The European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has now been in force since 1 January 2005 and a great deal of progress has unquestionably been made during the first six months. John Chennells, Principal Consultant, Energy & Utilities, LogicaCMG, looks at how the scheme has been performing in the UK, and asks whether it is really achieving what it set out to do.


Fairfield, N.J. 07006), we noticed that bilirubin caused a 125.0 8.0 7.0 0.0 -3.0 suppression of the values obtained with the Gemeni analyzer, 250.0 8.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0


Abstract : This paper serves as one proposal for how the Marine Corps can utilize the entire community of highly qualified and experienced Prowler aviators while affording other aviation occupational specialties a chance to become healthy again after eight long years of war have eroded their corporate knowledge, experience, and manpower.


The latest results of the National Diabetes Audit and the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit together have identified serious concerns regarding the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and young people. Obesity and deprivation play a major part; this and improvements in treatment delivery need to be addressed. Steve Chaplin reports.


In this paper, we describe a ten-year project to develop a 'next-generation' computational infrastructure for community networks. Our design work was inspired by the paradigm of web-based hypermedia exemplified by the Blacksburg Electronic Village. We incorporated user interface ideas from multi-user domains, virtual environments, and geospatial information systems, and tried to emphasise place-based user interactions and applications. We called this infrastructure for community networking MOOsburg. As the project progressed, we have continuingly reweighed the original orienting design issues and trade-offs, and we have revised and refined our design approach. In our reconstruction, an important theme in this design work, one that transcends and integrates the specific design approaches we investigated, was support for greater coherence in collaborative community activity.


A computer technique is being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to automate the measurement of coronary stenosis. A Vanguard 35mm film transport is optically coupled to a Spatial Data System vidicon/digitizer which in turn is con-trolled by a DEC PDP 11/55 computer. Programs have been developed to track the edges of the arterial shadow, to locate normal and atherosclerotic vessel sections and to measure percent stenosis. Multiple frame analysis techniques are being investigated that involve on the one hand, averaging stenosis measurements from adjacent frames, and on the other hand, averaging adjacent frame images directly and then measuring stenosis from the averaged image. For the latter case, geometric transformations are used to force registration of vessel images whose spatial ori-entation changes.


In Vietnam, online shopping activities have grown strongly. Thus, the number of people using the Internet for online shopping activities increases gradually. This is promising good shifts for online business companies. In the online shopping market, understanding the buyers and having good satisfactions from them are vital issues to be an online business's success. The paper discusses about customer behavior in general, the factors affecting to the buying decision, and analysis of influent factors to individual online customer satisfaction with a Vietnamese case study. The findings show that the business companies should focus on their product, price, and services in their marketing strategy. This is because that the factors of marketing on product and promotion have been found as the most important factors to customers' satisfaction. Other factors such as technology or comments from relatives are also affected to customers' buying decisions. Therefore, the business companies also have appropriate policies or promotions to alternative customers' segmentations.


Purpose:To realize the detection of T-wave end with an efficient and accurate method. Methods:R-wave was located using wavelet transforming,and then the T-wave detection interval was identified accurately by avoiding the influence of heart rate and P-wave. In addition,T-wave peaks were determined referring to the modulus maxima in the interval. Based on these,the T-wave end was located with a simple and practical geometrical method,which was applied for the evaluation of QT database. Results:The positioning capability of the above-mentioned method reached to(-0.35225±18.5869) ms which was comparable or even better than those manual annotations from QT database by cardiologists. Conclusions:The experimental results showed that our algorithm for T-wave end detection is robust to noise,baseline drift and waveform morphological variations,and easy to calculate and to realize.


On 9 and 10 February 2012, nearly 30 legal ethicists from Australia, the United States and New Zealand took part in an Australian and New Zealand Legal Ethics Colloquium hosted by the Legal Issues Centre at the University of Otago Faculty of Law. This followed Australian and New Zealand colloquia in 2005 (University of Canterbury) and 2010 (University of Southern Queensland). The title this year was 'Is Adversarialism Dead? New Foundations for Legal Process and Lawyers' Ethics'.


This paper presents a model for the "gambling e¤ect," i.e., the e¤ect that risky gambles are evaluated di¤erently than riskless outcomes due to an intrinsic utility (or disutility) of gambling. The model turns out to violate stochastic dominance and therefore its primary applications will be descriptive. It sheds new light on empirical observations of risk attitudes and provides new insights into the distinction between risky and riskless utility. Journal of Economic Literature Classi...cation number: D81, C60


This paper reports an experimental investigation of a closed‐loop thermosyphon system charged with water and other low saturation fluids, such as ethanol, acetone, and methanol, for different adiabatic lengths, filling ratios, and heat loads. The closed‐loop thermosyphon with two inline vertical heaters in the evaporator section and forced air‐cooled plate‐type heat exchanger in the condenser section, connected by a changeable adiabatic length, is investigated at different working conditions. Out of five filling ratios used in the analysis, at 0.6 filling ratio, the loop thermosyphon is seen to be operated at its best. The acetone‐charged loop thermosyphon shows the lowest values (up to 72% reduction) of overall thermal resistance than that of other fluids and significantly higher effectiveness, due to the plate‐type forced air‐cooled condenser. For the acetone‐filled thermosyphon, an almost 15% increase in the effectiveness is observed by changing the adiabatic length from 800 to 200 mm. This study suggests that the limitation of the loop thermosyphon with a water‐cooled condenser to cool electronic components, computational clusters, and data centers is well fulfilled by the loop thermosyphon with plate‐type forced air‐cooled condenser. The nucleate pool boiling correlation is developed and validated for the loop thermosyphon system to determine the evaporator heat transfer coefficient.


The treatment of persons with intellectual disabilities in criminal-legal proceedings and during the execution of a prison sentence has been the subject of scientific research for many years. This paper primarily analyzed the prevalence of persons with intellectual disabilities in this population by relying on research on the population of convicted persons and the findings of disability studies. In addition, the specificities of their position during the court process and subsequent treatment in prison were presented, and the basic challenges in the post-penal period indicated. For the successful execution of the prison sentence and the achievement of post-penal acceptance, more precisely for life in the community after the execution of the prison sentence or release, continuous and coordinated cooperation between the penitentiary system and professional services, i.e. services for providing support to persons with disabilities, is necessary. The establishment of training programs, capacity building and sensitization of employees, primarily treatment officers and the members of the security services, are also needed for recognizing developmental disorders and providing support in the prison environment.


Laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis have been used to study the triplet and the free radical states of Rhodamine 123. Using acridine and xanthone as sensitisers, the molar absorption of the triplet state at 395 nm was found to be 1.2×104 d mol-1 cm-1 in both aqueous and ethanolic solutions. No triplet state of Rhodamine 123 was observed on direct excitation in aqueous solution, indicating a triplet intersystem crossing yield of less than 0.002. The formation and decay of the excited singlet state at 420 nm was observed during the laser pulse. One-electron oxidised and reduced forms of Rhodamine 123, attributed to the radical cation and radical anion with absorption maxima at 450 and 390 nm, respectively, were produced. The radical cation formed at pH 2.5 (designated RhH2+) was shown to deprotonate to yield RhNsbd+ (pKa=5.7). Both the cation and anion radicals of the dyes may be formed either following photoionisation of Rhodamine 123 or, in photoredox reactions involving Rhodamine 123. Photoionisation was observed and appeared to be neither solely mono- or biphotonic. The maximum quantum yield for the monophotonic process was estimated to be ⩽0.005. Direct excitation of Rhodamine 123 to produce significant yields of the dye triplet state and, subsequently, singlet oxygen is an unlikely mechanism for photosensitised cell killing. Accumulation of Rhodamine 123 in mitochondria may account for the apparent effectiveness of the dye as a photosensitiser, even in inefficient photoprocesses.


In this paper, a video object segmentation algorithm with robust reference frame generation has been proposed. This algorithm uses a robust approach for obtaining a reference background frame in order to improve the results of change detection and also solves the problems of dis-occluded regions appearing as part of the segmented moving objects. In addition, a change detection process with adaptive threshold estimation has been adopted here. Also, the use of specially detected "moving" edgels and a graph-based edge-linking method that employs both gradient-based and edge-based constraints have also been applied to refine the object segmentation mask. The proposed work has shown a reasonably fast and good video object segmentation technique that operates in real-time and can be applied in applications such as MPEG-4's content-based video coding and home/office/warehouse security. Key-Words: video object segmentation, change detection, reference frame, disoccluded regions, edgelinking


Interactive teaching is a important expression of the teaching democratization in the innovation of teaching method,and it can embody students' main body in the teaching activity and much accords with students' learning regulation. On the basis of the characteristic of polymer physics itself and the teaching experience of recent several years,the application of interactive teaching method in polymer physics course was researched in order to enhance the teaching effect.


This study examines rainfall variability and its implications for wheat production risk in northeast Germany. The hedging effectiveness of rainfall options and the role of geographical basis risk are analyzed using a daily precipitation model. Simpler pricing methods such as the burn analysis and the index value simulation serve as benchmarks for comparison. It is found that the choice of statistical approach may lead to considerable differences in the estimation results. Daily precipitation models should be used with some caution in the context of derivative pricing because they tend to underestimate rainfall variability. This is unexpected, because daily simulation models are usually preferred in the context of temperature‐based weather indexes.


The theory of opportunity arises from human activity which inspires bettors who try to find information on the chances of winning bets. Scientists who also like to play bets, experts make the theory of probability as a basic study of statistics and conduct mathematical analysis from a review of game examples. In this case, examine the toss of coins. To determine the probability of an event occurring in a coin toss, first calculate the number of sample points using the formula 2n where n is the number of sample spaces. In this case, the concept of the binomial theorem is used to determine the probability of an event occurring in the toss of a coin. The binomial theorem is very helpful in determining the probability of an event. Because it is very easy to determine the probability of an event is very rarely done.


Assuring optimal performance, adaptability and overall coal yard competitiveness means more than just avoiding catastrophe. Increasing use of subbituminous coal requires better understanding of coal transfers, storage and Powder River Basin/bituminous coal blends. Introducing PRB coal increases susceptibility to spontaneous combustion so spillage and dust become larger issues. Coal yard risk overviews, such as Benetech's Risk Index, are emerging. Benetech's steps for evaluating fire and efficiency requires: identifying variables; establishing 'best-in-class' remedies; implementing performance standards; and monitoring progress with reevaluation techniques. The article explains these steps. 2 photos.


Tests the hypothesis that ethnocentrism in the Netherlands increased, 1985-1991, among disadvantaged groups but decreased among the more privileged groups, based on 1990 interviews with a sample (N not provided) drawn from a 1985 public opinion survey. Analysis reveals that ethnocentrism increased for both higher & lower socioeconomic groups, indicating a decrease in the tolerance level of Dutch social culture. Several possible explanations are reviewed, including theories about scapegoats & the removal of social taboos on criticizing other groups. 47 References. Adapted from the source document.


Objective
To summarize the effect of en bloc kidney transplantation (EBKT) from cardiac deceased infant donors into adult recipients and to share a new simplified EBKT technique.

Methods
Fourteen dual kidneys from infant donors (9 males, and 5 females) were transplanted into adult recipients (3 males, and 11 females). The donor ages ranged from 17 days to 8 months, and the recipient ages ranged from 19 years to 61 years. The recipients were categorized into 2 groups in terms of the microvascular surgical techniques. Case 1 to case 9 was given traditional techniques and case 10 to case 14 simplified techniques. In detail, the dual kidneys were recovered en bloc with the aorta and inferior vena cava. After splitting the rear wall of the donor aorta and inferior vena cava, suitable size of patches were made by cutting along the vascular openings of renal arteries and renal veins. We anastomosed the aorta patch to the external iliac artery in an end-to-side fashion. The donor inferior vena cava patch was anastomosed to the external iliac vein in an end-to-side fashion. The distal ends of ureters were implanted into the bladder separately.

Results
In traditional group, two cases underwent peri-operative graft loss because of renal artery thrombosis, and one patient died of pneumonia 16 days post-operation. During the follow-up period, graft loss was seen in 2 patients caused by irreversible drug-induced nephrotoxicity and donor-derived malignant tumor respectively. The mean serum creatinine level was 81.7±27.4 μmol/L and eGFR level was 82.5±22.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the other EBKT recipients at 24th week post-operation. In simplified group, no vascular complications post-operation occurred.

Conclusion
En bloc infant kidneys could be transplanted into adult recipients successfully with excellent graft function and survival outcome while censored perioperative patient death and surgical failure. Instead of traditional EBKT technique, simplified EBKT technique could decrease the incidence of surgical vascular complications and should be applied to more recipients.

Key words:
Infant; Donor; Dual kidney transplant; En bloc transplant


The effects of oxygenated lanosterol derivatives (1-27, 5μM) including 32-oxygenated lanosterol derivatives on cholesterol biosyntheiss from [24, 25-3H2]-24, 25-dihydrolanosterol (18μM) were tested in 10000×g supernatant (S-10) fraction of rat liver homogenate. Among the derivatives, 7-oxolanost-8-en-3β-ol (7-oxo-DHL), 3β-acetoxylanost-8-en-7-one (7-oxo-DHL-3-OAc), and 7-oxolanosta-5, 8, 11-trien-3β-ol were highly active in depression cholesterol biosynthesis from 24, 25-dyhydrolanosterol. The inhibitory activities of these derivatives on cholesterol synthesis are discussed on the basis of the position and stereochemistry of the oxygen functional groups on the sterol nucleus. The effect of aphidicolin on cholesterol synthesis was also compared with that of 7-oxo-DHL.


Dissatisfied with the existing theoretical account of the effects of presence on the mode of information processing (i.e., heuristic vs. systematic processing) and how this leads to persuasion in the context of mediated communication, the current study suggests an alternative framework that could provide an efficient and reasonable way of understanding the underlying psychological mechanism of the presence effects on persuasion. Drawing on presence theory, construal level theory, and the dual process model of persuasion, this study proposes a conceptual model that posits construal level as a key variable that mediates the effects of presence on the mode of information processing. Specifically, on the basis of the conceptual overlap between psychological distance and presence, which are respectively represented as key constructs in construal level theory and presence theory, this study proposes that a sense of presence has the potential to replace the role of psychological distance in the construal level theory and consequently prime a certain level of construal (i.e., the extent to which people's thinking is abstract or concrete). Additionally, the conceptual similarity between the construal level in the construal level theory and the dual process model is supposed to lead people to apply the primed level of construal in processing information. In this framework, construal level is posited as a key factor that could mediate the relationship between the degree to which people experience a sense of presence and the mode of information processing. This study also attempts to provide a theoretical understanding of how this framework will serially influence the formation of trust and persuasion (i.e., behavioral intention). Guided by the empirical evidence from earlier studies, heuristic and systematic processing are predicted to respectively increase the degree to which people form affective trust towards brand and cognitive trust towards advertising product information. Consequently, persuasion is predicted to occur through both cognitive trust towards advertising product information and affective trust towards brand, as affect and cognition are intertwined. In order to validate this conceptual model, a two (ad presentation mode: video vs. text) x two (ad type: location-based advertising vs. traditional advertising) between-subjects experiment (N = 180) was conducted in a recent advertising context―i.e., location-based advertising. Consistent with the predictions based on this framework, the results showed that construal level plays a significant role in mediating the effects of presence and social presence on the mode of information processing. In addition, the amount of heuristic and systematic processing, determined by the construal level primed by a sense of presence and social presence, was positively associated with the degree to which people form affective trust towards brand and cognitive trust towards advertising product information. Consequently, both affective trust towards brand and cognitive trust towards advertising product information, formed through heuristic and systematic processing, positively influenced participants' behavioral (purchase) intention. Through partial least squares structural equation modeling, this framework was statistically validated. Further theoretical implications of this framework are discussed.


This report is going to discuss about problem, which is based on the writer?s observation that occurred between service and kitchen in Rasa Senang Restaurant. The problems occurred because there is a lot of differentiation between kitchen staff and service staff. The writer tried to solve the problems or the conflict with Total Quality Management approach, because with this approach the Rasa Senang Restaurant has a lot of benefit, like increasing the employee performance. To know what kind of problems that Rasa Senang Restaurant has, the writer tried to conduct some observation, this observation take place in kitchen areas and service areas, and the writer tried to collect the restaurant revenue?s report to know how far the strategy of Rasa Senang Restaurant has done. At the end of this report the writer tried to solve the conflict in Rasa Senang Restaurant, which is based on Total Quality Management approach, and the writer hope that with the solving problems it can minimize the conflict which is appeared in Rasa Senang Restaurant.


A novel series of six chiral Schiff base complexes of Copper(II) were synthesized in good yields by involving six different Schiff bases as intermediate. The synthetic route leading to the title compounds is commenced from commercially available ortho-phthalaldehyde and orthoaminobenzaldehyde. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized complexes were elucidated by their IR, H NMR, C NMR, mass and ESR spectral data and elemental analysis. Further, all the target complex compounds have been used to estimate their role as oxidizing catalyst in organic synthesis of different compounds.


Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables worldwide. Tomato productivity is limited by, among other factors, biotic constraints including root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) which lower both quality and quantity of the crop. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya, to evaluate effects of fresh organic manure and slender leaf (Crotalaria brevidens var. brevidens Benth.) intercrop on management of root-knot nematode during tomato production as well as establish their effect on tomato growth and yield. Variables measured were nematode infestation, plant height,  stem collar diameter, number of internodes and branches, number of fruits, and fresh fruit weight. Use of fresh organic manure and slender leaf intercrop suppressed the nematode population by 27.8% to 53.5% reduction and significantly increased tomato fruit numbers by 22.2% to 49.7% and fresh fruit weight by 24.5% to 80.4% when used alone or in combinations compared to the control treatment. The combination of fresh goat dung and slender leaf intercrop resulted in the highest reduction in nematode population of 53.5%  and highest increase in total number of fruits of 49.7% and fresh fruit weight of  80.4%.


The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 protects its citizens by guaranteeing some fundamental rights. It is, however, a matter of great concern that these rights do not cover the "right to access the necessities of life like access to clean water, food, clothing, shelter, and medicine etc". It, thus, leads imperfection of the constitutional rights. Therefore, this study aims to highlight this gap by evaluating the constitutional fundamental rights in the light of the necessities of life. This study concludes that lack of access to the necessities of life has made the people least concern towards the national issues and development of the country. Hence, this paper recommends filling up this gap and to incorporate the "right to access to the necessities of life" in the Constitution 1973.


The design of shaped-beam antennas suitable for satellite broadcasting and satellite communication is described. The method employs an optimisation search routine in which the reflector shape is varied and the antenna far-field is compared at sample points to the desired far-field. Three examples are given corresponding to the CONDOR, EUTELSAT 2 and AFSAT Satellites. In the latter it is found that two feeds are needed in order to meet the specification and their excitation is included in the search in addition to the reflector shape. As far as is known this is the first time a shaped reflector and a small array have been used together to meet intricate pattern requirements.


Comparison is made of the Dyer, Truog and Morgan tests for available phosphate in soils using long-term fertilizer trial plots. All three tests recorded the cumulative effects of annual applications of superphosphate and the more marked effects of dung; however, the actual values indicated by the tests differed. The Truog and Morgan methods, but not the Dyer test, reflected the depressive effect of ammonium sulphate and the beneficial effect of lime on phosphate availability. Test data are compared with the recovery of phosphate by a flax crop. A seasonal variation in the available phosphate in soil was indicated, notably by the Morgan and Truog tests: it was more marked in plots receiving annual dressings of superphosphate than in those receiving dung, untreated controls occupying an intermediate position in this respect.


SUMMARY Cervical specimens were collected from1688women attending a gynaecological clinic forinduced abortion between February andDecember 1978. Thirteen (077'!7) women had positive culture results forNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Amongthose women whohada completed family orwhocame fromoutside Rotterdam orfromoutside theneighbouring Rijnmond area,the isolation ratewas verylow.Noneofthewomen withpositive culture results developed salpingitis after abortion; allofthemhadbeentreated prophylactically withtetracycline. No reasonsappear toexist forconsidering women who seekabortions tobeina high-risk groupforcervical gonorrhoea. Whetheror notantibiotic prophylaxis shouldbegivenfortheprevention of salpingitis following abortion requires further study ofpotentially pathogenic micro-organisms inhabiting thevagina andcervix ofwomen applying forabortion.


Our geriatric nutrition program has demonstrated that an individualized, varied diet that includes foods of varying consistencies can be extremely effective in overcoming serious feeding problems in the elderly. The diet is not only more aesthetically pleasing than tional mechanical or pureed diets but also encourages self-feeding by offering a variety of soft finger foods. This diet was developed to meet specific feeding disabilities that can lead to the malnutrition that is so often seen in regressed and severely demented patients. But its greatest benefit is the increase in selfesteem and independence experienced by the patients who participate in the program.


The risks in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic for the enterprises and economy of Ukraine, which include external and internal risks, havebeen studied. It is noted that so far there is no effective mechanism for compensation of losses from quarantine restrictions to businesses andemployees and, unfortunately, there is no clear vision of the implementation of anti-crisis strategy of economic development in such conditions. Thethematic issue of the Consensus Forecast was studied and the risk assessment analysis for enterprises and the economy of Ukraine was carried out onthe basis of a survey of experts and youth. It is noted that the curtailment of Ukrainian enterprises can have devastating systemic consequences for thenational economy, namely: declining GDP and deteriorating macroeconomic imbalances, destabilization of the banking system due to insolvency ofbusiness entities, rising unemployment, increasing receivables and payables. Perspective directions of activity of the enterprises in the conditions of apandemic are defined, the basic of which is digitalization of economy and business processes which growth rates are insignificant from 1% to 5%. Atthe same time, the positive trends of digitalization will prevail in the following areas: financial, insurance, retail trade, healthcare. It is noted that theimpact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of processes for automation of production and implementation of digital technologies inUkraine will be uneven. The main measures to support the activities of Ukrainian enterprises by the state are identified, including the implementationof the anti-crisis Action Plan to support entrepreneurship in quarantine and economic recovery, promoting the preservation and expansion of marketsfor enterprises in conditions of restrictions, implementation of measures to prevent corruption, simplification of tax administration, stimulation ofdigital transformations.


To improve the diagnosis accuracy of conventional dissolved gas analysis (DGA) approaches, this paper proposes an evolutionary programming (EP) based fuzzy system development technique to identify the incipient faults of the power transformers. In comparison to results of the conventional DGA and artificial neural network (ANN) classification methods, the proposed method has been verified to possess superior performance both in developing the diagnosis system and in identifying the practical transformer fault cases.


Introduction: Surface of Venus is dominated with volcanic landforms indicative of basaltic volcanism [e.g., 1]. This interpretation is supportted by the direct Venera-Vega measurements in 7 sites: the GRS analyses of K, U, and Th (5 sites) and the XRFS analyses of and Cl (3 sites) [2]. We consider these results comparing them with the appropriate compositional data for the Earth, the Moon, Mars and meteorites as it was done by [3]. Since that early study, new approach for comparisons with the Earth data was developed: only water-unaltered terrestrial samples are considered [4-6] and new data on Mars, the Moon and meteorites were acquired [e.g., 7, 8]. Although the analyzed Venusian materials represent the uppermost surface layer affected by the atmosphere-surface interactions, theoretical considerations show that in this process all mentioned above elements are inert [9] so we can make unbiased comparisons with magmatic rocks of other bodies. K, U and Th: Because for Mars Odyssey GRS measurements only K and Th contents are now available [7], emphasis here is on the K-Th systematics. Figure 1 is a K-Th plot representing the Venera-Vega data on the background of a number of planetary and meteorite data [4-8]. The figure shows overlapping fields and similar trends for Earth, Mars and Venus. Lunar and HED achondrites (Vesta?) compositions show distinct depletion in volatile potassium. The Ve-nusian compositions (Venera 8, 9, 10, Vega 1, 2) are geochemically evolved sharing levels of K, U and Th contents with Earth' island arc and hot spot rocks (even with hot spot alkaline rocks – Venera 8) [10]. Petrogenic elements. For them, trends of the equilibrium crystallization of magmas with the Venera 13, 14 and Vega 2 compositions were calculated and plotted on the composition fields of the Earth oceanic crust rocks (Figure 2). The trends were calculated using the KOMAGMAT program [11]. It is seen from Figure 2 that Venera 13 trends fit compositions typical of hot spots alkalines (like Venera 8 in K-U-Th sys-tematics). The Vega 2 trends fit compositions typical of the island arc tholeiites and the Venera 14 trends fit compositions typical of MORBs [10]. Discussion and conclusions: Similarity of K-Th trends for Earth, Mars and Venus composition fields suggests compositional similarities in these planets' accreting materials and similarities in these planets' melting-crystallization processes. The SNC data are


The strong Coulomb repulsion between electrons in semiconductors can be reduced considerably in very thin films by ''image'' forces. The conditions required for an attractive effective interaction between electrons are discussed. 4 refs.


How can citizen science projects advance the achievement of transformative air quality-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Germany and Niger? We investigate the promise of using citizen-generated data (CGD) as an input for official SDG monitoring and implementation in a multidisciplinary project, based on activities undertaken in Niger and Germany ranging from surveys, action research, policy and legislative analysis and environmental monitoring in Niamey and Leipzig, respectively. We critically describe and evaluate the great potential, but very limited actual use of CGD sources for these global goals in both contexts from technical and policy perspectives. Agenda 2030 provides an opportunity to tackle indoor and outdoor air quality in a more integrated and transformative perspective. However, we find this agenda to be remarkably absent in air quality policy and monitoring plans. Likewise, we find no meaningful links of existing citizen science initiatives to official air quality policy. We propose how SDGs-aligned citizen science initiatives could make major contributions to environmental and health monitoring and public debate, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This however requires researchers to more strategically link these initiatives to policymakers and policy frameworks, such as SDG indicators and the governance structures in which they are embedded.


Above all, David Robie's Don't Spoil My Beautiful Face: Media, Mayhem and Human Rights in the Pacific is a damning indictment of the parlous state of affairs in parts of this region. The book is also a telling account of the continuous failure of leadership on a fairly grand scale, with ordinary people bearing the brunt of it.


Constructed wetlands have become popular as a wastewater treatment method in recent years.In this paper,the applications of this technology on river water purification and its treatment effect and advantages were introduced.The main factors affecting purification effect such as wetland plants,packing,climatic condition and the wetland structure were compared,analyzed and summarized.Finally,the future application of constructed wetland to treat river water was prospected.


An exhaust gas treatment method of the present invention the first mist for supplying water or an aqueous solution in the first liquid with ozone in more than 150 ℃ exhaust gas containing NOx, and the water drops of the first liquid floating in the exhaust gas containing the ozone gas in that it comprises the step of generating the features. In addition, in the exhaust gas after passing through the exhaust gas processing method of the first mist of the present invention, by spraying a second liquid in the reducing agent aqueous solution it may further comprise a step of generating a second mist.


An efficient synthesis of 7-amino-9-hydroxy-6-oxo-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carbonitrile derivatives ( 2 , 6 ) and 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile ( 5 ) via Claisen condensation of 2-hydroxyacetophenones ( 1 , 3 ) with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of sodium metal is reported. Reaction of 5 with thiosemicarbazide gave 1-(3-cyano-4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1(2 H )-yl)thiourea ( 7 ). Treatment of 5 with 6,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4 H -chromene-3-carboxaldehyde gave 4-(2-(6,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4 H -chromen-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxo-2 H -chromene-3-carbonitrile ( 9 ). Further treatment of 5 with ethyl acetate followed by condensation with 6,8-dichloro-3-formylchromone gave 7-((6,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4 H -chromen-3-yl)methyleneamino)-9-hydroxy-6H-benzo[ c ]chromen-6-one ( 12 ). Structures of the products were established on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, mass spectra and semi-empirical AM1-MO calculations. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized products were also studied.


The structure of nanoclusters is complex to describe due to their noncrystallinity, even though bonding and packing constraints limit the local atomic arrangements to only a few types. A computational scheme is presented to extract coordination motifs from sample atomic configurations. The method is based on a clustering analysis of multipole moments for atoms in the first coodination shell. Its power to capture large-scale structural properties is demonstrated by scanning through the ground state of the Lennard-Jones and C$_{60}$ clusters collected at the Cambridge Cluster Database.


2,5-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) is an important biomass-based platform chemical that can be derived from the hydrogenation of biomass-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In this paper, the formation of BHMF from HMF via the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) process, using isopropanol as the hydrogen source and Ru/Co3O4 as the catalyst, was studied. The results revealed that the Ru/Co3O4 catalyst displayed a high catalytic efficiency, and that a BHMF yield of up to 82% was obtained at 190 °C in 6 h. Moreover, it was found that the recovered Ru/Co3O4 exhibited a similar catalytic activity to the pristine Ru/Co3O4 catalyst. These results supported the conclusion that the present CTH process is an attractive green route for the synthesis of BHMF from biomass-based HMF.


This investigation consists of only initial report of foraging activity of honeybee for collection of nectar and pollen. Foraging activity of honeybee is directly proportional to plant productivity up to certain extent Four species of bee viz., Apis dorsata, Apis florea, Apis mellifera, and Apis cerana were observed for foraging on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) flowers during the flowering period. In early variety of pigeonpea Pusa-33 the number of foragers were higher as compared to the late variety MS 3783. Pusa-33 provided nectar and pollen as food source and raw materials for beekeeping industry during the lean period. The highest number of foragers have been recorded between 11 AM to 2 PM.


Network interface suitable for high-speed network. The interface isolation circuit includes a transformer, the transformer comprising two primary and two secondary windings. Each line of the primary coil constituting the litz wire may be composed of the secondary coil. The two coils can then be wound together on a common core. The transformer may be connected to a common mode choke. The isolation circuit may be packaged such that the transformer and the coil in a line, which is arranged in parallel for the plurality of isolation circuits. The interface circuit may be packaged may be applied to the connector housing in the high-speed performance. The housing can accommodate a plurality of parallel isolation circuit. The housing may further comprise a contact mating portion, wherein the mating contacts for the signal conductors of each pair of members positioned along the same side of the chamber.


Exposure to predator scent (PS) has been used aa a model of stress associated with danger to life and body integrity. We tested the hypothesis that repeated PS exposure alters the excitability of 5-HT neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus. To study the mechanisms involved, we approached serum and adrenal corticosterone and aldosterone concentrations, as well as cortical brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Adult male Sprague-Dawleys rats were exposed to PS for ten minutes daily for ten consecutive days. Two weeks after the last exposure, the selected electrophysiological and biochemical assessments were performed. Measurements by in vivo electrophysiology showed increased spontaneous firing activity of 5-HT neurons in rats exposed to repeated PS. Repeated PS exposure resulted in reduced serum corticosterone and aldosterone concentrations. Concentrations of both corticosteroids in the adrenal glands, as well as the relative weight of the adrenals, were unaffected. The gene expression of hippocampal BDNF of rats exposed to PS remained unaltered. In conclusion, repeated exposure of rats to PS leads to enhanced firing activity of 5HT neurons accompanied by reduced serum, but not adrenal aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations. Reduced corticosteroid concentrations in the blood appear to be the result of increased metabolism and/or tissue uptake. The decrease in circulating corticosterone in rats experienced repeated PS may represent part of the mechanisms leading to increased excitability of 5-HT neurons. The increase in 5-HT neuronal firing activity might be an important compensatory mechanism designated to diminish the harmful effects of the repeated PS exposure on the brain.


1 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China, 3 Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, Department of Production Medicine and Science, Section of Experimental Bio-Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway


The solid amine sorbent for CO{sub 2} capture process has advantages of simplicity and low operating cost compared to the MEA (monoethanolamine) process. Solid amine sorbents reported so far suffered from either low CO{sub 2} capture capacity or low stability. The solid amine sorbent developed in this project exhibited more than 3.2 mmol/g and degraded less than 10% even after 500 cycles of heating and cooling in absence of steam. The presence of steam further enhanced CO{sub 2} capture capacity. The cost of the sorbent is estimated to be less than $7.00/lb. This sorbent was developed using the results of in situ infrared spectroscopic study. Infrared results showed that CO{sub 2} adsorbs on TEPA (tetraethylenepentamine)/PEG (polyethylene glycol) as carbamates and bicarbonates. The CO{sub 2} adsorption capacity and oxidation resistance of the amine sorbent can be enhanced by the interactions between NH{sub 2} of TEPA molecules with the OH group of PEG molecules. PEG was also found to be effectively disperse and immobilize the aromatic amines for SO{sub 2} adsorption. The infrared study also showed that SiO{sub 2} is a significantly better support than zeolites due to its proper hydrophobicity. The results of this study led to the development of amore » high performance solid amine sorbent under simulated gas flow condition in a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a metal monolith unit. This study showed heat transfer could become a major technical issue in scaling up a fixed bed adsorber. The use of the fluidized bed and metal monoliths can alleviate the heat transfer issue. The metal monolith could be suitable for small scale applications due to the high cost of manufacturing; the fluidized bed mode would be most suitable for large scale applications. Preliminary economic analysis suggested that the Akron solid amine process would cost 45% less than that of MEA process.« less


Scenery considered as space in which nature coexist itself as well as human intervention on both individual and collective perception of that space, constitutes one of the tools to be incorporated into local territorial zoning plans, depending upon visual fragility of landscape unit analyzed, activities can be established according to each of the zones that make up the territory. This research assess visual fragility scenery at rural parish of Riobamba city, province of Chimborazo. Landscape unit observed of 2,392 hectares out of a total of 2,927 hectares, which includes greenhouses also. A field data collection was carried out, in which landscape unit was delimited through geographical position data gathering using geographic information systems GIS tools and finally applying a model for assessment of landscape visual fragility including features such as: vegetation and land use, slope, orientation, accessibility, size, form, compactness and relative height of the observed landscape. Greenhouses for agricultural production are incidental elements of extrinsic fragility of landscape but it is not a determining one since this depends on interaction of several elements. The present study includes zoning of landscape units of entire territory at San Luis Parish with the purpose of helping parochial territorial ordering plan focused on determining potential land uses.


Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems aim to provide advance warnings of impending strong ground shaking. Many EEW systems are based on a strategy in which precise and rapid estimates of source parameters, such as hypocentral location and moment magnitude (Mw), are used in a ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) to predict the strength of ground motion. For large earthquakes with long rupture duration, the process is repeated, and the prediction is updated in accordance with the growth of Mw during the ongoing rupture. However, in some regions near the causative fault this approach leads to late warnings, because strong ground motions often occur during earthquake ruptures before Mw can be confirmed. Mw increases monotonically with elapsed time and reaches its maximum at the end of rupture, and ground motion predicted by a GMPE similarly reaches its maximum at the end of rupture, but actual generation of strong motion is earlier than the end of rupture. A time gap between maximum Mw and strong-motion generation is the first factor contributing to late warnings. Because this time gap exists at any point of time during the rupture, a late warning is inherently caused even when the growth of Mw can be monitored in real time. In the near-fault region, a weak subevent can be the main contributor to strong ground motion at a site if the distance from the subevent to the site is small. A contribution from a weaker but nearby subevent early in the rupture is the second factor contributing to late warnings. Thus, an EEW strategy based on rapid estimation of Mw is not suitable for near-fault regions where strong shaking is usually recorded. Real-time monitoring of ground motion provides direct information for real-time prediction for these near-fault locations.


Weihong Bao's Fiery Cinema: The Emergence of an Affective Medium in China 1915-1945 innovatively combines a rigorously researched history of cinema in early 20th-century China with audacious theorizations on reception and spectatorship, affect theory, and media genealogy. Bao's ambitious study aims to integrate elusive dynamics and intangible materials into a historical reconstruction of Chinese cinema's numerous permutations from the silent era to World War II. While performing close readings of contemporary media theory, Chinese film reviews and journals, and key sequences of surviving films, posters and photographs, Bao also teases out the impact of discourses and practices infrequently seen as cinematic. Her case studies, in fact, cover an eclectic range of objects and contexts including irretrievably lost films, affective and somatic structures of experience, hypnotism, peep shows, glass architecture, and performative displays of destruction. Consequently, while this study is firmly entrenched within contemporary academic discourses on modern China, Bao's innovative and exacting rethinking of key categories of analysis in the humanities such as medium, affect, intermediality and spectatorship should resonate across a vast range of scholarly disciplines.


Fault-tolerant distributed systems often contain complex error handling code. Such code is hard to test or model-check because there are often too many possible failure scenarios to consider. As we will demonstrate in this paper, formal methods have evolved to a state in which it is possible to generate this code along with correctness guarantees. This paper describes our experience with building highly-available databases using replication protocols that were generated with the help of correct-by-construction formal methods. The goal of our project is to obtain databases with unsurpassed reliability while providing good performance. We report on our experience using a total order broadcast protocol based on Paxos and specified using a new formal language called Event ML. We compile Event ML specifications into a form that can be formally verified while simultaneously obtaining code that can be executed. We have developed two replicated databases based on this code and show that they have performance that is competitive with popular databases in one of the two considered benchmarks.


Extracting micro-scale spectral features from dynamic blood glucose concentrations is extremely difficult when using non-invasive measurement methods. This work proposes a new machine-learning method based on near-infrared spectroscopy, a deep belief network (DBN), and a support vector machine to improve prediction accuracy. First, the standard oral glucose tolerance test was used to collect near-infrared spectroscopy and actual blood glucose concentration values for specific wavelengths (1200, 1300, 1350, 1450, 1600, 1610, and 1650 nm); the blood glucose concentrations were within a clinical range of 70 ∼ 220 mg dl−1. Second, based on the DBN model, high-dimensional deep features of the non-invasive blood glucose spectrum were extracted. These were used to establish a support vector regression (SVR) model and to quantitatively analyze the influence of the spectral sample size and corresponding feature dimensions (i.e. DBN structure) on prediction accuracy. Finally, based on data from six volunteers, a comparative analysis of the SVR model's prediction accuracy was performed both before and after using high-dimensional deep features. For volunteer 1, when the DBN-based high-dimensional deep features were used, the root mean square error of the SVR model was reduced by 71.67%, and the correlation coefficient (R 2) and the P value of the Clark grid analysis (P) were increased by 13.99% and 6.28%, respectively. Moreover, we had similar results when the proposed method was carried out on the data of other volunteers. The results show that the presented algorithm can play an important role in dynamic non-invasive blood glucose concentration prediction and can effectively improve the accuracy of the SVR model. Further, by applying the algorithm to six independent sets of data, this research also illustrates the high-precision regression and generalization capabilities of the DBN-SVR algorithm.


Optimized experiments of spinning processing parameters as optimization of roving set weight、form of draft,draft factor in rear drafting area,roller gauge,pressure of rubber roll and front rubber roll forward position are done in this paper.The result shows that the unevenness of JC 3.6 tex cotton yarn can be controlled to less them 17.5 % by use of heavy set weight of roving,reasonable spinning draft technology,smaller front roller gauge,larger back roller gauge,suitable pressure and forward front rubber roll's position and using pressure bar gauge.


Epoxy resins (EP) have been commonly used, but their poor flame retardant properties have prevented their widespread use. In order to improve the flame retardant properties of EP, an organic-inorganic composite flame retardant (HKDC) containing multi-element P/N/Si was successfully synthesized in this work using a typical aldehyde amine condensation reaction. This flame retardant utilizes the synergistic effect of multiple elements to simultaneously perform the flame retardant function of each element, and it can achieve excellent flame retardant effect by using low addition amount in EP. At the same time, this flame retardant can not only reduce the migration of molecules through the structure of inorganic substances, but also the C = C reaction in EP can form large molecules and increase the compactness with the EP matrix. The flame retardants were then quantified by measuring their flame retardant properties, combustion behavior and thermal stability. When the flame retardant HKDC is added, the flame retardant performance of EP is improved and the vertical combustion test achieves a V-0 rating. Most importantly, the addition of flame retardant HKDC effectively suppressed the toxic gas and smoke emissions of EP, with TSP values much lower than those of pure EP, and CO and CO2 emissions were suppressed.


The influence of word meanings on lexical processing in 2nd-, 3nd-, and 5th-grade high- and low-skill readers was examined. Two experiments examined the relationship between semantic correlates of word concreteness (specifically, rated imageability and context availability) and lexical processing speed and accuracy. Rated context availability was a significant predictor of lexical decision times and word reading accuracy beyond nonsemantic factors. However, context-availability effects were larger in young and low-skill readers. Thus, the ability to retrieve the meanings of low-context-availability words easily is an important component in the development of skilled reading.


The author hereby grants to MITpermission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Introduction New materials are being developing each year that could revolutionize the world. However, while development of novel materials in the lab brings us one step closer to next latest-and-greatest innovation, the following and perhaps similarly difficult step requires bringing these materials to the world market. Indeed, "although U.S. firms have invested the majority of materials introduced over the past half-century, they have failed to commercialize many of these innovations" (Eagar, 98). For a material introduction to be successful, it will be useful to understand the trends involved within the market for such an introduction and for continuing survival. This study lays the groundwork for understanding world demand by using primary source data to analyze market forces that have affected the world production of materials in the past. Because this study targets variables that do and do not affect materials production, the potential future developments from this study will be useful not only for materials introductions but also to new materials that are already to the marketplace, to people who produce those materials, and to people who recycle those materials. Indeed, the ability to forecast future material production needs will increase worldwide economic efficiency. This study focuses on structural materials, specifically, steel, aluminum, cobalt, and cement. Because there is a sizeable history of materials production for structural staples like steel and aluminum, the data can be used to determine patterns in materials usage from introduction to market acceptance to common usage. This study begins by introducing a model for materials introductions and their respective recycling curves. It continues by analyzing the production curve for steel in the U.S., explaining the seemingly unpredictable variations from a historical perspective. The study continues by analyzing influences that have affected the world production of materials in the past, and then works to decipher to world material production curves. Because major world events occur continually, understanding which of those events will likely affect future materials production through an analysis of the past will aid the industry in operating efficiently. This study also analyzes population growth with respect to material production, as well as suggesting one way in which asymmetries in More Developed Region growth and Less Developed Region growth can affect the …


ABSTRACT The role of the supraesophageal ganglion (SEG) and the optic ganglia in the eyestalks (ES) on the control of respiratory metabolism and osmoregulation was examined in a fresh-water shrimp, Macrobrachium potiuna. Results suggested that a factor(s) which depresses the total O2 consumption is present in SEG and ES extracts and in the hemolymph of M. potiuna. The extracts also modified the osmolality and the concentration of major ionic species in the hemolymph. In vitro experiments corroborated the above findings. Muscle metabolism was markedly depressed by a factor(s) present in SEG and ES extracts as well as in the hemolymph of M. potiuna adapted to fresh water or exposed to high salinity. This effect probably offsets the tendency to a high O, consumption at low and high salinities as observed in intact animals. Additionally, SEG extracts can either stimulate or inhibit gill metabolism. These results agree with the effects noted in whole animal osmoregulatory response. A preliminary inspection suggests that the molecule(s) involved in such effects is heat stable and chymotripsin-sensitive. The compensatory response which results from its action is possibly retained from movement from marine to fresh-water adaptation.


In recent years, the use of coronary functional evaluation derived by fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment has been recommended by several mainstream guidelines. Typically, FFR > 0.80 in coronary artery indicates the lesions do not affect the coronary blood flow. Therefore, instead of PCI treatment, intensive drug therapy might be more beneficial. However, some lesions with an FFR > 0.80 still progress during the course of follow-up, with increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Additionally, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and non-LAD lesions with an FFR > 0.80 show different characteristics of progress. Here, we present a highly representative case of coronary artery disease with PCI treatment guided by FFR, hoping that will enable a more in-depth understanding of FFR.  We describe a 55-year-old male patient who first experienced persistent angina pectoris in a resting state nine years ago in 2011. He smoked 20 cigarettes a day for 30 years, suffered from hyperlipidemia and regularly used rosuvastatin 10 mg once a day for one year. His father was diagnosed with coronary heart disease at the age of 40 years. The electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation and ST-segment depression in corresponding leads (Figure 1). He had elevated troponin T and creatine kinase-myocardial band, and was diagnosed with acute inferior myocardial infarction. Acute angiography showed total occlusion of the distal right coronary artery (RCA) which was considered the culprit lesion. An intermediate lesion in the mid-RCA, and diffused long intermediate lesions in the LAD and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) were also observed. A drug-eluting stent was successfully placed in the distal-RCA during primary PCI, while FFR and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) evaluations for LAD and LCX were performed five days later. The LCX evaluation showed a distal intracoronary pres-


Spectrophotometric determination of U(VI) and Th(IV) by Flow injection method is described. Chrome Azurol S forms water soluble complexes with U(VI) and Th(IV) in the presence of cethyltrimethylammonium bromide. The maximum adsorption of U(VI) and Th(IV) complexes are at 600nm with molar absorptivity of and 611nm with molar absorptivity of in acetate buffer medium having pH 5.0 and 5.5. The calibration curves of U(VI) and Th(IV) are linear over the range of 0.1~0.8ppm and the correlation coefficients are ca. 0.9960 and 0.9930 respectively. The detection limits(S/N) are 20ppb for U(VI) and 15ppb for Th(IV). The relative standard deviation are for U(VI) and for Th(IV). The sample throughput was ca. .


Abstract Remembering is a crucial undertaking of modern cultural heritage studies. Preserving, restoring, respecting, recognizing — however we frame our activities, all of these infer that our major responsibility to communities both living and dead as heritage professionals is to assure that some aspect of their lives survive them to attest to their presence on the globe. In recent years this obligation has been translated into archaeological activism — a field that has only just begun to make a difference in the Middle East. I discuss one project that took place over a decade ago to commemorate the Palestinian villages at Imwas/Emmaus, from which hundreds were forcibly evacuated during the 1967 Israeli-Arab War. While the effort itself cannot be counted as a success, it was unique at the time and represents something of a 'gray beginning' for what has become a decade of archaeological activism in the region. This article discusses the struggle to obtain recognition for the three villages of Imwas, Yalou and Beit Nouba, the results of the struggle, and the lessons it represents for similar undertakings that have followed it.


A new approach to the simulation of a matched load for the characterisation of multiport passive microstrip structures is introduced. The approach, implemented with the integral equation technique and the method of moments, numerically simulates a matched load termination at an output port of a microstrip structure and allows the full determination of S-parameters through simple postprocessing of the standing wave at the input side. Its implementation, computed results, and experimental verification for some microstrip structures are presented.


BACKGROUND
 Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has severely affected a large number of people from all over the world. At present, there is no medicine available for its treatment. Adopting preventive measures to limit the spread of infection among the people is the best solution to this global health issue. The identification of infected cases and their isolation from healthy people is one of the essential preventive measures. In this regard, screening of the samples from a large number of people is needed, which requires many reagent kits for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Data of COVID-19 testing for the screening purposes from various countries revealed that most of the tests were negative. Based on this data, the smart pooling of samples will reduce the kit consumption without affecting the outcome.

 OBJECTIVE
 The main objective is to find out an effective method for the conduction of maximum testing for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis with less utilization of reagent kits.

 METHODS
 The available data of COVID-19 testing from different countries were evaluated by applying the simulators for the calculation of smart pooled sample testing size.

 RESULTS
 The simulation results show that the Test to Positive Ratio (TPR) is directly linked with the number of tests needed to test a population of 10,000. It TPR is low, the required number of tests will be low, and if TPR is high, then the required tests will be high. If the TPR is below 30, a significant optimization can be achieved, resulting in performing fewer tests for every 10,000 population. The results also show that if the TPR is below or close to 10, a higher group size is more beneficial. Whereas a group size of 2 might be a better choice if TPR is 15 or above.

 CONCLUSIONS
 The smart pooled sample testing may be a useful strategy in the current prevailing scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic. The application of algorithms to determine the appropriate number of specimens to be pooled for a single test would be a cost-effective solution for the screening of the community.

 CLINICALTRIAL


The paper draws an analysis of the constitutional protection of LGBTI rights in positive text in Brazil. From the perspective of the subaltern cosmopolitan legality, it interrogates whether Brazil's 1988 Constitution protects satisfactorily LGBTI people. To * Editor Responsável: Flávio Quinaud Pedron. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4259444603254002. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-2886. 1 Mestrando em Teoria do Estado e Direito Constitucional pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), com bolsa da CAPES. Bacharel em Direito pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Pesquisador e Gerente do TODXS Núcleo – Centro de Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas LGBTI+ (https://nucleo.todxs.org/). Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6177269032374302. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-8135. 2 Professora Adjunta da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Mestre e Doutoranda em Teoria do Estado e Direito Constitucional pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio). Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3145804659613320. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6467-2357. Rafael Carrano Lelis e Joana de Souza Machado Revista de Direito da Faculdade Guanambi, Guanambi, v. 6, n. 02, e260, jul./dez. 2019 | Página 2 de 25 https://doi.org/10.293/ rdfg.v6i02.254 answer the problem, the investigation is conducted mainly applying survey technique, through which civil society organizations are inquired regarding their understanding of an ideal protection. After the analysis, it concludes that the protection provided by the Brazilian constitution is insufficient, given the absence of several basic specific rights, in the view of the LGBTI movement itself. It also concludes that the overcome of discrimination against LGBTI has to be accomplished through the combination of various fields of knowledge, such as law, education and health.


The current paper describes a repertory grid approach for measuring trait-based self-discrepancies. This novel method is strictly empirical and more parsimonious than extant methods for assessing self-discrepancies on personality dimensions. We demonstrated this approach by measuring discrepancies between the actual, ideal, and ought selves on the Big Five personality traits and then assessing their relationships with measures of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. The results indicated that self-discrepancies on the Big Five personality traits were generally not predictive of psychological well-being. These findings were discussed in the context of previous research and contemporary models that relate self-discrepancies to different emotional states.


Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models have been applied in modeling the relation between conditional variance and asset risk premium. The most important theoretical regularities that govern the dynamic structure of financial time series are presented. A model named Exponential E-GARCH in Mean tests their validity in Athens Stock Exchange. The model fits well in Greek Stock Market, from 31 July 1987 to 30 July 1999, and provides empirical evidence on theoretical regularities. We find evidence for the existence of a positive trade-off (possible non-linear) between stock returns and volatility, the absence of "leverage effects", the thick tailed stock returns distribution, the slower rate information accumulation when the market is closed than when it is open, the existence of positive non-synchronous trading effects and the existence of a long-term memory pattern in stock returns.


We have before us a rather formidable task – we are in need of developing a predictive capability of the space environment of the solar system. Such a capability is required to protect our everincreasing assets in space, and to understand the influence of the Sun on Earth. Such a capability will be essential if we are to send humans forth on long-duration space flights. This is not a problem that can be undertaken haphazardly. The Sun and the space environment of the solar system are an integrated system, which needs to be studied through coordinated missions, coordinated data analysis, and coordinated theory and modeling efforts. And there needs to be a community of dedicated researchers who understand the magnitude of the task and are committed and supported to achieve the required goals. Nothing less will succeed. The complexity of the problem of developing a predictive capability of the space environment of the solar system and the requirements for success will be discussed.


The study analysed the factors affecting watermelon production by watermelon farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A snowball sampling technique was adopted in the selection of forty two watermelon farmers. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson Momment Correlation (PPMC) and factor analysis. Findings showed that 64.3percent of watermelon farmers were found in Ise Ekiti. The mean score of the respondent's age was 39 years, 76.2percent of them were married with 10 years of farming experien commonly grown watermelon variety was sugarbaby, 50percent of them used both personal and hired labour and 45.2 percent produced greater than 20tons/ha of watermelon. Majority of the farmers with mean score (3.79, 3.71, 3.57, 3.60 and 3.31 ) agreed that rainfall, transportation, storage of watermelon, market price of watermelon and Prevalence of pest and watermelon disease were the factors that affects production of watermelon in the study area. The study revealed that lack of capital , poor m perishable nature of watermelon and lack of technology for large scale production with mean score 2.38, 2.19, 2.17 and 2.07 respectively were the serious constraints faced by farmers during the cause of production. PPMC analysis (r=0.047, 0.000, 0 showed that there was significant and positive relationship between years of experience, labour source, farm size, planting of other crops and yield of watermelon. The result of the factor analysis showed that the factors affecting watermel factor, personal/economic factor, climatic/soil factor and infrastructural factor. The foregoing suggests that research institutes should make available improved seeds that are not susceptible to pest and diseases to the grass yield and returns. Copyright@2015 STAR Journal


The rapid development of intensive livestock production systems using confined rearing methods, often close to residential areas, is causing severe environmental problems through the creation of concentrated sources of malodorous animal wastes. Odor problems arise again when the wastes are disposed of by application to agricultural fields. There are at least two needs: predicting concentrations for given source strengths, geometries and weather conditions, needed for planning and hazard assessment, and inferring source strengths from concentrations, needed for regulatory and control purposes.


Objective To understand the status of multi-sexual partners and high risk sexual behavior,and the relationship between high risk sexual behavior and quality of life(QOL),and provide evidences for the effective intervention among men who have sex with men(MSM).Method Cross-sectional analysis was applied to conduct anonymous questionnaire survey among MSM who visited the gay bars in Beijing,Chengdu,Shenyang,Guangzhou,Qingdao,Urumqi and Hefei cities.Results Among the 339 MSM,the average age was 27.81±7.15.All the participants had male sexual partners,the average number was 12.79±12.89,and the average number of female sexual partners was 3.46±4.22 among 127 MSM.The rate of consistent use of condoms was 26.7% and 50.5% during sex with female and male sexual partners,respectively.During the last three sexual behaviors with male and female sexual partners,the condom use rate was 53.6% and 23.6%,respectively.By using linear regression analysis(Backward Method),the QOL regression equation included the variables of the number of life-time male sexual partners,the number of life –time male commercial sexual partners,the high risk behavior with male casual sexual partners in the last three anal intercourses and the high risk behaviors with both male and female sexual partners in the last two months.Conclusion Among the MSM population,the multi-sexual partner and high risk sexual behavior are common,which are related to the QOL,and consequently their mental health should be taken care of so as to reduce the number of sexual partners and high risk sexual behavior.


Motivated by studying translational hulls in semigroups and rings, and also motivated M. Petrich and J. E. Ault's works in inverse semigroups in terms of translational hulls, we attempt in this article to study the idempotents of the translational hull of a type B semigroup. Our main result is to prove that the idempotent set of the translational hull of an arbitrary type B semigroup is isomorphic to the translational hull of the idempotent set of such a semigroup.


Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China


ChengshiQun which is officially translated into urban agglomeration in China is quite different from the concepts such as urban agglomeration that from foreign urban economics study.This concept has unique Chinese characteristic that is idealized and very difficult to define definitely.For the ongoing research of Chinese urbanization,it is pivotal to emphasize the following research topic in this field of study: definition of urban agglomeration,its characteristics,the mechanism of it,the direction and means of optimization as well as matching with the foreign counterpart "urban agglomeration" concept.It can be served as theoretical foundation for the implementation of Chinese urbanization strategy.


Three endemic plants rhizosphere (Astragalus gombo Coss. & Dur., Daucus sahariensis Murb., Ononis angustissima Lam.), were used for actinomycetes isolation. Ninety-three (93) isolates have been screened to evaluate their antagonistic properties against phytopathogenic microorganisms and to determine their biocontrol properties against Fusarium culmorum, especially responsible for several cereal diseases like font's seedlings, rust, and burn of ears. Four (04) isolates (D2, D5, D8, and AST1) have been in vitro tested to determine PGPR effect and biocontrol characters of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Hidhab (HD) variety cultivated in the Murashigue and Skoog (MS) culture medium. The aim of this study is the evaluation of antagonistic isolates of pathogenic fungi F. culmorum, without and within commercial fungicide (Tebuconazole, 60 g/l) solution. Our results showed clearly that these isolates have a significant effect on seed germination and seedling growth. However, results argue that these actinomycetes isolates show a very interesting activity compared to the commercial fungicide. As a result, these bacteria isolates can be used as biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt disease of wheat, which have a beneficial effect on growth parameters.


Continuing our earlier work on write{eecient memories (WEM) we introduce now models, where several persons use the same storage device. At any time instant exactly one of a prescribed set of users has access to the memory, but there is no protocol, which determines the moving order. Among the constraints we analyse the most interesting one is a complete privacy protection. While a user stores new data he has to guarantee that those of the others don't get distorted. This leads to fascinating new coding problems. We provide several code constructions and also abstract performance bounds.


Our study is among the first to examine the net asset value (NAV) inflation practices of fund managers in China, finding that equity funds bolster their portfolios at quarter-end and especially year-end. In support of the NAV inflation hypothesis in China, we further document the following: (1) NAV inflation is more profound for the worst-performing fund managers and (2) the stocks in which fund managers hold larger stakes exhibit a more marked pattern of price inflation around quarter- and year-ends than do other stocks. We also find that closed-end funds in China engage in NAV inflation at quarter- and year-ends.


OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Zhdianling capsule on animal model of thrombocytompenia.METHODS Thrombocytompenia model of mice was made by injecting cytotoxic(CTX 100 mg/(kg·d),ip)for three days and thrombocytompenia model of quinea pigs(ITP)was made by injecting intraperitoneal anti-platelet serum.RESULTS Zidianling capsule increased the peripheral platelet,showing a significant difference from that of control group(P0.01).CONCLUSION Zidianling has a significantly therapeutic effect on thrombocytompenia model induced by CTX in mice and by anti-platelet serum in quinea pigs.


This work aims to explore the possibilities in re-design by using secondhand party-dresses as the main material to construct new garments with a focus on street wear silhouettes. Deconstruction is ...


Policy on service learning is framed in the discourse of reciprocity, partnership and
engagement. It is tasked with transforming higher education to bring about opportunities for
integrating theory and practice, work-based learning and academic learning, so that higher
education engages with knowledge created in other sites of practice. While policy is visionary, conditions on the ground bring to the fore complex challenges
which relate to the nature of partnerships, reciprocity and engagement on the one hand, and
the purposes and practices of higher education on the other. This begs the question, "Can
service learning deliver on its espoused goals?" In this article we argue that critical education
theory provides a lens which researchers and practitioners can use to illuminate the practice
of service learning in higher education. We reflect on our own practice of service learning in
teacher education to show the way in which critical theory can illuminate and expose
imbalances and gaps in the mutuality and partnership promised in policy.


Because the resharpening of an end-cutting-edge of sphere-end-mill-cutter must be completed on five-axis NC tool-grinding machine, a model of four-axisCNC sharpening process is set and error analysis is made, on the basis of which, this model is verified by some experiments.


The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential of mobile money service as an opportunity for the growth of commercial banks in Tanzania.  The study sought to answer the following research questions: What is the contribution of mobile money service in reaching the unbanked in Tanzania? And to what extent mobile money service contributes for the growth of commercial banks in Tanzania? A descriptive research design was used in gathering information from a population of employees of banks, mobiles money services agents and their customers in Iringa municipality. Purposive and convenience sampling design techniques were used to select a representative sample size of 120 from employees of the six banks, mobile money service agents and their customers. The data were collected by using structured questionnaires and analyzed by the use descriptive and inferential statistics whereby Chi-Square, regression analysis, and Pearson correlations were used to test the strength the relationship of variables under study and test the formulated hypotheses of the study. The study revealed that mobile money services have the potential of accessing the unbanked and promote the growth of commercial banks in Tanzania. Key words : Mobile money service, Growth of Commercial banks.


After reviewing historial development of West Hangzhou,we analyze the development situation of commerce in this district by using the commercial circle theory and the christaller theory.Also we analyze the factors of the development by using theory of multiple regression to conduct a further research on the commercial layout and the evolvement of the demension so as to propose the rational packages for its futural development.


This paper describes terahertz (THz)-wave generation within forbidden bands in polar crystals, focusing on the A1 phonon modes in lithium niobate. This material exhibits two negative-permittivity frequency ranges at 7.4–12.7 THz and 18.8–25.6 THz for the lowest and highest A1 modes, respectively. Exploiting the finite-difference time-domain simulations, we demonstrate that both the surface phonon modes can be radiative with a structured grating. Fourier analyses of the radiative fields reveal the relevant peaks in the spectrum as well as the dispersion relations. Our results provide a novel method for coherent THz-wave sources at unexplored THz frequencies.


The paper deals with diversity of influences ofpress technology on overall context of change which made possible the creation and spreading of nationalism. The press was one of the key mechanisms for the spreading of ideas of national independence during the American revolution at the end of the 18 th c. and it significantly influenced the surge of national languages into the sphere ofpu blic communication in Europe, where such development occurred parallel with the foundation of modern state and differentiation of individual vernaculars. The press played an important role in a number of social changes that marked modern age, with the first successes of reformation, processes of individualization and democratization, and together with conceptual changes such as the linear understanding of time, as well as the possibility to perceive communities larger than those in which direct face-to-face communication may be achieved Typography as a technology enables mass communication. Because of its specific character, it serves the concentrations of power which then, constrictively and constructively, influence the production of discourse that reproduces nationalistic tendencies.


This paper analyzed the development status of domestic network performance test systems for smart substations, and then proposed a network performance closed-loop test system based on IEC61850, which can be used for smart substations. This system can be uniformly applied to carry out carry out the function verification and performance evaluation test of all secondary devices, networks, switches, merge cells, smart/ terminals, protections, monitoring, measurement and recording equipment. It has good portability and can be easily used. Here the building of hardware platform for this system is expounded.


Smoke chamber studies have been made of the ageing of ammonium chloride smokes under various controlled degrees of turbulent air motion as well as in still air. The changes in mass concentration an...


Quantitation of lactate and ammonia (NH3) production after forearm ischemic exercise (FIE) has been proposed as a screening test for myoadenylate deaminase (MAD) deficiency. Plasma lactate, NH3 and purines (adenosine inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine) were determined 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after 90 seconds of FIE and correlated with exercise performance (∑ kg × sec), measured with a grip dynamometer, strain gauge and strip recorder.In 13 normals lactate and NH3 production correlated with exercise performance (r=0.76 and 0.72, respectively). Three patients with histochemically-defined MAD deficiency failed to generate NH3 despite increasing lactate and adequate performance. Retesting normals at submaximal performance produced lactate and NH3 generation patterns indistinguishable from those of the 3 patients. Normal subjects even with submaximal performance increased plasma purines from 10 to 38 μM after FIE. The MAD deficient patients raised their purine levels only 0-7 μM.These data demonstrate that submaximal exercise efforts by normals can give FIE test results indistinguisable from those of MAD deficient individuals if only lactate and NH3 are assessed and plasma purine measurements after FIE testing are effective in identifying the deficiency state. These results support the hypothesis that disordered purine metabolism occurs in patients with MAD deficiency.


A WSN system incorporates a gateway that provides wireless connectivity back to the wired world and distributed nodes. Routing is the main operation in wireless sensor (WSN). In this work, the energy of a node, distance of a node from the current node and the angle made by a node with the sink node, are considered as parameters. The fuzzy system estimates the chance of a node capable of handing over a packet to the surrounding nodes. The chance is estimated based on the distance, angle made by a node with the sink and energy of the node. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to find an efficient route from a source to Base station. The path from the source node to the sink node is recorded and the packet is routed on the identified path. The proposed approach increases the speed and accuracy, since it considers all the three relevant parameters. Keywords—Fuzzy inference, flat routing, shortest path routing.


Unusual olivine showing perfect cleavages parallel to the (010) and (100) crystal planes was identified in dunite from the vicinity of the Little Castle Creek chromite mine, known also as the Castle Crags or Brown mine, in the Siskiyou Mountains of northern California. Specimens for detailed study were collected on the south side of Little Castle Creek canyon about two miles southwest of Dunsmuir, near the boundary of Shasta and Siskiyou Counties, during the winter of 1940-41. The work on the olivine grew out of a geological investigation of the chromite deposits of the Little Castle Creek area by the Federal Geological Survey. A summary of the results of this investigation, with maps of the surface and underground geology, was released to the public in 1943.r


Each year, 25 to 30 million people from nontropical countries visit malaria-endemic countries, and up to 30,000 North American and European travelers contract malaria annually. The evolving patterns of drug resistance among malaria parasites and changes in recommendations for malaria prevention present a challenge to physicians who advise travelers on chemoprophylaxis. Dr. Hans Lobel, of the CDC's Division of Parasitic Diseases, and Dr. Phyllis Kozarsky recently reviewed the strategies to prevent malaria, approaches to avoid human-mosquito contact, and currently recommended drugs for prophylaxis. Because malaria transmission occurs primarily between dusk and dawn, due to the nocturnal feeding habits of the Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit malaria, reducing risk of contact can be achieved by both remaining in air-conditioned or well-screened rooms and using aerosol insecticides in rooms where mosquitoes are found. Use of mosquito nets impregnated with permethrin and application of insect repellent formulations containing less than 30% DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) to exposed skin can reduce risk of mosquito bites further. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, which emerged in the 1960s, has spread to almost all malaria-endemic countries except Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Central America west of Panama Canal, and parts of the Middle East. In addition to chloroquine resistance, there is a growing problem of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to a combination product of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine in Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Amazon region. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivas has been identified in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Mynmar. Mefloquine is the drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis for most travelers, with doxycycline and chloroquine being less effective alternatives. Mefloquine is tolerated well at prophylactic dosages, but anecdotal reports have raised concern about its adverse effects. Resistance to this drug has emerged in parts of Southeast Asia and may spread to other parts of the world. The major disadvantages of doxycycline are the need for daily dosing, its contraindication for young children and pregnant women, and its adverse effects. Chloroquine is effective for prophylaxis only in Central America, the Caribbean, and parts of the Middle East. The authors warn that few new drugs will be available in the near future because of reduced funding for antimalarial drug research and development; therefore, the usefulness of currently available drugs needs to be prolonged by rational use. FROM: Lobel HO, Kozarsky PE. Update on prevention of malaria in travelers. JAMA 1997;278:1767-1771.


A method to estimate certain material properties of a 1-3 piezoelectric composite from the electrical impedance spectra, measured as functions of temperature, uni-axial stress and applied electric field, is proposed. A theoretical model is formulated to determine the impedance of lossy piezocomposite plates vibrating in the thickness-mode using complex material parameters. The impedance data are least-squares fitted to the model, and the relevant dielectric, mechanical and piezoelectric parameters are first determined by regression analysis and then refined by iteration. Good agreement between the theoretical impedance spectra with the measured spectra validates the method. The complex material parameters and the device parameters are found to vary non-linearly with variations in temperature, stress and electric field. This type of characterisation is important to understand and predict the behaviour of transducers that are subjected to varied environmental conditions and are driven at high electric fields during operation.


A recommendation to use only uncoated magnetic stirring bars for high-temperature work in inert solvents is based on a laboratory accident.


Background: Since COVID-19 is a new disease with devastating effects worldwide, its emergence and spread aroused confusion, anxiety, and fear among the public. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of paradox therapy on the COVID-19 anxiety in adult population in Jahrom, Iran. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a two-month follow-up. The research population encompassed all individuals willing to participate in the present study who were residing in Jahrom during 2020-2021. According to the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, 30 participants with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of paradox therapy; however, the control group remained on the waiting list. The research tools included structured clinical interviews and the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using Friedman's statistical method. Results: The results showed that paradox therapy was effective in decreasing COVID-19 anxiety (P = 0.001) and its psychological (P = 0.001) and physical (P = 0.002) symptoms, and the scores of the COVID-19-induced psychological and physical symptoms in the posttest phase were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (P < 0.001). The decrease was noticed in the follow-up phase as well. Conclusions: According to the results, paradox therapy can effectively reduce anxiety and its psychological and physical symptoms due to COVID-19.


Topicality: The variety of manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in otolaryngological practice has made this problem relevant for the past decades. The development of LPR is associated with impaired function of the upper esophageal sphincter, which allows reflux to enter the larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity and middle ear cavity. In a number of studies, pathological reflux has been identified as one of the factors in the development of cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tract.
Aim of the study: to improve methods fors creening and diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with laryngeal cancer stage I-II (T1-2N0M0).
Materials and methods: The study group included 93 patients with stage I-II laryngeal cancer (T1-2N0M0).
The control group was represented by 36 patients with reflux-associated benign neoplasms of the larynx. For preliminary diagnosis and objectification of complaints used the RSI test. To increase the accuracy of interpretation and objectification of laryngoscopic manifestations of LPR, the RFS scale was used. The daily pH-monitoring was carried out using an AG-1pH-M acidogastrograph with an electrode system. The severity of reflux was determined according to DeMeester criteria. According to the results of pH monitoring, clinical groups were formed.
Results: When analyzing the results of the examination, the RSI index exceeded "9" in 41 (44.1%) patients. When tested on the RFS scale, the indicator "13 and higher" was recorded in 48 (51.6%) patients. All patients (41) with a positive RSI test received 24-hour pH monitoring. According to 24-hour pH-monitoring, the presence of LPR was verified in 33 (80.1%) patients with a positive RSI test. The study group consisted of 33 (80.1%) patients with
squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx T1-2N0M0. After 24-hour pH-monitoring, we obtained the data: mild LPR was observed in 6 (18.2%) patients, moderate severity of LPR in 18 (54.5%) and severe LPR in 9 (27.3%). In patients with laryngeal cancer T1-2N0M0, which is associated with LPR, the DeMeester criterion exceeded 14.72.
Conclusions: Comparison of pH-monitoring data and visual-analogue scales reaches 80.1% of compliance in patients with laryngeal cancer T1-2N0M0, which is associated with LPR. According to 24-hour pH-monitoring, the presence of LPR was verified in 33 (35.5%) of the examined patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Using the modified The Reflux Symptom Index and The Reflux Finding Score scales is a highly reliable method for screening the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with laryngeal cancer.


New data have been obtained confirming distinct differences in fragmentation of compounds of trivalent nitrogen and other group V elements under electron impact. These data have been obtained for the fragmentation of the cyanamides, cyanphosphines and cyanarsines, as well as of their vinylogues.


Introduction Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and young people (CYP). An Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) for management of DKA is established in Wales which is based on the 2015 British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (BSPED) and NICE guidelines. Aims To audit the management of DKA in a teaching hospital following the introduction of the current BSPED and NICE guidance, with a focus on fluid therapy. Methodology Retrospective case note review of all children admitted in DKA to the Children's Hospital between June 2016 and June 2018. Results A total of 24 episodes of DKA were recorded in 23 patients. The median age was 11 years (range 1 to 16 years). 9 of the DKA episodes were in newly diagnosed CYP. 11 patients presented with a pH of <7.1, of which 10 received a 10 ml/kg fluid bolus of 0.9% saline, 6 of whom required a further fluid bolus following clinical assessment. Of the 13 patients with a pH ≥7.1, 6 required 10 ml/kg of 0.9% saline fluid boluses, 2 of whom required the bolus after 2–3 hours of initiation of DKA management, and 1 required a further 10 ml/kg bolus. The maintenance fluid infusion rate was increased in 1 case. Hypoglycaemia was documented in 10 of the 24 episodes whilst on the pathway, despite having dextrose in their fluids. Conclusion A significant proportion of CYP being treated for DKA needed a change in their fluid therapy when treated in accordance with the current guideline. This change was made based on ongoing clinical assessments. No adverse outcomes were identified. There was an increased incidence of hypoglycaemia despite a reduction in the rate of insulin in the current guideline. This audit suggests that fluid therapy in DKA requires further evaluation and comparison with other centres using the BSPED and ICP guidance.


The effect of effective stress on the permeability of fractured carbonate rock sample was studied on low permeability natural carbonate rock samples.It is shown that,the permeability of carbonate rock sample with artificial fractures is sensitive to stress changes,and a remarkable fracture-lag effect can be observed.The permeability of the sample is permanently damaged,showing that stress change causes a severe damage to the permeability of the sample.It is thus concluded that a drilling fluid capable of forming a tough sealing film should be used in drilling this kind of formation,and measures should be taken to strengthen the formation rocks,in an effort to minimize the damage caused by stress changes.


ONE WIN CHOICE and ASTPAI have teamed up for both European and U.S. tour in April, May and June. Blow The Scene has issued a cool feature about the ...


A 42-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis previously well controlled on mesalazine presented with blistering, crusts and severe itching on her upper body and legs together with painful erosions on her conjunctivae and oral mucous membranes in addition to active bowel symptoms for two weeks. Clinical examination revealed multiple lesions consisting of vesiculopustules with circinate distribution and central crusts in sunflower-like configuration on her flanks and legs, a typical characteristic of intraepidermal neutrophilic dermatosis (IEN)-type of IgA pemphigus (Figure 1A and 1C) [1]. Lips, nasolabial folds and eyelids were affected by yellow crusts and erosions on erythematous base (Figure 1B).

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Compounds of the type ArCH(OR)CBr-(NO2)R′ have been found to possess strong antifungal activity. The preparation, properties, and antifungal activities of a number of compounds of this formula are described. 2-Bromo-1-methoxy-2-nitro-1-phenylpropane has been further tested and ointments containing it have been prepared and submitted for clinical trial. Results from one of these trials have been published.