In recent years, as rapid growth and innovation occur in the technological sector of the economy, most business organizations have realized the need for greening their information technology for reasons both of social responsibility and reduction of the costs of operation. Also, government agencies have contributed to Greening Information Technology (GIT) by initiating programs and regulations that enforce it. The idea behind the GIT is to focus on ways of reducing the technological footprint on the environment. This is done by promoting new approaches in reducing pollution on the environment through effective disposal and recycling of defunct information technology (IT) products and factory waste. This paper presents electronic waste (e-waste) management from the manufacturer's and consumer's perspectives and by using statistical technique to determine the economic significance of revenue generated from recycling e-waste.


We show that if a semisimple synchronizing automaton with $n$ states has a minimal reachable non-unary subset of cardinality $r\ge 2$, then there is a reset word of length at most $(n-1)D(2,r,n)$, where $D(2,r,n)$ is the $2$-packing number for families of $r$-subsets of $[1,n]$.


Groundwater aquifer mapping is a scientific process, where-in a combination of geologic, geophysical and hydrologic analyses are applied to characterize the quantity, quality and sustainability of groundwater in aquifers. A total of ten (10) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and six (6) two dimensional (2-D) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) lines were achieved. The 2-D ERT lines were carried out on a length of about 240 m – 320 m using Dipole-dipole electrode configuration. Acquired 2- D and VES data was processed using RES2DINV and WINRESIST software respectively. The VES results obtained showed that the study area has 3 to 4 geoelectric layers with the following lithology namely; the topsoil, partially weathered, fractured layer and the fresh bedrock. The topsoil has a resistivity value of about 609 Ωm. The thickness and the depth representation of weathered basement and fractured basement vary from one another. They have a resistivity value of about 128 Ωm and 1089 Ωm respectively. The 2-D inverse models obtained from the area showed the presence of vertical contacts and fractured zones that can serve as an aquifer for the surveyed area. The pseudosection of the inversion results unravel the two profiles with saturated fractured basement where adequate groundwater can be obtained. The Iso-Pach map showed high contour closures which are good signature for good to moderate groundwater potential zones on profiles four, five and six (VES 7,8 and 9). In contrast, profiles one, two, three (VES 2 and 6) displayed low closures which depicts low overburden thickness and categorically means poor groundwater potential zones.


E⁄cacy of sun£ower oil (diet SF) and soybean oil (diet SB) alone and in combination with cod liver oil (diets M1-2.80:1.40:1.40, M2-2.80:2.24:0.56 and M3-2.80:0. 56:2.24; cod liver oil:sun£ower oil:soybean oil) as lipid supplements (5.6%) in formulated diets (crude fat � 9.79%) for juvenile Scylla serrata (weight 5 0.28 � 0.07 g, carapace width 5 9.7 � 0.1mm) were compared with diet CL, containing cod liver oil alone as the lipid supplement (6 diets � 24 crabs stocked individually, randomized block design). Growth performance, nutrient (protein and lipid) intake and gain of crabs fed M1, M2 and M3 were higher (P � 0.05) than the crabs fed SF and SB, but were not signi¢cantly diierent (P � 0.05) from crabs fed CL. Dietary fatty acids (FAs) are found to in£uence the FA pro¢le of test crabs. Higher tissue levels of 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9 and 18:1n-7 re£ected the essential FA de¢ciency in crabs fed diets supplemented only with vegetable oils. Results con¢rmed that S. serrata could utilize vegetable oil supplements in the formulated diets as a partial replacement (50%) of cod liver oil without compromising growth and survival. Partial substitution of marine ¢sh oil with suitable vegetable oils can reduce the feed cost considerably, in the context of rising ¢sh oil prices.


The optical response of a matter excitation embedded in nanophotonic devices is commonly described by the Drude-Lorentz model. Here, we demonstrate that this widely used approach fails in the case where quantum-confined plasmons of a two-dimensional electron gas interact strongly with optical phonons. We propose a new quantum model which contains the semiclassical Drude-Lorentz one for simple electronic potentials, but predicts very different results in symmetry-broken potentials. We unveil a new mechanism for the oscillator strength transfer between bright phonon-polariton and dark plasmon modes, enabling thus new quantum degrees of freedom for designing the optical response of nanostructures.


Obligate avian brood parasitism (ABP) refers to a special kind of breeding strategy observed in birds in which some species (parasites) do not invest parental care in their offspring but rather impose this duty on other species (hosts; Soler 2014). Such special breeding behavior has received attention since ancient times. For example, "The Book of Poetry" (11th–6th century B.C.) recorded the parasitic behavior of cuckoos in China. Only 1% of bird species have evolved to engage in such behavior, and the cost incurred by the hosts has triggered a variety of anti-parasitic defenses in the latter (Yang et al. 2019), leading to textbook coevolution between parasitic and antiparasitic adaptations between the parasites and hosts (Davies 2011). Both the parasitic and anti-parasitic behaviors vary across species, populations, and individuals (Davies 2000; Yang et al. 2010; 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2015d), and they change over time and individual age, experience (Moksnes et al. 1993, 2000; Moskát et al. 2014), and possibly personality (Avilés and Parejo 2011). Although ABP has been the subject of numerous studies since Darwin's time, the personalities of the parasites and hosts have not been taken into account much in previous studies. As to the recognition cues, which are used by the hosts to discriminate parasites, have received more studies, but mostly focused on egg recognition that there is still a dearth of exploration to the nestling recognition (Wang et al. 2020). Furthermore, nest sanitation, a behavior that is similar in pattern to egg rejection, was proposed to be a pre-adaptation of the latter in hosts (Rothstein 1975); however, the conclusions from previous studies were mixed. In this special column of Current Zoology, we provide empirical data and theoretical discussion of these research topics. Here I provide a brief introduction of the articles in this special column, and encourage future studies by providing perspective on some research gaps.


Breast cancer is known as the second largest cause of cancer deaths among women, but thankfully it can be cured if diagnosed early. There have been many investigations on methods to improve the accuracy of the diagnostic, and Machine Learning (ML) and Evolutionary Computation (EC) tools are among the most successfully employed modern methods. On the other hand, Logistic Regression (LR), a traditional and popular statistical method for classification, is not commonly used by computer scientists as those modern methods usually outperform it. Here we show that LR can achieve results that are similar to those of ML and EC methods and can even outperform them when useful knowledge is discovered in the dataset. In this paper, we employ the recently proposed Kaizen Programming (KP) approach with LR to construct high-quality nonlinear combinations of the original features resulting in new sets of features. Experimental analysis indicates that the new sets provide significantly better predictive accuracy than the original ones. When compared to related work from the literature, it is shown that the proposed approach is competitive and a promising method for automatic feature construction.


Objective:To construct the expression vector pSuper.Hsp90α/pSuper for further research of the Hsp90α.Methods: In accordance with the Hsp90α sequence in gene bank,three sequences respectively targeting Hsp90α were cloned into the RNA expression vector pSuper.Results:It was confirmed by enzyme digestion,and electrophoresis that the construction of the recombinant expression vector pSuper-Hsp90α1,pSuper-Hsp90α2 and pSuper-Hsp90α3 was successfu1.pSuper-Hsp90α1 and pSuper-Hsp90α2 were successfu1 by sequencing.The expression of Hsp90α mRNA in HEK293 cells with pSuper-Hsp90α1,pSuper-Hsp90α2 and pSuper-Hsp90α3 decreased,and pSuper-Hsp90α1 notably decreased.Conclusion:The recombinant plasmid against Hsp90α RNAi can be successfully constructed in vitro,and pSuper-Hsp90α1 is the possible optimal target.


In the name of God and by the authority of the Mexican people. The representatives of the different States, of the District and of the Territories which compose the Republic of Mexico, called upon by the provisions of the Plan proclaimed in Ayutla the first of March, eighteen hundred and fifty-four, amended in Acapulco the eleventh day of the same month and year, and by the call issued the seventeenth of October, eighteen hundred and fifty-five, to convene for the purpose of framing a constitution for the nation and making it


The utility model relates to three-level dissolved-air floatation settlement separator for oily water treatment in oil field. An inclined plate component (8) made by cross-flow inclined plate is arranged at the side of a water inlet pipe (1) inside a cylinder (3). A lower baffle plate (4), which is sealed from the left side to the bottom, and an upper baffle plate (5), which is sealed from the right side to the top, as well as an upper inlet net board (6) and a lower inlet net board (7) are arranged on the inclined plate component (8). An upper and a lower baffle plate for upward and downward liquid deflection (10, 12, 14; 11, 13) are positioned on tank bottom and top cylinder between three groups of releasing heads (9) and a relief port (20) located in a simple structure (1). The utility model overcomes stream short circuit and dead water retained. One-level cross-flow inclined plate is increased in front of the three-level floatation to remove oil floating on the water, which greatly improves handling capacity of single-unit equipments and quality of outlet water. The utility model handles 'three highs' oily water. When oil content in raw water is equal to or less than 1,000mg/L, the oil content in outlet water is equal to or less than 50mg/L and when the inlet suspended solid is equal to or less than 300mg/L, the outlet suspend solid is equal to or less than 30mg/L, which meets the design goal.


Four isoenergetic (21 kJ/g dry matter, DM) and isolipidic (65 g/kg DM) diets containing different crude protein/total carbohydrate (CHO) ratios: 60/26, 56/30, 52/34 and 48/38, were tested in 22 g Senegalese sole for 104 days. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) were not affected by the treatments, and all groups presented extremely low starch ADC values (22.8%–36.5%). Replacement of dietary protein by CHO did not affect daily growth index (0.9–1.0), but significantly increased voluntary feed intake of fish. Regression analyses demonstrated that digestible protein content, rather than digestible energy, was the main dietary factor influencing such feeding activity (R2 = .952). A significantly increased feed conversion ratio was observed in sole fed increasing CHO contents. The dietary protein/CHO ratio did not influence whole-body composition. Sole fed the 48/38 diet showed the lowest efficiency in terms of N and energy utilization. PUFA were the most represented fatty acid fraction in fillet, regardless of the dietary protein/CHO ratio, mainly due to the high content of DHA. Senegalese sole increase feed intake under low dietary protein/CHO ratios to ensure an adequate N intake. Such compensatory mechanism seems to be triggered to satisfy a specific protein metabolic requirement for energy purposes as tissue accretion remained unchanged.


THE purpose of this paper is a limited clinical study of the type of diabetic patient who develops a retinal angiopathy, and of the possible mechanism of this development. It is limited by methods of examination-clinical only, by the instruments employed, by the number of patients investigated, by omission of many possible tests, such as fields of vision, acuity of vision, scotomata, etc., but it is believed that some light will be thrown on this puzzling problem and it is hoped that the attention of some investigators more hiappily situated than the w.riter will be drawn to n-ewly elicited facts. From the ve-ry extensive literature in existence only a few quotations will be given. The second question that will be examined is the well-known fact that the prognosis as regards life is not bad, but for vision, very gloomy. The retinAa may be alm'ost completely destroyed, but the patient may be mentally alert.


Quantum information processing relies on coherent quantum dynamics for a precise control of its basic operations. A swapping gate in a two-spin system exchanges the degenerate states (cid:3) ↑ , ↓ (cid:4) and (cid:3) ↓ , ↑ (cid:4) . In NMR, this is achieved turning on and off the spin-spin interaction b = (cid:1) E that splits the energy levels and induces an oscillation with a natural frequency (cid:1) E / (cid:2) . Interaction of strength (cid:2) / (cid:3) SE , with an environment of neighboring spins, degrades this oscillation within a decoherence time scale (cid:3) (cid:4) . While the experimental frequency (cid:5) and decoherence time (cid:3) (cid:4) were expected to be roughly proportional to b / (cid:2) and (cid:3) SE , respectively, we present here experiments that show drastic deviations in both (cid:5) and (cid:3) (cid:4) . By solving the many spin dynamics, we prove that the swapping regime is restricted to (cid:1) E (cid:3) SE (cid:6)(cid:2) . Beyond a critical interaction with the environment the swapping freezes and the decoherence rate drops as 1/ (cid:3) (cid:4) (cid:7) (cid:1) b / (cid:2) (cid:2) 2 (cid:3) SE . The transition between quantum dynamical phases occurs when (cid:5)(cid:7) (cid:5) (cid:1) b / (cid:2) (cid:2) 2 − (cid:1) k / (cid:3) SE (cid:2) 2 becomes imaginary, resembling an overdamped classical oscillator. Here, 0 (cid:8) k 2 (cid:8) 1 depends only on the anisotropy of the system-environment interaction, being 0 for isotropic and 1 for XY interactions. This critical onset of a phase dominated by the quantum Zeno effect opens up new opportunities for controlling quantum dynamics. © 2006 American Institute of Physics . (cid:6) DOI: 10.


Doctor | Living With Shingles | Resource Guide Treatments for Shingles by Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, MD En Español (Spanish Version) There are no treatments to cure shingles. Rather, the goals of treatment include: Shortening the length of the illness Preventing shingles by using the shingles vaccine Preventing complications, such as postherpetic neuralgia Relieving/reducing pain and discomfort Preventing the rash from becoming infected Treatment involves the following: Lifestyle changes Medications Alternative and complementary therapies Other treatments At this time, there are no surgical procedures for the treatment of shingles. REFERENCES: The American Academy of Dermatology website. Available at: http://www.aad.org/default.htm . Accessed February 21, 2006. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website. Available at: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/ . Accessed February 21, 2006. Stankus SJ, Dlugopolski M, Packer D. Management of herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia. Am Fam Physician . 2000;61(8). Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html. Tyring SK. Management of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Acad Dermatol . 2007 Dec;57(6 Suppl):S136-142. Review. Previous | Next


Shipborne measurement and communication equipments are central parts of space measurement ship. Renewal of the equipments is very important for space measurement tasks. Also it is important to save cost for continual development. The paper proposes the problem of technical and economic analysis of the renewals. The maintenance and update with their analysis are introduced too. Finally schemes of the renewal and its decision-making method are presented. The renewals are motivated mostly by requirement of space missions at present. But for continual development the ratio of efficient and cost is important. The decision-maker may refer the paper and select scientific renewal scheme.


Objective To compare the extraction efficiency and clinical value of the two methods of HCV-nuclear acid extraction,which is isopropanol-chloroform nuclear acid extraction and separation column nu-clear acid extraction,by the detection of fluorescence quantitative PCR. Methods After extracting RNA of HCV with two methods,which was isopropanol-chloroform nuclear acid extraction and separation column nuclear acid extraction,fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the content of the RNA. then compared the extraction efficiency and repeatability of the two methods. Results Both of two methods could effectively ex-tract RNA. There was no significant difference in the extraction efficiency (P0.05) ,but when come to the repeatability,the method which used nucleic acid separation column showed significant advantage. Conclusion The two methods are similar and both can be adopted on clinical appli cation,but the method used nucleic acid separation column is more excellent on the repeatability.


An optical pyrometer has been used to measure apparent temperature oscillations during the growth of GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy. The oscillations are due to an optical interference effect in the epitaxial layers and the period can be related to both growth rate and alloy composition. Measurements can be carried out on rotating substrates throughout the deposition cycle of complex device structures, and provide a convenient means of monitoring the uniformity of the deposition process.


This report describes the results of 2 studies designed to test the hypothesis that there is an inverse relation between bodily and perceptual activity. In Study I 100 college students' bodily movements were recorded by kymograph while they were tested for the autokinetic illusion, reversible figure-ground, Necker cube reversals, and visual figural aftereffects. No significant correlations were found between bodily movement and perceptual scores. Study II involved only autokinetic illusion scores and induced bodily activity of 200 Ss. Significant linear correlations were found in the expected direction, i.e., bodily movement correlated positively with autokinetic latency in both males and females; bodily movement was negatively correlated with extent of autokinetic movement in females. Female Ss in both studies showed significantly greater autokinetic latency than males.


This study aims to examine the Council Influence Knowledge of the Financial Supervision Budget (APBD) Backgrounds Politics, Accountability, Transparency as moderating variable on all members of Parliament in the area Palalawan. Using survey data from 35 questionnaires distributed, which can be processed is 33 questionnaire. used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 20.0. Data analysis techniques to test hypotheses using multiple linear regression analysis approach. Hypothesis testing results show that the understanding of accounting, The results show that there is a significant negative influence between knowledge of the board of the Financial Supervision budget (APBD) the statistical value of 0,017. use political backgrounds have knowledge about the effect of the relationship between the budget and the Financial Supervision (Budget) in 0,016. And the use of statistical values of accountability has the effect of knowledge of the relationship between the budget and the Financial Supervision (APBD) in the 0,030 statistical value, transparency has no effect relationship between knowledge about the budget and the Financial Supervision (APBD) in the 0,584 statistical value.


The utility model relates to a pneumatic telescopic positioning mechanism which comprises a body, a cylinder and a telescopic link, wherein, the body takes a hollow square shape, and the cylinder is integrated with the body by a bolt. The pneumatic telescopic positioning mechanism is characterized in that a universal dog bolt is arranged between one end of the telescopic link in the body and the cylinder. The pneumatic telescopic positioning mechanism has the advantages of simple structure and reliable performance, and is simple and convenient in application. In the utility model, angular positioning is automatically adjusted by setting the universal dog bolt to form a standard mechanism, thus effectively guaranteeing the connection axiality between the cylinder and the telescopic link, simplifying the machining process, requiring no severe machining accuracy, meeting accurate positioning requirements of a welding fixture, effectively ensuring the production and assembly quality of automotive parts, improving the yield, greatly prolonging the service life of the mechanism and achieving obvious practical effect.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a continuous casting method in which a temperature of an end of a short side copper plate coming into contact with a long side copper plate is maintained almost equally, even if a copper plate thickness of the long side copper plate decreases by the grinding of the inner wall surface of the long side copper plate, in the continuous casting of a slab cast piece using a mold having the pair of long side copper plates and the pair of short side copper plates.SOLUTION: A continuous casting method of the present invention is characterized as follows: a mold 1 having a pair of long side copper plates 3 and a pair of short side copper plates 6 in which the long side copper plates and the short side copper plates form a rectangular inner space 17 is used and the continuous casting of a molten steel is performed; the long side copper plates and the short side copper plates are removed from the mold after casting the molten steel of a predetermined amount; the surface forming the inner space of the removed long side copper plates are ground; the long side copper plates after grinding are incorporated in the mold and the continuous casting is performed while reusing them as the long side copper plates; and then a flow velocity of the cooling water in the cooling water flow paths of both end sides of the short side copper plates, among cooling water flow paths 9 combined with the long side copper plates with the ground surface for forming the inner space and provided in the short side copper plates incorporated in the mold, is adjusted so as to be decreased with an increase of the grinding number of times of the long side copper plates.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


Nowadays, Bluetooth is an advanced wireless network technology It based on low cost and shortrange radio link,and it can connect with computers and communication devices in a certainty range instead of cable to achieve interconnection rapidly between different devices This paper analyses mostely of Bluetooth′s protocol and profile, in order to push the application of Bluetooth technogology widely


In this paper, I discuss the extent to which caring for
 others involves relinquishing our own perspective and assuming the viewpoint of
 the one for which we care. I argue that there is no need to shed one's
 perspective, but that even in contexts in which the cared-for is the victim of
 political oppression there are occasions when caring might call for
 confrontation.


Silicon wafers have been implanted with As^+ ions at an energy of 100 keV and a dose of 1 × 10^17 cm^−2 and subsequently annealed at 1050°for 15 min. This results in a peak As concentration of 7 × 10^21 cm^−3, which is far beyond the solid solubility value of arsenic in silicon at this annealing temperature. Rod-like precipitates, dislocations, and small precipitate-like defects have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. From the analysis of several diffraction patterns taken on a number of rod-like particles at different tilt angles, it has been unambiguously found that they have the structure of the monoclinic SiAs compound previously reported in literature. The stoichiometry of the precipitates has been confirmed by x-ray microanalysis. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this SiAs phase is detected in As^+-implanted silicon.


A simple design office oriented empirical model containing only two parameters has been developed to predict creep behavior of concrete made of crushed clay bricks as coarse aggregate. For this, concrete samples having three different normal compressive strengths in the range of 18.9 up to 24.0 N/mm2 are first prepared and then tested for their creep deformation. For each of the samples, a hyperbolic equation is developed from their creep-time behavior. These equations are then combined and modified according to statistical norms to finally obtain a generalized equation. Comparison of creep strain obtained from this equation with that of experimental values show that the proposed model can closely predict creep in brick aggregate made concrete.


Domiciliary oxygen therapy (DOT) is commonly prescribed for patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and hypoxaemia with the aim of improving symptoms and functional status, and possibly survival. This qualitative study aimed to explore perspectives of patients with ILD about DOT and to compare insights from patients using and …


This paper examines Wolfram von Eschenbach's juxtaposition of contrary things in Parzival as the beginning of the road to spiritual salvation for Parzival. Men's quest for fame and honor in the material, Arthurian world is compared to the divine Grail kingdom and the godlike women who shed compassionate, Christ-like tears. Wolfram's message of peace and love for brother is examined through his use of symbolism, particularly through womens' tears and turtledove imagery. Parzival, Gâwân and Feirefiz are compared in order to show that the love and quest for personal honor in the Arthurian world is a necessary step on the path to God's divine love and salvation. Compassion and love for one's neighbor must be learned before Parzival attains his destiny. How marriage teaches Parzival triuwe and how he demonstrates this characteristic are examined. Romantic love, emulation of women and divine love lead Parzival to his destiny. INDEX WORDS: Wolfram, Crying, Turtledove, Peace, Muslim-christian brotherhood, Crusades, Chivalry, Song of songs, Christ, Salvation, Grail, Holy grail, Knights templar, Templeise, Jerusalem, Destiny, Honor, Love, Triuwe CONDUIRE AMOUR: LIEBE DER FRAU ALS SCHLUSSEL ZUM HEIL UND BRUDERLICHEN FRIEDEN IN WOLFRAM VON ESCHENBACHS PARZIVAL


Symbolic substitution systems are an important source of aperiodic Delone sets in abelian locally compact groups. In this article, we consider a large class of non-abelian nilpotent Lie groups with dilation structures, which we refer to as rationally homogeneous Lie groups with rational spectrum (RAHOGRASPs). We show, by explicit construction, that every RAHOGRASP admits a lattice with a primitive symbolic substitution system and hence contains a weakly aperiodic linearly repetitive Delone set. These are the first examples of weakly aperiodic linearly repetitive Delone sets in non-abelian Lie groups. Building on our previous work, we establish unique ergodicity of the corresponding Delone dynamical systems. Our construction applies in particular to all two-step nilpotent Lie groups defined over Q such as the Heisenberg group. In this case, the Delone sets in question are in fact strongly aperiodic, i.e. the underlying action of the corresponding Delone dynamical system is free.


It is accepted that conventional piped drainage systems exacerbate flood risk, detrimentally impact on water resources and associated ecology, and have contributed to the deterioration in the quality of receiving water bodies. The use of sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) to manage surface water runoff from new development is therefore now required in order to meet current planning and regulatory policy. This guide has been developed to assist developers, their professional advisors and local planning authorities with achieving drainage best practice on all new developments, with specific direction on achieving sustainable drainage solutions for high density sites. The document supports drainage infrastructure planning, conceptual design and construction, and provides guidance on: • Stormwater management principles; • Drainage design criteria; • SUDS component characteristics; • SUDS component applications; • SUDS construction issues; • Safety, amenity and environmental objectives; • Existing drainage responsibilities and ownership.


Reasoning with model-based representations is an intuitive paradigm, which has been shown to be theoretically sound and to possess some computational advantages over reasoning with formula-based representations of knowledge. In this paper we present more evidence to the utility of such representations.

In real life situations, one normally completes a lot of missing "context" information when answering queries. We model this situation by augmenting the available knowledge about the world with context-specific information; we show that reasoning with model-based representations can be done efficiently in the presence of varying context information. We then consider the task of default reasoning. We show that default reasoning is a generalization of reasoning within context, in which the reasoner has many "context" rules, which may be conflicting. We characterize the cases in which model-based reasoning supports efficient default reasoning and develop algorithms that handle efficiently fragments of Reiter's default logic. In particular, this includes cases in which performing the default reasoning task with the traditional, formula-based, representation is intractable.

Further, we argue that these results support an incremental view of reasoning in a natural way.


The authors report an original 1.9-micrometers diode laser assisted microvascular anastomosis (LAMA) in human. This technique has been applied in 20 patients during reconstructive surgery for digital replantations (nequals6), for digital revascularizations (nequals4) and for free flap transfers (nequals10). LAMA were always performed on vessel (16 arteries and 6 veins) which did not impede the chance of success of the surgical procedure in case of thrombosis. LAMA was performed with a 1.9-micrometers diode laser after placement of 2 equidistant stitches at 180 degrees. The diode spot was obtained by means of a 300-micrometers optic fiber transmitted to the vessel wall via a pencil size hand piece. The following parameters were used: spot size equals 500 micrometers , power equals 70 to 220 mW, pulse duration equals 0.7 to 3 seconds. Ten to 15 spots were applied on each face. The mechanism involved is a thermal effect on the collagen of the adventitia and media leading to a phenomenon which the authors have termed 'heliofusion'. Immediate assessment consisted in evaluating the permeability by patency test (O'Brien) and water tightness. Secondary assessment consisted in evaluating the clinical success, confirmed by Doppler at one month.


Data mining is used for extracting related data. The association rules approach is one of the used methods for analyzing, discovering and extracting knowledge and mining the relationships among raw data. Commonly, it is important to understand and discover such knowledge directly from huge records of items stored in a relational database. This paper proposes an approach for generating human-like fuzzy association rules based on fuzzy ontology. It focuses on enhancing the process of extracting association rules from a huge database respecting a predefined domain fuzzy ontology. Commonly, association rules mining based on crisp ontology is found to be more flexible than classical ones as it considers the relationships between concepts or items. Yet, crisp ontology suffers from the problem of information losing resulted from the rigid boundaries of crisp relationships, which are approximated to be 0 or 1, between concepts. In contrast, the smooth boundaries of fuzzy sets make it able to represent partial relationships that range from 0 to 1 between concepts in an ontology in a more flexible human-like manner. Consequently, generating fuzzy association rules based on fuzzy ontology makes it more human-like and reliable compared with other previous ones. An illustrative case study, on two different data sets, shows the added value of the proposed approach compared with some other recent approaches.


Mercury is a metal whose toxicity triggers neurological impairments at all ages, although the feti carry special risks. Mercury poisoning mostly occurs as a result of occupational accidents or attempted suicide. The bulk of evidence that addresses the health effects associated with long term postnatal mercury exposure is limited for all age groups. Public education on poisoning and the potential threats arising from mercury are of utmost importance for general well-being.


Data on the mechanism of electrochemical steps in the electroreduction of metal complexes to metal atoms are considered and generalized. Particular attention is focused on electrode reactions proceeding at marcury and amalgam electrodes. In eluciding the mechanism of these reactions, the electrical double layer structure was taken into account and/or kinetic parameters of the cathodic and anodic processes were compared


This paper summarizes the existing modular design methods,and concludes a disaggregated analysis of its grouped into two categories: focused on the structure and function of the modular design,and sums up their deficiencies.On this basis,an integrated modular design method is put forword,in the form of a flowchart that describes the content and integrated steps,and a detailed explanation of the method of characteristics.


The stabilization of aloe gel by adding common plants was studied.The optimum dosage of four kinds of plants by orthogonal test was as follows:DGC 0.2%,SGR 0.1%,CTA 0.05%,SL 0.2%.The storage duration of gel treated by these four plants was 65 days at 30 ℃ and even reached seven months at room temperature.The results showed that these four kinds of plants have obvious synergetic effects on stabilizing aloe and brilliant exploitation prospects as natural antiseptic and oxidationresistant materials.


s: In Lu Xun's novel "Chinese Medicinal Herbs", Lu Xun made a deep and thorough description of Xinhai Revolution, and from omnidirection and all sides, with tragic destiny of revolutionary Xia Yu, he also revealed the deep-rooted social problems which were the estrangement between the masses and revolutionaries, the ignorance of the masses. That made the image of Xia Yu full of profound significance in society.


The problem of electric power harmonic brought by nonlinear load in power grid has become more and more serious. The paper analyzes the main source and the causes of harmonics. The harm brought by electric power harmonic in electric equipment itself and power grid users are also be discussed. The paper demonstrates various measures to govern the harmonic in detail. The principle and structure of filter and harmonic compensation device are expounded in order to eliminate the damage in power gird caused by electric power harmonic.


Purpose To further explore the mechanisms of Ngb function in the retina, and investigate the possible neuroprotective potency of this O2-binding protein in glaucoma. Our project will potentially open exciting perspectives for the treatment and prognosis of the blinding condition of glaucoma.

Methods 1) In vitro: We will set up cultures for primary RGCs. The cultured RGCs will be subjected to hypoxia by incubation in a controlled-atmosphere incubator. Cell survival and apoptosis will be assessed using MTT method and TUNEL staining. Ngb expression in normoxic and hypoxic cells will be compared. Additionally, the RGCs will be transfected with plasmids expressing Ngb mRNA to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ngb. 2) In vivo: The ischemia/reperfusion model and the staurosporine intravitreal injection model cause acute RGC loss. We will also use a laser model to induce chronic elevated IOP by obstructing the aqueous outflow pathway. We will first analyze upregulated Ngb expression in these models. The localization of both Ngb mRNA and protein will be assessed. Ngb-Tg mice will be subjected to the glaucoma models. We will measure cell density or retinal thickness and perform electroretinography to evaluate the physiological function of retina. We will also analyse the possible contribution of oxidative stress via immunostainings for ROS and determine possible effects on NO scavenging by evaluating the expression of NOS. Furthermore, we will transfect RGCs in vivo using intravitreal injections of a Ngb expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) to test the therapeutic potential of Ngb.

Conclusion Our project will not only provide us with an improved understanding of neuroglobin, but also open a new perspective for the treatment of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and glaucomatous neuropathy.


The utility model relates to a medium temperature and medium pressure surplus heat utilization power generation device for a dry-process cement production line, which comprises a clinker cooler, a rotary cement kiln, a kiln hood residual heat boiler, an overheater, a steam turbo-generator unit, a kiln outlet preheater and a kiln outlet residual heat boiler. A tertiary air pumping hole is formed atthe head part of the clinker cooler; a first exhaust gas pumping hole is formed at the middle part of the top plate of the clinker cooler; the tertiary air pumping hole is communicated with the air inlet of the overheater via a pipeline; the output pipelines of the air inlet of the overheater and the first exhaust gas pumping hole are connected in parallel so as to form a mixed exhaust gas pipeline; the mixed exhaust gas pipeline is communicated with the air inlet of the kiln hood residual heat boiler; a first vaporizer and a heater are arranged in the kiln hood residual heat boiler; both theoutlet and the inlet of the first vaporizer are communicated with a first steam header; and steam in the first steam header is transmitted to the overheater to be heated via the steam output pipelineof the first steam header, and is then output to the steam turbo-generator unit for expansion. The device can improve the utilization rate of residual heat resource of a dry-process cement productionline.


Most of observational researches on molecular gas in galaxies have focused on the two-dimensional distributions in galactic disks so far. In order to investigate vertical structure of the galactic disk and the disk-halo interaction we need high-resolution observations of edge-on galaxies. So we observed the nearest edge-on galaxy, NGC 891, using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA). Its distance is estimated to be 8.9 Mpc using the Tully-Fisher relation and H-band photometric data. The synthesized beamsize was 4.5" x 4.4" and the field of view due to attenuation of the element antenna (Handa et al. 1992). The field center is 90"-offset from the center of the galaxy along the major axis toward the northern side, where the CO intensity has a local maximum (Sofue et al. 1987). After the standard data reduction procedure in AIPS, including CLEAN, we obtained 10 channel-maps with a 19.5 km s"' velocity width from 289.8 km s"' to 465.2 km s" 1 with respect to the local standard of rest. In the integrated intensity map a narrow CO emission ridge is seen (Figure 1). It is an edge-on view of molecular gas disk of the galaxy. The confinement of the CO emission in the thin disk suggests that most of the molecular gas is belonging to the population-I objects like in our Galaxy. The apparent thickness of the ridge is about 7", which means that the deconvolved width is about 6" or 270 pc (FWHM). The position-velocity diagram averaged along the major axis over the field of view shows no systematic velocity gradient along the minor axis (Figure It means that the deconvolved thickness of the CO disk is intrinsic. This width is broader than that


This study included 125 women with specific complaints following tubal ligation. In most instances the ligations had been done 7 years previously, mostly for multiparity. 92% had been ligated by the abdominal route 88.8% had symptoms including menstrual irregularities, chronic pain, obesity, psychoses, intermittent acute retention of urine, ventral hernia, and 2 cases of sterilization failure. Average age at time of tubectomy had been 31 years; average parity, 3-4. There was a shift towards right in mean maturation index of cervical cells soon after sterilization. This shift then decreased for a year, then gradually rose, stabilizing at 12 years. Amenorrhea was present in 5 cases with high mean maturation levels. 17 cases of oligomenorrhea all showed ahigh estrogenic activtiy. Of 27 cases of menorrhagia endometrial biopsies were taken in 13. 12 showed the proliferative phase and 1 the secretory phase. These findings correlated with cytological findings, but cervical mucus in 3 cases did not coincide. Of the 27 cases 21 were anovular. In all the karyopyknotic index was high. 2 cases showed clinical evidence of inflammation. Of 10 cases of dysmenorrhea, 3 were ovulatory; inflammation was present in 3. In 12 cases of polymenorrhea 7 showed high estrogenic activities. In 1 a polyp had caused the irregular bleeding. The observed shifts of maturation index of cervical cells toward the right are considered indicative of hyperovarian activity. Results show that ovarian activity after sterilization by tubectomy was normal or increased. The increased activity was considered either psychological,neurovascular, or caused by inflammation. Of the 10 cases with inflammation, 9 were associated with menstrual disorders.


METHODS: The Department of Risk Management at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to improve management of incapacitated patients. The workgroup studied institutional data and case experience, solicited mental health expertise, and performed a brief review of published tools for management of incapacitated patients. The workgroup produced a clinical decision algorithm for hospital inpatients with impaired decision-making capacity. RESULTS: The algorithm is explained via 3 common scenarios, and notable details include identification and management in a single visual diagram, emphasis on safety planning for a high-risk subset of incapacitated patients, and explanation for multiple disciplines of consultation. The algorithm was disseminated to providers, workshops were conducted, and associated quality improvements were implemented. Initial feedback was positive, relating to clinical competency, decreased practice anxiety, and improved teamwork.


A new form of oscillator is described which is capable of operating from DC to millimetre-wave frequencies, and in which the components are predominantly optical rather than electrical. The principles have been verified by constructing two devices at ∼ 50MHz, one of which required no electrical amplification.


Without organizational learning entity,individual learning,team learning,organizational learning and learning among organizations will not exist.By analysing the harmonious elements of organizational learning,the systematic organizational learning model based on harmonious and feed-back mechanism under knowledge environment is built.In order to guide enterprise' learning,the application of the model is discussed through a case study.


In recent decades, the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic organisms has proven to be a significant threat to human health. Today, resistant organisms have been identified for every class of antibiotics introduced into clinical practice. Combining this with the knowledge that the introduction of new antimicrobial classes has been almost non-existent since the early 1960's, stresses the importance for new chemical scaffolds and novel therapeutic targets to combat this growing crisis. This thesis focuses on one potential target in Gram-positive bacteria, the biosynthesis of wall teichoic acid polymers. In particular, this study centers on investigating the dispensability of these polymers in both Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the utility of these biosynthetic enzymes as novel therapeutic targets. Despite significant examination of teichoic acid gene dispensability in the model organism, B. subtilis, the complexity surrounding gene dispensability was not appreciated until this study. Studying both B. subtilis and S. aureus, a peculiar gene dispensability pattern was uncovered in which early acting enzymes; those responsible for disaccharide synthesis, were dispensable for cell viability, yet the remaining late-acting enzymes remained essential. This paradox was reconciled by demonstrating that the lethality associated with the deletion of late-acting genes could be suppressed by deletion of the early genes. Notwithstanding the ability to survive devoid of wall teichoic acid, these polymers remain an absolute requirement for pathogen virulence. The discoveries presented here have provided remarkable insight into understanding of wall teichoic acid gene dispensability and the complexity associated with this pathway. Furthermore, the ability to generate bacterial strains devoid of wall teichoic acid in both B. subtilis and S. aureus will provide tremendous utility for uncovering a function for this important cell wall component.


Two last decades have witnessed large-scale borrowing of English-origin words into both everyday and specialist Russian discourse (terminology). The author analyzes recently borrowed terms in the spheres of economics, business and law from the standpoint of biocognitive theory of language and ecolonguistics.


Design optimisation is a primary objective in computer-aided engineering. In this paper the optimisation of a linear variable differential transformer is used as an example. The study shows two typical features of computer-aided engineering: first that analysis techniques can be used to give measurements of system parameters that could not be achieved in a practical experiment; secondly that the design optimisation involves application-specific extensions to the basic techniques. Using the data from computer-evaluated measurements a transducer design which gives a linear output voltage is achieved.


Both static and dynamic plasma sheath can lead to communication interruption because of its severe impact on the electromagnetic waves. To evaluate the influence of plasma on the performance of communications, previous researches give a method of static and dynamic plasma sheath generation in the ground experiment system. In this paper, a communication experiment is designed and conducted based on the plasma sheath channel simulation system. The theoretical analysis gives out two bounds for carrier frequency on the propagation of signals in the plasma. The dynamic bound explains how the phase shift fluctuation affects the performance of communication in dynamic plasma. In the experiments, QPSK, 4FSK and 16FSK signals are transmitted simultaneously by using the FDM method. The bit error rate is calculated to evaluate the performance of communication. The theoretical prediction matches up well with the experimental results. The results of the experiments make great contributions to the study of communications in the static and dynamic plasma sheath channels.


In this paper, a vital signs detection system based on 77GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is proposed and implemented. The peripheral radio frequency module and antenna array are designed on the basis of AWR1843 radar chip. A threshold discriminant method of target phase energy based on statistics is proposed to distinguish target and clutter signal in complex environment. EDACM demodulation algorithm was used to restore the target chest displacement signal, and VMD algorithm was used to separate the respiratory signal and heartbeat signal. All the algorithms are deployed in the radar system to realize the system of extracting and separating vital signs signal from radar echo.


Africa's mixed record of democratization, including the emergence of a large number of hybrid regimes committed to effective governance and real economic development but not Western-style democracy, has led some analysts and foreign policy makers to question the wisdom of promoting democracy as a core theme of U.S. Africa policy. Lately, the focus has been on the leaders who have come to power in Central Africa and the Horn?Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia, Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea, Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, Paul Kagame of Rwanda, and Laurent Kabila of the former Zaire (Dan Connell and Frank Smyth, "Africa's New Bloc," March/April 1998). Attention has focused on these five because upon taking power all inherited economic basket cases, and some the legacy of civil war. What sets this group apart is not their newness or cohesiveness as a


Intracellular polysaccharides from Ganoderma submerged fermentation was extracted by ultrafiltration, concentration and ethanol precipitation.The ultrafiltration conditions were: membrane relative molecular mass,10000;operating pressure,0.2 MPa;and initial concentration,15.79 mg/mL.Compared with vacuum concentration, higher yield and content of intracellular polysaccharides could be obtained by ultrafiltration and concentration,and it could improve the quality of polysaccharides.Ganoderma intracellular polysaccharides exhibited obvious scavenging effects for hydroxyl free radicals(HFR),which bad positive correlation with the initial concentration,and the HFR scavenging ratio of polysaccharides prepared by ultrafiltration and concentration was better than that by vacuum concentration.


Many sections of floodwalls in New Orleans, LA were damaged or suffered catastrophic failure as a result of Hurricane Katrina. One of the key triggering mechanisms of failure reported is the gap development between the floodwall and soil. This study developed an effective retrofitting technique to prevent this gap development by introducing a buried layer of self-sealing sand and bentonite mixture. This self-sealing layer was expected to swell fast enough so that it could seal the gap without any time delay and to exert insignificant swelling pressure to the levee so that it did not affect the stability of the levee. Among several mixtures of sand and bentonite, the mixture of 70% sand and 30% bentonite (by dry weight) proved to be a more effective one among laboratory and large scale model tests conducted in this study by swelling fast enough to seal the gap (approximately 10% swelling strain in 2 days), but exerting insignificant swelling pressure (162.03 kPa in 2 days) to the levee. From the numerical analysis using FLAC3D, it was confirmed that the stability of the levee was actually increased by sealing the gap even with the minor swelling pressure from the self-sealing layer. From 1/64th scale centrifuge tests, the wall with the self-sealing layer did not fail at 64 g, while the one without the self-sealing layer failed at 25 g acceleration.


With growing interest in KM-related assessments and calls for rigorous assessment tools, the objective of this study was to apply SEM techniques to refine and cross-validate the KMI, a metric to assess the degree to which organizations are engaged in knowledge management (KM). Unlike previous KM metrics research that has focused on scales, we modeled the KMI as a formative latent variable, thereby extending knowledge on formative measures and index creation from other fields into the KM field. The refined KMI metric was tested in a nomological network and found to be robust and stable when cross-validated; thereby demonstrating consistent prediction results across independent data sets. The study also verified the hypothesis that the KMI is positively correlated with organizational performance (OP). Research contributions, managerial implications, limitations of the study, and direction for further research are discussed. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-709-6.ch009


the article discusses the essence, structure and content of linguistic education. The process of shaping student's attitudes to learning foreign languages is being considered as one of the possible means for someone mastering the values of the medical profession. The authors present characteristics of the levels of competence in foreign communication of a future doctor working in the professional directivity of education.


Optical triangulation as a non-destructive test method extensively proved its usefulness on the dimensional and topographic inspection of a large range of objects and surfaces. In this communication the issue of microtopographic and thickness inspection of hard contact lenses (RPG) is addressed. The use of optical triangulation is discussed based on the results of the application of our MICROTOP.03.MFC microtopographer to this kind of tasks will be presented.


Grayscale medical monitors are commonly calibrated by transforming the image display values sent to a graphic controller using a lookup table (LUT). The calibration LUT is deduced from the uncalibrated luminance response (uLR) of the display system. The uLR of liquid crystal display (LCD) systems is poorly behaved with significant discontinuities occurring in the relative luminance changes. Accurate grayscale calibration of LCD devices thus requires a measurement of the luminance for the full palette of possible output values. A method is reported to acquire the uLR of LCD displays, generate a LUT to achieve precise calibration, and assess the accuracy of the calibration results. A palette of 766 luminance values can be measured in 12 minutes. The accuracy of the method permits the evaluation of relative luminance changes, dL/L, to be made with a precision of .0002 to .0007 for luminance values between 1000 and 1 cd/m2. For seven LCD monitors, 766 values for the uLR were measured and calibration tables deduced. The calibrated luminance response (cLR) for 256 gray values was then compared to the DICOM standard. The root mean squared error of the observed JNDs per luminance interval values ranged from .37 to .59 which is less than the AAPM recommended value of 1.0. A full calibration of this type should be done at installation. However, the stability of LCD systems suggests that periodic recalibration will not be necessary.


Software Configuration Management (SCM) is the controlled way to manage the development and modification of software. For an efficient SCM process different SCM tools can be used to collect information about items being changed in the development or maintenance process. Advanced SCM tools include also Change Management which collects information related to the change process in a project. There is a huge amount of information stored in SCM repository and this information can be used as input to Software Metrics for Sizeand Process-Oriented Metrics. This paper describes how SCM data can be utilised for Process-Oriented Software Metrics. To identify the changes performed in a software system, SCM uses Change Requests (CR). By placing CRs under version control, it is possible to measure the nature of change process: The measurements taken on CRs give information not only about the number and type of changes but also about the development process behaviour. These measurements can be used during the development process and in the final analysis of the project. Main advantages of using data stored by SCM is the accuracy of the data, and that it is not necessary to put extra efforts to register the data (they are updated automatically when certain actions related to the SCM process are performed). As an implementation example, the paper presents a change-oriented SCM tool used at ABB Automation Product AB, and measurements showing certain cases of different lifecycle models.


With effective control and management of point source pollution in Songhua River Basin,the surface source pollution is increasingly outstanding and has become the primary pollution source in Harbin section of the Songhua River Basin.To investigate output capacity of surface source pollution in different land use types,TM images and DEM data of the region were processed and analyzed by RS and GIS technology.Results show that,the areas of cultivated land,saline-alkaline land,GIS grassland area and construction used land are 14 918.29 km2,13 886.12 km2 and 2 868.8 km2 respectively,which occupy 44.37%,41.3% and 8.52% of the total basin area.The basin flow through Song-Nen Plain and the slope is gentle.The area with slope of less than 25°occupies 93.42%,and the area with slope of less than 15°occupies 77.56%.The largest part of pollution source is agricultural surface source pollutant,followed by saline-alkaline land and construction used land.These are main surface source pollutions.Principle sources of pollutants includes chemical fertilizer,pesticide,crop growth regulator,domestic animals and fowls manure wastewater,domestic sewage,domestic solid wastes and human wastes.The total quantity of surface source pollution of the basin were estimated by calculation model and monitor data.


The voluntary intake of 18-month-old sheep offered hay or silage to appetite was determined with 40 individually penned animals per roughage. The experiment covered 2 periods of 7 weeks each and a final period of 1 week. One group of animals was given hay in Period 1, silage in Period 2 and hay in Period 3 while the other group was given silage in Period 1, hay in Period 2 and silage in Period 3. Average daily dry matter intakes of hay and silage were 873 and 699, 1096 and 922 and 1116 and 903 g in Periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively. These differences in intake, which were significant in each period were not affected by previous feeding experience. The repeatability of daily intake, calculated from intakes on consecutive days in 1 week, was 0.59 while the corresponding estimate for daily intakes separated by 11 weeks was 0.16. The repeatability of intake was not affected by diet. Measuring intakes on consecutive days added little to precision and it was concluded that intermittent measurements would suffice. Calculations based on the results also showed that more efficient experiments could be designed with fewer pens for individual intake measurements but with more animals by placing subsets of the animals in the pens for shorter recording periods.


ABSTRACT The flamboyant performances of Afro-Cuban singer and pan-Latina icon, Celia Cruz, blurred the lines of latinidad and blackness. Where latinidad often ignores blackness beyond its historical contributions to mestizaje, Cruz's example provides a more complex framework through which to imagine the performative relationship between latinidad, mestizaje, and gendered blackness, especially as it relates to questions of diaspora and belonging for black women. Through close reading, Cruz's outbursts of '¡azúcar!' (sugar!) underscore the historical contributions of blackness while stretching its everyday possibilities as a black feminist grammar across the diaspora. Understood here as a black diasporic feminist interjection into mainstream Latin music, ¡azúcar! attempts to construct a pleasurable, alternative modernity within and beyond linearity as a repetitive act of black women's self-insertion.


This paper discusses a research-in-progress project engaging citizens in the collaborative 3D reconstruction of special urban features (SUFs) – visual works of art located in urban public spaces. While most artists modelling urban public spaces use basic 3D building models, these models do not include visual artworks. Because urban planners use artists' models when designing urban public spaces, we believe it is necessary to incorporate SUFs into 3D city models to help urban planners and artists visualize urban spaces more effectively. To achieve this goal, we propose a bottom-up approach to the geographic visualization of SUF cultural assets (i.e. cultural mapping) which so far has not been undertaken as a citizen science project. The main aims of this project are to engage citizens in contributing to 3D SUF models and to familiarize them with citizen science. The method includes crowdsourcing SUF data and analysing it using 'structure from motion' (SfM) algorithms. After a 6-month campaign in Lublin, Poland, this project has so far resulted in 271 observations and 144 collaborative 3D models, creating a 3D open-data product which can be used for further culturally sensitive urban planning purposes.


Boiling flows are very complex systems, usually confined in vertical pipes, where the liquid water moving upwards and the steam gas bubbles generated at the walls. The fluid dynamics of such systems is determined by the interplay of many different phenomena, including bubble nucleation, growth, condensation, coalescence, and breakage. For this reason, the development of a fully predictive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is very challenging, therefore we focus here only on some of the phenomena mentioned above (i.e. coalescence and breakage) by using population balance models (PBM). In this work, a coupled CFD-PBM model based on the two-fluid model and the quadrature method of moments (QMOM) was implemented in the open-source CFD code openFOAM. Simulation predictions are validated against the so-called TOPFLOW experiments, where simpler air-water cold systems that mimic the complexity of real boiling flows were investigated. Comparison between the available experimental data and the results show that great care must be paid on some modeling details, such as the inlet bubble size distribution (BSD) at the sparger and the coalescence and breakage rates modeling.


Owing to the growing interest of bioconvection flow of nanomaterials, many investigations on this topic have been performed, especially in this decade. The bioconvection flow of nanofluid includes ...


The DOBSON SPACE TELESCOPE Project (DST) at the Technical University of Berlin (TUB) believes that micro satellites can be a challenging competitor in the high resolution remote sensing market. Using a micro satellite as basis for a remote sensing platform will dramatically reduce the cost for the end users thereby initiating the predicted remote sensing boom. The Challenging task is that an optic required for a GSD smaller than 1m is much bigger than the given room for secondary payload. In order to break the volume limits of hitchhiker payloads the DST team develops an optical telescope with deployable structures. The core piece of DST is a 20 inch modified Cassegrain optic. Stored during ascend the instrument fits in a box measuring 60 x 60 x 30cm (including telescope and optical plane assembly). After the satellite was released into free space the telescope unfolds and collimates automatically.


The invention is suitable for the field of multi-sensor information integration, and provides a marginal distribution passing measurement-driven target tracking method. The method comprises the steps that marginal distribution and existence probability thereof predicted at current moment are obtained according to marginal distribution and existence probability thereof of the former moment; sequential processing is performed on the measured data of the current moment by utilizing the Bayesian rules according to the predicted marginal distribution and existence probability thereof so that updated marginal distribution and existence probability thereof are obtained; marginal distribution of a newly generated target of the current moment is generated by utilizing the measured data of the current moment, existence probability is assigned for the marginal distribution, and the marginal distribution and existence probability thereof are respectively merged with the updated marginal distribution and existence probability thereof so that the marginal distribution and the existence probability thereof of the current moment are generated; and the marginal distribution of which existence probability is less than a first threshold value is cut off in the generated marginal distribution of the current moment, the cut-off marginal distribution and existence probability thereof act as input of recursion of the next moment, and the marginal distribution of which existence probability is greater than a second threshold value is extracted to act as output of the current moment simultaneously.


In a couple context, a social allergen is a behavior that irritates one's partner and tends to increase as a romantic relationship continues. Given that smartphones are a constant companion for many people, their use in the presence of one's romantic partner is pervasive and can have important implications for relationships. The present research focuses on relationship length and partner phubbing and investigates the mediating role of passion and deromantization on the social allergen of partner phubbing. Study 1 surveyed 250 married adults and found that relationship length is negatively associated with romantic passion which, in turn, is positively associated with perceptions of partner phubbing. Although the literature on social allergens would suggest a positive effect of relationship length on partner phubbing, Study 1 showed no significant main effect of relationship length on phubbing. As an attempt to explain this seeming anomaly, we drew from the attachment theory to propose an additional mechanism underlying this relationship. Study 2 (

 n
 =
 250

 married adults) then tests an expanded model that includes attachment anxiety as an additional mediator. Results show that relationship length is associated with lower attachment anxiety which is in turn associated with less perceived partner phubbing. Overall, the results show support for a dual process model, such that romantic passion and attachment anxiety differentially underlie the path between relationship length and perceived partner phubbing. The findings provide important insights into better understanding partner phubbing as a social allergen over the course of marital relationships.


The specific characteristics and operations of microgrid cause protection problems due to high penetration of distributed energy resources. To resolve these issues, the proposed scheme employs the Hilbert transform and data mining approach to protect the microgrid. First, the Hilbert transform is used to preprocess the faulted voltage and current signals to extract the sensitive fault features. Then, the obtained data set of the extracted features is input to the logistic regression classifier for fault detection. Later, fault classification is done by training the AdaBoost classifier. In the proposed scheme, the simulation results for feature extractions are evaluated on a standard International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) medium voltage microgrid, compatible with MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment, whereas, Python is used for training and testing of data mining model. The results are evaluated under grid-connected and islanded modes for both looped and radial configurations by simulating various fault and no-fault cases. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed logistic regression and AdaBoost classifier is higher when compared to decision tree, support vector machine, and random forest methods. The results further validate the robustness of the proposed method against the measurement noise.


ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the Local Binary Patterns and its various important variants. LBP is a non-parametric descriptor and used to extract, analyze, recognize and classify the different modality images. It summarizes the local patterns of image characteristics efficiently. LBP and its many extended versions have been extensively used in numerous applications of computer vision, image processing, pattern recognition and biomedical field in recent years. Very discriminative and computationally efficient local texture descriptors based on local binary patterns (LBPs) is studied, which led to significant progress in applying texture methods to different problems and applications. The efficiency and usability of the LBP operator and its success in various real world applications has inspired the development of much new powerful LBP variants. In this paper, the important extensions of LBP using local structure of the image are extensively reviewed. Keywords: Local binary pattern, texture, LBP, LTP


The mandibles of several mayfly larvae have been investigated in order to reconstruct the groundplan of the mandibular muscles and of the mandibular articulation of Ephemeroptera. The results indicate the presence of three points of mandibular attachment to the cranium in the groundplan of Ephemeroptera. The posterior point of articulation in mayflies corresponds to the posterior (primary) mandibular joint of other Dicondylia. The remaining two points of attachment together form an anterior articulation complex made up of an anterolateral and a posteromedial part. These attachment points of the mayfly mandible are compared with the condition in silverfish. It is shown that in Zygentoma there is a similar anterior articulation complex present. This is interpreted as a groundplan character of Dicondylia. The posteromedial part of this complex in both Zygentoma and Ephemeroptera probably is the homologue of the anterior (secondary) mandibular joint of the remaining Dicondylia. The anterolateral part is secondarily modified in mayflies, where it forms a device to withstand the chewing pressure during adduction of the mandible. The primary mandibular articulation in both mayflies and silverfish is elongated and located dorsally to the secondary one, which results in an oblique axis of mandibular movement. In contrast to this plesiomorphic arrangement, the remaining Dicondylia have developed an almost horizontal axis of mandibular movement as well as a tight ball-and-socket type of mandibular articulation. As a consequence of the tightened mandibular articulation, the anterior articulation complex has been simplified in these groups, and a subgenal ridge is developed. The mandibular musculature of Ephemeroptera and Zygentoma is plesiomorphic in retaining several mandibulo-tentorial muscles as well as two cranial abductor muscles. In all other pterygote lineages the dorsal tentorial muscles are lost, and only a single cranial abductor muscle is present. The mandibular muscles of the silverfish Tricholepidion gertschi show additional plesiomorphies, namely the lack of a mandibulo-hypopharyngeal muscle and the retention of a ligamentous transverse tendon. The groundplan of the dicondyle insect mandible is reconstructed, and the phylogenetic significance of this character complex is discussed. The mandibles of both Zygentoma and Ephemeroptera do not show any traces of segmentation, thus the assumption of a telognathic insect mandible thereby cannot be supported. The distribution of all investigated mandibular characters support a sistergroup relationship between Ephemeroptera and the remaining pterygote orders, the Metapterygota.


Recently there have been studies on condensing endogenous corticosteroids and their analogs with various natural and synthetic amino acids, with the aim of developing biologically active compounds with novel properties [i, 2, 4-6]. Thus we know that 21-esters of corticosteroids with methionine and other sulfur-containing amino acids, with the terminal amino groups protected by acetyl or carbobenzoxyl groups, possess anti-inflammatory properties [6]. Esters of cortisol and prednisolone with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl derivatives of amino acids (alanine and others) have been obtained which inhibit tumor growth [2]. Acetylation products of the 21-hydroxyl group of prednisolone and triamcinolone with 4-Nacetylaminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid 4-chloroanhydride possess antianaphylactic and anti-inflammatory activities [i].


The State of Wisconsin is losing manufacturing employment in the non-upholstered wood household furniture industry due to foreign competition. By interviewing furniture companies in the State of Wisconsin, and by using qualitative information gained through these interviews, opinions as to the status of the current industry were gathered. Results of the interviews substantiated previously suggested means for company survival and further expressed the insights and opinions of industry representatives.


In secondary erythrocytosis, the elevated red cell count is powered by factors outside the erythroid compartment, for instance by raised erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis based on congenital defects of the oxygen‐sensing pathway. The principal transcriptional regulator of EPO synthesis is endothelial PAS domain‐containing protein 1 (EPAS 1).


This paper intends firstly to present how digital switching was introduced into the French network nearly ten years ago and what are the main advantages brought by digital switching systems. Various cases in the network such as trunk or local exchanges are examined; general as well as particular advantages are shown. Secondly, the technical requirements for these exchanges are described; an emphasis is put on the specific aspects of digital switching. Digital switching systems already in operation or on the verge of being commissioned are outlined. Finally, different tables give information concerning mainly the number of subscriber lines connected to class 3 and 4 digital exchanges by the end of 1978.


The structure of IPM is introuced,and the drive circuit,protection circuit and buffer circuit based on PM200DSA060 are given.At last,the application of IPM in inverter also given.


is considered. The properties of space groups and subgroups are given in terms of an algebraic rather than a geometric description. In this algebraic description, 6 is equivalent to one of the standard listings through a similarity transformation consisting of a linear unimodular component and a translation. A general algorithm is presented to determine which standard listing corresponds to subgroup G . The algorithm is applied to a specific example, a subgroup of D3d.


Nigeria had her first election in 1922 under the Clifford's Constitution. Since then, under different dispensations, elections are held to fill various positions in both the legislative and executive arms of government. Elections in Nigeria are largely characterized with violence leading to loss of lives and wanton destruction of properties. Also, political parties are adorned with ethnic and regional colouration. Consequently, voters are largely ethnically and regionally biased in an attempt to put into office "one of their own." This is the principal basis for the widespread electoral violence witnessed since independence in 1960. Successive governments have made frantic efforts to de-ethnicize and de-regionalize political contests and consequently achieve violence free and credible elections, particularly since the commencement of the Fourth Republic. These efforts have not achieved much in terms of stemming the occurrence of electoral violence. The corollary is fragmentation of the polity along ethno-religious and regional lines, thereby creating political instability and attendant inhibition of national cohesion since independence, six decades ago. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to show that electoral violence and the resultant political instability negatively affect national cohesion. The study adopted the State Compromise Paradigm to explain the need for sincerity among the political leaders of the different ethnic groups in the discharge of their duties and responsibilities in order to achieve national cohesion. The study relied mainly on secondary data focusing on political instability and weak national cohesion in the country. The study revealed that efforts at de-ethnicizing and de-regionalizing political contests as well as discouragement of violence in political contestation with ethno-religious bias had not yielded much positive results in the country. The paper concludes that unless and until electoral contestation in Nigeria is violence free, enduring political stability and national cohesion may remain unattainable. The study recommends, among other things, that state institutions should function for the benefit of all citizens, political leaders should avoid fanning the embers of ethnicity during elections and government should put in motion a sincere policy and programme for national cohesion.


Classification rule mining is used to discover a small set of rules in the database to form an accurate classifier. Association rules mining are used to reveal all the interesting relationship in a potentially large database. For association rule mining, the target of the discovery is not predetermined, while for classification rule mining there is one and only one predetermined target. These two techniques can be integrated to form a framework called Associative Classification method. The integration is done by focusing on mining a special subset of association rules called Class Association rules (CAR).This project paper proposes a Neural Network Association Classification system, which is one of the approaches for building accurate and efficient classifiers. Experimental result shows that the classifier build for iris plant dataset in this way is more accurate than previous Classification Based Association.


Aim: Historically, anterior decompression followed by posterior fusion has been the surgical management of choice in spinal tuberculosis. Due to theatre time being at a premium, we have evolved to performing anterior only debridement, allograft strut reconstruction and instrumentation for tuberculosis in the adult thoracic spine. The aim of this study is to review the safety and the efficacy of this treatment. Methods: Twenty-eight adult thoracic tuberculosis patients were identified where anterior only surgery had been performed. These were all in the mid-thoracic spine as circumferential surgery is still favoured in thoracolumbar disease. The surgery was performed by a single surgeon at a tertiary hospital. Following transthoracic aggressive debridement, allograft humeral shafts were cut to size and inserted under compression and the spines instrumented with the use of screw-rod constructs into the body above and below. A retrospective review of clinical notes and radiological studies was performed. Results: Twenty-seven of the patients presented with altered neurology; 2 had only sensory changes while 25 presented with paraparesis; 22 of these patients were unable to walk. The average surgical time was 2 hours 20 minutes with a median blood loss of 726 ml. The majority of patients had 2 vertebral bodies involved and required an average of a 4 body fusion. Surgical complications included inadvertent opening of the diaphragm in 1 patient and 1 patient deteriorated neurologically post operatively. 21 of 28 patients recovered to independent mobility at their latest follow-up appointment. 1 patient showed no recovery, 3 had some motor recovery that was not useful, 1 had some sensory but no motor recovery. 16 of 28 patients have documented bony fusion with no evidence of instrumentation failure in any patients. Conclusion: Anterior only debridement, allograft strut reconstruction and instrumented fusion for the treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis is a safe and effective alternative to circumferential surgery in the adult patient.


A peach-faced lovebird with abnormal red feathers was used as a validated case for diagnostic therapy, and an improvement in the feather color was dependent on Thyradin administration. In addition, Thyradin was administered to 19 lovebirds with abnormal red feathers, and the feather color improved in all cases. To resolve the pathogenesis of this condition, epidemiological information and blood test data were collected for all the birds. This pathological condition is common in older female birds with obesity and strong estrus. High values of alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were obtained in all cases; however, these abnormal values may be due to estrus. The present study findings suggest that hypothyroidism is close-ly related to the appearance of abnormal red feathers.


Both the deficiency and the excess of trace elements can severely damage of the central nervous system. In particular, recent studies have suggested the implication of aluminum and zinc in the pathogenesis of senile-type dementia including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. We investigated the neurotoxicity of aluminum on primary cultured cerebrocortical neurons and found several abnormal changes similar to those observed in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, we found that zinc caused the death of cultured neurons, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanism. We also found that disruption of Ca homeostasis may underlie the molecular mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by aluminum or zinc. Our results indicate the significance of trace elements in the brain function and suggest their implications in the pathogenesis of senile-type dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular type dementia.


The tower clock has served European communities beginning in the 14th century and American towns since the 18th century. Although the early clocks acted as audible alarms, they progressed to feature time dials and synchronized melodies from struck bells. The mechanical tower clock consists of gear trains, escapement, pendulum, driving weights, large dials with hour/minute hands, and bell(s) with striking mechanism. These clock components offer excellent examples of fundamental engineering concepts and control system principles. In this paper, a Seth Thomas Graham deadbeat escapement tower clock has been investigated. A brief survey of the societal impact of horology technology has been offered to motivate the study. The general operation of a weight driven tower clock has been reviewed and the governing mathematical equations discussed. Representative numerical and experimental results have been presented and discussed to validate the model.


The paper presents experimental identification of the elastic constants of two types of carbon fibers composites with the same stacking sequence but made of different carbon fabrics (plain and twill). The two materials are the face sheets of a sandwich structure. For accurate strain measurements biaxial strain gauges have been applied on standard specimens. Tensile modulus was measured on specimens with the warp fibers parallel to the load and specimens with warp fibers perpendicular to the load. Shear proprieties required specimens with a 45° orientation of fibers with the loading directions. Four-point bending test completed the analyses. The obtained values can be used for homogenization of a sandwich material or in the numerical simulations of composite parts.


The gelatin acrylamide graft copolymer was synthesized and separated by gel filtration chromatography. The influence of preparative condition (the ratio of gelatin and acrylamide, the usage of initiator, the reaction time and temperature) on the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the products was investigated, their varieties were also investigated by following the reaction process.


Isochoric thermal conductivity of rare gas solids is analyzed within Debye approximation. The temperature dependences of isochoric thermal conductivity of solid Ar, Kr, and Xe are explained in the framework of a model where heat is transferred by phonons and above phonon mobility edge by "diffusive" modes migrating randomly from site to site. The mobility edge ω0 is determined from the condition that the phonon mean free path restricted by the Umklapp processes cannot become smaller than half the phonon wavelength.


The paper mainly discussed the application of Apriori model in medical decision support system.Apriori model is the mining model for single dimensional association rules,and it is mainly used to explore the knowledge from the present database so that the managers of the hospital can manage the hospital through the explored knowledge.The Apriori calculation for association rules is applied to this model.


In March this year, as one of his last acts as Minister of Local Government, Nick Smith launched a broad swathe of reform for the local government sector. Among the drivers for change he cited were rapidly rising rates, unacceptable council debt levels, and an overly broad mandate that allowed councils to neglect their knitting. Marieke Hilhorst talked to some people who have a deep interest in what unfolds, and found that, while all support change that will improve the sector, they're not convinced the Government has got it right.


Based on the problem of concrete bridge deck failure in extreme the environmental of blizzard, the influencing factors of critical strength of the concrete bridge deck in different water-cement ratio, the failure mode and failure mechanism of concrete in freeze-thaw are systematic analyzed. And the working mechanism resisting the freeze-thaw damage of polyacrylonitrile fiber reinforced concrete materials is studied. Finally the polyacrylonitrile fiber concrete materials are applied to bridge deck structure, which can improve the service life. It provides reasonable suggestions to reinforcement and design of bridge deck.


YOU LISTEN TO PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH, the only way Mexicans can avoid the deadly and illegal trip across the US border is to come as guest workers temporary contract laborers for US industry and agriculture. The 8-14 million immigrants already living in the US without visas, he says, must become guest workers themselves if they want to get legal documents. While the president's proposal is the most extreme of those before Congress (and has not yet been formally introduced) , all the other bills that would reform US


The frequency of farmers' land transaction and district economic development demonstrate a straight proportionality in West China Ethnic Minorities Area. The frequency is higher in economically more developed area than in economically less developed area. Whereas the acquirers are mostly ethnic Han Chinese and sellers are mostly ethnic minority Chinese. The farmers' land transaction is mainly influenced by the following factors, namely, individual occupation interest, management ability in agriculture, term of land use rights, proficiency in agricultural technology and inter-personal communication skills, etc.


This thesis focuses on the development of a new modular 6 DOF hybrid manipulator. A hybrid manipulator consists of the synergistic combination of serial and parallel manipulator architectures. It incorporates the good performance characteristics of a serial manipulator (larger work space and dexterity) and a parallel manipulator (higher rigidity and loading capacity/self-weight ratio). The hybrid manipulator under study includes a 3 DOF symmetric planar manipulator as a base platform over which a 3 DOF serial manipulator was placed with an appropriate endeffector. The objective of the thesis was to fabricate the above-described manipulator and develop control algorithm for manipulation. The research work started with kinematic (forward and inverse) and dynamic analysis of parallel and serial manipulators was carried analytically and computationally in MATLAB. The results of which were required for configuration selection, design optimization, motion analysis and simulation of the hybrid manipulator. From the analysis results, the planar base and serial arm manipulator was fabricated. The prototype developed was controlled in real time through MATLAB-Sim Mechanics Arduino Interface. The inverse kinematics was solved by MATLAB and servo control was established via Arduino. The algorithm developed for manipulation was verified alongside computational simulation and experiments


Polynomials are widely used in scientific computing and engineering. In this paper, we present an accurate and fast compensated algorithm to evaluate bivariate polynomials with floating-point coefficients. This algorithm is applying error free transformations to the bivariate Horner scheme and sum the final decomposition accurately. We also prove the proposed algorithm's accuracy with forward error analysis that the accuracy of the computed result is similar to the result computed by the bivariate Horner scheme in twice the working precision. Numerical experiments illustrate the behavior and it has higher efficiency than the bivariate Horner scheme implemented in double-double library.


This paper gives a survey of ten commercial product tests performed between 1970 and 1983. The purpose of these tests was to compare growth, body composition and meat quality traits of pigs from the commercial level of breeding schemes recognized or approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. They were carried out in central progeny testing stations according to an experimental design similar to that of the incomplete balanced blocks. A total of 22 schemes were evaluated, most of them several times. On an average, each scheme was evaluated on the basis of a sample of 116 terminal products born from 40 sires and 58 dams. The overall survey shows that there is a rather large variation between schemes, which justifies the usefulness of such a system of evaluation. The satisfactory repeatability of the successive scheme results shows that the reliability of this system in France is rather good. The difference between the performance of the purebred Large White population (UPRA) used as a control in all tests and the mean performance of the breeding schemes tends to decrease indicating a better control of selection and crossbreeding procedures in the latter schemes. Fattening and carcass performances as well as meat quality of 500 pigs born from five types of boars : LW (Large White), LR (French Landrace), P X LW (1' : Pietrain), LRB X LW (LRB : Belgian Landrace) and P77 (Pen Ar Lan) and from crossbred LW X LR sows, were tested in field conditions during 4 trials (3 genotypes per trial). Pigs were slaughte-red (2 slaughters per trial) and cut in the same place. Hams from the same genotype were processed into first quality " Paris Ham " (measurement of the anatomical and technological yields). The main results obtained show that :


In light of a recent revelation that Gersten (1985) included erroneous information on one of two programs for English Language Learners (ELLs), the authors re-calculate results of their earlier meta-analysis of program effectiveness studies for ELLs in which Gersten's studies had behaved as outliers (Rolstad, Mahoney & Glass, 2005). The correction resulted in a change in mean effect size from .08 to .19 for all outcome measures, from -.06 to .14 for (English) reading, from .08 to .17 for (English) math, and from -.01 to .10 for all Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE) studies. The revelation of Gersten's coding error, and the inconsistency of Gersten's studies with other effect" suppresses results favoring TBE in these studies. Removing Gersten's studies from the meta-analysis renders an effect size of 0.17 for TBE, nearly as high as for Developmental Bilingual Education (DBE). The authors argue that the most informative result is the effect size reported for studies involving ELLs in both treatment and control groups, with an average effect size for TBE of 0.23. The new analysis therefore strengthens the conclusions previously reached in the authors'original research supporting TBE over English-only approaches, and DBE over TBE.


This paper introduces three kinds of the goniometric methods, makes comparison of the three kinds of goniometric methods, and puts forward some suggestions for reducing the errors and increasing the measurement accuracy.


Introduction. At present, the issue of production of health-improving dairy products is topical. The aim of the research is to develop the technology of producing dairy with a disired consistency, balanced in vitamins, enriched with microelements and antioxidants and to optimize the parameters of pasteurizing and crushing pips to prevent the shell particles into the product.
Materials and Methods. The object of the study is the technology of producing therapeutic milk-based product, the processes of pasteurization of milk and crushing of the ziziphus component without damaging the stones. For this purpose, it is important to choose the optimal design-mode parameters of the crusher. The methodology of the experiment on the rotary crusher consisted of controlling the rotor speed and the gap between the movable and not movable ribs of the crusher. We proposed a design scheme allowing crushing fruits without damaging the stone.
Results. The obtained data allowed us to formulate recommendations for optimizing the temperature of pasteurization of raw milk materials in terms of forming the specified rheological properties. It is suggested to use pectin-containing ziziphus fruits to form necessary consistency of yogurt (kefir). The kinematic parameters of the device for crushing ziziphus fruits without damage to the stones have been determined.
Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the product viscosity dependence on pasteurization temperature shows that the maximum product viscosity is obtained at pasteurization temperature 81–85 °C. To prevent the destruction of the shells of the stones when separating the pulp, the speed of the crusher ribs should not exceed the characteristic speed of the stones, that is in the range from 4.5 to 10.5 m/s.


Intermittent warming (IW) cycles slow down the physiology of fresh horticultural commodities, thereby extending their storage life. We investigated the effects of IW on physiological disorders, physicochemical, sensory parameters and the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of pomegranate (Punica granatum; cv. Wonderful) fruit during a 3-month cold storage period. Pomegranate fruit batches were subjected to IW cycles of 3d at 5°C, followed by 1 d at 20°C (IW 3d) and 6 d at 5°C, followed by 1 d at 20°C (IW 6d). During cold storage at 5°C, fruit samples were transferred to shelf-life conditions at 20°C for 4 d before analysis was performed monthly. Continuous fruit mass loss was observed across all treatments during storage but was highest (p < 0.05) for untreated samples at the end of this study. Fruit decay was minimized by 15% and 16% for IW 3d and IW 6d, respectively, compared to 42% for the control. In contrast, a higher incidence of chilling injury was observed in the treated fruits than in control. Therefore, IW 3 d at 5°C is recommended for decay reduction in pomegranate fruit (cv. Wonderful) and shelf-life extension for up to 3 months of storage.


In this paper, the fluorescence spectra of porphyrinanthraquinone, porphyrin-an-thraquinone Zn(Ⅱ), and parent porphyrin were studied by means of fluorescence. The ener-gy of singlet excited state(Es), fluorescence quantum yield and quench percentage were esti-mated. It is demonstrated by the data of fluorescence quench that the intramolecular electron transfer, which leads to the formation of intramolecular electric charge separating-state, oc-curred under excitation of light indeed. In the meantime, the effects of axial coordination and solvent on fluorescence property of PAQ compounds were studied.


or U Nu himself. There was constant communication between the divided segments of the independence movement, and Ba Maw himself could be called upon by the rebels in the field for all kinds of assistance. If Ba Maw overstayed the game on the Japanese side, it was because he misread the power and direction of the wave of history, not because he preferred the Japanese. Another important picture that emerges from these pages is that of the Japanese


PURPOSE
Positive patient outcomes with the use of aggressive concurrent chemoradiotherapy have been shown for classical and mesenchymal glioblastoma multiformae (GBM) subtypes, while not having the same positive effect for patients with neural and proneural subtypes. Quantitative MR Imaging features from multimodal MRI have been recently explored for GBM subtype classification with some promising results. We have integrated 3D textural and moment invariant features to investigate if these will strengthen the association between glioblastoma MR image features and genomic markers.

METHODS
147 subjects with a complete set of T1, T1C (post-contrast T1), T2, and FLAIR imaging modalities without significant imaging artifacts acquired prior to surgery and with a known genomic subtype (Classical: 30, Mesenchymal:47, Neural:25, and Proneural:45) were chosen from TCIA database for GBM. The subject data were preprocessed and tumor and edema were contoured for the entire volume. Features were extracted from the segmented multi-modal data. These 3D features include volume, surface area, surface roughness, moment invariants, intensity statistics, and texture features. Feature selection and classification was performed using random forest. Features were extracted from the four modalities and difference fields of T1C-T1 and FLAIR-T2.

RESULTS
Random forest out-of-bag classification error of 23.91% was achieved in the classification of mesenchymal group from the proneural group using the top twenty-eight selected features. These imaging features were primarily texture features on T1C but also include a moment invariant of T1, and ROI roughness statistics of the tumor and of the edema ROIs. These features show that tumor heterogeneity, gross shape, as well the tumor and edema border smoothness distinguish the molecular subtypes.

CONCLUSION
Using heterogeneous MRI data from the TCIA GBM database we have shown a 76% correct classification rate for GBM genomic subtypes with the same treatment protocol. Imaging features may lead to preoperative classification for improved treatment planning.


The thiophene-quinoxaline donor-acceptor conjugated copolymer poly[(thiophene-2,5-diyl-alt-(2,3-diheptylquinoxaline-5,8-diyl)] (PTHQx) was explored as a semiconductor in thin-film organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). A hole mobility of 3.6 × 10 -3 cm 2 . V -1 . s -1 and an on/off current ratio of 6 × 10 5 were observed in p-channel OFETs made from spin-coated PTHQx thin films. The electronic structures of PTHQx and a related thiophene-thienopyrazine donor-acceptor copolymer were calculated by density functional theory. Atomic force microscopy of PTHQx thin films showed a polycrystalline grain morphology that varied with the substrate.