The new European Society of Cardiology guideline for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction recommends that left and right bundle branch block should be considered equal for recommending urgent angiography in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. This consideration is not taken into account in the management of patients with coronary syndrome without ST elevation (NSTEMI). We evaluate the evolution of patients with acute coronary syndrome and long-term bundle branch block.

 We included 8771 patients admitted to two tertiary hospitals between 2003 and 2017 with an acute coronary syndrome, 5673 NSTEMI (64.3%) and 3098 STEMI (35.7%). All patients had an ECG recorded immediately upon admission. Patients were classified as having right bundle branch block (RBBB), left bundle branch block (LBBB). Long-term follow-up was performed (median 55 months) to assess mortality.

 A total of 8771 patients were included with a mean age of 66.1 years, 72.5% males, 4.1% (362) with LBBB and 5% (440) with RBBB. Patients with BBB were older, with more previous history of myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization and higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Medical treatment was similar but they were less often submitted to angioplasty. During the acute phase, patients with RBBB and LBBB presented a higher rate of heart failure than those without branch block (4.8% vs 9.1% vs 3.5%, p=0.0001); higher mortality (8.4% vs 10.5% vs 3.0%, p=0.0001); higher stroke rate (2.5% vs 1.4% vs 0.8%, p=0.001); higher rate of renal failure (8.2% vs 9.7% vs 3.9%, p=0.0001) and higher rate of reinfarction (3.0% vs 4.1% vs 1.7%, p=0.001). Patients who had a RBBB or an LBBB had a worse prognosis throughout the follow-up. Heart failure was present in 17.7% of the group with RBBB, 29.6% of LBBB and 11% in the group without branch block (p=0.0001). Mortality during follow-up was 31% in RBBB, 40.6% in LBBB and 18.7% without branch block (p=0.0001). In multivariate analysis of Cox, both RBBB (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.98, p=0.0001) and LBBB (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.22–1.53, p=0.001) were an independent predictors of all-cause mortality (adjustment for GRACE score, gender, treatment with betablockers, angiotensin conversor enzym inhibitors, statin and coronary revascularization).
 Cox regression model multivariate

 The presence of RBBB or LBBB in the ECG of patients with an ACS is associated with a worse prognosis both during the hospital phase and in the long term. In addition, both bundle branch blocks are independent predictors of long-term mortality in patients with ACS.


Since Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) in optical networks is NP-complete problem. Many researches have proposed from simple to complex heuristic algorithms for solving this RWA problem. The shortest path of Dijkstra and sometimes the shortest pair of disjoint paths of Suurballe are used for solving this problem. Such simple heuristic algorithms are usually prejudged as inefficient leading to the conception of complex algorithms. In this paper we analyse quantitatively to see how the simple algorithms of Dijikstra and of Suurballe are good in solving RWA problem in survivable optical networks. The comparisons are made against the optimal solution, when it is available, and against a lower bound, otherwise. The results show that simple algorithms once give solutions, they give very good solutions.


Objective: The study aimed to investigate both personal and environmental factors related to amphetamine addiction and quitting of drug-using people in Leu-Amnat sub-district, Amnatchareon Province, Thailand. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by one hundred and nineteen persons, in addition to them attending basic knowledge activities and a matrix program. Pre-tests, immediate post-tests, and 6 month post-tests were performed before and after the activities and program. Questionnaire responses and comparisons of scores of the tests were statistically analyzed. Results: Overall, the results showed that coming from a small family was a statistically significant personal factor related to drug addiction and quitting. Numbers of houses, and family and income problems were environmental factors significantly related to drug addiction and quitting. Basic knowledge regarding drug addiction increased statistically at different periods of time. The study found that the best solutions for drug addiction were the establishment of communities and the provision of knowledge regarding the dangers of drug addiction for children. Strategies involving drug addiction prevention programs, medical treatment, mental therapy, and education focusing on family and school levels were considered necessary. Conclusion: Some personal and environmental factors may be related to a person's increased likelihood of exposure to drugs. These results may imply that the Thai government should reconsider those factors involved in drug addiction and quitting.


The Danilovskaya problem of classical (coupled) thermoelasticity is re-examined and simplified exact expressions, which are easily implemented numerically, for the stress, temperature, and strain fields are derived using the Laplace transform. In addition, small- and large-time results are presented, propagating jump discontinuities are noted, and the complete solution for the uncoupled (i.e., approximate) theory is given. Last, computational methods are used to compare/contrast selected coupled (i.e., exact) and uncoupled expressions.


Monocular SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) is popular in SLAM researches of the past few years. Filtering approaches and bundle adjustment style optimization are main popular strategies, with a lot of applications. This paper proposes a novel adaptive estimation based SLAM algorithm with application to a lake surface robot. Orientation and linear velocities of the robot, and accurate SURF feature tracking work as prerequisites of the algorithm. The algorithm is theoretically proved and experimentally validated in the paper. Key frames are selected in the SLAM process and stored with metric information of features points, to generate the environment map. Robot localization and sparse point based map could be estimated online at 50Hz with assistance of GPU. Moreover, dense point based map could be recovered offline for visualization. Finally, the corresponding experiments are carried out to validate performance of the new monocular visual SLAM algorithm.


\Ve present an unusual case of an aneurysm of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva that dissected into the interventricular septum but did not perforate into a cardiac chamber. The diagnosis was made by means of two-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed by angiography and surgery. A review of the literature shows that dissection of the interventricular septum caused by an aortic sinus aneurysm has seldom been identified ante-mortem.t -.ll


Traditionally, the Engineering Management body of knowledge contains topics such as project management, financial resource planning, and the management of technology, etc. But are these traditional tools enough to prepare an Engineering Management student for the ever more technologically complex and data driven corporate world of the 2020's? More recently systems engineering concepts have been added to the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge. Is this now enough? Stevens Institute of Technology thinks not. Over the past few semesters, Stevens incorporated more concepts on informatics and other data analytics, modeling and visualization topics beyond Operations Research into its' curriculum. Recent alumni, and cooperative education students alike, have been impressed with the quality and quantity of employment prospects. Should other Engineering Management programs consider the addition of such topics to the foundation of their curriculums? This article will discuss the pros and the pushbacks to making what others call an 'area of emphasis', core to a traditional Engineering Management curriculum.


MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERISTIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMAL HARDENED OF HIGH CHROMIUM WHITE CAST IRON FOR GRINDING BALL APPLICATION. ASTM A532 Type II-A is a high chromium white cast iron with carbon content 2.3% and chromium more than 13.3%. This material is widely used as a grinding ball. In this study, heat treatment process which is thermal hardened, was conducted to increase the hardness of this material. Quenching process used two kind of quench media, such as oil and forced air (which was blown directly from fan), while the tempering process was conducted with various temperatures, 250 °C, 300 °C, and 350 °C. After thermal hardening process, material was characterized by hardness testing, metallography by OM (optical microscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The optimum hardness value is 723 BHN resulted from thermal hardening process at 300 °C. Higher hardness value was obtained due to form of tempered martensite and numerous of chrom carbide disperse in this material.


We report a case of a 13-year-old boy presented with left facial nerve paralysis (Figure 1). Ten months ago, he complained of progressive increase in hearing loss in the left ear with intermittent discharge. He also had lifelong recurrent symptoms of chronic otomastoiditis in the left ear. A series of investigations were carried out immediately upon his presentation to the Ear, nose and Throat (ENT) clinic. This included computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck which showed left middle ear and mastoid cavity occupied by soft tissue mass eroding the internal acoustic meatus (IAM content). Soft tissue opacification was seen in the middle ear to the extent that the ossicles were not visualized. The mass caused destruction and erosion of the left mastoid bone with infection of the vestibule and cochlea, creating a boundary separating the internal auditory canal from the opacified middle ear cavity. Bone destruction was observed in the anterior and posterior part of the mastoid bone with connection of the ear cavity. Unfortunately, the lesion extended to the IAM and left facial canal causing left facial nerve paralysis (shown in Figure 2). The differential diagnosis was left ear cholesteatoma versus left ear neoplasm. Importantly, histological and microbiological studies showed amorphous brownish grain-like material with eosinophilic edges and septal hyphae at its core. This led to the diagnosis of eumycetoma of the left ear. Pure-tone audiometry showed severe hearing loss in the left ear and normal right ear function. Radical surgery with exploration of the mastoid cavity and middle ear under magnifying microscopic was carried out. Under the operating room microscope, black debris was found and totally removed (Figure 3). The IAM defect was sealed by cartilage grafting and fascia, and they were placed closed to the IAM defect and fixed by glue and gel foam; no more leakage was observed 6 months after the operation. The parent gave consent for publication of the case report. Mycetoma is a rare disease of the poor populations and known to be associated with high mortality and morbidity in endemic area especially in childhood. Mycetoma is a chronic infection and can be due to fungi (Eumycetoma) or bacteria (Actinomycetoma). Sudan is part of the mycetoma belt, which includes other countries such as Somalia, Senegal, Mexico, and India. The infection occurs following the introduction of causative organisms through the skin due to a minor trauma or injury from sharp thorn (soil is common inhabitant of the organism). Once the organism is introduced into to the skin, it leads to formation of granulomatous inflammation that causes painless swelling of the foot and leads to the invasion of the muscles and bones. The inflammation is associated with


MARKED BY THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY of atomic energy, the nuclear age, which spans the twentieth century, has changed the nature of culture as well as the landscape.l Vast, secret landscapes play host to nuclear arms and commercial energy producers. 2 Nuclear sites concern not only scientists and politicians, but also environmental designers/artists. The need to evoke a cultural discourse, protect future generations, reveal or conceal radioactive burial sites and recycle retired installations engenders our participation. How do we intersect with these hellish places? Do we have a potent role in addressing this conundrum? In what follows, I confront the consumption and design of today's most daunting places the landscapes of nuclear material production, processing, testing and burial.


The ca. 182 Ma Jurassic dolerite sills of Tasmania, SE Australia, overlap in age with dolerite sills and basaltic lavas in the Ferrar province, Antarctica, and the Karoo, South Africa. Hence, the Tasmanian dolerites have long been considered to be part of a major Large Igneous Province that extended parallel to the Jurassic margin of Gondwana from what is now southern Africa, the Transantarctic Mountains, to Tasmania and South Australia. Two hypotheses have been proposed for the Ferrar and Tasmanian dolerites. 1) They are related to a mantle plume emplaced in the present-day Wedell Sea region, implying long-range, shallow-crustal transport of magmas in sills and dykes over distances of up to 4,000 km. 2) They are sourced from the mantle below Tasmania and Antarctica, implying only short-range lateral transport at the level of emplacement. We report results from a combined structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) study of the Tasmanian dolerites conducted to evaluate these hypotheses by differentiating between flow patterns and structural architectures in sills that are indicative of local versus distal sources.

Detailed structural mapping and 3D modelling indicate that no more than a few individual large sub-horizontal dolerite sheets were emplaced parallel to bedding in Permian sedimentary host rocks. They are offset by map and outcrop scale steps that we interpret to be NW-SE-trending, steeply dipping broken bridges.

The AMS of dolerite was measured in oriented samples collected from 126 sites across Tasmania. Their mean bulk magnetic susceptibility is ~0.01 SI units, which together with high-temperature susceptibility measurements indicate that the AMS is carried by magnetite, which occurs as skeletal grains with morphologies controlled by the petrofabric of plagioclase and pyroxene. These observations, and scant microstructural evidence for solid-state deformation, indicate that the AMS records a magmatic fabric that formed during emplacement and crystallization of the dolerite sheets. Magnetic lineations are dominantly subhorizontal, trending mostly NW-SE. Steeply-moderately inclined magnetic lineations are rare and mostly plunge SE. Subsets of shallow N-S and NE-SW lineations are associated with sites with subvertical E-W and NW-SE striking magnetic foliations. Magnetic foliations are dominantly subhorizontal, parallel to bedding in the surrounding sedimentary rocks, and the upper and lower contacts of subhorizontal dolerite sheets. Anomalous subvertical E-W and NW-SE striking magnetic foliations are associated with steps or broken bridges observed in the field and cross sections.

The AMS results are consistent with dominantly NW-SE magma flow within subhorizontal sheets, which is supported by the NW-SE orientation of steps and broken bridges. The architecture of segmented sheet fronts indicates that the polarity of sill propagation was from SE to NW. This finding is inconsistent with a magma source immediately below Tasmania and implies lateral transport from another location. However, the magma flow vector does not point back to the Ferrar dolerites in Antarctica, and therefore does not support the long-range Ferrar-Tasmania LIP hypothesis. Rather fabrics in the Tasmania dolerite are consistent with lateral flow from the present SE, perpendicular to the Gondwana margin with a source in the back-arc of the associated subduction zone


The study was carried out at the Agricultural Research and Experimental Center of the Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt, in 2007 and 2008 seasons, to determine the effect of two bacterial inoculation (uninoculation and inoculation with a mixture of Azot+Azos) and seven N fertilizer rates (zero, 60 kg M, 120 kg M, 60 kg O, 120 kg O, 30 kg M+30 kg O and 60 kg M+ 60 kg O/fed) on yield and yield components of two maize hybrids (S.C30k8 and S.C30k9). The most important results which were obtained from this study were as follows: The difference between two maize hybrids was significant on ear diameter, No. of rows ear -1 , weight of grains ear -1 , 100-grain weight, shelling %, grain yield plant -1 and feddan -1 in combined analysis. Maize hybrid S.C. 30k9 gave the highest means values of the above characters. Bacterial inoculation with a mixture of Azot+Azos affected significantly ear length, No. of rows ear -1 , No of grains row -1 , ear weight, weight of grains ear -1 and grain yield plant -1 in combined analysis. Ear length, ear diameter, No. of rows ear -1 , No of grains row -1 , ear weight, weight of grains ear -1 , 100-grain weight, shelling%, grain yield plant -1 and feddan -1 in combined analysis were significantly increased by increasing N fertilizer rates. Application of 120 kg M/fed or 60 kg M+60 kg O/fed gave the highest values of the above characters. Effect of the interaction between maize hybrids and bacterial inoculation was significant on ear diameter and No. of rows ear -1 and the interaction between maize hybrids and N fertilizer rates was significant on ear length, ear diameter, No. of rows ear -1 , No of grains row -1 , shelling% and grain yield feddan -1 , as well as the interaction between bacterial inoculation and N fertilizer rates was significant on ear diameter, No. of rows ear -1 and No of grains row -1 , while the interaction between maize hybrids, bacterial inoculation and N fertilizer rates was significant on ear diameter, No. of rows ear -1 and 100-grain weight in combined analysis.


Multifractals are mathematical generalizations of fractals, objects displaying "fractional dimension," "scale invariance," and "self-similarity.'" Many natural phenomena, including some of considerable interest to the casualty actuary (meteorological conditions, population distribution, financial time series), have been found to be well-represented by (random) multifractals. In part II of this paper, we show how to fit multifractal models in the context of one-dimensional time series. We also present original research on the multifractality of interest rate time series and the inadequacy of some state-of-the-art diffusion models in capturing that multifractality.


In this paper a modified Zeta converter is proposed with replacement of conventional PI controller with fuzzy control for robust and reduced output stabilization time. The Zeta converter is one of the best PFC converters with very less DC voltage output ripple. The input is fed with a single phase AC source with maintained power factor at unity during the conversion process. The performance and analysis of electronic ballast for electrode less fluorescent lamp is observed with dynamic characteristics of the elements in the converter. Lamp voltage and currents are controlled and observed with change in the switching frequency. THD FFT analysis is carried out on voltage current and also lamp voltage and current. The efficiency of the lamp is calculated with change in switching frequency. Complete design and analysis is carried out in MATLAB Simulink software with all graphical representation and plots of dynamic characteristics of the converter.


The purpose with this essay was to see how the mathematic books showed sexual roles in pictures and if they confirm or deny the traditional sexual roles that school shall counteract according to th ...


This paper addresses the output feedback tracking control of a class of multiple‐input and multiple‐output nonlinear systems subject to time‐varying input delay and additive bounded disturbances. Based on the backstepping design approach, an output feedback robust controller is proposed by integrating an extended state observer and a novel robust controller, which uses a desired trajectory‐based feedforward term to achieve an improved model compensation and a robust delay compensation feedback term based on the finite integral of the past control values to compensate for the time‐varying input delay. The extended state observer can simultaneously estimate the unmeasurable system states and the additive disturbances only with the output measurement and delayed control input. The proposed controller theoretically guarantees prescribed transient performance and steady‐state tracking accuracy in spite of the presence of time‐varying input delay and additive bounded disturbances based on Lyapunov stability analysis by using a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional. A specific study on a 2‐link robot manipulator is performed; based on the system model and the proposed design procedure, a suitable controller is developed, and comparative simulation results are obtained to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.


The common wisdom, among philosophers of language and metaphysicians of analytic tradition, is that though only actual things exist, 'being actual' and its cognates do not ascribe a special feature...


A method is proposed for near-field narrowband source localization based on measurements from a uniform linear array (ULA) of sensors. This incoming field can be measured as a function of delay between each outer sensor and the center reference sensor. The approach uses a Fresnel approximation for the time delay between the sensor data as a function of direction of arrival and range. A minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) filter is constructed to focus on any given near field location and the output is calculated when the recorded signal is passed through it. The intensity of this output for the various MVDR filters gives information on the source location and intensity.


The study was conducted in three campuses of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar viz. Bhubaneswar, Chiplima and Bhawanipatna in 2019 to measure the job satisfaction of teachers working in the University. Ninety respondents from these three campuses were selected for the study using a random sampling procedure. Data was collected from the respondents by implementing personal interview method. Job satisfaction of teachers was measured with the help of a scale with slight modifications. Majority of teachers possessed medium level of overall job satisfaction while working in the University. Majority of the variables were found to have a significant positive association to the dependent variable. In addition, variables such as level of aspiration, achievement motivation, perceived workload, mass media exposure, job stress, awards and recognition along with awards and recognition were found to show significantly positively contributing to as well as explaining about sixty three percent variation of the dependent variable.


Wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on WiFi technology have become a standard part of life for many, whether integrated within a home television or a radio-controlled drone helicopter. Th e latest commercially available version of WiFi, based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11ac standard, provides signifi cant connectivity improvements. In addition, it is driving upgrades in consumer and enterprise markets from earlier versions, such as IEEE 802.11n. As the use of WLANs has grown, so have feature requests, helping to drive the evolution of WiFi more rapidly than ever. Th e WiFi brand name popularized by the WiFi Alliance refers to products based on the IEEE 802.11 family of WLAN standards. Th e IEEE 802.11 standard was fi rst approved in 1997. Subsequent amendments added innovations such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM; from IEEE 802.11a) and multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems (from IEEE 802.11n) to keep up with market requirements.


In recent years, the application of deep learning techniques for plant disease classification has become increasingly important for smart agriculture. Early classification and treatment of plant diseases are crucial for maintaining the quality and quantity of crops, and deep learning algorithms have the potential to provide accurate and efficient solutions to this problem. In this study, we used two datasets collected from Mendeley for coffee leaf disease classification. The first dataset contained two classes of images, while the second dataset contained the remaining three types of images. The two datasets were combined to create a more robust dataset for training the two-transfer learning and CNN model. We update the pre-trained model MobileNet and RestNet50 by adding a flattened and dense layer to classify the five types of coffee diseases. The model was trained using 100 epochs, and the performance was evaluated using evaluation metrics such as accuracy and loss error for training and validation. The best accuracy was obtained from ResNet50, then MobileNet, and then CNN. The accuracy is 100% for Proposed ResNet50, 98% for CNN, and 99% for MobileNet. To understand the affected areas and help farmers comprehend the reason for the prediction, we used visualization techniques such as Grad-CAM and Grad-CAM++. These techniques generated heat maps of the regions of interest, highlighting the areas that contributed most to the classification decision. Our study highlights the potential of using deep learning techniques for accurate and efficient plant disease detection. By automating the disease classification process, farmers can identify and treat diseases early, leading to better crop yields and quality. The results of our study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and can be used to develop efficient and cost-effective solutions for plant disease detection.


The World Trade Organization (WTO) sprung to life in January 1995 as a powerful reincarnation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)—its predecessor in Geneva since 1947. The WTO regulates more than 85% of the world's annual trade of some US$3.6 trillion in "goods," most of which are listed in the 1,280 pages of the US tariff schedule. This fine‐print bible of "free trade" includes, among other things, 15 pages of candies, 24 pages of footwear and 33 pages of dairy produce. The "free trade" frenzy for peddling these goods is quickly taking over our entire globe.


The notificants listed below have applied under the Change in Bank Control Act (12 U.S.C. 1817(j)) and § 225.41 of the Board's Regulation Y (12 CFR 225.41) to acquire shares of a bank or bank holding company. The factors that are considered in acting on the notices are set forth in paragraph 7 of the Act (12 U.S.C. 1817(j)(7)). The notices are available for immediate inspection at the Federal Reserve Bank indicated. The notices also will be available for inspection at the offices of the Board of Governors. Interested persons may express their views in writing to the Reserve Bank indicated for that notice or to the offices of the Board of Governors. Comments must be received not later than May 12, 2011. A. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (Jacqueline G. King, Community Affairs Officer) 90 Hennepin Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55480–0291: 1. James Anton Senty, Onalaska, Wisconsin, to acquire control of Northern Financial Corporation, and thereby indirectly acquire control of Independence State Bank, both of Independence, Wisconsin.


Integrated energy systems (IES) can effectively improve energy efficiency and have received extensive attention in recent years. However, the source-load fluctuations and multi-time scale characteristics of energy flows pose challenges for optimal operation control of the system, especially affecting the stable operation of the main grid. In this paper, we propose a two-stage dual-loop optimal control strategy for IES, which includes: (1) day-ahead economic optimal scheduling (DEOS), and (2) intraday dual-loop rolling optimization control strategy (ROCS) based on model predictive control. In DEOS, the day-ahead optimal economic dispatch is obtained by minimizing the system operating cost. In ROCS, considering the different time scales of cooling, heating, and power responses, the equipment output power is adjusted based on the short-term source-load forecast to suppress main grid and energy storage fluctuations. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategy, a typical IES is analyzed and simulation results are given in case studies.


Waiting is a common feature of everyday encounters between individuals and organisations. Government officials and private sector workers make us wait for decisions, wait for services and sometimes, simply wait our turn. Yet, little attention has been devoted to theorising and developing the concept of 'waiting', and it is noticeably absent in the literature on social organisations and organisational behaviour. In this article, we seek to add texture and meaning to the experience of waiting and to explore the unique set of power relations and social processes the phenomenon may entail. More specifically, drawing on the work of Victor Turner, we describe waiting as a liminal experience, as a transitory and transformative space which lies between life stages, statuses and material contexts. We then develop the idea by scrutinising a particular form of encounter between individuals and organisations, that between the foreign migrant and the state bureaucracy in contemporary South Africa.


The first two decades of the twenty-first century have ushered upon Europe a seemingly unending string of existential crises. From financial meltdowns to mass migration, from a pandemic and the impending climate catastrophe to the war in Ukraine, the EU has been facing pressures at a pace and on a scale far beyond what it had experienced during its not-entirely-uneventful past. The typical observer of European integration will likely conclude that, despite missteps and failures, the EU has managed not to succumb under the weight of these challenges. A sense of pragmatism and possibility, born in part out of pure despair, has driven its more successful policies and legal innovations. A modicum of institutional imagination was on display during the financial crisis when new mechanisms were created outside the Treaty's formal architecture but not entirely beyond its constitutional purview. While the EU asylum system tragically collapsed during the 2015 refugee crisis, enough of a basic framework remained in place to handle, a few years later, the influx of Ukrainians fleeing their Golgotha. During the sad, protracted Brexit episode, the EU withstood London's fraught attempts to break the united front of its member states. Nor have the EU's institutions failed, despite some heart-stopping missteps, the task of setting up relief during the Covid public health emergency. The voice from Luxembourg, however tardy and dim, could be heard as the EU's eastern lands saw


Dexfenfluramine and fenfluramine were withdrawn from the market in 1997 due to reports of cardiac valvular side effects, but some subsequent studies


We investigated the influence of restraint stress on caerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats, especially in relation to endogenous glucocorticoids. Pancreatitis was induced by repeated injections of caerulein, and the serum amylase levels, pancreas weight and histological findings were evaluated 6 h later. Restraint stress was performed by immobilizing the animals in Bollman cages from 30 min before the first injection of caerulein, while mifepristone, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, was administered s.c. 1 h before. Repeated injections of caerulein produced marked increases in not only the serum amylase levels and pancreas weight but also the intralobular edema of pancreas when determined histologically. Restraint stress significantly reduced the increase in both serum amylase levels and intralobular edema, but not the pancreas weight. The improvement by restraint stress of pancreatitis was totally antagonized by pretreatment with mifepristone. We conclude that restraint stress exerts a beneficial influence on caerulein-induced pancreatitis, mediated by endogenous glucocorticoids.


World Social Work Day (WSWD) was introduced in 1983 at UN Headquarters in New York by the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), later joined by the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW). They jointly celebrate World Social Work Day on the third Tuesday in March, together with social work organizations throughout the world, including in Vienna, Nairobi, Santiago de Chile, and for the first time this year Bangkok. World Social Work Day at the UN in Geneva has been celebrated since 2012 on the initiative of the IASSW and the IFSW, which have consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC), in collaboration with the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland – Social Work, Geneva (HETS). World Social Work Day aims to highlight the achievements of social work, to make its contributions and social services more visible, and to defend social justice, social development and human rights.


Introduction Overview of a variety of approaches to dialogue and conversation Uniquely indicative encoding of processes of educational dialogue Controversies and consensus in dialogue research Uniquely systematic approach of potential relevance to dialogue Metaphors of dialogue and dialogue through metaphor Re-cognition of N-fold sets of "modes", "ways", "moves" and "ploys" Potential relevance of unrelated patterns of order to dialogue transformation Re-cognition of clustering of fundamental N-fold sets "Cognitive tiling" or "conceptual tiling"? Cognitive implications of operational modification of polyhedra -"global tiling" Dialogue coherence through formalization of local symmetry-preserving operations Operations transforming polyhedra as modelling transformations of dialogue coherence Rendering a 64-fold pattern dynamically comprehensible via 20-fold and 12-fold patterns Dialogue interpreted morphogenetically Dialogue as a navigational challenge in knowledge space Global dialogue via a 17-fold pattern of Sustainable Development Goals? Embodiment of dialogue operations in crafts and skills References


Claim that the alloy of the present invention is selected from (a) present in a large amount of molybdenum, (b) niobium present in the alloy amount, and (c) a nickel, chromium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium and mixtures thereof an alloy composed of a third metal, wherein the third metal is present in the dose. The invention films are sputtered using a sputtering target, this sputtering target prepared in this alloy, to a thin film device including this film.


The paper is concerned with the use of operations management as an instrument of successful reaching the required strategic management objectives of organizations in relation to the environment. The essence of operations management, manager's role and tasks are described in the paper as well as particular fields of operations management and applied methods. The paper points out that the organizations striving for fulfilment of their strategic plans should become well acquainted with the procedures and methods of operations management and use them to a considerable extent in practice.


Prior research suggests that failure to use condoms can be understood within the context of condom-related attitudes. We reviewed quantitative and qualitative literature on adult men's condom-use attitudes; condom-related attitudinal beliefs were classified as cognitive (e.g., effectiveness) or affective (e.g., pleasure-related), and their relationships to behavior were examined. To determine differences in the effects of cognitive and affective beliefs, we conducted a critical qualitative review, a meta-analysis, and a "vote-count." In support of the primacy of affect hypothesis (Zajonc, 1984), cognitive beliefs were weaker predictors of condom use than were affective beliefs. Results suggest that HIV-prevention interventions will have greater success by addressing negative affective reactions to condom use in addition to promoting the protective value of condoms.


: The Li-excess manganese oxides are a candidate cathode material for the next generation of Li-ion batteries because of their ability to reversibly intercalate more Li than traditional cathode materials. While reversible oxidation of lattice oxygen has been proposed as being at the origin of this excess, anomalous capacity, questions about the underlying electrochemical reaction mechanisms remain unresolved. Here we critically analyze the oxygen redox hypothesis and explore alternative explanations for the origin of the anomalous capacity of Li-excess manganese oxides, including the formation of peroxide ions or trapped oxygen molecules and the oxidation of Mn. First-principles calculations motivated by the Li-Mn-O phase diagram show that the electrochemical behavior of the Li-excess manganese oxides is thermodynamically consistent with the oxidation of Mn from the +4 oxidation state to the +7 oxidation state and the concomitant migration of Mn from octahedral sites to tetrahedral sites. It is shown that the Mn oxidation hypothesis is capable of explaining poorly understood electrochemical behavior of Li-excess materials, including the activation step, the voltage hysteresis, and voltage fade.


We apply quantum well intermixing (QWI) to the sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR) laser to demonstrate tuning by current injection in the QWI material and to improve device design. Specifically, by utilizing a centered quantum well active region the mode overlap with the quantum wells is increased by a factor of 1.5 over the offset quantum well case, where the quantum wells are positioned above the waveguide. In this way the modal gain is increased, improving the characteristics of the laser. In order to create a non-absorbing waveguide, QWI has been applied to the back and front mirror to blue shift the quantum well band edge.


Variational Bayesian learning is an approximation to the exact Bayesian learning where the true posterior is approximated with a simpler distribution. In this paper we present an on-line variant of variational Bayesian learning. The method is based on collecting likelihood information as the training samples are processed one at a time and decaying the old likelihood information. The decay or forgetting is very important since otherwise the system would get stuck to the first reasonable solution it finds. The method is tested with a simple linear independent component analysis (ICA) problem but it can easily be applied to other more difficult problems.


The authors present a variety of theoretical methods to treat the general problem of a quantum particle interacting with a time-dependent barrier. Assuming a sinusoidal form for the time dependence, they discuss the classical, semiclassical and quantum solutions for two specific problems: a barrier whose amplitude is modulated, and one whose mean position changes. While the classical solutions to these problems are quite different, the time-independent quantum solutions appear almost identical. It is only when the particle is modelled as a wavepacket that the quantum solutions behave like their classical counterparts.


SU(n) gauge theories at finite temperature T = ..beta../sup -1/ are analyzed in terms of the spontaneous breakdown of a Z(n) symmetry corresponding to the order parameter L(x) = (1/n)Tr P exp(ig..integral../sup ..beta..//sub 0/ A/sub 0/(x,t)dt). An ''effective potential'' for L is evaluated in the one-loop approximation for both the continuum and the lattice gauge theories. It is shown that the Z(n) symmetry is broken, so that the continuum theory does not confine for high temperatures. Similarly the lattice theory does not confine for sufficiently weak coupling if the number of time sites N/sub t/ is finite. It is argued that as N/sub t/..-->..infinity the Z(n) symmetry is restored and the theory will confine for all values of the coupling.


Simulation-based testing has been found to be an effective testing technique for complex systems. One of the prevalent modeling and simulation tools is MATLAB/Simulink, which allows, among other advantages, the integration of software with complex mathematical models and automatic code generation. However, we found a set of limitations with this tool in the vertical transport domain, where different elevator car instances need to be simultaneously simulated during the test and validation stages. To solve these limitations, this paper presents a co-simulation architecture that is capable of simulating several elevator car instances both in a single computer as well as in a distributed manner in multiple computers. We evaluated the approach with an industrial case study. The results of our evaluation suggest that the proposed tool is appropriate to simulate up to 14 elevator car instances simultaneously.


The impression of gate dielectric and spacer dielectric on the performance of rectangular core shell double gate junctionless transistor (RCS-DGJLT) using extensive simulations is studied. The RCS-DGJLT brings captivating response in terms of the performance of the device. The effect of gate dielectric and spacer dielectric is studied for the first time in RCS-DGJLT. The performance of the device gets improve on increasing the dielectric constant till core thickness (t core) = 3 nm for shell thickness (t shell) = 4 nm. However, beyond core thickness 3 nm, the performance degrades much for high k dielectric. Further, the performance is enhanced for t core > 3 nm and higher k dielectric on reducing the core doping. The device performance is also studied by incorporating the spacers. It has been shown that the device performance is best at t core = 4 nm with low k gate dielectric however, the device performance degrades when high k spacer dielectric is used on the same device which is an interesting and different outcome as compared to conventional DGJLT. The ON current and ON/OFF current ratio are improved by ∼3 orders of magnitude using highly doped source/drain region(HD-S/D) with high k spacers. The results show that the core is the integral part of the device, any engineering like spacers, gate dielectrics applied to RCS-DGJLT requires the optimization of the core carefully for better device performance.


This study (RE-368) assesses the engagement of the Inter-American Development Bank in road infrastructure development in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1990 to 2009. It looks only at Bank support delivered for the development of intercity roads and highways, including national and departmental highways, which accounted, on average, for 79% of the Bank's transportation lending and 69% of its loan approvals over that span. The report is organized into three sections: 1) The evaluation frame of reference; 2) An examination of the main strategies and tools used to address road sector challenges; 3) An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Bank's engagement in achieving the sector objectives pursued, including case studies from 7 countries that received the majority of the IDB support: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Peru.


The desire to increase productivity and at the same time reduce production costs has led to the active introduction of automation in all its manifestations. In general, the digitalization of an organization (that is, the introduction of digital technologies) is the process of its transformation, aimed at creating a unified information environment throughout the life cycle of product creation, combining various methods and tools for data management. This article analyzes the problems that exist when integrating modern digital technologies into the quality management system of aerospace enterprises. In general, studies show that the integration of modern digital technologies is a complex process. Many companies in different countries face certain problems in their integration due to different barriers, among which five main ones can be distinguished: violation of employment; high financial costs; security concerns; lack of digital strategy along with lack of resources; problems in ensuring data quality.


Objective: The Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) instrument is widely used in Australian health research. To assist researchers interpret and report their work, this paper reports population and health status norms, general minimal important differences (MIDs) and effect sizes.


Background: The cut-off values of walking velocity and classification of functional mobility both have a role in clinical settings for assessing the walking function of stroke patients and setting rehabilitation goals and treatment plans. Objective: The present study investigated whether the cut-off values of the modified Rivermead Mobility Index (mRMI) and walking velocity accurately differentiated the walking ability of stroke patients according to the modified Functional Ambulation Category (mFAC). Methods: Eighty two chronic stroke patients were included in the study. The comfortable/maximum walking velocities and mRMI were used to measure the mobility outcomes of these patients. To compare the walking velocities and mRMI scores for each mFAC point, one-way analysis of variance and the post-hoc test using Scheffe's method were performed. The patients were categorized according to gait ability into either mFAC=VII or mFAC ≤ VI group. The cut-off values for mRMI and walking velocities were calculated using a receiver-operating characteristic curve. The odds ratios of logistic regression analysis (Wald Forward) were analyzed to examine whether the cut-off values of walking velocity and mRMI can be utilized to differentiate functional walking levels. Results: Except for mFACs III and IV, maximum walking velocity differed between mFAC IV and mFAC V (p<0.01), between mFAC V and mFAC VI (p<0.001), and between mFAC VI and mFAC VII (p<0.05). The cut-off value of mRMI is >26.5 and the area under the curve is 0.87, respectively; the cut-off value for comfortable walking velocity is >0.77 m/s and the area under the curve is 0.92, respectively; also, the cut-off value for maximum walking velocity is >0.92 m/s and the area under the curve is 0.97, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, the maximum walking velocity (>0.92 m/s, OR=22.027) and mRMI (>26.5 scores, OR=10.283) are able to distinguish mFAC=VII from mFAC ≤ VI. Conclusion: The cut-off values of maximum walking velocity and mRMI are recommended as useful outcome measures for assessing ambulation levels in chronic stroke patients during rehabilitation.


An analysis of the relationship between natural resource and economic performance suggests that the relationship is multifaceted in nature. Prior evidence suggests that natural resource wealth may affect economic growth through both 'economic' and 'political channels.' Using Nigeria as a case study, we examine the relationship from both perspectives. Specifically we explore the relationship between natural resource wealth in oil and economic performance using the non-traded sectors (services, wholesale & retail, and business & construction) in a multivariate vector autoregression (VAR) model over the period 1960-2010. Empirical evidence suggests that the four sectors are cointegrated and that oil had adverse effects on the services and wholesale & retail sectors. However, oil had no significant effect on building & construction. Granger causality test only finds unidirectional causality between oil and building & construction. No causality was found between oil and services, likewise between oil and wholesale & retail. Looking at the political channels, we find that political instability had a positive and significant effects on the oil, wholesale & retail, and business & construction sectors. While, other political factors, such as membership in the organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), establishment of national oil company, and oil sector reforms that coincided with one political party dominance had no significant relationship with all the four sectors.


Control system is the key part of Medical linear accelerator (LINAC), as the system deals with controlled radiation exposure to human body. As this sort of system pass through different regulatory body approvals, control system should be able to handle different stringent parameters very precisely. Some of the important tasks for control system are measurement of delivered dose; energy stabilization through controlling voltage level, automatic frequency control (AFC) of magnetron, trigger generation, human safety and machine safety interlocks etc. Proposed approach to the above mentioned requirement is design of a control system based on FPGA.This project proposes a control and communication system for medical linear accelerator. KeywordsControlsystem,Communicationsystem,Linac.


The present invention relates to a charge system having a power supply delay circuit. More specifically, the charge system includes a power supply delay circuit on the side of a power supply device to prevent sparks when supplying power to an electronic device which requires a relatively large amount of power. If a GND terminal and a D signal terminal are not short-circuited, the power supply delay circuit blocks the power supply to Vcc power terminal. If the GND terminal and the D signal terminal are short-circuited, the operation of the transistor is changed and the charge status of the capacitor is change. Once the charge status of the capacitor is changed, the power supply to the Vcc power terminal is reactivated.


In order to provide ubiquitous communication, seamless connectivity is now required in all environments including highly mobile networks. By using vertical handover techniques it is possible to provide uninterrupted communication as connections are dynamically switched between wireless networks as users move around. However, in a highly mobile environment, traditional reactive approaches to handover are inadequate. Therefore, proactive handover techniques, in which mobile nodes attempt to determine the best time and place to handover to local networks, are actively being investigated in the context of next-generation mobile networks. Using this approach, it is possible to enhance channel allocation and resource management by using probabilistic mechanisms; because, it is possible to explicitly detect contention for resources. This paper presents a proactive approach for resource allocation in highly mobile networks and analyzed the user contention for common resources such as radio channels in highly mobile wireless networks. The proposed approach uses an analytical modelling approach to model the contention and results are obtained showing enhanced system performance. Based on these results an operational space has been explored and are shown to be useful for emerging future networks such as 5G by allowing base stations to calculate the probability of contention based on the demand for network resources. This study indicates that the proactive model enhances handover and resource allocation for highly mobile networks. This paper analyzed the effects of and alpha and beta, in effect, how these parameters affect the proactive resource allocation requests in the contention queue has been modelled for any given scenario from the conference paper "Exploring analytical models to maintain quality-of-service for resource management using a proactive approach in highly mobile environments".


Outsourced logistics service providers specialize in the logistics functions described as third logistics providers. These organizations are popular in the private sector as solution providers to firms interested in outsourcing some or all aspects of their supply chain management functions. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of outsourced distribution services on performance of Level four and five hospitals for five County governments in Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; Effects of inbound logistics influence of distribution channel management, to determine the influence of third party logistics management and to analyze the influence of integrated transport systems on performance of level four and five hospitals in County Government of Kenya. The study involved 96 staff working in level four and five hospitals in Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The study established that Reporting 3PL warehouse management systems (WMS) give county health facilities full visibility into stock levels, including which stock is moving off the shelf, how long things are stored for, and much more. This visibility is very reassuring for product managers who want to see where their products are at all times. The study recommended that county hospitals should use 3PL report so that they experience improvements in order fill rate and order accuracy. Key Words; Inbound Logistics, Distribution Channel Management, Third Party Logistics Management, Integrated Transport Systems and Performance


Objective The effect on yield and quality with different size tubers of Pinellia ternata from Sichuan was studied under the cultivated condition,in order to provide the theoretical basis for standardized cultivation.Methods Three different populations of P.ternata from Sichuan were classified according to the diameters as follows: smaller(0.5 cmd≤1.0 cm),normal(1.0 cmd≤1.5 cm),and larger(d1.5 cm),and this experiment was performed in a randomized block design.During growth and development period,agronomic traits,such as number of sprouting,inflorescence,and bulblets were censused.After harvesting,main chemcial compositions,growth and proliferation rates were determined.Results The different sizes tubers of P.ternata showed the same growth rhythm.But there were signifiacnt differences in the average emergence rate,the average ratio of bolting,the average bulbils,individual growth rate,individual proliferation rate among different sizes.Also,alkaloid and inosine contents were signifiacntly different.But β-sitosterol content had no signifiacnt difference.Conclusion The size of tubers the in 0.5 cmd≤1.0 cm are more suitable for the field cultivation,which could not only distinctly increase the yield,but also had higher contents of alkaloid and inosine.It is proposed to use the larger size tubers(d1.5 cm) while good strains breeding and propagation.


Base on the discusses of the methods about measuring the biodegradable composition in Municipal Solid Waste,this thesis study the change tendency of the biodegradable composition with the landfill time.The result indicates the laws that the biodegradable elements change with the landfill time and they attenuate in a negative index after two years.Finally,this thesis analyzes some factors to influence degradation of MSW.


In 2004, shortly after the introduction of Google Maps, Paul Rademacher created the first web mashup mapping housing data from Craigslist. Since then, web mapping has become ubiquitous on websites and mobile applications in many realms, including social networking, collaborative mapping, and citizen science. During this time, web mapping technologies have developed rapidly. A wide variety of new software from both private vendors and open source collaborators has made the barrier to entry for web mapping platforms relatively easy to overcome. Using this technology can assist geography researchers to collect information from citizen scientists. In this project, we explore different low-cost, low-barrier options of web technologies for citizen science websites. Using this information, we created a website to collect volunteered information about low water crossing hazards perceptions in central Texas. Choosing the right combination of software to implement a geographic citizen science project requires understanding the basics behind web portals. Web mapping portals are built on a GeoStack, or the layers of database and storage, data server, imagery server, and viewer that allow seamless integration of web portal technologies. We present the most popular open source software choices for each GeoStack layer and a comparison of the features for these products. For our project collecting low water crossing hazard information, we selected a combination of WordPress blogging software and a Google Maps plug-in called GeoMashup. The software allows users to submit possible low water crossings as point data in addition to descriptions and photos. Other users can comment and verify locations. A group of undergraduate students, some with geographic information system (GIS) experience and some without, tested the software for usability. The results indicate that the software is easy to use for most students regardless of GIS experience. Using such a portal should allow applied geography researchers to work with citizen scientists to collect photos and information about a wide variety of geographic phenomena.


[Objective]To understand the status of disinfection in medical institutes at village level,enhance the administration of disinfection in medical institutes at village level.[Methods]Investigation on disinfection effect was conducted in 418 medical institutes at village level from April to October,2007.[Results]972 Samples collected from 418 investigated units were tested.Of them,492 were up to standard,accounting for 50.62%.The qualified rate was 71.76%(122/170) and 46.13%(370/802).in medical institutes at town and village level.There was a difference(P0.01).The qualified rate of different items was higher in medical institutes at town level than that at village level.There was a difference(P0.01 or 0.05).[Conclusion]The level of disinfection in rural medical institutes of Zouping county was relatively lower The main problems existed were less attention to disinfection work,lack of specialized knowledge of disinfection among employees and imperfection of regulation on disinfection.


Objective To research the association between conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and HIV infection.Methods The blood samples of 53 cases with conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma were taken for HIV testing. Their ages ranged from 20 to 54 years old. Age matched controls were chosen from the patients with other eye diseases. The blood samples of the controls were taken for HIV testing in same way.Results Forty two(79.24%) of 53 cases with conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma were seropositive compared with 14(28.57%) of 49 cases in the controls, significant difference was found (χ 2=26.41,P0.01).Conclusion Apart from the role of solar ultraviolet radiation, HIV infection is an important factor to induce the development of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.


With the development of ever-increasing economy in China and the trend of globalization, rare opportunities are provided to China' s convention and exhibition Industry. The definition, characteristic and the structure of logistics distribution in convention and exhibition industry are presented in this article. The author also puts forward the countermeasures to the development of the logistics distribution in the modern convention and exhibition industry based on the reality in China.


The invention provides a hearing aid (1) comprising at least one in the hearing aid housing retractable contact means (4). The contact means (4) contacts in an extended or deployed position, an external unit (5), for example, a battery charger (16). The unit (5) has a corresponding opening (6) for receiving the contact means (4). Thereby, for example, when charging a rechargeable battery (17) of the hearing aid (1) a reliable connection between the hearing aid (1) and the charger (16) are prepared. The contact means (4), first and second contact elements (8, 9), having the external unit corresponding third contact elements (11).


Progressive development of the reinforcement force in a geosynthetic-reinforced model soil retaining wall subjected to irregular ground accelerations was investigated in a pseudo-static-based analytical model. The progressive development of the reinforcement force was expressed as a function of maximum input ground accelerations in the proposed analytical model, which also incorporated a multi-wedge failure mechanism and Newmark's sliding-block theory. This analytical model eliminated a disadvantage inherent in the conventional pseudo-static approach, namely a possible overestimation of the seismic stability of the wall due to the assumption of full mobilization of the reinforcement force regardless of the intensity of ground excitation. It was also found that the value of the critical seismic coefficient (khc) calculated using a peak internal friction angle (ϕp) and a fully mobilized reinforcement pull-out force can be used to simulate the ultimate state of the model wall when subjected to irregular grou...


This paper proves that the fundamental problem in teaching is the instructor who uses a bank style teaching model that casts off the potential of student creativity which leads to authoritarian feudalistic teaching in which students such as tabula rasa, blank white paper must be filled, therefore the facts empirically, the battle between the two models of teaching is still very much dominated by the teaching model in the style of the bank. By that, the writing of giving agat solutions to teaching models to problems is the choice of the instructors because this model is able to build participants' creativity and democratization in learning. With this model education can develop a humanizing mission for human beings, or students and able to produce generations that are of good quality in a scientific way, as well as morals seem to be realized.


ABSTRACT Alginate coatings were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) using alcohol (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol)-water mixtures at different ratios. Water electrolysis and so current density increased with water content and EPD time leading to the more bubbles in coatings. EPD rate increased with water amount due to the increase in concentration of H+ and Alg− ions and reduction in solution viscosity. According to the results of kinetics, optical microscopy and corrosion analyses the coating deposited at 10 V for 1 min from the ethanolic solution with 60 vol.-% of water was selected as the optimum coating for in-vitro cell culture and antibacterial analyses. There was almost 30% rise in cell expansion for the sample with optimum coating after 7 days compared to the blank. Also, the coated sample showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus bacteria.


Ethanol increases acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3AcK9) in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays role in the actions of ethanol in liver. However, relationship between ethanol induced oxidative stress and histone acetylation is unknown. Therefore, the effects of modulators of ROS on H3AcK9 were studied in ethanol treated hepatocytes. Ethanol (50 or 100 mM, 24 h) increased ROS production (DCF‐DA assay). Rat hepatocytes were exposed to ethanol (50 mM, 24 h) with or without N‐acetyl cystein (N‐Ac; ROS reducer) or l‐buthionine‐sulfoximine (BSO; ROS inducer) or dietary antioxidants (curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol). The ratio of H3AcK9/β‐actin was determined in the nuclear extracts by western blotting. Curcumin modestly increased H3AcK9 in dose dependent manner (5–20 mM) and increased the ethanol induced acetylation at 5 mM. However, 10 or 20 mM curcumin attenuated ethanol induced increase in H3AcK9. Ethanol induced acetylation was decreased (49 %) by N‐Ac and increased (about 130%) by BSO. Quercetin (5–20 mM) and resveratrol (0.5–5 mM) did not effect acetylation on their own, but reduced ethanol induced acetylation (46% and 55%, respectively). Hence, oxidative stress modulates ethanol induced histone H3 acetylation. Supported by NIH grant AA16347.


The base of the paper is to test temperature influance on steel–concrete composite bridge structures. Main pressure is put on so called double composite bridge girders. Basically its steel beam joined on the top and bottom with reinforced concrete plates steel beam is a truss. This type of structures are being designed more often recently thats why It seems resonable to check its behaviour under thermal loads. Especially as this is used for long span bridges where the temperature impact is important for structure behaviour. Classical composite bridge construction is steel beam with concrete slab on the top. Sometimes additional lower concrete slab is used but only in the support areas where compression can occur in the bottom part of the girder. Considered in this paper type of beam consist of top and bottom concrete slabs connected with steel truss which goes along whole structure. For better idea of a structure see Figure 1.


This thesis re-places lyrical tragedy within the framework of the history of ideas in order to study the arrival of a "modern" concept of morality which challenges the primacy of heroism and the values of the upper echelons of society, and which bases the idea of individual virtue on natural sensibility, with particular reference to the battle between th ancients and the moderns, this study posits the hypothesis that the moders, using the lyrical tragedy as their testing ground, applied to the laws governing the "beautiful" their ideas on the stability or instability of the laws of nature, and attempted to rethink the solidarity of the arts after the model of the solidarity of the sciences. Lyrical tragedy,a composite genre as well as being a performing art, brings about a change of viewpoint leading to a division between moral and aesthetic judgement. It naturalizes the supernatural and, by substituing the problem of evil by the representation of the misfortunes of ordinary sensitive individuals moved by gentle passions, it advances the aesthetics of what is touching, thus promoting a morality of tenderness which may be seen in subsequent literature. The birth of a new society engendered the birth of a aesthetically new genre : conversely, the aesthetic forms peculiar to the genre made the lineaments of this modern morality cleater. Bringing to the forefront feminine values when society promotes women to universalist values, lyrical tragedy, often criticized as being artificial and verbose, highlights a new versio what is true, natural and simple. Pure classical values are fully assumed: by giving voice to the heart's truth which expresses the state of the soul, more than it describes the actions of the individual, lyrical tragedy evokes the ideal simple sublime which is more touching than admirable.


Interactions of neutrons with zinc have been studied by measuring gamma- ray-production cross sections. For a sample of natural zinc, spectra were obtained for incident-mean-neutron energies, E/sub n/ = 4.9, 5.4, and 5.9 MeV with gamma-ray detector systems utilizing coaxial Ge(Li) detectors. Nearly monoenergetic neutrons were obtained from the D(d,n) reaction using deuterons obtained from the (pulsed) Oak Ridge National Laboratory 5-MV Van de Graaff accelerator. Time-of-flight was used to discriminate against pulses due to neutrons and background radiation. Gamma-ray identification was aided by obtaining spectra for samples enriched in the isotopes $sup 64$Zn and $sup 68$Zn, and new information on the level structure of $sup 64$Zn is reported. These cross sections have been compared, where possible, with previous comparable measurements with generally satisfactory results. 2 figures, 3 tables. (auth)


This paper reviews and challenges academic ideas of well-being. It begins by outlining the dominant approach to defining and measuring well-being, known as subjective well-being (SWB). Having examined its cognitive and affective components and corresponding measures, the paper progresses to question SWB by introducing the distinction between hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Next, the viability and limitations of the eudaimonic paradigm are discussed, including the lack of conceptual coherence in the current definitions of eudaimonic well-being. Finally, the paper examines the potential role of qualitative research on well-being to help refine develop and refine the concept of well-being.


Signals cannot always be sampled at their full desired resolution. In this tutorial, we explore the benefits of randomly subsampling a signal's frequency spectrum. Whereas uniform subsampling would introduce structural artifacts in the time series, random subsampling introduces a type of noise whose behavior we quantify. This analysis gives insight into the reasons why random sampling is employed in more sophisticated processing techniques such as compressive sensing. The signal processing codes and data used in this work can be downloaded from https://mines.edu/ ∼ mwakin/software .


This study aimed at providing the estimation model of the repair cost for roof-water proofing, using the repair survey data between the 2011 and 2014 in Seoul. Results are shown ; First, among 11 estimation models, the power function has a better statistics and goodness-of-fit than other estimation models. Second, after it is fitted on the graph, the estimation model with a variable of household has a pattern in upward to the right. On the contrary, the model with management area is a little downward to the right.


Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are commonly associated with early- and late-onset arrhythmias after hemodynamic and/or anatomical surgical treatment. In order to diagnose postoperative arrhythmias in CHD, an understanding of the complex anatomy, predisposing factors and hemodynamic abnormalities is reguired. Substrates for arrhythmias in postoperative arrhythmias are related to hemodynamic abnormalities and anatomical lesions caused by surgery as well as by underlying congenital cardiac defects. According to the cardiac conduction components, postoperative arrhythmias in CHD can be classified into five groups; arrhythmias related to sinus node function, arrhythmias related to intraatrial conduction, arrhythmias related to atrioventricular node function, arrhythmias related to ventricular conduction abnormalities, mixed. The management of arrhythmias in CHD should be integrated with the care of the underlying heart defects and hemodynamic abnormalities.


Probiotic Ambon banana velvais one of probiotics food products. Freezing process can reduce the amount of probiotics on product. The aim of this study to determine the proper type of isolates and fermentation period in order to obtain a high viability of probiotics in probiotik Ambon banana velva during frozen storage. In this study using Randomized Block Design with 2 factors, type of isolates used (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum) and fermentation period (4, 6 and 8 hours)with 3 replications. The results showed that the type of isolates and fermentation period give significant effect (α=0.05) of total sugar, total acids and pH of the Ambon banana fermented slurry. Lactobacillus plantarum with 4 hours of fermentation period showed the highest viability of LAB during frozen storage of 6 weeks with 2.06 x 106 CFU/ml of total LAB, 12.91% of total sugar, 0.044% of total acid and 4.55 of acidity at week 6.


A revised glaciation chronology for Ontario that spans the last half million years is derived by combining recent results from oxygen isotope analyses in deep sea cores with evidence from studies of the Pleistocene geology of the province. The chronology suggests that the perturbation to the geothermal gradient may be up to 50% larger than previously thought in central parts of Ontario.


ABSTRACT In response to the 2015–2016 migration crisis, the European Union established the Emergency Trust Fund for Africa that aimed 'to address the root causes of instability, forced displacement and irregular migration and to contribute to better migration management.' This article questions the logic of this approach to migration management by asking whether African regions can 'better manage migration.' The article examines the normative bases of migration policies amongst the African Union (AU) and six regional economic communities (RECs), as well as the normative bases of the development strategies pursued by the AU and these RECs. The article proposes normative policy coherence for development as an approach to better understand the relationships between regional integration, sustainable development and migration management in Africa.


The performance of the parameter-free conical radial basis functions accompanied with the Chebyshev node generation is investigated for the solution of boundary value problems. In contrast to the traditional conical radial basis function method, where the collocation points are placed uniformly or quasi-uniformly in the physical domain of the boundary value problems in question, we consider three different Chebyshev-type schemes to generate the collocation points. This simple scheme improves accuracy of the method with no additional computational cost. Several numerical experiments are given to show the validity of the newly proposed method.


The main idea of the novel A History of the World in 10½ Chapters (1989) by J. Barnes is the searching for the answers to the questions about human nature, the past, present and future of human civilization. The writer likens human society to a ship-prison, which is sailing to nowhere, and the farther it is sailing, the fewer chances humanity has to rescue. But the book by J. Barnes is not another antiutopia. The incubus of history has repeated so frequently that the tragic essence of the catastrophe incurs reduction and the tragedy has become simulacrum of itself. The novel A History of the World in 10½ Chapters is an attempt to look into peculiarities of human existence, get rid of starry-eyed illusions about human nature and the ways of civilization development.


Free bone or periosteal flaps from the medial femoral condyle are being employed for treatment of recalcitrant nonunions. When harvested in a corticocancellous fashion, these flaps have the potential to compromise the stability of the femur. This study is designed to test the axial stability of the femur after harvest of corticocancellous flaps using a standardized composite femur model.


Abstract. In this paper, the Photoacoustic Aerosol Absorption Spectrometer (PAAS-4λ) is introduced. PAAS-4λ was specifically developed for long-term monitoring tasks in (unattended) air quality stations. It uses four wavelengths coupled to a single acoustic resonator in a compact and robust set-up. The instrument has been thoroughly characterized and carefully calibrated in the laboratory using NO2/air mixtures and Nigrosin aerosol. It has an ultimate 1σ detection limit below 0.1 Mm−1, at a measurement precision and accuracy of 3 % and 10 %, respectively. In order to demonstrate the PAAS-4λ suitability for long-term monitoring tasks, the instrument is currently validated at the air quality monitoring station Pallas in Finland, about 140 km north of the Arctic circle. A total of 11 months of PAAS-4λ data from this deployment are presented and discussed in terms of instrument performance. Intercomparisons with the filter-based photometers of a continuous soot monitoring system (COSMOS), the Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), and Aethalometer (AE33) demonstrate the capabilities and value of PAAS-4λ, as well as for the validation of the widely used filter-based instruments.


A synthetic spanwise-constant spatio-temporal mode is excited in a flat plate turbulent boundary layer through a spatially impulsive patch of dynamic wall-roughness. The streamwise wavelength of the synthetic mode approximately corresponds to the very large-scale motions present in high Reynolds number wall turbulence. Hot wire anemometer measurements made downstream of the roughness forcing reveal the nature of the two dimensional synthetic large-scale and its influence on the small-scale turbulence. A clear phase organizing effect on the small-scales is noticed in presence of the synthetic large-scale. A thorough understanding of these phase relations lays the foundation for a framework that allows for practical manipulation of energetic small-scale turbulence through large-scale inputs by utilizing the inherent non-linear coupling present in the governing Navier-Stokes equations.


In India, the 73rd constitutional amendment of 1992 decentralises agriculture, irrigation, health, education along with 23 other items to the Panchayats, the village level self-government body. It is envisaged that the three-tier Panchayat system at the District, Block and the Village level would coordinate with different 'line departments' of the government for planning various schemes and their implementation. In West Bengal, a state in eastern India, where the Panchayats were revitalised before the constitutional amendment, the initial years were marked by strong coordination between the Panchayats and other departments, especially land and agriculture, making West Bengal a 'model' case for the Panchayats. However, where service delivery through the Panchayats has been criticised in recent years, the disjuncture between Panchayats and the line departments is a cause for alarm. In this paper, we search for the causes behind the low level of coordination between government departments and the Panchayat at each tier. We analyse the complex process of organisational coordination that characterises decentralisation, and show how decision making in local governments is nested within various levels of hierarchy. The study focuses on the formal structures of coordination and control with regard to decision-making between the Panchayats and the line departments. We show how these processes work out in practice. These involve lack of role definition, problems of accountability, and politics over access to resources and relations of power within, as well as outside, the Panchayat.


Summary Type 2 diabetic patients are known to frequently have a high insulin level and were recently described as having high plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, compared to normal controls. As we have shown in several clinical conditions (normal subjects, obese patients, angina pectoris patients) that plasma PAI activity was linked with plasma insulin, we have studied in 38 type 2 diabetic patients the relationship between PAI activity, insulin and other parameters. Patients showed higher level of PAI activity, as well as plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B levels than normal controls; highest values were observed with diabetic patients also affected by coronary artery disease. A significant correlation was found between PAI activity and insulin (r = 0.60, p <0.001), body mass index (r = 0.32, p <0.05) and Apolipoprotein B (r = 0.33, p <0.05). The two latter correlations disappeared after adjustment for insulin. These results are in agreement with our previous report showing an in vitro effect of insulin on the synthesis of PAI by a hepatocellular cell line. Hyperinsulinemia presented by type 2 diabetic patients may increase the hepatic synthesis of PAI, inducing an hypofibrinolysis, which could play a role in the development of the vascular complications. Attempts to reduce hyperinsulinemia could have a favorable effect by lowering PAI activity.


The data on the main factors weakening of Siberian stone pine stands ( Pinus sibirica Du Tour) of natural and anthropogenic origin are given. Their role in the changes of the modern state and the transformation of Siberian stone pine forests near settlements of Tomsk region is indicated.


1. A continuous process for producing solid phosphorus-potassium (P / K) of phosphoric acid fertilizers (FC) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), wherein the fertilizer has a substantially neutral pH and is granular and free-flowing, said method comprising: i) the step a concentrated aqueous solution of FC and concentrated KOH aqueous solution; ii) a step of combining said concentrated solutions obtained in step i), in the reactor, providing a reaction temperature ranging from 85 to 120 ° C, resulting in a liquid reaction hydrochloric mixture; iii) a drying step of said reaction mixture obtained in step ii), in a vacuum dryer with a temperature of the reaction between 85 and 120 ° C and a pressure of not more than 400 mbar, resulting in a solid material, wherein said drying step is separated into time and space from said step ii); and iv) cooling said solid material obtained in step iii), to ambient temperature, thereby obtaining a solid fertilizer with no tendency to caking, essentially consisting of KH (PO) and water in an amount of 10 wt. % Or menshe.2. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that said drying step comprises combining a liquid stream from the dried solid material, and as a stream, and the solid material consists of the reaction product between FC and KON.3. A method according to claim. 2, characterized in that said association comprises draining said liquid stream to said material.4 the dried solid. A continuous process according to Claim. 1 further comprising the step of preparing concentrated solutions of FC and KON.5. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that said steps ii) and iii) are separated in time and space, and tested at a temperature of from 90 to


This study includes previous reports of four affected individuals from two unrelated families with hedgehog acyl‐transferase (HHAT)‐related multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Microcephaly, small cerebellar vermis, holoprosencephaly, agenesis of corpus callosum, intellectual disability, short stature, skeletal dysplasia, microphthalmia–anophthalmia, and sex reversal constitute the phenotypic spectrum of this condition with variable expression. We report an additional family with three affected conceptuses: two abortuses and one living proband. We did proband–parents trio exome sequencing and identified a biallelic in‐frame deletion c.365_367del; (p.Thr122del) in exon 5 of HHAT. With this report, we delineate the phenotype and allelic heterogeneity of the HHAT‐related multiple congenital anomaly syndrome.


This module implements the ratio-of-mediator-probability weighting (RMPW) method for causal mediation analysis to decompose the treatment effect into "direct" and "indirect" effects. The indirect effect operates through a "mediator," which is a variable that is affected by the treatment and in turn also has an effect on the outcome. The direct effect operates directly from the treatment to the outcome, or operates through other unmeasured mediators.


This report compares the radiological impacts of a fuel cycle in which only uranium is recycled, as presented in the Final Generic Environmental Statement on the Use of Recycle Plutonium in Mixed Oxide Fuel in Light Water Cooled Reactors (GESMO), with those of the light-water breeder reactor (LWBR) thorium/uranium fuel cycle in the Final Environmental Statement, Light Water Breeder Reactor Program. The significant offsite radiological impacts from routine operation of the fuel cycles result from the mining and milling of thorium and uranium ores, reprocessing spent fuel, and reactor operations. The major difference between the impacts from the two fuel cycles is the larger dose commitments associated with current uranium mining and milling operations as compared to thorium mining and milling. Estimated dose commitments from the reprocessing of either fuel type are small and show only moderate variations for specific doses. No significant differences in environmental radiological impact are anticipated for reactors using either of the fuel cycles. Radiological impacts associated with routine releases from the operation of either the thorium or uranium fuel cycles can be held to acceptably low levels by existing regulations.


Background: One of the conservative treatment methods for patients with end-stage renal failure is hemodialysis. Although hemodialysis contributes to patients' lives, it has adverse emotional and psychological effects, including sleep problems, fatigue, and depression. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the effect of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality, depression, and fatigue among hemodialysis patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 hemodialysis patients in Khatam Al-Anbia and Ali Ibne Abi Talib hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups using permuted block randomization. The data were collected using a demographic information form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The patients in the control group received routine care, and the patients in the intervention group attended a sleep hygiene education program in three consecutive face-to-face dialysis sessions using educational pamphlets for 40 to 60 minutes, depending on the patient's tolerance. Two months after the training program, the quality of sleep, fatigue, and depression were measured for patients in both groups. The patients' data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 25) using the paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at a significant level of 0.05 (P < 0.05). Results: The mean scores of sleep quality for the patients in the intervention and control groups changed from 12.05 ± 2.18 to 10.85 ± 2.00 and from 10.28 ± 1.85 to 10.45 ± 1.85, respectively, and the paired samples t-test showed significant differences in both groups before and after the intervention, but the sleep quality scores increased for the patients in the intervention group (P = 0.001). Moreover, the mean fatigue scores for the patients in the intervention and control groups changed from 57.98 ± 13.48 to 52.25 ± 13.23 and from 48.88 ± 8.97 to 52.20 ± 8.80, respectively. The paired samples t-test showed significant differences in both groups before and after the intervention, but fatigue scores increased for the control group (P = 0.001). The data also indicated that the mean depression scores for the patients in the intervention and control groups changed from 24.20 ± 6.26 to 22.28 ± 5.26 and from 25.18 ± 7.70 to 25.68 ± 7.54, respectively. The independent samples t-test showed significant differences in both groups before and after the intervention (P = 0.001). By controlling the pre-test effect, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences in the mean scores of sleep quality (P = 0.001), fatigue (P = 0.001), and depression (P = 0.001) in hemodialysis patients in both intervention and control groups after two months. Conclusions: The study's findings indicated that sleep hygiene education significantly improves sleep quality, depression, and fatigue in hemodialysis patients. Given that sleep hygiene education is a simple and easy-to-use method, sleep hygiene training courses need to be organized and held for dialysis patients.


Currently discussed trends and new technologies regarding cloud or edge computing imply that even most recent designs and functionalities of digital on-board-control electronics may be outdated and eventually will totally disappear. Additionally, those new technologies attract potential users by promises like new use cases e.g. predictive maintenance or a simplified architecture and reduced installation efforts. On the other hand, automation levels and subsequent requirements are often mixed up or discussed too generally. Nevertheless, what is the rue situation today and in the upcoming years? This paper elaborates the potentials of both approaches – state of the art on-board-control electronics and potentially disruptive control architectures for hydraulic valves in order to take the right decision and reflect the pros and cons for each topology by: Architecture of automation: In Terms of strongly hierarchical or multidimensional connected systems. Requirement of installation: By reflecting the dedicated ecosystems, on levels like plant, machine, subsystems. Maturity of technology: Looking on the user's perspective. Safety and security: From legal and conformity aspects. Performance needs by specific task: In comparing standard to demanding real life applications.


Abstract This study aimed to investigate the difference of the body orientation ability in sitting position to adapt to dynamically changing angle of the base of support in stroke patients and Healthy adults. The angle between vertical and head and trunk in 12 stroke patients (6 male and 6 female) and 12 healthy adults (6 male and 6 female) were measured by video motion analysis system. The head and trunk angle between stroke patients and healthy adults in sitting position were significantly different when increase the angle of dominant side(p .05), Stroke patients compared to healthy adults had more deficits in their body orientation ability in sitting position to adapt to dynamically changing angle of the base of support. This finding may help to understand postural control deficits more clearly in stroke patients in sitting position.


This paper gives a description and comparison of adjectives between Chinese language and Indonesian language from the multiple perspectives of syntactic function and gemination form.It points out what is difficult to the learners who take the Indonesian language as the mother tongue(first language) when they study Chinese adjectives,providing reference for language teaching of Chinese to learners who take the Indonesian language as the mother tongue(first language).


This paper compares the extent to which situational variables are possessed by shoppers in international markets, specifically India and the United States. In India, the shopping study involved a popular open market, while in the United States it took place in a large enclosed mall. The situational variables examined included antecedent states, social surroundings, temporal perspective, and physical surroundings. Significant differences were found between the two populations in the extent to which the Indian and American samples possessed these attributes. The implications of these findings are discussed in detail; recommendations for marketers are also included.


Abstract Based on satellite observations, the effects of emission reduction measures on air pollutants (NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), and aerosols) were estimated in Beijing and its surroundings during the 2015 World Championships and Parade (WCP) held in Beijing. Compared with the same period in the previous three years (2012–2014), the tropospheric vertical column densities of NO2 and SO2 in 2015 were significantly reduced in Beijing and its surroundings. During the WCP, aerosol optical depth was reduced most significantly in Beijing, while NO2 and SO2 were reduced most significantly in Hebei and Tianjin, respectively. The meteorological conditions were also favorable during this period. During the WCP, the North China Plain was located under high pressure from the north of China. A southward pressure gradient force and weak northerly and northeasterly winds blocked the transport of pollution from southern and western parts of the industrial area (Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong provinces). Cold air masses pushed southwards weakly. These conditions were beneficial to the removal of air pollutants in Beijing.


1. The hard Lefschetz theorem Let X be a smooth irreducible complex projective variety of (Complex) diiliellsion m (or more generally a KBhlcr manifold), endowed with the "clas-sical" Hausdorff topology. clenote the singuler cohomology ring of X with complex coefficients. (Any field of characteristic zero would do just a8s well for the coefficient group. In fact', for the most part we could work over 2, but this is unnecessary for our purposes.) Since X is'projective we may imbed it in some complex projective space pN. Letl H denote a, (generic) hyperplane in PN. Thcn X n H is a closed subvariety of X of real codimension two, and thus by a, standard construction in algebraic geometry represents a cohomology class w E H2(X), called the class of a Ayperplane section.


The present study was taken to assess the performance of rajasri bird in comparison with desi variety for combating protein deficiency and increase socio economic status of rural families. The study reveal that rajasri birds are more efficient than desi birds for increased protein intake and increased income.


In laser cladding the wear and corrosion properties of metallic surfaces are modified by the addition of hardfacing alloys. The aim of the cladding process consists in obtaining a homogeneous surface layer with a strong metallurgical bond to the substrate and only a low degree of dilution. The process usually involves the delivery of fine grained alloy powders directly into the melt pool during the laser irradiation [1,2]. This method of laser cladding is widespread and very flexible but there are still some technological problems which have to be solved.In laser cladding the wear and corrosion properties of metallic surfaces are modified by the addition of hardfacing alloys. The aim of the cladding process consists in obtaining a homogeneous surface layer with a strong metallurgical bond to the substrate and only a low degree of dilution. The process usually involves the delivery of fine grained alloy powders directly into the melt pool during the laser irradiation [1,2]. This method of laser cladding is widespread and very flexible but there are still some technological problems which have to be solved.


ARTEFACTS OF WEH ISLAND: THE EVIDENCE OF PREHISTORIC-AUSTRONESIAN-CULTURE IN WESTERN INDONESIA. Until today, it is hard to find neolithic artefacts in the western region of Indonesia; therefore, a number of archaeologists doubt that Austronesian cultural activities had occurred in this region. However, stone adzes found in Loyang Loyang Mendale and Loyang Ujung Karang indicates morphological and technological characteristics of neolithic stone tools. The stone tools were identified as rectangular adze, hand adze and 'belincung' type adze, which proved that Austronesian-prehistoric-culture was practiced in Pulau Weh. This fact strengthens the assumption on the migration of Austronesian people to Pulau Weh. The present study is carried out by comparing the characteristics of stone adzes found in other regions of western Indonesia, since Pulau Weh lacks data on prehistoric chronological stages. The result indicates that Pulau Weh has a strategic geographical position potential visit destination and favorable environment for settlement locations. On the other hand, the stone adze of Pulau Weh shows a particular characteristic of a morphological and technological marriage between rectangular adze and hand adze.