. Introduction Hydrogen produced by electrolysis or solar-driven water spliting offers an environmentally acceptable and technologically romising approach to fulfill future energy demand [1–3]. Platinum roup metals are the most electroactive catalysts but their rareness imits the applicability. Recently, transition-metal dichalcogenides X2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) have drawn much attention as effiient and low-cost catalysts [4–8]. MX2 is a bio-inspired catalyst 9] and has been used in the hydrotreating (HDT) process [10]. ontaining Fe, Ni, Mo, S in the active sites, hydrogenases and nitroenases exhibit excellent HER activity [11]. Many HDT catalysts uch as molybdenum carbide [12,13], molybdenum nitride [13], ungsten carbide [14], tungsten carbonitride [15], and nickel phoshide [16] are good HER candidates [10]. These electrocatalysts lso have potentials as photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis ∗ Corresponding author at: Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Instiute of Acoustics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, ational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 10093, PR China. Tel.: +86 025 83686303; fax: +86 025 83595535. E-mail address: email@example.com (X. Wu). ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.03.018 169-4332/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [17–21]. 2H-MX2 is a general phase and the edge sites in lieu of the inert (0 0 0 1) basal planes have been identified experimentally and theoretically to be catalytically active. This indicates the importance of uncoordinated centers [9,22]. In order to achieve better performance, much effort has recently been made to produce various MX2-based catalysts by taking advantage of the edge sites on nanosheets [23,24], double-gyroid networks [25], and molecular mimicking systems [26]. Particularly, crystalline WS2 nanoribbons [27], WS2 nanosheets produced by ball-milling method [28], and WS2 nanoflakes prepared by sonochemistry [29] or solution-phase method [30] expose dense edge sites. It has been shown that the WS2/Au hybrid [31] and WS2/graphene hybrid produced by hydrothermal reaction [32] or electrodeposition [33] can facilitate charge transport. WS2 nanosheets prepared by lithium intercalation [34] or microwaveassisted reaction [35] display impressing HER efficiency due to the existence of strained metallic 1T-WS2. Crystalline catalyst is usually more stable and it is relatively easy to elucidate the catalytic mechanism compared to that of amorphous materials [8,22]. However, amorphous materials have a high concentration of unsaturated sites and can yield high activity with the proper structure [36,37]. Recently, amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) has been shown to be an effective HER catalyst by electro-deposition [38],


Aiming at the problem that the Basic Sliding Window(BSW) algorithm can not determine the maximal block length in the field of data storage,a kind of data chunking algorithm based on the extremum characteristic of byte-fingerprints is presented.It constructs the interval within allowed maximal chunk length next to the previous chunk,and defines the function F for the field radius of byte-fingerprint's extremum.By using the characteristics of the function F,it can determine the next block boundary in the maximum interval with the probability of 1.Experimental results prove that the algorithm can overcome the shortage that BSW window algorithm and some other block-based algorithm can not determine the length of the largest block.The complexity of the algorithm is O(n).


Preface.List of Contributors.1. Introduction (S.-I. Murahashi).2. Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation (M. Kitamura and R. Noyori).2.1 Introduction.2.2 Hydrogenation.2.3 Transfer Hydrogenation.2.4 Concluding Remarks.3. Oxidation Reactions (S.-I. Murahashi and N. Komiya).3.1 Introduction.3.2 Dehydrogenative Oxidation.3.3 Oxidation with RuO43.4 Oxidation with Ruthenium Complex Catalysts and Oxidants.3.5 Conclusions.4. Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations via Ruthenacycle Intermediates (Y. Yamamoto and K. Itoh).4.1 Introduction.4.2 C-C Bond Formations Involving Ruthenacyclopentadiene/Ruthenacyclopentatriene.4.3 C-C Bond Formations Involving Ruthenacyclopentene.4.4 C-C Bond Formations Involving Ruthenacyclopentane.4.5 C-C Bond Formations Involving Ruthenacyclopentenedione and Ruthenacyclobutenone.4.6 Conclusion.5. Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation via p-Allylruthenium Intermediates (T. Kondo and T. Mitsudo).5.1 Introduction.5.2 Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of alpha-Allylruthenium Complexes.5.3 Catalytic Reactions via pi-Allylruthenium Intermediates.6. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis (R. H. Grubbs and T. M. Trnka).6.1 Introduction.6.2 Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts.6.3 Applications of Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis in Organic Synthesis.6.4 Summary.7. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation (H. Nishiyama).7.1 Introduction.7.2 Asymmetric Catalytic Cyclopropanation.7.3 Non-Asymmetric Catalytic Cyclopropanation.7.4 Carbene-Complexes and Mechanisms.7.5 Conclusions.8. Nucleophilic Additions to Alkynes and Reactions via Vinylidene Intermediates (C. Fischmeister, C. Bruneau, and P. H. Dixneuf).8.1 Introduction.8.2 Addition of O-Nucleophiles.8.3 Addition of N-nucleophiles.8.4 Addition of P-Nucleophiles: Hydrophosphination.8.5 Hydrosilylation.8.6 Addition of C-H Bond to Alkynes.8.7 Conclusions.9. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reactions via sp C-H, sp2 C-H, sp3 C-H, and C-Halogen Bond Activations (F. Kakiuchi and N. Chatani).9.1 Introduction.9.2 Activation of sp2 C-H Bonds.9.3 Addition of C-H Bonds in Aldehydes to C-C Multiple Bonds and Related Reactions.9.4 Activation of sp3 C-H Bonds.9.5 Addition of sp C-H Bonds in Acetylenes to C-C Multiple Bonds.9.6 Catalytic Reactions Involving Carbon-Halogen Bond Cleavage.9.7 Conclusions.10. Ruthenium Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Reactions (R. F. R. Jazzar and E. P. Kundig).10.1 Introduction.10.2 Ethers, Acetals, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, and Epoxides.10.3 Ru-Promoted Additions to C=O and C"N Bonds.10.4 Activation of Organo-Sulfur Derivatives.10.5 Halide Substitution for Fluoride.10.6 Cycloaddition Reactions.11. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reactions with CO and CO2 (T. Mitsudo and T. Kondo).11.1 Introduction.11.2 Reactions with Carbon Monoxide.11.3 Reactions with Carbon Dioxide.12. Isomerization of Organic Substrates Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes (H. Suzuki and T. Takao).12.1 Introduction.12.2 Isomerization of Alkenyl Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones.12.3 Isomerization of Propargyl Alcohols and Ethers.12.4 Isomerization of Functionalized Alkenes.12.5 Cycloisomerization of 1,6-Enynes and 1,6-Dienes.12.6 Racemization of Secondary Alcohols.12.7 Olefin Isomerization Promoted by the Grubbs Catalyst.13. Ruthenium-Promoted Radical Reactions (H. Nagashima).13.1 Introduction and Historical Background.13.2 Ruthenium-catalyzed Kharasch Addition (ATRA) in Organic Synthesis.13.3 Ruthenium-catalyzed Intramolecular Kharasch Addition (ATRC) in Organic Synthesis.13.4 Ruthenium-catalyzed Addition of Sulfonyl Chlorides to Alkenes in Organic Synthesis.13.5 Ruthenium-catalyzed Addition of Organic Halides and Sulfonylchlorides in Polymer Synthesis: ATRP.13.6 Summary and Perspective.14. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Bond Cleavage Reactions (S. Komiya and M. Hirano).14.1 Introduction.14.2 C-H Bond Activation Reactions.14.3 C-C Bond-Activation Reactions.14.4 Cleavage Reactions of Other Single Bonds.14.5 Conclusions.Index.


The theoretical formulation of thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) of dipolar systems is usually restricted to the case that the equilibrium polarization Pe depends on the temperature according to the Langevin function and that this temperature dependence can be neglected during the nonisothermal step of the poling process (i.e., the frozen-in polarization of the sample before a TSDC experiment is started is considered as equal to the equilibrium polarization obtained at the polarizing temperature Tp).1 For a single relaxation time, this leads to the familiar Bucci-Fieschi equation representing an asymmetrical "glow curve," the area of which can then be directly related to relaxation parameters such as dipole moment and dipole density.2 With the same basic assumptions, the classical theory of thermally stimulated polarization currents (TSPC) provides for obtaining current peaks characterized by the same position, height, and shape as the corresponding TSDC peaks, the only difference being that the polarization current is of opposite sign.


The lining has a tube with a size smaller than a through-course of a smoke channel (3), and an anchor fitted near the mouth-opening of the smoke channel corresponding to an end of the tube. The anchor includes a spring, where the anchor is radially expandable outward against the tube.


Conventional method (RNAi method, ribozyme method, the antisense method) design simpler than, and confirmation of effect provide easy artificial gene expression inhibition method. It involves cutting the portion of the target mRNA in poly (A) chains and / or 3 'end sequence, a method of suppressing the translation reaction of a target gene. Of target mRNA poly (A) chains and / or 3 'containing a reagent capable of cutting a portion of the terminal sequence, a kit for inhibiting translation reaction; target mRNA poly (A) chains and / or 3' cutting a part of and of the target mRNA poly (a) chains and / or 3 'terminal sequence; which is introduced a reagent that can cleave a portion of the terminal sequence, the target cell translation reaction is suppressed genes introduces reagents capable, non-human organism of the target gene translation reaction is suppressed also provided.


Plasmonic nanostructures have demonstrated a remarkable ability to control light in ways never observed in nature, as the optical response is closely linked to their flexible geometric design. Due to lack of mirror symmetry, chiral nanostructures allow twisted electric field "hotspots" to form at the material surface. These hotspots depend strongly on the optical wavelength and nanostructure geometry. Understanding the properties of these chiral hotspots is crucial for their applications; for instance, in enhancing the optical interactions with chiral molecules. Here, the results of an elegant experiment are presented: by designing 35 intermediate geometries, the structure is "enantiomorphed" from one handedness to the other, passing through an achiral geometry. Nonlinear multiphoton microscopy is used to demonstrate a new kind of double‐bisignate circular dichroism due to enantiomorphing, rather than wavelength change. From group theory, a fundamental origin of this plasmonic chiroptical response is proposed. The analysis allows the optimization of plasmonic chiroptical materials.


Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is associated with dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder remain unclear. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that miRNAs modulate IDD through effects on the IL‐6/STAT3 signaling pathway, a potential regulator of IDD. The miRNA expression profile was determined in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues from patients with IDD and controls, employing miRNA microarray and quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR). Biological functions of differential expression miRNAs were further investigated using immunofluorescent staining. Luciferase reporter assays and Western blotting were performed to determine miRNA targets. We identified 41 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in patients compared with controls. Following RT‐qPCR confirmation, miR‐98 was significantly downregulated in degenerative NP tissues. Moreover, its level was inversely correlated with grade of disc degeneration. Through gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies, miR‐98 was shown to significantly promote type II collagen expression in NP cells. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was identified as a target of miR‐98. Knockdown of IL‐6 induced effects on NP cells similar to those induced by miR‐98. In contrast, IL‐6 treatment abrogated the effects induced by miR‐98 upregulation. Moreover, miR‐98 dramatically suppressed expression of STAT3 target gene, MMP2. IL‐6 treatment antagonized this effect, whereas knockdown of IL‐6 by IL‐6 short hairpin RNA (shIL‐6) induced inhibitory effects on the expression of p‐STAT3 and its main target genes, similar to miR‐98. The mRNA level of IL‐6 was inversely correlated with that of miR‐98 in degenerative NP tissues. These results suggest the downregulation of miR‐98 could promote IDD through the IL‐6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our findings also highlight miR‐98 as a novel hopeful therapeutic target for IDD. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that can target host cell membranes with virulence factors such as toxins and peptides. This study was evaluated the frequency of alpha, beta, and delta hemolysine genes in antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients' urine and wound samples. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (tetracycline, penicillin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin) isolated from wound and urine samples of patients who referred to medical diagnostic laboratories. Then, their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method based on CLSI instruction. After examining the MIC and MBC of the samples, a single colony culture was performed for the samples and their DNA was extracted by using a commercial kit. By designing specific primers, hemolysine alpha, beta, and delta genes were amplified in the samples. The results were analyzed by statistical software. Results: In isolated Staphylococcus aureus, the highest antibiotic resistance was related to co-trimoxazole with 63% and the highest sensitivity to penicillin with 53%. There was a statistically significant relationship between resistance to tetracycline and co-trimoxazole antibiotics and age, and also ciprofloxacin showed greater resistance in women than men. The frequency of hemolysine genes was 91% for HLA, 96% for HLB, and 99% for HLD. Conclusion: Penicillin antibiotic with 53% sensitivity seems to be a better candidate than other antibiotics and the high abundance of hemolysine genes should be considered as an important concern in the medical community.


Objectives: The hyoid bone occupies a strategic position and participates in vital functions. The aim of this study was to examine the morphometry of the hyoid bone and define its location according to the vertebral level on 3D computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: This study was conducted using 3D–CT images of 216 patients (104 males, 112 females) aged between 10–98 years. The vertebral level of the hyoid bone was determined for each decade. Furthermore, the anterior-posterior length of the hyoid bone, the length and height of the greater horn, the height and width of the body, the distance between the posterior ends of the greater horn, and the distance of the hyoid bone to the vertebral column and the angle between right and left greater horn was measured. Results: The hyoid bone was most commonly located at C3 and C2–C3 vertebral level in females (35.7%) and C3 in males (38.5%). No statistically significant difference was found between right and left sides concerning the length and height of the greater horn. Conclusion: Knowing the radiological anatomy, morphometric properties and vertebral levels of the hyoid bone will contribute to the surgical planning of this region and the hyoid bone. In addition, our study will provide data on the morphometric properties of hyoid bone in forensic and anthropological research.


We investigated the phase coherence length, (+,, in large Si-MOSFET's fabricated using current process technology, with a particular emphasis on highly doped silicon substrates, and then studied the effects of quantum conductance fluctuations in deep sub-pn MOSFET's, with channel length comparable to I,. We identified, in a 0.2 pm MOSFET, universal conductance fluctuations in the strong inversion regime and conductance fluctuations due to variable range hopping in the weak inversion regime. The drain bias dependence of these fluctuations indicates clearly that they become a serious concern only at drain voltages lower than 10 mV. Therefore, even if the wave nature of electrons results in quantum conductance fluctuations, it will not lead to a limitation on device miniaturization in future Si-ULSI's.


Good Neighbours: An Evaluation of an Intensive Project for Families Facing Eviction', Child and Family Social Work 7: 79–89. Home Office (2003) Respect and Responsibility: Taking a Stand Against Antisocial Behaviour. London: Home Office. Nixon, J., Hunter, C., Parr, S., Myers, S., Whittle, S. and Sanderson, D. (2006) Interim Evaluation of the Rehabilitation Projects for Families at Risk of Losing their Homes as a Result of Anti-social Behaviour. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Respect Task Force (2006) Respect Action Plan. London: Home Office.


An algorithm of parallel computation of image histograms of different types, including brightness and oriented gradient ones, on video cards of various types is presented. Now local histograms are used for solution of some tasks of image processing and recognition, but their application is restricted due to the long computational time. One of the difficulties appearing during parallel computations of this vector feature is the large number of conflicts of simultaneous access to video memory sells. In the developed version, the number of conflicts of simultaneous access are many times reduced. It accelerated the computations. For instance, 9D vectors of histograms of oriented gradient for all 256×256 windows of a HD image are calculated on the GPU NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 within 1,9 msec, whereas the same computations made by the CPU Intel Core i7-6700 take 151 msec.


HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY The group functions as a conjoint team. It reviews outreach referrals and collaborates on services to patients in residence. The function of the conjoint team is explained to the patients, and they are asked to sign release-of-information forms before they are discussed in the group. The meetings have resulted in many new neferrals to Midtown center and its satellites. Communication between the various services has improved, and referrals are much more appropriate. During 1977 a total of 63 patients lived in Salvation Army residential facilities; they stayed an average of 33 days. Twenty-six returned to independent living, three moved to other types of residential facilities, and two returned to the hospital. Contact was lost with 26 patients, and eight had other dispositions. In addition to work with these patients, the conjoint team provided consultation on 135 other cases. The emergency residential service has helped meet the needs of chronic patients who have no support systern. It has expedited discharge for patients with dispositional problems and no resources. It has temporarily helped patients meet basic needs while disability benefits, employment or job training, and living quantens were being arranged. The program was begun on a voluntary basis by professionals who were concerned about these unmet needs. It started with a verbal agreement and with the question "What can be done about this problem?" The emergency residential service is one answer, and the resuIts have been gratifying.


The paper outlines the relevance of fraud detection from the standpoint of the integrity of the research. It proposes the solution the development of technology to detect fraud in payment systems. The definition of such technology has been given. It determines that the approach to the architecture of fraud detection technology in payment systems is based on the discovery of non-typical behavior in the payment system and classifying anomaly transactions. It has been established that in terms of technology it is important to develop an effective and optimized model for the classification of fraud in payment systems from the standpoint of all stages of the research. It has been discovered that there is no efficient algorithm that would be the standard for all financial institutions in detecting fraud. The work proposes generalization and development of methods and algorithms. The outcome technology of fraud detection in payment systems has been compiled and researched based on a transaction database of 6.36 million records. The solution to the problem is implemented using machine learning methods, using Python programming language as a base for the software product. The research resulted in a technology based on a model with an accuracy of 99.97% and an AURPC of 99.86%. The prospects of further research the implementation of the information system itself, which can be integrated into the software of financial institutions has been outlined, based on the obtained data. The paper identifies the challenges and perspectives of the research.


BACKGROUND: It is well known that iron overload may cause multiple organ failure. In chronically transfused patients, optimal iron chelation therapy is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, chelation therapy has been associated with erythroid responses.


A field experiment was carried out during rabi 2018-2019, with 4 levels of nitrogen (60 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) and 3 levels of potassium (40 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1 and 80 kg ha-1) in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD), with 3 replications and 12 treatment combinations. An application of nitrogen at N4 i.e. 120 kg N ha-1 was found to exhibit significantly superior performance in respect of growth parameters. While, earliness in terms of flowering exhibited by the treatment N1 (60 kg N ha-1). In respect of influence of potassium levels, K2 (60 kg K ha-1) was found significantly superior for plant height (181.93 cm), number of primary branches per plant (10.86), number of secondary branches per plant (23.81), early flowering (66.80 days) and days required for 50% flowering (86.08) at 120 DAS. The interaction effect of N4 x K2 (N4-120 N kg ha-1 and K2-60 K kg ha-1) found superior for growth parameters.


Abstract : Data on the properties and m thods of production of high explosives is systematically presented in book form. T theoretical principles of the production processes are examined,AND THE STATES OF THE HIGH-EXPLOSIVES INDUSTRY ABROAD IS DESCRIBED ON THE BASIS OF LITERATURE DATA. The book consists of 3 parts embracing the 3 most important classes of explosives: (1) nitro compounds; (2) nitroamines; and (3) nitric esters. In the first chapter of each part, the general properties of the explosives of the given class are illuminated, as are the theoretical fundamentals of the process by which they are produced. A description is then given of the chemistry and technologyous conditions as well as the nitration process flow, and the acid equipment of the high-explosives plant.


The assumed presence of the body in architecture has conventionally allowed for its absence in the architectural drawing, a reliance on the occasional smudge or representational squiggle to denote people. Living bodies are an aspect that comes post-construction, that must "fit in" to what has been designed. Today architectural representation is immersed in rapid change and with the growth of computational drawing systems and virtual environments the question of the body is magnified.


Voice operated devices are becoming popular nowadays. For this it is necessary that voice authentication is secure. In this paper, we address some known attacks like replay, personification and attacks using AI voice bots and limitations like text and language dependency of human voice authentication systems. We have also developed an interactive system to tackle these problems. The system verifies the user by performing voice matching as well as on an intellectual level by asking questions which only humans are able to answer and not any AI bot. In the system, an average user requires around 35 seconds for registration and around 25 seconds for authentication. The system's accuracy comes out to be 97.8% for English speakers and 95% for Hindi speakers.


We are living an era of constant evolution due to technological advances. Many of them are being possible thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the large volumes of data are being stored. You can build tools with intelligent components that are revolutionizing various fields thanks to a large amount of data that can be analyzed by these intelligent models. However, many investigations only focus on the quantity and quality of the data available, and little effort is made to improve the AI techniques themselves. The proposal of this thesis is the improvement of connectionist intelligent systems that until recently were formed by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). To carry out such ambitious work, it has been considered, as has happened with research in other areas, to consider how nature solves the problem. For this, we will focus on the most complex and efficient structure known, the human brain. To that end, it is necessary to rely on the field of Neuroscience where one can try to take the advances that are discovered or the hypotheses that are generated in the AI field. The core of this thesis is based on research that shows that neurons are not the only elements of the human brain that participate in the processing of information. Astrocytes of the glial system play an essential role in the treatment of information. In fact, it is known that synaptic communication occurs with the participation of neurons and astrocytes, which is known as tripartite synapses. This led to the inclusion of new elements that simulate the behaviour of glial cells in ANN. The addition of the new elements, artificial astrocytes, originated the Artificial NeuroGial Networks (ANGN). To demonstrate the usefulness of artificial astrocytes and collaborate in demonstrating the capacity of the Glial System (GS), new algorithms of astrocytic modulation have been used. These algorithms have been tested in different classification and regression problems, obtaining significant results with respect to networks that do not use the GS. In addition, an open source web application has been developed thanks to this thesis so that the scientific community can use these networks freely.


Vanadatesulfuric acid (VSA), as a novel and heterogeneous nanorod catalyst, was used for an efficient synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans using an aldehydes, 1,3-cyclohexanediones or beta-ketoester and malononitrile in C2H5OH/H2O mixture under reflux conditions. VSA is prepared via the reaction of sodium metavanadate and chlorosulfonic acid in high purity. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM and EDAX analysis. Compared to the conventional method, this method consistently has the advantage of high yields, simple workup, short reaction times and reusability of the catalyst.


Augmented reality (AR) is a relatively new technology that
allows virtual imagery to be superimposed over views of
the real-world in real time (Azuma 1997). In this way, AR
interfaces augment the real-world scene, allowing a user to
maintain the context of their surrounding environment, while
still obtaining the benefit of additional sensory input and
information. AR also works as a new, three-dimensional
user interface supporting direct manipulation, and therefore
becomes a powerful tool for facilitating interaction between
the users and virtual objects.
AR technology has many potential applications ranging
from educational training, engineering maintenance,
and medical simulations. In fact, AR is considered as one
of the most promising and innovative technologies to
support training and on-the-job performance. As AR software
and hardware becomes more readily available and
new uses are demonstrated, the numbers of new applications
are expected to increase (Barfield et al. 1995). If AR
systems are to be more widely used, researchers will need
to focus significant efforts on addressing a number of
human factors issues. In this entry we review some of the
basic human factors issues associated with AR.


Objective To study the interaction of phenobarbital (PB) and valproate (VPA) and their changes in serum. Methods There were 117 epileptic chidren who received both PB and VPA and 226 ones who received only PB or VPA. These patients were divided into 3 groups according their ages(1to 3,4 to 6,and 7 to 12years). Serum PB and VPA levels were compared in eachgroup and between the 3 groups. Results Serum levels of PB were significantly higher in two drug received patients than in single drug received ones( P 0 05, P 0 01). Serum VPA levels were significantly lower in 2 drug received patients than in single drug received patients of the 3 age different groups ( P 0 01),and serum VPA levels were significantly lower in 1~3 aged group than in 4~6 aged group ( P 0 01). Conclusion When the use of combination drugs (PB and VPA)to treat epileptic children, their serum PB levels significantly increase and serum VPA levels significantly decrease compared with the use of single drug. So the two drugsshould be taken under serum concentration monitoring.


The working principle and structure characteristics of a mould with automatic multi-direction in-mould thread-demoulding structure for a tee pipe joint were stated.The core-pulling of the mould was finished by applying electromotor,hydraulic motor and air cylinder at the same time.


Some of the problems associated with the study of failure are reviewed and exemplified by results on two commercial grades of PVC. The whole range of failure phenomena, from crazing to fracture, and the effect of notches on durability is discussed. A test schedule involving minimum experimental effort for the evaluation and comparison of the long term durability of thermoplastic materials is proposed.


Problem statement of this research was how estimation of true score and standard error measurement of teacher made test mathematics subject according to classical test theory at the Junior High School level in Baubau city. Objective of this research was to know estimation of true score and standard error measurement of teacher made test Mathematics subject according to classical test theory at the Junior High School level in Baubau city. This research was descriptive quantitative research with the research subjects were all multiple choice tests made by the teacher for the final even semester test for the student at class VIII academic year of 2020/2021 in Mathematics subject of 7 Junior High School in Baubau city. The instruments of this research were answer sheets and student answer keys which were collected using documentation techniques. Data analysis was using the ITEMAN program. The results showed that the measurement standard error (E) of the Mathematics teacher made test at the Junior High School level in Baubau city consisted of 7 relatively small schools, including SMP Negeri 1 Baubau of 2,224, SMP Negeri 3 Baubau of 2,680, SMP Negeri 5 Baubau of 2,005, SMP Negeri 7 Baubauof  2,147, SMP Negeri 9 Baubau of 1,450, SMP Negeri 11 Baubau of 1,883, and SMP Negeri 17  Baubau of  1,995. This showed that the observed score obtained by student (X) tends to be close to the actual score (T).


Introduction Particle in Cell (PIC) codes such as EPOCH [1] are key tools for understanding laser plasma interaction in both long and short pulse driven high energy density physics (HEDP) experiments on laser systems such as Orion, Vulcan, NIF and Omega.


In 1977, the Chinese government reinstated the national unified college entrance exam enrollment system. As a part of this system, the government also implemented preferential policies on the enrollment of minorities that authorized the increase or decrease of exam scores and enrollment cutoff points; the policies were therefore seen as discriminatory. Although these policies were the expression of minorities' right to an education, some questioned their appropriateness. How did these policies affect minorities' educational rights? I address these topics in this paper.


In vitro, (S)-2-(chloro-5-fluoro-indol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine 1:1 C4H4O4 and (S)-2-(4,4,7-trimethyl-1,4-dihydro-indeno[1,2-b]pyrrol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine 1:1 C4H4O4 exhibited high-affinity binding to the serotonin2C (5HT2C) receptors and stimulated turnover of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate. Affinity to several of the other 5-HT receptor subtypes and to numerous nonserotonergic receptors was much lower. In rats, both compounds elicited behavioral signs of 5-HT2C receptor agonism but not 5-HT2A receptor agonism. Hypomotility induced in rats by high doses of these compounds was reversed by the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist N-(2naphthyl)-N9-(3-pyridyl)-urea 1:1 HCI. In addition, these compounds were active in tests used to demonstrate anticompulsive effects: reducing schedule-induced polydipsia in rats (prevented by the 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonist N-(1-methyl-59-indolyl)-(3-pyridyl)urea 1:1 HCl, reversing increased scratching induced with 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin 1:1 HCl in squirrel monkeys (no tolerance developed), decreasing responding in the marble-burying task in mice, and decreasing excessive eating of palatable food in rats. In contrast to these compounds, fluoxetine was much less potent, and in some tasks less efficacious, in reducing excessive behavior in these models. These two 5-HT2C receptor agonists do not show anxiogenic effects in the plusmaze in rats. (S)-2-(4,4,7-trimethyl-1,4-dihydro-indeno[1,2-b]pyrrol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine 1:1 C4H4O4 reduced the olfactory bulbectomy-induced passive avoidance impairment in rats, a result that indicates antidepressant potential. Similarly, in the differential-reinforcement-of-low rate 72-s operant schedule task in rats, (S)-2-(chloro-5-fluoro-indol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine 1:1 C4H4O4 increased (and (S)-2-(4,4,7-trimethyl-1,4-dihydro-indeno[1,2-b]pyrrol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine 1:1 C4H4O4 showed a tendency to increase) total reinforcements received, which is suggestive of antidepressant activity. The electroencephalography defined sleep-waking pattern in rats produced by these two 5-HT2C agonists, as well as fluoxetine, included increased quietwaking and decreased rapid-eye-movement sleep, which is characteristic of antidepressant drugs. These results suggest that 5-HT2C receptor agonism is associated with therapeutic potential in obsessive compulsive disorder and depression. SSRIs are now well established as efficacious treatment for depression, OCD and bulimia (Den Boer and Westenberg, 1995; Kennedy and Goldbloom, 1994; Rasmussen et al., 1993). Various pharmacological effects of the neurotransmitter 5-HT have been demonstrated to depend predominantly on its interaction with specific 5-HT receptor subtypes (cf. Saxena, 1995). This, in turn, has led to the development of such drugs as buspirone, a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, for treatment of anxiety disorders (Goa and Ward, 1986) and ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, for reduction of emesis (Milne and Heel, 1991). 5-HT2C receptors are present at very high levels in choroid plexus (as the only 5-HT receptor subtype located there), but they also occur in various other brain regions (Pompeiano et al., 1994). 5-HT2C receptor mRNA is found in many brain areas in addition to those autoradiographically shown to have binding sites. 5-HT2C mRNA was located in noradrenergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic nuclei. Lower, but nonetheless still high, receptor densities are found in the limbic system and cortex (especially frontal cortex), a result consistent with a possible important role of 5-HT2C receptors in Received for publication November 21, 1996. ABBREVIATIONS: m-CPP dihydrochloride, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1:2 HCl; 5-CT, 5-carboxamidotryptamine; DOB, 1-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane; (6)-DOI hydrochloride, rac-4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-a-methylbenzylamine 1:1 HCl; 8-OH-DPAT hydrochloride, 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin 1:1 HCl; SB200646A, N-(1-methyl-59-indolyl)-(3-pyridyl)urea 1:1 HCl; Ro 60-0175/ORG 35030, (S)-2-(chloro-5-fluoro-indol-1-yl)-1methylethylamine 1:1 C4H4O4; Ro 60-0332/ORG 35035, (S)-2-(4,4,7-trimethyl-1,4-dihydro-indeno[1,2-b]pyrrol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine 1:1 C4H4O4; Ro 60-0491/001, N-(2-naphthyl)-N9-(3-pyridyl)-urea 1:1 HCl; 5-HT, serotonin; DRL-72 s, differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s operant schedule; EEG, electroencephalogram; EMG, electromyogram; FT-1 min, fixed-time 1-min operant schedule; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder; p.o., per os; REM, rapid eye movement; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. 0022-3565/98/2862-0913$03.00/0 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Vol. 286, No. 2 Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Printed in U.S.A. JPET 286:913–924, 1998 913 at A PE T Jornals on D ecem er 4, 2017 jpet.asjournals.org D ow nladed from affective disorders. Specific antibodies have also been used to study the location of 5-HT2C receptors, recognizing sites in rat choroid plexus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum and substantia nigra and in human cerebral cortex, substantia nigra and cerebellum (Abramowski et al., 1995). The potential use of 5-HT2C receptor ligands in psychiatry is suggested by a number of observations. Transgenic mice that lacked functional 5-HT2C receptors exhibited abnormal feeding behavior leading to overweight, as well as susceptibility to seizures (Tecott et al., 1995). 5-HT2C receptor-mediated effects, such as hypophagia, resemble those induced by SSRIs (Leander, 1987; Lucki et al., 1988), and furthermore, the interoceptive cue produced by SSRIs has been reported to exhibit similarity to that of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist MK212, only partially to the 5-HT1A/7 receptor agonist 8-OHDPAT and not to the 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI (Berendsen and Broekkamp, 1994). Such results suggest that some of the therapeutic effects of the SSRIs may be mediated at least in part by 5-HT2C receptor agonism. Certainly there are a number of common effects in rodents that have now been noted for SSRIs and 5-HT2C receptor agonists, including inhibition of escape from aversive periaqueductal-gray stimulation, hypophagia, decreased defensive burying, induction of penile erection and inhibition of muricide (Broekkamp and Berendsen, 1992). A considerable body of preclinical and clinical data on m-CPP, which exhibit high-affinity binding to 5-HT2C receptors (as well as affinity to several other 5-HT receptor subtypes and nonserotonergic receptors) indicates that under some circumstances it exacerbates clinical symptoms in patients with OCD or panic anxiety (Kahn and Wetzler, 1991). However, recent results suggest that such effects are probably 5-HT1D receptor-mediated (Zohar and Cohen, 1995; Loi et al., 1995). Unfortunately, only nonselective 5-HT2C receptor agonists have been available as research tools. The present study provides an extensive biochemical and pharmacological characterization of two novel 5-HT2C receptor agonists. Novel agents acting at the central 5-HT2C receptors may offer therapeutic advantages. The absence of appreciable affinity to certain other 5-HT subtypes may provide the basis for an improved therapeutic index compared with the general activation of all the different 5-HT receptor subtypes by SSRIs. For example, 5-HT1A receptor agonism has been associated with evidence of sexual dysfunction and anxiogenesis in animals (e.g., Ahlenius et al., 1986; Moser et al., 1990; Maswood et al., 1996), and 5-HT2A receptor agonism has been implicated in cardiovascular effects (Saxena, 1995). The experimental results described here with novel selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists in different animal models of psychiatric disorders support this view. Ro 60-0175/ORG 35030 and Ro 60-0332/ORG 35035 are 5-HT2C receptor agonists that offer the potential advantages of therapeutically relevant effects in animal models of OCD and depression similar to or better than those of fluoxetine, combined with an improved side-effect profile. SSRIs enhance endogenously released 5-HT and thereby activate all postsynaptic 5-HT receptor subtypes. A direct agonistic effect at the 5-HT2C receptor (especially in the absence of any appreciable 5-HT2A receptor agonism) defines the probable mechanism responsible for the favorable pharmacological profiles of Ro 60-0175/ ORG 35030 and Ro 60-0332/ORG 35035. Materials and Methods In Vitro Pharmacology In vitro binding assays. In most binding assays, the compounds were tested at a single concentration (10 M) using the methodology described in table 1. In those assays where the compounds displaced more than 50% of the specific binding, the compounds were retested at multiple concentrations to estimate pKi values. With respect to the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, experiments were performed with membranes obtained from NIH 3T3 cell lines expressing human 5-HT1A, human 5-HT2A or human 5-HT2C receptors (kindly donated by Dr. Nico Stam, N.V. Organon). For each receptor subtype, a single batch of cells was grown using fermentation techniques previously described (Sleight et al., 1996). Radioligand binding assays were as previously described for the human 5-HT2A receptor, with minor modifications for labeling human 5-HT1A and human 5-HT2C receptors. Briefly, on the day of the experiment, membranes were thawed and resuspended in 10 times the original volume of assay buffer to give a concentration of approximately 4 3 10 cells per assay tube. The assay buffer consisted of Tris-HCl 50 mM, pargyline 10 M, MgCl2 5 mM and ascorbic acid 0.1%, pH 7.4. All compounds were dissolved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and diluted in assay buffer. Assays were similar for each receptor and consisted of 100 ml of membrane preparation (depending on the assay), 50 ml of radioligand ([H]-5-HT 1 nM final concentration for labeling human 5-HT1A and human 5-HT2C receptor binding sites and [ H]-DOB 1 nM final concentration for labeling human


It has been reported that shipping stress and environmental changes during early pregnancy may affect the neurotoxic effects after prenatal exposure to valproate (Ogawa et al. , Toxicol Lett. Aug. 19, 2007). In the present study, maternal body weight and fetal p~rameters including implantation and fetal mortality ratios, fetal and placental weights, and incidence of fetal external abnormalities in Crl:CD~, (SD)IGS BR rats were compared between an in-house (IH) bred group of pregnant rats mated at testing facility and a pre-mated (PM) group bred by the supplier and shipped to the testing facility to arrive on gestation day I (GD1). Maternal animals were 13 weeks and 11 weeks of age at GDO (the day of copulatory plug confirmation) in the IH and PM groups, respectively. Maternal body weights in the PM group were 20 to 270/0 Iower than those of the IH group throughout the pregnancy period. However, body weight gain during the pregnancy period was higher in the PM group, especially early in the pregnancy period, suggesting rapid recovery from shipping stress. In the IH and PM groups, respectively, no significant differences were noted in the implantation ratio (81.50/0 versus 79.80/0), fetal viability (98.00/0 vs. 96.80/0), fetal mortality (2.80/0 vs. 3.20/0), sex ratio (female/total, O.52


The main purpose of our paper is to identify and analyse the underlying stereotype attributes concerning accountant, accounting and users through cartoons. Doing so, we aim to capture insights of how this spectrum of society perceives actors involved on accounting issues.  Our study also differs from others as our period of analysis is long, 79 years, from 1925 to 2003. As we have the advantage of a long period and a popular non-professional database, we can work with multiple actors as accountant, accounting and users, instead of focusing on single one. And the richness of database also allowed splitting these main actors in 7 actors. In order to capture stereotype nuances of multiple actors from a cartoon database, we use discourse analysis method that has been used on other studies of identity but not to study accounting issues. As cartoons are composed by images and texts to give a message, it is richer to analyze discourse beyond images and texts. Our results are mainly consistent with previous studies although we found some different results when considering different periods of time as well new findings about tax actors such as taxpayers, tax agent and tax accounting.


Since the second half of 2009,the Judiciary of Chongqing has disposed a series of criminal cases relating to gangland crimes legally.And up to now it obtained widely the praise.The legal practice of punishing gangland crimes not only realized the fairness and justice of law,but also provided a wealth of empirical material for theoretical studies.It's necessary and urgent for us to research on "Chongqing Case Group" with scientific analysis tools in order to obtain common theoretical conclusions,which has a significant reference value for the work of national punishing gangland crimes.


The focus of this diploma thesis is to explain the idea of optimization within the visual effects industry. This diploma thesis describes the potential steps that can be made through automation, between production and post-production, and their direct influence on both time and budget.


This paper studies the video buffer control for streaming video data to mobile devices. We target on the design challenge when the wireless link quality is dynamic due to the the environmental factors or user mobility. We develop a Dynamic and Agile bufforcontrol scheme, called DAB, that adaptively adjusts the video buffer size based on the measurements of the signal strength (RSSI) and accelerometer on the smartphone. Our goal is to keep a smooth playback while deliver as little data as possible to the enduser in order to save bandwidth cost. We have implemented our solution on Android platform and evaluated it with experiments. Compared to traditional video buffer schemes, our solution DAB significantly improves the performance in terms of the quality of playback and the buffer efficency. c © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Elhadi M. Shakshuki.


Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic network without fixed infrastructure due to their wireless nature and can be deployed as multi-hop packet networks. It is a wireless network and has dynamic topology due to its node mobility. Networks are being used in various areas and the demand of users nowadays has motivated the emergence of the heterogeneous MANET. Compared to homogeneous MANET, heterogeneous MANET is more open to other types of network for example wireless LAN, cellular network and fixed network. In MANET, the concern is more to configuration and one of the important elements in configuration is routing. Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) is one of the routing protocols in MANET which can compromise with MANET characteristics. The aim of this research is to assess the performance of AODV in different mobility speed for homogeneous MANET and heterogeneous MANET through the simulation method. The simulation scenarios derived from the HetMAN architecture (as been discussed in previous work) have been developed in the OMNeT++ network simulator. The results achieved from the test have been evaluated using the metrics assigned; throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The tests show that, as the speed increase, the throughput and PDR decrease for both homogeneous and heterogeneous MANET. From the test also, we can conclude that the performance in homogeneous MANET is better than in heterogeneous MANET.


In 1861, the US Naval Observatory put out one of the first calls for applied research from a US government agency. Their problem was concrete and the need clear: they needed to build a compass that would still work even aboard new ships made of iron. The solution came in the form of a liquid compass (Ritchie Navigation, 2012). This revolutionary invention was an elegant solution to a mechanical challenge. Today, US government agencies funding education are also seeking elegant solutions to "crises" under the assumption that the problems are simple and mechanical (Williams, 2007). Current reforms are characterized by implementation of the Common Core State Standards (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010; this will be referred to as CCSS throughout). In literacy education, this standardized, formulaic approach to solving complex and highly diverse social problems has been based on an extremely limited range of scientific research. Its resulting foundations on extremely narrow views of reading, writing, speaking/listening, and language make it essential that professional English teachers go beyond the Standards in order to ensure that all students are supported to succeed.Standards are not in and of themselves bad, but they should be mitigated by concerns of context and delivery. Standards are inflexible, which means they can become outdated or obsolete (perhaps via technological change) and so should allow for some leeway regarding interpretation as well as teaching approaches. Even though the Common Core State Standards authors warn that the Standards do not function as a curriculum, and even though it specifically states that its Standards cannot account for all that students should know in English language arts, the Standards proceed from a basic assumption that literacy and language arts development means teaching children a one-size- fits- all set of skills and behaviors-what Street (1984/1995) called an autonomous model of literacy. This assumption has set the stage for numerous implementation problems and practices that standardize curriculum and teaching; even the CCSS warn that standardization must be avoided and that teachers "establish individualized benchmarks" for their students (¶ 2).Teaching requires attention to both ideological and autonomous aspects of literacy. And although no single lesson or unit can or should try to cover every component of the CCSS, our point is that we can meet the CCSS and students' needs in ways that satisfy both, as well as our obligations as teachers (Burns & Botzakis, 2012). One of the major drawbacks of only using an autonomous model is that literacy instruction becomes simplistic and overly focused on covering each Standard and not student learning. It also frequently leads to treating each Standard as if it were separate from all the others. The CCSS becomes the basis for academic checklists-objectives to address superficially in a mad dash toward standardized tests that have little to do with how people actually read, write, and think in real life (including college and careers).Instead of being concerned primarily about student learning, educators working with autonomous models and standards become more concerned about "dips in test scores" (Collier, 2012, p. 22) that may result from variations in how different skills are taught in different classrooms. Schools teach to tests because the stakes are so high, and the impulse is to make sure all students learn the same things at the same times at the same rates. Failure or resistance can and does lead to teachers losing their jobs, schools losing funding, communities losing property value, and more (Hiebert & Mesmer, 2013).A number of complications arise for teachers when they rely on isolated content standards. First, such reliance removes attention to important issues of diversity regarding how teaching and learning must be designed for optimal success with all students. …


For a class of Takagi-Sugeno(T-S) fuzzy systems with norm-bounded parameter uncertainties,the problem of designing an optimal guaranteed cost fuzzy controller is considered via the parallel-distributed compensation(PDC) approach.A condition for the existence of guaranteed cost fuzzy control laws was derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs),the design problem of the optimal guaranteed cost fuzzy controller was formulated as a convex optimization problem,which could be solved with the existing convex optimization techniques.Furthermore,the proposed approach was used to design the optimal guaranteed cost fuzzy controller for an inverted pendulum.The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In this paper,Chinese Green Building Evaluation Standard(GB/T 50378-2006) and LEED were compared.Some problems in the system of Chinese green building evaluation were discussed from different aspects,such as the promulgation subject,division of architecture patterns,declaration schedule,economic benefits.And then,some advises to improve Chinese green building evaluation system was proposed.


Most of the developing countries are moving in to smart meters equipped with prepayment facility to measure electricity in order to reduce the financial losses faced by utilities due to consumer reluctance to make bill payments on time. Prepaid smart meters enable consumers to effectively manage their electricity usage. But the main drawback of the currently available prepaid meters is their high cost which makes them infeasible for developing countries. This paper is based on a final year university project on designing and implementing a digital prepaid energy meter which is affordable for domestic consumers in a developing country like Sri Lanka. The prepaid energy meter described in this paper is a single phase230V/40A energy meter which consist of a metering devise designed according to the IEC1036 (1996-09) standard and a prepaid module that uses GSM/GPRS technology to communicate with the utility server. Keywords— Credit card, Energy metering IC, Metering devise, Mobile service provider, Prepaid module.


This article summarized the utilization and research progress of fragrant root grass in the domestic and foreign by summing up the application of fragrant root grass in the domestic and foreign in agriculture,forage grass,essence withdrawing,conservation of water and soil,rubbish of cities dealing,feed,edible fungus cultivation,civil engineering protection.It had indicated the economic efficiency and ecological benefit of fragrant root grass comprehensive utilization,and its optimized cultivation was discussed in the present.


The performances of orthogonal space–time block codes (OSTBCs) over Rician–Nakagami channels are investigated. In particular, we derive closed-form symbol error probability (SEP) expressions for OSTBC systems in which M-ary phase-shift-keying modulation and M-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation are used. These SEP results are expressed in terms of Lauricella's multivariate hypergeometric functions, which can be easily evaluated numerically. When the Rician–Nakagami channel degenerates to the Rician–Rayleigh channel, or equivalently the Rayleigh fading channel, the closed-form SEP expressions are rewritten in terms of higher transcendental functions, that is, Gauss hypergeometric function and Appell hypergeometric function.


Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) were invented to remove particulate matter from air [1]. They are commonly attached to coal plants to extract particulate matter from the smoke released by burning coal [2]. ESPs operate by inducing a charge on the matter, causing it to gain a negative charge [3]. Then the gas mixture enters a channel with positively charged plates, causing the matter to cling to the plates [3]. After a maximum of 200 operational hours, the plates are vibrated to disconnect the particulate matter from the plates [4]. The matter falls into a receptacle so it can be collected and disposed [4]. ESPs are incredibly important to the health of society because they remove particulate matter from the air. Particulate matter is classified into two groups: PM10 and PM2.5. Due to its microscopic size, particulate matter can enter the bloodstream and lungs which can have severe health complications [5]. Excessive exposure can cause decreased lung function, irregular heartbeat, and aggravate asthma [5]. Coal plants produce a significant amount of particulate matter through their processes, and electrostatic precipitators can remove up to 99.8% of the particulate matter [6]. Removing most the particulate matter is vital to the health of society, because it significantly reduces the amount of particulate matter that can cause health problems. Key WordsCoal Plants, Corona Effect, Electrodes, Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), particulate matter OPERATION OF ELECTROSTATIC


During the last few years problem of high harmonics in electric power grid has become an important problem [1]. The number of small and m edium power nonlinear loads like power electronics motor drives, switching power supplies and compact fluorescent lamps is increasing every year. Moreover, these loads are us ually spread over the power network, so it is not possible to efficiently compensate the harmo nics using a single power conditioner. This leads to problem of finding an optimal number and n etwork connection points for the power conditioners [2]. Paper presents three methods of Matlab/Simulink app lication to harmonic current flow simulation in selected fragments of electrical powe r grid. First method involves SimPowerSystems [9], a Matlab toolbox dedicated to modelling and simulation of electric power networks. The second method involves PSAT [8] , a free Matlab toolbox with similar functionality to SimPowerSystems. Both of the toolb oxes provides modelling and simulation in time and frequency domain, but neither of them a llows direct evaluation of the harmonic current flow using the frequency domain model. To s olve this problem an algorithm of Matlab program has been proposed in the paper. The third method involves direct implementation of frequency model [3] of the system in Matlab language. For all presented methods it is possible to use Optimization Toolbox algorithms to find optimal placement of harmonic power conditioners in the analysed network .


Education is a sector that needs to go on to operate countinously as a means of student's activity and development in covid-19 pandemic. Multimedia is the best solution for managing PE class not to stop despite the social distancing issue. The aduance of technology in digitalization era isn't an obstacle to on going learning activities. Advance multimedia facility could surely be able to answer the problem arising in the society related to physical activity carried out as a form of learning. The efectiveness of multimedia learning can be seen from its trancendency to attract student's attention and interest as it combines the views, sound, and movement. So that learning takes place attractively and easily remembered by the students.


No matter which psychological consultation and treatment sect, its final purpose is to promote the visitors 'comprehension,and the appearance of comprehension is the key to the success of treatment. psychology consultants should make full preparation for the appearance of comprehension accelerate the appearance of comprehension, consolidate the achievement of comprehension, thereby acquiring the satisfactory success of psychological treatment.


BACKGROUND
Previous experimental studies have indicated that locally administered enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) may have a stimulatory effect on bone formation. However, it is not clear if the positive effect of EMD is related to its effect on the periodontium as a whole or directly on the bone-forming cells. In addition, it is not known if the presentation of PTH by adding the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) is essential for its osteopromotive effect. Local delivery of a bioactive substance at the right time and in the right concentration often constitutes a major challenge. Polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel (PEG) is a degradable vehicle developed for delivery of bioactive proteins. To enhance the mechanical stability of the PEG-bioactive substance complex, an osteoconductive bone substitute material is often needed.

METHODS
Three standard diameter monocortical bone defects were prepared bilaterally in the mandibles of 18 Göttingen minipigs. The six defects of each animal were grafted with 1) autogenous bone chips, 2) biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute (BCP), 3) PEG + BCP, 4) EMD + PEG + BCP, 5) PTH + PEG + BCP, or 6) PTH-RGD + PEG + BCP. A non-resorbable barrier membrane was used to cover the defects. Three groups of six animals healed for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively.

RESULTS
There was no statistically significant effect of EMD, PTH, and PTH + RGD on bone formation compared to BCP and BCP + PEG. Particulated autografts showed the highest amount of new bone formation at all observation periods.

CONCLUSION
The present study fails to demonstrate any stimulatory effect of EMD, PTH, or PTH + RGD in combination with an experimental PEG hydrogel and BCP on bone formation.


Precision casting is currently motivated by high demand especially for castings for the aerospace, automotive and gas turbine industries. High demands on precision of this parts pressure foundries to search for the new tools which can help them to improve the production. One of these tools is the numerical simulation of injection process, whereas such software especially for investment casting wax injection, process does not exist yet and for this case must be the existing software, for alloys or plastic, modified. This paper focuses on the use of numerical simulations to predict the behavior of injected models of gas turbine blades segments. The properties of wax mixtures, which were imported into the Cadmould simulation software as a material model, were found. The results of the simulations were verified using the results of 3D scanning measurements of wax models. As a supporting technology for verifying the results was used the Infrared Thermography.


After a short summary of the story behind K. Hamsun's play In the Grip of Life [ Livet i Vold ], its plot and stage history in Russia, the article proceeds to tell about an unknown film script. Cinematic adaptations of Hamsun's books have always dominated Norwegian literature, while none of his dramatic pieces have made it to the screen. However, a film script was uncovered, an adaptation of In the Grip of Life: a play specially written for a Russian theatre. The script was found in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, among the documents of Evgeny Sergeevich Khokhlov. Based on the history of filmmaking and relevant filmography, Khokhlov's film script is not just the only attempt at film adaptation of a Hamsun play, but the first ever project based on a theatrical play in Russian cinematic history. Written almost 100 years ago, the script is far from perfect in the modern understanding of filmmaking; nonetheless, it has certain merits in the eyes of contemporaries. The very attempt to interpret the play by means of a nascent artistic genre may be considered a proof of its relevance to Russian audiences at the time.


Computer architectures require prediction to manage memory and storage operations such as prefetching, caching, and scheduling. Rather than relying on heuristics, a more powerful approach is to employ machine learning to learn general models for storage and retrieval. This paper introduces a technique, Temporally Aware Embedding (TAE), for learning correlation functions directly from mixed data sequences. We use a force-based learning model in which the co-occurrence of data elements within a sliding temporal window creates attraction forces that increase the correlation magnitude, while repulsion forces act to distribute points more uniformly across the embedding space. Our experiments show that TAE outperforms both simple and state of the art strategies at predicting the next element of data access traces. The embeddings learned with our approach can be combined with other algorithms to perform prefetching and caching in architectures which require greater intelligence to keep pace with growing user storage demands.


Underlying ideas about drug use and control are examined in order to construct a framework for analyzing U.S. drug policy. Four distinct approaches to policy-egalization, entitlement, paternalism, and punishment-are outlined. It is argued that consideration of these four policy perspectives and the underlying ideas about drug use and control provide an opportunity to make elements of the debate surrounding drug policy more explicit.


Objective To explore effect of acupuncture combined with herbs on serum MDA,SOD and NO in rats with chronic glomerulonephritis(CG).Methods 48 rats were divided into six groups,ie. control group,model group,acupuncture group,herbs group,acupuncture and herbs group and Shenyan Kangfu tablet group.The CG rats were induced by intravenous injection of bovine serum albumin in rats' caudal vein,and the effect of acupuncture combined with herbs on serum MDA,SOD and NO were observed. Results The serum MDA was increased,SOD and NO were decreased in model group.The serum MDA was decreased,SOD and NO were increased in acupuncture group,herbs group,acupuncture and herbs group. There were significant difference between them(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture combined with herbs is effective for CG and the mechanism is related to antioxidation.


BACKGROUND
Growth factors are proteins secreted by a number of cell types that are capable of modulating cellular growth, proliferation and cellular differentiation. It is well accepted that uterine cellular events such as proliferation and differentiation are regulated by sex steroids and their actions in target tissues are mediated by local production of growth factors acting through paracrine and/or autocrine mechanisms. Myometrial mass is ultimately modified in pregnancy as well as in tumour conditions such as leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Leiomyomas, also known as fibroids, are benign tumours of the uterus, considered to be one of the most frequent causes of infertility in reproductive years in women.

METHODS
For this review, we searched the database MEDLINE and Google Scholar for articles with content related to growth factors acting on myometrium; the findings are hereby reviewed and discussed.

RESULTS
Different growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and TGF-β perform actions in myometrium and in leiomyomas. In addition to these growth factors, activin and myostatin have been recently identified in myometrium and leiomyoma.

CONCLUSIONS
Growth factors play an important role in the mechanisms involved in myometrial patho-physiology.


Abstract The Green & Lean Manufacturing organisational strategy emphasises waste and environmental impact reduction, efficiency increase, quality improvement, and cycle time reduction by eliminating non-value-added activities. Usually, companies adopt the Manufacturing Cycle Efficiency indicator to identify and make improvements to meet Lean Manufacturing requirements. This work proposes an innovative approach based on Multiple Criteria Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate a new indicator, hereby called Value-Added Activities in Manufacturing Processes, to measure the efficiency of productive processes through Green Manufacturing concepts. This new indicator was applied in a company with the purpose of validating and testing it. The Levene's test was used to statistically validate the proposed procedure. As an immediate advantage of this new indicator, it was possible for managers to insert more information, such as incorporating aspects associated with Green Manufacturing, in the calculation of the Manufacturing Cycle Efficiency, making it more consistent and representative of what is happening in practice. Among this additional piece of information on the real processes analysed, it is worth mentioning, for example, the volume of scrap generated, the amount of sales invoicing, the quantity of work in process, and the quantity of finished products in stock. Specialists in Green & Lean Manufacturing, managers of the studied company, validated the results of the new indicator because they observed greater adherence to the practice of these new calculated values, when compared to the traditionally adopted calculations. Also highlighted, are other advantages of the new indicator such as the establishment of an efficiency ranking between the productive processes analysed and the determination of feasible goals to turn processes identified as inefficient into efficient ones.


We provide a direct and elementary proof that the formula obtained in [MQR17] for the TASEP transition probabilities for general (one-sided) initial data solves the Kolmogorov backward equation. The same method yields the solution for the related PushASEP particle system.


women living in the slum work there in a so-called 'informal sector', however, is misleading. About a third of the women in the area have wage-work elsewhere during the day, while another third are probably not engaged in any income generating activities. In her book, Voices from the City, the Danish cultural sociologist, Susanne Thorbek, explores how women in Khlong Toey form their lives. Thorbek lived for


Fokker-Planck coefficients are calculated to describe the interaction of a test particle distribution with an electron gas in a magnetic field of around 1012 G. For massive, classical test particles the Fokker-Planck equation is then solved numerically. Results are presented for the stopping length, the creation of an inverted distribution, and the final relaxation rate for a range of density and temperature values characteristic of the surface of an accreting neutron star. Differences of up to two orders of magnitude are found in comparison with other results in the literature. These arise because the gyro radius of the test particle is smaller than the Debye screening length of the electron gas.


The conference was overseen by our godfather, Ken Schwartz, who gave us valuable feedback on the papers that were presented. After each presentation session Ken provided the delegates with a short summary thereof. Offering not only technical inputs and asking thought-provoking questions, he provided us with numerous interesting titbits of his time spent studying and practising with the greats of our industry, such as Professors Jere Jennings, Geoff Blight, Ken Knight and Tony Brink, to name a few. In so doing he challenged us as young engineers in many ways about our future and the future of our profession. We are very thankful to him, his wife Marion and son David for attending, and the time and hard work he put into making this venture a great success.


Molecular vibrations of the β form of solid formic acid and of its deuterated isotopes are studied throughout the first Brillouin zone with the use of a Urey–Bradley force field. Phonon dispersion curves and related densities of states are calculated. It is shown that low‐energy phonons arising from the hydrogen bond are strongly dispersed. The time of flight neutron spectrum reported by others is discussed and interpreted.


The political changes in Romania after 1989 were followed by structural changes that affected all areas of social, economic, political, and cultural life. The transition from a 'closed' to an 'open' society has been difficult for East European countries, as the creation of institutions oriented towards competition and diversity has not led to an instantaneous change in mentalities and social routines. Decades of communist education in the 'spirit of modesty' ensured that aspirations did not transgress ideological boundaries, and this is essential to an appreciation of the gap between social aspirations and systemic functionality after 1990. More information available at ⟨www.ipp.md/⟩. Extensive economic reorganization has had a direct effect on the education system, with some as yet unnatural changes. New occupations and fields of activity have emerged, for which existing qualifications are proving inadequate. At the same time, relative to the pre‐1989 occupational structure, the importance granted to qua...


Aims The aim of this project would be to understand about the pros and cons/ benefits and risks of using a centralised model of ECT (currently being followed due to COVID restrictions) rather than a decentralised model of ECT (which has been the norm for a long time). A comparative account of both types of systems would help identify whether it could be implemented in Pennine Care and the results could be potentially transferable to other similar settings. Method An online survey was undertaken from staff members working in Pennine Care who have been involved in ECT delivery and management. The survey was undertaken between 07/12/2020 and 11/01/2021 and included questions relating to pre-COVID ECT (June 2019 to February 2020) and during-COVID ECT (March 2020 to November 2020). Questions were around travel of staff/patients for ECT, whether they had a preference for a model and their reasons around it. Data were summarised in MS Excel and free text comments analysed to gain an understanding of staff's preferences and reasoning behind their choices. Result Although some boroughs had patients attending from other boroughs in pre-COVID times, considerably more staff (53.85%) and patients (61.54%) had to travel for ECT during COVID times. Around 50% staff expressed a clear view for decentralised services; the common reasons being safer for patients, better continuity of care, less travelling issues, patients more likely to consent, easier to manage correct paperwork, easier to send staff who knows patients well, less driving for staff and likely less cancellations. Around 40% staff expressed a clear view for centralised services; the common reasons being less staff needed, better infection control, easier to maintain staff skills, efficiency, developing clinical expertise with larger number of cases, education opportunities, better set-up of clinics, transportation and accessibility. Some concerns raised for the centralised model were managing patients with complex anaesthesia, travelling for unwell/ disturbed patients, too high patient numbers, poor communication and impact on training. Conclusion In summary, there was a mixed view of which services are preferable. Further discussion in trust wide ECT forum will be helpful to move things forward. Although it is likely that services may shift from a decentralised to a centralised system, we need to ensure this is done safely and in particular, address the main concerns around centralisation.


Tetris is one of those games that looks simple and easy to play. Although it seems simple, this game requires strategy and continuous practice to get the best score. This is also what makes Tetris often used as research material, especially research in artificial intelligence. These various studies have been carried out. Starting from applying state-space to reinforcement learning, one of the biggest obstacles of these studies is time. It takes a long to train artificial intelligence to play like a Tetris game expert. Seeing this, in this study,  apply the Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the most valuable player (MVPA) algorithm to optimize state-space training so that artificial intelligence (agents) can play like an expert. The optimization means in this research is to find the best weight in the state space with the minimum possible training time to play Tetris with the highest possible value. The experiment results show that GAs and MVPA are very effective in optimizing the state space in the Tetris game. The MVPA algorithm is also faster in finding solutions. The resulting state space weight can also get a higher value than the GA (MVPA value is 249 million, while the GA value is 68 million).


In 1931, Mungomery stated "whitegrubs have been for years past, and still are, the worst insect problem confronting the sugar industry". This statement remains true to this day, with canegrubs costing the Australian sugar industry A$7.22 million in lost production and in use of insecticides. The development of a sugarcane cultivar with resistance to canegrub attack would be a valuable addition to the recently implemented canegrub management program. This thesis examined the possibility that natural inhibitors derived from canegrubs could be incorporated in sugarcane to reduce or prevent its destruction by canegrubs.

The research described here demonstrated that canegrub haemolymph contains inhibitors with activity against commercially purified enzymes and serine proteases found in crude midgut extracts. A cDNA encoding a potential canegrub protease inhibitor (DA10 12) belonging to the Ascaris family was cloned, but it did not have activity against the major canegrub midgut proteases. This protein does, however, still have potential for modification into a serine protease inhibitor suitable for use as a novel insect resistance transgene. The possibility of using haemolymph derived inhibitors as novel antimetabolites in a canegrub management strategy based on transgenic plants was also explored. The findings suggest that proteins with properties similar to those of DA10 12 will require the presence of a signal peptide and/or codon optimisation for successful expression in sugarcane.

The research outlined in this thesis is the first investigation of protease inhibitors in the haemolymph of scarab larvae, and is the first report of an Ascaris family inhibitor that does not inhibit a serine protease.


The author examines the various forms of pious communities of men and women in the early period of what was known as the Moderne Devotie, up to around 1400. Many initiatives were taken, notably by groups of Dutch priests around Gijsbert Douwe and Hugo Goudsmid, to set up pious communities which were not necessarily as formalised as those developed earlier along the river IJssel around Geert Grote and Florens Radewijnszoon. In their earliest phase, these 'meetings' ('vergaderingen') could not be unequivocally called nunneries or monasteries. An appendix gives an overview of these devout men's and women's communities, paying particular attention to their later evolution. The women's communities turn out to have been especially numerous. The list contains 29 names. Further research is necessary.


Fe2lLa2, hexagonal, fój/mmc (No. 194), a = 4.1008(3) Â, c = 17.983(2) Â, V = 261.9 Â, Ζ = 2, R^F) = 0.034, wRr^F) = 0.075, T= 293 K. Source of material La2Fe2l is prepared by heating stoichiometric amounts of Lal3, La and Fe under Ar atmosphere in sealed Ta-capsules at 1193 Κ for one week. Discussion La2Fe2l is isotypic powder investigation [ 1 ] with Gd2lFe2 [2]. In the crystal structure the La atoms form sheets of trigonal prisms centered by Fe atoms. The Fe atoms are connected to slightly buckled layers of Fe6 rings (d(F—Fe) = 2.3695(2) Â). The La-(Fe-Fe)-La sheets are stacked along [001] and held together by layers of I atoms. Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal: Wavelength: μ· Diffractometer, scan mode: 20m«: Nfhklhoasumi, N(hkl)unique: Criterion for /obs, N(hkl)g¡. N(param)rt fined: Programs: silver colored platelet, size 0.025 χ 0.11 χ 0.20 mm Ag Ka radiation (0.56086 Â) 142.58 cm" Stoe IPDS, 290 exposures, b p = I 54.96° 5270,279 /obs > 2 a(Jcbs), 257 10 SHELXL-97 [3], ATOMS [4] References 1. Parie, Y.-B.; Martin, J. D.,Corbett, J. D.: Three Types of Condensed Cluster Phases of Rare-Earth Metal Iodides with Transition Metal Interstitiels: ΡΓ4Ι5Ν1, P13I3OS, Pr2lNÌ2 and ΙΛ2ΙΖ2. J. Solid State Chem. 129 (1997) 277-286. 2. Ruck, M.; Simon, Α.: GdîIFej und Y2BrîFe2+x: Übergänge zwischen Clusterverbindungen und intermetallischen Phasen. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 619 (1993) 327-336. 3. Sheldrick, G. M.: SHELXL-97. Program for refining crystal structures. University of Göttingen, Germany 1997. 4. Dowty, E.: Atoms 5.0, A Complete Program for Displaying Atomic Structures. By Shape Software, Kingsport, TN 37663, USA 1999. Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in Â). Atom Site X y ζ Un U22 U33 U12 Un t/23 La 4e 0 0 0.39078(3) 0.0090(2) Un 0.0096(3) t/n/2 0 0 I 2d 2/3 1/3 1/4 0.0118(3) Un 0.0128(4) Uu/2 0 0 Fe 4/ 2/3 1/3 0.50262(9) 0.0077(4) Un 0.0149(6) Un/2 0 0 * Correspondence author (e-mail: email@example.com)


A UNIQUE dosed circuit television system specifically designed for the purpose of extending the field of vision of an airport control tower operator has been developed by Kay Lab, San Diego, Calif. The need for this system has made itself apparent all over the country because with larger, faster propelled, and jet aircraft, longer runways are a necessity.


The simulation of clouds and precipitation with global climate models has proven notoriously difficult as a multitude of nonlinear processes spanning a large range of spatial and temporal scales are involved. Biases in the simulation of present-day clouds do not only affect confidence in the capability of the models to correctly reproduce present-day climate but also raise concerns about the accurate representation of cloud feedback processes in climate change projections. In this study we investigate the performance of state-of-the-art global coupled GCMs from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) by comparing simulated cloud properties with observations. A main focus is the variability of cloud properties and water vapor on seasonal and interannual time scales. The analysis is performed with the Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool), a community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for the evaluation of Earth System Models. The ESMValTool is applied to the ensemble of models participating in CMIP6 to evaluate the new models with satellite observations and for comparison with results from the previous generations of global coupled models (CMIP3 and CMIP5) to monitor the progress made over the recent years. The present-day performance of the models is then put into perspective with the simulated changes in cloud forcing in the abrupt 4xCO2 runs and with the equilibrium climate sensitivity of the models.


The heat spreader integrated microchannel heat sink is employed in thermal management of transient hotspot problem in multicore processors for high density electronic cooling application. The heat transfer characteristics of heat spreader integrated microchannel were comprehensively analyzed experimentally and numerically, and their effectiveness and thermal enhancement factor was compared with the regular microchannel. By using deionized water and Graphene oxide (GO) nanofluid as working fluid, investigations were conducted for Reynolds number ranging from 100–300. Multiple hotspot cores were modelled in the microchannel with four different heat fluxes to study the temperature responses in the heat spreader under transient thermal loads. Additionally, studies were conducted to address the thermal stress developed in the packaging of heat spreader integrated microchannel in multiple hotspot conditions. The result shows that the thermal effectiveness of GO-0.12% increased 65% as compared with pure fluid.


The purpose of this paper is to study pseudo-Euclidean and symplectic Hom-alternative superalgebras and discuss some of their proprieties and provide construction procedures. We also introduce the notion of Rota-Baxter operators of pseudo-Euclidean Hom-alternative superalgebras of any weight and Hom-post-alternative superalgebras. A Hom-post-alternative superalgebras consists of three operations such that some compatibility conditions are satisfied. We show that a weighted Rota-Baxter operator induces a Hom-post-alternative superalgebra naturally. Conversely, a Hom-post-alternative superalgebra gives rise to a new Hom-alternative superalgebra. In particular, a Hom-pre-alternative superalgebra is naturally built via symplectic structures.


This note points out that Rademacher's formula for $k$-color partitions, $1 \le k \le 24$ follows from the duality between nearly-holomorphic modular forms of weight $-k/2$ and $2+k/2$.


Since the classic work of Lorenz and Debye, it is well known that information about molecular structure and molecular behavior may be obtained through the study of the dielectric properties of pure systems or solutions. it is not surprising, therefore, that a large number of different classes of substances have been investigated by this physical-chemical method, the techniques of which have been highly developed in the last thirty years to cover a larger frequency range with alwaysincreasing accuracy. During this period it has also become possible to study the dielectric properties of conducting aqueous solutions, particularly aqueous solutions of charged macromolecules, of both synthetic and natural origin. The dielectric behavior of synthetic charged macromolecules (polyelectrolytes) in aqueous solutions differs considerably from the behavior observed with solutions of ordinary electrolytes as well as with solutions of uncharged macromolecules in both the nature and the amplitude of the effects observed. This specificity corresponds to the specificity observed for many physical-chemical properties of polyelectrolyte solutions that can be understood, at least qualitatively, i f it is realized that in such systems a nonadditive combination occurs between macromolecular and electrolyte behavior, the former characterized by the importance of molecular dimensions in conjunction with conformational statistics, the latter by the importance of strong long-range electrostatic interactions. Most strikingly, these specific properties are exhibited in dilute solutions of highly charged macromolecules in the absence or a t low concentrations of additional, low molecular, salt. Because of intramolecular charge repulsions, the average conformation of polyelectrolytes will deviate considerably from the ideal coillike one, and, in fact, successful theories explaining the thermodynamic properties of polyelectrolyte solutions often start from a rodlike model for the p ~ l y i o n . ' ~ As a consequence of the strong intermolecular interactions between the charged macromolecule and the counterions in solution, the phenomenon of association is observed. This implies that on the average, a certain fraction of the counterions stays in the close neighborhood of the macromolecular chain, being unable to move independently through the solutions and thus reducing the effective charge on the polyion. (The occurrence of associated counterions has been predicted theoretically and has also been demonstrated experimentally by independent experimental methods.'-5) Both phenomena are important in understanding the dielectric properties of charged, synthetic polyelectrolytes, as we shall see in what follows.


The current research highlights the trade among under the regime of South Asian Free Trade Agreements specially focus on trade with India. The Regional Block trade has given importance to the host as well receiving countries. Data were collected from various secondary sources and analysis by using Computable General Equilibrium model by using GEM pack. The regional trade among the Block countries are given absolutely and comparative advantage among various countries in the Blocks. The recent trade development shows positive results among the member countries specially in the context of free trade among South Asian Countries. ASEAN, NAFTA, MESUER trade gaining importance in the world and regional block trade has effect on the economies of the country. It was revealed that block trade has positive impact not only the countries economy but also welfare of the importing and host countries among the regional bloack.


We present cooperative MIMO for alien noise cancellation (CoMAC): a per-tone, blind, low-complexity, linear, and adaptive noise whitening algorithm for alien crosstalk mitigation in upstream vectored VDSL systems. CoMAC directly acts on the residual errors of the vectored users after self-FEXT cancellation and frequency domain equalization, and thus, leverages the inherent alien-crosstalk-induced spatial correlation across users. CoMAC employs a lowcomplexity recursion scheme derived from the optimal MMSE noise whitener to non-disruptively initialize, engage, and adapt the noise canceller while the vectored users operate in data mode. Assuming reliable transmit symbol estimation at its input, we show that CoMAC achieves the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Further, the SNR improvements accruing from CoMAC can be translated into substantial rate improvements for upstream vectored VDSL.


Squamous cell carcinoma of nasal vestibule and pyramid is rare, thus classification, treatment protocol, and indications for elective neck treatment are still controversial. Nasal reconstruction is challenging, as well, and prosthesis is still used.


We study the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of a pair of strong polyelectrolytes within the nanopores of track-etched membranes, for pore diameters ranging from similar to 50 to 850 nm. The end-to-end distance of the polyelectrolyte chains in solution was varied from 10 to 50 nm by selecting polyelectrolytes of low and high molar mass and by playing with ionic strength. On flat model surfaces, a linear growth is obtained for all probed conditions and the growth increment is independent of molar mass and substrate nature. When LbL assembly is performed within nanopores, a very different picture of growth emerges, with increments of thickness per cycle of deposition being much larger than on flat surfaces (by factors as large as 100 in some cases), and no significant dependence on molar mass or ionic strength. These observations indicate that polyelectrolyte complexation occurs within a dense gel filling the whole nanopore, resulting from entanglement of the chains which are in a concentrated regime when passing in the confined space of the pore; upon drying, the gel collapses in a tube of wall thickness roughly proportional to its diameter. By using polyelectrolytes of lower molar mass, pore diameters as small as 50 nm could be filled, opening opportunities for the facile fabrication of LbL nanowires of very large aspect ratio.


Abstract : Drop-size measurements of the simulated rain fields at Holloman Air Force Base are reported. These measurements are compared with drop-size spectra from natural rains in various climatic regions. Average drop-size spectra for tropical, temperate, and arctic climatic regions are presented for rainfall rates of 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.01 percent of total time. (Author)


This report prepared for the U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) consists of six papers on aspects of the demographic analysis of family and household structure in the United States. The first two papers concern the quality of the data in the June 1980 Current Population Survey on retrospective marriage histories and fathers financial support for children from previous marriages. The next paper examines remarried couple households. The final three papers deal with marriage trends including remarriage and separation. (ANNOTATION)


The effects of UV irradiation during radio-frequency plasma poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) sputtering on the structure of the deposited film was investigated. Thermal stability is enhanced by photoassisted effects. The photoassisted effect on the molecular structure is an enhancement of unsaturated carbons through C-F bond cleavage by electronic excitation. These unsaturated bonds result in radical spins and induce a conjugated structure


Preoperative and one-month postoperative Frank vectorcardiograms were recorded on 44 patients with mitral stenosis, which were divided into four groups according to their preoperative mean pulmonary pressures. In the group with absent pulmonary hypertension, the leftward components of the 0.04-second and the maximum QRS vectors were significantly increased postoperatively. In the group with minimal pulmonary hypertension, the leftward components of the 0.03-, 0.04-second and maximum QRS vectors and the maximum leftward component were significantly increased post-operatively. In these two groups, however, the postoperative QRS loops in the horizontal plane were about the same in configuration as the preoperative ones. Therefore, it was noted that the quantitative analyses of instantaneous vectors rather than mere morphologic comparisons of QRS loops were necessary to demonstrate the relatively small postoperative changes that occurred in the two groups. In the group with moderate pulmonary hypertension, the preoperative horizontal loops showing evidence of RVH made marked changes to the direction of normality postoperatively. The maximum posterior component was significantly decreased postoperatively. The leftward components of the 0.02-, 0.03-, 0.04-second and maximum QRS vectors and the maximum leftward component were significantly increased postoperatively. In the group with severe pulmonary hypertension, the postoperative loops in the horizontal plane still showed evidence of RVH, though the degree of RVH was much less severe in comparison with that of the preoperative ones. The postoperative increase in the maximum leftward component, the postoperative decrease both in the maximum right-ward component and the maximum posterior component were all significant. The leftward components of the 0.03-, 0.04-second and maximum QRS vectors were markedly increased postoperatively.


Objective:To investigate the prevalence of mutations of hepatocyte nuclear factor(HNF)-1α gene in Jiangsu Zhenjiang families with early-onset diabetes mellitus.Methods: Eighty pedigrees probands of early-onset diabetes were collected in Jiangsu Zhenjiang area,who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes under 40 years old and,at least,another first relatives was diagnosed as type 2 diabetes under 45 years old.Another 96 non-diabetic subjects were enrolled as controls.By PCR,all the exons of MODY3 gene were amplified and PCR products were sequenced to identify the DNA variants. Results: By screening MODY3 gene in 80 diabetic probands,two DNA variants were identified in coding region,including which we found one Ile27Leu missense mutations in exon 1 and one Leu459Leu samesense mutation in exon 7.There were no difference between the Chinese familial early-onset diabetes mellitus and the normal controls in polymorphism allelic frequency and genotype frequency of the Ile27Leu mutation(P0.05).The Leu459Leu samesense mutation was only found in one proband.It was co-segregated in the pedigree′s members and was not found in normal control subjects. Conclusion: No enough evidence demonstrates that the variation in HNF-1α gene is the major cause of early-onset diabetes in Jiangsu Zhenjiang population.


* From the Department of Surgery of the Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia Univ. College of Physicians and Surgeons. Aneurysm of the aorta is a relatively rare but exceedingly important disease. There are few diseases the prevention and cure of which have presented a greater challenge to the profession, and no disease capable of causing more misery to a patient than aneurysm. In aneurysm of the aorta we are primarily concerned with two etiological agents; namely, syphilis, and arteriosclerosis. During the past decade in America there has been observed a distinct decline in the number of syphilitic aneurysms. But, discouraging to state, there has been both a relative and absolute increase in aneurysms due to arteriosclerosis. Figure 1 portrays well this trend at the Presbyterian Hospital in the City of New York in an analysis of 365 cases of aneurysm of the aorta during the years 1932 to June 1953 inclusive. Note the distinct preponderance of arteriosclerotic aneurysm over syphilitic aneurysm during the four year period, 1949-1952. It is gratifying to know that now with advances in the treatment of syphilis the prospects are good for eradicating this type of aneurysm. However, the great increase in the incidence of arteriosclerotic aneurysm presents a new challenge. For example, you will note in Figure 1 that there were more than six times as many arteriosclerotic aneurysms admitted in 1952 than were admitted in 1942. Furthermore, the number of arteriosclerotic aneurysms admitted in 1952 exceeded the greatest number of syphilitic aneurysms admitted any one year during the twenty year period. An important factor in the increased incidence of arteriosclerotic aneurysm in America is the increasing life span. It seems probable that the strong emphasis in recent years upon periodic medical examinations has contributed to the increased incidence of diagnosis of aneurysm. Particularly is this true with patients having arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta who, so frequently, are asymptomatic until rupture of the aneurysm occurs. In recent years a high percentage of patients having aneurysm are being operated upon. This perhaps reflects an increasing confidence in the evolution of surgical techniques and advances in the surgical management of the geriatric patient. Figure 1 reveals that in the early thirties approximately 12 per cent of the


Abstract Studies of the representaion of tree pollen on moss polsters within and around a mixed plantation on the Isle of Barra in the Outer Hebrides revealed that relatively high concentrations of tree pollen (>20per cent) occurred within the plantation, but that proportions fell to background levels at distances between 1 and 40m of the woodland margin. These very short distances imply that palynological studies of the vegetational history of the Outer Hebrides might fail to record patches of woodland that may, in the past, have existed within an overall open (moorland) environment. 'Alnus' and 'Pinus' were well represented; 'Acer', 'Fraxinus' and 'Picea' under‐represented.


AbstractThis work examines the effects of diesel fuel oxygenation on the combustion and emissions in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. This is a predominately computational study, where the in...