Esports has gained much attention in recent years, especially traditional sports clubs see esports as a way to diversify their product or brand. This is since many traditional sports are going gray, and they are often failing to attract a young audience. Furthermore, they need to catch-up concerning digitization and internationalization. These aspects are ingrained in the DNA of esports. Therefore, until the end of 2019, over 400 professional sports clubs entered esports. Though, there is no single strategy to enter the eSports ecosystem observable. Consequently, the goal of this paper is to systemize the way sports teams are acting in esports. Based on that analysis, three cases will be presented to show the potential struggle in joining esports and why sports need to establish a strategy for entering esports. Finally, several implications for sports teams will be presented to minimize the risk of entering the esports ecosystem.


We study infrared dynamics in quantum electrodynamics to construct the well-defined S- matrix without infrared divergences. S-matrix is a fundamental quantity for the scattering theory of particles in quantum field theories. However, the conventional S-matrix for theories with massless particles is not well-defined due to the infrared divergences. This problem originates in the fact that the interactions mediated by low energy massless particles create infinitely long-range forces between charged particles. Therefore, the better understanding of the infrared dynamics is necessary for improving the S-matrix. In the first half of this thesis, we focus on the following subjects that capture the universal features of the infrared dynamics: asymptotic symmetry, soft theorem, and memory effect. We elucidate the fundamental properties of the charge conservation law associated with the asymptotic symmetry and also develop the new relations among the three subjects. In the last half, the proper asymptotic states for the infrared finite S-matrix is investigated. The Faddeev-Kulish(F-K) dressed state has been known as a candidate for such a state. However, there was an argument that the F-K dressed states are not gauge invariant. We resolve the problem by deriving a correct gauge invariant condition and showing that the F-K dressed state is a solution of the condition. We also discuss the relation between the asymptotic state and the asymptotic symmetry for QED.


The theory and negative-resistance oscillation of silicon magnetic diode were briefly depicted in the paper.The Oscillation circuit was designed,and the denpendence of negative resistance characteristics of silicon magnetic diode on temperature and magnetic field was measured and analyzed.The results showed that,the high doped silicon magnetic diode exhibits negative resistance characteristics.The given oscillation circuit generates a sawtooth waveform with frequency range form 373mHz to 94.0kHz,and positive correlation is found between oscillation frequency and environment temperature,magnetic field,power supply,and load.The silicon magnetic diode produces a periodic voltage as a function of external condition if oscillation condition is met.Based on these characteristics,we can manufacture interface circuits of varactor or compound sensor for measuring signal of temperature,humidity,and magnetic field.


10.21276/sajb.2018.6.8.3 Abstract: The local cultivar of Singgalang cabbage is an endemic vegetable in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, it has three variants, namely Biaso, Batang Hitam and Senggan which is favored by consumers. This local cultivator is threatened with extinction due to lack of interest by farmers regarding the low productivity and susceptibility to pest and disease attacks compared to modern cultivars. To conserve the local germplasm and its use as a breeding material have been analyzed genetic variation and genetic differentiation by RAPD technique using 17 primers. The result showed that three primers (OPAC-11, OPA-02, and OPA-9) were able to amplify DNA and produce polymorphic bands. The percentage of polymorphic bands using OPAC-11, OPA-02 and OPA-09 was 100%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. The Batang Hitam variant has highest heterozygosity value (H) is 0.2725 with 0.3932 of the Shanon diversity index value (I), while the Biaso variant shows the lowest value of H (0.1400) and I (0.2070). Genetic variation between variants (Gst) is categorized as low (0.3917), and the gene flow (Nm) is high (0.7763). The cluster analysis showed that between Biaso and Senggan variants have the most distant genetic distance of 0.4057, and followed by Biaso and Batang Hitam variants with the genetic distance of 0.3273.


We present two examples to show how the classical multivariate statistical approaches significantly lose efficiency or do not even work when dealing with high dimensional data analysis. These underline the importance and urgency of developing new theories to fit the urgent need of high dimensional data analysis.


Affective development has long since been cited as one of the main components of scientific literacy. According to Krathwohl, Bloom and Masia, attitudes, emotions, and values that are manifested as preferred choices, appreciations, and interests comprise the affective domain. Such attitudes, emotions, and values are neither immutable nor necessarily transferable from one discipline to the next. In an effort to identify and measure scientific affect and to later assess its impact on achievement, the author set out to develop and validate an attitude instrument in the form of a Likert-type scale. Following test construction, reliability was calculated according to several split-half methods, using a sample of 806 students in grades 4 through 12. The result was a most satisfactory reliability range of 0.91–0.94.


Understanding the quality of our local water is becoming a paramount issue for New Jersey communities. In this study, the team investigated the contents of different samples of water including the Borough of Madison's tap water, water from varying nearby locations, and Stop-and-Shop spring water. The team focused primarily on the calcium and chloride ions in the samples through titrations, and suggested possible sources of these ions. A qualitative study using the persistent presence of soap bubbles explored the hardness of several water samples. Conductivity and pH tests provided insight into the total ion concentration and the solubility of calcium carbonate. Upon examination of the water samples, Madison tap water was found to have exhibited higher concentrations of calcium and chloride ions than spring water. Furthermore, the team tested samples of water from various streams that feed into the Great Swamp aquifer; this allowed us to track the presence of ions from the source. This thorough examination of water analyzes the ions present in different types of water and offers possible sources that the contaminants could have originated from.


In this study, we investigated the relationship between individuals' performance and their heart rate (HR) in a simulation-based training task. Participants were required to monitor a set of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) simulated on a computer monitor, observe fuel levels and refuel within a defined time window. The task was cognitively demanding as it required individuals to be highly attentive. Participants took part in ten trials while their eye-gaze, HR and galvanic skin response were acquired simultaneously. Based on the retention of task performance in later trials, participants were categorised into two groups, a high performance (HP) group and low performance (LP) group. We found that the HP group showed a higher HR compared to the LP group while performing the task, with a difference of around 7 beats per minute. This finding was verified by participants' responses to a post experiment feedback questionnaires. HP participants with higher HR reported better cognitive engagement compared to the LP participants. The LP group reported higher task difficulty compared to the HP group, which might have caused them to exert low effort leading to less engagement. This was reflected in their lower HR and performance scores, compared to the HP group. A regression analysis between performance scores and HR also indicated that HR could be used as a predictor of performance between individuals with high task engagement.


This is the introductory article to a special series in Cognitive and Behavioral Practice on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Instead of each article herein reviewing the basics of ACT, this article contains that review. This article provides a description of where ACT fits within the larger category of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT): CBT is an overarching term for a whole cluster of therapies, and ACT is one of many forms of CBT. Functional contextualism and how it informs ACT is briefly reviewed. The behavior analytic account of cognition that informs ACT, relational frame theory (RFT), and rule-governed behavior are covered. Psychological flexibility and the 6 resulting psychological processes of change (acceptance, defusion, being present, self as context, values, and committed action) are described. The empirical support for ACT and its related model are presented. Finally, characteristics of the ACT model, including its therapeutic approach, desired outcomes, and processes of change, are reviewed. T HIS special series on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) contains eight empirical papers on the efficacy of ACT, its target processes, or how to administer it. Rather than having each author review the basic concepts and terms used in ACT, this article will serve that purpose. This article describes where ACT fits in the larger field of CBT; the philosophical model on which ACT is based, functional contextualism; the behavior analytic account of cognition that informs ACT, relational frame theory (RFT) and rule-governed behavior; the psychological construct that this model addresses, psychological flexibility; the empirical support for ACT and its related model; and characteristics of the ACT model, including its therapeutic approach, desired outcomes, and processes of change.


As a consequence of nonuniformity of light source,different response of photosensitive element,dark-current and offset,nonuniform image will be output from the monochrome CCD camera for a uniform object.It will be disadvantageous to feature extraction and measurement in course of image processing later.To solve this problem,influence factors of flat-field were analyzed,and a method of image correction was presented.The experimental result indicates that this method is effective and feasible.


Although it is often glossed over or mentioned in passing in literary studies, the Panic of 1837 was one of the most important historical moments in the antebellum United States. Among other consequences, it served as a catalyst for a surge in literary and cultural production related to economic crisis, the "credit system," and individual failure; its impact lasted through the Civil War. In the wreckage left behind by the collapse, American writers, especially those involved in reform movements, struggled to reaffirm faith in the rationality and comprehensibility of the credit-based market and the possibilities for individual self-possession and permanent value. This dissertation explores four such recuperative sites of fantasy that were prevalent in the literature of the post-Panic years: the home, the spirit-world, the temperance meeting, and the post-1848 West. While these discourses attempted to serve as reassurances for the possibilities of success amidst widespread failure, this project analyzes the ways in which for many authors affected by the Panic, working within these very discourses, this fantasy of recuperation was bound to end in failure. From this failure, however, emerge ways of living and relating to others that run against the grain or question the desirability of the values associated with economic success. Exploring writers from Catherine Maria Sedgwick to Theodore Winthrop, I argue that antebellum literature inverted the prevailing definitions of success and failure, making from the latter the means of imagining social ethics through and beyond the credit market.


Curriculum is a bridge connecting macro-education theory and micro teaching practice, and it is the main medium for a college to achieve the educational goal, and also it is the main means to train the students. For the important function of the cultural basic curriculum in higher vocational education, the majors requirements, the courses system and the students developing should be considered as the base of the cultural courses setting.


Under the background of rural revitalization, farmland transfer has become an important way to promote agricultural scale and modern management. While the farmland transfer promotes the concentration of farmland and the transformation of agricultural production methods, what is the impact of farmland transfer on farmers' welfare? Based on the rural survey data of Xinzhou in Shanxi, this paper used the grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to measure the changes of farmers' welfare before and after farmland transfer. The study found that the overall welfare level of farmers in three counties of Xinzhou was improved after farmland transfer. The welfare level of farmers was increased by 7.63%, from 0.367 to 0.395. However, the changes in various welfare elements were quite different, and some welfare levels were even declined. After farmland transfer, the welfare distribution gap of farmers transferred out farmland has a tendency to expand.


This paper presents a method of building fatigue loads spectrum of tank′s key components through virtual testing.The balance elbow is taken as studying target,and the rigid-flexible coupled model of tank is built.Fatigue loads data is obtained through simulation under desired mission profile.Rainflow cycle counting is performed to preprocess the fatigue loads data and statistical methods are used to establish the target loads spectrum which reproduces realistic service loading conditions.The study provides statistics for fatigue estimation and accelerated life testing of balance elbow.


This paper investigates category changes among imperative particles in Ancient Greek. Using diachronic evidence from the category change of the imperative ἀμέλει ( amélei 'don't worry'>'of course') and similar imperative particles (ἄγε áge , ἴθι íthi , φέρε fére , εἰπέ μοι eipé moi and ἰδού idoú ), this paper investigates the diachronic interdependence of intersubjectification, grammaticalization and language change in general. It does this in four ways. First, the intersubjectification of ἀμέλει confirms that intersubjectification can take place without subjectification ( pace Traugott 2003: 134). Second, I detail the intersubjectification of ἀμέλει with changes in the cognitive domain (no practical>no epistemic worries), the pragmatic domain (responsively resolving>independently assuming resolved worries) and contextual conditions (creating intersubjective alignment>assuming it). Third, I tease apart the various diachronic origins of changes which have affected ἀμέλει. Finally, using contrastive evidence from parallel category changes of Ancient Greek imperative particles, I argue that whereas the imperative particles can be variously affected by structural grammaticalization changes, they all display signs of context change (as shown by illocutionary extensions to occurrence with declarative and interrogative illocutions). Thus, the diverse threads of category change can be woven together by tracing the diverse of contexts of change as well as the diverse diachronic processes shaping them.


The body-fitted coordinate system has been used in the numerical simulation of the three dimension flow field in the boat-shaped pulverized coal burner and the total pressure correction has been established. The results are in good agreement with the experiment. In addition, some problems concerned with the numerical simulation are discussed further.


The MMPI has long been correlated with suicidal behavior. The results of such research has generally been disappointing (Carson, 1969). Yet, the MMPI scales have rarely been related to suicidal lethality. The lethality of a suicide attempt is the probability of its resulting in death. Suicide researchers (Cutter, Jorgensen, Farberow, & Gansler, 1968) have developed a seven-point scale for each of three aspects of suicidal behavior: adequacy of planning, effectiveness of method, and provisions for rescue. Range of scores for the Suicide Intention scale is 0 to 21, and the higher the total score the more lethal the suicidal act. To compare MMPI scores and suicidal behavior, 20 psychiatric inpatients completed the MMPI approximately 2 wk. after their suicide attempts. They were tested after their suicidal crises had largely passed in order to obtain more typical MMPI scores. There were 17 females and 3 males between the ages of 20 to 56 yr. Their mean agc was 31.45 yr. (Mdn.,. 24.50 yr.). Two researchers blindly rated from the hospital records the lethality of the suicidal acts. The Pearson correlation between the two ratings was .89. The range of the lethality ratings was 4 to 14. The mean lethality score was 8.90 (Mdn 8.50). The Pearson correlations between the MMPI scales and the lethality scores are: L = -.02; F = -.08; K = .48; HJ = .04; D = .08; Hy = -.04; Pd = -.23; Pa = .22; Pt = .15; Sc = .06; Ma = -.63. Removing the three males' scores negligibly altered these correlations. The validity scale K significantly correlated (p = .05) with the lethality ratings. The range of the K scores, 6 to 28, was not extreme; with one exception, the scores were below the MMPI standard score of 70. These results suggest that persons who make the more lethal suicide attempts tend to be defensive, while persons making attempts of low lethality readily admit personal problems and self-dissatisfaction. The significant negative correlation (p = .01) between the Ma scale and the lethality scores suggests that persons making suicide attempts of low lethality are socially outgoing and energized. This possibility is further confirmed by the extreme upper range of the Ma scores, 11 to 42, with 10 of the scores at or above the MMPI standard score of 70. The possibility that highly lethal suicide attempters lack drive and are socially retiring is less supported because of the few low Ma scores. Considering the small sample, especially the small number of males, these results should be considered tentative hypotheses. A replication with a larger sample is certainly justified. Relating the lethalicy of suicidal behavior with the MMPI as criterion may prove worthwhile.


The strongly correlated Kondo insulator ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ is known for its peculiar low-temperature residual conduction, which has recently been demonstrated to arise from a robust metallic surface, as predicted by the theory of topological Kondo insulator (TKI). Photoemission, quantum oscillation, and magnetic doping experiments have provided evidence for the Dirac-like dispersion and topological protection. Questions arise as to whether signatures of spin-momentum locking and electron interaction could be resolved in transport measurements. Here we report metallic conduction of surface down to mK temperatures. We observe in the surface the weak-antilocalization (WAL) effect at small perpendicular magnetic fields. At larger perpendicular magnetic fields, the surface exhibits an unusual linear magnetoresistance similar to those found in Bi-based topological insulators and in graphene.


This study aims to clarify the difference between leader and manager in the environment of economic and communication specific tourism field. Used method is one of meta-analytic nature; it consists of primarily configuration of set up of two epistemic nuclei and in analyzing them parallely. A first nucleus is that of leader-leadership relationship and the second nucleus is formed of manager-management relationship; significative joints of this two nuclei are comparatively analyzed. Common or similar features differentiating features are brought into convergence to create two clear portraits, one for leader and one for manager. The leader and the manager must accomplish two types of tasks: the one concerned with problem solving (tasks' fulfillment) and social functions (of group creation and maintenance. The leaderr is firstly oriented on group creation and maintenance and secondly on tasks' fulfillment. The manager is firstly oriented on problem solving and secondly on social functions. The comparative analysis of the leaders and managers stresses the fact that not all the managers are leaders and not all the leaders are also managers. The most efficient long term managers are also leaders. Managers make sure the tasks have been carried out, whereas the leaders focus on the people that carry out the tasks.


In order to predict the stress and possible crack distribution in the anchorage zones of pretensioned girders several models have been developed as can be found in the fib Model Code, the ASHTOO code or Eurocode 2. In this paper, the bursting and spalling formulas from the fib Model Code are evaluated by finite element calculations since some issues could be raised when applying the proposed formulas for industrial applications, especially for beams of limited dimensions. The effect of the upper strands, the assumed stress distribution at the opposite side of the equivalent symmetric prism, the stress transfer diagram along the strands and the effects of the strand position relative to the simplified resultant forces remain unclear. Accordingly two-dimensional finite element models were developed to gain insight into the bursting and spalling formulations from the fib Model Code. The numerical models render stresses and the stress flow results, which allow a more clear coupling to well-known strut-and-tie models. The results indicate that for various strand configurations, especially for small beams, the fib formulations may be too conservative.


The research is devoted to the topic of forming a political infrastructure for the safe development of municipalities, creating technologies for attracting political infrastructure participants to the development and assessment of alternatives for the optimal development of territories.We set ourselves the goal of showing territorial public self-government as a tool for increasing the openness of political decision-making and public confidence in the authorities, and identifying the transformational potential of digital technologies in the context of territorial public self-government.The methodological basis of the research was provided by such theories as: the information cybernetic model of the political system of K. Deutsch, the theory of the political system of D. Easton, the theory of deliberative democracy by J. Besset, the theory of direct democracy I. Blo, model of monitor (digital) democracy by J. Keane.The main results of this study are the following:1) the author's definition of the concept of "digitalization" was introduced — this is a process of radical transformation of the interaction of people in all spheres of social life, the implementation of which became possible on the basis of replacing analog (physical) data collection and processing systems with new technological systems that generate, transmit and process a digital signal about your condition. This transformation presupposes the formation of a different outlook of citizens, the use of other methods of management;2) the author's definition of the concept of "political infrastructure" is introduced — these are the types of connections between the elements of the political system. Different types of ties form various modifications of political institutions, they determine the contours of political communications carried out in the political space, including using various political technologies to influence the behavior of political forces.3) in the context of digitalization, interactive interaction of participants in the political process, the very configuration of the political infrastructure for the development of territories is changing, the political toolkit of dialogue between the authorities and society is changing, implying an increasingly widespread use of technologies to involve participants in political processes in the development and assessment of alternatives for optimal territorial development.


Numerous marine species are able to assess predation risk through chemical signals, and this capacity is usually found among animals that experience intense predation and possess chemoreception ability, such as brittle stars. We investigated the occurrence of chemical alarm signals and responses in four species of brittle stars: Amphipholis squamata , Ophionereis reticulata , Ophiactis savignyi and Ophiothrix angulata . Additionally, the effect of microhabitat on alarm-signal recognition was tested for O. savignyi . Brittle-star homogenate was released above individuals in an aquarium, and the duration of their immediate escape response was noted and compared to the control. The broadest recognition was observed for A. squamata , which showed an escape reaction to the damage-released stimuli of all brittle stars tested. Similarly broad recognition was observed for individuals of O. savignyi that were collected from the same algal species occupied by A. squamata , a microhabitat where these individuals co-occurred with each other and with juveniles of O. angulata . The similar size and habit of these species probably expose them to the same predators, and therefore, the alarm signal of one species represents a real risk of predation to the others. In contrast, individuals of O. angulata and O. savignyi collected from sponges did not respond to stimuli from either conspecific or heterospecific individuals. The reduction in predation pressure granted by their chemically protected hosts seems to be responsible for this lack of response. The fourth species, O. reticulata , only responded conspecifically. This brittle star is found buried among rubble, and is not observed associated with other organisms; it is known for its cannibalistic and predatory habit.


The role of nanotopography on the long‐term response of progenitor cells is explored using polycaprolactone (PCL) nanopillar and nanofiber surfaces seeded with plastic‐adherent rat multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). After 4 weeks in culture under normal expansion media conditions, MSCs cultured on nanofibers exhibit better adherence, increased proliferation, and maintain increasingly dense fibroblast‐like morphologies. In contrast, MSCs seeded on nanopillar surfaces display lowered adherence, reduced proliferation, and adopt highly elongated cellular morphologies. Immunofluorescent staining of MSCs on PCL nanopillars reveals the presence of two bone marker proteins, osteopontin and osteocalcin, providing evidence for surface induced differentiation into osteoblast‐like cells. Unlike the nanopillar topography, MSCs cultured on nanofiber and smooth PCL surfaces did not appear to undergo osteogenesis. Observed differences in cellular response to the PCL nanotopographies offer strategies to direct progenitor cell populations solely based upon submicron surface modifications. This study provides a foundation for future work exploring variations in PCL nanopillar topography with the goal of optimizing adherence and osteogenic response of MSCs.


4th International Workshop on Functional-Structural Plant Models, 7-11 june 2004 –Montpellier, France Edited by C. Godin et al., pp. 27 Fig. 1. Root centre lines with Automated method for non-destructive 3D visualisation of plant root architecture using X-ray tomography Peter Kolesik, Celine Fouard, Steffen Prohaska, Ann McNeill The University of Adelaide, Soil and Land Systems, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia b Epidaure INRIA Sophia, TGS Europe Bordeaux, U455 INSERM Toulouse, France c Zuse Institute Berlin, Scientific Computing, Department Visualization, 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany


In this paper, we propose incremental node extraction algorithms for incremental layout system. The algorithms are based on corner stitching data structure. The algorithm for insertion visits each connected tile the recursively with depth-first search while the algorithm for deletion uses the expanded area enumeration. To warrant the local searching space for the incremental constraint generation, planes are generated from the given design rules and used for incremental node extraction.


Diabetes can cause serious acute and chronic complications. Despite the diabetes is troublesome, good control on the patients' blood glucose can greatly help reducing complications and having a quality life. Exercise and diet control as well as medications are the iron triangle protecting the diabetes patients' health and quality life. This paper argues that effective intervention in the diabetes patient's daily life can do good help to ameliorate the case's health. Based on the transtheoretical model, this paper suggests a five-step approach with relevant strategies to be taken. This paper concludes with formulating an exercise program in accordance with the individual's cognition on behavior changes. This paper provides healthcare practices simple yet effective guidance while educating self-care of diabetes patients.


It is known that the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere is characterized with typical dynamical phenomena namely, the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Accurate modeling of the characteristic variations of the EIA is more important to arrive at the correct estimation of range delays required for the communication and navigation applications. The total electron content (TEC) data from a chain of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers at seven identified locations from equator to the anomaly crest and beyond along 315°E geographic longitude in the Brazilian sector are considered. The performances of the latest available IRI‐2012 and NeQuick2 models have been investigated during 2010–2013 in the increasing phase of the 24th solar cycle. A comparative study on the morphological variations of the GPS measured and modeled TEC revealed that the performances of the models are improved during low solar activity periods compared to that during the increased solar activity years. The strength and the locations of the EIA crest are nearly well represented by both the models during the low solar activity while the models underestimate the peak TEC at the EIA during the increased solar activity conditions. The deviations between the GPS‐measured and model‐derived TEC are more during equinoctial and summer months at and around the anomaly crest locations. Significant differences have also been observed in between the TEC values derived from both the models. The causes for the discrepancies in the modeled TEC values are discussed based on the model‐derived and ionosonde‐measured vertical electron density profiles variations.


If the later transcripts of the original documents could be trusted, the agreement in Tati, from May 1426, which was reached between Stefan Lazarevic and Sigismund of Luxembourg, obliged the Serbian despot to promise, among other things, to confer Belgrade to the king of Hungary after his death, in order to recognize Đurađ Brankovic for his legal heir and the future landlord of rather big despot's territories in Hungary. After taking over the city, which was the future important military stronghold and rampart for the further progress of Turks, Sigismund tried to inhabit it with the Catholic population, transferring it to an important trade center. With that purpose, he sent the letter to the Dubrovnik Senate Chamber on 9 November 1427, urging the local merchants and artisans to come in large numbers with their goods to Belgrade. The paper presents a genuine text of the letter-response of the Senate Chamber to the Hungarian king, and its translation into Serbian. It was found out that Dubrovnik inhabitants were not able to immediately respond to Sigismund 's requirements: most merchants and artisans were isolated, being in danger within the walls of Novo Brdo and Prizrenac, where they defended the mentioned villages of persistent Turkish invasion together with Serbs since the beginning of 1427. The paper contains a detailed lexical, and morphological and syntax analysis of the text as a typical sample of Latin influence in the late middle age, with all the very specific characteristics of the Dubrovnik area.


SUMMARY

Survival of fungi after fumigation with methyl bromide was affected by fumigant concentration, duration of exposure and treatment temperature. The concentration x time (ct) products required to kill slow growing species were lower than those required for fast growing fungi; in addition, for some species the ct products required also increased with increasing treatment times. In all fungi studied, ct products required decreased with increasing treatment temperature.


The quantum chemical UHF-SCF-PM3 MO method has been employed to calculate the pyrolysis initiation reactions of α、β、γ、e and δ polymorphs of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane in gas phase. Their transition states,activation energies,and potential energy curves have been obtained. The changes of the geometries,energies and atomic charges over these reactions are revealed. It is found that the mechanism of pyrolysis initiation reaction of titled compound is similar to that of usual non caged nitramine explosives. In addition,the relationship between the activation energy and the impact sensitivity is also discussed.


The author clarifies opportunities of design automation system "Network Lab", such as Ethernet networks model creation of different layouts and evaluation of created layout. In the article there is a consistent account of the most important characteristics of mass service networks, construction and functioning of packets switching basic network. Acceptance acknowledgment mechanisms and time-outs are put forward as information transfer reliability insurance factors of network protocols. Also the author highlights channel level protocols, describes queues formation process. The article gives information about justification and usage of probability mathematics model of mass service theory, explains content of network analytical model, telecommunication network operation mechanism and buffers operation schemes. Ethernet protocol environment division mechanism through M/M/1 type model is an important part. The article ends with local computer network processes functioning efficiency evaluation principle, the author justifies efficiency evaluation parameters that are used in design automation system "Network Lab".


This paper reports an investigation into the acceptability of increased government funding for transport infrastructure improvements to help the transportation disadvantaged in South Korea. To do this, we analyze the investment benefits for the transportation disadvantaged by using the contingent valuation (CV) technique, in Korea. The survey was designed rigorously to comply with the guidelines for best-practiced CV studies, and the respondents well accepted the hypothetical market. The mean monthly willingness to pay for the improved transportation infrastructures toward the universal design is 5,726 Korean won per household, and the aggregated value to nationwide scale would then be 1,091.63 billion Korean won per year. The estimation results show how people appraise non-market services of public works, and can be used as quantitative information on the benefits in ex-ante analysis of public transport policy.


In the paper we introduced an accident happened in one oil field in Xinjiang district in 2005. By the mechanics analyse of the steel wire of the crane in the site, we found that iclegal operation. The analy sis and conclusions can be used for the reference of preventing the similar accident.


Under pedestrian and vehicle mixed traffic conditions, the potential accident rate is high due to a complex traffic environment. In order to solve this problem, we present a real-time cognitive vision system. In the scene-capture level, foreground objects are extracted based on the combination of spatial and temporal information. Then, a coarse-to-fine algorithm is employed in tracking. After filtering-based normal tracking, problems of the target blob missing, merging, and splitting are resolved by the adaptive tracking modification method in fine tracking. For greater robustness, the key idea of our approach is adaptively adjusting the classification sensibility of each pixel by employing tracking results as feedback cues for target detection in the next frame. On the basis of the target trajectories, behavior models are evaluated according to a decision logic table in the behavior-evaluation level. The decision logic table is set based on rules of real scenes. The resulting system interprets different kinds of traffic behavior and warns in advance. Experiments show robust and accurate results of abnormality detection and forewarning under different conditions. All the experimental results run at real-time frame rates (⩾25 fps) on standard hardware. Therefore, the system is suitable for actual Intelligent Traffic System applications.


ABSTRACT Techniques in polymer synthesis are taking different dimensions in the last few decades. Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization processes resulted in a wide range of polymeric architectures made from an almost infinite reservoir of functional building blocks. The concept of click chemistry revolutionized the way how polymer chemists approached synthetic routes. Among the few reactions that could qualify as click approach; the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction is in the front place. Whether click or not, cycloadditions are powerful tools for designing polymeric materials in a modular fashion, with a high level of functionality and, sometimes responsiveness. Thus we have developed an efficient synthetic platform for the preparation of a new class of polyimide-based high-performance thermosets (HPTs) based on the double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of munchnone with bis-maleimides. It is worth mentioning that this report is the first to deal with the changes in physico-chemical properties of HPTs obtained by cycloaddition reaction due to gamma irradiation. The polymers synthesized by this unique technique were irradiated with gamma doses in the range 10–300 kGy. The consequential effect of gamma radiation and the structural modifications induced on HPTs have been studied and discussed as a function of dose using different characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis Spectroscopy.


Objective To investigate the effects of optimization therapy on depression degree,glycemic level and life quality of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods One hundred and eighty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients(97 patients with oral hypoglycemic and 83 patients with insulin treatment) were analyzed with Hamilton Depression Scale and short-form 36 questionnaire.Results It showed that 38.3% of the 180 patients with diabetes mellitus manifested depression in various degrees.The patients under insulin treatment showed more marked depression than oral hypoglycemic(P0.01).The blood glucose controlling was worse in patients with mild depression(P0.05).There was a significant decrease in life quality of patients(P0.05).Conclusion In the optimization treatment for patients with diabetes mellitus,efforts should be made to improve their mental health status and quality of life as well as to control the blood glucose.


We propose a novel approach for measuring the impact of climate change on long-horizon equity risk and optimal portfolio choice. Our method combines historical data about the impact of climate change on return dynamics with prior beliefs elicited from the temperature long-run risk (LRR-T) model of Bansal, Kiku, and Ochoa (2019). Our Bayesian framework incorporates this prior information to obtain more precise estimates of long-term climate risks than existing methods that solely rely on historical data. Compared to the benchmark investor without climate change, we document that the LRR-T Bayesian investor predicts higher equity premia for all investment horizons, with per period variance increasing considerably over the horizon. This results in relatively (high) low allocations to equities in the (short) long run. Investors that optimize between portfolios that are vulnerable and non-vulnerable to climate change only diversify in the long run.


Road luminances were investigated using a realistic visual task and a defined performance criterion of ease of seeing. Position keeping in the traffic stream is an important aspect of the driving task and detection of change of the angular size of the rear of the followed vehicle is the important visual element of this task. Data from a laboratory simulation are presented, linking time to detection of change of visual angle to light level, the initial headway of the followed vehicle and its subsequent acceleration or deceleration. A nomogram is given from which the road luminance can be deduced for a range of traffic conditions. This luminance will permit seeing with a near minimum reaction time. The CIE lighting recommendations for freeways (motorways) are evaluated.


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Introduction: Endodontic instruments fracture is related to several factors from internal dental anatomy and type, to operator inability and inexperience. Objective: To review case reports related to fracture of endodontic instruments inside the root canal. Methodology: A literature review was carried out using papers available in the PubMed and Lilacs databases. Only case reports were included, with no restriction on language and publication year Results: It was analyzed eight papers with 11 instrument fracture cases, with the highest prevalence (45.5%) of rotary instruments fracture, occurring mainly in middle-cervical and middle-apical root canals thirds. In 90.9% of cases, techniques used for removal showed successful results and in only one case (9.1%), the technique was unsuccessful and the instrument was kept inside the root canal. Final considerations: Endodontic instruments fracture is a complication can directly affect prognosis and endodontic treatment success. Several techniques and devices can be used to remove fractured fragments inside root canals, however, there is no specific protocol for their removal. Keywords: accidents; endodontics; fracture; dental instruments; prognosis.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To (1) identify the perceptions of Jordanian patients who suffer from coronary artery diseases towards nurse caring behaviours in critical care units; (2) identify the perceptions of Jordanian nurses who work in critical care units towards nurse caring behaviours; and (3) compare the perceptions of both patients and nurses towards nurse caring behaviours in critical care units.

BACKGROUND
Caring is an important concept in nursing, when nursing behaviours were perceived by patients as caring behaviours, and thus, their satisfaction with the quality of care can be improved. Therefore, it is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about the caring behaviours as perceived by patients who complained from coronary artery diseases themselves.

DESIGN
A descriptive comparative design was used.

METHODS
A convenience sample of 150 patients who complained from coronary artery diseases and 60 critical care unit nurses completed the demographic form and the Caring Behavior Assessment scale.

RESULTS
Patients in critical care units perceived physical and technical behaviours as most important caring behaviours, whereas nurses in critical care units perceived teaching behaviours as most important caring behaviours.

CONCLUSION
There were significant differences between patient participants' and nurse participants' perceptions towards four subscales of Caring Behavior Assessment scale that should be considered when caring for patients with coronary artery diseases.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Patients with coronary artery diseases need well-trained and clinically competent nurses to meet their needs. 'Spiritual needs' was an important nurse caring behaviour that should be emphasised in nursing practice.


Machine vision is a noncontact measurement method. In some jobs that are not suitable for artificial work environment or artificial vision, machine vision is usually used to replace artificial vision to meet the traditional requirements. Therefore, this paper quotes machine vision into the intelligent scoring and style research of calligraphy post. Firstly, it briefly introduces the related concepts and steps of calligraphy post and briefly explains the style of calligraphy post. Then for the third part of the machine vision localization research algorithm, the correlation function algorithm was proposed in the research field to explain and analyze. Finally, by comparing other research methods of machine vision, it shows that machine vision is more conducive to the study of calligraphy style intelligent scoring, through the experimental study of people on the calligraphy style and calligraphy style of people on the intelligent score. At the end, it is proposed that machine vision can greatly promote the study of intelligent scoring and style of calligraphy and also reflect the accuracy and usability of intelligent scoring for calligraphy style. On-contact test of machine vision refers to not touching the tested object, so as to obtain the test result. It is a three-dimensional testing technology. Among them, the test system of machine vision is relatively simple. It is easy to move and easy to collect data, and the cost of this noncontact test is low. It has more accurate testing technology. A plurality of test quantities can be simultaneously tested by image laser detection of the test quantity without touching the object.


Cervical spondylosis often affects people over 50 years of age. It is due to degenerative changes in the discs and facets joints which may impinge on the spinal cord, causing neurological symptoms and pain. Treatment may involve physiotherapy, analgesia, injection treatments or surgery to remove the worn disc. The disc space can be maintained by fusing the joint using synthetic bone or allograft. However, fusion can limit movement and place extra strain on surrounding discs. Disc replacement is a relatively new treatment to replace the degenerate disc with an artificial implant which has the same range of movement as a normal disc. This will theoretically decrease the strain placed on adjacent discs, but long-term evidence is needed. The traditional role of cervical fusion is under the spotlight and may in the future be replaced by artificial disc replacement.


Hydroquinone (HQ) can form a gas clathrate in specific pressure and temperature conditions in the presence of CO2 molecules. This study presents experimental data of clathrate phase equilibrium and storage capacity for the CO2-HQ system in the range of temperature from about 288 to 354 K. Intercalation enthalpy and entropy are determined using the obtained equilibrium data and the Langmuir adsorption model. On a kinetic point of view, CO2-HQ clathrate formation by solid/gas reaction revealed a non-negligible effect of textural parameters on enclathration rate.


In order to determine the safety effects, if any, of concurrent-lane High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) implementations, a search of the results of existing research was conducted. Research results were reviewed for the following HOV designs: 3-8 ft (0.9-2.4 m) buffer; 8 ft (2.4 m) buffer [raised 6 in. (15 cm)]; 13 ft (4.6 m) buffer; and 0-2 ft (0-0.6 m) buffer. Although the research on the first three designs is too limited to be conclusive, the ten separate research efforts on the 0-2 ft (0-0.6 m) buffers indicate that building such lanes resulted in accident rates being significantly higher than they would have been had general purpose lanes been added.


Paddy is a strategic commodity in Indonesia. Paddy crop divided into hundreds of varieties with diverse characteristics. Therefore, information about the characteristics of each rice variety is needed. Also, several studies on the spectral characteristics of rice varieties have been carried out. These studies applied the vegetation indices approach to plant canopies. The aim of this study is detecting the spectral characteristics of rice varieties based on vegetation indices. Several vegetation indices, derived from Red, Green, Blue (RGB) bands, namely Excess Green Vegetation Index (ExG), Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI), and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI). Paddy field image derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was carried out to analyzed three rice varieties namely Ciherang, IR 64, and IR 42. The result showed that three rice varieties in Bekasi Regency have diverse spectral characteristics. It evident from the spectral minimum-maximum value of each variety, especially using the NGRDI. Ciherang has the highest spectral value (at the beginning of growth) and IR 42 has the highest spectral value (at the middle and end of growth).


In this paper we analyze a PDE system modeling (nonisothermal) phase transitions and damage phenomena in thermoviscoelastic materials. The model is thermodynamically consistent: in particular, no small perturbation assumption is adopted, which results in the presence of quadratic terms on the right-hand side of the temperature equation, only estimated in $L^1$. The whole system has a highly nonlinear character. We address the existence of a weak notion of solution, referred to as "entropic," where the temperature equation is formulated with the aid of an entropy inequality, and of a total energy inequality. This solvability concept reflects the basic principles of thermomechanics, as well as the thermodynamical consistency of the model. It allows us to obtain global-in-time existence theorems without imposing any restriction on the size of the initial data. We prove our results by passing to the limit in a time-discretization scheme, carefully tailored to the nonlinear features of the PDE system (with its...


Frederick Welden, a Rutgers graduate of the class of iç34> taught in the Oita College of Commerce in Japan during the years IQ36 to içjç and is now a graduate student in the Department of Chinese and Japanese at Columbia University. He has been given a grant from the American Council of Learned Societies to catalogue the Far Eastern Section of the Griffis collection in the Rutgers Library. In the following article he discusses a Japanese manuscript in the possession of the Library and gives a translation of parts of it which have an interesting bearing on the rise of modern Japan.


We prove that the Hankel transformation of a sequence whose elements are the sums of two adjacent Catalan numbers is a subsequence of the Fibonacci numbers. Thisisdonebyflndingtheexplicitformforthecoe‐cientsinthethree-termrecurrence relation that the corresponding orthogonal polynomials satisfy.


African American student-athletes represent the largest racial minority group of athletes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the majority of male student-athletes in football and basketball. The NCAA has partnered with It's On Us, an awareness campaign to help end sexual violence on college campuses. Intercollegiate athletics is a viable context, then, to consider transformative Black masculinity and sexual violence prevention. Transformative Black masculinity is when an African American or Black man intentionally employs his identity in the service of social justice and purposefully engages other Black males, as well as others, for that cause. This chapter considers transformative Black masculinity as a conceptual tool for the intentional engagement of Black male student-athletes within institutions of higher education for sexual violence prevention. Recommendations for policy, education and practice, and research are provided.


This talk presents bandwidth enhancement technique of axial ratio (AR) in 1 -point-fed circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antennas using metasurface (MS). In these structures, MSs consisting of a rectangular unit cell have been used for widening the impedance bandwidth in addition to the AR bandwidth. The author called this structure artificial ground structure (AGS) for the dual purpose. The AGS has been installed underneath the patch antenna with two truncated corners, and the substrates have a relative permittivity of εr = 2.2 and loss tangent of tan δ = 0.001 (ROGERS RT/Duroid 5880). The AGS has the function of an AMC for expanding the -10-dB S11 bandwidth. Also, the AGS can convert the incident wave of linear polarization (LP) or elliptical polarization (EP) to CP reflected wave. This mechanism can extend the AR bandwidth. However, this expansion is sometimes limited by resonances in related to the outer circumference of the MS structure. If the circumference is rectangular, that is the dimension along x is different from that along y, an extra difference of phase causes in x- and y- components of the radiated field resulting in deteriorated AR.


Charles Whitlaw (otherwise Whitly) was born in Yester, East Lothian, and received training in Edinburgh as a horticulturist before emigrating to North America where he spent about two decades from 1794. He collected botanical specimens, some of which are preserved in the herbarium at the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin. In the United States, Whitlaw obtained a patent for processing the fibres of Urtica whitlawii which was named after him by Muhlenberg. On returning to Britain, he was proposed for election as a Fellow of The Linnean Society of London, but was black-balled. Returning again to North America Whitlaw gave lectures on botanical topics to general audiences using hand-painted "transparencies" acquired from Dr Robert Thornton. Later Whitlaw established "patent medicated vapour baths" in which he employed various North American plants with reputed medicinal properties. Claiming to be able to cure diseases such as scrofula, Whitlaw outraged the medical establishment and he was branded a ...


THE LITERATURE SURVEY WAS MADE ON BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXTURES TO EVALUATE THE FUNCTION OF NATURAL AGGREGATES AND CRUSHED AGGREGATES IN THE MIXTURE. OPINIONS AND CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF AGGREGATE SIZE AND GRADATION ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES ARE NOT COMPLETELY CONSISTENT. HOWEVER, IT IS AGREED THAT THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF AN AGGREGATE IS IMPORTANT WITH REGARD TO SKID RESISTANCE OF THE PAVEMENT, THE PERCENTAGE ASPHALT NEEDED IN THE MIXTURE, AND THE WORKABILITY AND ECONOMY OF THE MIXTURE. AGGREGATE GRADATION AND SIZE RANGE INFLUENCE THE STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIXTURE, PERMEABILITY, ASPHALT CONTENT, ECONOMY, WORKABILITY, AND SKID RESISTENCE. AGGREGATE SHAPE IS DISCUSSED IN THE LITERATURE PRIMARILY IN TERMS OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NATURAL AGGREGATES (GRAVELS AND SANDS) AND CRUSHED AGGREGATES (CRUSHED GRAVEL OR CRUSHED STONE). THE LITERATURE INDICATES THAT THE SHAPE OF THE AGGREGATE HAS AN APPRECIABLE EFFECT ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MIXTURE, ON THE PROPER ASPHALT CONTENT, AND ON THE VOIDS RELATIONSHIP. THE GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE PRINCIPLE THAT THE SHAPE OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE IS CRITICAL WITH REGARD TO PROPERTIES OF GRADED MIXTURES SEEMS TO APPLY ONLY TO OPEN-GRADED MIXTURES. THE LITERATURE INDICATES THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FINE AGGREGATE FRACTION ARE DOMINANT FOR DENSE-GRADED MIXTURES. AGGREGATE SHAPE IS ALSO IMPORTANT IN ITS EFFECT ON SKID RESISTANCE. THE EFFECT OF SURFACE TEXTURE IS OFTEN RELATED TO GRADING IN ITS INFLUENCE ON THE STABILITY OF AGGREGATES.


A method for controlling the operation of an arrangement of at least two electric machines (6) which are coupled for movement with different wheels (2) of a motor vehicle (1) and are connected to a battery (9), which battery (9) has a current minimum and a current maximum cutoff current (24) for the electric machine (6) provides, with a drive control logic (14) desired torques (15, 16) for the electric machines (6) are provided, wherein, for each electric machine (6) from the target torque (15, 16) resulting target current is determined and the sum of the target currents of the electric machine (6) with the maximum and minimum limiting current (24) are compared, lying at a defined outside by the boundary flows (24) interval sum of the target currents based at least one change rule (25) can be modified so that the sum of the target currents within the limit currents (24), and from the geander th target currents modified setpoint torques (26, 27) are determined, which are used for driving the electric machine (6).


Performance measurement is of great importance for scientists because both their career and the reputation of their institution are affected by it. This contribution describes why Open Access publications tend to be disadvantaged by evaluation processes, which is especially true for processes focusing on citation based impact metrics. Assuming that this effect is not caused by a poorer quality of Open Access publications but by methodological biases of the evaluation mechanisms, it is discussed whether alternative performance measurement concepts could make Open Access more attractive for scientists.


The thesis extends the three-level Shewhart control chart proposed by Cassady and Nachlas [8] to exponentially weighted moving average and Shewhart-EWMA control charts for monitoring the quality of three-level (conforming, marginal, nonconforming) products. The control limits of the proposed control chart are established based on the zero-state average run lengths using Markov chain approximation. Basically, the proposed control charts improve the performance of the three-level Shewhart control chart signi‾cantly and are able to detect small shifts in a process more quickly.


Inthis paperanewclustering operator for Evolutionary Algorithms isproposed. Theoperator in- corporates theunsupervised k-windows clustering algo- rithm, utilizing already computed pieces ofinformation regarding thesearch space inanattempt todiscover re- gions containing groups ofindividuals located close to different minimizers. Consequently, thesearch iscon- fined inside these regions andalarge numberofglobal andlocal minimaoftheobjective function canbeeffi- ciently computed. Extensive experiments shownthat the proposed approach iseffective andreliable, andgreatly accelerates theconvergence speed oftheconsidered al- gorithms.


Peritoneal dissemination is the primary metastatic route of ovarian cancer (OvCa), and is often accompanied by the accumulation of ascitic fluid. The peritoneal cavity is lined by mesothelial cells (MCs), which can be converted into carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (MMT). Here, we demonstrate that MCs isolated from ascitic fluid (AFMCs) of OvCa patients with peritoneal implants also undergo MMT and promote subcutaneous tumour growth in mice. RNA sequencing of AFMCs revealed that MMT‐related pathways – including transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signalling – are differentially regulated, and a gene signature was verified in peritoneal implants from OvCa patients. In a mouse model, pre‐induction of MMT resulted in increased peritoneal tumour growth, whereas interfering with the TGF‐β receptor reduced metastasis. MC‐derived CAFs showed activation of Smad‐dependent TGF‐β signalling, which was disrupted in OvCa cells, despite their elevated TGF‐β production. Accordingly, targeting Smad‐dependent signalling in the peritoneal pre‐metastatic niche in mice reduced tumour colonization, suggesting that Smad‐dependent MMT could be crucial in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Together, these results indicate that bidirectional communication between OvCa cells and MC‐derived CAFs, via TGF‐β‐mediated MMT, seems to be crucial to form a suitable metastatic niche. We suggest MMT as a possible target for therapeutic intervention and a potential source of biomarkers for improving OvCa diagnosis and/or prognosis. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


One method of overcoming wire delay due to long resistive interconnect is to insert repeaters in the line. Analytical expressions describing a CMOS inverter driving an RC load have been integrated into a methodology for inserting repeaters in RC trees. These expressions are based on a short channel I-V model and exhibit less than 10% error. This repeater insertion methodology and its software implementation are described in this paper.


Summary
A method for extraction and determination of organic phosphorus based on a pretreatment with IM HC1 followed by ultrasonic Vibration in 0.5M NaOH is proposed and shown to be generally superior to two commonly used procedures in terms of efficiency and speed. Determination of organic phosphorus by the proposed technique showed that almost a third of the phosphorus applied to a red-brown earth growing a mixed legume-grass pasture has been incorporated into organic molecules.


© Yokogawa ISS ProSafe is a registered mark of Yokogawa Industrial Safety Systems. All other brand or productnames are trademarks of their respective owners. Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Yokogawa ISS. The ProSafe-DSP system is a Safety Instrumented System (SIS) that was designed for applications, which require the highest Safety Integrity Levels (SIL). For the DSP: 'Dedicated Safety Processor' a selection can be made between a programmable logic-solver (PLS) or a solid-state logic-solver (SLS). Both technologies are capable of executing all typical Safety tasks, as well as the related supplementary non-Safety functions. This comprises interfacing with a Man-Machine-Interface (MMI), Distributed Control System (DCS), Sequence of Event Recording (SER), a SCADA s y s t e m , e t c. This manual will familiarise the reader with the merits of the ProSafe-D S P system, created by the unique system design, setting it apart from conventional software-based Safety P L C 's. The aspects of Safety and Fault-tolerance are discussed, as well as the system structure, configuration, the communication capabilities and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s. In particular the powerful System Engineering Tool (SET) is highlighted. It facilitates the engineering, programming and maintenance procedures; furthermore it creates the project documentation.


Purpose— One of the hallmarks of cancer immunotherapy is the long duration of responses, evident with cytokines like interleukin-2 or a variety of cancer vaccines. However, there is limited information available on very long term outcomes of patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Tremelimumab is an anti-CTLA-4 antibody of Ig G2 istoype initially tested in patients with advanced melanoma over 12 years ago. Methods— We reviewed the outcomes of patients with advanced melanoma enrolled in four phase 1 and 2 tremelimumab trials at two sites to determine response rates and long-term survival. Results— A total of 143 patients were enrolled at two institutions from 2002 to 2008. Tremelimumab administration varied between a single dose of 0.01 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg every 3 months. Median overall survival was 13 months (95% CI, 10–16.6), ranging from less than a month to 12+ years. An objective response rate of 15.6% was observed, with median duration of response of 6.5 years, range of 3 to 136+ months. The Kaplan-Meier estimated 5 year survival rate was 20% (95% CI, 13–26%), with 10 and 12.5 year survival rates of 16% (95% CI, 9–23%). Conclusions— CTLA-4 blockade with tremelimumab can lead to very long duration of objective anti-tumor responses beyond 12 years.


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Compared with most pregnant mums, skinks have it easy. They invest much of the energy needed to rear their young to full term when producing the egg yolk that will nourish the foetuses during development. But that doesn't mean that skink mums get off scot-free: the additional


The structural, optical and morphological characterization of In doped CuO nanoparticles for different molar concentration of In at 3, 5 and 7 wt% has been investigated. The XRD analysis confirms that all the particles are polycrystalline in nature. The FT-IR spectrum explores the presence of functional groups of Copper oxide and Indium in the prepared system. The doping concentration of Indium chloride has an influence on the optical properties of Copper oxide. The SEM analysis revealed that the particles were to spherical shape in undoped CuO and doping of Indium chloride into CuO, the cauliflower structure nanoparticles could be obtained by aggregation of tetragonal shaped nanoparticles.


In order to enhance stability and convergence race of neural network,a new optimized accelerated algorithm is presented for neural network in the paper.Applied the N former weights values to new modified weights can enhance training stability;accelerating by Steffensen iterative method can make neural network more rapid convergence.It is effective to solve problems mentioned of traditional BP neural network.At last,a numerical experiment is carried out,inputting ten vehicle license number images as training samples into improved algorithm and traditional algorithm for training.It is found that errors of improved algorithm decline steadily.The improved algorithm has no surge and a earlier convergence compared to traditional BP algorithm in the training process.


Fourier-envelope algorithms are an important component of the mixed-signal/RF verification toolbox. In this article the unpredictability and lack of robustness that has been reported for these algorithms is addressed. It is shown that the problem stems from "slow" envelopes that fundamentally feature fast oscillations. We demonstrate that this is related to the fact that the envelope equations are always stiff, whether or not the underlying system is. We show that careful choice of the envelope initial conditions is necessary to obtain useful solutions, and propose two techniques for finding good initial conditions. By applying these techniques and solving the envelope equations with stiffly-stable numerical methods, we obtain a robust and reliable Fourier-envelope method. The new methods are illustrated by a direct-downconversion mixer circuit. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2005.


Since the phenomenon of cloud computing was proposed, there is an unceasing interest for research across the globe. Cloud computing has been seen as unitary of the technology that poses the next-generation computing revolution and rapidly becomes the hottest topic in the field of IT. This fast move towards Cloud computing has fuelled concerns on a fundamental point for the success of information systems, communication, virtualization, data availability and integrity, public auditing, scientific application, and information security. Therefore, cloud computing research has attracted tremendous interest in recent years. In this paper, we aim to precise the current open challenges and issues of Cloud computing. We have discussed the paper in three-fold: first we discuss the cloud computing architecture and the numerous services it offered. Secondly we highlight several security issues in cloud computing based on its service layer. Then we identify several open challenges from the Cloud computing adoption perspective and its future implications. Finally, we highlight the available platforms in the current era for cloud research and development.


Taxonomic subdivision of Ichthyosaura alpestris (then Triturus) was recognized by Dely in 1964 in his dissertation. While other subspecies were described in other publications, he did not publish the name Triturus alpestris bakonyiensis in valid form according to ICZN. Therefore the nomenclatural validation of this subspecies is given here.


In traditional machine learning algorithms, more labeled data are required in model training for better classification accuracy. However, collecting labeled data is an expensive task for real applications. In this paper, a transfer support vector machine (TSVM) technique is introduced to tackle this problem with application to the fault diagnosis of delta 3D printers. Transfer component analysis is first proposed to capture shared features for representing the source and target domains, by cross-domain feature extraction from less labeled data in the source domain and massive unlabeled data in the target domain. Support vector machine is then applied to the fault diagnosis using the transferred features of attitude signals. In the experiments, fault classification rate achieves 83.79% using only 6.7% of the dataset for model training. Compared with peer methods, the results show that the present TSVM exhibits the best performance in extracting the cross-domain feature and improves the accuracy of the 3D printer fault diagnosis.


This paper discusses how early marketing scholars and practitioners drew upon the insights offered by physiognomy and phrenology. These ancient ways of understanding 'character' and personality types were used as tools to encourage practitioners to be more analytic and systematic in their dealings with customers. And these variants of psychological thought, it is argued, provided interesting but racially charged ways of thinking about and reflecting on consumer behaviour. While this literature is not unproblematic, given the racism that can be discerned in the output of certain scholars, those working in the intellectual domain that was known as 'character analysis' were quick to enunciate their racial pluralism. Racism, it is suggested, remains an issue that marketing scholars and practitioners still need to confront and critique.


PHOSFOS (Photonic Skins For Optical Sensing) is a research project funded by the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme. The project aims at developing a flexible and stretchable foil that integrates highly advanced optical fibre sensing elements as well as optical and electrical powering functionalities and read-out of the sensors. This skin-like foil can be wrapped around or attached to irregularly shaped objects or bodies and will allow quasi-distributed sensing of mechanical quantities such as deformation and pressure. The applications targeted can be found in the fields of structural health monitoring and healthcare.


Solutions to the so-called ``reverse'' Cauchy-Bunyakovsky-Schwarz (CBS) inequality form a circular cone in a real inner product space. Projecting nappe onto a hyperplane can yield: the whole hyperplane, a point, a nappe or a half-hyperplane that lacks the whole boundary but a point. A formula for aperture of the projected one-sided cone is given. In other words, information about the angle between vectors is used to assess the angle between their projections.


Measurement of the parameters of the upper layer of the ocean is one of the tasks of oceanology, on the solution of which the progress of a number of areas of ocean research depends on. So, the data of field measurements are used for verifying and calibrating the processing algorithms of remote meters, oceanographic models, in various research problems and in synoptic/climatic monitoring of the ocean. A continuous increasing in the volume of remote sensing data, an increasing in the complexity of their processing algorithms, and improvement of ocean modeling methods form new requirements for the quality and quantity of experimental measurements. In this paper a small-sized drifter is considered. It is equipped with the necessary measuring channels and software, as an element of the system for measuring the spatiotemporal characteristics of the surface layer of the ocean, namely, the stream vector and the angular spectrum of sea waves. Its structural scheme, the general view, the description of the mechanical part, as well as the scheme for performing the experimental work, all of them are presented in the paper.


PeerCQ is a totally decentralized system that performs information monitoring tasks over a network of peers with heterogeneous capabilities. It uses Continual Queries (CQs) as its primitives to express information-monitoring requests. A primary objective of the PeerCQ system is to build a decentralized Internet scale distributed information-monitoring system, which is highly scalable, self-configurable and supports efficient and robust way of processing CQs. This paper describes the basic architecture of the PeerCQ system and focuses on the mechanisms used for service partitioning at the P2P protocol layer. A set of initial experiments is reported, demonstrating the sensitiveness of the PeerCQ approach to large scale P2P information monitoring and the effectiveness of the PeerCQ service-partitioning algorithms with respect to load balancing and system utilization.


The utility model relates to a pipe leakage monitoring and safety early warning test system for the pipe, in particular to the leakage detection and related early warning technical test of oil or gas pipe, which belongs to the technical field of mechanical vibration or sonic shock measurement and pipeline system. The utility model is provided with a closed annular ducting [53] composed of an underground pre-storing tank field [2] treated by anti-corrosive measure and cathodic protection, a pump [9], and an annular optical fiber [54] buried in the same trench. The annular ducting [53] is provided with two eduction branch pipes and a plurality of bleed valve wells, a plurality of valves, flowmeters, pressure gauges are arranged on the annular ducting, an air compressor [26] and a filter [6] are arranged on one of the eduction branch pipes, another eduction branch pipe vents to the atmosphere, a plurality of valves, pressure gauges and a gas flowmeter are arranged on the two eduction branch pipes; the pressure signal is sent to a central control room by the pressure sensor and the remote transmission cable of the field instrument of the annular ducting.


THE preceding article is a cogent discussion by Prisant et al. 1 of coronary heart disease, a frequently coexisting cardiovascular problem in the patient with hypertension. This association assumes great clinical,significance when the coronary artery disease becomes symptomatic and the presence and extent of these two clinical conditions must be established. Of particular importance in this discussion is the acceptance of the fact that coronary artery disease (i.e., atherosclerosis) frequently coexists with hypertension, and therefore a clinical need exists for the establishment of a clear-cut diagnosis and definition of the degree and extent of vascular disease. Of major importance to the clinical investigator concerned with further understanding the coexistence of these two independent, yet interdependent, diseases is the need to provide the means for earlier recognition of the coexistence of coronary atherosclerosis with hypertensive heart disease — even before the presence of significant atheromatous occlusive disease of the coronary arteries is discerned by the usual invasive diagnostic techniques.This objective is extremely important and implies the search for answers to the following questions:


Release of PAHs during the resuspension of sediment samples at Wuhan section of Yangtze River was determined using a particle entrainment simulator(PES).Quantitative relationships between applied shear and TSS concentrations,TOC in TSS,PAHs concentrations in TSS were set up by regression analysis,respectively.Combined these quantitative relationships with PAHs partition coefficients,mathematic models were developed to predict PAHs concentrations in overlying water during sediment resuspension.It was found that PAHs concentrations measured during simulated resuspension events were good in line with predictions by models.This indicated that mathematic models could provide good predictions of PAHs concentrations in overlying water during sediment resuspension under 0.2~0.5 N/m2.


This review focus on the prescribing pattern of drugs and role of diet impact on the management of physiological changes occurs during the pregnancy, and some drugs are fetotoxic (e.g. Methotrexate, Thalidomide, Aspirin, Warfarin etc.) these are not prescribed during pregnancy, if there is individuals suffered with any physiological changes during pregnancy ,drug of selection must be based on pregnancy categories, During pregnancy causes changes in the normal reference ranges for several hormones, electrolytes and other analytes, drug selection should be appropriate and should not harm to the mother and foetus, manage the gestational Hypertension, Diabetes, Hypothyroidism by following proper guidelines, In pregnancy nutritional requirements are increased because of baby growth, iron, calcium, folic acid ,vitamins rich food helpful to healthy pregnancy


The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the possibility of improving the quality of logistics in a rapidly changing situation based on mathematical modeling. The evolution of information technology worldwide goes from separate accounting of individual operations to their integration based on cloud and integrated technologies. Adaptive optimization is required, taking into account the dynamics of the external environment. The paper proposes a flexible mathematical model of management transformation in logistics. For this, a single digital logistics platform is formed as a connecting link for all participants in the value-added chain, including product manufacturers, suppliers of resources and services, product consumers, and logistics companies. At the same time, intermediaries who do not create added value could be excluded from the supply chain.


We have performed ab initio electronic structure calculations of Mg1−xBxH2 compounds with different boron concentrations, ranging from x =0.0625 to 0.5. Full structural relaxation was performed in order to properly describe influence of dopant on host matrix. Results showed that there is a strong influence of boron concentration on structural and thermodynamic stability of compound. B-H bond length is substantially shorter then in Mg-H coordination polyhedron. Boron significantly contributes to density of states at Fermi level within energy gap. The width of boron electronic states heavily depends on boron concentration, causing reduction of energy gap of host MgH2, and leading to metallic nature of compound with highest boron concentration. The predicted thermodynamic instability of compounds with higher boron concentration is in agreement with experimental findings that under similar stoichiometry, boron with magnesium forms only complex hydride, Mg(BH4)2. It is also shown that existence of stable hydrides with MgH2 rutile structure and small concentration of boron is possible in principle and that boron can be used to further destabilize MgH2 in order to enhance its hydrogen sorption-desorption kinetics.


On the basis of brief introduction of IEEE 1451.2 standard—the transducer interface standards for sensors and blue-tooth technology, the application of wireless networked sensors structure model based on IEEE 1451.2 standard and blue-tooth technology in the system of wireless power recorder were discussed in detail. Hardware and software design of the communication interface for the customer port of power recorder system were given out at last.


The deterministic analysis of pipeline is extended to the probabilistic model of dynamic response, and the method of the first-displacement first-excursion dynamic reliability and sensitivity based on the displacement-first-excess failure criterion is proposed. In this paper, the reliability and sensitivity of anti-icing air-intake pipeline system for an aircraft are analyzed. The results show that the reliability of nodes 1, 56, 125, 128, 218 is lower, which should be paid attention to engineering design. In addition, modulus E, pipe outer diameter D1, pipe wall thickness T1, gas pressure PRE, have the most significant influence on the overall reliability, these parameters can be used as the main way to improve the reliability of pipeline system.


In a paper prepared for the 'Czechoslovakia 88' symposium, a banned Czech philosopher looks at his country's prospects before the year 2000


Properties of the Z2-symmetric Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDM) are discussed and confronted with new LHC data for a 125 GeV Higgs particle. The particle discovered at LHC in 2012 has properties expected for it in the Standard Model (SM), with a possible enhancement in the γγ channel. SM-like Higgs scenarios can be realized in the Two Higgs Doublet Models with Z2 (D) symmetry within the normal Mixed Model (with scalar sector as in MSSM) and the Inert Doublet Model (IDM), where a good Dark Matter (DM) candidate is present. Here we discuss both of the models.


PurposeAccelerating the influences of external stakeholders in any construction project is inevitable. Studies on external stakeholder influence on construction projects and literature on external stakeholder management in irrigation infrastructure projects executed with donor funds are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate how to manage the external stakeholders' influence on donor-funded irrigation infrastructure projects effectively.Design/methodology/approachA mixed approach consisting of 17 semi-structured interviews and two rounds of questionnaire surveys was adopted to rank the following: the types of external stakeholders who can significantly influence irrigation infrastructure projects, significant influencing strategies used by those stakeholders, and significant strategies that can be adopted to manage external stakeholder influence on the projects.FindingsIn total, 12 of external stakeholders who can significantly influence irrigation infrastructure projects were identified; 17 significant influencing strategies used by external project stakeholders and 22 significant strategies used to manage external stakeholder influence on the projects were identified. The influencing/management strategies specific to each external stakeholder type and those that are common to all external stakeholder types were identified separately. The grievance redress mechanism should be activated for managing external stakeholder influence on donor-funded irrigation infrastructure projects.Originality/valueThis study contributes to theory by identifying significant strategies that can be used to manage external stakeholder influence on donor-funded irrigation infrastructure projects during the planning and design stages. The study will help project teams to handle external stakeholder influence on the projects successfully, accomplish project objectives, and make maximum utilization of the donor funds received.


In this work, inspired by music playing harmonicas, we conduct a conceptual investigation of a coupled aero-electromechanical system for wind energy harvesting. The system consists of a piezoelectric cantilever unimorph structure embedded within an air chamber to mimic the vibration of the reeds in a harmonica when subjected to air flow. In principle, when wind blows into the air chamber, the air pressure in the chamber increases and bends the cantilever beam opening an air path between the chamber and the environment. When the volumetric flow rate of air past the cantilever is large enough, the energy pumped into the structure via the nonlinear pressure forces offset the intrinsic damping in the system setting the beam into self-sustained limit-cycle oscillations. These oscillations induce a periodic strain in the piezoelectric layer which produces a voltage difference that can be channeled into an electric load. Unlike traditional vibratory energy harvesters where the excitation frequency needs to match the resonant frequency of the device for efficient energy extraction, the nonlinearly coupled aero-elasto dynamics of this device guarantees autonomous vibration of the cantilever beam near its natural frequency as long as the volumetric flow rate is larger than a certain threshold. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the ability of this device to harvest wind energy under normal wind conditions.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


[formula: see text] A new and efficient asymmetric synthesis of naturally occurring (5R)-thiolactomycin (1) using D-alanine as the source of chirality is described.


Margulis' Superrigidity theorem tells us that for a higher rank semisimple Lie groupG, any representation of a lattice Γ extends to a continuous representation ofG (under reasonably mild conditions). In this talk, we'll go through a proof of this fact, and along the way see how this proof combines ideas from Lie theory, dynamics, and random walks on groups. In particular, we'll see how a Γ-stationary measure on G/P is constructed, and combine that with measure proximality to prove Margulis superrigidity. The Margulis Superrigidity theorem essentially tells us that representations of irreducible lattices in semisimple Lie groups extend to continuous representations of the entire Lie group. Of course, the version as stated isn't quite correct: one overkill way to see it is to consider a surface group, which is a lattice in PSL(2,R), a rank 1 Lie group. Each outer automorphism of the lattice induces a representation of the lattice into PSL(2,R). Not all of these representations can have continuous extensions, since the outer automorphism group of a surface group is infinite, whereas semisimple Lie groups have finite outer automorphism groups. A version of Margulis Superrigidity that is true is the following. Theorem 1 (Margulis Superrigidity). Suppose we have the following. • G is a semisimple Lie group (inside some SL(n,R)) of real rank at least 2. • Γ is an irreducible lattice inG. • H is a connected, non-compact, simple subgroup of some SL(m,R) with trivial center. • φ : Γ→ H is an irreducible representation. • φ(Γ) is Zariski dense inH . Then φ extends to a continuous homomorphism φ̂ : G→ H . This is not the most general version of the theorem, but the proof of this version has all the key ingredients, and provides some insight into what's going on in the proof. The proof we'll be looking at is taken from [Mor01], and a couple of lemmas about stationary measures are from [Mar91]. The proof consists of two reductions. The first reduction involves reducing the problem of finding a continuous representation of G to finding a G-invariant finite dimensional space of continuous sections of a certain vector bundle. The next reduction involves reducing the problem to finding just a single A-invariant measurable section (where A is the maximal abelian subgroup). G-invariant sections of a flat vector bundle Let V be the vector space Γ acts on. Combining that action with right multiplication on G, we get a right action of Γ on G× V , given by the following expression. (x, v) · γ := (xγ, φ(γ−1)v)


In this article, we report the morphology modulation of gold nanoparticle (NP) arrays by polymer-assisted thermal treatment. Simultaneously, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) UV–vis extinction (absorption plus scattering) of gold NP arrays was monitored and analyzed. First, through horizontal lifting, gold NP monolayers were transferred from a water/hexane interface to glass slides. After thin polymer films were spin-coated on the gold NP monolayers, thermal treatment was carried out, which results in apparent color changes in the obtained samples. The color changes could be attributed to the shift of the surface plasmon band (SPB), along with increasing gold NP size and interparticle distance. We found that different polymers show different effects on the modulation of gold NPs' morphology, accompanied by different shifts of the SPB. Polymers with relatively lower glass transition temperatures (Tg), such as poly(methyl methacrylate), promoted gold NPs to merge into spheres, while polymers with r...


The invention relates to a strut-type free-air-inflating non-burst car tyre. According to the technical scheme, the tyre comprises a tyre surface, ribbed struts and a tyre bottom. The three parts of the tyre surface, the ribbed struts and the tyre bottom are integrated. The ribbed struts are arranged between the tyre surface and the tyre bottom. The tyre bottom is matched with a hub. The ribbed struts are independent of one another. Because of the elasticity of rubber, the rubber can absorb impact force, so that the damping effect is very good; it is worth mentioning that worry of tyre burst and trouble of air inflating can be avoided; and the strut-type free-air-inflating non-burst car tyre has the beneficial effects of being non-burst, good in damping effect and simple in structure.


Objective:To study minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma for the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and its effect.Methods:Of 178 patients with clinical diagnosis of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,68 cases were performed craniotomy by skull window forming and hematoma evacuating,110 cases by CT-oriented hematoma evacuation.The effects and indications were analyzed.Results:After minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma,150 cases were survival,the survival rate was 84.3%,28 case of death accounting for 15.7%.Conclusion:Minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma is a simple,easy,safe,reliable and practical method for treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.


Aftershocks occur following an earthquake of large magnitude (referred to as the mainshock) and cause further damage to buildings that may have sustained damage in the mainshock. In this paper, an object-oriented framework is proposed to estimate seismic losses of light-frame wood buildings subjected to mainshock and aftershock sequences. Mainshocks are simulated as a homogeneous Poisson process, whereas aftershocks are simulated as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Back-to-back mainshock-aftershock nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed to determine the maximum interstory drift attributable to each earthquake occurrence (either mainshock or aftershock). Seismic risk is quantified in terms of economic losses in this paper. The damage loss (transition cost) and downtime cost are included in the loss estimation, considering a time-discount factor. Last, the proposed framework is demonstrated by an example that examines the seismic loss of typical light-frame wood residential buildings in the United States....


plication to of esophageal perforations e ffi cacy ff modalities esophageal Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with esophageal perforations from an endoscopic database since 2007. Patients with esophageal fi stula, stricture, or stenosis were excluded. Patients were categorized into four treatment groups: primary closure (endoscopic suturing), primary bypass (stenting), combination (suturing defect and stenting), and conservative therapy (NPO, trans-nasal feeding tubes). Baseline demographics, patient characteristics, and treatment modality outcomes were collected. Predictors of success were identi fi ed using logistic regression. Results: 95 patients (mean age 64 6 15, 67% male) with esophageal perforations were included. The most common etiology was iatrogenic after dilatations or endoscopic myotomy (40%). 64% of perforations were in the distal esophagus. Regardless of strategy employed, 49% of patients had successful endoscopic repair of perforation. Only 7 patients required subsequent The combination approach the greatest clinical (66%), de need for surgical when compared to the other modalities (primary and p after cTIFprocedure. RSI score was alsofound to be signi fi cantly reduced post cTIF procedure. Combined TIF is an e ff ective procedure for patients with GERD and hiatal hernia . 2cm. Datawereextractedfrom theNationalInpatient Sample(NIS)databasein theperiod between2016to2019.UsingtheInternationalClassi fi cationofDiseases, 10threvision,and ClinicalModi fi cation (ICD-10-CM) codes to obtain baseline demographic and clinical data, in-hospital mortality, hospital charges, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Statistical analysis was completed using t-test and Chi-squared analyses. Multivariate analysis for the mortality odds ratio (OR) was calculated after adjusting for potential confounders. A of with ascending cholangitis


A cosmetic composition for makeup comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, a pulverulent dyestuff characterized in that said pulverulent dyestuff conciste of particles of a dispersible hydrophilic organic black pigment in water.


Consumers of media (e.g. television, the Internet, smartphones) have been found to experience both media overuse and the development of negative media habits due to different personality traits, li ...


Selectively 13C-enriched free and protein-bound flavins in the oxidized and two-electron reduced state were investigated by the 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance technique. FMN in aqueous solution and N-(3)-menthyl-2′,3′4,'5′-tetraacetylriboflavin in an apolar solvent were used as reference compounds for the protein-bound FMN

A comparison of th chemical shifts of FMN in aqueous solution with those of N(3)-methyltetraacetyl- riboglavin in CHCL3 reveals that FMN is strongly polarized yielding a pseudo-ionic molecule stabilized by hydrogen bonding of H2O with C-2α of the isoalloxazine molecule. The interpretation is fully supported by the one-bond)1J) 13C coupling constants. The chemical shifts combined with the coupling constants indicate the change of charge distribution within the molecule when going from apolar to polar solutions

Binding of FMN to Megasphaera elsdenii and to Azotobacter vinelandii apoflavodoxins affects the resonances due to C-2 and C-10 a as compared to free FMN.These shifts together with the coupling constants indicate the formation of a hydrogen bound between C-2α of FMN and an amino acid residue of the apoprotein. In M. Elsdenii flavodoxin such a hydrogen bond also exists with C-4α which is not observed in A vinelandii flavodoxin.

The chemical shifts to the two-electron reduced derivatives of FMN and N(3)menthyl-2′,3′,4′,5′,-tetraacetyl- riboflavin clearly indicate that the FMN derivative possesses a more planar conformation than its analog; it shows pH-independent, From the pH-dependence of the chemical shifts of the atoms C-10a, C-2 and C-4a. The chemical shift of C-4 is pH-independent. From the pH- dependence of the chemical shifts an ionization constant of 6.7 is calculated.

The chemical shifts of protein-bound FMN in the reduced state are very similar to those of the anionic, reduced FMN. The data show that in both flavodoxins studied the prosthetic group when reduced is bound in the anionic form an possesses approximately a coplanar confornation.

The results are discussed with respect to the possible biological implications. It is suggested that specific interaction of the prosthetic group with the apoprotein, the ionization state and the degree of planarity of the reduced prosthetic group are factors determining the biological functions of flavodoxins and possibly the functions of flavoproteins in general.


The light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) belongs to the class of field-effect-based sensor devices. Derived from early investigations on ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs) [1], researchers first developed the electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) capacitance to investigate the complex electrochemical- and surface mechanisms of the ISFET-gate region [2-4]. This was a consequential step, and followed the same way as the traditional development of MOSFETs (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) and MOS (metal-oxide semiconductor) capacitances [5-8]. Due to the relatively simple manufacturing process and simple encapsulation, at the same time (bio-) chemical sensor development started to use EIS structures as an individual sensor platform [9-12].


Optical absorption spectra in the incommensurate sinusoidal spin-density-wave in chromium are calculated with a one-dimensional two-band model where the difference of the Fermi momenta of the two bands is taken into account. Three absorption peaks are found to appear, originating from the formation of energy gaps. For these peaks, the energy positions, line shapes, relative intensities, and the changes of these quantities by alloying with Mn are investigated both analytically and numerically. It is shown that the results are in good agreement with experimental observations. Main features of the results are shown to remain unchanged, when a more realistic model of octahedral energy surfaces is used.


An experimental. study is carried out to investigate the near-wake characteristics of an airfoil oscillating in pitch. An NACA 4412 airfoil is sinusoidally pitched about the quarter chord point between the angle of attack -6 and +6. A hot-wire anemometer is used to measure the phase-averaged mean velocities in the near-wake region of an oscillating airfoil. The freestream velocities of present work are 3.4, 12.4, 26.2 m/s, and the corresponding Reynolds numbers are 5.3, 1.9, 4.l, and the reduced frequency is 0.1. Streamwise velocity profiles are presented to show the Reynolds number effects on the near-wake region behind an airfoil oscillating in pitch. All the cases in these measurements show that the velocity defects by the change of the Reynolds number are very large at the lowest Reynolds number


(57) Abstract: The present invention, one or more local anesthetics of the oil type, one or more surfactants, to novel pharmaceutical compositions with water and optionally consisting of taste masking agents . This novel composition can be advantageously used as a local anesthetic for pain relief within the oral cavity.