration of gravitational and capillary water.With high content of mineral substance,large cation exchange capacity,rich clay content,regular particle shape and great hydration specific surface area,it is benefit for the formation of hydration membranes.The external loads influence the moisture movement.And sample 3 has the largest quantity of moisture movement,then sample 1,and sample 2 the lest.


Representation of binary preference relations in a real space where each coordinate suggests the existence of underlying criteria is a standard and indeed suggestive approach. Classical dimension theory addresses this problem, showing that whenever crisp preferences define a partial order set, it can be represented in a real space, and then we can search for a minimal representation. Valued preference relation being a much more complex structure, there is an absolute need for meaningful representations, being manageable by decision-makers. In this paper, we continue analyzing the concept of a generalized dimension function of valued preference relations, i.e. a mapping assigning a generalized dimension value to every α-cut of any given valued preference relation, as introduced in a previous paper. We should of course be expecting deep computational problems within this generalized dimension context, since they are already present in crisp dimension theory. In this paper, we present some properties of such a generalized dimension function, pointing out that our approach allows alternative representations depending on some underlying rationality core the decision-maker may change.


BACKGROUND
While men in the United States consume more alcohol than women, rates of drinking are converging. Nevertheless, females remain underrepresented in preclinical alcohol research. Here, we examined rats for sex-related differences in patterns of ethanol drinking and effects of this drinking on exploratory and anxiety-like behavior.

METHODS
Adult male and female Long-Evans rats were given 20% ethanol under the intermittent-access two-bottle-choice paradigm. Their intake was measured daily for the first 7 weeks. During the 8th week, intake was measured over the 24 hours of daily access. During the 9th week, they, along with ethanol-naive controls, were tested prior to daily access in a novel chamber, light-dark box, and hole board apparatus. During the 10th week, blood ethanol concentration (BEC) was assessed after 30 - 40 minutes of access.

RESULTS
Compared to males, females overall demonstrated higher ethanol intake and preference across all access weeks, although only half of them drank significantly more than males. Across 24 hours of daily access, both sexes had their highest intake in the first 30 minutes and their lowest in the middle of the light phase of the light/dark cycle. Despite their greater ethanol intake, females did not show significantly different BECs than males. In behavioral tests, females compared to males showed less vertical time in a novel activity chamber, more movement between chambers in a light-dark box, and more nose pokes in a hole-board apparatus. While a history of ethanol drinking led to a trend for reduced vertical time in the activity chamber and increased chamber entries in the light-dark box, this was not sex-dependent.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that female and male rats could both be tested for acute effects of ethanol after 30 minutes of daily access, but that nuanced considerations should be made in designing these experiments and interpreting the findings.


in 2011 melanie notkin, a contributor to the online site HuffPost, wrote an opinion piece titled "Is 'Career Woman' the New 'Spinster'?" In it she recounts a conversation with a man who explained her singleness (more to himself than to her) as a function of her being a career woman. "Why are we 'career women' but you're just a guy who hasn't been lucky in love?" she asks him. "I'm not a 'career woman,'" she declares. "I'm looking for love." Surprising (and somewhat depressing) for its implicit recapitulation of the stereotype of the lonely career woman whose occupation is a poor substitute for a man, the title of Notkin's brief op-ed nevertheless anticipates the recent trend to rehabilitate the term "spinster" and repurpose it for feminist studies and post-feminism. Kate Bolick's Spinster: Making a Life of One's Own (2015), an examination of her own and other women's single lives, made The New York Times best-seller list, and Briallen Hopper's Hard to Love: Essays and Confessions (2019) explores and reclaims the spinster in ways that demolish heterosexual romance and marriage as the standard by which women lead and assess their lives. That the term's negative connotations of dowdiness, lack of sexual appeal, and illegitimacy as a woman persist into the twenty-first century is due in no small measure to the role that classical Hollywood film in particular played in perpetuating these stereotypes in the popular imagination. Yet as this examination of David Lean's 1955 film Summertime suggests, as a kind of test case, some mid-century spinster narratives contain within them the seeds of their own reclamation, particularly when watched anew from the vantage point of the twenty-first century. Informed by a history of the film's production and reception, yet also enabled by current-day digital viewing practices, this case study asserts that multiple gazes in and at Summertime dovetail with Katharine Hepburn star discourses to produce a possessive feminist spectator more than sixty-five years after the film's original release. A present-day viewing of the under-studied Summertime with new media technologies leads to modes of meaning production in the course of the film's consumption in ways that have not been previously explored in earlier spinster narratives or in classical Hollywood cinema generally, and it is these dynamics that this case study ultimately explores. Film theorist Laura Mulvey has dubbed cinema "death 24x a times a second," a reference to the standard projection speed of twenty-four To Have and to Hold: The Possessive Spectator, the Spinster Narrative, and Katharine Hepburn in David Lean's Summertime (1955)


Objective: Worldwide overpopulation has brought about lots of problems for people especially for developing countries. However, there is a success at reduction of population rate from 2.1% on 1960 to 1.7 on now, 95 million is increased every year. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional-descriptive study was designed retrospectively on 396 and 484 DMPA user women aged 15-49 years referring to health care centers in Ardabil & Tabriz respectively by classification sampling who were injected their first DMPA between 2009-2012. Due to being a cross sectional study 800 women were selected (400 for Ardabil and 400 for Tabriz). Questionnaire was arranged at two parts: demographic and main reasons for continuation and discontinuation and its side-effects. Then data were collected via completing questionnaires by researchers and interviewing subjects after signing the consent form. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12 software using analysis variance (ANOVA) and correlation. Results: The mean of continuation rate of DMPA is 2.60 and 6.52 months at Ardebil and Tabriz respectively. By using t-test the mean of continuation rate differs between two cities and its rate is higher at Tabriz. Conclusion: According to the results of this study focusing on low level of continuation rate of DMPA at both cities and its most common side-effect (Amenorrhea) care givers could help in term of sufficient counseling and educating women desiring DMPA injection. This factor could result in more satisfaction use and improve continuation rate of DMPA.


The weakness of the two-tier, three-tier or four-tier paper-pencil diagnostic tests is that it takes a long time for results and feedback analysis and remediation. This paper presents the results of an initial review of the technique of developing a two-tier diagnostic test using e-learning facilities. By using e-learning based diagnostic tests at the same time students will get the results of answers, explanation of answers and also explanation of the reasons for each answer choice. Development of two-tier diagnostic tests based on e-learning (E-TesMis) using the ADDIE model, starting from the initial analysis to evaluation. The results of the initial (A) analysis include IT facilities, student IT skills, availability of other supporting media. The design stage (D) starts from the preparation / writing of two-tier diagnostic tests manually to the explanation of the concept of each answer. The development phase (D) of the tests that have been designed is applied or moved on the e-learning page and revised several parts after the expert gives input. The Implementation Phase (I) is the test phase or test pilot. The last stage of Evaluation (E) includes the analysis of the results of trials on several (limited) respondents and also on the expanded respondents.


Abstract : The Dynamically Allocated Virtual Clustering Management System (DAVC) is an experimentation infrastructure that provides the means to dynamically create, deploy, and manage virtual clusters of heterogeneous nodes within a cloud computing environment. The system allows researchers to create virtual clusters of nodes that can be used for experimentation, software development, and integration with existing hardware and software. This report provides usage instructions for the DAVC version 2.0 web application.


Shown and described are a method and an arrangement for detecting and ordering goods for maintaining an inventory in at least one mobile goods carrier (16). The product carrier (16) is assigned a sensor (11) which scans it cyclically to a parameter (level, amount, location, or weight) of inventory in the product carrier (16) by means of a control device (10) in long time intervals in a standby capture mode. The scanning in long time intervals is maintained until the control device (10) detects a parameter change from the sensor (11). In this case, a cyclic scanning of the sensor (11) in substantially shorter time intervals is performed in an event mode. In addition, an order signal is sent to a database (19) and the control device (10) returned to the standby mode. The assembly includes a battery (20). power consumption is minimized so that the battery by way of example up to 10 years may provide power by reducing the transmission of energy-intensive.


This paper intends to present partia!results of a classroom discourse analysis research, in the situation of interaction among teacher, students and pedagogical objectives, mainly when the teacher performs the task of intermediating between the scientific knowledge and the group of students. Data gave evidence that classroom discourse is argumentative specially in those moments.


of the regulation of insensible water loss, a matter which is of considerable importance in the maintenance of health and about the determination of which there is as yet no agreement among the experts. The liast section of ithe book treats in detail of renal function and gives a clear acoount of the present state of knowledge of the physiology of urine formation including the influence of hormones and the nervous system. There is an excellent bibliography. This is a book which while requiring slow and careful digestion, can be recommended to physicians and others interested in disorders of metabolism.


Lipoedema is a chronic disease frequent in women, that causes an abnormal fat deposition in their lower limbs, with a remarkable disproportion between the upper and lower part of the body, easy bruising and pain. Despite the lack of pa-thognomonic tests for lipoedema, more and more patients in social networks are claiming they suffer from it, giving the disease more visibility but allowing a lot of fake information about lipoedema. Information for self-care and realistic expectations are important. Depending on the severity, the treatment includes: physical therapies, compression garments, exercise, diet, psychological support and surgical treatment. weight control, mobility and quality of life Lipoedema needs a multidisciplinary approach: early education about the nature of the disease and risk factors for progression, accurate information about self-care, psychosocial support, diet, physical activity, skin care, compression therapy, pain management and surgery in some cases.


Based on the forecast control basic principle,the use cascade control structure,forecast the control and the PID control union,the dynamic matrix forecast-PID cascade control is realized,and its good control effect through the digital simulation is explained.


: Rice fields and cultivation activities are sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, quantification of the baseline emissions is necessary to find out appropriate mitigation options for the transition to low-carbon rice production in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This study aimed to track and estimate the baseline GHG emissions and the carbon footprint (C-footprint) from rice cultivation in three farmer communities in Thailand. The SMART GHG mobile application (SGA) was used to calculate the GHG emissions from many cultivation activities and calculate the C-footprint of paddy rice production. The field activity data were collected from 71 farmer households with 134 ha of harvested areas in Muang Chang (MJSub - district of Nan province, Suan Taeng (ST) Sub-district of Suphan Buri province, and Na Kha) m (NK) Sub - district of Nakorn Phanom province. The results from SGA showed that the total GHG emissions of MJ, ST and NK communities accounted for 7.5, 6 . 3 and 2.9 tCO 2 e ha −1 , respectively . The mean of total GHG emissions from all communities accounted for 5.6 tCO 2 e ha −1 . During the rice growing period with flooded fields, the emission of CH 4 contributed to 83 . 4% of the total GHG emissions . Whereas, the cultivation activities of fertilization, field preparation, harvest, and residue burning shared small emissions by 5.4, 4.4, 3.8 and 2.0%, respectively . The SGA also reported the C-footprint of paddy yields by 1.77, 1.10 and 1.09 kgCO 2 e kg yield −1 in MJ, NK and ST, respectively . This study indicated that the SGA can demonstrate and track the GHG emissions and C-footprint well, which can be developed into a baseline emission and mitigation for low-carbon rice production . This is a challenge for agriculture and rural community development in Thailand.


Ages 3 to 11; copyright 1970; AAPS; 3 regular picture test scores: consonants, vowels, total (3 optional sentence test scores: consonants, vowels, and total); individually administered; hand scored; 1 form (1970, 4 pages); manual (1970, 13 pages); Kit (1 set of picture test cards, package of 25 protocol booklets, pad of 25 survey test forms, and manual), $17.50; set of picture test cards, $6.50; packages of 25 protocol booklets (1 package, $6.50; 2–19 packages, $4.50 each; 20 packages or more, $4.00 each); pads of 100 survey test forms (1 pad, $12.50; 2–19 pads, $8.75 each; 20 pads or more, $7.50 each); manual, $3.50; untimed administration (typically 10 to 15 minutes); test author: Janet Barker Fudala; publisher: Western Psychological Services, 12031 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90025 (telephone 1-213-478-6730 or 1-213-473-7732).


Background: Maintaining motivation is one of the most important characteristics of rehabilitation strategies for successful treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanism of mental state is helpful for developing new therapeutic methods based on virtual reality and serious game technologies. Objective: The present study aims to develop a cost-benefit game-based hand rehabilitation system and assess the influence on the psychological state of subjects when they interact with a virtual reality environment in different task difficulty levels. Methods: First, we introduced a low-cost smart hand rehabilitation system based on the Leap Motion tracker; then, the experimental study was performed with 20 healthy participants. Their mental states were evoked using interaction with two separate games in four different difficulty levels. Three measures from the SAM self-reported test described as a psychological response to this condition, and also four features were extracted from Photoplethysmogram signal in order to quantify psychophysiological responses of Autonomic Nervous System. Results: Comparison of the different difficulty levels revealed significant changes in arousal and dominance correspond to under challenging and over the challenging condition, respectively. The results of psychophysiological feature analysis showed significant differences only for the standard deviation of intervals between consecutive heartbeats. Conclusion: The developed system is a low-cost smart solution that can be useful for upper limb neurological rehabilitation. Regulating difficulty parameters of the implemented game can be used to influence the motivation of users through rehabilitation procedures. It seems Photoplethysmogram is an appropriate psychophysiological indicator of mental states, but further studies are required.


There are about 80,000 above ground tanks for oil storage in Japan. Most tanks are constructed in a coastal industrial zone, therefore, corrosive environment is not mild. More than 50 leakage accidents in these tanks were reported in 2003 and about 60% of them are due to corrosion. In this report, recent trends of accident due to corrosion are described as follows. (1) Tendency of leakage accidents due to corrosion. (2) Relationship between corrosion rate and used years. (3) Introduction of recent research on evaluation of corrosion damage and protection for bottom plates.


Following insights of social movement theory, this article looks at movement cycles in the initial development of the Nazi Party. Specifically, it explores the framing strategies the party employed in trying to make efficient use of opportunity structures in the political discourse of the late 1920s. On the basis of a content analysis of the official party newspaper, the authors analyze the topics of political events and speeches the Nazi Party organized in Munich between 1925 and 1930. The results show that after 1928, the Nazi Party managed to achieve a coherent set of themes around economic and political issues that may have facilitated its rise to power.


Selective formation of amides or peptides with ethanol as solvent using a convenient one-pot procedure in which acid activating agent N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) is simply added to a mixture of the carboxylic acid, amine, catalytic HOBt (1-hydroxy benzotriazole), and NMM (N-methylmorpholine) as base has been developed. Sensitive functionalities such as hydroxyl groups are well tolerated under the reaction conditions. In addition, isolation of products is usually by simple filtration from the reaction media. The scope and generality of this methodology was investigated.


Accelerating information automation system construction of archives and realizing network automation of each archives work,is not only the inevitable requirement of college modernization,but also an important part of college scientific development and social progress trend.Coordinating college information automation with college development can maximize the value of archives information,constantly adapt to needs of college and better serve the society.


Photographs of Godiva I and II are shown. Some of the observed properties of fission bursts are presented showing their relation to theory together with examples of a number of different experiments utilizing Godiva I and II bursts, such as: effects of dosage rates on mammals, irradiation studies, instrument response studies, and transient radiation effects in elementary materials. (M.H.R.)


A model using statistical thermodynamics is presented which quantitatively describes the oxygen content and ordering in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6+\mathrm{x}}$. This model is in good agreement with experiments within a broad range of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. In the framework of this model it is found that the site (binding) energy of the oxygen in the lattice is quadratic in the oxygen concentration and linear in the temperature. A possible relation of this dependence to the electronic structure of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6+\mathrm{x}}$ is discussed.


The merchant which appeared as an independent group in the historical stage of China was an outstanding historical phenomenon.The extent of development of commerce is really a miracle in that period.With a great progress in that period The development and increase of business naturally gave merchants an access to promotion.Literati-peasant and worker-merchant were four-people,among whom The merchant stood last,yet they had already become one of fourpeople.As a great achievement,finally,the merchants constructed an special group.


Accurate measurements on the pure rotation spectra of methyl chloride, bromide and iodide have been made with multiples of a 10 mc/sec. frequency monitored by station WWV. The measurements, with existing infra-red data, allow a complete determination of the structures of these molecules. The IB values in g/cm2×10−40 are: 63.1138 for C12H3Cl35, 64.1009 for C12H3Cl37, 87.6835 for C12H3Br79, 88.0180 for C12H3Br81, 111.843 for C12H3I127 and 117.848 for C13H3I127. The molecular dimensions obtained are: for methyl chloride, dCH=1.109, dCCl=1.779, < HCH = 110° 0 ; for methyl bromide, dCH=1.104, dCBr=1.936, < HCH = 110° 15 ; for methyl iodide, dCH=1.100, dCI=2.139, < HCH = 110° 58 . The nuclear quadrupole couplings, eQ( 2V z2), are: for Cl35, 75.13 mc/sec.;  Loading [MathJax] /jax/output/CommonHTML/jax.js This site uses cookies. To find out more, read our Privacy Policy. I Agree Received 19 April 1948 for Cl37, 59.03 mc/sec.; for Br79, 577.0 mc/sec.; for Br81, 482.0 mc/sec.; and for I127, 1934 mc/sec. Second-order effects in the hyperfine structure were observed for methyl bromide and methyl iodide. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.74.243 ©1948 American Physical Society AUTHORS & AFFILIATIONS Walter Gordy, James W. Simmons, and A. G. Smith Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina  REFERENCES (SUBSCRIPTION REQUIRED) CLICK TO EXPAND  Issue Vol. 74, Iss. 3 — August 1948


Defense and Life history, vol. 16, pp. 1–152. Gans, C. & Huey, R.B. (Eds.). New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. Greene, H.W. (1997). Snakes: the Evolution of Mystery in Nature. California. University of California Press. 352 pp. Lillywhite, H.B. & Henderson, R.W. (1993). Behavioral and functional ecology of arboreal snakes. In: Snakes: Ecology and Behavior. pp. 1–48 Seigel, R.A. & Collins, J.T. (Eds.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Marques, O.A.V. (1999). Defensive behavior of the green snake Philodryas viridissimus (Linnaeus) (Colubridae, Reptilia) from the Atlantic forest in the northeastern Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 16, 265–266. Marques, O.A.V., Eterovic, A. & Sazima, I. (2004). Snakes of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: An Illustrated Field Guide for the Serra do Mar Range. Ribeirão Preto, Holos E d i t o r a , 205 pp. Marques, O.A.V. & Sazima, I. (2004). História natural dos répteis da Estação Ecológica JuréiaItatins. In Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins: Ambiente Físico, Flora e Fauna, pp. 257–277. Marques, O.A.V. & Duleba, W. (Eds.). Ribeirão Preto: Holos Editora. Vidal, N., Kindl, S.G., Wong, A. & Hedges, B. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships of Xenodontine snakes inferred from 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. Molec. Phylog. Evol. 14, 389–402.


The author reflects on the research process, the review process, and the past and future research related to his 1988 article, which won the 1993 O'Dell award.


Abstract Tackle manufacturers have responded to concerns regarding hooking injury and mortality by attempting to design and market hooks that are less damaging to fish (e.g., circle hooks). To date, studies investigating circle hooks have been primarily restricted to large marine species. We compared the injury and short-term (72-h) mortality of bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and pumpkinseeds L. gibbosus angled using number-6 circle hooks and three other conventional hook types (aberdeen, wide-gap, and baitholder) across three water temperatures (18, 22, and 26°C). Unlike other hook types, circle hooks were never lodged in the gullet, but they were frequently lodged in the eye. Some fish captured on conventional hooks were hooked deeply in the gullet, necessitating line cutting for release. Incidences of bleeding were low using all hook types, and when not lodged in the gullet, all hooks were generally easy to remove. Anatomical hooking locations differed among small ( 145-mm) bluegills...


The embodiments of the present invention provide a method for information processing and a terminal device. The terminal device in the embodiments of the invention displays generated contact identifiers in a matrix arrangement on the screen of the terminal device, obtains a target contact identifier selected by a user of the terminal device from the displayed contact identifiers, enabling that the terminal device is to perform, according to the above target contact identifier, service operations corresponding to said target contact identifier. The invention can help avoid the problem in prior art of having a limited number of contact identifiers displayed on one page, which is caused by the terminal device displaying the contact identifier of each contact in a single column on the screen. Therefore, the display usage and the screen usage can be improved effectively.


Among the load balancing technology,load schedule algorithm is very pivotal.It plays an important role in the whole balancing system.For this reason,it proposes an effective server end load balancing algorithm using an improved genetic algorithm.Through this schedule algorithm,request response time is lessened,the utility of servers CPU is increased,and performance of` the system of load-balancing is enhanced.The final simulation result suggests this proposed algorithm is feasible,correct and valid.


A female, just hatched, having wings serrated or notched at the end, was found in the purple stock bottle, October 7, 1918. In order to test whether this character was due to a new mutation the female was mated to males from an unrelated stock. The majority of her few F, daughters had typically "notch" wings quite like the females in the old stocks called notch (see MORGAN and BRIDGES 1916). Later crosses in which larger numbers were obtained always gave notch females, normal females, and normal males in equal numbers, but no notch males, showing that the mutant was a sex-linked dominant, acting in addition as a lethal in the male, precisely like the old notch. It was possible to ascertain that the purple stock had not been contaminated. The character was accordingly considered as due to a reappearance of the old notch gene. Notch was known to have reappeared six times since it first occurred. In order to find out whether the location of the new notch ( "notch,") gene was identical with that of the earlier ones, two cultures were raised in which a red-eyed notch, female was crossed to males carrying the sex-linked recessive genes eosin (eye color) and crimson (eye color). These genes are located fairly near to the left and to the right respectively of the old notch gene. When the F, flies hatched, a paradoxical result was obtained: All the notch, daughters, instead of being red-eyed as expected, had a yellowish eosin-like eye color. Since the normal-winged daughters did not show this exceptional eye color, the latter could not be due to a duplication of the eosin gene in the X chromosome received from the eosin crimson fathers, and it was at once regarded as probable that the appearance of F, eosin notch females was due to a "deficiency" (BRIDGES 1917) in the 1 From the Zoological Laboratory of COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.


A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between previous year's pay and current return on net investment, for eight "Class I" freight railroads from 1983-1988, suggests that railroads were unable to manipulate their pay levels over time in order to maximize profits. Implications for practice and research are discussed.


This drafts defines a moving network support for HIP enabled hosts.
The protocol uses asymmetric authentication and symmetric
authorization. The solution presented in this draft is based on
delegation of signalling rights between mobile nodes and mobile
routers that results in route optimization between end-hosts.


Gallagher's most powerful ideas related to theories of giftedness, published in the last 20 years of his life, are best summarized through six tenets. Giftedness is both environmental and genetic as seen in studies of prodigies and twins. As we come to appreciate the interaction effects of genes and environment on the development of intellectual potential, Dr. Gallagher steadfastly maintained the importance of both variables in understanding the development of giftedness across a life span. He also suggested that degrees of giftedness matter. Even in an environment that emphasizes performance over ability, he focused on the importance of finding highly gifted learners, using their profiles as a starting place for gifted programs, and supporting a range of opportunities, based on data available. Studies of early childhood gifted trajectories will help us understand how environmental opportunities affect basic development in key areas. Dr. Gallagher was always fascinated by the power of early development on future outcomes (Gallagher, 1994). As a special educator who directed the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute where the Abecedarian Project (a longitudinal study of early childhood development; Campbell, Ramey, Pungello, Sparling, & Miller-Johnson, 2002) was housed,


: With the rapid development of society and continuous technological progress, innovative capability has become a crucial aspect in higher education. Starting from the concept and connotation of innovation culture, this article explores the significant role of innovation culture in higher education, analyzes the challenges currently faced by innovative talent cultivation in universities, and proposes practical strategies for cultivating innovative talents in higher education from the perspective of innovation culture. Through the implementation of these strategies, it can better facilitate the cultivation and development of innovative talents in universities, contributing positively to social advancement and development.


The government's flu vaccination policy seeks to protect individuals at risk from the complications of flu by annual immunisations. Despite this policy people at risk have the right to choose whether or not to participate in the scheme. Nurse prescribers who administer the vaccine need to be sure that they have a valid consent or are acting in the best interests of the patient. In a series of articles Richard Griffith discusses how the requirments of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and its code of practice apply in cases where nurses are considering prescribing and administering the 'flu vaccine to patients at risk of the virus.


The North Atlantic sea level pressure anomalies (SLPA) associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been analyzed in a quasi‐millennial (1000–1990) simulation with the ECHO‐G model. In November–December, the ENSO‐related SLPA over the North Atlantic area are weak, while a realistic pattern already appears over the North Pacific and North America. In January–March, the SLPA over North Atlantic are stronger and realistic from the North Pacific to Europe: the Aleutian low is strengthened (weakened), SLPA are positive (negative) over the north‐central and north‐eastern parts of North America, and SLPA display a negative (positive) NAO‐like pattern over North‐Atlantic during warm (cold) ENSO events, as in observations. The results also confirm the existence of a strong inter‐event SLPA associated with warm and cold ENSO events, especially over the North Atlantic, while the relationship is stationary at multidecadal timescales. It seems that neither the intensity nor geographical longitude of the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and intensity of tropical Atlantic SSTA, nor the volcanic forcing, simply introduced here as a decrease of the solar constant, significantly induce an inter‐event variability, which seems, in this run, mostly of atmospheric origin.


Introduction Active isolation of engines (source) is a novel method for reducing interior noise in vehicles (receiver) at low frequencies and is still under development. Sensors can be placed at the receiver structure or near the source. The latter concept has two advantages: easier practical implementation and the possibility to define a global measure of the acoustic or vibrational response of the receiver structure. A numerical simulation tool was developed to analyze near-source sensor strategies.


The operation of wireless cellular networks can be efficiently supported by secondary small cells that are deployed at traffic hotspots within the coverage area of the primary macro cells. To this end, we examine the conditions under which the secondary base stations can share the same communication channel with the primary base stations under the constraint of a predefined quality of service, typical for uplink communications. In particular, requiring a target signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) for each transmission accommodated in a common interference-limited channel, we formally assess the impact of the secondary infrastructure in a W-CDMA system on the global achievability of the uplink target SINRs via distributed closed-loop power control. The effects of cell load and inter-cell coupling are distinguished. As a result, we define solutions to the problems of base station placement, cell coverage optimization, and target SINR adaptation in W-CDMA heterogeneous networks, as well as discuss their compatibility with standard downlink-oriented deployment guidelines. Analytical conclusions are validated numerically by 3GPP-compliant simulations of a W-CDMA heterogeneous network.