ObjectiveTo survey the effect of mental abacus calculation for the purpose of providing the theoretic basis for the practice of using mental abacus calculation to explore the pupils' capacity. Methods80 pupils were assessed with Raven's Color Progressive Matrices and Basic Cognitive Test, of which 40 were received practice, while the other 40 weren't. Results(1)The score of the trained-group(109.75±14.20,0.6560± 0.2069 ,9.80±1.89) was significantly higher than that of non-trained group(98.52±17.60,0.4879±0.2532, 8.48 ±2.21) in terms of IQ, intelligence percentile rank and figure analogy(P0.01),with gender difference existing.(2)The pace and accuracy of mental abacus calculation of trained-group(0.67±0.21)were much significantly higher than that of non-trained one(0.47±0.17)(P0.01). There was also a remarkable difference between the two groups(6.25±2.01,13.50±4.30,5.13±2.18,11.00±5.35) in terms of the working memory and recognition of meaningless figure(P0.05). ConclusionMental abacus calculation indeed improves the development of pupils' capacities, like working memory mental arithmetic and the ability to differentiate figures and there is an intimate relation between mental abacus calculation and working memory; the trained-pupils' capacity to member and differentiate digits may transfer to the ability to member and differentiate the figure, implying that the capacity derived from mental arithmetic practice is able to transfer.


A routing architecture is described for very large communications networks with greater than 10,000 routing nodes and 100,000 end nodes. This architecture, called the Traveler Architecture, is designed to be independent of network configuration and to be robust even under conditions of rapid reconfiguration. Traveler is an extension of the ISO routing protocols. The Traveler architecture is designed to work with traffic characteristic of existing large networks, such as the Internet. While Traveler does not require a particular routing algorithm, it is designed to work in conjunction with families of distributed routing algorithms. Because Traveler is based on the paradigm of a human traveler, it attempts to use non-deterministic and heuristic methods rather than purely algorithmic methods to determine high quality routes between two points. Traveler builds on the Landmark and Area routing architectures.


Summary. In this study, a total of 95 ejaculates from infertile patients were investigated morphologically according to Kruger's strict criteria and 78 of the 95 ejaculates were stained for chromatin condensation with acidic aniline blue. Patients were divided into two groups based on the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa as follows: Men with normal sperm morphology <14% (Group I), and men with normal morphology >14% (Group 2). The relationship between percentage of normal sperm morphology and fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy rate was analysed. The rates were 33.7%, 57.1% and 0.0% respectively, in the first group. The corresponding values for the second group were 76.1%, 68.2% and 32.1%. The fertilization and pregnancy rates correlate significantly with morphologically normal spermatozoa.


SUMMARY In a study of the optimum population for melon when intercropped with maize, melon at 5000, 10 000, 15 000 and 20 000 plants ha−1 was intercropped with maize at 40 000 plants ha−1. Melon biomass and seed yield increased linearly with population density in mixed and pure stands while maize yield components were virtually unaffected. Intercropping reduced melon seed yields, mainly because of a reduction in number of fruits per plant, but did not affect seed size. For good weed and erosion control and increased total yields, maize can be intercropped with up to 20 000 plants ha−1 of melon.


Penke et al. (this issue) attempt to explain personality and cognition from theory rather than empirical study. This overstates the constraints on evolution, while underestimating the power of cross-species HapMap data to directly identify our evolutionary history. Independent of armchair-speculation, information benefiting human understanding, health, and well-being is flowing from exactly the research the target suggests should not be pursued. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The target begins, as does much of evolutionary psychology, from an assumption that human evolution is 'finished': that we are in an evolutionary steady-state, with directional selection and its associated linkage-disequilibrium and departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium long since washed away. This leads directly to models of residual heritability for ability as an irreducible legacy of IQ being distributed across thousands of mutable genes, and personality as a simpler system with variation retained due to correlations between genotype and survival being variable to the point of reversing in sign. This commentary focuses on the ability model and conclusions for research. The target paper ignores evidence from the HapMap (Wang, Kodama, Baldi, & Moyzis, 2006) and from candidate genes (Evans, Mekel-Bobrov, Vallender, Hudson, & Lahn, 2006) suggesting that much of human evolution has a recent history, not just over the last 500 000 years when brain size doubled, but including the period since some humans left


The plant physiology is an important professional basic course for biological,gardening,agriculture,forestry,pratacultural science and plant production in the higher education of agriculture and forestry.It is very important about how to improve the teaching quality through some useful teaching methods.This paper discussed the way to improve teaching quality from focusing the important and difficult points,using proper teaching methods,improving teaching art and strengthening experiment teaching.


A rereading of the American scientific literature on sex determination from 1902 to 1926 leads to a different understanding of the construction of the Mendelian‐chromosome theory after 1910. There was significant intellectual continuity, which has not been properly appreciated, underlying this scientific "revolution." After reexamining the relationship between the ideas of key scientists, in particular Edmund B. Wilson and Thomas Hunt Morgan, I argue that, contrary to the historical literature, Wilson and Morgan did not adopt opposing views on Mendelism and sex determination. Rather, each preferred a non‐Mendelian explanation of the determination of sex. Around 1910, both integrated the Mendelian and non‐Mendelian theories to create a synthetic theory. One problem was the need to avoid an overly deterministic view of sex while also accepting the validity of Mendelism. Morgan's discovery of mutations on the X chromosome takes on different significance when set in the context of the debate about sex determination, and Calvin Bridges's work on sex determination is better seen as a development of Morgan's ideas, rather than a departure from them. Conclusions point to the role of synthesis within fields as a way to advance scientific theories and reflect on the relationship between synthesis and explanatory "pluralism" in biology.


"Energy Policies can provide far long productive development in developing countries like India and can generate amount of employment in the sector. However, limited policies can mean loss of development of new technologies and untenable growth. Good and prolific energy policies are already in place in India, but for supernumerary energy opportunities, it is required to have continuous expansion and examination of supporting system which will promote growth and lead us to secure imminent energy requirements. Smart energy system is required while integrating various different sectors to utilized 100% renewable energy present in different renewable energy infrastructure."


This paper is based on incomplete information game analysis of the relationship between enterprise technology reinnovation and government compensation.The results showed that: enterprise technology re-innovation expected profit has a positively related to the resources which are accumulated in the previous innovation failure utility to play in the technology re-innovation; enterprise technology re-innovation expected profit has a positively related to the probability of enterprise technology re-innovation success; the probability of enterprise technology re-innovation success and enterprises obtain government compensation of probability positively related; the probability of government compensation is negatively correlated to the compensation standard; government expected social welfare has a positively related to the incremental social welfare which is brought by enterprise technology re-innovation; based on the probability of enterprise technology re-innovation success enterprises make a decision on whether re-innovation and the government make a decision about whether compensates on the previous failed innovations.


The zero capacity region for hexagonal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(d,k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> run-length constraints is known for many, but not all, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The pairs <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(d,k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for which it has been unproven whether the capacity is zero or positive consist of: (i) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=d+2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d\ge 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; (ii) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=d+3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d \ge 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; (iii) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=d+4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> when either <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d=4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is odd and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d \ge 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; and (iv) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=d+5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d=4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Here, we prove the capacity is zero in case (i) when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \le d \le 9$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, in case (ii) when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 \le d \le 11$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and in case (iii) when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d \in \{ 4,5,7,9 \}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We also prove the capacity is positive in case (ii) when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d \in \{1,2\}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, in case (iii) when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d = 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and in case (iv). The zero capacities for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=d+4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are the first and only known cases equal to zero when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k-d > 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. All of our results are obtained by developing three algorithms that automatically and rigorously assist in proving either the zero or positive capacity results by efficiently searching large numbers of configurations. The proofs involve either upper bounding the number of paths through certain large directed graphs, finding forbidden strings, or building distinct tileable square labelings. Some of the proofs examine over 20 billion cases using a supercomputer. In Part I of this two-part series, it is proven that the capacity is zero for all of case (i), and for case (ii) whenever <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d \ge 7$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Thus, the only remaining unknown cases are now when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k=d+4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, for any odd <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d \ge 11$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.


Citation for published version: Mozaffar, H, Williams, R, Cresswell, K, Pollock, N, Morrison, Z & Sheikh, A 2017, The challenges of implementing packaged hospital electronic prescribing and medicine administration systems in UK hospitals: Premature purchase of immature solutions? in M Aanestad, M Grisot, O Hanseth & P Vassilakopoulou (eds), Information Infrastructures within European Health Care: Working with the Installed Base. vol. VI, Health Informatics, Springer, pp. 129-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51020-0


Industrial resolutions that are increasingly developing make many transitions in all fields. The increasing use of fuel for vehicles makes Indonesia's fuel stocks run low. Electric vehicles are one type of vehicle that uses electricity. The presence of electric vehicles is expected to be a solution to save fuel oil. Another advantage of electric vehicles is that electric vehicles produce low emissions so that apart from irritating fuel stocks, air pollution will also be reduced. However, the presence of electric vehicles is still a pro and contra in society. One of the media where people express their opinions is the social media Youtube. Testing was carried out using the K-Fold Cross Validation and the Naïve Bayes algorithm. From this test, an accuracy value of 82% was obtained with the polarity of the sentiment obtained, namely negative sentiment of 82% while positive sentiment of 18%. The purpose of this study is to determine the polarity of sentiment and the accuracy value obtained. It is hoped that this research can be properly conveyed to related parties for future progress


Endophytic bacteria hold an assurance for better plant growth and crop production.But the potential of endophytic bacteria has not been studied with reference to the coarse grain so far.Finger millet is a rain-fed crop which is highly nutritious and can be seen as a mean to ensure food security and agricultural sustainability in the long run.Endophtyic bacteria were isolated from roots,stems and leaves of this crop collected from different areas of the district Darbhanga.The samples were surface sterilised and isolated by culturing on NA medium.The endophytic bacterial isolates were then analysed morphologically using Gram's staining and at molecular level using PCR amplification.It was found that 52.17% (24) and 47.83% (22) were Gram positive and Gram negative respectively. Out of total endophytic bacterial isolates, 7 isolates were detected as Pseudomonas sp .Thus,it can be concluded that endophytic bacteria hold an assurance for better plant growth and crop production.


Currently 80% of donor lungs are not accepted for transplantation, often due to fluid overload. Our aim was to investigate if forced fluid infusion may be replaced by a new pharmacological therapy to stabilize circulation after brain death in an animal model, and to assess therapy effects on lung function and morphology trough blood gas parameters and state‐of‐the‐art High‐resolution CT (HRCT).


Seedling emergence may be suppressed by dense ground cover causing species frequency to vary where ground cover ranges from moderate to dense. An experiment was conducted to determine how many comm...


4067 Background: Response rate captures anti-tumor efficacy and displays the percentage of patients with relevant tumor shrinkage, but does not address the magnitude of response.Therefore, Waterfall plot analyses (WPA) have been used in a single examination for ACRC with conventional chemotherapy (Grothey, ASCO GI ´07). To assess activity of different regimen with 'targeted' drugs, WPA were done on 2 similarly designed rand. 1st line ACRC trials with bevacizumab (B) or cetuximab (C): AIO 0604: XELOX-B vs. XELIRI-B (Schmiegel, ASCO ´07; N=255) and AIO 0104: XELOX-C vs. XELIRI-C (Heinemann, ESMO ´06; N=185). Methods: The percentage change according to RECIST criteria from baseline was evaluated at time of best response. Average reduction in tumor burden (ARTB) was calculated as difference in waterfall area under curve divided by the number of pts. In addition, median reduction in tumor burden (MRTB), which might be preferable as the inherent ceiling effects preclude normal distribution, was calculated. From...


This study focuses on the utilization of rice husk ash (RHA) in replacement of cement to reduce expansion due to alkali silica reaction. Mortar bar specimens were prepared incorporating RHA in various dosages (10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight in replacement of cement) and examined in accordance with American standard ASTM C1260. Strength activity index of RHA was also determined. The results showed that the RHA fulfills the strength activity requirements of ASTM. In addition, RHA replacement (10-40% by cement weight) was found to be effective in suppressing the alkali–silica reaction expansion. Keywords-concrete; alkali silica reaction; rice husk ash


Sneath, P. H. A., M. J. Sackin, and R. P. Ambler (Medical Research Council Microbial Systematics Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, England, and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, Scotland) 1975. Detecting evolutionary incompatibilities from protein sequences. Syst. Zool. 24:311-332. The study of evolutionary phenomena such as reticulate evolution, gene transfer, convergence and mosaic evolution, and their differentiation from mistaken evolutionary homology (i.e., orthology), requires methods for detecting cladistic incompatibilities. Protein sequences are potentially valuable for such investigations, and for these two main strategies are proposed. Strategy (a) is to look for unexpected similarities between segments of the sequences using cross-association or similar methods. Strategy (b) (which assumes satisfactory prior alignment of the sequences) is to compare the sites in the sequence and test whether the observed co-occurrences would readily fit a single cladogram; for this Le Quesne's method of testing for cladistic incompatibilities has been adapted to protein sequences. Studies have been made on a number of cytochromes. Strategy (a) reveals unexpected high similarity among the N-terminal portions of some eukaryote and prokaryote cytochromes, and there appear to be several short segments that differ in their patterns of similarity. It is not yet clear whether functional requirements or gene transfer is the explanation. Strategy (b) has been tested on sequences where the evolutionary history appears straightforward and also on simulated disturbances of cladogeny and homologization. It seems to be a sensitive technique for such studies. Strategy (b) has also the advantage that it should permit the partitioning of characters into sets that may reflect different evolutionary behavior even when such sets cannot be distinguished by inspection. Preliminary trials suggest that such sets could be recovered by cluster analysis of character compatibility matrices. [Evolutionary Incompatibilities; Protein sequences.] There is a growing interest in detecting and distinguishing such evolutionary phenomena as gene transfer, convergence, mosaic evolution and mistaken phylogenetic homologies (Farris, 1971; Sneath and Sokal, 1973; Sneath, 1974). The methods proposed for such studies usually require the comparison between relationships based upon different sets of characters. Farris (1971) has discussed at some length the question of cladistic incompatibility between character sets as defined by Camin and Sokal (1965), that is the phenomenon whereby different sets of characters imply different topocladograms (cladograms recording only topology: Sneath, 1974). He has noted that mosaic evolution, i.e. faster evolution in some sets of characters than in others (De Beer, 1954), causes incongruence in the phenetic similarities implied by such sets-in other words it causes phenetic incompatibilities, and results in different orthocladograms (cladograms with minimum evolutionary distances associated with each internode; Sneath, 1974). In principle, therefore, one can distinguish mosaic evolution from homoplasia by methods suggested by Farris. However, it has been pointed out (Sneath, 1974) that other evolutionary phenomena (which we will here treat as exceptional ones)-gene transfer and mistaken phylogenetic homology (orthology in the sense of Fitch, 1970)-can also lead to phenetic or cladistic incompatibilities. The exceptional phenomena can in principle be distinguished, provided that the evolution in those parts of the phylogeny that are not involved in the exceptional phenomenon has been substantially constant and


Method of quantifying a target analyte by mass spectrometry includes the first known amount of the first calibration material comprises a second known amount of the second calibration material, potentially from a single sample containing a target analyte It includes a first calibrator signal includes a second calibrator signal, potentially includes obtaining mass analyzer signal containing a target analyte signal. Unlike the first known amount and a second known amount, the first calibrator, second calibration material and the target analyte can be respectively identified in a single sample by mass spectrometry. The method also includes first calibrator signal, using a second calibration material signal and target analyte signal, to quantify the target analytes in a single sample.


The aim of our study is to delineate the characteristics of fluid flow comprising single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) along the surface of a Riga plate fixed in a porous environment. We carried out in-depth comparative analysis to depict the behavior of SWCNTs and MWCNTs when water and kerosene oil are used as base fluids. Homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions generated a significant impact on flow dynamics; furthermore, we also discuss the impact of viscous dissipation. We assembled numerical solutions for non-dimensionalized ordinary differential equations with the help of the shooting technique; moreover, by employing the same procedure, we report the conduct of dominating parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The results show highly desirable skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number values, which we exhibit in terms of tabular data.


This study aims to determine the relationship between peer conformity and the tendency to become addicted to social media tiktok in the youth community across Ulu 2 Palembang. This research was conducted on teenagers in the tiktokcrew community to see the high and low peer conformity that affects the tendency to become addicted to tiktok social media. This study uses quantitative research methods, while the data collection used purposive sampling technique. The subjects of this study were 152 subjects who became members of the tiktokcrew community. measurements were carried out using a Likert scale measuring instrument Analysis of the results of this study using SPSS version 20.0 analysis. there are regression results showing r = 0.824 r2 = 0.678 P = 000 (p <0.05). The results of the analysis obtained indicate that there is a very significant relationship between peer conformity and the tendency of tiktok social media addiction of 67.8%, thus the proposed hypothesis is accepted.


The wavelet analysis can divide signals into different frequency sects, and provide with showing the local character ability of signals in both time and frequency domains. The oscillation-noise detection method of motor fault based wavelet analysis takes advantage of the wavelet analysis, which can effectively manage the sharp change of the unstable signals. Based on the multiscale analysis of the instant signal of the motor oscillation-noise faults, our method can on line detect the faults and the types of the motor effectively. So the simulation results have been proved to have good effect.


In 2008, the Indiana University School of Medicine, in collaboration with the School of Education, admitted its first student to a newly approved PhD program focusing on anatomical education rather than biomedical research. This 5‐year training program includes coursework in anatomy (31 h), education (18 h), statistics (6 h), electives (9 h), and an educational research project (26 h). To date, 5 women and 4 men have entered the program. Eight of the students entered with master's degrees in such disciplines as anatomy (3), public health (2), medical illustration, entomology, and education. One student entered the program after the first year of medical school. Their average undergraduate GPA was 3.49; average graduate GPA was 3.79; and average GRE scores were 679 (Q), 540 (V), and 4.6 (W). Going forward, we have identified three imperatives to sustain the program's vitality: First, in the absence of large training grants, sustained funding sources must be secured to provide students with assistantships and money to support their educational research. Second, as the school moves from discipline‐specific courses to an integrated medical curriculum, new graduate courses may need to be developed to compensate for the loss of medical courses currently required for the PhD students. Third, and perhaps most importantly, a cadre of medical education researchers must be cultivated to serve as mentors for the PhD students.


106 HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is not the only cause of kidney disease in patients with HIV infection. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is more common in HIV-infected persons than in the general population and is associated with poor health outcomes. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also increasing in the HIV-infected population, with a growing burden of CKD related to comorbid diabetes and hypertension. Dr Wyatt presented a series of cases to illustrate the issues of kidney disease in HIV infection.


SUBTITLE: CLERICI LOGISTICS GROUP BELIEVES THAT COOPERATION BETWEEN THE MEDITERRANEAN'S FREIGHT TERMINALS IS THE MEANS OF WINNING BACK BUSINESS FROM NORTH EUROPEAN COUNTERPARTS.


in this study we investigate voice productions of normal speakers and patients with varying vocal fold adduction deficiencies using a noninvasive method to measure spatial vibrations of the larynx. the current version accv4 of our acceleration sensor device was used. The study's primary goal is to find out whether lesions of vocal folds lead to additional spatial vibration modes compared to a non-disordered voice. our results allow to assume that the composition of spatial vibration modes at the skin over the cricothyroid ligament may depend on the symmetry of vocal fold movements.


A retrospective evaluation of radionuclide liver and spleen scintigraphy (LS), ultrasonography (US), and computed tomography (CT) was performed in 88 patients who had pathologically proven cutaneous melanoma. In patients who had all three examinations (n=24), the matrix analysis showed that CT was significantly more sensitive (0.94) in detecting intra-abdominal metastasis when compared to US (0.62, P<0.05) and LS (0.38, P<0.01). Sixty-four patients had only US and LS studies. In this group of patients US was found to be more sensitive than LS, 0.88 and 0.54 respectively (P<0.01). Furthermore, when CT was compared with US, CT was shown to detect metastases significantly earlier than US (P=0.03). Overall, CT provided the most accurate means for detecting the intra-abdominal metastases of cutaneous melanoma.


(57) Abstract: human blood, for measuring the concentration of lipoproteins and / or apolipoprotein such as HDL and LDL in serum or plasma, using antibodies immunoreactive with a particular apolipoproteins the compositions and methods are described. Specifically bind to epitopes present in apolipoprotein, Apo B-100, Apo AI, Apo A-II, rapid levels of Apo C-III and Apo-E specific blood apolipoproteins and lipoproteins including and to allow a reliable measurement, whereby the monoclonal antibody allows the determination of the ratio of HDL and LDL and LpaI and LpaII (MAb) is described. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is a strip of solid phase material coated with one or more antibodies, and referred to herein as a "dipstick". Dip stick, when immersed in the protein sample, which specifically binds to lipoproteins or apolipoprotein. The amount of apolipoprotein bound to amount or dipstick lipid associated with the bound lipoprotein is quantified by appropriate methods. For example, the reaction of staining or labeled secondary antibody with a lipid stain. Staining intensity dead flop stick is quantified by comparison with a standard proportional to the concentration of lipoprotein lipid or apolipoprotein circulating in the blood, and containing a known amount of lipid.


AIM
To explore the use of paradigms as ontological and philosophical guides for conducting PhD research.

BACKGROUND
A paradigm can help to bridge the aims of a study and the methods to achieve them. However, choosing a paradigm can be challenging for doctoral researchers: there can be ambiguity about which paradigm is suitable for a particular research question and there is a lack of guidance on how to shape the research process for a chosen paradigm.

DISCUSSION
The authors discuss three paradigms used in PhD nursing research: post-positivism, interpretivism and pragmatism. They compare each paradigm in relation to its ontology, epistemology and methodology, and present three examples of PhD nursing research studies to illustrate how research can be conducted using these paradigms in the context of the research aims and methods. The commonalities and differences between the paradigms and their uses are highlighted.

CONCLUSION
Creativity and flexibility are important when deciding on a paradigm. However, consistency and transparency are also needed to ensure the quality and rigour necessary for conducting nursing research.

IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH/PRACTICE
When choosing a suitable paradigm, the researcher should ensure that the ontology, epistemology and methodology of the paradigm are manifest in the methods and research strategies employed.


Those States that have adopted the Convention on Human Rights as part of their constitutional block have a number of responsibilities and obligations in terms of protection, guarantee and satisfaction of the prerogatives that emanate from that instrument. Among the commitments that the Inter-American System imposes is the application of the control of convention, a principle that is based on the necessity that the judicial decisions taken by the judges are in agreement with the stipulations determined in the mentioned Convention and with the pertinent ones and Interpretations that the Inter-American Court has carried out on it. The above, under penalty of generating a responsibility at international level for its noncompliance. Keywors: Humans rights, Interamerican system, American convention, Inter-American Court, Convention control, Protection, Colombia.


Beware of the green menace! I am not referring here to little critters from Mars, the long arm of capitalism, or environmentalists who have chained themselves to liberated dairy cattle. I speak of something far worse. This menace has two beady eyes, ten legs (two of which are heavily armed), a hard outer shell, and an insatiable appetite for bivalve mollusks. Of course, I can only be talking about one thing—the European green crab (Figure 1).


Abstract A series of forty cases of typical infectious mononucleosis has been studied in which twenty-one (55 per cent) of the patients showed moderate to severe hepatic functional involvement or hepatitis as evidenced by a battery of liver function tests. A number of additional patients in the group exhibited milder hepatic involvement on the basis of one or two positive tests. It has not been found feasible to differentiate the type of liver involvement in these patients with infectious mononucleosis and hepatic dysfunction from that in cases of acute epidemic or sporadic hepatitis. One must rely on the clinical picture, especially the presence of pharyngitis, the type of lymphocytic reaction, and the titer of the heterophile antibodies. The character of the liver function disturbances in these patients points to the presence of both hepato-cellular and cholangiolar liver injury. This evidence together with the histologic findings reported in the literature tends to refute the theory that jaundice in infectious mononucleosis is due to an extrahepatic obstruction of the common bile duct by enlarged lymph nodes. The literature on the subject of hepatic involvement in infectious mononucleosis is reviewed.


The Nuclear Integrated Multimission Spacecraft (NIMS) is designed for communications, surveillance, navigation and meteorelogical missions. This study assesses th attributes of the Dynamic Isotope Power System (DIPS) for this spacecraft. These attributes include cost, system and mission compatibility, and survivability. (LCL)


Background: Many studies have used iliac crest as the source of mesenchymal stem cells. In cases of long bone shaft fracture, obtaining marrow from the fracture site offers more advantages. Nevertheless, due to the high number of fat cells in long bones, the yellow marrow of long bones is believed to contain lower number of mesenchymal stem cells than red marrow. Therefore the aim of this study is to compare the potency between red and yellow marrow as the donor site for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cell. Methods: Bone marrow of eight giant Flemish rabbits was aspirated from the iliac crest and femoral shaft. Mononuclear cells were isolated from both aspirates and expanded in low glucose DMEM. After eight weeks, the cells were harvested and counted using improved Neubauer hemocytometer. Comparison of the cell number between the two donor sites was then performed by t-test. Results: After 8 weeks, an average number of 2.93±0.91 x 10 4 and 3.7±2.50 x 10 4 cells were obtained from the iliac and femoral group respectively. No statistically signifi cant difference was found between those two groups (p= 0.45). Conclusion: Plastic-adherent cells can be isolated and expanded from both iliac crest and femoral shaft. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:100-4)


We agree with Drs Perales-Marı́n, Morales-Rosello and Quiroga that the best approach for widespread introduction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing is to offer the test contingent on the results of the first-trimester combined test (maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency thickness and serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A levels). We also agree that the primary aim of cfDNA testing should be detection of trisomy 21, rather than trisomies 18 and 13 which can be identified easily by the combined test. We have estimated previously1 that the respective detection rate (DR) and false-positive rate (FPR) in screening for trisomy 21 by the combined test are 85% and 2.1% at a risk cut-off at the time of screening of 1 in 100, 93% and 7.2% at a risk cut-off of 1 in 500, 95% and 11.9% at a risk cut-off of 1 in 1000, 97% and 19.0% at a risk cut-off of 1 in 2000 and 98% and 24.3% at a risk cut-off of 1 in 3000. As with any screening test, increased DR is inevitably achieved at the expense of increased FPR. The UK National Screening Committee has recommended that the cfDNA test should be offered to women with a risk ≥ 1 in 150 at term, which is equivalent to a risk of 1 in 100 at the time of first-trimester screening2; we disagree with this policy, because this means that the cfDNA test would be offered to only about 2% of the population and the overall DR of trisomy 21 would be, at best, only 85%. The cost of the cfDNA test is decreasing and this trend will be accelerated by its rapidly increasing uptake. We agree with Drs Perales-Marı́n, Morales-Rosello and Quiroga that, in a national program, a more reasonable risk cut-off for offering the cfDNA test is 1 in 500, whereby the test would be carried out in < 10% of the population, with a substantial increase in DR in comparison to that currently achievable.


An APF (adaptive proportional fair) algorithm is proposed by studying those wireless packets scheduling algorithms supporting best-effort service. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is of more proportional fairness as compared to Proportional Fairness scheduling and DRC exponent rule when users experience quite different channel conditions.


Context. The determination of meteoroid mass indices is central to flux measurements and evolutionary studies of meteoroid populations. However, different authors use different approaches to fit observed data, making results difficult to reproduce and the resulting uncertainties difficult to justify. The real, physical, uncertainties are usually an order of magnitude higher than the reported values. Aims. We aim to develop a fully automated method that will measure meteoroid mass indices and associated uncertainty. We validate our method on large radar and optical datasets and compare results to obtain a best estimate of the true meteoroid mass index. Methods. Using MultiNest, a Bayesian inference tool that calculates the evidence and explores the parameter space, we search for the best fit of cumulative number vs. mass distributions in a four-dimensional space of variables ( a,b, X 1 , X 2 ). We explore biases in meteor echo distributions using optical meteor data as a calibration dataset to establish the systematic offset in measured mass index values. Results. Our best estimate for the average de-biased mass index for the sporadic meteoroid complex, as measured by radar appropriate to the mass range 10 -3 > m > 10 -5 g, was s = −2.10 ± 0.08. Optical data in the 10 -1 > m > 10 -3 g range, with the shower meteors removed, produced s = −2.08 ± 0.08. We find the mass index used by is substantially larger than we measure in the 10 -4 m -1 g range.


A 120-m length, loading/unloading, pier at Kuwait Naval Base (KNB) is an open quay type. The pier face was protected by timber fender piling system. The system did not include any wale members. Both of the fender and pier elements undergo multiple deterioration. Urgently, the loading pier is expected to receive a bigger ship size than the designed one (6000 ton). The expected size of cargo ship is 10000-40000 ton. It was requested to install a fendering system in such a way to perform the next major concrete repair easily and limit the eccentric berthing reaction force to 450 KN. Therefore, the proposed fender system was completely detached from the quay. To meet the condition of allowed horizontal reaction force we employed the fender piles as part of berthing forces absorption system. This was effective approach where about 15% of the energy absorbed by the pile itself before the fender touch the copping beam, and then it absorbs about 10% after the fender had been deflected. The balance of the energy is absorbed by the fender units itself. Eventually, the performance of overall system resulted in reaction force less than the limit value and safe operation.


Ideally, presidential elections should be decided based on how the candidates would handle issues facing the country. If so, knowledge about the voters' perception of the candidates should help to forecast election outcomes. We make two forecasts of the winner of the popular vote in the U.S. Presidential Election. One is based on voters' perceptions of how the candidates would deal with issues (problems facing the country) if elected. We show that this approach would have correctly picked the winner for the three elections from 1996 to 2004. The other is based on voters' preference for policies and their perceptions of which policies the candidates are likely to pursue. Both approaches lead to a forecast that Democrat candidate Barack Obama will win the popular vote.


The Franco regime never developed a defence and security policy to deal with external threats but rather to contain the «domestic enemy». Franco did not wish to have a modern Army but obedient Armed Forces loyal under any circumstances. After the Spanish Civil War there was an element of aggression towards France. Deployments in the field, however, tell a story far more meaningful than any conceptual prioritisations. Those deployments were clearly directed against the opponents of the dictatorship, whether they were armed or not. In this sense, the crucial security link with the United States was extremely helpful in enhancing the domestically-oriented deterrent. This notwithstanding, when Franco Spain was confronted for the first time with an external threat, i. e., Morocco over the territories of Ifni and Spanish Sahara the initial logistical and operational debacle was very serious and showed the limitations of a policy directed against the «enemy within».


The antibody response of mice to α‐1,3 linked dextran is shown to be controlled by a heavy chain variable region gene, VH‐DEX. The map distance between this gene and the heavy chain allotype locus is estimated to be 0.3 recombination units.


This paper discusses youth employment problems in Korea. Though the macroeconomic conditions have undoubtedly affected the deterioration of youth labor market, Youth unemployment has not been improved markedly in spite of the recent economic recovery. Two aspects are discussed here. Firstly, the firms' hiring of young workers has been decreased because of the increasing dependence on the experienced workers. Secondly, the out-of-school joblessness is high due to the poor school-to-work transitions. And this paper investigates how the early labor market experiences affect the afterward outcomes. The sequences of fixed-term employment or unemployment decreases the hazard rate into the stable employment. And the frequent job mobilities make little contribution to the improving career match.


We report that nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) signals from liquid crystals (LCs) excited by near IR ultrafast pulses can probe local molecular orientations of LCs. The two laser pulses are selected out of a single broadband Ti:sapphire laser by a pulse shaper and focused on LC samples to generate strong FWM signals. We demonstrate laser-scanning FWM microscopy with topological defects in a smectic A LC material. The image contrast originates from the anisotropic nonlinear response of LC molecules and the high signal sensitivity allows fast depth-resolved imaging.


The invention discloses a steel ingot inner defect ultrasonic wave A scanning identification method. An ultrasonic wave A scanning function is used, steel ingot ultrasonic wave defect feature waveforms can be obtained, and then the specific position and the shape feature of a defect are obtained. Operability is high, waveform feature description is accurate, detecting results are visual and reliable, defect type feature classifying is clear, and beneficial judging foundations are provided for defect quantitative, qualitative and locating final judging. Defects are found in time and classified reasonably at a cast condition, so that during forging, a reasonable forging technology can be well used for fully smashing cast-condition crystalline grains, and the fact that a forge piece has no defects is guaranteed. Accurate prediction foundations are provided for steel ingot quality assessment, forging operation card designing, product mechanical property assessment and the like, and effective quality guarantee is provided for universal forging operation card removing in a following forging process.


......................................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... iii Authorship .................................................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... xii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Background ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Global Trends in Urbanization Cause Change in Local Demographics ................ 5 2.2 Generational Gaps Cause Social Exclusion in Rural Communities ......................... 7 2.3 Bridging Generational Gaps and Fighting Social Exclusion Through Use of Technology ............................................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Fighting Social Exclusion Strengthens Community Identity .................................... 10 2.5 Strengthening the Community Identity on Møn ............................................................ 10 Chapter 3: Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Developing a Human Centered Design ............................................................................... 14 3.2 Project Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 15 3.3 Objective 1: Identify Requirements for Platform .......................................................... 16 3.3.1 Interview with Sponsoring Organization Founders .......................................... 17 3.4 Objective 2: Assess Web Platform Options....................................................................... 18 3.4.1 Selection of Platform Options ..................................................................................... 18 3.5 Objective 3: Develop a Prototype ......................................................................................... 19 3.5.1 Student Workshops ......................................................................................................... 19 3.5.2 Adult Workshops .............................................................................................................. 21 3.6 Objective 4: Evaluate the Platform ...................................................................................... 23 3.6.1 Interviews ............................................................................................................................ 23 Chapter 4: Results and Analysis ........................................................................................................... 26


NOTE: This book has been updated online as of June 3, 2009. Because this PDF file contains updated pages, please include the URL (www.EastWestCenter.org/pubs/3202) and the access date when citing this PDF file.


Dong Zhongshu occupies a key position in the philosophy or ideology of East and West Hans.Mou Zongsan's study of Dong not only linked Dong with Jia Yi and with the ages before and after the rule of Emperor Han Wu but also connected closely Dong with the back-to-the-ancients movement and the strategy of "advocating only the Confucianism,getting rid of others".He analyzed the contribution and validity of Dong's thought and also pointed out his limits.Mou's methods of combining philosophy with history,politics,culture and aesthetics are still prospective and significant in giving lessons.


A "usable speech" extraction system was proposed (Yanatorno, 1998) to separate co-channel speech into "usable" frames that are minimally corrupted by interfering speech. Studies indicate that a significant amount of cochannel speech can be considered "usable" for speaker identification (SID). Therefore, it is necessary to establish criteria for usable speech frames for SID. Voiced speech, of which usable speech is entirely comprised, is shown to be information rich for SID. In addition, SID accuracy increases as the frame-based target to interferer ratio (TIR) increases when evaluated independently of the amount of available segments. Krishnamachari et al. (2000) developed a frame-based spectral autocorrelation ratio (SAR) technique for determining usable frames within co-channel speech. The ability of the SAR method to determine usable frames at various thresholds is examined. This paper investigates the effectiveness of a frame-based usable speech extraction technique for speaker identification.


According to the key problems of current domestic synthesis process of 2-Chlorobenzyl Chloride, effective improvement had been studied by applying advanced reaction rectification technology to increase the reaction conversion to 78%; Therefore, the production cost was reduced. The results indicated that the improvement is of remarkable economic and social benefits with prospects of being applied extensively.


Practice with speeches from American films: Two engineering students in Paris performed this scene with Rocky Balboa. They explain: This is our interpretation of a very moving scene of the movie "Rocky" (2006) in which Rocky Balboa pleads his case before the Pennsylvania Athletic Commission. It has been uploaded for our English class. ...


The following theorem is a special case of [1, Proposition 95], a result which requires highly technical methods. The proof we give is elementary. Let (Rx) denote a family of filtered rings, each with weak algorithm, and for each X let vx be a filtration for which Rx satisfies the weak algorithm. By the criterion [2, p. 335] each Rx contains a set Xx and a subdivision ring Kx= {aCRx: vx(a) <0} such that each element has a unique expression


The expansion of obesity is currently a black box for health policy analysts and demands additional empirical insights to better understand the potential socio-economic processes behind. These effects are likely to be gender and environmental specific as well as country specific. Interestingly enough, there is hardly any comparative analysis though there are wide cross-country differences. For instance, while the obesity prevalence rate is about 9% in Italy, reaches 13% in Spain. Comparing these two countries can be quite insightful as far as they are subject to similar dietary patterns and overall economic conditions, but differ according to environmental and socio-economic health production determinants. This paper contributes to the literature in the following way. First, we analyse and compare the factors that explain the BMI in Italy and Spain, by using country specific survey data (Encuesta Nacional de Salud-2003 and the Indagine sugli Aspetti della Vita Quotidiana-2003, for Spain and Italy respectively). Second, after appending the two datasets gender and cross-country differentials on BMI are analysed so as to disentangle the underlying explanatory factors, by undertaking quantile regression techniques and recently developed bootstrapped counterfactual decomposition methods (Machado and Mata, 2000). Thirdly, we proceed by analysing and comparing the determinants of the prevalence and the degree of obesity in each country and the cross-country differentials by using the Fairlie (2006) decomposition method. Our preliminary results suggest that different patterns affect the prevalence of obesity in both countries. Moreover, whilst gender differences are large in Spain they are not in Italy. However, both in Italy and Spain, evidence about regional patterns in obesity suggests that large heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of obesity calls upon the role of environmental and cultural factors behind its generation. Finally, we estimate that approximately 16% of total BMI country differential is due to a higher proportion of low educated people in Spain.


A homogeneous CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution has an ordered cation arrangement and exhibits the highest oxygen storage/release capacity (OSC) among several types of CeO2-ZrO2 with the same composition (Ce/Zr = 1). The crystal structure of this CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution is usually termed the "κ-CeZrO4 phase". Its OSC performance degrades upon high-temperature treatment under an oxidative atmosphere. Using Ce K- and Zr K-edges XAFS and powder XRD, this research investigated the structural change along with the thermal degradation of κ-CeZrO4. The fresh sample was aged at 973 K, 1273 K and 1473 K under an oxidative atmosphere. Their OSC performances were characterized at 773 K by a thermo-gravimetric method. The OSC performance deteriorated in the order: the fresh sample ≈ 973 K > 1273 K > 1473 K-aged samples. We also found that, if the temperature went beyond 1273K, the Ce/Zr ordered arrangement would collapse, and the local structure around Ce and Zr ions would also be changed remarkably. These results indicated that the OSC was strongly dependent on the atomic structure.


Visible to near‐infrared transient spectra were measured for thin films of three substituted polyacetylenes with a time‐resolution ≤300 fs. A hot self‐trapped exciton (STE) and an oppositely charged, spatially confined soliton–antisoliton pair were temporally and spectrally resolved in detail, which reveals a formation process of the localized excitations with geometrical relaxation taking place within a subpicosecond time scale. The hot STE showing an exponential decay (τ=115–135 fs) has a spectral peak in the energy region of 1.4–1.5 eV. The transition energies from the hot STE both to continuum state and to a biexciton state are discussed with referring to strength of the Coulomb interactions between the conjugated π electrons. The soliton–antisoliton pair which decays with a power‐law behavior has a dual‐peaks spectrum below the band gap energy and the two peak energies vary depending on the polymers. A π‐conjugation length (λc), a soliton size (ξ), and a distance (d) between the soliton and antisolit...


The invention discloses a method for automatically positioning and detecting the maximum width of a tunnel crack, which comprises the following steps: (1) magnifying a tunnel crack picture acquired by a camera at the pixel level, obtaining a vectored edge of the crack by using an edge detection algorithm, carrying out the binaryzation operation of adaptive threshold values on the obtained picture, and denoising the result in a corrosion and inflation mode; and (2) on the basis of the low-noise binaryzed picture obtained in step (1), carrying out the Euclidean distance conversion, matching the obtained result and the vectored edge result obtained in step (1) to search a point with the maximum distance as a positioning point, and using the distance value as the maximum width value of the crack. By using a series of computer image processing knowledge to automatically position and detect the maximum width of the tunnel crack, the method of the invention acquires favorable effects and has higher accuracy and precision.


This paper reviewing the economic growth in real terms and have overlook to poverty levels and incidence in Sudan. However, more focus is given to per capita income, since the relation is always observed between poverty levels and per capita income growth. Furthermore, the sectoral contribution to GDP growth also reviewed, to see where income concentrates did? And what was the effect on poverty situation? Sudan was expected to achieve high rates of growth after independence due to vast and rich agricultural land, considerable livestock component as well as capable human resources. However, that do not realized for greatest part of the last five decades. After, enjoying moderate rates of growth and economic stability till 1975, Sudan began to enter into deep structural problems. Sudan's GDP grew at a trend rate of 2% while the population was growing at around 2% per annum. This has resulted in reducing the real per capita GDP by 11% over the fourteen years period affecting the poverty situation in the whole country. Meanwhile, the causes of rural poverty in Sudan are to be found in the sustained urban bias of the development strategies adopted since independence. This tended to neglect the traditional agricultural sector where the vast majority of population lives and is the main source of rural livelihood. This has resulted in high rural to urban migration unaccompanied by either increased productivity in the sector or sufficient urban development to generate the necessary urban employment opportunities, which led to urban poverty in return.


The overall survival of patients diagnosed with Pancreatic Cancer remains low. Initial responses to current therapeutic interventions are below 50%, leading to a high mortality rate shortly after diagnosis. To date, only a companion diagnostic, non-specific for pancreatic cancer, has been approved for this indication. A better understanding of the tumor cell biology and resistance mechanisms may shed light onto novel therapeutic targets that improve long-term outcome and improved patient stratification. In this study, we performed an exhaustive analysis to identify predictive biomarkers for gemcitabine/abraxane sensitivity using multiomics datasets. These datasets were integrated in a pharmaco-phenotypic-multiomic (PPMO) model predictive of therapeutic sensitivity or resistance, using sparse partial least squares (sPLS). Our results reveal major cellular discriminants in genomic variants, transcriptomics, and most pronouncedly in proteomics data. Tumors exhibiting Gemcitabine/Abraxane resistance associate with increased TPRV6 RNA expression, MUC13 protein expression, and USP42 mutation among others. Prospective application of the PPMO integration model was able to accurately predict Gemcitabine/Abraxane response profiles for 4/5 additional Pancreatic samples, therefore suggesting a potential application as a predictive diagnostic tool.
 Citation Format: Gilad Silberberg, Clare Killick-Cole, Yaron Mosesson, Haia Khoury, Xuan Ren, Mara Gilardi, Daniel Ciznadija, Paolo Schiavini, Marianna Zipeto, Michael Ritchie. A pharmaco-pheno-multiomic integration analysis of pancreatic cancer: A highly predictive biomarker model of biomarkers of Gemcitabine/Abraxane sensitivity and resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 854.


The surface of Sm2Fe17Nx fine powder was stabilized by coating with zinc metal produced by the photodecomposition of diethylzinc (Zn(C2H5)2). The remanence (B r) and coercivity (H cj) values of the resulting Zn/Sm2Fe17Nx powder were changed little by zinc coating, and remained at high levels even after heat treatment at 423 K, since the oxidation-resistance was improved by the zinc coating. Epoxy resin bonded magnets prepared using the Zn/Sm2Fe17Nx powder had a maximum energy product ( BHmax) value of 176 kJ·m-3, which did not change greatly after exposure to air. The irreversible flux loss of the bonded Zn/Sm2Fe17Nx magnet was smaller than that of the uncoated Sm2Fe17Nx magnet.


Objective: This study aimed to clinically evaluate the efficacy of coronally repositioned flap in the treatment of isolated Miller's class I and II gingival recession. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with Miller's class I and class II recession were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (control group): coronally repositioned flap and Group B (test group): coronally repositioned flap with bioabsorbable collagen membrane. Clinical evaluation parameters such as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), gingival biotype (thickness), recession width (RW), and recession depth (RD) were recorded at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively using an acrylic stent. Results: A significant gain in CAL (−0.6, −0.78, and −0.60 mm) and WKT (0.25, 0.48, and 0.83 mm) was observed in both the groups from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. However, the gain was more in the test group than the control group. Similarly, a significant decrease in mean RD and RW was more in the test group when compared with the control group (significant P-value <0.001) 6 months post-operatively. Also, no statistically significant change was found in the two groups in terms of PD and gingival tissue at 6 months. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that collagen can improve the clinical outcomes of the coronally repositioned flap operation in the therapy of localized recession defects.


ABSTRACT This article examines two copies of the Qur'an from 18th-century Banten held in the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, A.51 and W.277, that contain interlinear Malay translations, focusing on two aspects, i.e. Qur'anic readings and Malay translations, to reveal Qur'anic pedagogical practices in the region. This article suggests that differences in the way a Qur'anic reading is used for the writing of the Qur'an guide us to understand the users and their levels of acquired skills and knowledge. In this regard, the Qur'an A.51 was possibly used for those who gained high level skills in Qur'anic recitation, while the Qur'an W.277 was possibly made for students at basic levels or ordinary Muslims. Meanwhile, the examination of their Malay translations reveals that both present a different style in rendering, compared to those in two 17th-century Malay commentaries (i.e. the Cambridge manuscript Or. Ii.6.45 and the Tarjumān) and the Jalālayn, a well known work on Qur'anic exegesis in the Muslim world. In a broader context, this article affirms the existence of Malay translations in the Qur'ans A.51 and W.277 as a proof for the continuation of Malay exegetical activities in 18th century after the composition of the Tarjumān in the late 17th century.


6. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare & National Indigenous Australians Agency. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework; 2020. Available from URL: https://www. indig enous hpf.gov.au/. Accessed 16/08/2021. 7. Marmot M. The Health Gap. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. 8. Flores KF, Robledo CA, Hwang BS et al. Does maternal asthma contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in obstetrical and neonatal complications? Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25: 392– 397.e1.


Dear Editor,Although microalbuminuria (MA) has been associated with an increased risk of retinopathy in type 1 diabetic sub -jects, this association is not so clear in type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects 1-4 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between MA and retinopathy in a sample of T2D subjects. 100 selected diabetic subjects with MA (53 males / 47 females, mean age ± standard deviation: 65.5 ± 11.1 years) and 100 matched diabetic subjects without MA (52 males / 48 females, mean age ± standard deviation: 65.4 ± 11.3 years), were recruit ed in the study. MA was diagnosed when albumin excretion rate, measured by radioimmunoassay, was 30-300 mg/24-hours in at least two out of three 24-hours urine collections over a three month period. Diabetic retinopathy was defined as background (> or = 2 microaneurysms or > or = 2 hemorrhages or > or = 1 more advanced lesions) and proliferative changes. Prevalence of retinopathy did not differ among diabetic subjects with and without MA (44% vs. 39%, respectively, Ρ=0.47). Univariate logistic analysis showed that retinopathy was associated with age [odds ratio (OR): 1.05, 95% Con fidence Intervals (95% CI): 1.02-1.09, P<0.001], duration of diabetes (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11, P<0.001), HbA1c (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04-1.61, P=0.02), hypertension (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, P=0.002), smoking (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.99, P=0.04), coronary artery disease (OR: 1.82, 95% Dear present our study aimed to detect myofibroblasts (MFs) in salivary mucoceles, and chronic sialadenitis (CS) of minor salivary glands (MSGs) for the better understanding of their pathogenesis and the processes involved in fibrosis, respectively. Archival specimens of 20 cases of extravasation mucoceles of 10-12 month duration, 6 cases of mucous retention cysts with 1 week-6 months duration and adjacent MSGs (26 cases) together 5 normal lower labial MSgs Immunohistochemical analysis for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and desmin was performed using the streptavidin-biotin methodin conjuction with morphological analysis (spindle shaped and sometimes stellate) used for MFs identification. Histologic examination of the adjacent to mucoceles MSGs showed that the degree of fibrosis was normal, low, moderate and severe in 9, 6, 6, and 5 cases, respectively. In 12 cases the adjacent to mucoceles excretory ducts were distended. MFs positive for α-SMA but not for desmin were detected.


The century-old Mond process for carbonyl extraction of metals from ore shows great promise as an efficient, low energy scheme for producing high-purity Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Co from lunar or asteroidal feedstocks. Scenarios for winning oxygen from the lunar regolith can be enhanced by carbonyl processing of the metallic alloy by-products of such operations. The native metal content of asteroidal regoliths is even more suitable to carbonyl processing. High-purity, corrosion resistant Fe and Ni can be extracted from asteroidal feedstocks along with a Co-rich residue containing 0.5% platinum-group metals. The resulting gaseous metal carbonyls can produce a variety of end products using efficient vaporforming techniques.


Objective: To systematically review and summarize the evidence of the association between preoperative alcohol consumption and postoperative complications elaborated on complication type. Background: Conclusions in studies on preoperative alcohol consumption and postoperative complications have been inconsistent. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO citations. Included were original studies of the association between preoperative alcohol consumption and postoperative complications occurring within 30 days of the operation. In total, 3676 studies were identified and reviewed for eligibility, and data were extracted. Forest plots and pooled relative risks (RRs), including 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated for several complication types. Results: Fifty-five studies provided data for estimates. Preoperative alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of various postoperative complications, including general morbidity (RR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.31–1.87), general infections (RR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.32–2.28), wound complications (RR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.40), pulmonary complications (RR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.30–2.49), prolonged stay at the hospital (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.18–1.31), and admission to intensive care unit (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03–1.61). Clearly defined high alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of postoperative mortality (RR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.50–4.78). Low to moderate preoperative alcohol consumption and postoperative complications did not seem to be associated; however, very few studies were included in the analyses hereof. Conclusions: Preoperative alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of general postoperative morbidity, general infections, wound complications, pulmonary complications, prolonged stay at the hospital, and admission to intensive care unit.


This chapter engages in the debate about what counts as professional knowledge from the perspective of improving outcomes for diverse learners. We begin by highlighting the importance of assumptions about appropriate roles for teachers and how those assumptions have shaped the debate about what teachers need to know. Then we consider some myths and evidence about teacher agency that have contributed to a recent international shift in policy attention to the importance of teacher knowledge and, more particularly, how to develop teacher agency and capability. The main focus of the chapter is on a policy approach to building a multidisciplinary evidence base in education that both identifies the kinds of teacher knowledge that has a positive impact on a range of student outcomes and, at the same time, develops that knowledge through a national collaborative knowledge-building and knowledge-use strategy. The approach described is the New Zealand Iterative Best Evidence Synthesis (BES) Programme, which deliberately and systematically draws on and develops a rich multidisciplinary knowledge base in education. We situate our account of this program within (a) a comparison of a range of international policy approaches to strengthening the evidence base informing what teachers need to know, (b) a vision of the role of teaching as responsive to diverse learners and the evolving challenges of the 21st century, and (c) a touchstone of effectiveness as defined by impacts on a range of valued learner outcomes. We present the findings of a new synthesis of the evidence from 97 empirical studies that identify the development of the kinds of teacher knowledge that have a demonstrated positive impact on outcomes for diverse learners. The


This study addresses the effects of secondary schools and classes on language achievement in Flanders, Belgium. The results of a three-level analysis (students within classes within schools) indicate that the group composition at the class level is very important. In classes with a high average initial cognitive ability or a large proportion of girls, the language achievement is higher. These compositional effects are discussed with reference to type 'A' and type 'B' effects. The analyses show that group composition is more important than educational practices in accounting for differences in language achievement. With whom one is taught has a larger impact than how one is taught. Indications of differential effectiveness of classes related to prior achievement were found, with greater variations in effectiveness between classes for pupils of low prior achievement.


10 JCN/Volume 21, Number 1 draw people to Christ, reflecting Western culture's unbiblical dichotomy between the physical and the spiritual. The term medical missions should now give way to Christian intercultural health ministries. The emphasis must shift from medical to health. The term missions, which implies sending and receiving, must become intercultural health ministries, to describe partnerships among Christian health professionals of different nations, cultures and subcultures within counIn the old paradigm, Christian doctors and nurses from North America and Europe established medical services in nations without Westernstyle medical care. The missionaries established hospitals and clinics on mission compounds, managing the programs themselves. Missionaries trained nurses and paramedical staff in curative care. These paternalistic medical missions depended heavily on foreign resources. Evangelical missionaries often used medical care as bait to Medical mission has a long and impressive history. During the past two centuries, Christian missionaries brought the first modern health care into many parts of the world, making it available to multitudes. Following the example of Jesus Christ, the missionaries provided care for the poor and the underserved. Their efforts cured millions of sick people and drew great numbers into the kingdom of God. They educated thousands of nurses and other health care workers in mission facilities. These medical missionary programs often served as models for government and other indigenous health services. Much has changed in the last fifty years. In most countries, government health services have expanded rapidly, often better funded and equipped than most mission medical services. Governments established medical and nursing schools and began placing restrictions on missionary services and training programs. Mission health services faced escalating costs. At the same time growing churches in many areas began assuming responsibility for health care programs. Some countries expelled all foreign missionaries, forcing national control of health care facilities. North American and European Christians began to proclaim that the era of medical mission had ended. Has the era of medical mission indeed ended? The answer is both yes and no. The old paradigm of medical mission is over. On the other hand, the challenges, opportunities and responsibilities facing Christian health ministries continue to grow. Furthermore, Christ's mandate to heal the sick has not changed. Today, obedience to this mandate requires a new paradigm for ministry and global health needs. B Y DA N I E L E. FO U N TA I N TODAY


We present a study of an optofluidic biosensor. The sensor operates in a transmission mode wherein detection is based on a shift in the transmission spectrum caused by the contrast in refractive index between the carrier fluid and the target biomaterial. We study the behavior of the sensor using 2D full-wave electromagnetic analysis, and perform parametric studies of sensitivity as a function of key device parameters.


Two substorms on March 6, 1970, were observed by the Vela 5A satellite in the magnetotail plasma sheet and by all-sky cameras along the Alaska meridian. The first substorm started early in a 3-hour interval of southward polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The second substorm, which was much more intense than the first and whose beginning was particularly well marked by the classical auroral and magnetic signatures of an expansive phase onset, started near the end of the 3-hour interval as the IMF was becoming less southward. Only sporadic and partial thinning of the plasma sheet was observed during the first substorm, whereas very rapid and extreme thinning of the plasma sheet occurred within minutes after the onset time of the second, more intense substorm. The observations during these two substorms thus do not fit in a straightforward way a theoretical framework which holds that the southward turning of the IMF leads to plasma sheet thinning and then to the substorm onset unless such thinning is localized in azimuth or in radial distance. An observed correlation of the sporadic partial thinnings during the first substorm with passage of westward traveling surges through the evening sector of the auroral oval suggests that surges may be magnetic projections, to the earth, of westward propagating 'waves' in the radial distance to a magnetic neutral line. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the waves may be as great as 5–10 earth radii.


Abstract : The aim of this project was to investigate synaptic organization in optic glomeruli of the insect visual system. The research is based on the premise that each glomerulus receives an ensemble of small field neurons from the lobula that encodes a specific low-order visual primitive. The expectation is that more complex parameters of visual space are computed by interactions amongst glomeruli via local interneurons that then transmit this data selectively to premotor channels (descending neurons) that control flight initiation, direction and targeting. The present project focuses on synaptic organization of glomeruli, comparing this arrangement with glomeruli in the antennal lobe system for which there is much data available. The nature of this research requires enormous investment in time using serial section electron microscopy as well as patch clamp recording from local interneurons, the smallest neurons in the fly brain.


Research has been carried out to ascertain the influence of different centrifugal decanters employed in olive process on oil yields and qualitative characteristics and composition of volatile compounds of virgin olive oil. Tests were performed in an olive oil mill equipped with centrifugal decanters at two or three-phases. Results show that oil yields were similar and oils extracted from good-quality olives do not differ in free fatty acids, peroxide value, UV absorptions and organoleptic assessment. Total phenols and o-diphenols content as well as induction time values are higher in oils obtained by the centrifugal decanter at two-phases, because it requires less quantity of water added to olive paste in comparison to the three-phases centrifugal decanter. The amount of water added determines the dilution of the aqueous phase and lowers the concentration of the phenolic substances more soluble in vegetable waste water. Due to the partition equilibrium law the concentration of the same substances consequently diminishes in the oil. In this research, the coefficient of the partition equilibrium of total phenols between oil and vegetable water has been calculated and discussed. No significant difference occurred, due to the different decanters employed, in the average values of the volatile components of the head-space of oils.


The evolution of the mobile landscape coupled with the ubiquitous nature of the Internet and the cloud is facilitating the deployment of enterprise and personalized mobile applications. In this research, we proposed a proxy-enabled unification framework that integrates heterogeneous devices with multiple SaaS and IaaS cloud layers in order to support personalized and group file sharing. However, our proposed mobile-cloud ecosystem calls for open research questions which must be answered such as i) how do we synchronize the data across the consumer devices and the multi-IaaS backend?, ii) how do we authenticate the system users?, and iii) how do we push updates in a low-latency fashion? This paper addresses the three questions by proposing the adoption of the REST Web Service as an efficient way to consume the data on the mobile devices. However, we have to deal with the "CAP Theorem" which states that we can only achieve at most two properties at a time out of the following three: data consistency, system/data availability, and partition tolerance. Since partition tolerance is a given in a distributed system, we opt for the availability option by allowing file storage on the consumer devices in both online and offline modes. Further, we propose data consistency within a session that enforces update propagation in a soft-real time. The architecture is evaluated based on latency and scalability using multi consumer devices and employed Drop box and Amazon S3 as the IaaS cloud providers.


The invention provides a refrigerant heating device and an air conditioner which are easy to manufacture. Convective heat-transfer coefficients of the refrigerant heating device and a refrigerant are improved. The refrigerant heating device comprises a shell, an electric heating pipe and a refrigerant inlet pipeline, the shell is provided with a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet and an electric heating pipe mounting port, the electric heating pipe extends into an inner cavity of the shell through the electric heating pipe mounting port, an electric heating pipe power source terminal is positioned outside the shell, the refrigerant inlet pipeline is connected with the shell at the refrigerant inlet, and a resistance-positive-temperature-coefficient-material heating body is arranged inside a pipe body of the electric heating pipe. The air conditioner comprises the refrigerant heating device, and the refrigerant inlet pipeline and the refrigerant inlet are connected with a refrigerant circulating pipeline respectively. When temperature is higher than a certain value, material resistance of the heating body grows exponentially, heating value lowers dramatically, and the surface temperature of the heating body is maintained to be below a certain value to guarantee the surface temperature of the heating body to be not overhigh, so that reliability is guaranteed.


In order to clone the glutamate synthase gene (glt) from salt-tolerant Bradyrhizobium spp. strain WR1001, a genomic cosmid library was constructed using the vector pHC79. The library was mass-conjugated into Escherichia coli ET1194 (glt−) in a triparental mating, using pRK2013 as a mobilizing plasmid. Transconjugants of ET1194 which grew on minimal medium and had Glt+ phenotype were selected for the isolation of recombinant cosmids. Plasmid pHL27, which contained a 40-kb insert of WR1001 DNA and complemented ET1194 to Glt+ phenotype, was chosen to delimit the glutamate synthase gene. The region that encoded glt in cosmid pHL27 was determined by Southern blot analysis using the cloned glt gene of E. coli DH1 as a probe. An 11-kb HindIII DNA fragment from pHL27 contained the fully functional glt gene. Partial PstI and EcoRI restriction enzyme digests of cosmid pHL27 were subcloned into the vectors pBS+ and pUC8 and transformed into ET1194 to test for Glt+ phenotype. The glt coding region was defined by aligning the physical maps of the subclones


We employed a spatially explicit simulation model to assess growth rate potential for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah-Wyoming. Late-summer water temperatures and forage fish densities in 168 habitat cells were collected from 1989 to 1996 and were used to estimate the potential growth of lake trout inhabiting each cell. Results of model simulations indicated that habitat quality for lake trout growth had decreased from 1990 to 1993. This decrease in lake trout growth rate potential was related to decreased forage fish densities during this period. Lake trout condition, as measured using length-weight analyses of individuals captured in spring gillnetting surveys, also decreased from the early 1990s to the mid-1990s. The change in the slope of the length-weight relationship was correlated with the proportion of habitat cells containing positive simulated growth rate potentials (r2 = 0.60, p = 0.024). No significant correlation between the sum of growth rate potentials in h...


1st July 2021 the law on the creation of land market start effect in Ukraine. As a result, land appraisal became cornerstone task in Ukrainian agriculture sector. The official methodology on land appraisal includes use of soil fertility characteristics combined with coefficients related to the distance to the infrastructure objects or settlements and placing of field in specific functional areas, like recreational, or areas with high level of radiation pollution. In this study we collected open source infostructure geospatial information and characteristics of fields obtained from remote sensing data - crop types and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to build land price predictive model trained on the official land market information. This work designed to investigate potential of geo-informational technologies and remote sensing in the land appraisal use. We separated all available ground truth land price data into three groups by fields size - very small, small, medium and big. We found different relationships between field characteristics and prices. For very small fields the most important features are area, altitude, slope, bonitet and distances to elevators, villages and roads. For small fields the most important are bonitet, altitude, area and distances to cities and roads. For medium and big field's area, slope, distance to cities, roads and historical NDVI.


Objective To investigate the curative effect of HaiErFu on arsenic poisoned mice.Methods Healthy mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,namely the HaiErFu-treated group(1),the Arsenic poisoned group(2) and the control group(3).(1)(2)Sodium arsenite was applied to cause arsenic poisoning.(3)HaiErFu oral liquid was used as the medicine for treatment lasting for 30 days,creatinine(cr),hemoglobin(Hb) and glutathion(GSH) were determined in mice serum after the animal were sacrificed.Results The concentration of Cre was (75.75±16.95,107.29±26.88,79.9±16.48)μmol/L repectively in each group and the concentration of Hb was (81.50±2.07,76.8±2.14,82.60±3.27)g/l and the GSH was (281.80±3.25,245.10±16.12,339.80±23.52)mg/L respectively in each group.Conclusions The poisoned group mice's serological creati nine were high,but the Hb and GSh were low,the HaiErFu-treated group recovered significantly.


Sustainable and resilient sugarcane production requires agro-systems to improve nutrient use efficiency through nutrient recycling, reduced herbicide applications and reduced system outflows by erosion and/or leaching. In that context, crop models are particularly useful tools to assess the agronomic and environmental performances of simple (monoculture) or complex (multi-species) agro-systems. Among others, the STICS model, developed and applied in temperate climate, could be used to assess technical management in sugarcane tropical plantations. In this study we present the STICS model parameterization and validation for two sugarcane cultivars (R570 and R579) using the CIRAD ECOFI database that includes about 100 monoculture trials on Reunion Island from 1995 to 2016. The model's ability to accurately simulate sugarcane yield and growth in more complex systems was assessed for different management scenarios using data from recent trials by contrasting: i) mineral fertilization regimes and organic residue applications, based on trials in the eRcane TERO project, and ii) multi-species cropping systems with cover crop, based on trials in the eRcane CanecoH project. Despite being only recently applied in tropical areas and in sugarcane cropping systems, the STICS crop model appeared to be an accurate tool to simulate both monoculture and complex sugarcane agro-systems. Its successful combination with large-scale vegetation models, previously done in temperate areas, opens opportunities for the community of modelers of tropical agriculture to assess agronomic and environmental performances of sugarcane at regional scale in tropical areas.


Los Angeles public bus transportation has slowed significantly over the past decade. Recent studies indicate that half the time a bus is in service it is stopped, either at a traffic signal or a bus stop to board patrons. To improve bus speeds, the Los Angeles Metro Rapid Program was implemented in June 2000. Six months following implementation, the program was deemed a success. Operating speed, service quality, ridership, and customer response all exceeded objectives, with very little or no negative impact on the rest of the transportation system and other travel modes. Through system integration of bus signal priority, low-floor buses, headway rather than timetable-based schedules, fewer stops, and joint active management of service operation, passenger travel times have been reduced by as much as 29%. As a result, ridership has increased by 25% on the two demonstration corridors, with one-third of the ridership increase from new riders who have never before ridden transit. Based on the program's success, a comprehensive expansion plan is currently being developed that involves expansion of the Metro Rapid network as well as introduction of additional attributes, including exclusive bus lanes, high capacity buses, fare prepayment, and multiple-door boarding and alighting. When complete, the program will operate as an extension of the MTA's existing rail service and provide fast, reliable bus service throughout Los Angeles County.


network applications (such as swarming downloads, peer-to-peer video streaming and file sharing) are made pos- sible by using large groups of peers to distribute and process data. Securing data in such a system requires not just data originators, but also those "distributors," to enforce access control, verify integrity, or make other content-specific secu- rity decisions for the replicated or adapted data. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of cooperative pol- icy enforcement and request type checking, and propose an implementation framework Q which uses these approaches to secure data in peer-to-peer systems. The Q framework associates every data object with relocat- able policy descriptors which distributors can use to deter- mine whether a request for that object should be granted and whether a data transfer meets a request. With minimal changes to the application or the framework, Q can define and enforce arbitrarily sophisticated policies across a wide range of applications. Policies can be written to work across applications, or to include application-specific criteria and behavior. We will also discuss integrating Q with several peer-to-peer applications, including Gnutella, distributed hash tables such as CAN and Chord, peer-to-peer video streaming, HTTP swarming and application-level routing.


The study presents a brief introduction on the pedagogical approach to health in Physical Education at school. Aiming to draw a profile and analyze the pedagogical practices of teachers of the discipline of Physical Education in schools in the municipal network of Fortaleza/CE, on the theme of health. The research is quantitative, descriptive, where interviews were conducted through questionnaires, using Information and Communication Technologies, with 87 teachers (33.72% of the total teachers in the network) who work in elementary school II. It was identified that 100% of the interviewed teachers work on the theme of health in their teaching practices at school, thus indicating the notoriety of the theme in the area. In conclusion, teachers use different themes to work on the health theme, all dealing with what the version under construction of the Common Base National Curriculum recommends. Assigning the discipline a transforming character of society by means of practices that are explained for the promotion and maintenance of health and quality of life.


To improve wind tunnel experiment efficiency,reduce experiment cost and cut experiment period,the combination of genetic algorithm with wind tunnel experiment is discussed.The attack angle,flap deflection,overlap and gap of multi-element airfoil are coded with genetic algorithm,and the fitness is provided by experiment.The research based on a 2-element airfoil shows that genetic algorithm can decrease times wind of tunnel experiment by 40%.When the population size is twice chromosome length,algorithm can search optimum values.Initial population values almost have no influence upon the astringency of genetic algorithm and the numerical data.In addition,we also numerate the 4-element airfoil wind tunnel experiment.Algorithm can increase the experiment efficiency by 87%~93%,so it may be applied to the large-scale wind tunnel experiment.


Measurement of the anisotropy dispersion using ferromagnetic resonance at radio frequency has been reconsidered taking into account of the skin effect in relatively thick soft magnetic films. Numerical calculation for 1 μm thick amorphous films shows that the eddy current loss is comparable to the resonance absorption. The measured absorption for CoZr film is larger than the calculated one at low bias field, which suggests the eddy current anomaly. In CoZr/ SiO2 multilayered films, an anomaly is reduced. The frequency dependence of the loss part of the permeability is also discussed.


Background For an efficient planning of public health policy, the regular monitoring over health-related behaviors among vulnerable population groups is necessary. The aim of this study is to examine the temporal trends in alcohol use among the Czech adolescent population. Design and methods Data from the Health Behaviour in Schoolaged Children (HBSC) project conducted in Czechia from 1994 to 2014 were used. Adolescent alcohol use was assessed via two indicators: i) weekly alcohol use (beer, wine, and/or spirit), ii) repeated lifetime drunkenness (having been drunk on two or more occasions in life). Trends in alcohol use were modelled separately for boys and girls. Binary logistic regression was conducted with survey period as an independent predictor of the alcohol indicator. Results There were significant changes in adolescent alcohol use since 1994. Between 1994 and 2010, there was a gradual upward in the prevalence. However, in the recent period of 2014, an unprecedented drop in alcohol use was recorded. Conclusions Despite the significant drop in the prevalence of alcohol use among the Czech youth in recent years, alcohol drinking in adolescence remains an important challenge for the national health policy. Further research will show whether these changes in adolescent health-related behavior are of a temporary or a permanent nature. Significance for public health Substance use during the period of adolescence is one of the most significant priorities of the public health agenda. The study provides with a unique 20-year time series of data on adolescent alcohol use since the establishment of the Czech Republic in the early 1990s. Detailed analysis stratified by genders and specific age-groups of adolescents is conducted. The analysis confirmed significant changes in adolescent alcohol use. After a long period of continuous increase, which was present particularly among girls, a sharp drop across genders and all age-groups was recorded. The drop is in contrast with a steady and continuous decline recorded in most of the countries of Western Europe and North America. The specific factors and institutional settings present in Czechia are discussed.


Solar energy has been used in both technologically primitive and advanced societies for such diverse purposes as space heating, water heating, crop and foodstuff drying, and in the form of wood, for high temperature purposes such as transport fuel.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of ideal self-congruence in instigating two types of negative consumer behaviours – compulsive buying and external trash-talking – and the mediating role of brand attachment on these relationships.,Two studies were designed using a structural equation modelling methodology. Study 1a was based on a mail survey of 280 respondents, whereas Study 1b was based on an electronic survey of 152 respondents. Study 1b was conducted to test the external validity of the research model.,In Study 1a, ideal self-congruence affects emotional brand attachment and in turn emotional brand attachment affects compulsive buying behaviour and external trash-talking. The mediation analysis indicates that emotional brand attachment mediates the relationships. Study 1b offers support to the results of Study 1a.,From a practical point of view, this study is useful for policymakers seeking to regulate and prevent excessive consumerism. For marketers, they should understand that brand attachment leads to compulsive buying and external trash-talking, which may provide immediate benefit for the brand or the firm. However, marketers should understand that these two negative behaviours may harm the firm image and consumers' well-being in the long run.,Apart from practical implications, firms should consider alleviating compulsive buying, as it is harmful to society. Similarly, excessive external trash-talking may lead to physical aggression. Consumers expect firms to be socially responsible. Thus, firms should start conducting activities that promote responsible shopping and reduce external trash-talking.,The study highlights a dark side of ideal self-congruence and brand attachment. The results suggest that ideal self-congruence with the help of emotional brand attachment predicts compulsive buying behaviour and external trash-talking. This may not only damage brand image but also the consumers' well-being.


The effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) concentrations on the properties of electrochemically deposited cadmium telluride films have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoelectrochemical measurements. The results show that CTAB concentration plays a very important role in directing the morphology evolution of thick films from cabbage-shaped CdTe arrays to high density nanoneedle structures. Various CdTe structures can be obtained by changing the CTAB concentration in the electrolyte. Meanwhile, it was observed that the Te/Cd ratio of the as-deposited thin film decreased with the increase of CTAB concentration. When CTAB concentrations are 0.02 M, the composition of CdTe film is near stoichiometric and Te is in excess. Growth mechanisms for shape-selective CdTe synthesis are proposed based on these results. In addition, we found that the device based on the aligned cabbage-shaped CdTe array-on-Ni configuration prepared at 0.02 M CTAB demonstrates excellent photoelectrical properties, which is ascribed to the large absorption coefficient of the material and also suggests a good electronic structure quality of the cabbage-shaped rods.


A review of facial surgery history is made, from oriental period to current times, emphasizing the world events that gave formal beginning to specialty of otorhinolaryngology and the historical happenings that have led to establish it bases. The multiple contributions that otorhinolaryngology and other related specialties have done to general plastic surgery and facial surgery are also mentioned. Future expectations and actions for consolidation of facial surgery in Mexico are analyzed.


Western Australia has been stable for a considerable time resulting in a subdued topography. Weathering and erosion have produced a complex series of in situ and transported soil and rock types. These materials are used as basecourse materials throughout much of Western Australia. Classification systems for rock weathering and pedocrete formation may be able to provide the basis for a geotechnical model to assist in exploration for suitable basecourse materials. A review of published works has provided guidelines on the engineering significance and geotechnical aspects of some weathered rock products (a).


Resources and searching tips specific to Art and Art History. A list of internet sites that may be helpful for art research


Advances in research on the mechanism of plant drought tolerance are briefly reviewed. Osmotic-regulation, scaveging oxidative radicals, aquaporins and lea protein are respectively discussed.