Neurospora as part of an undergraduate genetics course. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This neurospora in teaching is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol10/iss1/24 Ishikawa, T. Neurospora as part of an undergraduate genetics course. The following contribution presents, in outline form, procedures for experiments with Neurospora that are used in a genetics course at the University of Tokyo. The nature of accompanying laboratory lectures is indicated for each experiment, as well. The students, about 15 per class, are undergraduate majors in biology who meet for 5 hours per week for 12 weeks; they are expected to come to the laboratory outside regular class hours to make observations whenever necessary. Media, cultures and sterile glassware for the experiments are prepared by the students, themselves. Several of these exercises may be run simultaneously, depending upon the class schedule. Experiment 1. Characterization of mutant strains. Lecture: Mutation, types of mutants, pathway of adenine (AMP) synthesis. Strains: ad-3; ad-4; ad-6; ad-8; ad-8; lys-5; ylo-1; asco, lys-5; 74A; 3. la. Procedure: 1) Prepare fresh cultures of mutants and the wild types given. Use glycerol complete slant medium + adenine 100 ug/ml and lysine 100 ug/ml. 2) Sterilize petri dishes, test tubes and pipettes. Prepare sterile water blanks. 3) Prepare media: a) sucrose agar plating medium with and without supplements; b) liquid minimal medium with and without supplements. Supplements: adenine 100 ug/ml, hypoxanthine 100 ug/ml, lysine 100 ug/ml or adenine + lysine. 4) Pour 20 ml agar medium, autoclaved, into each plate. Dispense 1 ml liquid medium into each 10-cm tube, plug autoclave. 5) Observe morphological characters of fresh slant cultures. 6) Make conidial suspensions of each strain in water and shake well. 7) Inoculate conidial suspensions into both media. Mark the strain numbers on plates and tubes and incubate at 25C. 8) Observe growth after 1-3 days. Record morphological and biochemical characters of the strains. Experiment 2. Allelism test. Lecture: Discussion of gene, locus, allelism; cis-trans test. Strains: ad-8 mutants (E6A; E129A; E32A; E1l1A; E34A; E41A); ad-4A.


Purpose:  To identify specific items on knowledge and need for information that could be used to improve compliance with glaucoma medication.


The purpose of this study was to determine 1) relationship influences brand awareness on .brand trust, 2) relationship influences brand awareness on brand image, 3) influence of brand image on brand trust. The study was conducted on Islamic product brands in City of Malang, East Java. Used accidental sampling, total sample of 100 respondent. SEM analysis technique using PLS. The results showed that brand awareness brand effect on trust, brand awareness effect on brand image, and brand image affect to brand trust.


The automatic detection of diseases and gastrointestinal tract anomalies is a challenge for medical experts, affecting patient treatment decisions. Deep learning emerges as a new tool in interpreting medical images for the diagnosis, disease prediction, and clinical treatment analysis. Several works proposed in the literature rely on convolutional neural networks to classify medical images accurately. However, the state-of-the-art methods for gastrointestinal anomalies classification have complex architectures, which require multiple parameters to be trained. Then, there is a scope for developing a light and easily replicable deep-learning-based method that maintains the high precision of more complex models. This work proposes a workflow to classify diseases and anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract using image processing and a transfer learning strategy. Our proposed method is tested on the Kvasir-V2 dataset, containing 8000 endoscopic images divided into eight classes. Our proposed approach achieves more than 98% accuracy during testing by only using the fifth part of trainable parameters compared to the state-of-the-art methods we compare our approach in the experiments.


iv
 List of Tables vi
 List of Figures vii
 Acknowledgements viii
 1. Introduction 1
 1.1 Experimental Proposal 1
 1.2 Expectations 9
 2. Materials and Methods 11
 3. Results 15
 3.1 Kinetic and Kinematic Data 15
 3.2 Energy Exchange 21
 4. Discussion 23
 4.1 Kinetic and Kinematic Data 23 4.2 Energy Exchange 33 4.3 A Broader Perspective of the Evolution of Bipedalism 33 4.4 Conclusions 36 References 39


Recently, a singular integral method was developed for solving two-dimensional compressible potential flows. The original formulation limited the applicability to single bodies in a uniform freestream. Currently, modifications are being made so that the flow field around multiple bodies can also be calculated. Because of the unique manner in which the integral equations are formulated, they are especially well-suited for analysis and inverse design calculations of a row of similar airfoils. A brief description of the formulation is given in this paper and some preliminary results are included.Copyright © 1988 by ASME


Steel surface defects have a significant impact on the quality and performance of many industrial products and cause huge economic losses. Therefore, it is meaningful to detect steel surface defects in real time. To improve the detection performance of steel surface defects with variable scales and complex backgrounds, in this paper, a novel method for detecting steel surface defects through a multiscale local and global feature fusion mechanism is proposed. The proposed method uses a convolution operation with a downsampling mechanism in the convolutional neural network model to obtain rough multiscale feature maps. Then, a context-extraction block (CEB) is proposed to adopt self-attention learning on the feature maps extracted by the convolution operation at each scale to obtain multiscale global context information to make up for the shortcomings of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), thus forming a novel multiscale self-attention mechanism. Afterwards, using the feature pyramid structure, multiscale feature maps are fused to improve multiscale object detection. Finally, the channel and spatial attention module and the WIOU (Wise Intersection over Union) loss function are introduced. The model achieved 78.2% and 71.9% mAP respectively on the NEU-DET and GC10-DET dataset. Compared to algorithms such as Faster RCNN and EDDN, this method is effective in improving the detection performance of steel surface defects.


The research progress and value on distant hybridization of plant breeding in recent years was reviewed comprehensively,especially about the reproductive factors which resulted in unsuccessful hybridization and the effective methods to overcome.These included the pre-fertilization barriers such as crossing incompatibility and post-fertilization barriers such as embryo abortion.The morphological,cytological and molecular cytological identification methods for hybridity of distant progeny were reviewed,and a new study field of plant distant hybridization was proposed as well.


Mixed-control algorithm only considers about freeways and ramp without the coordination with upstream intersections of side roads, which will result the jam on the upstream intersections of side roads. Therefore, this article has proposed an improved control algorithm of coordination of entrance ramp metering, freeways and upstream intersection of side roads based on the Mixed-control. The article has simulated this algorithm using CPN, and has proved the effectiveness of the algorithm through simulating the real road network by VISSIM.


In order to reduce the cost of lithium-ion batteries, production scrap has to be minimized. The reliable detection of electrode defects allows for a quality control and fast operator reaction in ideal closed control loops and a well-founded decision regarding whether a piece of electrode is scrap. A widely used inline system for defect detection is an optical detection system based on line scan cameras and specialized lighting. The cameras scan the electrode, and brightness differences on the surface are detected and processed inline. The characteristics of the defect image are used for automated classification of the defects based on image features. Furthermore, the detailed detection of defects allows for the identification of causes. This paper describes the working principle of such an inline detection system, the catalog of typical defects, and the image features used to classify them automatically. Furthermore, we propose and discuss causes and effects of the different defect types on the basis of the literature and expert experience. In combination with tracking and tracing, this enables the manufacturer to reduce scrap by detecting defects early in the production chain.


This paper compared the capabilities of the artificial neural network (ANN) and the fuzzy logic (FL) approaches for recognizing and discriminating partial discharge (PD) fault classes. The training and testing parameters for the ANN and FL comprise statistical fingerprints from different phase-amplitude-number (φ-q-n) measurements. Two PD fault classes considered are internal discharges in voids and surface discharges. In the void class, there are single voids, serial voids and parallel voids in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), while the surface discharge class comprises four different surface discharge arrangements on pressboard in oil at different voltages and angular positioning of the ground electrode on the respective pressboards. Previously, the ANN and FL have been investigated for PD classification, but there is no work reported in the literature that compares their performance, specifically when applied for real time PD detection problem. As expected, both the ANN and FL can recognize PD defect classes, but the results show that the ANN appears to be more robust as compared to the FL, but these conclusions required to be further investigated with complex PD examples. Finally, both the ANN and FL were assessed as practical PD classification. Despite of the limitations of the ANN, it is concluded that the ANN is better suited for practical PD recognition because of its ability to provide accurate recognition values and the severity level of PD defects.


Surface sterilization is the most important step in preparation of explants
 for micropropagation, because controlling fungal and bacterial contamination
 of woody plant from field sources is very difficult. Six sterilizing agents:
 sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)2], sodium
 dichloroisocyanurate (DICA), mercuric (II) chloride (HgCl2), silver nitrate
 (AgNO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were tested for sterilization of
 'Oblacinska' sour cherry buds, by varying their concentration and time of
 exposure. The aim of this study was to establish best surface sterilization
 for in vitro propagation of 'Oblacinska' sour cherry. Aseptic cultures of
 'Oblacinska' sour cherry were established from axillary buds which were
 placed in nutrient medium, supplemented with plants hormones
 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 1- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and gibberellic
 acid (GA3). The results indicated that among these sterilizing agents silver
 nitrate (AgNO3) at concentration of 1% for 20 minutes was the best for
 controlling the infection, whereas sterilization with sodium
 dichloroisocyanurate (DICA) at concentration of 1% for 10 minutes was not
 satisfactory.


Cardiotoxic effects in patients with breast cancer may present as asymptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction or symptomatic LV decline, which can progress to overt heart failure (HF). Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 and is a recommended targeted treatment for patients with overexpression of this receptor. However, the use of trastuzumab is associated with cardiotoxicity, manifested as LV dysfunction or HF. This review addresses the key issues related to individualised cardioprotection and surveillance, especially in elderly patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, based on the current cardio-oncology literature. Cardiac imaging techniques (e.g., echocardiography or multiple-gated acquisition scan) and biomarkers (e.g., cardiac troponins) that play a crucial role in the detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity related to systemic therapies for breast cancer are briefly described. This review presents cardioprotective approaches, including interruption or termination of trastuzumab therapy, and treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin-receptor blocker, or beta-blocker, which have been recommended for the reduction of cardiac adverse effects. Since the data relevant to cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab among real-world older women with breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases are still limited, this article focusses on improvements to the cardiac safety of trastuzumab-based regimens. In particular, this review emphasises the importance of intense surveillance in the elderly female population.


The generic cabling system is one of the fundamental infrastructures of intelligent buildings and campus.The acceleration and expansion of the global information industry put increasing demand on the design of system.Investigation is carried out into the grouding for safety and shielding.


220-nJ, 42-fs, 5.25-MHz pulses from a long-cavity Ti:Sapphire chirped pulse oscillator were spectrally broadened by nonlinear propagation in a Sapphire plate. The chirp was subsequently compensated with dispersive mirrors. After farfield spatial filtering the compressor delivered 80-nJ, sub-15-fs pulses at 5.25 MHz. A novel 500-nJ Oscillator has been developed in order to investigate the energy-scaling potential of this compression scheme. 16-fs 130-nJ compressed pulses were obtained with this source. A second compression stage has been calculated and designed in order to reduce the pulse duration down to < 10 fs.


The articler eveals the essence of nonviolent communication as a tool for effective interpersonal in teractionin socio-economic professions. Itisn ot edthatnon-violent communication is anapproachto communication that emphasizes the importance of mutualunder standing and recognition of the needs of all participants in the communication process as a factorin the irmotivation for activity. The genesis of concept of non-violent communication has been described. The importance of non-violent communication in socio-economic professions, in which the effectiveness of professional activity depends on communication, issu bstantiated. The differences between non-violent communication and violent communication are traced: violent communicationis characterized by the desireto manipulate, suppress the in itiative of the partner, leadstodistancing in the specialist-clientrelationship, violates the process of trust and empathy, cancause inter personal and intr apersonal conflicts.
The main components of nonviolent communication and algorithms for the formation of basicskills necessary for nonviolent communication are characterized. The maincomponents of the concept of nonviolent communication are observations, feelings, needs and requests. It wasconcludedthatnon-violent communication is the basisfortheuse of a diversearsenal of means to achieveconsensus, the implementation of mutually acceptable discourse, the sustainable achievemen to communicative goals by all participants of interpersonal interactionin professions of the socionomictypeinthe conditions of the exacerbation of social crises in recentyears – the pandemic of coronavirus infection, military actions, theincreaseinthenumberofsociallyvulnerablecategoriesofthepopulation, complication of the generals ituation with social protection of citizens, etc. The prospects offur the rscientificrese archareoutlined, which consistin the development of specific technologies for the formation of nonviolent communication skills in individual orgroup work of specialists in socionomic professions.


on each side, one of these sites being behind the middle of the clavicle. Of the 6 weekly treatments involved, the first two were followed, after about one hour, by left-sided chest pain lasting several days and accompanied by dyspnoea. The third to fifth treatments had no after effects, but the sixth treatment, on June 23, was followed by such severe left-sided chest pain and dyspnoea that the patient consulted me on June 26. There were no clinical signs of pneumothorax at this time, but X-ray examination on July 3 (the delay emphasizing the health hazards of nationalized medicine) showed a left apical pneumothorax, which a later film showed to have cleared completely.


ATES OF CANCER at most sites vary geographically; many are inversely associated with estimates R of selenium intake. These descriptive studies (also called "ecologic" or "correlational" studies), reviewed by Jansson,(l) have provided an important stimulus to research. However, since other dietary or nondietary factors that differ between these geographic areas could provide an alternative explanation for the association with selenium, firm conclusions cannot be drawn from such studies. In general, countries with high selenium intake and low rates of many specific cancers tend to be developing countries that typically have, for example, low fat intake. Indeed, the scatterplot of selenium intake vs national breast cancer mortality ratell) is almost the mirror image of that relating fat intake to mortality due to this neoplasm.13) These descriptive studies of groups can be especially valuable under unusual circumstances, such as when comparisons are made within countries under particularly uniform conditions, as in the study being conducted in China by Chen et a1.I') An alternative to observing cancer rates in populations is to examine the occurrence of this disease in individuals. Such studies, either case-control or cohort in design, usually offer greater opportunity to control for potentially confounding factors. This article reviews the methodological difficulties encountered conducting studies of selenium and cancer among individual humans, examines available data regarding this relationship from case-control and cohort studies, and discusses some of the implications of these findings for clinical trials.


High cholesterol is considered one of the most important factors for the coronary arterial disease development. As a result, effective treatments with medicine were developed to fight it; even so, they present high cost and collateral effects. Considering this fact, patients have required treatments using popular and scientific well-known food whose effect is to decrease the fat rate. Several researches are being carried out with eggplant with the objective of investigating their possible effects in the reduction of the blood fat. The species Solanum melongena has been the target of several studies due to its popular use in weight-loss diets, as it increases the elimination of fat and fights the exceeding cholesterol. This work aims at showing a literature review about the species Solanum melongena, of the family Solanaceae, associated with the reduction of fats by the organism. For this purpose twenty-five references were consulted.


AIMS
New Zealand has a very high rate of seasonal, sporadic campylobacteriosis compared to other OECD countries. Can the seasonality of New Zealand cases fit with an explanation of food-borne transmission (especially by chicken meat), and where does the fly-transmission hypothesis fit?

METHODS
Analysis of seasonal campylobacteriosis reports at the District Health Board level compared to regional ambient temperatures, and chicken consumption data. Literature review particularly of food-associated disease risks and transmission routes.

RESULTS
Campylobacteriosis rates in New Zealand show a national annual increase at a rate similar to chicken consumption. A drastic reduction in chicken consumption was associated with significantly reduced campylobacteriosis cases in two European countries, further strengthening the link between disease risk and chicken consumption. However, serotype analysis of the Campylobacter isolates is ambiguous regarding chicken meat itself as the major source of infection. The seasonal colonisation pattern in live chickens follows the seasonal increase in human cases. Flies are a plausible vector, associated with increasing overwintered fly foraging activity, rather than a summer increase in fly numbers.

CONCLUSION
The typically sporadic rather than outbreak nature of campylobacteriosis, the disjoint between seasonal patterns of human and chicken infection, the seasonal pattern itself, and inconclusive serotype evidence indicates against chicken meat itself as the major source of infection. However, chicken consumption is a significant risk factor.


This research aims to reveal the Policy Discretion for Post-Disaster Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Gunung Sinabung Eruption in Karo Regency in the Settlement Relocation Program. This study used qualtitative research. Disaster emergency factors (Emergency Response Status) and Humanitarian factors because the refugees have been living in temporary shelters (shelters) for ± 1.8 years in inadequate and inhumane living conditions are the driving forces for discretionary Rehabilitation and Reconstruction policies in the Settlement Relocation Program for disaster victims the eruption of Mount Sinabung, Karo Regency; Discretion of Post-Disaster Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Mount Sinabung's Eruption in Relocation of Refugee Settlements is caused by a legal vacuum, because post-disaster development cannot be carried out in the Emergency Response phase where since September 2013 until now the Disaster Status of the Mount Sinabung Eruption is still in the Emergency Response phase.


Part 1 South Africa: my family being a child in South Africa dancing days. Part 2 London in the 30th -ballet and art dealing: the most austere of disciplines the death of my mother new movements in ballet my introduction to art and artists the Leger Gallery - old masters meeting painters and critics Paris more exhibitions at the Leger Gallery prologue to war. Part 3 The war years: the National Gallery in wartime - "Browse's Academy" exhibitions and monographs - Sickert and others the Hugh Walpole estate Linden Gardens "Degas Dancers". Part 4 Settling down after the war: forming a partnership Roland, Browse and Delbanco in Cork Street early exhibitions and gallery artists ballet again, from the front of the house "in sickness and in health". Part 5 Roland, Browse and Delbanco: the rise and fall of London as art centre Roland, Browse and Delbanco and the avant-garde discoveries and revivals - O'Conor, Rodin, etc. "Balzac" at Hemel Hempstead Sickert again Scottish artists at the gallery a variety of exhibitions Forain and the monograph change at Cork Street - the opening of Browse and Darby.


Let Ω be an open, smooth, bounded subset of $ \mathbb{R}^n $. In connection with the fractional Laplacian $(-\Delta )^a$ ($a>0$), and more generally for a $2a$-order classical pseudodifferential operator (ψdo) $P$ with even symbol, one can define the Dirichlet value $\gamma _0^{a-1}u$, resp. Neumann value $\gamma _1^{a-1}u$ of $u(x)$, as the trace, resp. normal derivative, of $u/d^{a-1}$ on $\partial \Omega $, where $d(x)$ is the distance from $x\in \Omega $ to $\partial \Omega $; they define well-posed boundary value problems for $P$.
A Green's formula was shown in a preceding paper, containing a generally nonlocal term $(B\gamma _0^{a-1}u,\gamma _0^{a-1}v)_{\partial \Omega }$, where $B$ is a first-order ψdo on $\partial \Omega $. Presently, we determine $B$ from $L$ in the case $P=L^a$, where $L$ is a strongly elliptic second-order differential operator. A particular result is that $B=0$ when $L=-\Delta $, and that $B$ is multiplication by a function (is local) when $L$ equals $-\Delta $ plus a first-order term. In cases of more general $L$, $B$ can be nonlocal.


Abstract: Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes the survival of dopamine (DA) neurons, enhances expression of DA neuron characteristics, and protects these cells from 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) toxicity in vitro. We tested the ability of BDNF or neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) to exert similar protective effects in vivo during chronic delivery of 6‐OHDA to the rat neostriatum. Chronic infusions of BDNF or NT‐3 (12 µg/day) above the substantia nigra were started 6 days before and continued during an 8‐day chronic intrastriatal infusion of 6‐OHDA. In control and neurotrophin‐treated animals, 6‐OHDA treatment selectively depleted 50–60% of nigrostriatal DA nerve terminals but produced little if any loss of pars compacta DA cell bodies. This partial DA lesion resulted in three rotations per minute toward the lesioned hemisphere after treatment with the DA release‐inducing drug d‐amphetamine. Compared with supranigral infusions of vehicle, BDNF and NT‐3 decreased the number of these ipsiversive rotations by 70 and 48% and increased by 20‐ and 10‐fold, respectively, the number of contraversive rotations observed after amphetamine injection. When challenged with the DA receptor agonist apomorphine, BDNF‐ and NT‐3‐treated animals also exhibited a seven‐ and 3.5‐fold increase in the number of contraversive rotations relative to the vehicle group, respectively. Compared with vehicle, BDNF increased striatal levels of homovanillic acid (HVA; 86%), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC; 42%), and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA; 32%) and the HVA/DA (43%) and 5‐HIAA/serotonin (34%) ratios in the DA‐denervated striatum. NT‐3 augmented only striatal 5‐HIAA levels (24%). Neither factor altered the 6‐OHDA‐induced decrease in striatal DA levels or high‐affinity DA uptake and thus did not protect against the destruction of DA terminals and did not alter striatal D1 or D2 ligand binding. Choline, GABA, and glutamate uptake in the striatum were not altered by the lesion or neurotrophin treatment. Thus, BDNF and to a lesser extent NT‐3 reverse rotational behavioral deficits and augment striatal DA and 5‐HT metabolism in a partial DA lesion model.


In this paper, the design of universal compressive sensing filter based on normal filters including the lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and bandstop filters with different cutoff frequencies (or bandwidth) has been developed to enable signal acquisition with sub-Nyquist sampling. Moreover, to control flexibly the size and the coherence of the compressive sensing filter, as an example, the microstrip filter based on defected ground structure (DGS) has been employed to realize the compressive sensing filter. Of course, the compressive sensing filter also can be constructed along the identical idea by many other structures, for example, the man-made electromagnetic materials, the plasma with different electron density, and so on. By the proposed architecture, the n-dimensional signals of S-sparse in arbitrary orthogonal frame can be exactly reconstructed with measurements on the order of Slog(n) with overwhelming probability, which is consistent with the bonds estimated by theoretical analysis.


The aim of this analysis was to examine the association between asthma and general and abdominal weight status, defined by age‐ and sex‐specific cut‐offs for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in adolescents.


quicker recovery of organ function than in any of the laparoscopic series from the randomized studies1,2. In future, a combination of the physiological advantages of minimally invasive laparoscopic operation with the principles of fast-track multi-modal rehabilitation may provide significantly better outcome results than have been achieved so far with either method alone3. W. Schwenk and H. Kehlet Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany and Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4895


Lomotor activity and autogrooming behaviors of three adult male captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), kept under natural environmental conditions and visually isolated from one another, were continuously observed for three nonconsecutive days from dawn to dusk, during at least 12 h. The subjects restricted their performance to the period between 0.5:00 h ±3 min and 16:45 h ±7 min. The small variability observed in the plexograms suggests that the daily patterns are bimodal for locomotor activity and unimodal for autogrooming. This may be characteristic of the species under the present experimental conditions. Spectral analysis revealed a significant (P<0.05) 8-h rhythm period for locomotor activity, but the biological relevance of this could not be identified


The present paper refers to the comparative verifi cation of the recovery percentage (Rfactor) for the gas-chromatographic calculation of certain cheese types with high fat content, by using a few different concentration standards. The work was performed on samples taken from three types of cheese from the same producer f rom the Bihor County, which is Dalia pressed cheese (C), Mozarella (M) and kneaded cheese (B). All products have a high fat content (>35% DS * ). The recovery percentage has been calculated work ing in the same separation and purification conditions (using the s ame methods) for all the tests: by controlled addition of 25 ppb and 50 ppb concentration sample. In the calculation it was used the concrete value of the interest aria of the drop fou nd in the sample as it was and in the test that has been deliberately contaminated [1]. The added t est is a complex type, produced by the RESTEK company cat. No 32292, Lot nr A021837, "Organochlorine pesticide Mix AB ≠2, with initial concentration of 200 ppb. The R factor was calculated for all the standard organochlorine compounds that can be found in the a nalyzed cheese tests, separately for the two standard concentrations. The resulted values (m ean of each two calculations) are written in Tab. 1. Recovery degree, R ‐ cheese POC * α


Errata on "Elastic Field of a Partially Debonded Elliptic Inhomogeneity in an Elastic Matrix (PlaneStrain)," by B. L. Karihaloo and K. Viswanathan, and published in the December 1985 issue of the ASME JOURNAL OF ApPLIED MECHANICS, Vol. 52, pp. 835-840. A recent valuable exchange of notes on a related problem with Professor B. A. Bilby has exposed certain errors in the above paper. The errors arise from the delta-function behavior of the derivatives of eigenstress aij.j on the boundary an of the elliptical region n which we had overlooked in (2.7) and from the omission of a factor in the boundary condition (3.5). The following alterations to the paper will correct these errors: 1. Add Sanaij(x ')Gim(x,x ')nj(x ')dS(x '), where dS is an element of an, to R.H.S. of (2.7);


Introduction. Sign combinatorial spaces that exist in two states: convolute (tranquility) and deployed (dynamics), are considered. Spaces, in particular biological, physical, informational and some others, for which the axioms of sign combinatorial spaces, are valid, have a combinatorial nature. When they are deployed, combinatorial numbers (Fibonacci numbers) are formed, through which logarithmic spirals appear in living nature. These spirals are formed due to the finite sequences that take place during the deployment of the agreed spaces and which are presented geometrically using polar coordinates. Formulation of the problem. The logarithmic spiral is geometrically represented through a "golden rectangle" in which one side is 1,618 times longer ("golden" number or golden section). The presence of the golden ratio in nature is manifested through Fibonacci numbers, which are formed from an arithmetic triangle from elements of finite sequences formed by the deployment of sign combinatorial spaces. But this spiral is transmitted through the "golden rectangle" indirectly. The problem is to trace its formation in nature through constructed sequences, the elements of which are represented by polar coordinates. The approach proposed. Using the finite sequences that are formed during the unfolding of sign combinatorial spaces and the representation of their elements in polar coordinates, we can trace the dynamics of the formation of logarithmic spirals in nature. Conclusion. Representation of biological space as a sign combinatorial space can explain various phenomena in nature. When unfolding these spaces from the convolute spaces finite sequences are formed, the sums of the members of which determine the number of combinatorial configurations in a subset of isomorphic combinatorial configurations and form an arithmetic triangle (Pascal's triangle). Fibonacci numbers and, accordingly, a golden number are formed from an arithmetic triangle. The logarithmic spiral fits into a golden rectangle. The dynamics of the formation of the logarithmic spiral is traced due to the finite sequences formed as a result of the deployment of the sign combinatorial spaces, the elements of which are presented in polar coordinates.


The letter proposes a new modulation technique to reduce speckle noise in multimode optical fibre analogue transmission systems using semiconductor laser diodes. The feasibility of analogue video transmission systems using the proposed modulation technique has been confirmed.


Title of Thesis: COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS OF VARIOUS PROPELLER DESIGNS FOR eVTOL APPLICATIONS Bernadine Passe Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering, 2019 Thesis Directed by: Professor James Baeder A. James Clark School of Engineering Department of Aerospace Engineering An in-house CFD solver, GPU-Accelerated Rotorcraft Flow-Field (GARFIELD), was coupled to an acoustic code for a computational aeroacoustic framework to analyze low aspect ratio propellers in hover such as those found on typical eVTOL aircraft. Various design parameters including twist, planform, number of blades, RPM, sweep, and disk loading were varied to evaluate their effect on aerodynamic performance as well as the overall average sound pressure level (OASPL) experienced by an observer. A nearby boom geometry was added to investigate the impact of the unsteady airloads on the aeroacoustic performance. Aerodynamic loads were also calculated by a BEMT analysis for comparison to the results predicted by CFD in GARFIELD. The main drivers to reduce the OASPL were found to be RPM and blade count. It was found that the boom geometry and all other design parameters for the propellers did not have a significant impact on the aeroacoustic performance. COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS OF VARIOUS PROPELLER DESIGNS FOR EVTOL APPLICATIONS


This study examined a collaborative inquiry process, facilitated by university faculty in an elementary school, intended to develop a research community, foster knowledge mobilization, and enhance student engagement. The Collaborative Inquiry Team in Education (CITE) initiative consisted of five school-based sessions that included videos, discussions, and the completion of a research action plan. Data collection and analysis involved sessions' transcripts, feedback from participants, documents such as brainstorming charts, and student artifacts. Findings indicate that the collaborative inquiry process with enablers of time, flexibility, and support from university faculty increased educators' research acumen and student engagement in classrooms. The CITE initiative is an effective example of applied education research and knowledge mobilization with the inclusion of faculty and technological support, innovative resources, and the co-construction of new understandings.


OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To measure the seric levels of zinc and copper in healthy and in hepatic damaged rats when an inflammatory stimulus is applied.

RESEARCH DESIGN
2 x 2 factorial design.

SUBJECTS
Fisher *44 strain rats, healthy and with chronic hepatic damage.

MEASUREMENTS
Serum levels of Zn and Cu were determined in the different experimental conditions.

RESULTS
Basal Zn levels were found diminished in rats with hepatic damage as compared with healthy ones (p < 0.05), whereas Cu levels were found increased in hepatic damaged rats as compared with healthy ones (p < 0.05). Application of an inflammatory stimulus decreased Zn and increased Cu levels in healthy rats as compared to their basal conditions (p < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant variations were found in the group of rats with hepatic damage when comparing their serum levels before and after inflammatory stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS
Rats with liver damage present alterations in their Zn and Cu levels under basal conditions. Rats with liver damage, submitted to an inflammatory stimulus, do not modify their serum Zn and Cu levels.


AN INTENSE DEBATE is going on among a section of the activists in the anti-war movement. A notable feature of this debate is that it is confined to those activists who regard them selves as revolutionaries. The vast number of followers and sup porters of the anti-war movement remain untouched by it. The debate centres around the aims and main slogans of the M orator ium movement. But in fact underlying it are differing concepts about the nature of the anti-war movement and about the move ment for social change.


Employment of idioms is essential to reach higher English expressive levels, especially for English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. However, English idioms are challenging for both instructors and learners because the complex content of idioms depends on understanding their cultural context. Most mobile language applications are for vocabulary acquisition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an animation/video-based application, "My English Idiom Learning Assistant" (MEILA), to explore the different idiom learning behaviors, as well as the relationships of their learning behaviors to MEILA. To explore the relationship between the learning outcomes and the learning behaviors, the researcher used logs from the MEILA database. The participants consisted of 59 freshmen from two English conversation classes in one private university in central Taiwan. Students experienced the learning activities over 3 weeks. The researcher adopted idiomatic understanding pre- and posttests for the study as well as in-depth interviews. The results revealed that MEILA significantly enhanced idiomatic learning outcomes. The sequential analysis used provides language instructors an example of monitoring learning behaviors to improve teaching materials and methods. The findings may stimulate more mobile-assist language learning (MALL) researchers, English instructors, and app designers to create innovative mobile environments for English idiomatic learning.


There is now considerable quantitative data revealing the uneven take-up and implementation of direct payments policy for disabled people across the UK. Rates of take-up vary considerably between different countries and regions and between different localities. Our purpose here is to explain the key generative mechanisms underlying these differences. This working paper presents preliminary findings from 102 telephone interviews, with key informants in purchasing authorities, conducted as part of the ESRCfunded project 'Disabled People and Direct Payments: a UK comparative study'. These included representatives of 43 English Authorities, 17 Welsh Authorities, 30 Scottish Authorities and 12 Health and Social Service Trusts in Northern Ireland. The telephone interviews were semi-structured in format, and involved lead officers on direct payments (e.g. senior managers with responsibility for direct payments as part of their wider job role), or designated officers working with direct payments (e.g. direct payment coordinators or project workers). In almost all cases, interviews were tape recorded and transcribed for subsequent analysis. In this preliminary working paper, we summarise the key findings from each section of the interview schedule.


Heat transport perpendicular to the plane of magnetic multilayers is monitored with ac temperature gradients in the presence of a direct charge current. A very strong dependence on the applied magnetic field of the voltage response to the ac gradient is observed using Co∕Cu multilayered nanowires. The effect is interpreted as a Peltier effect for a one-dimensional heat flux.


To provide one motivation for the development of ARCH models (next handout), we briefly discuss here some difficulties associated with the Black Scholes formula, which is widely used to calculate the price of an option. For example, consider a European call option for a stock. This is the right to buy a specific number of shares of a specific stock on a specific date in the future, at a specific price (the exercise price, also called the strike price). If all these quantities are fixed, the question becomes: what is a fair price to charge for the option?


Microalgae are well known for their ability to grow photoautotrophically, however higher biomass yields have been reported when microalgae was grown heterotrophically. The feasibility of large scale cultures of microalgae in heterotrophic conditions is still limited by, among other things, the high cost of nutrients and organic substrates used in this type of cultivation. This work aims to explore the utilization of different low cost carbon sources for the cultivation of two different strains of microalgae. Cassava wastewater, sugarcane molasses, glycerol, xylose, sucrose and sodium acetate were tested as carbon sources for Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus bijugus cultures. Glucose and fructose were also tested as reference carbon sources. The methodology of miniaturized growth allowed the screening of different substrates and conditions of the medium much faster than other methodologies (shaking flasks, bioreactor). The results demonstrate the feasibility of the miniaturized culture methodology in the development and evaluation of heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae. The main observed problems were settling of cells, evaporation of the medium during the experiment and interference in spectrophotometric reading (caused by water condensation on the lid), which had to be solved to adapt the methodology of miniature culture to heterotrophic microalgae cultivation. The evaluated microalgae strains presented different growth behaviours in the different carbon sources tested. Cassava wastewater and sugarcane molasses hydrolyzed allowed higher biomass production and proved to be a suitable low cost substrate for increasing algae-based processes feasibility.


This paper studies criteria of the mid-point locally uniform rotundity of Orlicz-Sobolev space for both Luxemburg norm and Orlicz norm by combining the skill of Orlicz spaces with that of Sobolev spaces.


The recent information technology development gives us a new alternative for an adaptive sound system to be used in the mosque particularly in the activation of a public announcement system. This is a new alternative from a manual management of the system to a computerised system that is more afficient and systematic and allows the activation of the public announcement system according to the programmed prayer times. With the assistance of a motion sensor, the application becomes more advanced in correlation to the technology advances in the globalisation world. The methodology applied in developing this application is the Rational unified Process(RUP) whilst the system development and design was done through the Unified Modelling Language (UML). The importance of the system lies in its audio control during prayer times; prayer call (azan) and particulary during the Friday prayer sermon


The capsanthin and capsaicin extracting process includes the following steps: soaking red chili grain in the mixed solvent of ethanol and n-hexane and filtering to obtain filtrate; stilling the filtrate for delaminating phase A of mixture liquid of n-hexane and capsanthin and phase B of mixture liquid of ethanol and capsaicin; heating the phase A to evaporate n-hexane, purifying left capsanthin with ethanol and introducing CO2, N2 or inert gas except radon gas to obtain purified capsanthin; heating the phase B to evaporate ethanol, mixing the left concentrated capsaicin with acetone solution, heating to separate out acetone and obtain purified capsaicin. The present invention has high purity of prepared capsanthin and capsaicin, wide product applying range, low production cost, great output and convenient operation.


Diarrhea accounts for about 1.5 million deaths annually, making up about 15 to18% of global under-5 mortality.1 In the Eastern Mediterranean region, diarrhea accounts for 17% of under-5 deaths.2 According to the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007, diarrhea accounts for 10.9% of deaths under the age o f 5.3 Concurrent factors such as malnutrition and poor access to rehydration are responsible for the majority of these deaths. Malnutrition is concurrently present in 54% of all diarrhea-related deaths 4 (see Fig. 1).


ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND FINDINGS 2 1.3 ECOS FELLOWSHIP 7 1.4 SYNTHESIS AND SIGNIFICANCE 8 CHAPTER 2 Can Common Species Provide Valuable Information for Conservation? 14 2.1 ABSTRACT 14 2.2 INTRODUCTION 15 2.3 MATERIALS AND M ETHODS 19 2.4 RESULTS 24 2.5 DISCUSSION 30 CHAPTER 3 Ecological and Life History Characteristics Predict Population Genetic Divergence of Two Salmonids in the Same Landscape 50 3.1 ABSTRACT 50 3.2 INTRODUCTION 51 3.3 MATERIALS AND M ETHODS 54 3.4 RESULTS 58 3.5 DISCUSSION 62 CHAPTER 4 Morphological, Dietary, and Genetic Analysis of a Potential Trophic Polymorphism in a Riverine Fish Species 79 4.1 ABSTRACT 79 4.2 INTRODUCTION 80 4.3 MATERIALS AND M ETHODS 83 4.4 RESULTS 92 4.5 DISCUSSION 96


To implement the basic spirit about developing non-governmental education in "National Medium and Long-term Educational Reform and Development Program Planning (2010-2020)" (brief as "Program Planning" as follows),for the purpose of realizing sustainable development of non-governmental high education,we hope that governments at all levels raise their awareness of private universities,public product attribute and governments' public interest attribute; central government and local governments make concerted efforts to run education; central government can solve policy problems actively for local governments; governments at all levels can fully understand the connotation of "education fairness" and have concrete indexes to evaluate "the joint development pattern" for both governmental and non-governmental universities; modification contents and processes of educational laws and rules should have a scientific arrangement so that non-governmental universities can be governed by law; scientific and efficient macro management system can be constructed so that autonomy of private higher education can be fully implemented; welfare of both teachers and students in non-governmental universities can be improved distinctly.


Use of highly dye doped nano composite for organic pollutant degradation.,One-pot synthesis of titanium nano-particles were carried out in the presence of N719 dye.,High dye doping and exceptional dye degradation efficiency was observed. Within 25 min, 99 per cent of methylene blue was removed from waste water.,A novel one-pot synthesis of the composite was introduced.


This third edition brings to you a maritime
theme. You may see various point of views
on maritime culture around Indonesia
from our contributors who have different
backgrounds.


A generalized Chebyshev interpolation procedure increasing a fixed number of sample points at a time is developed and analvzed. It is incorporated into an efficient automatic quadrature scheme of Clenshaw-Curtis tvpe. Numerical examples indicate that the present method is efficient not onlv for well-behaved functions but for those w^ith discontinuous low order derivatives by virtue of adequate error estimation as wvell as saving of sample points.


Carbonation is one of the main factors that lead to the destruction of concrete constructions.This paper aims to investigate the influence of carbonation on the performance of concrete,such as strength,water absorption and impermeability.Results indicate that carbonation can improve the compressive strength,but decrease the flexural strength of concrete.Moreover,due to carbonation,water absorption and permeability of concrete were decreased.


OBJECTIVE To develop a method for determining the entrapment efficiency of tetramethylpyrazine polylactic aci nanoparticles.METHODS The determining was performed by HPLC with Hypersil ODS2(250mm×4.6mm,5μm) conlumn at 30℃.The mobile phase was methanol-water(52:48),the flow rate 1.0 ml/min and the UV detection wavelength 279 nm.Ultracentrifugation method with low temperature was used to determine the entrapment efficiency of tetramethylpyrazine polylactic aci nanoparticles.CONCLUSION The designed method can be used for determining the entrapment efficiency of tetramethylpyrazine polylactic aci nanoparticles.


The globalised agri-industrial food system has become the dominant force shaping the context in which farming operates. The system has a number of harmful environmental side-effects, which have caused concern both among food producers and consumers, and there is evidence that some producers and consumers would like an alternative to the system. Direct selling by producers offers an alternative in which producers and consumers can form a symbiotic relationship depending on their individual desires. This may include a desire for a more environmentally friendly form of farming. This paper explores the potential for direct selling to offer a substantial alternative to the agri-industrial food system and the degree to which direct selling may or may not be more environmentally friendly than the agri-industrial model. The first part of the paper engages with the existing literature to provide four key questions. These four questions are then partially answered by evidence from a case-study of direct selling in France in the second part of the paper. The paper concludes with a discussion about how contemporary developments, notably, e-commerce may lead to radical changes in how farming environments are managed in the next decade.


The discrete frequency noise radiated from representative tyes of axial‐flow fans used in electronic equipment is studied in detail. Narow‐band analysis of the discrete frequency noise radiated by these types of fans has been conducted in an anechoic environment. The farfield sound pressure level and radiated directivity of the discrete frequency noise are presented. The influence of operating condition on the radiated sound is determined. The discrete frequency noise dominates the characteristic acoustic spectra at high flow coefficients. The radiated directivity of the discrete frequency noise is generally uniform. Based on the data collected and on the theoretical aspects presented, the principal source of the discrete frequency noise is identified for each of the fans as the interaction of the fan rotor with a circumferentially distorted, nonuniform flow. A collection of prototype design modifications is developed for each representative fan to reduce the radiated discrete frequency noise by improving...


Sr 3 UO 6 , M r =596.89, monoclinic, P2 1 /n. At room temperature, a=6.0126 (2), b=6.2138 (2), c=8.6139 (3) A, β=90.239 (2) o , V=321.82 (3) A 3 , Z=2, D x =6.160 (1) Mg m -3 , μR=0.12, λ=2.57155 (3) A, R wp =3.19%. The structure has been refined by Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data for 147 reflections. The structure is of a monoclinic GdFeO 3 -type perovskite. The octahedra are in complete order


Content management system (CMS) is something that is no longer new for all web developers (developers) because currently the platforms used by developers are almost entirely using the concept of a content management system. In this community service activity, coaching has been carried out for business actors in the Barlang Jaya Trellis trellis welding workshop or workshop to have the ability to create a media product and service that you want to market, promote and sell to potential consumers through Content management system software, namely wordpress. During the training phases, instructor deliver basics knowledge in managing websites content and processes to build it, the training includes manage the web admin section, control panel settings also distributed through training to the owners which the results expect the continuity of the development in the future. The marketing, promotion and sales media that are built based on this website are expected to be affected and boost the business possible to increase competitiveness and increase income and increase business processes efficiency in promotion or marketize the products or services and eventually increasing sales significantly.


Abstract : A design for the disruptive pattern printing of canvas used for canopies on army vehicles was developed by DSTO MRL Melbourne. The effect of exposure to a variety of climatic conditions on print durability and fabric properties was determined. Print Durability, Climatic Testing Colour Fastness, Fabric Properties, Tensile Strength Tearing Force.


Initial researches of the existence of a cathode spot on the working surface were conducted in vacuum arc plasma sources of the coaxial design. The moving of the cathode spots on the limited sizes working surface does not give full picture of the development of the arc discharge. This article describes the vacuum arc plasma source of extended design generating the directed belt plasma stream and operating in pulse mode. The researches carried out give additional information about development of the cathode spots of the vacuum arc discharge. It is found that the speed of the cathode spots' motion depends on the cathode temperature.


As numerous varsity campuses remain closed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, educators must look for suitable digital tools to conduct lessons and engage learners online. In this report, we discuss how to structure the online lessons using the Community of Inquiry framework (CoI). The CoI was applied to the university elective course "Learning to Choose Better", taught by chemistry faculty. By using the appropriate digital tools in our course, we found success in achieving engagement, active learning, and team teaching. Until the world finds a resolution to the pandemic, online teaching will continue to be the new normal. Educators could view this time as a prime opportunity to experiment, innovate, and break new grounds in the realm of remote online teaching.


This paper presents the results from the comparison analysis and evaluation between the air pellutant dispersion modeling results and the observation data in the area within a 10 km radius from the Boryong thermal power plants. The observation data used in this study were the air pollutant concentrations which had been continuously measured from 8 locations around the Boryong power plants by TMS(tele-monitoring system) for 3 months from September to November, 1996. The short-term and long-term predictions were carried out using ISC3 mode and LPDM(Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model). The results of ISC3 modeling in a short-term showed highly as 0.7 in a correlation coefficient, but in a long-term showed just 0.54. On the other hand, LPDM showed 0.78 in a correlation coefficient for a long-term. but in a short-term showed highly value than the observation concentrations.


A review of research on Organization Development describes emphases in the OD field. A logical classification system for independent and dependent variables frequently employed in OD interventions is pro- posed for the continued theoretical and practical development of OD. Problems of methodology and research design are summarized and methods for improving effectiveness of OD research are suggested.


Ring shake poses one of the biggest problems for the management of chestnut coppices. New studies show that, within the framework of high-quality silviculture, it is possible to lessen the risk of ring shake. In this contribution we summarise important results from investigations carried out by the Sottostazione Sud delle Alpi of the WSL. In addition, possible measures resulting from the investigations are described to prevent and contain the risk of ring shake.


Screw for a single screw extruder having an elongated screw core, a helically extending around the screw core main web (10) and with Uberstromstegen (20) in the radial direction of the screw core having a lower height than the main web (10), characterized in that several Uberstromstege each other situated parallel and partially overlapping (20) are provided in the melting zone of the screw to a passage cross-section, each connecting an edge of the main web (10) with another edge of the same main bar (10).


This study identifies those retailing strategies which have been successful in generating high profit performance in the UK. Findings are based upon information on the financial structure and marketing strategies of 88 major UK retailers. The first section identifies the key environmental developments of the later 1970s and appraises their impact on retailers. Second, the methods by which retailers have sought to adapt to these changes are outlined. Finally, a model is developed which distinguishes successful from unsuccessful retailing strategies and provides a methodology for evaluating alternative approaches to market positioning.


In this paper, the flow splitting of fluids with complex rheological properties in complex geometries is examined. This work is motivated by the desire to achieve good control of flow-splitting processes independent of the geometries of the manifold. As an example of this class of flows, the flow of a complex fluid from a main pipe to two branch pipes is considered. Using the diameter and length of one branch as parameters, the flow splitting of Newtonian and power-law fluids was studied. This study was conducted under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions; the latter were achieved by imposing a temperature difference between the wall and the inlet. Hence, the splitting of power-law fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity was also studied and compared with the isothermal cases. Our analytical and numerical results indicate that the unevenness in the split is accentuated as the geometrical asymmetry and degree of shear thinning increase. In the non-isothermal cases, symmetric splitting is approached as the ratio of inlet to wall viscosity increases. However, as this ratio is reduced below unity, asymmetric splitting is promoted.


This experiment consisted of a factorial combination of seven perennial ryegrass cultivars, two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (30 and 60 kg ha−1), and three harvesting stages (60, 75 and 90 days after planting; DAP) and arranged in a split-plot randomized complete block design. Harvested herbage was chemically analysed and fermented with bovine rumen fluid using the Reading Pressure Technique and the ANKOM Daisy incubator. All the three factors significantly (P<0.05) influenced DM yield. Differences between cultivars were observed in CP and fibre contents as well as in the rate of in vitro ruminal gas production from the b fraction (c), which ranged from 6.2%/h (Bronsyn) to 5.5%/h (Fitzroy). Ryegrass pastures harvested at 60 DAP had the highest (P < 0.05) iDMD (913.5 g/kg DM) and ME (14.0 MJ/kg DM) while those harvested at 90 DAP had the least iDMD (846.7 g/kg DM) and ME (12.9 MJ/kg DM). All cultivars had adequate Ca, Mg, P, Cu and Zn levels to meet the normal animal requirements, however, K, Fe and Mn were found to be in excess. Higher biomass yield is always desirable in low-input production systems where fluctuation in quantity of feed resources is a major limiting factor. Therefore, it was concluded that the high yielding cultivars, Fitzroy (2.8 tons/ha), Samson (2.8 tons/ha), Bealey (2.7 tons/ha) or Bronsyn (2.6 tons/ha) may be preferred for cultivation. A farmer can also choose to harvest at 90 DAP in order to maximize biomass yield at the cost of digestibility.


DE, KZ, HN University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation -, Center for Systemic Neuroscience Hannover, Centre for Food Science, Department of Food Toxicology and Chemical Analysis Food Toxicology -, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany KH University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation -, Center for Systemic Neuroscience Hannover, Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Bünteweg 17, D-30173 Hannover, Germany AL Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, Thielallee 88 – 92, D-14195 Berlin, Germany DMD Fast Forward. Published on January 25, 2006 as doi:10.1124/dmd.105.008078


The work in this thesis demonstrates that the toxin composition of harmful cyanobacteria is sensitive to changes in inorganic carbon and nitrogen availability. In addition, the competitive dominance of toxic versus nontoxic strains can shift with changes in CO2 availability. Rising CO2 concentrations and associated global warming are likely to alter the carbon and nitrogen availability in many aquatic ecosystems, and may thereby affect the elemental stoichiometry and species composition of phytoplankton communities as well as the nature of the toxins that they produce.


Introduction The role of structured nonoperative treatment for the management of DCM is not well defined, and surgery is typically recommended as the default treatment option for patients with moderate and severe myelopathy. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine (1) the change in function, pain and quality of life following structured nonoperative treatment for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM); (2) the variability of change in function, pain and quality of life following different types of structured nonoperative treatment; (3) the differences in outcomes observed between certain subgroups (i.e baseline severity score, duration of symptoms); and (4) negative outcomes and harms resulting from structured nonoperative treatment. Material and Methods A systematic search was conducted in Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Collaboration for articles published between January 1, 1950 and February 9, 2015. Studies were included if they evaluated outcomes following structured nonoperative treatment, including therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, cervical bracing and/or traction. Outcomes of interest were functional status (Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Nurick), pain in upper extremities and neck, quality of life (Neck Disability Index), and/or conversion to surgery. The quality of each study was evaluated using the Newcaste-Ottawa Scale and the strength of the overall body of evidence was rated using guidelines outlined by the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group. Results Of the 570 retrieved citations, eight met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. There is very low evidence to suggest that structured nonoperative treatment for DCM results in a positive or negative change in function, pain and quality of life as evaluated by the JOA score. There is also limited evidence from three studies indicating that early structured nonoperative treatment (duration of symptoms < 1 year) may be associated with positive clinical outcomes. There were no studies that directly compared structured nonoperative treatment types and no studies that explored outcomes based on patient subgroups. The rate of conversion to surgery was reported to be between 23-54% in mostly cases of mild or moderate myelopathy (JOA≥12). Conclusion There is a lack of evidence to determine the role of nonoperative treatment in patients with DCM. However, in the majority of studies, patients did not achieve clinically significant gains in functional status following structured nonoperative treatment. Furthermore, rates of failed conservative treatment were between 23-54%.


Recently, many researchers have made efforts for accurate calibration of a Time-of-Flight camera to fully utilize its provided depth values. Yet most previous works focus mainly on intrinsic calibration by modeling its systematic errors and noises while extrinsic calibration is also an important factor when constructing sensor fusion system. In this paper, we present a calibration process that can correctly transfer the depth measurements onto the color image. We use 2.5D pattern so that sufficient reprojection error can be considered for both color and ToF cameras. The issues on obtaining the correct correspondences for this pattern are discussed. In the optimization stage, the depth constraint is also employed to ensure the depth measurements to lie on the pattern plane. The strengths of the proposed method over previous approaches are evaluated in several robotic applications which require precise ToF and camera calibration.


music, literature, culture, and intellectual life. These are closely related to the other themes of politics, social change, industrialization, and revolution. They certainly enhance the text. Inevitably, however, in such a short text there is an occasional tendency toward a mere catalog of notables with a nod to their major achievements. There are eleven illustrations, ranging from reproductions of well-known paintings to newspaper drawings. These are too small, especially in the case of paintings, to convey much about the original works. Caspar David Friedrich's Wanderer above a Foggy Moor is reduced to a black and white snapshot measuring 2.2 by 2.6 inches. The four maps, all photographs of maps printed elsewhere, will only be meaningful to those who already understand something of German political geography for the period. Occasional misleading details creep in. Can a total German population of somewhere around 22-24 million or 33 million in "German Europe" in 1815 have "a few hundred thousand" lesser nobility? (p. 108) or could an urban patriciate who made up between 1 and 6 percent of the urban population also have had a few hundred thousand members (p. 111)? These drawbacks are redeemed by a balanced presentation of the arguments for and against positions on all sides, whether debates about imperial liberties in the old Reich, the desirability of industrialization, or the political differences of the 1860s. There is a sensitive treatment of social and gender history without falling into schematic stereotypes. Apt and lively quotations from contemporaries and present-day historians inform the story throughout. The reader will have a clear sense of historical progression and major connections, while leading personalities in all fields are recognizable characters. In all, a fine achievement.


SUMMARY The wave field of cross-well seismic is very complex, it can record both P wave and shear wave (For short S) in three components, while P and S wave are coupling in 3C data. The conventional wave field separation methods such as median filter and F-K filter often have these problems: artificial effects, waveform mixing, amplitude distortion etc., and cannot extract the S wave completely. In this paper we present a new effective method that joints high resolution Radon transform and polarization filter to extract S wave from 3C cross-well seismic data, we extended high resolution Radon transform operator and based on the polarization difference of P and S wave in frequency domain (the product of upgoing P wave of component Z and component R is positive in frequency Radon domain, while the product of S wave is negative), S wave can be extracted easily. After that we apply high resolution anisotropic tomography to direct S wave and two steps migration to reflected S wave. Compared with P wave migration profile, S wave migration profile has higher resolution and more clear description of thin-inter-bedded and overlap sands.


In a study of ZnCl"-based binary chloride melts which may serve as,; analogues of the well-known and technologically important glass-forming binary systems based on SiO. and BeF~ as first component, a detailed phase-equilibrium, electrical conductance and density study of the system zinc chloride + pyridinium chloride has been carried out. In contrast to the better-known ZnCl+ alkali halide systems, this present system reproduces in great detail the phase relations and physico-chemical behavior of the classic Na_0 + Si0_ system, though at temperatures reduced by a factor of about 1/3. Electrical conductance data have been analyzed in terms of the three parameter equation K = AT ̂ exp B/(T-T ), and the "ideal" glass transition temperature T found to closely parallel the experimentally measured glass transition temperature T . T and T show complex composition dependences. A minimum at 33.3 mol% ZnClis interpreted in terms of formation of the orthochlorozincate ion ZnCl, , an approximately .linear increase from 33.3 to 66 mol% is probably due to the formation of polymeric chains' based on linked ZnCl, tetrahedra, and a plateau region at zinc chloride-rich compositions (65 90 mol%) is associated with the tendency to, or occurrence of, sub-liquidus liquid-liquid phase separation. The classical concept of "network-breaking" satisfactorily explains dramatic DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS ONLIMiria)


In a recent contribution to this journal, Anagnostaras et al. (2001) reviewed data regarding the involvement of the hippocampus in classical fear conditioning. The authors focused essentially on the role of the dorsal hippocampus and concluded that, in accordance with prevalent views that hippocampus-dependent memory involves the encoding of complex relationships among stimuli, the data support a specific mnemonic role for the dorsal hippocampus in contextual fear conditioning: the acquisition and consolidation of contextual representations. In this letter, we would like to point out that experimental data, including recent findings of our own, indicate that the role of the hippocampus in fear conditioning may extend beyond the specific involvement of the dorsal hippocampus in contextual fear conditioning and not simply accord with prevalent theories of hippocampus-dependent memory.


PURPOSE: A device and a method for recognizing lanes and detecting vehicles in real time are provided to utilize an algorithm for recognizing the lanes, thereby respectively determining the regions of interest with frontal curvatures using videos and GPS information, finding the lanes inside the regions of interest, and detecting lane departures using predetermined threshold values. CONSTITUTION: A device and a method for recognizing lanes and detecting vehicles in real time includes a video preprocessing part(100), a curvature predicting part(200), a region-of-interest determining part(300), a lane recognizing part(400), a substitutable region determining part(500), and a vehicle detecting part(600). The video preprocessing part preprocesses videos from the camera of a smart phone using LBS(Location Based Service)-based weather information. The curvature predicting part computes the curvature values of the front road using the preprocessed videos by the video preprocessing part and GPS(Global Positioning System) data from the GPS receiver of the smart phone. The region-of-interest determining part determines plural regions of interest, in which the lanes exist, using the GPS data and the curvature values. The lane recognizing part finds points comprising the lane at the lower end of the region of interest, and then respectively connects the points with plural straight lines in order to detect the lane. The substitutable region determining part determines a substitutable region, in which the vehicles exist, using accumulated edges on the rears of the vehicles from the preprocessed videos. The vehicle detecting part detects the vehicles by judging the symmetric features of objects detected in the substitutable region. [Reference numerals] (100) Video preprocessing part; (200) Curvature predicting part; (300) Region-of-interest determining part; (400) Lane recognizing part; (500) Warning part; (600) Substitutable region determining part; (700) Vehicle detecting part


Abstract In the course of investigations in the Hyrcanian region of northern Iran, especially of epiphyte vegetation in the Elburz Mountains south of the city of Nowshahr (36°39′N, 51°30′E), 18 moss species that have not been reported from the country earlier were found. Several of the new finds represent major range extensions, or fill gaps in the known distributions of the species, for example, Lescuraea saviana (DeNot.) E.Lawton, Rhynchostegium rotundifolium (Brid.) Schimp., and Schwetschkeopsis fabronia (Schwägr.) Broth. In addition, the presence of both Plagiothecium nemorale (Mitt.) A.Jaeger and P. succulentum (Wilson) Lindb. is confirmed for Iran.


We investigate pair production of selectrons in electron-electron-scattering with subsequent decay into an electron and the LSP including ISR and beamstrahlung. This process can be used at a linear collider to measure the selectron masses and the gaugino mass parameter M_1 very precisely.


In view of the large damage suffered in recent earthquakes and hurricanes, building design criteria are developed to protect life and reduce damage and loss to an acceptable level. The problem is minimizing the expected total life-cycle cost with respect to the design load and resistance. Load uncertainty includes occurrence time, intensity, and duration. The costs of construction, maintenance, and failure consequences, including deaths and injuries, as well as discounting cost over time, are considered. Optimal values are obtained of design variables and target reliability under single and multiple time-varying loads. Also investigated is sensitivity of the optimal design to important loading and structural parameters. The optimal design is found to depend primarily on the limit state consequences (costs), and to a lesser degree on the structural life. For multiple hazards, the optimal design is controlled by the hazard with large uncertainty and severe failure consequences. In a companion paper applicat...


This research aims to show the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on fillings patent protection through patent rights. This research is normative legal research using a comparative legal approach in the Japanese AI protection system. The results indicate that the regulation of AI protection in intellectual property rights in Indonesia has not been accommodated in the Indonesian national legal system. However, the closest method for its protection can be performed through copyright, but it still has shortcomings, where AI in copyright protection is only considered the same as that of ordinary computer software in general, which should have significant differences. AI protection space in Japan can be accommodated through patents, provided that the AI in question contains elements or categories that can be protected through Japanese patents. AI protection as a patent right, in fact, has a very complicated and varied impact in Indonesia and Japan.


In this paper, we consider a multi-service wireless ATM network carrying different types of traffic. The optimal resource allocation scheme is designed to obtain an efficient and fair allocation among different traffic classes. The Markov decision process analysis is most often used in performance evaluation. Although exact analyses by assuming certain traffic models are available in some cases, the computational efforts required are prohibitive even for a small size network. In consideration of numerical tractability, we derive an approximation recursive algorithm which enables us to deal with large size network systems. The ideas behind the approximation include the separation assumption and multi-dimensional state space mapping into one-dimensional space. This greatly reduces the complexity of analysis while yields reasonable approximated results. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the accuracy of approximation.


The critical consideration in approaching aortic arch surgery is how best to protect the brain while providing surgical access to the cerebral vessels. Between 1999 and 2016, 285 patients underwent aortic arch replacement using the trifurcated graft technique, with 7.4% mortality (hospital/30 day). Neurologic outcomes included 5.1% temporary neurologic deficits, 3.9% permanent neurologic deficits and no spinal cord injury. The trifurcated graft technique addresses the two most important aspects of cerebral protection: minimizing cerebral ischemia and preventing cerebral embolization of air and atheromatous debris. In practice, the technique has proven to be technically straightforward and versatile, in that it is readily adapted to a variety of arch anomalies and pathologies.


The antitumor activities of twelve 2-N-and/or 5-substituted 2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole analogs were tested on Lewis lung carcinoma in mice by intraperitoneal administration. 2-Amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole (ATDA), 2-formamido-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole and 2-trifluoroacetamido-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole significantly prolonged the life span of tumor bearing mice. 5-Substituted analogs and 2-urethane and 2-carbamate type compounds were inactive. 2-Formamido-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole showed more potent activity than the parent compound ATDA against P388, L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma. The differences in the antitumor activity among ATDA analogs are discussed.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Almost 8 million Americans live with disability caused by stroke. However, recent advances in stroke rehabilitation are costly and lack resemblance to activities of daily living. The goal of this study was to develop a rehabilitation platform to increase stroke patients paretic limb use using inexpensive virtual reality and exoskeleton devices. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a feasibility study with 2 hemiplegic stroke participants. They reached for targets in a virtual reality environment using both hands. They completed 162 reaches divided into 3 blocks. Following baseline, we used an exoskeleton to provide 50% arm weight compensation to the paretic limb and used wrist weights to provide 50% arm weight resistance to the non-paretic limb. We removed the exoskeleton and wrist weights during the retention block. We used electromyography to approximate muscle activity in the biceps brachii. Relative contribution (RC) was calculated as the displacement of the paretic arm divided by the sum of displacements for both arms. Muscle contribution (MC) was calculated as the root mean square of paretic arm muscle activity divided by the sum of activity for both arms. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: During baseline, RC of the impaired limb was 44% and 48%, and MC of the impaired bicep was 43% and 35% in two mild to moderately impaired patients (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity scores of 43 and 37, respectively). During loading, RC increased by 5.6% and 1.1% and MC decreased by 8.3% and 11.8%. These data suggest hemiplegic stroke participants alter limb coordination when our device normalizes muscular output asymmetries between limbs. Importantly, these results closely match data from our previous work in 12 healthy controls, where we found a 2% increase in RC is significantly predicted by a 11% decrease in MC. By collecting more data on stroke patients, we will quantify this tradeoff between coordination and muscle activity modulation, allowing us to optimize the exoskeleton mechanics to maximize paretic limb use. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate our platform is well tolerated by mild to moderately impaired stroke patients; this feasibility study forms the basis for low cost at-home technologies for stroke rehabilitation. With further development, clinicians can use our platform to fine-tune the level of limb constraint based on the individual needs of the patient.


The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic monitoring pediatric surgical operation nursing station, belong to technical field of medical instruments.The present invention is ultrasonic monitoring pediatric surgical operation nursing station, including bottom support platform, the fixing device of supporting leg it is provided with on the downside of bottom support platform, it is provided with rotation supporting leg on the downside of the fixing device of supporting leg, rotate and be provided with pulley fixing device on the downside of supporting leg, brake unit it is provided with on the left of pulley fixing device, mobile pulley it is provided with on the downside of pulley fixing device, power line delivery outlet it is provided with on the left of bottom support platform, it is provided with power lead on the left of power line delivery outlet, on the downside of power lead, is provided with attaching plug.Present configuration is simple, easy and simple to handle, it is possible to when carrying out surgical operation, child to be carried out total care, decreases the misery of patient, improves rehabilitation efficacy, alleviates the work load of medical worker.


Optical lens attachments (1630, 1640) and cameras are disclosed. The attachment (1630, 1640) comprises a coupling mechanism (1632, 1662) for mating engagement with at least one of a camera and an optical lens. A barrel (1638, 1668) is coupled at one end to the coupling mechanism (1632, 1662). A negative lens unit (1640, 1670) is coupled to the other end of elongated barrel (1638, 1668). A diopter lens (1634, 1664) is disposed between the barrel (1638, 1668) and the coupling mechanism (1632, 1662). The coupling mechanism (1632, 1662), the diopter lens (1634, 1664), and the barrel (1638, 1668) are aligned with an optical axis. Also disclosed is a double swivel optical system, comprising a negative lens unit, a mirror oriented at an angle to the optical axis of the negative lens unit, a roof prism for rotating incident light rays by 90 degrees and inverting an image, a rotation mechanism permitting rotation of the negative lens unit about a vertical axis, an image rotator comprising a prism that can invert an image, the prism disposed within the image rotator, and another rotation mechanism permitting rotation of the roof prism about an optical axis of the image rotator.


The handshake deal was once common in the oil and gas industry. Buyers and sellers of oil and gas properties worked out the terms of their transactions and were bound by their word. But the handshake deal has all but gone away; and most deals are now consummated in a purchase and sale agreement, replete with a multitude of provisions, caveats, and boilerplate language. And although the warranty section of the purchase and sale agreement is an important part of the transaction, many parties remain unaware of the terms of the warranties provided or disclaimed in their agreements. However, a knowledgeable practitioner can protect himself and his client, whether as a purchaser or a seller. This article discusses common warranties in purchase and sale agreement regarding oil and gas properties ("PSA") and suggests considerations in the negotiations between purchasers and sellers about warranties to provide or disclaim. It is not, nor is it intended to be comprehensive of all issues. It is limited to common warranties and disclaimers that apply to the purchase and sale of onshore oil and gas properties in Texas. It does not discuss warranties and representations in oil and gas leases. The article begins by focusing on the nature and classes of PSA warranties in Section II. It then covers common warranties in PSAs for the sale of oil and gas real properties in Section III. Section IV discusses express and implied warranties in PSAs for the sale of personalty. Section V discusses the difference between warranties and representations. Section VI covers negotiation of PSAs between sellers and purchasers. And Section VII offers the authors' thoughts and conclusions. Finally, Appendix A includes examples of warranty language, while Appendix B provides a list of common representations and warranties included in PSAs.


Patients with advanced breast cancer are at high risk for developing bone metastases and ensuing skeletal complications. Since the mid 1990s, intravenous (IV) pamidronate has been the international standard of care for breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Recently, a large, randomized, phase III trial in this patient population demonstrated that 4mg zoledronic acid, a new-generation bisphosphonate, was safe and significantly reduced the overall risk of skeletal complications compared with pamidronate. Zoledronic acid has also been shown to provide consistent, durable pain reduction in these patients compared with placebo. Based on these results, zoledronic acid is rapidly becoming the new international standard for patients with bone metastases from breast cancer.


The aim of the present paper is to clarify the position and function of the official called the "Governor of Akkad (Babylonia)" (LB: lumu-ma-'i-ir/luGAL. UKKIN kurURIki, with variants) in the Seleucid and Arsakid Empires in the period from 305/4 to 61/0 B. C., the end of the period covered in the Astronomical Diaries, the main source of my research.Under Seleucid rule (305/4-141/0 B. C.), at least until the mid-third century B. C., the Governor was probably in charge of the financial administration of Babylonia. Although the commander of the military forces in Babylonia was the "General (of Akkad), " the transportation of munitions was also under the control of the Governor. The "(Royal) Appointees (in Akkad)" (LB: lupaq-dume [s] sa LUGAL/lupaq-dumes sa ina kurURIki) probably had the role of assisting the Governor in his work.Under Arsakid rule (141/0-61/0 B. C.), it is notable that the Governor frequently visited the "King's encampment" (madakti sarri) (probably his residence during progresses to Babylonia), while neither the General (of Akkad) nor the "General who is above the Four Generals" did so. (The latter official was the Governor General of Upper Satrapies under Seleucid rule, but under Arsakid rule the territory controlled by him was probably limited to Babylonia.) At least until the 120's, the loyalty of Greco-Macedonian cities and of generals/vassal kings was in question. Therefore, at least during this time, the King probably tried to build a close relation to the Governor and/or appointed his trusted subordinates to that office in order to keep these elements under control.


Late onset hyperammonemia caused by partial CPS-I deficiency is a rare disorder. We report a 2½ month old girl who was symptom-free till 9 weeks of age. She was hospitalized for vomiting and metabolic acidosis. Plasma aminogram showed increased alanine, with a higher excretion of alanine, proline, serine and threonine. Urinary orotate was normal. Plasma NH3 on the third day was 96 μmol/l. The child died due to complications of an intestinal hemorrhage. Brain pathology was indicative of delayed my-elinization and proliferation of astrocytes. A post-mortem liver sample showed normal ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinate lyase, and arginase. CPS-I measured by a direct colorimetric method (Piersen and Brien, J. Biol Chem 255:7891,1980) showed a partial deficiency (10-25 % of normal controls). Mancini radial immunodiffusion with rabbit antiserum against human CPS-I showed 10 % of normal cross-reacting material. A study of pH dependence using a triethanolamine buffer gave a flat curve over the pH range 7.0-9.0. Two normal controls had a pH optimum of 7.8, with 70 % activity at pH 9.0. Apparent Km HCO4- (5.6 mM) was normal (controls: 6.0-9.5). Km NH4+ (0.73 mM) was abnormally increased (normal range: 0.24-0.51).Kinetic and immunochemical characterization of CPS-I mutants is important to understand variations in the clinical expression of congenital hyperammonemia in children. The above work is a preliminary step in defining the pathology of this rare syndrome.


A wideband printed dual-antenna for mobile terminals is studied. The dual-antenna, consisting of two symmetric antenna elements and three neutralization lines (NLs), is printed on a printed circuit board. The three NLs reduce the mutual coupling within a wide frequency band. The working mechanism of the three NLs is analyzed based on the S-parameters, the surface current distributions, and a simplified equivalent model which provides intuitive instructions to optimize the three NLs. A prototype shows that the measured -10 dB impedance bandwidth is 1.3 GHz (1.62-2.92 GHz) and the measured mutual coupling is lower than -15 dB at the 1.66-2.84 GHz band. It covers the GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, LTE2300, LTE2500, and 2.4-GHz WLAN bands. The radiation patterns are measured and the diversity performances are evaluated.


We study the energy efficiency of superior selective reporting (SSR)-based scheme for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. We first derive the achievable throughput, energy consumption and energy efficiency (EE) of the SSR scheme. Later, we propose the maximization of EE for the SSR scheme as a multiple variable non-convex optimization problem and provide approximations to reduce it to a quasi-convex optimization problem. We highlight that the errors due to these approximations are negligible. Through numerical results, we show that the SSR scheme outperforms the conventional schemes that employ the OR and AND fusion rules, in terms of energy efficiency.


Atomic structure of hetero-interfaces such as semiconductor/oxide is recently much interested from the viewpoints of the device engineering as well as the interface science. Studies of the interface structures have been performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)[1], large-angle convergent beam electron diffraction[2] in the cross-sectional observation mode, and by X-ray diffraction[3], TEM[4] and CBED[5] in the plan-view mode. In the present study we applied a coherent convergent beam electron diffraction (c-CBED) technique to the analysis of the rigid-body shift between vacuum-deposited PbTe and MgO (001) thin crystals in the plan-view mode. The c-CBED technique was originated in nano-diffraction experiments by Cowley[6] and the theoretical analysis by Spence[7]. These results suggested a possibility of direct structure-phase determination from the interference fringes formed at coherent overlaps between the diffraction disks. This technique has been recently revived using TEM on SiC by Vine et al.[8] The present study is the first to be concerned with the analysis of interference fringes in c-CBED patterns from epitaxially grown bi-crystals[9].


This thesis uses data gathered from twenty-six semi-structured interviews with asylum seekers and eighteen area support workers and volunteers in three UK dispersal regions – Glasgow, Yorkshire and Humber, and the North East of England – to explore residents' perceptions of their housing and community experiences under the Home Office's 'COMPASS' project. Through individual accounts with refugee and asylum support service staff, I highlight specific housing conditions ranging from the quality of housing to respondents' perceptions of safety and community inclusion. For those who experienced moves during the transitional period between contracts, I gather observational accounts of the practical, psychological and physical effects of being moved, which include the management of children moving schools or residents being placed further away from shopping facilities, support services and health care practices.

The empirical research is situated within a historical account of British immigration policy dating back to the twelfth century and a theoretical framework of Foucault's biopower and the expansion of Deleuze's 'society of control'. Attempting to distance this research from alternative theories of biopower, such as that of Agamben and Hardt and Negri, which I argue conflate biopolitical and sovereign methods of control, I demonstrate the resistive capacity of asylum seekers through their engagement with support agencies or their individual decisions to disengage their contact with housing provider representatives. Through an analysis of interview responses using purposive coding methods, I assess the extent to which current UK housing practices represent a deliberate policy of 'deterrence' and the degree to which contracts with multinational private security firms reflect a neoliberal strategy of privatisation and market creation concurrent with state aims toward population management and control.


In the midst of trials, we might pray, "Lord, I know it's all part of your plan. Just please help me get through this!"


In most avian species, the male is larger than the female, but birds in the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes, among several others, exhibit reversed sexual size dimorphism (RSD), with the female characteristically larger than the male (Earhart and Johnson 1970, Amadon 1975, Smith 1982, Pleasants and Pleasants 1988). The Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia) is the only North American strigiform that does not exhibit RSD (Earhart and Johnson 1970). Many authors have attempted to explain the evolution of female size and RSD in raptors. Mueller (1986) categorized possible causes of RSD as being related to (1) ecology, (2) sex-role differentiation, and (3) behavior. Using empirical analysis, he argued convincingly against theories related to ecology or sex role differentiation. Many remaining behavioral theories of RSD assumed female dominance, which results from greater size. Data on food habits, intersexual differences in diet, and mechanisms of pair formation from individuals for which masses and morphological dimensions were known could help explain the evolution of RSD (Earhart and Johnson 1970, Mueller 1986, Marti 1990). The possible relationship of body size to mate choice by Burrowing Owls has not been studied previously. Female selection for males based on some phenotypic expression of desirable genotypes has been speculated (O'Donald 1983), but little empirical data exist supporting selection of males with "good genes" by females (Parker 1983). Attributes such as size possess a genetic component, making these traits highly heritable. Although nonrandom mating based on body size is known, no evidence exists to support the view that mate choice is made on the basis of size (Cooke and Davies 1983). Marti (1990) found no evidence that female Common Barn-Owls (Tyto alba) selected smaller males as mates. Our objectives were (1) to determine the degree of RSD exhibited by Burrowing Owls, and (2) to investigate the influence of individual size on mate choice and productivity. We examined the lack of RSD in Burrowing Owls, and illustrated its use in evaluating existing hypotheses of RSD in other raptors. Methods.-The study was conducted at the U.S. Army Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Area (RMA). The RMA is located in Adams County, Col-


SiNx films were prepared by rf reactively sputtering. The refractive index of SiNx films was affected by total pressure and sputtering power. When the total pressure increased, the refractive index decreased. The reduction of sputtering power showed similar effect to raise the total gas pressure. The residual stress and roughness of SiNx films depended on the total pressure, sputtering power, and the thickness. The thermal cycles may result in irreversible change of residual stress of SiNx film. The magnetic properties of TbFeCo depended on the residual stress and roughness of SiNx in the trilayer SiNx/TbFeCo/SiNx samples. The coercivity of TbFeCo was enhanced in the samples with SiNx films having low stress and large roughness.


Poria cocos (Fuling), also named Wolfiporia extensa , a wood-decaying fungus, is widely used as a traditional
Chinese medicinal herb. Linear pachyman from Poria powder can be chemically modified to carboxymethyl
pachyman (CMP) which has higher water solubility. Pachyman and CMP may enhance body immunity, and
have anti-bacterial, anti-hypoglycaemic and anti-tumour properties. Objective. The aim of the study was to prepare and study colon targeted microparticulates of different
molecular weight pachyman and CMP. Methods. Pachyman was extracted from Poria cocos dry powder and was chemically modified to CMP. The
pachyman and CMP were extracted with hot water and alcohol, degraded by hydrogen peroxide under the
ultrasonic wave and then graded through Sephadex G-75. The degradation products with different molecular
weights were cross-linked with azobenzene crosslinker to form azo-polymers for colon-specific drug delivery. Results and Discussion. High yields of pachyman, containing low levels of protein and other impurities were
obtained. The degradation products of pachyman had MW of 43-56000 Da. The degraded CMP had MW of
around 66 000 Da. Because of the high degree of polymerization in Pachyman and CMP, it was not easy to
make the azo cross-linker with colon-specific ability. IR analysis demonstrated that the pachyman degradation
products reacted with the azo cross-linker to form colon-specific drug carriers. Degraded pachyman could
carry test drugs but CMP products could not. Low molecular weight pachyman degradation products, but not
the products from CMP, may be suitable as colon-specific drug carriers.


The integration of optical and wireless technologies, denoted as Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) networks, can provide not only high capacity but also flexible wireless access ability with less infrastructure deployment. Since data traffic generated in FiWi networks usually experiences unstable and unpredictable, it is difficult to perform traffic prediction in advance. An effective and fair Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) scheme plays an important role. This paper proposes an upstream fair hierarchical DBA scheme for EPON-WLAN networks. Excess bandwidth proportion factor is introduced to address the unfair issue due to the unmatched problem between the allocated bandwidth resource and the assigned user weight among multiple granting cycles. On the other hand, in order to deal with the QoS guarantee and bandwidth waste issue in bandwidth allocation, we jointly taken into account of different traffic QoS priorities, bandwidth requirement proportion, and actual traffic load. Extensive simulation results show that compared with the existing DBA schemes, the proposed hierarchical DBA scheme can improve proportional fairness, throughput and channel utilization. Moreover, the proposed FiWi DBA scheme does not refer to a specific bandwidth resource types, thus obtains good generality.