Disclosed are a system and method of recognizing a travelled lane of a vehicle, which recognize a currently travelled lane by using an image obtained through a camera of a vehicle or information received from a road system. Further, the system and the method detect whether the vehicle changes a lane by using sensing data of the vehicle, current location information, road map data, and the like, and when it is confirmed that the vehicle changes a lane or enters a new lane, the system and the method make the vehicle immediately recognize a currently travelled lane by combining information about the change of a lane or the new lane with information about the first recognized travelled lane. Accordingly, the present invention may make a vehicle recognize a travelled lane even when it is difficult to recognize a lane by a camera, and rapidly obtain information about the change of a lane and an entry lane, thereby determining a final lane. Further, the present invention provides a corresponding vehicle and surrounding vehicles with information about the final lane, so that the information may be utilized in an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) or a V2V application service.


A simple demountable hollow cathode for atomic absorption spectroscopy has been developed which involves very little cost and is simple to construct. The performance of the demountable lamp was compared with commercial lamps for the elements zinc, chromium, and nickel. The lamps were found to be almost identical with respect to stability, precision of data, detection limits, and analytically useful ranges for these three elements. It is felt that use of this demountable hollow cathode can greatly extend the number of elements which can be determined by atomic absorption for a laboratory unable to invest in commercial hollow cathodes.


Four kinds of mycorrhizal fungi were infected to the transplanted blueberry seedlings.After 20 days,the survival rate,the seedling height,the number of leaves per plant,the leaf area and the number of branches were detected.The results showed that BNEM0101 and BBEM0101 could obviously increase the survival rate,seedling height,number of leaves and leaf area compared to the CK.BBEM0101 could promote the growth of blueberry mostly,and the next were BNEM0101 and BBEM0103.BNEM0105 inhibited blueberry growth.In conclusion,the peak of promoting effect of efficiency fungi on blueberry growth appeared in about 30 days after infection.


Clostridium acetobutylicum P262 had phosphotransferase systems for glucose and lactose, and the lactose system was inducible. When C. acetobutylicum P262 was provided with glucose and lactose, the cultures grew in a diauxic fashion, and glucose was used preferentially. Cells grown on lactose took up thiomethylgalactoside, and retained this non-metabolizable lactose analog for long periods of time. Because glucose inhibited thiomethylgalactoside uptake and caused the efflux of thiomethylgalactoside that had already been taken up, it appeared that C. acetobutylicum P262 had inducer exclusion and inducer expulsion mechanisms similar to those found in lactic acid bacteria.


In order to specify the operation characteristics of a transverse-flow cw CO2 laser employing a negative branch unstable resonator with an internal field limiting aperture (self-filtering unstable resonator - SFUR); diffraction type analysis providing mode distributions and power extraction has been made with taking into account the nonlinear medium gain influence on the resonator properties.


The grids,with resolution of 30m×30m,are chosen as the evaluation unit,and 16indicators are selected to build up the index system of eco-security evaluation under the framework of Pressure-Status-Response model in this study.The factor weights are determined by the AHP.The spatial expression of each index in the evaluation system is shown,and used to build the evaluation model of ecological security based on grid data and achieved by the spatial-overlay technology.Then the gridding data of every ecological security index in recent years and result running out from the evaluation model can be acquired with the software of GIS.Results show that the ecological status is in good condition in Zengdu as a whole,and the ecological security condition is significant differences within the region.This difference is shown roughly as the four-ring pattern,and value of ecological security increase from the inside to the outside.This result is consistent with the truth,and can be used as reference for the regional ecological construction and sustainable development.


Recently there has been a large amount of interest in developing molecular electronic devices to supplement CMOS computational technology, particularly in the areas of sensing and high density memory. Much of the work that has been done in the area has focused on metal-molecule-metal device structures [1]. Semiconductor contacts offer several advantages over metal contacts: the physics of electron transport in many semiconductor systems is relatively well understood, the electronic properties of the contact can be tailored through doping to better probe the molecule, and more stable covalent bonding chemistries can be used.


In research, training and entertainment industries, simulators are used to replicate human perception of vehicle motion in a safe and customizable environment. The perception of self- motion of the driver inside the simulator is improved by the presence of motion cues generated by a motion system. However, direct feedthrough of these vehicle cues require movements of the system that exceed the physical capabilities of its actuators. Therefore, a control process must be realized that translates these movements, this is typically the objective of a motion cueing algorithm. In this thesis a Model Predictive Control (MPC) based cueing algorithm is developed which transforms simulated vehicle cues into motions exerted on a motion system, while maintaining a realistic driving experience. It balances a trade-off between the perception fidelity of the generated cues and the usage of workspace, where models of the vestibular system are used to simulate the driver's perceived motions. One of MPC's benefits is the use of a receding horizon principle, which is characterized by a repeated optimization of control actions over a future prediction interval. The algorithm uses a Single DOF Excursion (SDE) analysis to be aware of the available size of the workspace and adapts its generated cues accordingly. Hence, adaptive weights and constraints are applied in order to manage the motions within the changing workspace, where an adaptive converging constraints method finally matched the research objectives. This method is verified with different case studies, the robustness to different input signals, the washout of the workspace and the influence of known future vehicle motions on the response are investigated. Furthermore, the method is compared to cueing algorithms from both literature and industry. It shows a workspace washout with minimized motion perception, an accurate reference tracking for different input signals and a full exploitation of the workspace. Moreover, knowledge about the future vehicle accelerations resulted in an improvement of the reference tracking, a reduction in false cues and it triggered the use of preposition techniques. Finally, comparisons with acknowledged cueing algorithms show a less smooth response with spurious jerks, however larger onsets, better reference tracking, longer sustained accelerations, and more efficient workspace exploitations are observed for the MPC based method.


Flour from two rice cultivars, one (IR-64) with a high (28.6%) and the other (Agonibora) with a low (5.0%) amylose content, having 20% moisture, was extruded at different barrel temperatures (80–120C), through a twin-screw extruder at a constant feed rate (15 kg/h) and screw speed (400 rpm). The effect of barrel temperature and amylose content of rice extrudates on pasting and rheological properties were examined using rapid visco-analyzer and a coaxial cylinder system, respectively. Extrudates from low-amylose rice exhibited lower paste viscosity than from high-amylose rice. Different rheological models (Power law, Herschel–Bulkley, Bingham and Casson) were examined for the best description of the shear rate/shear stress data. The Herschel–Bulkley model fitted best (r ≥ 0.948–0.989, P ≤ 0.01) for the high-amylose rice, whereas the Power law model showed best fit (r ≥ 0.998–0.999, P ≤ 0.01) for the low-amylose rice extrudate. The end use of pregelatinized rice flour prepared by extrusion cooking depends on the pasting and flow behavior characteristics of its starch that are largely controlled by the amylose content of rice cultivar. The present work offers a general approach for characterization of pasting profile and rheological behavior of pregelatinized extruded rice flour. The extruded flour from low-amylose rice exhibited lower pasting and apparent viscosity than from the high-amylose one. The low-amylose rice extrudates render itself more suitable as a base material in food formulations where a high solid density per unit volume is required. The extrudate from high-amylose rice, on the other hand, could be used as a thickener in convenience foods such as soup mixes. The results obtained may be useful to food industries for development of newer food formulations based on extruded rice flour.


In this paper we obtain complete convergences for weighted sums of negatively superadditive dependent random variables. These results generalize the corresponding ones for negatively associated random variables. P 1 i=1 P(jXi i Cj > †) 0. By Borel-Cantelli lemma, this implies that Xn ! C almost surely (a.s.). The converse is true if fXn;n ' 1g are independent. Hsu and Robbins (1947) also proved that the sequence of arithmetic means of i.i.d. random variables converges completely to the expected value if the variance of the summands is flnite. The complete convergence plays an important role in probability limit theory and mathematical statistics, especially, in establishing the con- vergence rate. A new kind of dependence structure called negatively superadditive dependence was introduced by Hu (2000) based on the class of superad- ditive functions. Superadditive structure functions have important relia- bility interpretations, which describe whether a system is more series-like


A typical Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a collection of many low power sensor nodes. Each sensor node can sense the external events and communicate with other sensor node using sensing and communication range. Sensing-area coverage of a node is the region within which an event can be observed or detected. In order to maintain the adequate sensing-area coverage within the network by keeping the sufficient number of nodes in the ACTIVE state is one of the important design parameter in WSN. Most of the coverage protocols do not maintained an adequate number of ACTIVE nodes for energy-efficient sensing-area coverage within the network. In this paper, we propose energy-efficient Distributed Coverage Protocol (DCP) based on normalized sleep time by considering residual energy levels of ACTIVE nodes. DCP computes the optimal wake-up time of neighboring SLEEPing nodes due to which, SLEEPing nodes wake-up only close to the death of current ACTIVE nodes. This leads to lesser wake-ups which causes lower energy consumption and increased coverage lifetime. Our ns-2 simulations show that, the average energy consumption per node of DCP is lesser than 12% as compared to RBSP, CESS, respectively. Further, the coverage ratio of DCP is higher by 57% and 33% as compared to CESS and RBSP respectively. Hence, DCP is effective in ensuring higher sensing-area coverage while extending coverage lifetime.


The American public-school teacher has a monumental charge of socializing American youth (our greatest resource). A goal of socialization is to produce responsible, contributing citizens. This charge is expressed in various school districts' philosophies of education or goal statements. The obligation of adequately socializing our youth to be aware, to understand, and to interact successfully with a vast array of individuals and groups requires mastery of communication skills. Thus, it becomes the teacher's responsibility to educate children so that they are able to communicate with "the other." Here, "the other" is defined as any person differing from one's self. To analyze this mandate properly, we must recognize a variable acute in today's political arena. This variable is the conservative climate which dominates education in the 1980s. Conservative educational administration has charged educators to exact the basics for schooling and to evaluate the accountability of all practices in achieving these basics. This suggests that educators should clarify what is meant by socialization and the extent of communication skill development needed to foster proper socialization. Two concerns pivotal to the socialization mandate should be addressed. The first concern questions the appropriateness of socialization as a basic requirement of schooling. Obviously, if socialization is important enough to be placed in the formal documents of a school district (as the philosophies or goal statements), then we must agree that the charge to socialize is basic. The overriding rationale for socialization is that citizens must be capable of communicating with others if our nation is to survive in this age of


Abstract Some novel of 5-arylmethylideneamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-ylsulfanyl acetamide derivatives were synthesized by the S-alkylation of 5-arylmethylideneamino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles with chloroacetyl anilide under solid–liquid phase transfer catalysis using polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) catalyst in the presence of potassium carbonate. Some of the title compounds were investigated for plant growth-regulating activity. They were found to enhance root elongation remarkably at a low concentration. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the following free supplemental files: Additional figures and tables]. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In the maintenance task of steel-made infrastructure, such as bridges and towers, the rust removing process is one of the most dangerous and hard works for human beings. The robotic systems can provide a more efficient way to accomplish the tasks. However, the existing robotic systems cannot automatically remove the rust according to the rusted area condition during the rust removing process. As part of the solution, several rust detection methods were proposed. Although they can inspect the rust from a given image, the condition changes during the rust removing process affect the result obviously, which makes them difficult to be utilized in the real application. In our previous research, a rust detection method utilizing a sequence of digital images was proposed by observing the rusted area conditions during the rust grinding process. However, the ROI (Region of Interests) need to be manually set to estimate the change of the rusted area in the previous method. In this paper, we propose a method to determine the cleaned rusted region by an image processing technique with a low pass signal filter. The experiments were conducted on the developed rust grinding platform to show the validity of the proposed method.


Korea is rapidly entering an aging society with an increase in average life expectancy and low birth rate; and its government proposes various projects and policies for active aging at the national level. In particular, due to the increase of the elderly"s stay time in a house arising from their aging and their strong desire for Aging in place, many of policies and laws have been enacted regarding the plan for remodeling the elderly"s housing. However, such housing modification strategies only confined to the physical space have limitations in meeting the physical, mental and social requirements of the elderly. Considering that 90% of the elderly population suffers from chronic diseases, it is necessary to study a modification plan for the elderly-friendly housing according to symptoms of chronic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore houses modification strategies required by the elderly people with chronic diseases. The method of this study is as follows: First, literature and previous researches on chronic diseases and home modification plan of elderly people were reviewed and analyzed. Secondly, the research tool was developed based on the analysis and surveyed the elderly and new elderly with chronic diseases. Thirdly, on the basis of the results of the survey, modification strategies for the elderly-friendly housing considering chronic diseases were discussed. It is considered that this study can be used as a basic data for the housing modification for the healthy aging of elderly people by suggesting modification items and factors that are important for the elderly with chronic diseases.


Objective
The purpose of the study was to identify the most frequently used nursing diagnoses, interventions, outcomes and linkages using standardized nursing terminologies for elderly patients with abdominal external hernia surgery.

Methods
For this study a descriptive design was used. The frequently used NANDA-I, NIC, NOC, and NNN linkages were identified through 38 elderly patients with abdominal external hernia surgery who were admitted in hospital from March to August in 2014. Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0.

Results
The finding showed the most frequently used 5 nursing diagnoses were activity intolerance, impaired tissue integrity, deficient knowledge, chronic pain, and risk for falls, the frequency were 15.51% (38/245), 15.51% (38/245), 15.10% (37/245), 14.69% (36/245) and 14.69% (36/245), the most frequently used 5 nursing outcomes were activity tolerance, ambulation, tissue integrity (skin and mucous membranes), wound healing (primary intention) and knowledge (diet) the frequency were 10.05% (38/378), 10.05%(38/378), 10.05%(38/378), 10.05%(38/378) and 9.79%(38/378); the most frequently used 5 nursing interventions were environmental management (comfort), positioning, exercise therapy (ambulation,) incision site care and environmental management the frequency was all 6.96%(38/546). The most frequently used top 10 NNN linkages were also identified in this study.

Conclusions
The most frequently used NANDA-Ⅰ, NIC, NOC, and NNN linkages for patients with abdominal external hernia surgery from this study not only offer new knowledge to nurses but also provide scope of evidence-based nursing research in abdominal external hernia clinics.

Key words:
Hernia, Abdomen; Nursing diagnose; Nursing outcome; Nursing intervention; Linkage


We have tested an ultraviolet (200 nm) femtosecond laser ablation (200FsLA) sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICPMS) system for major and trace element analyses in anhydrous silicate glasses and minerals. Use of the 200FsLA minimized the matrix effect by 50% compared to that of a 193 nm nanosecond excimer LA. The origin of this improvement was identified as the suppression of 'melting point (MP)-induced' element fractionation at the LA site due to a decreased thermal effect of the 200FsLA. Sensitivity enhancement in elements with high first ionization energy remained for the basalt aerosols relative to silica-rich aerosols. This is interpreted as being due to the higher thermal conductivity of the basalt aerosols in the inductively coupled plasma enhanced ionization, which is essentially controlled by the first ionization energy of an element. This was confirmed by simulation using Saha's equation and by the analytical data after reduction of the MP-induced fractionation at the LA site. Accurate determination of trace elements (within 5% of accepted values) was achieved for MPI-DING glasses ranging from komatiite to rhyolite, using a single basalt glass BHVO-2G as the calibration standard. This method is also applicable to anhydrous silicate minerals such as plagioclase, pyroxenes, and garnet. However, SRM610 glass, which has a very different matrix compared to BHVO-2G, is preferred for zircon. Apart from this exception, the proposed method requires no external analytical techniques when the amounts of unmeasured elements in the materials, such as halogens or water, are negligibly low, which is the case for many geological materials.


interpreting the one are evident in the composition of the other. Both are characterized by the reality of death as an inescapable part of Christian life and the necessary ingredient in an as yet unresolved eschatological hope. This appeal provides simultaneously a way of ascertaining the correct meaning of the tradition and assessing the propriety of the Corinthian extension of that tradition. He has done nothing less than rely on his own construction of what it means to be an apostle to show why the 'apostolic' testimony to the tradition is authoritative. He is moved to do this not only by the substance, but also by the form of the Corinthian denial which is not confined to some mere failure to understand the gospel as Paul originally preached it, but itself seeks an argumentative platform in that gospel. Paul's response, therefore, cannot be limited to repeating formulas but must seek to establish the means by which the word itself is judged as rightly heard and rightly proclaimed. The norm to which Paul turns is none other than that of apostolicity as he understands it from his own personal experience. As such, this early and idiosyncratic evidence for appeal to apostolic authority differs widely from the later appeals of the Church, but it nevertheless may have established an important precedent. JOHN HOWARD SCHUTZ


The study of symmetric functions is quite an old one. From the time of Girard (1629) even up to the present day this sub. ject has occupied the attention of many eminent mathematicians. The theory of the roots of algebraic equations in one or more variables has furnished the chief incentive for the development of the theory of symmetric functions. Ingenious methods for computing symmetric functions in terms of what are called the elementary symmetric functions have been developed by Hammond, Brioschi, Junker, Dresden and others. Extensive tables of symmetric functions in terms of the elementary symmetric functions may be found in the literature. Symmetric functions play such a pre-eminenit role in the mathenatical theory of statistics and their computation by direct methods or by general formulas, even when assumptions restricting the groupings of the variates about the various means are made, is so excessively tedious that there has seemed to be need


Apart from the regular curricula in higher education, institutions increasingly offer additional initiatives or honours programmes for students to excel. Artevelde UAS wants to provide similar additional learning opportunities, in which the notion of excellence is based on reflection, self-direction and 'giving back' to stakeholders. This paper will provide an elaboration of these opportunities, based on three research questions: (1) What project or initiative can be considered as a valid and well-defined form of excelling, (2) How do we formally structure and organize this initiative or project, and (3) How can we evaluate and validate students' experiences of excelling? Students of (International) Business Management at Artevelde UAS can excel in three different ways: by professionalizing and becoming an expert in a certain topic or area, by becoming an ambassador for one particular 21st century skill that has been put forward and highlighted by Artevelde UAS in its mission (global citizenship, entrepreneurship or sustainability), or by cooperating with professional business partners in order to develop and implement a real-life project.


This paper presents the CONTRACT framework to address a fundamental deficiency of the IP network control plane, namely the lack of coordination between an IGP and other control functions involved in achieving a high level objective. For example, an IGP's default automatic reaction to a network failure may result in an SLA violation, even if the IGP link weights have been carefully chosen. This is because an IGP blindly routes traffic along the shortest paths based on link weights, and it is completely oblivious to the interactions between SLA compliance, load balancing and traffic policing objectives in a network. The CONTRACT framework makes it possible to coordinate these objectives. Under this framework, routers continue to operate autonomously, but they also coordinate their actions with a centralized network controller, which evaluates the impact of routing changes, decides whether the changes are SLA compliant, and performs load rebalancing and/or packet filter reconfiguration as necessary. The key contribution of CONTRACT is a set of coordination algorithms. We show that CONTRACT can effectively coordinate the actions of routing, load balancing and traffic policing to improve a network's SLA compliance.


Abstract Selective bioconversion of the aromatic methyl group to its aldehyde group is one of the best applications of the laccases. In the present communication, crude laccase, obtained from the liquid culture medium of the fungal strain Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC-1801, has been used for the selective bioconversion of toluene, 3-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 2-fluorotoluene, 4-fluorotoluene, 2-chlorotoluene, 3-chlorotoluene, 4-chlorotoluene, and 3,4-dimethoxytoluene to benzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-fluorobenzaldehyde, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, 3-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, respectively, in the presence of 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as a mediator molecule. Time taken by these conversions was 1–2 h, and average yield of products was more than 93%. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to present the MR and MR spectroscopy imaging findings of a 3,200-year-old preserved brain from an Egyptian mummy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this work, the morphology of the intact specimen was examined by MRI at 1.5 T. Chemistry of the intact specimens was studied by proton spectroscopy at 1.5 T and sodium nuclear MR (NMR) spectroscopy at 4.0 T. Biopsies from the temporal lobes were analyzed by proton and phosphorus NMR spectroscopy (14 T) or rehydrated and stained for paleohistologic study.

RESULTS
MRI showed a heterogeneous brain with convolutions, gyri, and air pockets. Paleohistology showed a uniform, disorganized cerebral substance with numerous eosinophilic structures and argentophilic granules. Spectroscopic studies identified bound sodium ions in the specimen and phosphate and free fatty acids in extracts.

CONCLUSION
MR techniques are a nondestructive method for the analysis of adipocere observed in a preserved mummy's brain.


WHAT makes a good dermatologist? Is it the man himself; is it his teacher; is it the institution he attends, or is it the course he pursues? What qualifications should he have to begin the study of dermatology and to enter the practice of the specialty? What can be gained from a review of training in the past? What is the best method of providing the knowledge which he should have to be a firstclass practitioner and consultant ? Where should he go to get this knowledge? These are samples of the questions which have been the concern of those who have had to do with the formulation of standards of specialty training in the last fifteen years. Every one will agree that the training of the dermatologist, like the training of any specialist, should be based on a broad background of general medicine. It is fundamental to the correct


After the introduction of fuzzy sets by Zadeh, there have been a number of generaizations of this fundamental concept. The notion of bipolar-valued fuzzy sets introduced by Lee is one among them. In this paper, we apply the concept of a bipolar- valued fuzzy set to quasi-associative ideals in BCI-algebras. The notion of a bipolar fuzzy quasi-associative ideal of a BCI-algebra is introduced, and some related properties are investigated. Char- acterizations of a bipolar fuzzy quasi-associative ideal are given. Extension property for a bipolar fuzzy QA-ideal is established.


Abstract Background: In order to contain the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy, a lockdown was issued in March 2020, which has forced people to spend much more time at home. While it is recognised that the associated change in life habits has changed their psychological well-being, quality of life also depends on physical well-being. This is particularly important for those with musculoskeletal conditions, such as spinal pain. Objectives: Recognising that spinal pain is a bio-psycho-social pathology, we developed a questionnaire to investigate potential associations between the level of disability caused by spinal pain (that arose or increased during the lockdown period) and the perception of the respondents with respect to the limitations of activities of daily living. Methods: In the absence of similar tools in the literature, a dedicated questionnaire tool was developed and piloted. It consists of 4 parts: two self-report questionnaires specially formulated for this study, and two already validated questionnaires. It was administered to 110 participants from 10 private rehabilitation facilities. All subjects were of age and had lumbar and/or cervical spine pain occurring before or during the lockdown period with non-traumatic etiopathogenesis. Results: The majority of participants perceived their spine pain as having arisen or increased during the lockdown period. The existence of a probable connection between this perception and the degree of disability at the time of the survey is confirmed by the contingency tables between this item of the second questionnaire and both disability scales which showed a statistically significant correlation. Conclusions: The survey tool was found to be valid in this population, and is recommended for further studies.


In this paper,dynamic modeling and application of the modal truncation approach(MTA) to a high-speed rotating thin elastic plate are studied.Based on continuum medium mechanics,the foreshortening displacement is kept in the deformation.The equations of a high-speed rotating plate are obtained using Jourdain's velocity variation principle and the finite element method(FEM) and MTA are used for discretization.Since the number of generalized coordinates is large when using the finite element method,MTA is usually used for improving computational efficiency and only lower-order modes are chosen.Furthermore,the comparison of the results obtained by the FEM and MTA shows that in the case of a high-speed rotation,using lower-order modes for modal truncation can cause error, addition of more modes may improve the result.At last,through the numerical comparison,the law for the MTA are revealed.


We study the Ramsey (1928) model under the assumption that households act strategically. We compute the Markov perfect equilibrium for this model and compare it to the original, competitive equilibrium and to a strategic open-loop equilibrium proposed by Sorger (2002, 2005b). We show that, if households are identical, strategic behavior has no influence on the long run evolution of the economy. If households are heterogeneous, however, the Markov perfect equilibrium has properties that differ from those of the competitive and the open-loop equilibrium.


The sheer display of reprehensible propensity on at large to discharge untreated waste, debris, scum and, in particular, municipal and industrial effluents into Ikpoba River has morphed into a situation whereby the assimilative capaci seeming quietism and clinical posture of the relevant Environmental Agency to this pathological condition is sickening and in any case seen as remiss on their part. This paper seeks to determine the assimilat the river with a view to articulating policy beings and humans. A combination of basic Streeter determination of the assimilative capacity and the maximum allowable biological oxygen demand (BOD) load discharged into the river from three identified point sources of wastewater and for three different seasons in Nigeria (i.e. rainy, dry and harmattan seasons). Results indicate that in all the segments studied, the Fair ratio (self purification factor) is less than unity, indicating the predominance of deoxygenation rate over reaeration rate. Reaeration rate ranges over all real values 0.718 day-1 and 0.839 day-1; a condition which indicates a poor assimilative capacity potential. Moreover, a higher assimilative capacity was obtained for rainy season for all the segme harmattan and dry season) showing an overall worse assimilative capacity and poor maximum allowable BOD 8.1x109, 1.28x1010 and 5.60x109 kg/day respectively. In a way, the determination of the assimilative capacity of Ikpoba River is a landmark in the history of the river pollution. It beggars belief that we live down the harrowing pathological condition of the river without recognizing it


Background: There are several methods of platelet count used in hematology laboratory. These methods are manual counting, automated hematology analyzer counting, platelet count estimation by peripheral blood smear (PBS) method etc. Many diseases such as dengue, malaria, pregnancy induced hypertension etc. may leads to severe thrombocytopenia. Timely and precise diagnosis of platelet count plays very crucial role in critical care management of thrombocytopenia cases. The present study was undertaken to estimate platelet counts by PBS method and correlate them with results from automated hematology analyzer method.Methods: Study included one hundred randomly collected blood samples in EDTA anticoagulant vacutainer tubes. Each blood sample was processed for platelet count estimation with automated hematology analyzer and Leishman's stained PBS examination. The statistical analysis was done by using Pearson's correlation test to access the agreement between both the methods.Results: The Pearson's correlation test showed significant positive correlation for platelet count estimation between both the methods. (r =0.9789).Conclusions: Platelet count estimation by PBS method is reliable and statistically significant when compared to hematology analyzer method. PBS platelet estimation method can be taken as early and rapid procedure for platelet assessment in critical severe thrombocytopenia cases. This method is simple, cheaper and can be done in rural hospital setup where automation is not available.


During the process of deepening reform of the hospital, how to break the unscientific management mode that restrain the development of hospital and explore the new way became the most important tasks for us. The text put forward the new visual angle of combining the competitive intelligence and hospital strategy management, namely the research of applied mode. It also clarified the reason of carrying out the research, the concept, and the character and research idea of applied mode, which would offer theoretical references for research of hospital modernization management.


India is known for Kautilaya's Arthasastra. This book was a guide book for efficient and effective management of kingdom, wherein king played the role of an enlightened leader. We have witnessed transitions in societies from the kingdoms to nations/ nation-state and emergence of corporations as dominant institutions leading to the idea of globalization. We have also witnessed industrial revolution, cyber/ knowledge revolution and now a new consciousness revolution. New consciousness is emerging with respect to many new challenges such as ecological challenges, wellness concerns, gender issues, question of ethics and values and good governance, sustainable growth, etc. This calls for a new thinking and a new sastra, that we refer to as 'New Earth Sastra' based on the idea of Holistic Development & Management (HDM).


A simple, yet robust route to prepare polymer nanoparticles with tunable internal structures through supramolecular assembly within emulsion droplets is presented. Nanoparticles with various internal morphologies, including dispersed spheres, dispersed spirals, stacked toroids, and concentric lamellae, are obtained due to the 3D confinement and variation of hydrogen-bonding agent. This method also allows us to form mesoporous particles through further disassembly of the supramoleclar assemblies by rupturing the hydrogen bonding.


The problem of low-thrust tangential thrusting along small-to-moderate eccentricity orbits in the presence of Earth shadow is analyzed. Given the orbital elements and the shadow geometry at the start of each revolution, the changes in the in-plane orbit elements after one revolution of intermittent thrusting are evaluated analytically for a given level of constant acceleration. These perturbation equations are valid for small-to-moderate eccentricities (0 e 0 2), except for theargument of perigee, which is valid forany eccentricity larger than 0.01 dueto thewellknown singularity at e = 0 associated with the use of the classical elements. When e is less than 0.01, a nonsingular setofequationsisused instead so thattheorbitiscontinuously updated with negligiblecomputational effort. These analytic guidance equations valid for low-thrust accelerations on the order of 10 4 g and less are developed for implementation in efe cient transfer simulation programs forsystems design optimization and preliminary mission analysiswork.Furthermore,fortheproblemofcontinuousconstantlow-thrusttangentialacceleration,theanalytic integrationoftheorbitequationsisshown tobeaccurateforseveraltensofrevolutionsin lowEarthorbitandabout 10 revolutions in geosynchronous Earth orbit. The analytic integration is further extended to include the effect of the Earth oblateness on the expanding orbit. This analytic long-term orbit prediction capability will minimize the computational loads of an onboard computer for autonomous orbit transfer applications and allow, among other things, the consideration of long multiorbit data arcs for analytic orbit determination updates, thereby decreasing considerably the frequency of these updates.


The essay analyzes the guiding function of A Guide to Success, which is the guide courses of Open Trial for English to BA series, and taking it as an example, the writer suggests building up other trial major guides as the latter works of entrance instruction in order to perfect teaching process and learning support service to improve the quality of distance education.


Abstract A fungus that grew over bed-logs of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and caused damage was isolated from mushroom-growing farms. The fungus produced extensive mat-like dark subiculum with ascomata in it and was identified as Nitschkia confertula. This is the first report in Korea and morphological characteristics are fully described.


The enantioselective oxidative C-H functionalization of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives is achieved through the merger of photoredox and asymmetric anion-binding catalysis. This combination of two distinct catalysis concepts introduces a potentially general approach to asymmetric transformations in oxidative photocatalysis.


[1120-71-4] C3H6O3S (MW 122.14)

InChI = 1S/C3H6O3S/c4-7(5)3-1-2-6-7/h1-3H2

InChIKey = FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(can be used as a protected form for sulfonic acid, sulfonamide, and sulfonate; is used for the functionalization of dyes, polymers, nucleosides, and proteins to improve their hydrophilicity; widely used for the preparation of different classes of surfactants)

Alternate Names: 3-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid γ-sultone; 1,2-oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide.

Physical Data: mp 30–33 °C, density 1.392 g mL−1 at 25 °C, bp 180 °C/30 mmHg.

Solubility: soluble in water (100 g L−1); soluble in most organic solvents including THF, dioxane, DMF, and diethyl ether. Insoluble in hexane and other aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Form Supplied in: white crystalline powder or colorless liquid depending on ambient temperature.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: should be protected from moisture. It reacts slowly with water to form 3-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid. It emits toxic fumes of sulfur oxides on decomposition. 1,3-Propanesultone is extremely carcinogenic and should be used in a hood and care should be taken while using this reagent.


We introduce "Hybrid Fortran," a new approach that allows a high-performance GPGPU port for structured grid Fortran codes. This technique only requires minimal changes for a CPU targeted codebase, which is a significant advancement in terms of productivity. It has been successfully applied to both dynamical core and physical processes of ASUCA, a Japanese mesoscale weather prediction model with more than 150k lines of code. By means of a minimal weather application that resembles ASUCA's code structure, Hybrid Fortran is compared to both a performance model as well as today's commonly used method, OpenACC. As a result, the Hybrid Fortran implementation is shown to deliver the same or better performance than OpenACC, and its performance agrees with the model both on CPU and GPU. In a full-scale production run, using an ASUCA grid with 1581 × 1301 × 58 cells and real-world weather data in 2km resolution, 24 NVIDIA Tesla P100 running the Hybrid Fortran–based GPU port are shown to replace more than fifty 18-core Intel Xeon Broadwell E5-2695 v4 running the reference implementation—an achievement comparable to more invasive GPGPU rewrites of other weather models.


The current paper presents an experimental investigation of the interaction between unsteady wakes and the separated boundary layer on the suction side of an ultra-high-lift low-pressure turbine airfoil. Two-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the unsteady boundary layer over the T106C LP turbine profile were performed in a low speed linear cascade facility, at selected phases of passing wakes. The wakes are created by moving cylindrical bars across the inlet of the test section. Various phenomena were investigated such as separation and transition characteristics, vortex structures within the unsteady boundary layer, their interaction and effects on the transition process, the corresponding vortex shedding mechanisms and the unsteady behaviour of the separation bubble due to the wake- boundary layer interaction. The current measurements suggest that rollup vortices are generated as the wake approaches the separated shear layer on the suction surface before the wake centerline starts impinging on the blade. At this instant, the bubble is sufficiently high for the free shear layer to roll up into a vortex and the incoming wake is highly distorted (strained) due to the velocity field within the blade passage, and the turbulence distribution within the wake is not symmetrical. Vortices within the boundary layer, identified using the swirl strength distributions calculated from the eigenvalues of the velocity gradient tensor, seem to be coalescing and forming bigger scale structures, which in turn break up into smaller but higher swirl strength eddies. In between the passing wakes, the separation bubble grows in both in height and length, trying to return to its steady state shape.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


For the active T-Taur star RW Aur A we have performed long-term (∼10 yr) monitoring observations of (1) jet imaging in the [Fe II] 1.644 μm emission line using Gemini-NIFS and VLT-SINFONI; (2) optical high-resolution spectroscopy using CFHT-ESPaDOnS; and (3) V-band photometry using the CrAO 1.25-m telescope and AAVSO. The latter two observations confirm the correlation of time variabilities between (A) the Ca II 8542 Å and O I 7772 Å line profiles associated with magnetospheric accretion, and (B) optical continuum fluxes. The jet images and their proper motions show that four knot ejections occurred at the star over the past ∼15 yr with an irregular interval of 2–6 yr. The timescale and irregularity of these intervals are similar to those of the dimming events seen in the optical photometry data. Our observations show a possible link between remarkable (ΔV < −1) photometric rises and jet knot ejections. Observations over another few years may confirm or reject this trend. If confirmed, this would imply that the location of the jet launching region is very close to the star (r ≲ 0.1 au) as predicted by some jet launching models. Such a conclusion would be crucial for understanding disk evolution within a few astronomical units of the star, and therefore possible ongoing planet formation at these radii.


The behavior of nonlinear analog circuits can be described by a set of differential algebraic equations (DAE). Since this equation system is getting very large, even for small circuits, symbolic analysis without approximation techniques is not practicable. Thus, an algorithm for automated simplification of nonlinear DAE systems has been developed and extended in the past years. In this paper we describe the extension of the simplification algorithm towards the control of the index: Since the index might change during simplification, it is important to undo responsible steps in order to retain the index of the original system. We describe different methods for computing the tractability index and discuss their practicability for controlling the index during simplification. The application of the index observer strategy is then shown on an example.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of non-performing loans on return on assets with a capital adequacy ratio as a mediator. This research is conducted at banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a total sample of 24 banks. Collecting data by observing the company's financial statements. The analysis technique used is path analysis. The results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between non-performing loans and capital adequacy ratio. The capital adequacy ratio has a positive and significant relationship with return on assets. Non-performing loan has a negative and significant relationship with return on assets. Based on the research results, it is proven that the Capital Adequacy Ratio mediates the effect of non-performing loans on return on assets.


A power control system for a wireless communications system adjusts the transmit power of a wireless transmitter in relation to a number of acknowledgments expected for radio transmissions over a wireless link. For example, a wireless unit monitors the number of acknowledgments it receives (or fails to receive) for radio packets that the wireless unit transmitted over the wireless link. The wireless unit determines the number of acknowledgments lost in relation to the number of acknowledgments expected to be received by the wireless unit. The number of acknowledgments expected by the wireless unit can be based on the number of radio packets transmitted by the wireless unit. If the number of ACKS lost/ number of ACKs expected is greater than a first threshold, the wireless unit increases the transmit power level. If the number of ACKs lost/ the number of ACKs expected is below a second threshold, the wireless unit decreases the transmit power level.


Owing to special structure and physiological characters,the bryophyte has been known as good bio-monitor for environmental pollution.The moss-bag method is a technique actively monitoring environmental quality and changes,by which the bryophytes collected from relatively clean region are made so-called moss-bags that are exposed in polluted area for certain period of times and the concentrations of chemical elements in the plants are determined after exposure.Since Goodman used this method for first time in 1971,the moss-bag method with its characteristic and advantages and mature technology has been widely used for monitoring environmental pollution in different countries worldwide.Based on survey of literature concerned and our research experience,the article introduced about the characteristic and advantages of the moss-bag method;the main technique used in the method including selecting moss species,making moss-bag,exposing and collecting moss-bags,determining chemical elements,the utilization of the method for monitoring different pollution etc.It is hoped the article will provide the new and useful information for monitoring environmental pollution by moss-bag method in China.


Purpose Idiopathic orbital inflammation is a rare clinical entity which has protean clinical manifestations. It's a diagnosis of exclusion which imposes a biopsy, and which can be made only after a screening to rule out a systemic etiology of inflammation.


1. Malbrain ML. Different techniques to measure intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP): Time for a critical re‐appraisal. Intensive Care Med 2004;30:357‐71. 2. Lasic LB, Devita MV, Spiegel PJ, Marino MD, Mellow M, Michelis MF. Refractory hypotension and edema caused by right atrial compression in a woman with polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:12. 3. Li Vecchi M, Buscemi S, Nardi E, Azzolina V, Provenzano R. A case of cardiac compression by hepatic cyst in a woman with polycystic kidney disease. Intern Emerg Med 2008;3:69‐71. 4. Chauveau D, Fakhouri F, Grünfeld JP. Liver involvement in autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease: Therapeutic dilemma. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:1767‐75.


Prostatic leiomyosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy with a high risk of metastasis and a poor prognosis that poses unique diagnostic and treatment challenges.


This paper reports on an on-going project on urban sustainability of the Valsequillo Lake in Puebla, Mexico and the Puerto Aura to be developed in this region. The purpose of the study is to build a simulation model to explore the dynamic interaction of the dimensions inherent in sustainable urban development. After a systematic review of Sustainable Urban Development (SUD) frameworks and tools used in various part of the world, the paper designs a model that considers the variables that intervene in SUD and proposes a System Dynamics model to simulate the dimensions that intervene in a sustainable development of this type and to anticipate the consequences of the decision making process. The structure and inter-relationships of the model sectors are described, the sustainability indicators in each sector explained; preliminary conclusions are drawn stating that a complete run of the model simulating a 20 years horizon in monthly periods is expected when the full data from the Puerto Aura master plan becomes available.


We compute the spin-glass order parameter, qEA, in the low-temperature phase of the D=3 Edwards-Anderson model. Our approach focuses on the connected spatial correlation function, regarded as a function of the spin overlap q. We investigate by means of Finite Size Scaling the phase transition suffered by this correlation function precisely at q=qEA. Thanks to the Janus dedicated computer, we include in the analysis equilibrium data for L=32 lattices, down to temperatures T=0.64Tc. We compute the exponent that rules finite size effects, which turns out to be compatible with the replicon exponent.


Gas pipelines are the most vital and commonly used method of transportation of fuel, water, gas. Any form of leak in the pipeline can be catastrophic to mankind, incurring huge financial losses. In this paper, an experimental study has been carried out with respect to a real-time monitoring on the pressure and the flow variations. A small section of the pipeline with valves is considered to generate a synthetic leak in a pipeline. The regulation of these valves can be used to monitor the effects of leak on pressure and flow parameters of the town gas. Town gas is widely used in household and industrial applications in Singapore. A systematic test has been performed to analyze the irregularities due to leak. The performance and the magnitude of the signals will help in defining the effects due to leak location and valve operation.


A frequency tripler from 70 GHz to 210 GHz semi-insulating GaAs substrate is characterized. Single-barrier varactors with symmetrical capacitance-voltage characteristics are chosen as non-linear devices which simplifies the total tripler circuit, i.e. no idler and bias circuits are necessary. The varactors are monolithically integrated and connected by an air bridge. The matching network is realized by a microstrip network next to the varactor and fine tuning is obtained by backshorts in input and output waveguides. The whole circuit including the varactor is computed at the fundamental and harmonic frequency using a simulation program for the device and a finite element program for the circuit, respectively. The aim of this work is to optimize the matching network to achieve maximum tripler performance. Two different matching networks have been calculated indicating the influence on output power and efficiency. Experimental results are presented and compared to theory.


Objective: Intrapartum monitoring of the fetal heart rate (FHR), maternal heart rate (MHR) and uterine activity (UA) can be done noninvasively via adhesive electrodes on the parturient's abdominal surface. This ap- proach, requiring multiple electrodes placed at specific positions on the abdomen, performs at least as well as ultrasound and tocodynamometry-based monitoring. We tested whether a single adhesive electrode template (a "patch"), which would simplify use and obviate errors in electrode placement, would function as well as diffusely ar- rayed single electrodes. Methods: Seventeen healthy term parturients were monitored simultaneously with a diffuse electrode array and a condensed array patch, each connected to an identical electronic processor. Equivalence of the two electrode systems was determined by comparing their success rate, percent agreement and percent equiva- lence for FHR and MHR detection. UA monitoring was assessed by comparing the percent agreement and sensitivity of the systems. Results: The success rates of the multiple electrode array and the patch for FHR and MHR detection were above 96%. The reliability of the patch was statistically equivalent to the standard electrode array. The percent agreement for FHR was 94.7 ± 4.0% and for MHR was 92.8 ± 5.3%. These were not affected by maternal body mass index or whether it was early or late labor. The percent equivalence for both FHR and MHR was above 98% indicating equivalence of the patch with the diffuse electrode array in the accuracy of heart rate detection. The percent agree- ment of UA detection between the patch and the electrode array averaged 98% and was not influenced by whether it was early or late labor. The sensitivity of the patch for detecting individual contractions was 86.1%, equivalent to the standard electrode array. However, the sensitivity was lower in early compared to late labor (82.1 ± 13.9 vs. 90.3 ± 9.3%; P=0.052). The lower 95% confidence limit in early labor (74.9%) fell below the 80% limit necessary for equiva - lence. Conclusion: The performance of an electrode patch template for intrapartum monitoring of fetal and maternal heart rate and uterine contractions was equivalent to that of a more diffuse electrode array in almost all respects.


The effect of changes in grain size on corrosion resistance of the pure tough pitch copper stripwas investigated in acidic and alkaline NaCl solutions. Accumulative roll bonding as sever plastic process was applied up to 8 cycles to produce the ultrafine graincopper. Polarization and electrochemical impedance tests were used for corrosion resistance investigations. Corrosion morphologies were analyzed by FE-SEM. Results showed that the corrosion resistance decreased up to cycle 2 and increased after rolled for the fourth time due to UFG grain formation after cycle 4. The corrosion degradation in cycle 8 was uniformand it was more intergranular for the sample of cycle 2 and the unrolled counterpart.


Along-wind dispersion, or stretching of the cloud in the direction of the wind, plays an important role in the concentration and modeling of contaminant releases in the atmosphere. Theoretical and empirical derivations were compared for appropriate parameterization of along-wind dispersion. Available field data were analyzed to evaluate and improve previous parameterizations of the along-wind dispersion coefficient, σx. An experimental test program was developed and executed in an ultra-low speed wind tunnel at the Chemical Hazards Research Center to determine the effects of the time distribution coefficient on true finite-duration releases from an original area source. Multiple wind speeds, release durations, and downwind distances were investigated with ensemble averages for improved quality of the cloud characteristics for each set of test conditions. An overall relationship between the time of peak arrival (TOPa) and the time distribution coefficient σt = 0.23 ∗ TOPa was demonstrated across all parameters. From this relationship, the along-wind dispersion coefficient can be accurately predicted and scaled appropriately. Additional relationships for the leading and trailing edges of the cloud are appropriately modeled. ©2018 by Jessica M. Morris All Rights Reserved Project Overview Continued worldwide industrial development has brought the widespread use of industrial chemicals, many of which are hazardous. Whether released accidentally or intentionally, air born hazardous chemicals can affect large populations quickly as evidenced by several industrial chemical accidents (e.g., Bhopal, Flixborough, Seveso, etc.). Understanding and modeling hazardous chemical releases are vital to protecting the public. The ability to predict the potential impact of hazardous gas releases in the atmosphere is imperative to properly determine the transport, storage, and use of such chemicals. In the case of an actual loss of containment, understanding where air born chemicals can travel is important to determine the proper response to an emergency. Researchers have worked to assess these hazards through instantaneous, continuous, and timelimiting experimental releases to develop computational models such as PHAST, HEGADAS, and SLAB. Although instantaneous and continuous models are sufficient for many release scenarios, many real-world problems involve finite-duration releases. Advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models can theoretically handle these complexities, but these models still need data for validation and have the disadvantage of being relatively expensive and difficult to use on a daily basis. Simpler (screening) models are needed to determine which cases require more careful studies with CFD models. At present, very few data sets (field or wind tunnel) exist to validate finite-duration dispersion models. Sheesley and King analyzed finite-duration releases performed at the Nevada Test Site. Finite-duration release data is needed for validation of current models. Large-scale field experimental programs are important for understanding the relevant physics but are very expensive. Wind tunnel experimental work fills an important role in providing data for validation at a reduced cost. While models exist to address issues such as release duration or dispersion, established theories regarding along-wind dispersion often show results which are not realistic when compared with existing experimental data. It is crucial to develop experiments to improve models of finiteduration hazardous gas releases which illustrate the importance of the effects of along-wind dispersion, particularly the elongation of the cloud in the along-wind direction. Supported and validated by new wind tunnel experimental data, the development of models will lead to better assessment of the hazards that can accompany industrial development. Experimental data and improved models developed in this Ph.D. project will influence the way toxic and flammable gases are modeled in the future. This research will provide needed experimental data on finite-duration releases to study the effects of along-wind dispersion to improve existing atmospheric dispersion modeling. Improved modeling of along-wind dispersion will be accomplished through the three main aims listed below. Aim 1: Compare the theoretical basis for modeling of the effects of along-wind dispersion. Aim 2: Analyze available field data to parameterize the along-wind dispersion coefficient. Available field data will be analyzed to determine an appropriate parameterization of along-wind dispersion. Aim 3: Develop physical modeling of finite-duration releases. Experimental data will be planned and executed at an ultra-low speed wind tunnel facility to obtain finite-duration releases in a controlled environment. Table of


It is a pleasure to join the other authors in this issue to honor Dr Arnold Levine and the remarkable impact of his research. Our paths crossed with Arnie's when our genetic analyses of colorectal cancers led us to investigate the p53 gene and identify it as a tumor suppressor gene. p53 was initially identified by Arnie and others as an oncogene and tumor antigen, nearly a decade before its role as a tumor suppressor gene was revealed. We fondly remember Arnie visiting our lab, and we visiting his, to discuss the implications of the genetic alterations our group identified in human cancers and how we could work together to investigate the voluminous new questions these mutations raised.


Objective: To observe the effect of Dihydroartemisinin on the proliferation and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 in vitro and investigate the mechanism.Methods: The inhibition of proliferation of SW480 cells was determined by MTT test.Morphologic changes were observed under optical microscope.Distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry through PI and AnnexinV/PI double-1abeled staining.The expression of cell apoptosis-associated gene protein was detected with immunohistochemical technique.Results: Dihydroartemisinin could inhibit the proliferation of SW480 cells and the inhibition was depended on the exposure dose and time.After treated with Dihydroartemisinin for 48 h,apoptotic cells and morphologic changes could be found under optical microscope.The analysis of cell cycle indicated that Dihydroartemisinin blocked cells at G0/G1 phases,showed an increase of G0/G1 phase and a decrease of S phase.The expression of survivin was down-regulated,and caspase-3 expression was up-regulated.Conclusion: Dihydroartemisinin could inhibit the proliferation of the colon carcinoma cell line SW480 by regulating the cell cycle through arresting cells at G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis.The anti-tumor effects of Dihydroartemisinin may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of survivin protein and up-regulation of caspase-3.


We collected an undescribed hydropsychid caddisfly, Smicridea (Smicridea) travertinera, n. sp., from 2 sites in Venezuela. One of the sites, Quebrada El Charo, flowed over extensive calcareous formations of travertine, which were covered with retreats and capture nets of the new species. Smicridea travertinera was the most abundant aquatic insect colonizing travertine. We describe the adult male, the retreat and net, and gut contents. The retreat consisted of an aperture in the travertine with a capture net. Retreat-making behavior appears to cause both the biogenesis and erosion of the travertine formations.


Quasiparticle transport in the vortex state of an s-wave superconductor at T -> 0 was investigated by measuring the thermal conductivity of LuNi_2B_2C down to 70 mK in a magnetic field perpendicular to the heat current. In zero field, there is no electronic conduction, as expected for a superconducting gap without nodes. However, as soon as vortices enter the sample quasiparticles are seen to conduct remarkably well, even better than they would in a typical d-wave superconductor. This is in stark conflict with the widely held view that quasiparticle states in s-wave superconductors just above H_{c1} should be localized and bound to the vortex core.


n-type SiGe modulation-doped hetero field-effect transistors (MODFET's) with a 0.25-μm Schottky-gate on a Si/sub 0.55/Ge/sub 0.45/ buffer are presented. The layer structure was designed to enable elevated sheet carrier densities of n/sub s/=7.0×10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ at moderate electron mobilities of 1050 cm2/Vs. Reducing the thickness of the cap layers enhances the control of the gate on the 2DEG and leads to a high transconductance of 320 mS/mm. Targeting analog applications, we focused on large current densities around 400 mA/mm. Due to advanced RF-characteristics the 100-GHz hurdle of fmax was passed for the first time with fmax(U)=120 GHz and fT was determined at 42 GHz.


Abstract A modified HPTLC technique was applied in investigating venous peripheral blood concentrations of PGE1, FGE2, FGF1α, FGF2α, PGA1 and PGAP2 in three subjects with occupational asthma, undergoing specific bronchial challenge test with chemical sensitizers, as well as in two control subjects, exposed to the same test. The findings obtained show that the technique employed in our study is quite suitable and could be Useful to acquire more information on some biochemical events occurring during asthmatic responses to bronchial challenge.


Objective To explore the traffic injuries features and risk factors for accidents occurred on the Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou (YongTaiWen for short) highways in Wenzhou during 2005 to 2009, and to provide scientific evidences for road traffic injury prevention and control. Methods Collected the original traffic accident data of the YongTaiWen highways in Wenzhou during 2005-2009. Describe epidemiological analysis of traffic injuries. And use the SPSS 18.0 software to analyze the indexes of questionnaire. Results 308 traffic accidents were interviewed during2005-2009, and a total of 603 casualties, including 157 deaths. The most frequently traffic accident is the trailing collision. And the main reasons are the fatigue driving and speeding driving. Conclusion Highway traffic accidents have the time and the age distribution imbalance with young males prevalence of high-risk groups, and the old age of high mortality rate. Through analyzing the characteristics of the traffic injury factors, we should pay full attention to the safer traffic environment and driving training.


Exploiting the analogy between ultracold atomic gases and the system of triplons, we study magneto-thermodynamic properties of dimerized quantum magnets in the framework of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC). Particularly, introducing the inversion (or Joule–Thomson) temperature [Formula: see text] as the point where Joule–Thomson coefficient of an isenthalpic process changes its sign, we show that for a simple paramagnet, this temperature is infinite, while for three-dimensional (3D) dimerized quantum magnets it is finite and always larger than the critical temperature [Formula: see text] of BEC. Below the inversion temperature [Formula: see text], the system of triplons may be in a liquid phase, which undergoes a transition into a superfluid phase at [Formula: see text]. The dependence of the inversion temperature on the external magnetic field [Formula: see text] has been calculated for quantum magnets of TlCuCl3 and Sr3Cr2O8.


The investigation of microstrip fix radio wires has gained awesome ground as of late. Contrasted and ordinary reception apparatuses, microstrip fix recieving wires have more points of interest and better prospects. They are lighter in weight, low volume, ease, low profile, littler in measurement and simplicity of manufacture and similarity. Besides, the microstrip fix reception apparatuses can give double and round polarizations, double recurrence activity, recurrence spryness, wide band-width, feedline adaptability, shaft checking unidirectional designing. In this paper we examine the microstriprecieving wire, kinds of microstrip reception apparatus, sustaining methods and use of microstrip fix radio wire with their favorable position and detriments over ordinary microwave radio wires.From this paper, design of small Microstrip patch antenna using parasitic technique for range of sight communication is proposed, having hexagonal condition ground plane. The recommended antenna has slots in the patch to obtain wideband. The antenna model is simulated using Finite component method at the rate of recurrence 2. 65 GHz to 4. 57 GHz. The antenna design demonstrates desired features for wireless communication


Notes. a Indication of cluster membership, based on parallax and proper motion. A few uncertain cases are labeled with question marks. b The evolutionary classification scheme is explained in the text (Section 6) and the caption of Figure 2, based on the position in Gaia color–magnitude diagrams. Abbreviations are: AGB (asymptotic giant branch); RGB (red giant branch); HB (horizontal branch); rPAGB, yPAGB, bPAGB, and vPAGB (red, yellow, blue, and violet post-AGB stars); AHB (above-horizontal branch); and CV (cataclysmic variable). c Remarks: (15) 5904 ZNG1: known hot vPAGB star (e.g., Dixon et al. 2004), not contained in EDR3 because of neighboring (  0. 52) bright red giant; position obtained from HST images.


[Objective]To learn the status and satisfaction of public health education for medical students,and to provide suggestions on the reform of public health education among medical students.[Methods]We made a census of 250 junior students majoring in clinical medicine and health care for women and children in West China Medical School of Sichuan University. The questionnaire with self-designed questionnaire was conducted. The results were analyzed by Epidata 3.0 and SPSS17.0 software.[Results]78.7% of respondents were satisfied with the status of public health education for medical students. Teaching level,whether to use specific teaching materials for medical students,were the main factors which affected the satisfaction of public health education for medical students(P = 0.000 and 0.000 respectively).[Conclusion]Satisfaction of public health education for medical students is generally high. Increasing the medical characteristics of teaching materials and strengthening the building of teachers' group play an active role in public health education for medical students.


Vice President Mike Pence, along with NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, will visit NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley Thursday, Nov. 14, to discuss the role the center will play in the agency's plans to return astronauts to the Moon.


Abstract The Langmuir parameters of orthophosphate (OP) and pyrophosphate (PP) sorption for the ammoniated tropical soils were determined. Positive linear relationships between OP and PP sorption maxima and amounts of anhydrous NH3 added were noticed. Indexes of bonding energy of OP and PP increased exponentially as ammoniation level of the soils increased from 33 to 100% of ammonia retention capacity.


Iliac vascular and ureteral injuries from blunt trauma are infrequently seen in children, unless associated with major blunt or penetrating trauma. Combined injury to both structures is even rarer and to our knowledge has not yet been reported. We describe a case of signi icant iliac vascular and ureteral injuries in a relatively minor, blunt trauma setting. A 9-year-old boy fell off a bicycle and sustained traumatic transection of his left ureter, and injury to the left common/external iliac and hypogastric veins. Computed tomography indings were inconclusive for an etiology. However, we suspected a ureteral and/or a vascular injury around the left iliac vessels with urinoma and/or intra-abdominal hemorrhage, as a large amount of intra-abdominal luid was present. A de initive diagnosis was made during surgical exploration. Primary repair of the vascular injuries and ureter re-anastomosis were performed. Good recovery was achieved with uneventful follow-up. Attention to secondary injuries often results in delayed diagnosis of subtle blunt vascular injuries in the absence of gross hemorrhage or ischemia. Mortality after iliac vascular injuries ranges from 25–40%. Therefore, prompt operative repair of vascular injuries is needed. However, challenges still exist in diagnosing these injuries.


Since the discovery of Jovian auroral radio emissions, the question arises of the source positions of the different components (broadband kilometric, hectometric, and decametric) and their association with far ultraviolet (FUV) auroral emissions. We surveyed Juno's first 15 perijoves to track local radio sources from in situ Juno/Waves measurements (50 Hz to 40 MHz). This allowed us to study the 3‐D spatial distribution of the broadband kilometric, hectometric, and decametric radio sources. These sources are carried by the same magnetic field lines, with the bulk of them at apex M ranging from 15 to 60 (distance measured in RJ at the magnetic equator). Finally, comparisons with images of the Jovian FUV aurorae simultaneously acquired by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) reveal a partial spatial colocation of the FUV main oval emission with the identified local radio sources.


The incorporation of Al2O3 particles as a disperse phase in a matrix of electroless nickel phosphorous (Ni–P) coatings can influence some characteristics of coating layer such as thickness, surface morphology, structure, chemical composition, hardness, corrosion resistance. Co-deposition of Al2O3 particles in electroless Ni–P coating and their influence on the coating layer characteristics depend on their size, concentration in the electrolyte, by the duration of the deposition process and the manner to maintain good dispersion of particles in electroless Ni–P bath. The paper analyzes the influence of nanoparticles (20nm) and micrometer (0,3μm) of Al2O3 incorporated in the electrolyte in amounts of 3g/L, 5g/L and 8g/L on the different characteristics of the composite coating layer. By optical microscopy was settled the influence of Al2O3 particles on the coating layer thickness and surface morphology. The degree of incorporation and dispersion of Al2O3 particles in electroless Ni–P and Ni–P–Al2O3 composite coatings were analyzed by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Influence on the corrosion behavior was analyzed by electrochemical method. Composite and nanocomposite layers were deposited on thin steel band.


Analytical methods(including high-performance liquid chromatography,ionchromatography,thin-layer chromatography,gas chromatography,capillary electrophoresis,flow-injection analysis,electroanalysis and spectroscopy)can determine sweeteners individually and simultaneously in mixtures.This review focuses on the application of some analytical procedures for determination of sweeteners in food.


The problem with success is that you've succeeded. Woody Allen The public has high expectations for health care services, and this is certainly evident in its attention to virologic transmission risks in the blood supply. The focus of blood collectors, test manufacturers, and regulators on reducing the risk for transmission of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) has resulted in dramatic reductions in these risks during the past 2 decades. However, linear continuation of this effort will result in inadequate attention being paid to problems that have greater impacts on transfusion recipients' morbidity and mortality and missed opportunities for substantial improvements in transfusion safety. Since the mid-1980s, reductions in transmission risks for HIV and HCV by more than 4 orders of magnitude to less than 1 per million units have been accomplished through expanded criteria for screening donors and through improvements and expansions of blood testing technology (1). As a result of these improvements, I am comfortable offering assurance to patients, without having to append qualifying exculpations, that the blood supply is safe. When further improvements in HIV and HCV testing are available, they will undoubtedly be implemented, but actively focusing on infrequent events will yield only small health gains. When an effective (albeit imperfect) detection system is improved, the magnitude of improvement becomes increasingly smaller with each new enhancement. For example, implementing genomic testing for HIV, with sensitive serologic testing already in place, has yielded few additional advantages and remarkably poor cost-effectiveness calculations. When a minipool format (where the samples of 16 to 24 units are pooled and tested together to facilitate testing all 14 million annual donations in the United States) was used, nucleic acid testing reduced the risk for HIV transmission by one third. This improvement was achieved at a cost exceeding $2 million and a cost-effectiveness far beyond accepted limits at $1.5 to $4 million per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), even when coupled with nucleic acid testing for HCV, a test that had a larger impact on transmission of that disease (2-4). The next step to more sensitive testing would be conversion to testing samples individually, an improvement predicted to reduce the residual transmission risk for HIV from 1 per 2 to 3 million units to approximately half this number, with remarkably poor cost-effectiveness estimates of $7 to $15 million per QALY (3, 4). In 2002, the appearance of West Nile virus as a human pathogen transmissible by transfusion raised the specter of another era of tainted blood. The incredibly rapid adaptation of nucleic acid testing systems to include detection of West Nile virus (< 8 months from recognition of the blood transmission risk to nationwide implementation of testing) was an important accomplishment, particularly because depending on donors' health history statements to interdict asymptomatic carriers of West Nile virus turned out to be unreliable (5, 6). This testing, along with the decline of the incidence of West Nile virus in many parts of the United States, has allowed blood bankers and patients to breathe much easier. What was accomplished by this testing? More than 1000 viremic donors have been interdicted through testing, and undoubtedly at least several recipient deaths have been avoided (6, 7). In this issue, Custer and colleagues (8) provide a careful and circumspect cost-effectiveness analysis of this test's implementation that considers geographic differences in West Nile virus outbreaks and different testing strategies. Despite the demonstrable benefits accruing from the testing, their model indicates that from a population perspective, the expenditure of resources for West Nile virus testing has yielded limited benefits (8). The cost-effectiveness of this testing effort, even in light of what some were regarding as a West Nile virus epidemic, was very poor, at $483000 per QALY. This resulted because of the low frequency at which transmissions were occurring and at which infection caused clinically significant disease. Shifting to testing of individual units to improve sensitivity worsened the cost-effectiveness estimate to approximately $1 million per QALY, again showing that marshaling testing resources to reduce an already low risk will be plagued by poor cost-effectiveness. However, testing individual units in areas experiencing outbreaks has been adopted as a compromise, one that Custer and colleagues (8) have reported to have similar cost-effectiveness to minipool testing in areas with a lower risk for an outbreak. Paradoxically, in blood-collection agencies, the tightly controlled computer systems that are optimized to prevent erroneous release of potentially infectious components have difficulty accommodating testing for West Nile virus only during a portion of the year, thus forcing use of the less cost-effective approach of year-round testing. Even if the benefits of nucleic acid testing for West Nile virus were accepted without considering its cost-effectiveness, at what cost was this effort accomplished? That is, what is the opportunity cost of focusing on the new threat of West Nile virus or of implementing more sensitive testing for HIV and HCV? The time and resources of the fields of blood banking and transfusion medicine can address only so many issues at once, and there are other, larger threats that are still awaiting our attention. Currently, the largest mortality risk from transfusion comes from transfusion-related acute lung injury, which occurs in more than 1000 transfusion recipients and claims an estimated 50 to 100 lives each year in the United States (9). Successful reduction of the frequency of such injury will probably require substantial changes in the way components are collected, tested, and distributed. For example, the United Kingdom has opted to transfuse plasma only from male donors because antileukocyte antibodies from multiparous women are a frequent cause of transfusion-related acute lung injury (10). Although the problem of transfusion-related acute lung injury has been recognized, we do not have the energy to strive toward even a partial solution in the United States. Another long-standing problem is that of mistransfusion, usually caused by mislabeling of the pretransfusion specimen or by misidentification of the recipient (11, 12). For decades, acute hemolytic transfusion reactions attributable to mistransfusion have claimed at least 10 to 20 lives annually (13). Systems to address this problem exist, including mechanical barrier systems to ensure access to the unit only with correct recipient identification, and hand-held systems for labeling samples from bar-coded wristbands and for tracking medication and blood administration (14, 15). The implementation of effective bacterial detection systems for platelet units remains incomplete, and the risk for sepsis and death after platelet transfusion is probably still much greater than the risk for HIV transmission (16, 17). Blood bankersand hospitalswill need to focus on these larger issues and commit time and money to achieve demonstrably safer transfusion. Everyone wants to achieve this goal. No one would object to further reductions in the risks for transmission of HIV and HCV or to steps to interdict transmissions of West Nile virus. However, when our attention is drawn to viral transmission events that occur much less frequently than other, fatal events, we fail in our effort to take the most productive steps toward improving transfusion safety. In transfusion medicine, cost-effectiveness analyses have been useful by defining the small health-benefit yield of chasing the elusive dream of a zero-risk blood supply (18), rather than by focusing our efforts on the larger risks (19, 20). We have succeeded in providing the United States with a safe blood supply. Now we need to take on the larger task of providing safe transfusions.


An experimental investigation of the failure of selected compression-loaded [0°]48, [±30°]12s, [±45°]12s , [±60°]12s , [90°]48 Graphite/Epoxy composite laminates is described. For comparison with [±θ°]12s specimens, the compression test for specimens of [30°]48, [45°]48 and [60°]48 were also carried out. A simple compressive test technique is used to obtain the experimental data. The experiment results include compressive strength data and description of laminate failure modes and failure mechanisms. The dominant compression failure modes for the laminates in this study were found to be interlaminar shearing (for [0°]48, [±30°]12s specimens), fiber scissoring (for [±45°]12s specimen), inplane matrix shearing and matrix compression (for [±60°]12s , [90°]48 specimens). Both [±30°]12s and [30°]48 specimens had almost the same failure load with the same failure mode, in-plane matrix shearing. The crack was along the fiber direction and the fracture surface was flat in the through-thickness direction. Both [60°]48 and [±60°]12s specimens had similar failure load and the same failure mode of matrix compression. Both [45°]48 and [±45°]12s specimens behaved identically until the elastic limit of 150 MPa, after that they behaved quite different.


This study aims to examine the knowledge of the community in Tiremenggal Village in utilizing food plants for immunonutrients. The research method used consists of two stages: the first stage of inventorying the level of community knowledge with exploratory survey methods and participatory ethnobotanical assessment through in-depth interviews (deep interviews) and structured (open-ended). The second stage is collecting data on the use of food plants using semi-structured interviews. The results showed that people's knowledge about food plants was obtained from asking other people (26%). The types of food plants identified were as many as 30 species covering staple food and additional food categories. In conclusion, the community's knowledge and ability in Tiremenggal village to utilize, compose and process traditional food plants as a source of immunonutrientts can be seen from the description of the aspects of their activities and activities.
Keywords: Tiremenggal Village, Immunonutrients, Food Plants


instances of the allusions mentioned, especially for those readers unfamiliar with the particular works of fiction. The same might be said too for the treatment of poetry here. While ranging widely across the century and offering fascinating readings of the influence of the Shakespearean iambic pentameter and the sonnet series, this section necessitates a relatively high level of knowledge about Victorian poetry, as well as the Shakespeare texts on which it draws. The work as a whole contributes a range of answers to the significantly contorted question of exactly how the Victorians experienced their Shakespeare, how they actually got to know his words and the texture of his mind, and Sillars is properly attentive to the social and economic considerations that determine the answer to this question. Underpinning Shakespeare and the Victorians is a suggestion offered in the first chapter: that Shakespeare is a compulsory part of what makes up the elusive quality of "cultural maturity." "A knowledge of Shakespeare's plays was essential for the possession of any kind of cultural maturity" (16)—the acquisition of which might be experienced as a birthright or entitlement, or might be acquired by the hard graft of autodidacticism as advocated by Samuel Smiles's Self-Help, whose "project of self-advancement" (15) is something of a touchstone for this work. The Shakespeare written by Sillars is one who has been read, appropriated, and exploited (18) by the cultural ruling classes, though we do get hints of a messier story, of the political and sexual radicals for whom Shakespeare was also an important anti-establishment voice. Sillars's extremely useful tips for "Further Reading" point the way for those seeking that Shakespeare. In "Shakespeare beyond Shakespeare," Sillars offers an alternative to the scholarly, editorial approach in a series of accounts of Shakespeare's characters' independent lives, drawing on the burgeoning psychological practices of the Victorian novel to demonstrate both how Shakespeare informs concepts of character for the Victorians, but also how the Victorians' sense of narrative possibility shapes cultural memories of Shakespeare's characters. Sillars suggests that "it is possible to study Shakespeare without the Victorians, [but] it is impossible to study the Victorians without being aware of their reading, appropriation, and exploitation of Shakespeare" (18). However, on the basis of this book it seems that the former contention is in doubt too, given how convincingly the case is made here for the ways in which the Victorians have shaped subsequent approaches to Shakespeare.


The convexity number of a set S C R n is the least size of a family F of convex sets with ∪F = S. S is countably convex if its convexity number is countable. Otherwise S is uncountably convex. Uncountably convex closed sets in R n have been studied recently by Geschke, Kubis, Kojman and Schipperus. Their line of research is continued in the present article. We show that for all n > 2, it is consistent that there is an uncountably convex closed set S C R n+1 whose convexity number is strictly smaller than all convexity numbers of uncountably convex subsets of R n . Moreover, we construct a closed set S ⊆ R 3 whose convexity number is 2 N 0 and that has no uncountable k-clique for any k > 1. Here C ⊆ C S is a k-clique if the convex hull of no k-element subset of C is included in S. Our example shows that the main result of the above-named authors, a closed set S ⊆ R 2 either has a perfect 3-clique or the convexity number of S is < 2 N 0 in some forcing extension of the universe, cannot be extended to higher dimensions.


This paper presents a highly linear receiver front-end operating from 700 MHz to 3.7 GHz with 3rd order harmonic rejection. It consists of a complementary low noise transconductance amplifier with capacitive cross coupling and negative gm current sources, a six phase current-mode passive mixer, and baseband transimpedance amplifiers providing programmable gain. The circuit has been fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology with an active area of just 0.09 mm2. It consumes 7.2 mA, excluding the six phase local oscillator generation, from a 1.2 V supply, achieving a third order harmonic rejection of 40 dB, and a noise figure of 3 to 4.5 dB at 52 dB gain. The out of band IIP2 and IIP3 at full gain is +55 dBm and +5 dBm, respectively.


MCCOMAS & SICA (1970) postulated that muscular dystrophy may be neurogenic rather than myogenic in origin. Subsequently, a number of studies have implicated neurological lesions in the dystrophic mouse. These observations include a reduction in the numbers of peripheral nerves (HARRIS & WILSON, 1971; HARRIS et al., 1972; BRADLEY & JENKINSON, 1973; MONTGOMERY & SWENARCHUK, 1977), changes in the electrophysiological properties of spinal motoneurones (HUIZAR et a/., 1975), atypical distribution and appearance of myelin in spinal and cranial nerves (BRADLEY & JENKINSON, 1973, 1975; BISCOE et a/., 1974, 1975; STERLING, 1975; OKADA et a/., 1976), deficit in the Schwann cell basement membrane (MADRID et al., 1975), atypical axoplasmic transport (BRADLEY & JAROS, 1973; TANG er a/., 1974), the occurrence of aberrant synaptic vesicles (RAGAB, 1971; GILBERT et a[., 1973) and altered composition of soluble neural protein (SALAFSKY & STERLING, 1973). In the present paper we describe the particulate protein composition of peripheral nerves of the dystrophic mouse as well as the protein composition of purified sciatic nerve myelin.


Objectives To evaluate the DOSI-FLOW3's accurary and to identify factors that may affect the accu-racy.Methods Thirty sets infusion flow regulators (DOSI-FLOW3) were equally divided into six groups:group saline, group ringer, 5% glucose group, 10% glucose group, group voluven and group gelofusine.The real flow volumes were measured during the 1h observation period.The infusion was carried out at room temperature(20℃) in the following 4 situations.①Effect of different liquids.We measured the volumes of the 6 groups (5 in each) respectively with the sus-pensing height being 80cm (no needle attached in the front of the regulator).②Effect of different suspensing height:the suspensing height was then changed to 160 cm and recorded the volume of each group.③Effect of puncture needle size:3 types of different puncture needle (24G, 22G trocar and 23G scalp needle) attached in the front of the regulator with the suspensing height being 80cm, the volume of each group in 1h was recorded.④Effect of static water pressure:put the regulators with needle attached into containers pre-filled saline of 20 cm height from the bottom, and recorded the volumes of each group in 1h.Results ①1 h flow volumes of the 2 colloids (voluven and gelofusine) were significantly lower than other 4 groups and the volume read on the regulator (P0.001), the volumes of crystal and glucose groups were similar and approximate to the read of the regulator.②1h flow volumes of the crystal and glucose groups doubled in response to the doubled suspending height (80 cm vs 160 cm).③ The volume of group with size 23G scalp needle attached was markedly lower than those of the groups with 24G and 22G trocar (P0.01).④Volume of group at 20 cmH2O static water pressure was significantly lower than that at 0 cmH2O group.Conclusions Liquid category, suspending height, puncture needle size and static water pressure all can evidently affect on the flow rate of DOSI-FLOW3 regulator.In practice, in stead of depending on the read on the regulator only, combined with other clinical signs is important to make a sound judgment about the volume state of the patient.


![Figure][1]

Dr Henry (Harry) Peters graduated in medicine from the University of Edinburgh in 1840 and returned to practise with his father in the Village of Gagetown on New Brunswick's Saint John River. Dr Peters' general practice covered a 50-mile radius from Gagetown and when he died


Representative interplanetary space vehicle systems are sized to compare and show sensitivity of the initial mass required in low Earth orbit to one mission mode and mission opportunity. Data are presented to show the requirements for Earth-Mars opposition and conjunction class roundtrip flyby and stopover mission opportunities available during the time period from year 1997 to year 2045. The interplanetary space vehicle consists of a spacecraft and a space vehicle acceleration system. Propellant boil-off for the various mission phases is given for the Lox/LH (Liquid Oxygen/Liquid Hydrogen) propulsion systems. Mission abort information is presented for the 1999 Venus outbound swingby trajectory, transfer profile.


We prepared the water soluble model peptide, (E)8GGLGGQGAG(A)6GGAGQGGYGG, to throw light on the local structure of spidroin 1 (MaSpl) protein in spider dragline silk of Nephila clavipes before and after spinning. Solution 13C NMR showed that the conformation of the peptide in aqueous solution was essentially random coil. Solid‐state NMR was used to follow conformation‐dependent 13C chemical shifts in 13C selectively labeled versions of the peptide. The peptide lyophilized from an aqueous solution at neutral pH (hereafter referred to as "without acid treatment)"was used to mimic the state of the spidroin stored in the spider's silk gland while the peptide precipitated from the acidic solution ("with acid treatment") was used to simulate the role of acid treatment in inducing conformation change in the natural spinning process. In without acid treatment, the fraction of random coil conformation was lowest in the N‐terminal region (residues 15–18) when compared with the C‐terminus. The conformational change produced by the acid treatment occurred in the sequence, G15AG(A)6GGAG27, interposed between pairs of Gly residues pairs, Gly12,13, and Gly29,30. The acid treated peptide showed a remarkable decrease in the fraction of random coil conformation from A20 to A23 in the poly‐Ala region when compared with the peptide without acid treatment. These observations taken together suggest that the peptide can be used as a model for studying the localization of the conformation change in spider silk fibroin in the natural spinning and the role of acid treatment in this process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 347–354, 2012.


A preparation method of superplastic aluminum alloy plates for track traffic relates to the manufacturing method of superplastic aluminum alloy plates. The method solves the problems of bad superplastic formability and bad mechanical properties at high temperature when the existing common aluminum alloy is prepared into plates. The method comprises the steps as follows: (1) smelting and casting alloy ingots; (2) homogenization annealing; (3) hot rolling; (4) intermediate annealing; and (5) secondary rolling the finished product thickness, and then the superplastic aluminum alloy plates for track traffic are obtained after oil scouring and finishing. The plates prepared by the method have good mechanical properties in which the tensile strength is not less than 458N/mm , the non-proportional extension strength is not less than 405N/mm and the elongation percentage after fracture is not less than 6.3%; the plates have good formability performance, the transverse elongation percentage is more than 200% and the longitudinal elongation percentage is more than 250% when the temperature is 500 DEG C; and the surface quality is good after hot forming.


Taking joint solar and hydropower generation system for an example,three operation schemes including isolated grid,grid connected and constant power output operation are put forward on the basis of pumped storage operation.By building the combined power generation system model,the realization of three operation schemes is analyzed.The simulation experiments show that three operation schemes are feasible and effective;the complementary performance of solar energy and water energy is obvious;solar and hydropower generation system has high energy utilization ratio.The relationship among water storage of the upper reservoir,water source and total installation capacity is discussed based on the energy utilization ratio.


We present here a study of marking of thermoplastic polymers by thermal ablation, produced by an infrared laser source. This marking allows to improve the tribological behaviour of polymers in specific applications.The experimental part of the study has been performed using a CO2 laser source and a polycarbonate polymer. A model of energy exchange was developed in order to estimate the depth, the width and the shape of this marked surface.Furthermore, we present an experimental validation of our numerical results. We show that this simulation allows to have a good evaluation of the dimensions of the branding of our polymeric samples. Then, we present the limitations of the model and the ways to follow to improve it.We present here a study of marking of thermoplastic polymers by thermal ablation, produced by an infrared laser source. This marking allows to improve the tribological behaviour of polymers in specific applications.The experimental part of the study has been performed using a CO2 laser source and a polycarbonate polymer. A model of energy exchange was developed in order to estimate the depth, the width and the shape of this marked surface.Furthermore, we present an experimental validation of our numerical results. We show that this simulation allows to have a good evaluation of the dimensions of the branding of our polymeric samples. Then, we present the limitations of the model and the ways to follow to improve it.