The fluid inclusions trapped in immiscible hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon system are widely distributed in the nature.Because these inclusions have a complex composition and phase behavior,the discrimination of inclusion assemblages and calculation of thermodynamic parameters are usually hard to solve.According to the feature of phase behavior at the room temperature and the locations of the isochore intersect showing in T-p plane diagrams for two fluid inclusions with end-member in immiseible hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon system,three types of fluid inclusion assemblages are divided The characteristics of three types of fluid inclusion assemblages are introduced,the method of determination and parameters calculation for immiscible hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon inclusion assemblages are expounded,and the principles and method of the equations of phase behavior and the vapor-liquid equilibrium constants for homogenizing inclusions are demonstrated in this paper.At the same time,the determination,discrimination and calculation of three types of fluid inclusion assemblages for the simple immiscible hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon systems in the nature are presented as examples,in which the homogenization pressure not only are precisely calculated,but also the thermodynamic parameters with regard to fluid density and volume,etc.are accurately calculated by use of the equations of phase behavior and the vapor-liquid equilibrium constants.In the end the trapping temperature and pressure of fluid inclusion assemblages are also calculated by the application of the isochore intersect showing in p-T plane diagrams as two inclusions homogenized to gaseous and liquid phase.


The aim of the study was to investigate the associations of total sleep time (TST) and occupational stress based on the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) with cholesterol levels in an occupational cohort of Japanese office workers.


This paper is a summary of recent research and development in areas related to advanced buckling and ultimate strength design of ship plating, jointly undertaken by the American Bureau of Shipping and the Pusan National University. The behavior of ship plating normally depends on a variety of influential factors, namely geometric / materials properties, loading characteristics, initial imperfections, boundary conditions and deterioration arising from corrosion, fatigue cracking and accidental dents.


In article the features of economy of public sector in Russian Federation are considered, the problems of develop-ment of municipal economy are investigated. On the basis of the analysis of mutual relation between levels of state and municipal authority the tendencies of development of regional economy come to light.


. The article analyses one of the trends of modern doctrine of civil procedure that relates the obligation to recognize foreign judicial decisions with the interpretation of the relevant provisions of Article 6 of European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) Key words: sovereignty; recognition of foreign judgments; legal certainty; right to a fair trial; execution of judgment; transnational movement of judicial acts.


The invention discloses an overloaded five-core high-speed joint robot control system. The control system comprises a master station control computer and a controller. The controller comprises a DSP chip controller, a programmable logic chip controller, a speech recognition processor, a PLC and an ARM controller. The DSP chip controller and the ARM controller are both in communication connection with the master station control computer. The DSP chip controller is in communication connection with the ARM controller. Four rare-earth permanent magnet synchronous servo motors are all in communication connection with the DSP chip controller. A plurality of obstacle avoidance displacement sensors, a locating sensor and acceleration sensors are all in communication connection with the DSP chip controller and the ARM controller. The overloaded five-core high-speed joint robot control system is high in calculation speed, and therefore a joint robot is flexible in arm steering, stable and accurate in movement and small in size, performance is stable, and the anti-jamming capability of the system is high.


Kidney amyloidosis is mainly seen in chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases arthritis , ankylosing spondylitis and auto-immune diseases. It is exceptional during systemic lupus erythematosus. We report the case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with the early onset of kidney amyloidosis type AA .The kidney biopsy shows amyloidosis type AA. This association has been reported in the literature in twenty cases previously. This case study emphasizes the importance of considering the diagnosis of amyloidosis when the findings include massive proteinuria in all stages of systemic lupus erythematosus.


ABSTRACT The chest deflection and chest acceleration (3 ms) have been used as chest injury measures of Hybrid III dummy in frontal crash tests. In this research, the relationship between two chest injury measures was investigated based on finite element analysis of Hybrid III in a frontal impact. The equation of motion of the chest was established using the external (seatbelt force and airbag contact force) and internal forces (neck, shoulder joint, lumbar spine force) that are exert on the chest. Based on this formula, the mechanism of the chest acceleration that was generated can be examined with time. The chest deflection is related to the external forces (seatbelt and airbag force), and the chest acceleration is related to the external and internal forces. The influence that the restraint conditions (seatbelt path and force limiter) has on the chest acceleration and chest deflection was also investigated. The seatbelt path affected the rib cage deformation mode and the chest sternum deflection, but it has little effect of on the chest acceleration. Lowering the seatbelt force limiter value also reduced the chest deflection substantially, but it did not show any clear relationship with the chest acceleration since the kinematics and the internal forces of the Hybrid III dummy changed with varying force limiter values.


Recently, data of multimedia performs an exponentially blowing tendency, saturating daily life of humans. Various modalities of data, includes images, texts and video, plays important role in different aspects and has wide. However, the key problem of utilizing data of large scale is cost of processing and massive storage. Therefore, for efficient communications and for economical storage requires effective techniques of data compression to reduce the volume of data. Speech coding is a main problem in the area of digital speech processing. The process of converting the voice signals into a more compressed form is speech coding. In this work, we demonstrate that a DCT with a chaotic system combined with run-length coding can be utilized to implement speech coding of very low bit-rate with high reconstruction quality. Experimental result show that compression ratio is about 13% when implemented on Librispeech dataset.


In this paper, the group wanted to maximize the amount of wind the prototype can gather using a linear generator with spring mechanism for vortex bladeless wind turbine using the wind energy conversion (WEC) system. A small – scale prototype was developed to harvest wind energy through the use of two linear generators that are designed to accept any angular movement from the horizontal plane. It utilizes the phenomenon called Vortex Shedding effect wherein once the wind passes through a bluff body, it produces shedding effect that yields vibration. The linear generator uses the mechanism of a spring wherein excess motion due to wind energy is captured by the spring and stored as elastic potential energy which will later be converted as oscillating kinetic energy when the speed drops. The prototype was subjected to a controlled and uncontrolled environment measuring the voltage and current according to the obtained wind speed. The increased rate of the linear generator with spring mechanism for controlled and uncontrolled environment are 35.54% and 20.05% respectively. From the wind profiling, the average wind speed obtained is 7.694 kph. It was evident that the linear generator with spring mechanism yielded a higher voltage than the one without spring with resulting values of 2.347 V and 1.873 V respectively.


Since Walter Benjamin (Walter Bendix Schoenflies Benjamin, 1892-1940) is one of the most widely read authors across a broad range of disciplines - Comparative Literature, Theology, Philosophy, Translation Studies, Postmodernism etc., the object of this project is the translation of his essay, 'The Task of the Translator', from the German original into Chinese. To the knowledge of the author, there are already four Chinese versions of the essay, demonstrating its popularity among Chinese scholars. However, they' re all translated from English versions (1968 and 1996 by Harry Zohn). Besides variations in style of expression among these four, some interpretations differ. The author chooses ten examples to explore the impact that these diversities have on the understanding of the original text. But it should be pointed out that among all the Chinese translations (including the fifth one from this author) there is an 80 to 90 percent agreement on meaning in the essay. The author wants to show that this essay can be approached from different angles and with different modes of expression, which taken together result in a more complete picture of the essay, echoing Wilhelm von Humboldt's opinion that various translations of the same source text all make their own contributions.


A recent study of trials funded by the National Institutes of Health suggested that results of only about half are published within 3 years after


We investigated the perioperative changes in immunological function of monocytes in patients with gastric or esophageal carcinoma in terms of surface antigen HLA-DR and serum cytokine IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Subjects were 16 cases of curatively resected gastric carcinoma, seven cases of non-curatively resected gastric carcinoma, three cases of curatively resected and four cases of non-curatively resected esophageal carcinoma. Six cases received laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystolithiasis were served as control. Peripheral blood samples were collected from them on the day before operation, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th postoperative day. Of these samples, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of surface antigen HLA-DR expressed on monocytes were analyzed by FACScan, and serum cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. In patients with gastric carcinoma no significant difference in the MFI of HLA-DR was noted between curatively resected and noncuratively resected groups, but in noncuratively resected group it was significantly lower on 14th postoperative day than that of preoperative day. In patients with esophageal carcinoma, there was no significant difference in the MFI of HLA-DR between curatively resected and noncuratively resected groups on the preoperative day, but in curatively resected group it significantly increased on the 3rd postoperative day. Serum IL-8 level in noncuratively resected gastric carcinoma group was significantly higher than those of curatively resected group on preoperative day and the 1st postoperative day. Serum IL-8 level in noncuratively resected esophageal carcinoma group was significantly higher than that of curatively resected group in perioperative period. These results suggest that patients with noncuratively resected esophageal carcinoma have fallen into the state of immunosupression of monocytes.


Issues involved in evaluating and assuring the effectiveness of the human side of the operator interface are described. A number of time-tested methods of dealing with these issues are reviewed, including approaches to managing the operator's attention, the location of the operator interface, the determination of the optimal physical characteristics, ergonomic considerations, methods of operator-interface acquisition, and the justification of advanced operator interfaces.<<ETX>>


An ORCID Identifier (ORCID iD) provides an author with a
unique, persistent digital identifier, providing author disambiguation and
increasing transparency and discoverability. We analysed the uptake and use of
ORCID iD by six pharmaceutical companies.


The thermodynamic description of a nonideal two‐component solution is developed for the case where the excess free energy of mixing in the liquid has its origin in the volume change on mixing. The equilibrium condition is calculated for the real gas. The equilibrium vapor—liquid distribution is related to the partition functions of the components in the liquid phase and the ideal gas. This relationship affords a basis for the calculation of the partition function ratios HT/H2 and DT/D2 in the liquid phase from experimental data. Partition function ratios of HD/H2, D2/H2, and T2/H2 in the liquid state are derived from vapor‐pressure data. It is shown that the method of ordered quantum corrections is an inconvenient one for the description of the quantum effects in liquid hydrogen in its various isotopic forms. ``Lattice'' zero‐point energy differences for the isotopic liquid hydrogens are derived from the partition functions under the assumption of free rotation in the liquid. A large asymmetry effect is f...


A wireless program-control micro hotplate was designed based on STM32W108.PWM wave was used to drive a thin ceramic heater,while PT100 to feedback the temperature, together with the on-chip RF module,which realize wireless data and instruction transmission,followed by IEEE 802.15.4 MAC.The wireless control range achieves to 30m,while the temperature precision reaches ±3℃ as a result.


The article discusses the necessity of the organization of educational, employment and leisure activities of children with disabilities in the system of their socio-cultural adaptation. When creating special conditions and a favorable environment for the children in this category, we can give them an opportunity to practice certain patterns of behavior and to maximize their creative potential.


This paper describes a method for calculating the elastic constant of tissue. Length measurements obtained from Ultrasonograms (US) are different from the results obtained from Computerized Tomograms (CT) when the velocity of sound is compared to standardized water measurements. The density of tissue PI can be approximated by the equation. p, = 1- N</N,;•. where N, and N". are the CT values of tissue and air respectively. The elastic constant (bulk modulus) K,. sound velocity Y, and density PI are related through the following equation, Y= (K./ PI)O.,. The elastic constant K, is then calculated by, K, = K w (L,j L,)2. (I - N</ N,;.), where K w is the bulk modulus of water, and L, and L, are the measured distances from CT and US images respectively.


Objective A Korean herbal formulation, Ojayeonjonghwan, is used to treat late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) symptoms including erectile dysfunction (ED). A previous study demonstrated that a modified Ojayeonjonghwan (KH-204) could be developed as a therapeutic alternative medicine to improve ED. We examined the pharmacological effects of KH-204 in vitro and in an androgen-deprived rat model. Methods The survival rate of TM3 Leydig cells treated with KH-204 was measured based on oxidative stress. Androgen-deprivation was induced by s.c. injection of leuprorelin. After daily intake of KH-204 for four weeks, the testes and epididymides from rats in all groups were removed, weighed and subjected to histological examination. In addition, testosterone level, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were measured. Results The results showed that KH-204 protected TM3 cells from oxidative stress via activation of the ERK and Akt pathways. The level of testosterone and activation of spermatogenesis in androgen-deprived male rats were significantly enhanced, and germ cell apoptosis was reduced after treatment. Conclusions We investigated the effect of KH-204 as an alternative treatment to reverse testicular dysfunction in LOH. The therapeutic effects are likely, at least in part, attributable to reduced oxidative stress via ERK and Akt-dependent signaling pathways.


Is moon littered with Dinosaur fossils? Yes, First reporting of the Dinosaur fossils has been made by Jagmohan Saxena of Bikaner India. It has been observed by mrJagmohan that there are some areas which are littered with bony fossils, a careful 6 has made it confirmed that these have been very possible fossils of Mesozoic Era. This is first ever such claim by an amateur astronomer jagmohan saxena . He has supported his claim by siting the coordinates of site at Moon.Though the period of origin of Moon and evolution of Dinosaurs are too different from each other,which may be enough to raise the debate is it possible, that there are fossils on moon.Some magical it sedimentary effect.But the facts couldn't be denied.


Methods are discussed for studying binary quadratic forms by use of quaternions derived from the ternary quadratic form f=x2-yz. In particular, Gauss composition of binary quadratic forms may be achieved by factoring and multiplying quaternions in a natural way.


AIM: To investigate the effect of two methods of topical fluoridation(self-etching orthodontic bonding system and fluoridation after acid etching) on enamel decalcification in orthodontic treatment.METHODS:One hundred and nine patients treated with fixed appliance were randomly selected and divided into three groups.Fourty two cases were applied with self-etching orthodontic bonding system,42 cases with fluoridation protector after acid etching on enamel,and 21 cases wihthout any special treatment.The incidence and severity of enamel decalcification during the orthodontic treatment in three groups and the falling rate of brackets of three groups were evaluated before and 12 months after treatment.The enamel decalcification index(EDI) was calculated.RESULT: There was no significant difference among the EDI of three groups before treatment(P0.05).The EDI of two methods of topical fluoridation was lower significantly than that of the control groups after 12 months(P0.05),but the EDI between two methods of topical fluoridation and the falling rate of brackets of three group after 12 months(P0.05) did not have significant difference.CONCLUSION: Two methods of topical fluoridation can effectively prevent enemal decalcification in fixed-orthodontic treatment.Both self-etching system and post-etching fluoridation may be available to clinical use.


This paper provides an overview of the validation of the computer code Reactor Fuelling Simulation Program – Industry Standard Tool (RFSP-IST) version 3.00-05. The validation is structured according to the CANDU physics phenomena identified in the Reactor Physics Validation Matrix. In the validation, lattice-cell properties are calculated using the WIMS-IST-based Simple-Cell Model. The results of some of the completed validation tasks are presented, with each task linked to the relevant phenomena. Finally, additional validation tasks to bridge some of the existing gaps and to fully qualify RFSP-IST for all intended applications are identified and discussed.


Bioenergy, biofuels, and a range of valuable chemicals may be extracted from the abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass. To reduce the recalcitrance imposed by the complex cell wall structure, genetic engineering has been proposed over the years as a suitable solution to modify the genes, thereby, controlling the overall phenotypic expression. The present review provides a brief description of the plant cell wall structure and its compositional array i.e., lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, wall proteins, and pectin, along with their effect on biomass digestibility. Also, this review discusses the potential to increase biomass by gene modification. Furthermore, the review highlights the potential genes associated with the regulation of cell wall structure, which can be targeted for achieving energy crops with desired phenotypes. These genetic approaches provide a robust and assured method to bring about the desired modifications in cell wall structure, composition, and characteristics. Ultimately, these genetic modifications pave the way for achieving enhanced biomass yield and enzymatic digestibility of energy crops, which is crucial for maximizing the outcomes of energy crop breeding and biorefinery applications.


Diversification of production in the ceramic industry forces small producers to take a holistic view when making the planning of their operations, guided primarily by technical restrictions present their industrial furnaces since types of products that can manufacture. While these furnaces are permanently active and can only produce certain types of ceramics, production planning, inventory control and sales plans should be made in such a way as to achieve the maximization of profits, minimizing costs and downtime (also knowledge as unfair dead time) on those computers. Since the scheduling problem and job-scheduling particulary has NP complexity algorithmic, is applicable the use of metaheuristics like GRASP algorithms to solve it. This paper presents a GRASP algorithm with an improvement using the 2-opt algorithm, to solve the problem of assigning jobs ceramic production in industrial furnaces subject to capacity constraints, such product (dimensions and materials processing, called formats) and trying to minimize the unfair dead time or makespan as a variation of job scheduling problem.


A silica-based 1.5%-/spl Delta/ 100 GHz-spacing 32-channel athermal arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) with compact size and extremely low insertion loss is described. By reducing the fibre coupling loss and the excess loss in a silicone-filled groove, an insertion loss of 1.3 dB was achieved with this athermal AWG.


This investigation describes the effect of alcohol substitution in diesel engines on their performance and exhaust emissions. Alcohol was carburated into the intake manifold of a single cylinder diesel engine and the ignition was achieved by injecting diesel fuel into the cylinder in the conventional manner. 2 refs.


This book is about attitudes and behaviour in early modern France, dealing particularly with the conflicts related to social and intellectual change, and with the tensions between the elite and the common people. The topics discussed include witchcraft, popular belief and superstition, confession, the family, Church and State, and popular revolt. Combining penetrating analyses of important topics with detailed focus on individual cases, Communities of Belief offers a lively critique of some current interpretations of seventeenth century France. Part I, 'Rebels, Deviants and Victims', concentrates on history from below, while Part II, 'Agencies of Control', examines the intellectual and institutional superstructure and its relation to society as a whole. Robin Briggs shows how the communal oral culture of the older Europe was gradually broken up and replaced by a recognizable modern culture.


Abstract The research paper presents hydrocarbon biocomponents approved for use in aircraft turbine engines. The properties of these biocomponents are governed by ASTM D 7566 standard. One of the new issues regarding the utilization of fuels for aircraft turbine engines is the identification of non-petroleum elements, including hydrocarbon biocom-ponents. This article proposes applying infrared spectrometry as a technique for in-strumental analysis, which enables quick and qualitative identification of a used hydro-carbon biocomponent. Differences in the infrared spectrum between the mineral fuel and used fuel biocomponent were indicated based on the conducted preliminary tests.


Primary English provision in Indonesia has started in 1994 in which English has the position as the local content subject in the elementary schools. English has then been part of the Indonesian elementary schoolchildren's daily routines in many different ways. In the major cities, which are geographically then educationally more privileged,  the children might enjoy their English lessons because they have the qualified teachers who know English and how to teach it to young learners, they have appropriate and interesting materials as well as  appropriate techniques  to learn by. The case is quite different for the children of the less privileged areas where access to qualified teachers, appropriate materials and fun learning is almost impossible. These children have to be content with teachers with no English or child teaching background who are hired because only them who are available. The paper  describes the struggle of  the English Education department of the Yogyakarta State University  in the development of the EFC courses  in order to contribute to the provision of  English to elementary schools in Indonesia.


Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have been of high interest since their discovery in the early 1990s. Until now, two different subtypes, the human cannabinoid receptor 1 (hCB1R) and the human cannabinoid receptor 2 (hCB2R) are known. Both regulate important body functions, such as appetite, motor coordination, inflammation and host defence. Identifying new ligands at CBRs is of high importance for treating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, obesity, pain or immune deficiencies. To evaluate the efficacies and pharmacological profiles of CBR ligands sensitive and functional test systems analyzing compounds at a proximal level of the signal cascade are needed.
Also, few years ago, alkamides of E. purpurea have been proposed to be ligands at CB2R. However, alkamides have only been characterized as ligands in competition binding assays. Additionally, Echinacea preparations that are efficient treating common cold do not always contain E. purpurea, but also E. pallida. The latter possesses ketoalkenes and ketoalkynes, which have neither been discussed as possible ligands nor been tested for CBR affinity at all.
Hence, the aim of this thesis was to establish several functional and highly sensitive test systems to study cannabinoid receptors and their ligands at a proximal point of the signal cascade and to analyse different G-alpha-subunits, RGS-proteins and solvents. Also, differences in the coupling and activation of CBR via G-alpha-proteins should be investigated. Furthermore, isolated natural and synthesized ligands derived from Echinacea species should be analysed by functional test systems.
Several test systems for cannabinoid receptors using the Sf9 cell/baculovirus transfection system were established ([3H]CP 55,940 competition binding assay, [32P]GTPase assay, [35S]GTPgammaS assay). This thesis shows for the first time that a final DMSO assay concentration of 3% (v/v) is necessary for stable solutions of CBR ligands and that BSA as a solvent has no advantage over DMSO regarding the pharmacological properties of compounds.
[3H]CP 55,940 competition binding assays were set up to identify new ligands at CBRs. Furthermore, the establishment of functional GTPase assays and GTPgammaS binding assays allows now for the detection of agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists at a very proximal point of the signal cascade of CBRs. The coexpression of CBR, G-alpha-i2, G-beta-1-gamma-2 and RGS4 yielded the most effective system in the GTPase assay.
To evaluate differences between CBRs their coupling to G-alpha-i2-proteins was evaluated by immunoblotting, [3H]CP 55,940 competition and saturation binding assays, [32P]GTPase assays and [35S]GTPgammaS binding assays. The expression levels of CB1R were approximately two-fold higher than those of CB2R as determined by immunoblotting. However, [3H]CP 55,940 saturation binding assays revealed even higher Bmax values for the CB1R and lower Bmax values for the CB2R. Further experiments showed that CB1R possesses G-protein independent agonist binding and that a part of the CB2R protein was not functional. GTPgammaS time course binding studies revealed a much faster activation of the CB1R after ligand binding. Compared to CB2R, CB1R possessed a higher constitutive activity, as assessed in GTPgammaS saturation binding and in GTPase assays in the presence of NaCl. For the agonist CP 55,940, an agonist / inverse agonist switch at CB1R was observed and described for the first time.
Although alkamides from E. purpurea were described as CB2R agonists and endogenous ligands possess a very similar structure compared to alkamides present in E. purpurea, the findings in this thesis do not support the findings in the literature.
Furthermore, isolated and synthesized compounds as well as a n-hexane extract derived from E. pallida were analysed for affinity at CBRs. The investigated plant extract of E. pallida and the natural compounds are not ligands at CBRs. However, two synthesized plant-derived ligands and a compound derived from the endogenous agonists showed affinity and efficacy at CBRs.
The results of this thesis represent a promising step towards the understanding of CBR signaling, the development of new ligands for CBRs and their pharmacological characterization.


By studying the representation theory of a certain infinite $p$-group and using the generalised characters of Hopkins, Kuhn and Ravenel we find useful ways of understanding the rational Morava $E$-theory of the classifying spaces of general linear groups over finite fields. Making use of the well understood theory of formal group laws we establish more subtle results integrally, building on relevant work of Tanabe. In particular, we study in detail the cases where the group has dimension less than or equal to the prime $p$ at which the $E$-theory is localised.


This paper is an approach to the traditional Ecuadorian cuisine also called "Creole cuisine" and its various ingredients, full of flavors, smells and special consistencies. It was a delight to learn about typical ingredients of each region, work with them and make a very personal interpretation of dishes like "encocado" (stew made out of coconut with fish, shrimps or crabs), the "tortilla" (omelette), the "seco de conejo" (rabbit stew) and "espumilla"(mousse).
Sufficient information about ingredients, instructions, costing and everything you need is included for any national or foreign person can prepare each recipe and enjoy a good Ecuadorian traditional food with a contemporary twist.


A novel reliability evaluation model for end-to-end optical transmission channels is proposed, consisting of QoT and steady-state operation probability. We verify the accuracy of evaluating the reliability by using machine learning and the Markov process.


Abstract. We have synthesized two deuterated boomerang-shaped liquid crystals based on 2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazole (ODBP). Deuterium was introduced in the rigid 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole core and in the aromatic ring of the terminal 4-dodecyloxyphenyl moiety using standardacid catalyzed deuterium exchange conditions. Both compounds, ([4,4'(I,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl-d4)] di-4-dodecyloxybenzoate; ODBP-d4-Ph-O-CI2) and ([4,4'(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)] di-4-dodecyloxy-benzoate-d4; ODBP-Ph-d4-O-CI2) were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance, optical microscopyand differential scanning calorimetry. The optical textures and thermal behavior of both compounds werefound to be identical to the non-deuterated analog [4,4'(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)] di-4-dodecyloxybenzoate (ODBP-Ph-O-CI2) which we reported earlier. These compounds exhibit behaviorindicative of a biaxial nematic liquid crystal phase, which we hope to confirm using deuterium NMRspectroscopy in the next phase of this study.Key words, boomerang-shaped liquid crystals, oxadiazole, deuterated liquid crystals, deuteriumNMRSubject classification. Structures and Materials1. Introduction. Theoretical predictions with respect to the possible existence of biaxialthermotropic phases date back to the early 70's.[I ] Although unambiguously proven in lyotropic systemsby Saupe et al.[2] in 1980, biaxiality in thermotropic liquid crystals is still a subject of great controversy.Since the molecular prerequisites for biaxial thermotropic systems are not well understood, the searchremains largely a challenge for synthetic organic chemists. Many claims with respect to thermotropicsystems have been found to be erroneous, mostly due to misinterpretation of textures or because samplesunder investigation appeared thermally unstable. A good review on the subject of biaxial phases inthermotropic liquid crystals is available in Praefcke et al.[3]Recently we have published results on a series of boomerang-shaped mesogens derived from4,4'-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl)-bisbenzoic acid (ODCA) and 2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazole(ODBP).[4,5] Both ODCA and ODBP based mesogens have a 1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocycle in the centerof the rigid core, which results in a non-linear mesogen with a 134 ° bend, or kink, as shown in Structure I.Oxadiazole based mesogens form very stable compounds and exhibit a rich variety ofmesophases. In ODCA-Ph-O-C6 (I), we found conoscopic evidence of a biaxial, orthogonal smecticphase. Unfortunately, the high melting temperature of this compound made further characterization suchas X-ray diffraction experiments difficult, so we synthesized a new series of lower melting oxadiazolecontaining mesogens. These new ODBP based mesogens, for example ODBP-Ph-O-C_2 (Structure II),melts considerably lower and in this case displays five different mesophases. The supramoleculararrangements of the lower temperature smectic phases denoted SmX, SmY, and SmZ has not beenelucidated at this time. Temperature dependent X-ray diffraction experiments performed on these


The present study examined the effect of both AI(OH)3 nanoparticles and Chitosan materials on the toxicopathology. It also analyzes the degree of expression of cerebral cortex NF-kb p65 by immunohistochemistry test. Results showed that the particle size of A1(OH)3NPs by XRD was 42,3854 nm and has a spherical form of 53,46 nm with average grain size of NP. SEM test also showed spherical shape and size was 57.27 nm while EDEX elemental analysis showed A1(OH)3NP purity. The Brain tissue samples were collected for histological examination at 6 weeks after the first treatment. The histopathological findings of the 1st group indicate no significant histopathological changes. Whereas, there were severe histopathological changes of the 2rd group. Regarding 3rd group, the histopathology changes were mild versus the 4th group. The findings of the 4th group's immunohistochemical test indicate a substantial improvement within 6 weeks of first diagnosis. This research indicated that chitosan as an adjuvant is less harmful.


Choice for patients, over varying aspects of healthcare, is becoming an increasingly common feature in Europe, especially in tax-funded healthcare systems. This paper investigates patients' choice of healthcare provider. The middle class, in countries implementing choice reforms, is shown to have a pronounced preference for the availability of choice as a component of a quality healthcare system. Important implications of this for theory and policy are discussed.


An experience to help women in their own realization under conditions of bourgeois relations and to protect women from prostitution is analyzed in this work. The labor help strengthened feeling of security, promoted strengthening of belief in their own forces, helped to avoid danger to run into defect. Authorities did not put obstacles in movement of the labor help. Joint efforts of society and the authorities promoted development of the labor legislation, opened for women access to new professions.


Purpose: To review the existing literature on burns pruritus. Method: Integrative review with databases earchusing the terms "burns", "pru- ritus" and "therapeutics".Results: 1.987 articles were found of which 713 matched the inclusion criteria and were assessed. Conclusions: The literature on this subject is still very limited and it is important to perform high quality controlled and prospective clinical trials regarding this theme.


Development of saving-type green space is an important trend for urban green space construction,which includes savings of land,water,materials,energy,and management.According to related researches,we collected the fundamental data in the constructions of the green spaces in old city areas of Zhengzhou,the capital of Henan Province in China,and the distributions of the green space were statistically investigated.The implementation of saving ideas in the constructions of the green space was assessed.In addition,specific analysis was carried out by taking Bishagang park,one of the parks within Zhengzhou as example.Some constructive suggestions on green landscape construction were put forward to provide references for the further development of saving-type green space in urban areas.


We propose a novel simplified blind phase search (BPS) scheme based on Chebyshev distance calculations with low complexity for M-QAM based coherent systems. Numerical simulations and experimental results verify its effectiveness compared with traditional BPS.


Article history: Received 23 September 2021 Revised 11 October 2021 Accepted 23 Desember 2021 Available online 31 December 2021 Fluctuating climatic and transportation conditions in Indonesia cause problems in the storage of feed ingredients. Estimating the shelf life of feed ingredients is very important to know in order to help the feed industry in the storage, availability and maintenance of the quality of the feed produced. The purpose of this study was to determine the shelf life of pollard and wheat bran at different storage temperatures based on the value of the peroxide number using the Arrhenius model. In determining shelf life, pollard and wheat bran were stored at 15, 35, and 45°C for 49 days. The parameter used in this research is the peroxide number. The results of this study were based on the calculation of the Arrhenius model in pollard based on the number of peroxides at a temperature of 15, 35 and 45 °C, the shelf life of which was 27.3 months, 22.2 months and 13.1 months, respectively. The shelf life of wheat bran is 25.1 months, 15.1 months and 14.8 months. The conclusion is that the temperature and storage time are directly proportional to the peroxide number. Meanwhile, temperature and storage time are inversely proportional to shelf life.


In order to benefit the disadvantaged deaf people and eliminate the communication disorder between the hearing and deaf mute to get harmony and symbiosis really, the visual identification and service research of deaf people has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars. The paper presented an improved advanced local binary pattern (ALBP) algorithm for face feature recognition. Aimed at being not ideal in recognition effect resulted in ignoring the contrast between the local image in traditional face feature recognition algorithm and discarding some important texture feature information, it first made the illumination normalisation pre-processing of face images under different illumination conditions to control the illumination changes in a certain range, then the improved local binary pattern (LBP) algorithm is used to map the contrast value of the local area pixels into an interval value, so that it made the image own the illumination invariance, thereupon then it could better identify the face features. The experimental results show that the presented ALBP algorithm can be better applied to the visual service system of the deaf.


Less knowledge and attitudes of parents about toilet training cause parents give negative attitudes in children. Nurses role as educators is to facilitate parents to get information about the proper method or manner do toilet training in health education. This research aims to determine the relationship is there a knowledge with the attitudes of parents about toilet training.
This research is a correlation with the population of all parents who have children aged 1-3 years in getting the samples in this research conducted with 23 respondents Total Sampling. The variable in this research is the dependent variable level of knowledge about toilet training and independent variable attitudes of parents on toilet training with the Spearman Rank Test statistic obtained significant results with values of 0.05 in getting P value 0.015
The research results get H0 rejected H1 received by this there is a correlation between the level of knowledge with the attitudes of parents about toilet training supported with the results of the research (91.3%) had good knowledge level of (65.2%) largely supportive attitude about toilet training.
The conclusion from this research that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge with the attitude of a good parent as well as the support of the toilet training of children. The high the level of knowledge, the attitude is also getting better. Suggestion in the hope that nurses can implement awareness toilet training of children by parents.
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Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous injection of tropisetron for spinal anesthesia sensory and motor nerve block.Methods Sixty patients of spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection were randomly divided into experimental and placebo groups.Experimental group was injected with Tropisetron at 15 min before anesthesia,and the placebo group was injected with a placebo.The highest level of spinal anesthesia,the onset time,level of postoperative sensory and motor nerve block were recorded.Adverse reactions were recorded.Results The mean operative time was significantly lower than the placebo group.Sensory nerve block in the experimental group was significantly higher than the placebo group.The time of motor block,anesthesia onset time,movement and sensory recovery time had no significant difference in two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Intravenous injection of tropisetron does not affect onset time of heavy bupivacaine spinal anesthesia,duration and depth of anesthesia.Tropisetron can be safely used for anesthesia-related prevention and treatment of nausea,vomiting and other adverse reactions.


Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters became very popular in the industrial applications and they represent an interesting alternative to conventional flowmeters especially if the pipes cannot be modified or the process easily stopped. This work presents a study on the accuracy of seven clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters coming from seven different manufacturers in both favorable and field-like measurement conditions. All tests have been conducted by EDF R&D on its liquid test rig EVEREST. In order to be representative of field applications, no access to reference flow rate during the installation of the flowmeters and no zero flow calibration were allowed. The entire measurement campaign implied around 100 installations and 600 flow rate measurements. The results showed that devices from different manufacturers have very different performances in terms of accuracy.


The extent to which an insensitive a dministrative policy can disrupt the educational process and inhibit the development of viable learning situations was dramatically illustrated in an experimental social studies class observed during the first half of the school year 1969-70. The class was part of George Washington Carver High School' an all black school located in a north central Florida community. This academic year was to be the last for Carver High since the local school officials decided to phase it out as part of the plan for desegregation of the public schools. This plan and the processes involved in implementing it resulted in serious and repeated interruptions of the experimental class and these disturbances illustrate in microcosm the consequences of an insensitive administrative policy in desegregation situations.


A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2012-13 to study the bio-efficacy of 2,4-D Ethyl Hexyl Ester 60% EC in wheat at Regional Research Sub-station of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal. The results indicated that 2,4-D Ethyl Hexyl Ester 60 per cent EC @ 0.576 kg a.i. ha-1 and 2,4-D Ethyl Hexyl Ester 60 per cent EC @ 0.432 kg a.i. ha-1 recorded effective weed control in terms of least weed density and weed dry weight and there by higher weed control efficiency followed by two manual weeding treatment. In case of yield, 2,4-D Ethyl Hexyl Ester 60 per cent EC @ 0.576 kg a.i. ha-1 resulted better yield over manual weeding, which was statistically at par with aforesaid treatments. 2, 4-D Ethyl Hexyl Ester 60% EC tested at different doses for phytotoxicity has also revealed that there was no phytotoxic symptoms observed in any of the doses and the tested new formulation is safe to the wheat crop.


The brake release system of the pumper AЦ - 4 - 60 (5309) - 505М is considered in the work. Nowadays those fire engines are supplied to the divisions of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. The tactical and technical characteristics of the pumper including the braking system were analysed. Due to the results of the analysis  we proposed to equip the pneumatic drive of the pumper with an additional compressed air tank, which is used by the units of the gas-smoke rescue service of the SES of Ukraine. Introduction of such a tank can significantly facilitate the daily work of drivers and reduce the time of departure at least by 11,59 %.


The ICPAES method was applied to measure the contents ofCr,Cu,Mn,Sb,Si,V,P and Ti in two kinds of weathering steels of Corten-B and Sten3.Compared with the chemical method,ICP- AES method is not only conveni- ent,fast and feasible,but also more accuracy and safety combining with the technology of microwave digestion to determine the content of the trace elements.In addition, the content of all the elements in the steels can be obtained with primary dissolved steel samples using ICP-AES.It can save steel samples and be very suitable for the state which is hard to sample.


Allyl(phenyl)and allyl(methyl)sulfones with electron-withdrawing substituent at vinyl atom С 2 under refluxing in benzene, toluene or 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of benzoyl peroxide add to the central bicyclobutane С 1 –С 7 bond of tricyclo[184.108.40.206 2,7]heptane and 1-phenyltricyclo[22.214.171.124 2,7]heptanes with homolytic cleavage of the allylic carbon-sulfur bond and form monoadducts with tricyclo[3.1.1]heptane (norpinic) structure containing an endo -oriented phenylor methylsulfonyl group. The reaction mechanism and the structure of the adducts are discussed.


Automation of surface (bay) irrigation is now a commercial reality. Automation provides increased certainty in irrigation management. However in the absence of appropriate decision support, key decisions, such as the scheduling of irrigations and irrigation duration, still rely on the skill of the irrigator. Over the 2013/14 irrigation season the authors evaluated the application efficiency achieved by farmers who had adopted automated bay irrigation, the trial involving 9 farms x 1 bay x multiple irrigations. The results demonstrated that irrigation application efficiencies in excess of 90% are achievable and are being achieved through correct and precise management of the automated irrigation. Four of the farms evaluated are already operating at that level. For the others, strategies were identified that will raise their efficiency close to or above 90%. As well a number of not unexpected lessons relating to the irrigation management were learnt from the trial.


The question is discussed whether flocking of bird migrants improves the accuracy of orientation toward the intended direction of a population. Statistical implications are described and outlines for possible analyses of field observation data are given. In nocturnal migration of small passerines it is not yet clear whether social relationships exist at all. Suggestions on how to investigate this question are presented.


According to the latest government reports, India is facing evident shortfall of water in various parts of the country, and Himalayan states are likely to suffer the impacts of climate change related to water more than non-Himalayan states. Water resources are expected to affect Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country, and future projections are far more upsetting. In this light, sustainable and adaptive strategies such as integrated water resources management, nature-based solutions have been promoted globally for sustainable and integrated urban water management. The paper inquires into functions of respective institutions and their possibilities to adopt possible nature-based solutions such as rain water harvesting in response to water insecurity and adaptation in times of climate change. Taking case of Haldwani city, the paper assesses water demand and supply gaps, the existing water institutions, their scope of work and water management mechanism. Further, the scope of adoption of possible nature-based solution is explored by the purview of their work in water management. This was derived through an in-depth literature review, stakeholder consultations as key informant interviews, and participatory mapping. Haldwani has experienced severe water scarcity due to depletion of groundwater, decline in the discharge rate of river Gaula, and drying of springs in and around the city. Various agencies manage the existing water resources in isolation and mismanagement of water is one of the prominent problems in the city. The paper delves into the nuances of various strategic interventions, and the respective institutional capability to undertake the same. While most of the strategies prevalent at international level are yet to be adopted in context of Himalayan cities, a key finding is that rain water harvesting system can be easily taken up as a nature based solution by each of the institutions since it also falls in their scope of work as well as to meet the city's present and future water challenges.


A note by Wang and Shao (1992), in which the constrained Kantorovich inequalities are considered in matrix versions expressed in terms of the loewner tial ordering, is extended to cover nonnegative Hermitian matrices by the singular value decomposition of matrix. Furthermore, the constrained Wielandt inequalities are also investigated.


A covering film adapted to a keyboard module is provided. The covering film includes a semi-translucent layer. The semi-translucent layer has a plurality of first pressing regions and covers the keyboard module. The first pressing regions are aligned to a plurality of input regions of the keyboard module respectively, and each of the first pressing regions has a patterned indentation. In addition, an electronic device having the covering film is also provided.


Introduction. Comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanisms of developing pathological states is of both theoretical and practical importance for creation sensitive and specific diagnostics and search for new medicines. Nowadays it is known that the majority of pathological states are connected with the changes in synthesis and posttranslational modifications of certain proteins, which received a common name of acute phase proteins (APPs). One of the most well-known APPs is a-acid glycoprotein (AGP), or orosomucoid – an acute inflammation protein of all mammals. Despite a significant number of studies, many issues remain unclear, including structural and functional changes of this glycoprotein during diseases. This review generalises modern literature data on AGP expression, peculiarities of its glycolysation at the development of pathological states, and perspectives of further investigation. Structural Organisation of AGP. The only polypeptide chain of orosomucoid consists of 181 amino acid residues and contains two disulfide bonds between cysteine residues, namely Cys5-Cys147 and Cys72-Cys164. At pH 7.4, a protein part of AGP molecule contains 15% of a-helixes, 41% of b-sheets, 12% of b-helixes, and 24% of non-ordered structures. The secondary and ternary structures of this protein are foreseen by IR and Raman-spectroscopy. The protein is supposed to consist of eight antiparallel b-structures, forming so called b-cylinder with hydrophobic pocket in the middle, which participates in binding some medicines due to the presence of three tryptophan residues [1]. Nishi et al. in their experiments with desialylated and restored AGP revealed a natural tendency to form a-helixes while disulfide bonds are intermediate links between b-sheet and a-helix structures. Moreover, the absence of histidine residue in position 172 prevents the formation of a-helixes and the interaction between protein and biomembranes [2].


The invention discloses a building access control talkback and advertisement device. The building access control talkback and advertisement device comprises an entrance machine and a receiving extension. Improvements are that the building access control talkback and advertisement device further comprises a mobile terminal and a cell server; the receiving extension is communicated with the entrance machine through an R485 bus; the mobile terminal is communicated with the cell server and the entrance machine through an IP (Internet Protocol) network; the entrance machine is communicated with the cell server through a cell IP network. A building access control talkback and advertisement system is further disclosed. The building access control talkback and advertisement system comprises a main server and a plurality of building access control talkback and advertisement devices, wherein the main server is communicated with the cell server in each building access control talkback and advertisement device. By adopting the device and the system, door access can be controlled through a mobile terminal, and push and the like of business information and advertisement information to an indoor mobile terminal through the main server and the cell server can be realized.


For most Web searching applications, queries are commonly ambiguous because words or phrases have different linguistic meanings for different Web users. The conventional keyword-based search engines cannot disambiguate queries to provide relevant results matching Web users' intents. Traditional Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) methods use statistic models or ontology-based knowledge systems to measure associations among words. The contexts of queries are used for disambiguation in these methods. However, due to the fact that numerous combinations of words may appear in queries and documents, it is difficult to extract concepts' relations for all possible combinations. Moreover, queries are usually short, so contexts in queries do not always provide enough information to disambiguate queries. Therefore, the traditional WSD methods are not sufficient to provide accurate search results for ambiguous queries. In this chapter, a new model, Granular Semantic Tree (GST), is introduced for more conveniently representing associations among concepts than the traditional WSD methods. Additionally, users' preferences are used to provide personalized search results that better adapt to users' unique intents. Fuzzy logic is used to determine the most appropriate concepts related to queries based on contexts and users' preferences. Finally, Web pages are analyzed by the GST model. The concepts of pages for the queries are evaluated, and the pages are re-ranked according to similarities of concepts between pages and queries. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-324-1.ch018


Breast cancer is the second most common reason of women's deaths happening due to cancer. Early diagnosis of this disease permits treatment which enhances survival rate or avoids further clinical evaluation or breast biopsy diminishing the unnecessary expenditure. Mammography is right now the best technique for identification of breast cancer. Survival rate can be enhanced by detecting the breast cancer in early stages by using Mammogram Images. This paper presents the use of Image Registration Techniques for the enhancement of the effectiveness of interpreting digital mammograms by Artificial Neural Networks. Different Network architectures are employed for breast cancer diagnosis and their accuracy is investigated and compared.


We propose a system level dynamic power management scheme that considers interaction between CPU and WNIC, and types of workload to reduce energy consumption of handheld systems. The proposed scheme determines the clock speed (voltage) for the CPU and the power mode for WNIC according to the workload type. This mechanism works based on two observations: the consumed power of WNIC is reduced when the clock speed of CPU is increased, and the power modes of WNIC and the clock speed of CPU have different values based on the kind of workload. Experimental results show that on the average the proposed scheme reduces energy consumption by 8% for BE (best effort) workload, 3% for CBR (constant bit rate) workload, and 16% for interactive when compared to DVFS (dynamic voltage and frequency scaling) for CPU and DPM (dynamic power management) for WNIC


The author observes that regime changes,regime types and military interest groups that are closely related to the regime may influence alliance policy.Upon a regime change,the survival,security and legitimacy of the regime becomes the priority of the rulers,and alliance is one of the efficient means to satisfy this needs.These two are of interactive relation.Creditability of alliance commitment is affected by the cost of alliance commitment,and different regime types provide different anticipations for the creditability of alliance commitment.Military interest groups are able to provide the precise military situation of the home state,the ally and the rival along with a comparison of their military configuration.Thus,the military interest groups play a crucial and indispensable role in policy-making concerning alliance through internal and external gaming and trading-off.


G. Pólya described in [1] the distribution of zeros of the function under assumptions that f(t) is positive, increasing, convex function in interval (0,1), and f(0 + 0) = 0. The conditions f(0 + 0) = 0 is essential for the Pólya proof. Our aim is to study the distribution of zeros of V(z) when this condition is omitted.


This paper is the first in a series of three which attempt to resolve the difficulties that have plagued the $NN-\pi NN$ problem for the past ten years. Various theoretical inconsistencies in the current formulation have been pointed out and this work aims to eliminate these inconsistencies and so, we hope, produce agreement with experiment. This is to be done by using covariant perturbation theory, in which these inconsistencies are not present. The covariant perturbation theory is developed starting from a model Lagrangian, in order to fix notation and phases. It is shown that both old-fashioned "time-ordered" perturbation theory and the convolution integral of Kvinikhidze and Blankleider may be recovered from the covariant perturbation theory when certain approximations are made. The connection of these results with the work of Klein, L\'evy, Macke and Kadyshevsky is discussed. Two forthcoming papers will pursue this covariant calculation in the $NN-\pi NN$ system using the model and perturbation scheme developed in this paper and derive fully covariant $NN-\pi NN$ equations without the double counting problems present in previous covariant equations.


The seismic response and performance of pile-supported wharves on sloping ground is not well documented due to an historical lack of instrumentation on port structures. Although general surface observations have been made at numerous ports following recent earthquakes, much more specific soil foundation-structure-interaction data could have been obtained with the more widespread employment of instrumentation. This paper presents the results of empirical and numerical analyses of recorded strong-motion data (SMD) from an array of instruments located on a pile-supported wharf and in the adjacent free field. Data were recorded with an instrumentation array at Berth 24/25 at the Port of Oakland, California, during the M7.0 Loma Prieta earthquake. The primary objectives of this project were to evaluate the SMD and identify the limitations inherent in capturing the complete dynamic character, including soil structure interaction, of a pier or wharf with a structural model. The project is expected to serve the professional engineering community by providing guidance in selecting appropriate techniques for seismic analysis and subsequent upgrade of existing port facilities.


Coptidis Rhizoma (Chinese: Huanglian) and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (Chinese: Huangbo) are widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine, and often used in combination because of their similar pharmacological effects in clinical practice. However, the quality control methods of the two drugs are different and complicated, which is time consuming and laborious in practical application. In this paper, rapid and simultaneous determination of moisture and berberine in Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PC) was realized by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) combined with global models. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and successive projection algorithm (SPA) method were applied for variable selection. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression method (PLSR) were applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. The characteristic variables of berberine showed similarity and consistency in distribution, providing basis for the global models. For moisture content, the global model had relative standard error of prediction set (RSEP) value of 3.04% and 2.53% for CR and PC, respectively. For berberine content, the global model had RSEP value of 5.41% and 3.97% for CR and PC, respectively. These results indicated the global models based on CARS-PLS method achieved satisfactory prediction for moisture and berberine content, improving the determination efficiency. Furthermore, the greater range and larger number of samples enhanced the reliance of the global model. The NIRs combined with global models could be a powerful tool for quality control of CR and PC.


Conventional federated learning aims at enabling clients to contribute to a global training process while keeping their own data local. However, as the number of devices on the network increases, it can no longer be assumed that there is a central entity with sufficient bandwidth or computing resources to handle the volume of requests. Hence, in this paper, we consider implementing federated learning with different topologies in a network without a central entity. We compare hierarchical and decentralized topologies with varying degrees of interconnectivity. In our experiments, we use 50 clients with small CNNs and MNIST, FashinMNIST or Cifar10 datasets. Our results show that models in a decentralized network can achieve similar performances as models in a centralized network if the topology is carefully chosen. We relate the accuracy of the models to the estimated communication overhead by considering the number of communication connections required for a given topology. These results indicate that cluster topologies can leverage similarities of data distributions and mitigate the communication effort without sacrificing performance. In addition, we present a simple method to estimate the information transfer performance of a topology without empirical testing.


Many classical switching architectures have been considered for optical space-division switches.1 Although some of these architectures have been implemented with dimensionality as large as 8×8, the fabrication of larger optical switches based on 2 × 2 optical switching elements may be difficult.


Abstract The latest results of observations of magnetic star β CrB in the Li region from 1993 to 1995 are presented. β CrB was observed over a number of years. These observations were carried out at the Crimean Observatory with the 2.6-m telescope, using the coude spectrograph equipped with a CCD detector; spectral resolution 0.012 A, S/N ≥ 200. The observations cover the period of rotation of the star. To analyse the spectrum of β CrB and derive the abundance of Li the synthetic spectrum method was used. We discuss the possible isotopic shift of Li.


(Purpose) In order to that ascertain the effect on immune function and growth performance of pigs was studied fermentation beds of different padding.(Methods) 40 pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups,each group included 10 pigs.The first group is the feeding group with the fermentation beds of using crushed corn stalks mainly(corn stalks group);Group 2 is the feeding group with fermentation beds of using peanut-shell mainly(peanut-shell group);Group 3 is the feeding group with fermentation beds of using sawdust mainly(sawdust group);The forth group is the feeding group with conventional concrete floor(control group).Each group was injected with swine fever vaccine,PRRSV vaccine and swine pseudo-rabies vaccine,and was fed with according to conventional breeding methods.The experiment lasted 60 days.Rate of weight gain of each pig,serum antibody positive rate,γ-IFN and IL-4 levels,hemoglobin in the blood and the total number of lymphocytes and erythrocytes were determined at the end of experiment.(Results) The results indicate that when fed to the 60 days,the rate of weight gain of pigs in the group 1,group2 and group 3 were higher than the control group.The higher rates were separately 4.66%,7.16% and 3.56%.And the difference was significant(P 0.05).The antibody positive rate of pigs in group 1,group 2 and group 3 were higher than control group.The difference of group 1 was not significant,and the difference of group 2 and group 3 was significantly different(P 0.0001).The blood hemoglobin content,red blood cell volume and the total number of lymphocytes in group 1 were lower than the control group,and these of group 2 and 3 were both higher than the control group.And there was no significant difference.The levels of γ-IFN and IL-4 in pig serum of group 1,group 2 and group 3 were higher than the control group.But there was no significant difference.(Conclusion) Compared with the feeding group with the conventional concrete floor,the feeding groups with fermentation beds of using different padding all can improve pig growth performance and immune effects.And the fermentation beds of using corn stalks and peanut shells can significantly improve pigs' rate of weight gain growth and feed utilization.A theoretical basis and technical support of extension and application with the technology of rearing pigs with fermentation beds was provided by the results of the study.


Acid phosphatase activity in tape-strip biopsies of human stratum corneum was determined using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate following skin treatment of healthy volunteers with different surfactants at various concentrations. As a short-term effect, enhanced reduction of acid phosphatase activity with stronger surfactants and higher surfactant concentrations was detected. When the skin of panellists was exposed to surfactants in the standardized elbow washing test, a significant long-term increase of lysosomal horny layer acid phosphatase was observed after four or eight days following the final surfactant reatment. This long-term response was found to correlate very closely with the visual scoring system of erythema. Therefore, this assay may serve as a valuable tool for the prediction of skin irritancy and mildness of dilute surfactant solutions. Furthermore, this method is inexpensive, convenient, and avoids the use of animal model systems.


Objective. To conduct a literature review of studies comparing the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation using discectomy and spinal fusion.Material and Methods. A comprehensive search across four electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane) was conducted. Studies comparing the outcomes of discectomy and spinal fusion for recurrent lumbar disc herniation were analyzed. Postoperative complications, cost and duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, pain score, and recurrence rate were compared.Results. Ten studies comprising data of 1066 patients met the inclusion criteria. Discectomy was performed in 620 of them, while 446 patients underwent spinal fusion surgery. Discectomy yielded good results in VAS scores for leg and back pain, but after 3–6 months, there was no significant difference compared to spinal fusion. The recurrence rate for discectomy varied from 7.27 % to 22.91 %, while fusion had 0 % same-level recurrence. Fusion surgery had fewer complications: 1.72–28.00 % (average 11.6 %) vs 5.25–32.73 % (average 15.7 %) for discectomy. However, spinal fusion had longer operation time, greater blood loss and longer hospital stay compared to discectomy.Conclusion. Discectomy and spinal fusion are effective treatment options for recurrent lumbar disc herniation. At the same time, discectomy demonstrates a high level of initial relief of symptoms and is more cost-effective. However, the risk of recurrence is significant, and the progression of degeneration and instability may result in pain recurrence within a year. Fusion surgery provides stability and eliminates the risk of recurrence, but the main challenge is the cost of surgery. The choice of technique should be based on individual patient factors, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach should be carefully considered.


hen I came into the field of adult education through the University reflected in its commitment to small groups, where learners had experiential educational experiences in W of Maryland's Center for Adult a democratic setting. Perhaps the single most Education in 1963, 1 found a field alive with "the workshop way of learning" and a commitment to adult learning in small groups as contrasted with the lecture or panel methods. In fact, the field itself identified with small group practice, embracing as its Bible the then-wellknown book on the subject, Croup Dynamics, by Cartwright and Zander. As the field became increasingly diverse. with larger numbers of adults participating at all levels and massive federal funding available for adult basic education, small group learning gave way in the 1980s to selfdirected learning. People are tired of bureaucratic and institutionalized, hierarchical decisions. They want a voice in decisions that affect them in the workplace, in the community, in their organizations. They want decisions that reflect their values. They need the type of information necessary to come to informed choices in an atmosphere of equality and participation. They want an adult education methodology that will assist them to that end. Given this environment, the study circle concept, building on its historical roots, has new life and a contemporary focus.


With the development of space and nuclear technology, more and more polymers are used as structural and insulating materials in radiation circumstances. The variations of polymeric materials during and/or after the irradiation are widely studied by researchers. Dielectric properties of gamma-ray irradiated polymer films are measured and analysed in this paper. It is found that relative permittivity keeps almost constant with the absorbed dose and increases slightly as the dose exceeds 1*10/sup 5/ Gy for both PET and PI films. The dissipation factor of irradiated PET films increases with the dose rapidly while that of PI films shows slight decrease at the beginning of radiation. Connecting these results with the microstructure changes of polymers, we know that the chain scissions, bond cleavages and the generation of radicals are the origin of the property changes. This paper also gives the guidance for the engineering application of PET and PI films in radiation occasions.<<ETX>>


Background: Paediatric Tracheostomy is a procedure used to ventilate children through a hole in the trachea. Indications for the procedure were once primarily for acute upper airway obstruction due to infections but have now changed. Generally, there is poor knowledge surrounding tracheostomies and a limited knowledge of guidelines amongst health-care professionals.
Aim: The aim of this review is to discuss the basis of changes to the indications of paediatric tracheostomy. It  will also investigate the key complications related to the procedure and discuss the importance of multidisciplinary teams being aware of the emergency algorithms for dealing with such complications.
Findings: Indications have changed due to advancements in medicine with increased life expectancy and survival rates for children with often life threatening congenital conditions. Tracheostomies can offer these children long term ventilatory support. Upper airway obstructions due to infections are now infrequently indicated for tracheostomy due to successful vaccination programs. Complications today are because of obstructions and decannulations. Intra-operative complications are infrequent, due to refinements in surgical technique.
Conclusion: Paediatric Tracheostomy is a rapidly evolving field because of continuous advancements in neonatal and intensive care medicine. The indications and complications have changed together over the last four decades. A greater understanding of tracheostomy complications is requiredfor successful management.


Rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) accelerates the construction of charging stations, evolving into EV charging networks (EVCNs). Extreme weather may trigger the cascading failures in the EVCNs, affecting the stable operation of EV charging stations. This paper proposes an approach for predicting the cascading failures caused by hurricane considering the load shedding and the following EV load redistribution. A Bayesian network based probabilistic graphical model is established to represent the interaction between the outages of charging stations. An AC-based Cascading Failure model (ACCF) is utilized to identify the overload branch and conduct load shedding. The load redistribution is modeled by the effective resistance between the nearby charging stations. In the case study, we predict the probability of failure of EV charging systems to verify the effectiveness of the method by comparing real data for different hurricane scenarios. The result indicates that the load redistribution should not be ignored when predicting the cascading failures of EVCNs.


The Effects of Framing on Younger and Older Adults' Medical Decision-Making Deborah Rettig McKee This 2 phase study was designed to explore age-related differences in medical treatment choices due to a framing effect (survival and mortality wording affecting the choice made) and due to the influence of physician recommendations. One hundred and thirty-seven older adults and 166 younger adults completed two medical treatment questionnaires, a demographic questionnaire, and a brief math quiz. In phase 1, the medical treatment questionnaire presented options for treatment of cancer (surgery and radiation) in mortality and survival wording. In phase 2, the treatment options were presented with and without a physician recommendation. Both older and younger adults made different treatment choices when information was framed in mortality versus survival wording and when a treatment was framed as physician recommended. Simple changes in the presentation of medical information that failed to alter the meaning of the information had an impact on the treatment choice made. A physician's recommendation also affected treatment choices, but the framing effect (mortality vs survival wording affecting the choice made) persisted despite a physician's recommendation.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and electronic device for achieving refocusing, and relates to the technical field of image processing. The method and electronic device for achieving refocusing are used for lowering cost for achieving refocusing. The method comprises the steps of obtaining at least two images having different depths of field regarding an object to be photographed; obtaining instruction operation carried out by a user regarding a partial region of one of the images; determining a target region according to the instruction operation; obtaining the sharpness of the target region in each image; generating a target image according to the sharpness of the target region in each image.


Tiwald, Thomas E.; Woollam, John A.; Zollner, Stefan; Christiansen, Jim; Gregory, R. B.; Wetteroth, T.; Wilson, S. R.; and Powell, Adrian R., "Carrier concentration and lattice absorption in bulk and epitaxial silicon carbide determined using infrared ellipsometry" (1999). Faculty Publications from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 27. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/electricalengineeringfacpub/27


The H ∞ control problem of a kind of T S fuzzy systems is studied. A kind of new H ∞ output feedback fuzzy controller design method of complex nonlinear systems which can be represented by fuzzy dynamic systems is developed. The new method considers sufficiently the interactions among the fuzzysub systems.The H ∞ output feedback controller can be obtained by solving a set of suitable linear matrix inequalities. An example is given to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.


Abstract Investigations were undertaken to determine the erosion corrosion resistance of nanostructured titanium dioxide coatings in 5 vol.-%–3·5 wt-% NaCl slurry at velocities ranging from 1 to 4 m s–1 in a recirculating loop. Two types of nanopowders, spray dried and densified (AE 9342) and chemically precipitated and spray dried (AE 9303) were used. The results were compared with a conventional TiO2 coated samples (SM 102). Specimen AE 9342 showed a higher resistance compared to AE 9303. No localised corrosion on the above specimen was observed. The erosion corrosion was caused by etching of intersplat boundaries. The erosion corrosion is dependent on surface topography. A homogeneous distribution of nanoagglomerates of unmelted, partially melted nanoparticles embedded in coatings, a large area of melted zone and porosity less than 1% enhances the erosion corrosion resistance of nanostructured titanium dioxide coatings.


We do not know whether or how the rate of oxygen consumption by the cells of premature infants differs from that of full term infants. We do not know the clinical significance of subnormal body temperatures in premature infants. We do not know how much immature renal function and how much handicaps in intracellular defenses contribute to [See CHART 4, CHART 5 in Source PDF] the tendency of premature infants to develop disorders of water and acid-base balance. We do not know the nature of the deviation in ability of premature infants to absorb fat. We do not know how ascorbic acid and other dietary factors promote breaking open of the phenol ring of tyrosine or phenylalanine. We do not know what constitutes "immunity" to malaria.
 This is a doleful summary; it is a consolation to note the epigram of Rabbi Tarfon, written almost 1,900 years ago: "It is not for thee to complete the work, but neither art thou free to desist from it."


3-Sulfolenes are easily converted to the corresponding 1,3-dienes by cheletropic removal of SO2. In addition, the generation of 3-sulfolenyl anions are achieved under several reaction conditions. Therefore, 3-sulfolenes serve as butadienyl anion equivalents and this stragegy has been applied to the preparations of substituted dienes and the total synthesis of natural products.


EN 15657:2017 [1] describes methods for the determination of the characteristic structure-borne sound power of building service equipment. The so-called indirect method is based on the use of a reception plate. The method is robust for the case when the mobility of the source (building service equipment) is significantly higher than the mobility of the reception plate. The source is mounted on the plane of the reception plate. Therefore the excitation of the reception plate happens out-of-plane, the measurement is carried out by sensors sensitive to the component of the out-of-plane movement of the plate. In practice however there are situations which require the mounting of the source in wall openings, for example roller shutters in window openings or doors. In these cases the excitation happens in the soffit of the structures, the excitation takes place in-plane. The assumption then is that primarily quasi-longitudinal waves rather than bending waves are excited in the receiving building elements, but then a fast conversion of energy from quasi-longitudinal waves to bending waves takes place. A determination of the characteristic structure-borne sound power should then be possible as in the usual case of an out-of-plane mounting. To test this assumption the in-plane exitation of two reception plates was experimentally investigated.


Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a fundamental technology in the field of artificial intelligence. End-to-end (E2E) ASR is favored for its state-of-the-art performance. However, E2E speech recognition still faces speech spatial information loss and text local information loss, which results in the increase of deletion and substitution errors during inference. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel Enhancing Hybrid Architecture with Fast Attention and Capsule Network (termed En-HACN), which can model the position relationships between different acoustic unit features to improve the discriminability of speech features while providing the text local information during inference. Firstly, a new CNN-Capsule Network (CNN-Caps) module is proposed to capture the spatial information in the spectrogram through the capsule output and dynamic routing mechanism. Then, we design a novel hybrid structure of LocalGRU Augmented Decoder (LA-decoder) that generates text hidden representations to obtain text local information of the target sequences. Finally, we introduce fast attention instead of self-attention in En-HACN, which improves the generalization ability and efficiency of the model in long utterances. Experiments on corpora Aishell-1 and Librispeech demonstrate that our En-HACN has achieved the state-of-the-art compared with existing works. Besides, experiments on the long utterances dataset based on Aishell-1-long show that our model has a high generalization ability and efficiency.


Abstract : The research proposed that the representation of linguistic and contextual information be kept in working memory during reading or listening can be described as a discourse model, representing the concepts referenced in the discourse and the relations among them. The concepts in the model are hypothesized to vary in their accessibility, where accessibility is determined by the syntactic and pragmatic contexts in which the concept are introduced. Subsequent reference to a concept is a function of the interaction of the expression used to reference the concept and the concept itself. The experiments in this report demonstrate support for the discourse model view by showing that difficulty of comprehension for pronouns and the degree to which they are fully understood depends on syntactic and pragmatic variables that affect the accessibility of the pronouns' intended referents.


Through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI) is a versatile application which demands the collection and processing a large number of data, both along the spatial and frequency dimensions. Compressive sensing (CS) is an attractive approach for reducing the number of data samples, without a significant degradation of the original image that is generated using the full array aperture and frequency band. In this paper, we apply CS technique to TWRI using well known Fourier-like matrices. The proposed method applies CS independently to the data samples of the radar returns of each antenna location. It then incorporates the results into the delay-and-sum beam-forming to provide a through-the-wall radar image. Simulation results show that the proposed method can provide a high-quality radar image using less than 20% of the data samples.


A trace element study of the surface and groundwaters of Sado area in Northwestern Nigeria has been carried out. Values obtained from the determination of heavy metals in the different water sources have been interpreted with a view to identifying the factors controlling partitioning of metal contaminants as well as the possible health effects of high concentrations of some of these elements on the inhabitants. Different sample media such as well-water, stream-water, and borehole-water and dam-water were analyzed. Results show that both surface and groundwater in the study area have V, Cr, Ni, Pb and Fe concentrations above the WHO admissible levels, while the concentration of Mo in all waters is below the WHO admissible level. The mean concentration of V, Cr, As and Zn is more in the borehole water as compared to well and stream waters. This could be because of the deeper level of penetration of the borehole hence intercepting the bedrock. The concentrations of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu are higher in stream water as compared to the wells and borehole waters. The high concentrations of V, Cr, Ni, Fe and Pb in the waters could be as a result of the already high concentrations of these elements in the underlying mafic/ultramafic rocks in the area. The abnormal concentration of Cr, Ni, and Pb in the waters may introduce toxicity in humans and animals and could result in their accumulation in vital organs such as kidney, lungs, heart, gonads and skin, thereby, causing their malfunction.


Management and quality of learning is very important in the effort to realize education. Effective learning quality management will be able to influence between teacher as facilitator and learner as subject in teaching learning. This research is to know the management and quality of learning Indonesian at State Junior High School 4 Rejang Lebong. In particular this study to describe: 1). How to manage learning planning in Indonesian language, 2). How to manage the implementation of Indonesian language learning, 3). How to evaluate Indonesian learning management, 4). How innovation is done in the management of learning Indonesian language. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Methods of data collection are interviews, observation and documentation. The quality of the study of quality management of Indonesian language learning, can be concluded to contribute to learning Indonesian language. The implication of this finding is that Indonesian teachers can understand quality management in applying learning.
Keywords: Management, Quality, Learning Indonesian


Reconstruction can mean the return of something in its place of origin, rearrangement of existing material and rearranged as it is or the original event. Where in this study used the SIFT, match and homography method. Based on the results of this experiment, it was able to reconstruct panoramic images. After the stitching process on geospatial data found was a problem where the GPS data is lost and the results are still there overlap. Where the initial data has GPS data.From the experimental results, we have reconstructed the panoramic data based on geospatial data using SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) method, in which the key point results obtained by matching the original image and stitched image. It can be seen from key point results from four images namely image A = 7, image B = 16, image C = 27 and image D = 32. By summing the key points from those images, the total number of key points are 82. The average of key points will be 20.5 and the average of the run time of the program is 0.0385 second. By knowing the position of initial image coordinate on the stitched image, we know where the position of longitude and latitude is. The stitched image from an image A located in (70,16′,51.2675″S/1120,47′,32.1102″E), image B located in (70,16′,51.4336″S/1120,47′,32.2728″E), image C located in (70,16′,51.6024″S/1120,47′,32.3975″E) and image D located in (70,16′,51,8191″S/1120,47′,32.5617″E). Meanwhile, GPS coordinates point in image A lies in x, y = (205, 164) and x ′, y′ = (603.15), in image B lies in x, y = (194, 175) and x ′, y′ = (598.70), image C located in x, y = (196, 110) and x ′, y′ = (599.71) and image D located in x, y = (28, 110) and x ′, y′ = (607,130).


In the context of the ever intensifying conflict between urbanization and ecological environment,a method of factor analysis is employed to test and measure the overall urbanization level and the comprehensive quality of ecological environment in Neijiang between the years from 1999 to 2010.At the same time,by use of the theory of point elasticity in economics,an analysis is made of the ecological environment responsivity timing rules in the process of urbanization,so that a responsivity model is established for the measurement of responsivity direction and responsivity intensity.The results show that between 1999 and 2010,generally speaking,the aggregate index number for urbanization in Neijiang takes an increasing trend year by year;indices for ecological environment fluctuate quite obviously,which indicates a close relationship with the fluctuation of its many sub-indices.The ecological environment/urbanization responsivity value thus obtained can well reflect the dynamic change of the ecological environment efficiency,which is actually a dynamic change of the ecological cost paid for acquiring an urbanization of certain speed.The concept and method proposed here provides a new approach and tool for analyzing environment-urbanization relationship.


On 17 July I936, when the insurgents raised the banner of revolt against the Republican Government of Spain, an anxious world chose sides and waited. Massive military aid was supplied by Hitler and Mussolini to Franco, and later by the Soviet Union to the Republic, but officially the Spanish conflict was regarded as a civil war and this attitude was embodied in a non-intervention agreement signed by all interested governments. Some 40,000 people, however, chose to disregard official policy, and made their way to Spain in defence of the beleagured Republic. These foreign volunteers, mainly French, German, Italian, and American although more than a score of other nationalities were represented formed the first army of its kind in modern history: the International Brigades. Initially, the volunteers formed units of their own nationality or joined Spanish units holding political views similar to their own. The original units were called centurias, denoting groups of one hundred men or less, and were named after revolutionary personages, places, and dates. As they grew in number, and more volunteers arrived, their reorganization into larger units became necessary; this occurred first at Albacete at the time when four rebel columns were advancing on Madrid. These larger defence units were organized according to language and nationality, using the earlier centurias as the nucleus whenever possible; by the end of December 1936 they had been reorganized into five brigades which, in an effort to make them appear more formidable to the enemy, were called the XIth, XIIth, XIIIth, XIVth, and XVth International Brigades.1 More than 5,000 German exiles, emigres,


Above a critical surface chemistry-dependent particle loading associated with nanoscale interparticle spacing, ligand–ligand interactions—both electrostatic and steric—come into play and govern the structure and dynamics of charged oligomer-functionalized nanoparticle suspensions. We report in particular on the structure, ion transport, and rheology of suspensions of nanoparticle salts created by cofunctionalization of silica particles with tethered sulfonate salts and oligomers. Dispersion of the hairy ionic particles into medium and high dielectric constant liquids yields electrolytes with unique structure and transport properties. We find that electrostatic repulsion imparted by ion dissociation can be tuned to control the dispersion state and rheology through counterion size (i.e., Li+, Na+, and K+) and dielectric properties of the dispersing medium. Analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structure factors and the mechanical modulus shows that when the interparticle spacing approaches nanomet...


Discrepancies have been reported in the circumferential locations of mild mucosal breaks. We investigated their locations using a new method.


THE Art Nouveau is usually approached warily by historians. It is given a place in most recent surveys of architecture, but it is treated as an ornamental style and its influence deprecated. The fact that it was the most widespread expression of the period 1890–1910, which were two of the most experimental and decisive decades in the background of contemporary architecture, must somehow be explained. The style was accepted by dilettantes and by serious designers. The publicity it received was enormous. It formed the basis for much pseudo-philosophizing, and never until perhaps the Bauhaus has an art movement been so thoroughly explained and interpreted by its disciples and so strongly attacked by its critics. Today we are removed from the Art Nouveau by half a century and are perhaps able to judge whether it was a worthless, frivolous interlude or a valid expression which contributed a new viewpoint to the aesthetics of its period and left examples of value to contemporary developments.


The metals in the environment can corrode in an ordinary condition and some special conditions. The main aim of this project is to design and fabricate salt spray testing machine which is able to identify the corrosion formation in any type of metals; from this testing process we can improvise the life span of the particular metal. For example, a motorbike has a paint coated footrest made of stainless steel, so this part when comes in contact with atmosphere nearly after a year it is corroded so if salt spray testing machine is used at this point can found out that for additional coating of paint, whether it will withstand up to longer duration likewise, this process can be analysed. This salt spray testing machine is fabricated for low cost and the metals are coated and analysed. ——————————  ——————————


Some marine activities in the Barents Sea are normally ongoing year-round; others are dependent on limited weather windows. The limitations for the marine operations are the special weather conditions characterized by unpredictable Polar Low situations during the fall, winter and spring seasons, as well as cold temperatures that also are causing sea spray icing and the potential for drifting ice in certain parts of the Sea. It must also be realized that large distances combined with challenging meteorological and oceanographic criteria as well as darkness during the winter period represents a concern for evacuation and rescue, should it be necessary to abandon ships and platforms. The long distances to the locations farthest away from shore are, furthermore, out of reach of helicopter assistance. These aspects make it necessary to conduct hazard identification studies and to include all relevant historical knowledge in the hazard identification session, prior to the execution of marine operations in the Barents Sea.


Anti nutritional factors (ANF) that have been identified today are mainly present in cereals (xylans, arabinoxylans, glucans, phytic acid) and protein sources like soya, rapeseed, peas and beans (protease inhibitors, phytic acid, tannins, lectins). While the use of carbohydrases against NSP in cereals is nowadays widespread and economically feasible, the use of processed protein sources, with inactivated ANF, remains limited because of the higher price of these ingredients. ANF like protease inhibitors and lectins in soybean and alternatives like peas and beans thus still exert their negative effect on performance (1, 2, 3). Butyric acid is an excellent source of energy for the intestinal epithelium and stimulates cell proliferation and growth of the villi (4). It helps to maintain the integrity of the intestinal wall at periods of stress. The positive effect of butyrate on animal performance has been demonstrated for piglets, layers and broilers (5).


The article presents the philosophical analysis of the consumer society as a real social structure. It considers prerequisites and stages of its formation, as well as its typical features. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of problems of this society and the options for its further development. The author substantiates the opinion that the presence of diverse and conflicting views on the problems and prospects of the consumer society indicates the complexity of this phenomenon and the practical significance of its comprehension, as well as provides the essential theoretical methodological framework for the development of effective mechanisms to overcome the negative consequences associated with the evolution of the consumer society.


We read with great interest the paper by Marín-Hernández and colleagues on the potential interplay between seasonal influenza vaccination and COVID-19 outcome in Italy This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Mobile Application is the software that is used for portable devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It is compatible with Android, iOS, Harmony OS, and Windows phones. People nowadays prefer to order food via existing applications or platforms. Especially during movement control orders (MCO) of the year 2020 in Malaysia as the epidemic spreads globally. In this paper, the functionality of Fruity Healthy as fruit ordering application that allows customers to purchase fruits with only one click will be discussed. Users can shop from an online store rather than going to the physical store. Moreover, to assist farmers to expand their market sales, a fruit ordering application will help to promote their fruits through an online platform. The objectives of this project are to help farmers increase their sales market, to develop a mobile application that is used for ordering fruit and compare the scalability of the new application with the existing applications. Android Studio is the software that has been chosen to propose the application and will be written in the Java programming language. At the end of this project, users able to utilize the application for ordering and promoting fruit. It makes it easier for farmers to earn their expected salary by using the internet as a secondary platform. Customers' information will be recorded in the database so that sellers can choose who to target and how to enhance sales in the future.