The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your county's UF/IFAS Extension office. U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension. Pears are a great tree to grow for an edible landscape or fruit garden (Figure 1). However, pears are not adapted to all areas in Florida, and only a few cultivated varieties will grow well here. An adaptation to warm winters (low chill hours) and disease resistance are the main factors for success. According to the census of agriculture for Florida, there were at least 85 acres of pears under production in 2017, but 14 counties did not report acreage. Many plantings are just a few trees in backyards. This publication will provide information to help homeowners select and grow pears successfully in Florida.


A new simple urea-based dipodal molecular cleft (L) has been synthesized and studied for its binding affinity for a variety of anions by 1H-NMR, UV-Vis and colorimetric techniques in DMSO-d6 and DMSO, respectively. The results from titration studies suggest that the receptor forms a 1:2 complex with each of the anions used via hydrogen bonding interactions and exhibits strong selectivity for fluoride among halides, showing the binding affinity in the order of fluoride > chloride > bromide > iodide; meanwhile, it displays moderate selectivity for acetate among oxoanions, showing the binding affinity in the order of acetate > dihydrogen phosphate > bicarbonate > hydrogen sulfate > nitrate. Colorimetric studies of L for anions in DMSO reveal that the receptor is capable of detecting fluoride, acetate, bicarbonate and dihydrogen phosphate, displaying a visible color change in the presence of the respective anions.


Abstract The study examined the perception of Shea butter processors to modern processing technology in Kwara State. Multi stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents. Data was collected using interview schedule and analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that 88.3% of the respondents were females between 40-50 years of age (47.0%) and have low level of education (83.1%). The household size of the respondents was 5-8 members (65.9%) and 1-10 years of experience (52.8%). Respondents' level of awareness of modern processing technology was high (55.0%), pre-cleaner (98.3%) and storage tank (94.2%) being higher. The majority (62.5%) had favourable perception to modern processing technology, sixty per cent strongly agreed and 61.0% agreed that modern processing technology reduced drudgery and increase profit respectively. There was significant relationship (r= 0.182, p=0.046) between respondent's level of awareness and their perception. Information should be disseminated to the processors in local languages on the benefits and how to use modern processing technology.


The infection of baby hamster kidney cells with Semliki Forest virus results in the inhibition of [Me-3H]choline incorporation into 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine of the cytoplasmic membranes of intact cells. This inhibition was also observed in purified plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. The major decrease of incorporation of label occurred between 4 and 6 h after infection.

Microsomes from baby hamster kidney cells infected with Semliki Forest virus exhibit approximately a 50% decrease in total activity and a 40% decrease in specific activity of the enzyme CDP-choline: 1,2-diglyceride cholinephosphotransferase. This decrease in enzymatic activity occurred between 4 and 6 h post-infection. When compared to mock-infected cells, the enzymatic activity from infected cells had a similar apparent Km for CDP-choline and a similar half-maximal stimulation value for 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol. Experiments with cycloheximide and actinomycin D suggest that viral inhibition of host protein and RNA synthesis would not account for the depressed cholinephosphotransferase activity. However, since cycloheximide stimulates the choline-phosphotransferase activity of mock-infected cells, the results of these experiments must be interpreted with caution. A freely diffusable inhibitor was not detected in the microsomes from infected cells.

Infection of baby hamster kidney cells with a picornavirus (bovine enterovirus) did not inhibit or stimulate [Me-3H]choline incorporation into 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine nor did it affect the activity of CDP-choline : 1,2-diglyceride cholinephosphotransferase.


This article extends the conceptualization of silence in public relations beyond strategic communication. It develops a new theoretical framework to explain the mechanisms through which suffering and pain felt inside the body translate into silence, exclusion from public debate, and communication gaps in health communication. This happens through intermediate steps that involve, among others, the role of the media in the narrative construction of the body and the self. This framework advances an understanding of public relations oriented towards civil society and is based on the empirical case study of involuntary childlessness (i.e. not having children not by choice): even in the age of ubiquitous communication, despite affecting about 25% of the adult population of virtually all developed countries, this issue is shrouded in taboo and seldom heard of. The analysis makes the case for a more material, indeed embodied, approach to conceptualizing silence in public relations.


Revisiting a selection of national (the Charter of the Environment in France) and international (the preventive war launched by the United States against Iraq) 2002-2003 events, the paper reminds the sustained confusion between two concepts: the Precautionary Principle and the Abstention Rule. It then supports the idea that there is no basic antagonism in practical rationalities of risk management across the Atlantic Ocean. But there is a fundamental opposition in each region between two basic usages of the Principle either to promote a progress in settling coordinated action for common concerns or to justify unilateral actions departing from an existing agreed common regime.


Objective
To investigate the operation timing and surgery technique for simple orbital wall fracture.

Methods
The data of 352 eyes of 352 patients with simple orbital wall fracture were retrospectively analyzed. They had been treated at Shanxi Provincial Eye Hospital from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2012. Those patients included 298 men (84.7%) and 54 women (15.3%). The age ranged from 17 to 62 years. The follow-up time was from 2 to 4 weeks. The patients were divided into four groups according to the surgery time between injury and surgery. Patients in group A (68 cases) received surgery 7 to 9 days after the injury. Patients in group B (187 cases) received surgery 10 to 19 days after the injury. Patients in group C (82 cases) received surgery 20 to 45 days after the injury. Patients in group D (15 cases) received surgery 46 to 90 days after the injury. The surgery indications including the following symptoms and clinical signs: endophthalmos of the injuried eye was ≥2 mm; diplopia in front view or peripheral view, the orbital image identified obvious extraocular muscle displacement, distortion or incarceration; and the fracture window was>2 cm2 or the orbital wall displacement was>3 mm. The conditions of endophthalmos and diplopia were analyzed before and after the surgery.

Results
After the surgery the endophthalmos in the four groups were corrected. The best surgery time for orbital fracture with diplopia was 7-9 days after the injury. The best surgery time for orbital fracture with simple endophthalmos was 7-9 days or 46-90 days after the injury.

Conclusion
The operation timing of simple orbital wall fracture is very important. To make individualized treatment according to the duration of the injury and the imaging diagnosis, is necessary for getting the best surgical effect.

Key words:
Fracture, orbital wall; Surgery timing


X-rays have been the mainstay of the radiological assessment of joint disorders. However, conventional radiography is not capable of assessing early bone abnormalities, especially when the lesion is not tangential to the x-ray beam. Early periarticular soft tissue abnormalities and synovitis are also not well seen. The gold standard for the assessment of soft tissue abnormalities is MRI. However, in the last few years, musculoskeletal USG has made its presence felt among rheumatologists and radiologists as the Þ rst radiological investigation in the assessment of rheumatoid disease and during follow-up. This has been possible due to the bett er availability of USG equipment, transducers and soft wares.[1] These changes have allowed USG to be used for the early detection of ß uid in the joint spaces and around tendon sheaths. Due to bett er resolution, even normal, minute amounts of synovial ß uid can be seen. Similarly, irregularities on the bone surface, such as erosions and periosteal irregularities as well as sub-periosteal collections / bleed can be now appreciated. Intraosseous abnormalities, however, cannot be appreciated as sound is not able to penetrate bone. Use can also be made of 'real-time' USG to assist in the bett er evaluation of these abnormalities.[2]


DURING the Dark Ages in Europe, the manufacture of the swords known as <<pattern-welded), flourished. This type first appeared in the third century and disappeared by the tenth century A. D. Their characteristic appearance has drawn attention to them and numerous papers have been published describing their manufacture. (1) They were probably made by the twisting together of half-a-dozen thin strips of iron followed by folding and forging in various ways. This could produce a herring-bone or spiral pattern on the surface of the blade. From the fancied resemblance of this to the itwatered-silk), Dattern ,of Damascus steel. att tern-welded blades have often been incorrectly called <(damask)) or ctdamascene)). In fact the techniques are entirely different. The true Damascus sword was forged by elongating a button or cake of cast high-carbon steel from India. (2) The advantages of pattern-welding were twofold. First, since a homogeneous bar of controlled carbon content could not be produced (perhaps a consequence of very small hearths), the forging together of small pieces of carburised and uncarburised iron was one way of making a steel-like material of more or less controllable ~ r o ~ e r t i e s . Second. it L L


Australian optometrists' prescriptions eligible for PBS subsidy from 2008 The Australian Federal Government announced in the 2007 Budget that from 1 January 2008 Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) benefits will be paid for a range of ophthalmic drugs prescribed by optometrists. Patients of optometrists will have access to subsidised ocular therapeutic drugs without the need to make an additional appointment to visit a medical practitioner, that is, their GP or an ophthalmologist. This initiative will improve access to eye care, particularly for concession cardholders and people in rural areas. The Federal Government has allocated $10.7 million over four years. Optometrists who are therapeutically endorsed will be able to apply to Medicare Australia for approval to prescribe from a specified list of eye medicines available on the PBS. The list of pharmaceutical agents has not yet been finalised. Patient co-payments for subsidised medicines are currently up to $30.70 for general benefit (although many ophthalmic drugs are less expensive than this) and $4.90 for concession cardholders. The Australian Government pays the remaining cost. Source: Optometrists Association Australia www.pbs.gov.au


[Sydney Owenson's sentiments are] mischievous in tendency, and profligate in principle; licentious and irreverent in the highest degree . . . If . . . she could be persuaded to exchange her idle raptures for common sense, practice a little self-denial, and gather a few precepts of humility, from an old-fashioned book, which, although it does not seem to have lately fallen in her way, may yet, we think, be found in some corner of her study; she might then hope to prove, not indeed a good writer of novels, but a useful friend, a faithful wife, a tender mother, and a respectable and happy mistress of a family.1


The puzzling behavior of the Ml transitions in a normal-parity band of 163Dy observed recently is studied in the framework of the particle· rotor model. Characteristic features of the Ml transitions as well as the energy spectrum are well reproduced by the present calculation. We have found that the Corio lis interaction gives rise to an appreciable amount of rotation alignment. A remarkable point of the result is that the alignment of a level comes not from all the j's around but from a few specific j-orbitals. The resultant rotational bands are well characterized by the j's which contribute to their rotation-alignment. Recently a great deal of experimental and theoretical efforts have been devoted to the study of nuclear rotational motion. A central problem is how the collective rotation affects the internar structure. A prominent effect of the nuclear rotation as a whole is to cause particles to align their spin with the total angular momentum. The particles moving in unique-parity orbitals couple most strongly with the collec tive rotation and most easily align their angular momenta with the total spin. The backbending of yrast bands of many deformed even nuclides is explained as a crossing of a band of the ground state configuration with a band in which two particles in unique-parity orbitals are rotation-aligned. We mean by unique-parity orbitals the ones which are shifted downward. in energy by strong spin-orbit interaction into the region of orbitals with principal quantum number less by one and with the opposite parity. Typical examples are h11!2 and i13/2• We will call other orbitals the normal parity orbitals. A rotational band based on a quasiparticle moving in unique-parity orbitals (a unique-parity rotational band) in odd-mass nuclides is also characterized by rotation alignment. Without the Coriolis interaction, it would constitute a regular rotational band characterized by a specific value of Q. Actually such a band splits into two sequences, each of which is composed of levels differing in spin by 2ft. These two sequences are discriminated by the quantum number called signature, which is defined as + ( _1)1-1/2. Signature is a quantum number associated with the invariance of a system with quadrupole deformation under rotation by 180 0


The deprotonation under basic conditions of the keto-phosphane ligand in complexes {Ru(Cp)[η1-P-Ph2PCH2C(=O)tBu](PPh3)(L)}[PF6] (L = CO or PMe3) that arise from the addition of L to {Ru(Cp)[η2-P,O-Ph2PCH2C(tBu)=O](PPh3)}[PF6] generates {Ru+(Cp)[η1-P-Ph2PCH=C(tBu)O–](PPh3)(L)} zwitterionic species, as shown by an X-ray crystal structure determination (L = CO). The removal of the triphenylphosphane ligand is subsequently achieved under thermal activation to afford the neutral derivatives Ru(Cp)[η2-P,O-Ph2PCH=C(tBu)O](L). A further protonation step is sufficient to complete the formation of the new complex {Ru(Cp)[η2-P,O-Ph2PCH2C(tBu)=O](PMe3)}[PF6], which reacts in methanolat reflux with 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol to afford thesix-membered metallacyclic derivative {Ru(Cp)[η2-C,P:C(CH=CPh2)OC(tBu)=CH–PPh2](PMe3)}[PF6], as shown by an X-ray single crystal analysis. The synthesis of related η5-indenyl ruthenium complexes and of {Ru(Cp)(=C=CH2)[Ph2PCH2C(=O)tBu](PR3)}[PF6] (PR3 = PPh3 or PMe3) vinylidene complexes is also reported. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


While the primary role of schools is to provide academic instruction, they are also one of the primary institutions through which we socialize our children. One aspect of this socializing role involves the prevention of aggressive or violent behavior. Over 75% of U.S. schools use some sort of prevention curriculum to deal with behavior problems; and many schools use more than one prevention strategy (Gottfredson, Gottfredson, Czeh, Cantor, Crosse, & Hantman, 2000). Most school-based prevention programs are universal programs. That is, they are implemented on a school-wide basis or delivered to entire classes of students regardless of the risk status of the student participants. In addition to these universal efforts, schools often intervene with individual students who are aggressive or violent or they target at-risk students for special prevention efforts. These types of interventions for specially selected students are called selected or indicated prevention programs (Mrazek & Haggerty, 1994).


A series of articles in this issue of the journal are based on a study designed to evaluate the policy of the Government of Ghana to exempt women from paying for delivery care. Beyond answering the specific questions identified for the evaluation, the findings of this research will have wide implications for policy formulation and implementation, not just in our efforts to improve maternity care and save women's lives in Ghana but also other social interventions intended to reduce poverty and improve the wellbeing of Ghanaians.

I wish to comment briefly on the findings of the evaluation with specific reference to the thorny issues of service delivery and quality of care.

The first observation is that unfortunately, the period of implementation of the policy in the two regions, Central Region and Volta Region was too short to draw conclusions on the potential long term impact of the policy on service delivery and quality of care.

During the relatively short time the policy was being implemented, facilities and service providers tried hard to make it work because most of them were in favour of the policy. It is also reassuring to know that over short periods of time, the health care delivery system is capable of absorbing significant shocks as demonstrated by the evaluation. Had the implementation period been longer, say four or five years, a clearer and, perhaps, more definitive picture may have emerged about the cumulative impact of work overload and fatigue on service providers and the scarcity and shortage of medicines and supplies at different facility levels.

Even though it was implemented for a relatively short time, particularly in the Volta Region, and there was some confusion about its provisions, the evidence suggests that the policy led to significant and positive changes in care-seeking behaviour, resulting in more women seeking delivery in hospitals or clinics under the supervision of trained care providers. All professional groups interviewed reported working longer hours and seeing more patients. Not surprisingly, midwives, with a mean increase of eight deliveries per week and average increase in working hours of 17 per week, were most affected by these changes. In the medium to long term, these situations were bound to have adverse effects on service availability and quality of care. It is generally expected that when the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) gets into full swing, demand for services, including delivery services, will increase significantly. These, likely, will pose serious challenges to services delivery and the quality of care unless supply side constraints are addressed. As the report puts it, "many basic obstetric care facilities (including health centres and the private clinics and maternity homes) in Ghana generally have resource constraints and therefore have limited capacity to cope with an increase demand of services".

The evaluation found no change in the quality of clinical care before or after the introduction of the policy in the two regions. This can only be explained by the fact that "the clinical care provided in hospitals was very poor both before and after the implementation of the policy". Considerable problems exist, nonetheless, in terms of quality of care provided at all levels of service provision.

The purpose of the policy was to increase the number of the women delivering in facilities and under the care of trained attendants. The goal was to reduce delivery related maternal and peri-natal mortality and morbidity. The evaluation found an increase in the absolute numbers of mothers dying from delivery-related complications in both regions although institutional MMRs declined. Sadly, one must conclude that the introduction of the policy, per se, has not changed the situation on the ground for pregnant women.

The findings related to clinical quality of care point to the urgent need for an objective re-appraisal of our training, operational supervisory guidelines. If these are the conditions existing in our facilities now, what will happen when women accept the offer of fee-free deliveries and the benefits of the NHIS and flock to our hospitals and health centres for delivery?

Undoubtedly, pay and conditions of service, including incentives and other matters affecting staff morale such as opportunities for promotion and appreciation, do affect performance. It would, however, appear that lack of adequate supportive supervision may also be a major factor in the poor quality of services currently available in our maternity hospitals and clinics. We also need to emphasize the role of continuing education and refresher courses for all staff, especially those who have been working for many years in relative isolation in rural health centres and hospitals if acceptable standards of clinical care are to be maintained.

Dr. Andrew Arkutu, FRCOG

Reproductive Health Specialist and Advocate, Management Strategies for Africa

P.O.Box K.A.30377, Accra-Ghana


At first glance, william march (1893–1954) and eugene b. Sledge (1923–2001) would appear to have had little in common. March was a businessman, bachelor, world traveler, and professional man of letters who was at home in the literary and artistic circles of New York, London, and New Orleans. Sledge was a scientist, family man, lifelong Alabama resident, and university professor. March was an enigmatic man of apparent contradictions who took great care to shield his private life and deepest beliefs from public scrutiny and whose family and literary executors scrupulously honored his reticence in this regard. "William March was a private person," the trust officer of the Merchants National Bank of Mobile wrote to March's biographer, Roy S. Simmonds, in 1977, "[h]e did not indulge himself with confidants, and retained no scrap of writtten [sic] documentation of intimate quality." "His work will stand on its own," she concluded, "and his private life will remain his own. For all practical purposes, he took it with him."1 By contrast, the main elements of Sledge's personal history and opinions are in the public domain, and he has posthumously become a celebrated public figure with his family's support and endorsement. Despite these differences of circumstance and temperament, however, there are interesting similarities between the two men.


ErbB4 is a member of the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family. It has both pro‐ and anti‐oncogenic activities in tumors. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a phenomenon in which cancer cells form capillary‐like structures without endothelial cells, has been recognized to be a cause of malignant phenotypes in some solid tumors. Here, we used an in vitro VM formation assay, and demonstrated that ErbB4 negatively regulated VM formation in human breast cancer cells. By using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene knockout, we verified that the depletion of endogenous ErbB4 improved the VM formation capability. Although treatment with neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a ligand of ErbB4, induced the phosphorylation of ErbB4 and promoted VM formation in a dose‐dependent manner, it did not induce such activities in kinase‐dead K751M ErbB4‐overexpressing cells. Moreover, we examined the effect of the missense mutation E872K of ErbB4, which has been reported in multiple tumors, on VM formation, and found that the mutation enhanced the basal phosphorylation level and ErbB4‐mediated VM formation in the absence of NRG1 stimulation. Whereas NRG1 stimulated VM formation, excessive activation of ErbB4 induced a negative effect. In E872K ErbB4‐overexpressing cells, but not in wild‐type ErbB4‐overexpressing cells, the number of VM tubes was significantly decreased by low‐dose treatment with the ErbB inhibitor afatinib. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the significance of ErbB4‐mediated VM formation, and suggested the possibility of ErbB4 mutations as effective targets in breast cancer.


The science that humans are the cause of global warming, and that the associated climate change would lead to serious changes in climate extreme events, food production, freshwater resources, biodiversity, human mortality, etc. is unequivocal. After several political negotiations, a 2 °C warming has been considered to be the benchmark for such damaging changes. However, an increasing amount of scientific research indicates that higher levels of warming are increasingly likely. What would the world be like if such higher levels of warming occurred? This study aims to provide information for better politically driven mitigation through an investigation of the changes in temperature‐ and precipitation‐based extreme indices using CMIP5 (coupled model intercomparison project phase 5) simulations of a warming of 1, 2, and 3 °C in China. Warming simulations show more dramatic effects in China compared with the global average. In general, the results show relatively small change signals in climate extreme events in China at 1 °C, larger anomalies at 2 °C, and stronger and more extended anomalies at 3 °C. Changes in the studied temperature indices indicate that warm events would be more frequent and stronger in the future, and that cold events would be reduced and weakened. For changes in the precipitation indices, extreme precipitation generally increases faster than total wet‐day precipitation, and China will experience more intensified extreme precipitation events. Furthermore, the risk of flooding is projected to increase, and the dry conditions over northern China are projected to be mitigated. In certain regions, particularly Southwest China, the risks of both drought and flood events would likely increase despite the decreased total precipitation in the future. Uncertainties mainly derived from inter‐model and scenario variabilities are attached to these projections, but a high model agreement can be generally observed in the likelihood of these extreme changes.


Abstract. Time dependent TRANSP analysis indicates that radial redistribution of fast ions is unlikely to affect the central current density in hybrid plasmas sufficient to raise q (0) above unity. The role of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) has been central to the discussion of core current density and sawtooth suppression in Hybrid plasmas [1,2]. One hypothesis is that NTMs may redistribute co-injected beam ions, thereby reducing the net current density on axis sufficient to suppress sawteeth. Another idea is that the m/n =3/2 mode couples to a 2/2 sideband that drives counter current in the plasma core through differential rotation when the core rotates faster than the island in the co-beam direction. Yet another notion is that some anomalous resistivity occurs in the core of hybrid plasmas that suppresses the ohmic current density on axis [3]. Other mechanisms have also been proposed. In this paper we address the question whether the radial redistribution of beam ions alone is capable of suppressing the current density on axis sufficient to avoid sawteeth in hybrid plasmas. Our preliminary conclusion is that a broadening of the fast ion distribution is unlikely to affect the central current density in hybrid plasmas. This is due to a reduction in the beam driven current associated with the broadening of the fast ion profile and consequent increase in the centrally peaked inductive current. Figure 1 shows a hybrid discharge with


We do our theological thinking as concrete, historical human beings in medias res. We cannot start von oben, from God's perspective, looking down upon the world and history as from a weather satellite. We begin, instead, von unten, in history and as historical beings. We are not watchers on the hill, observing the human beings struggling through the valley below. Nor do we begin "once upon a time," in illo tempore, but in these days, with the perplexities and exigencies by which our tasks are set. The conditions of our thinking are well stated by Whitehead: "The elucidation of immediate experience is the sole justification for any thought; and the starting-point for thought is the analytic observation of components of this experience."' We should add the qualification that for Whitehead there is more to immediate experience than meets the eye of presentational immediacy. The depths of the past are present in it to such an extent that immediate experience is virtually inexhaustible. Also, it is pregnant with anticipation. Immediate experience is historical, internally related to every item in its past actual world. Theology, hence, should both start as reflection on lived experience and test all theological concepts for adequacy to that experience. If it does so, it will not have a "problem" of evil and will, at most, encounter that problem only as a formal problem, that is, a problem in deductive reasoning that started with the wrong premises. Theologies that begin with lived experience recognize the reality of evil as a given, as something concretely encountered in history, and as something from which escape or deliverance is sought. Jewish theology begins with the reality of slavery in Egypt and subsequent deliverance in the Exodus. Christian theology begins by facing the cruelty of crucifixion and oppression at the hands of a Roman procurator and declares that such evil powers do not have the last word in history. Latin American theologies start with an analysis of poverty and dependence and articulate a theology for liberation. Black theology gets off the ground by describing a heritage of slavery and racism and seeks within


The effects of gamma irradiation of various levels on the current-voltage characteristics for the (In2O3)0.1 (TeO2)0.9 thin films, prepared by thermal evaporation in vacuum, have been studied in detail. The current increases linearly with the gamma radiation dose up to certain dose and decreases thereafter. The sensitivity of these thin films, at different applied voltages in the range 0–4.8 V, has been found to be in the range 35–190 mA/cm 2/Gy. Correspondingly, the minimum measurable dose has been found to be in the range 0.05–0.26 mGy. The values of the sensitivity are reasonably high in comparison to the commercially available gamma radiation dosimeters, revealing high scope for further developments.


The Church Awakens: African-Americans and the Struggle for Justice. Curated by Mark J. Duffy and Maribeth Kobza Betton (Austin, Texas: The Episcopal Church Archives, 2008, www.episcopalarchives.org/AfroAmerican_history_exhibit. ) More than thirty years ago, I wrote a dissertation tracing the story of the Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity (ESCRU) from its roots in the history of Anglican Christianity and the American people to its demise in 1970. In many ways, ESCRU is a microcosm of the struggle for racial justice in church and society. While both the Anglican Theological Review and the Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church (the predecessor of this journal) dared to publish articles drawn from my research, no church-related publisher would touch the material in book form. "This is interesting stuff," one editor told me. "Too bad it can never be published." That editor was wrong. Three decades later, the story which was once unpublishable lest highly-placed church leaders be offended is now freely accessible - and through the official website of the Episcopal Church's own archives. When I undertook my research, ESCRU's papers were stored in twenty-plus cartons which had never been touched since the national headquarters were closed. Now those documents are preserved with all the skill and care they merit, and this website makes numerous samples readily available, along with a treasure-trove of other materials - ninety-year-old silent film footage of the Episcopal Church's black colleges, radio interviews, sermons, letters, publicity materials, photographs, and more. Like all authentic church history, the story of the struggle for racial justice in the Episcopal Church is about people - many of them now anonymous, others remembered for the highly visible role they played in the story. The website is divided into six sections: "Legacy," "Divergence," "ESCRU," "Transitions," "The Special Program," and "Awakening." Each section includes several pages of written text interpreting the topic, displays carefully chosen materials that illustrate the textual material, cites relevant sources and background material, provides links to other websites, and offers the opportunity to "send a reflection or comment." This last element seems especially important, given the fact that many people still active in the Episcopal Church will find the contents not only of historical interest but compellingly personal. The section on "Legacy" which begins the website traces the civil rights movement from its origins in the experience of slavery through the long and often bitter narrative of the various ways in which African Americans participated in - or were excluded from - the life of the church well into the twentieth century. "Divergence" is the title given to a consideration of the institutions by which the Episcopal Church acquiesced in the myth of "separate but equal" Christianity and the ways in which those institutions nevertheless fostered black leadership and kept the dream of racial justice alive. ESCRU, the Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity, is given its own section of the website. The resources it provides permit the reader-viewer to relive something of the passion of the times when the Episcopal Church claimed a vision of "change through unity," cited as ESCRU's "ideal" and one which "lives on and continues to be an organizing cultural ethic of the Anglican tradition" ("Legacy," 1). …


A process for the preparation of highly concentrated, transparent and long-term stable nanosize titanium dioxide dispersions with a particle size of between 2 and 50 nm, characterized, in that (a) an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide Ti (OR) (b) the TiO


Recent evidence suggests that predictable components in excess stock and bond returns can be attributed to common risk factors which may be associated with macroeconomic conditions. This paper considers theoretical reasons which seem to support the view that a relative measure of risk premia may capture additional information about changing macroeconomic conditions. Time series regressions are executed on two UK stock indices and one UK bond index from January 1965 - December 1994. The results suggest that relative measures of risk premia account for more of the predictability in UK excess stock and bond returns that absolute measures of risk premia.


Background: The use of ultrasound to evaluate cervical anatomy and to guide tracheal puncture in real‐time has been advocated to improve safety and efficacy of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) in intensive care.


Urbanization, as a part of development in Republic of Serbia, left a deep track on a Kolubara's district. Intensity and character of this process is examined whit appliance of different analyses and comparison of gotten facts.


This paper set out to empirical investigate the relationship between financial intermediation and economic growth in Nigeria using time series data spanning from 1986 to 2014. The output of our empirical analysis reflect that all the data used in the process of research are stationary after first differencing in the order of 1 (1), the output of the OLS shows that M2 and IIR has a positive and significant influence on the growth of the Nigeria economy while other variable are negatively significant. Mine while, the result of the granger causality test shows that there exist a causality flow between RGDP, IIR and, PSC with causality flowing from RGDP to financial Intermediation indicators (IRR and PSC) respectively. Judging by the output of this research, it show that in the Nigeria context, economic growth determine financial sector development. This suggest that financial Intermediation activities in Nigeria is demand following while the economy is leading. The economic implication of this is that the financial sectors out-rightly rely on the growth of the economy.


In order to evaluate expressway slope stability rapidly and accurately based on a small amount of indoor and field tests during initial survey,this paper presents a new slope stability assessment method.Based on slope data from Fujian expressways,field slope stability condition was investigated,and 14 factors that might affect the slope stability were collected;then the Logistic stepwise regression was used to select significant factors,and finally a slope stability evaluation Logistic regression model with significant factors as independent variables and field slope stability condition as dependent variable was established.This model meets goodness-of-fit test,it is very stable,and its predictive results are very accurate.Moreover,the factors investigated are relatively easy to obtain;the model can handle qualitative variables;it can also assess the slope stability conveniently and rapidly.Thus,the Logistic regression method for slope stability evaluation can be widely applied to expressway slope engineering.


The ability of subjects to estimate the distance to a sound source in a room relies on the integration of a number of different cues: sound intensity level, direct-to-reverberant energy ratio, spectral content and binaural cues, among others. This work examines how the perception of auditory distance is modified for a particular sound field: the transmitted field of an acoustic source through a sonic crystal slab in a semi-reverberant room. A series of experiments were performed comparing the egocentric distance to a sound source passing and not passing through the sonic crystal, using an acoustical virtual environment whereby some of the auditory distance cues could be manipulated. The results obtained show that the presence of the sonic crystal introduces significant shifts on the auditory distance perception. These shifts are correlated with the spatial and spectral variation of the acoustical properties of the sonic crystal. Also, it was possible to determine the relative influence of the manipulated ...


Nowadays, with the highly developed science-technology, particular taking communication, computer, and internet as represent, the development of Internet technology has changed with each passing day, and makes people dazzled. Owing to the development and application of Internet technology in politics, economics, culture, and various fields, Internet have quickly universal and get certain social dependence. Now, Internet become the economic base and lifeblood, become the great driving force of social and economic growth. Its position grows in importance. However, the arguments about the two technic B/S and C/S which is superior or inferior, who stands for technical tidal are the questions main technical trend study enterprises and the consumers controvert. So, this article introduce the develop application software of both B/S and C/S's structure system respectively, which recommend their features and shortages. Meanwhile, the article advances a kind of method of overcoming those deficiencies. At last, the prospect and security have been concerned in result of some investigations and discussions.


For introductory courses in computer literacy.Written to provide all students with an opportunity to learn and demonstrate computer and Internet literacy.Computer Literary for IC3 was written to align with a certification called Internet and Computing Core Certification (IC3). This certification is for users who want to demonstrate critical computer and Internet skills valued in todays academic and professional environments. The Computer Literacy for IC3 text is written to meet the certification standards and provide students with a broad understanding of the key components of computer literacy in order to prepare for the exam. ** This is a one-chapter supplement. **


Objective To investigate the expression of oncogene SALL4 in martine-induced apoptosis of human acute leukemia THP-1 cells as well as its significance.Methods THP-1 cells were treated with 1.0,1.5 and 2.0 g / L matrine respectively and observed for morphological change by electron microscopy 24,48 and 72 h later,while determined for proliferative activity by MTT method,for apoptosis rate by flow cytometry,and for expression of SALL4 mRNA by RT-PCR.Results The THP-1 cells 24 h after treatment with matrine showed apoptotic morphology at various degrees.The matrine at various concentrations inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of THP-1 cells significantly,both in dose-and time-dependent modes(P 0.05).However,the expression levels of SALL4 mRNAs in THP-1 cells treated with martine at various concentrations decreased significantly as compared with those in control group,in dose-and time-dependent mode(P 0.05).Conclusion The down-regulation of SALL4 gene expression might play an important role in martine-induced apoptosis of THP-1 cells.


Sometimes f. is used for fern., and similarly, m. for masc. Also, it would have been useful to correct the errors in the reprinted articles by adding endnotes with updated commentary. For instance, on page 153, Argobba tuwal 'long' is said to derive from Arabic tawil. It derives from the plural of tawll, viz., tuwal. The Arabic month is ramaddn and not as listed (p. 153), and another Arabic month is du Iqa'ida, not du Iqi'ida (p. 153). The author, the leading authority on the Semitic languages of Ethiopia for many decades, has prepared yet another erudite description and organized lexicon of a dying Ethio-Semitic language. This alone makes this tome a notable contribution to the field, since descriptions of endangered languages are of paramount importance.


A guide for students conducting research as part of a speech writing assignment, as well as a resource to aid in finding existing speeches and rhetorical compositions. Locate Books @ Osterlin


: One of the important issue in Wireless sensor network is to extend the lifetime of the network by using the energy efficiently that are offered in each node of the network. An Adaptive routing protocol for a wireless sensor system is acquainted which enhances the survivability of the system by adequately utilizing the vitality of the sensor network. The Dynamic clustering approach provides a scalable and energy efficient solution for data transmission in Wireless Sensor Network. In this paper, a residual energy based adaptive routing protocol for a cluster-based wireless sensor network is proposed to adjust the energy utilization of inter-cluster communication and improve the lifetime of wireless sensor network. The Simulation results of the proposed work shows that adaptive routing protocol balances the energy utilization in inter-cluster communication, enhances the vitality productivity and increment the system lifetime.


Device (1) for adjusting the position between two bodywork elements of a motor vehicle consisting respectively of a front wing (2) and of a front door (3), comprising a framework (10) and the following means: - at least one upper linking means (5) linking respective upper parts of the two bodywork elements (2; 3), said upper linking means (5) being mounted on an upper part of said framework (10); - at least one lower linking means (6) linking respective lower parts of the two bodywork elements (2; 3), said lower linking means being mounted on a lower part of said framework (10); - at least one peg (70) mounted so that it can slide along said framework (10) and intended to be inserted in the gap between the two bodywork elements; and means for holding the framework (10) on the respective bodywork elements, said holding means being attached to said framework (10). The present invention finds an application in the automotive field.


This paper shows the results of seismic research on some problems of sulphur in situ mining. Before the field measurements we constructed seismogeological model and calculated the synthetic seismograms. It is observed a good correlation between the state of the exploited deposit and quality of reflections on seismic records. The use of seismic method to determine the range of subsidence provoked by well mining of sulphur is presented. Comparison of the seismic sections before and during exploitation creates the possibility to determine the process of changing structure of the deposit and overburden strata and using this information for technological purposes. The water saturated zones are observed on seismic record as a zone without reflections and with decay of seismic energy. The information from few seismic profiles allows to construct the seismic map with situation of water saturated zones between damaged well and place with technological water on surface. Two examples of the seismic investigation conducted on the well mining of sulphur area are presented. Both are connected with the danger to main road on the surface caused by technological water uncontrolled flow.


Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of endoscopic dilatation combined with submucosal injection of tfiamcinolone acetonide in treatment of benign esophageal stricture. Methods The patients of benign esophageal stricture proved by biopsy were randomly divided into three groups. Group A were treated by expansion only, group B were injected with triamcinolone acetonide submucosal combined with expansion, and we treated group C by another injection a week later on the basis of treatment in group B. A 12 months' follow-up was conducted, the dysphagia score, the cure rate. time to sustained symptom re- lief, re-expansion time interval and adverse reactions were recorded. Results Some patients experienced chest pain and regurgitation after the procedure and all improved by corresponding managements. No compli- cations including massive bleeding, infection, perforation or local tissue atrophy were observed. The dysphagia scores in 3 groups after the procedure were all improved ( P 〈 0. 05 ) , and no significant difference was noticed between 3 groups ( P 〉 0. 05 ). At the end of the follow-up, the duration of dysphagia remission and the interval between 2 consecutive dilatation in Group A were 14.4 ± 3.2 weeks and 18.2 ± 3.7 weeks, respectively, which were significant shorter than those in Group B (19. 3 ± 3.9 weeks and 24. 6 ± 4. 2 weeks, respectively) and those in Group C (20. 2 ± 4. 2 weeks and 26. 1 ± 4. 5 weeks, respectively) , while there was no difference between Groups B and C. The cure rate in Group C (43.5% , 10/23 ) was significantlyhigher than that of Group A (29.2%, 7/24) or Group B (27.3% , 6/22) , while there was no difference between Groups A and B. Conclusion Endoscopic dilatation combined with submucosal injection of triamcinolone acetonide is safe and may improve the symptoms of dysphagia and delay the re-stenosis for patients with benign esophageal stricture, meanwhile, multi-frequency treatment may improve the cure rate.

Key words:
Triamcinolone acetonide;  Esophageal stricture;  Submucosal injection


The magnetooptic and elastic properties of the reentrant and common high-temperature nematic phases of comb-shaped polyesters differing in the length of a flexible spacer in the backbone were studied. It was shown that the optical anisotropy Δn and the order parameter S change smoothly, without any jumps at the points of nematic-smectic A-reentrant nematic-smectic C phase transitions. The equilibrium properties of the reentrant nematic phase are qualitatively similar to the properties of the common nematic phase. For the reentrant nematic, the values of the bend elastic constant K 3 were abnormally high. This phenomenon is explained by the existence of the nuclei of the short-range smectic order in this phase. For the reentrant and high-temperature nematics, an increase in the length of a flexible spacer in the backbone of the polymers under study has almost no effect on the values of the order parameter S and the elastic constants K i .


Objective Based on animal models and human studies, there is now strong suspicion that host/microbiota mutualism in the context of gut microbial dysbiosis could influence immunity and multiple sclerosis (MS) evolution. Our goal was to seek evidence of deregulated microbiota-induced systemic immune responses in patients with MS. Methods We investigated gut and systemic commensal-specific antibody responses in healthy controls (n = 32), patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 30), and individuals with clinically isolated syndromes (CISs) (n = 15). Gut microbiota composition and diversity were compared between controls and patients by analysis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. Autologous microbiota and cultivable bacterial strains were used in bacterial flow cytometry assays to quantify autologous serum IgG and secretory IgA responses to microbiota. IgG-bound bacteria were sorted by flow cytometry and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results We show that commensal-specific gut IgA responses are drastically reduced in patients with severe MS, disease severity being correlated with the IgA-coated fecal microbiota fraction (r = −0.647, p < 0.0001). At the same time, IgA-unbound bacteria elicit qualitatively broad and quantitatively increased serum IgG responses in patients with MS and CIS compared with controls (4.1% and 2.5% vs 1.9%, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions Gut and systemic microbiota/immune homeostasis are perturbed in MS. Our results argue that defective IgA responses in MS are linked to a breakdown of systemic tolerance to gut microbiota leading to an enhanced triggering of systemic IgG immunity against gut commensals occurring early in MS.


Terlemezyan, H., M. Sargsyan, H. Harutyunyan, S. Sargsyan and N. Zarikian. 2023. Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Controlling the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(3): 272-277. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-041.3.272277 The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a palearctic pest, has been the target of an international control campaign. Agricultural production areas in Armenia were identified as lacking effective control in 2019- 2020. The results of using a mixture of bacterial and chemical insecticides (BTTER-55 + Coragen, BTTER-94 + Coragen) were effective in controlling this pest. Coragen combined with sublethal concentration of bacterial insecticides (BTTER-55 + Coragen, BTTER-94 + Coragen) showed high biological efficiency against young larvae of grapevine moth under vineyard conditions. It has been proven also that, Coragen together with the applied insecticides that fell on the soil after spraying were less dangerous ecologically since they reduced the number of soil-living ammonifiers for only a short period (1-2 months). In addition, results obtained confirmed that the bacterial insecticides BTTER-55 and BTTER-94 differed in morphological and physiological features, particularly in the size of vegetative cells and spores formed by them, as well as in the size of insecticidal crystalline bodies, colonies shape and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen sources. Keywords: Armenia, European grapevine moth, insecticide, Invasive pests, Plant protection.


This study was undertaken to search for a rational basis for the use of internal sphinctermyectomy (SphMy) in constipated children. Clinical course and outcome of 31 children treated 1970-1995 by SphMy (median age 3.5 yr)was studied in a retrospective analysis. 40 sphincteric muscle specimens (including 10 specimens after repeated SphMy) were re-evaluated using conventional staining and histochemical methods. All patients (pts.) suffered from severe chronic constipation. Anorectal manometry, contrast radiograph, and mucosal biopsy were performed for diagnosis. Preoperatively, 13 pts. had a therapeutic anal dilation. Re-classification of cases revealed Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in four children (three after Rehbein's operation), internal anal sphincter (IAS) achalasia associated with aganglionosis of IAS in eight children, intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B (IND-B) in 10 children, and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in nine children. Furthermore, fibrosis and scarring was conspicuous in 11 specimens. Significant improvement was achieved in 4/4 pts. with HD; 10/10 pts. with IAS achalasia; 6/8 pts. with IND-B (lost follow up 2pts.), and 5/9pts. with CIC. Histological evaluation revealed exclusively smooth muscle tissue in 19 specimens. Different amounts of striated muscle were evident in 21 specimens. Reduction of anal resting pressure after SphMy was not significant (preoperatively 80 ′ 10 cm H 2 O; 1.5 to 10 yr postoperatively 75 ′ 5 cm H 2 O; n = 15). We conclude, that success of SphMy depends on the type of the underlying pathophysiology. SphMy is appropriate for children with IAS achalasia (ultrashort HD). The majority of children with IND-B and CIC can be treated conservatively. Only in selected pts. of both groups SphMy may be considered for therapy. At operation, separation of the muscle stripe has to avoid damage of the dorsal and cranial structures of the anorectal muscle complex. Repeated and forceful manipulations may induce local scarring and impairment of sphincter function.


Objective To reduce the cerebral ischemic complications of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the risk factors was evaluated. Methods Sixty five sequent patients of CABG were detected by means of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) before operation regularly. The morphology and hemodynamic changes of carotid artery and intracranial vessels,including the intima media thickness, atherosclerosis plaque of carotid artery and the stenotic rate of the arteries were investigated. Results The abnormal CDFI finding occurred in 57 cases. Thirteen patients had carotid stenosis 50%, in which 6 cases showed 50%-69% carotid stenosis in one side and 2 in two side, 1 case showed 70%-99% carotid stenosis in two side , and 4 cases showed one side occlusion and the other side stenosis 50% .Intracranial artery atherosclerosis was detected by TCD,in which single vessel stenosis happened in 8 cases, multi vessel stenosis were 25 cases.Two patients(3 1%) died early after surgery, 2 cases developed postoperative myocardiac infarction .It is showed that the difference between the occurred ratio of intima media thickness and atherosclerosis plaque of carotid artery with three vessel coronary artery diseases was higher than those in two vessel (χ 2=4.37, 8.56; P =0 034, 0.013). Conclusions Detecting the atherosclerosis of carotid artery and intracranial arteries of the patients before CABG by CDFI and TCD is a very useful method. It is valued in decreasing the incidence of cerebral ischemic complications during CABG and increasing the efficiency of the coronary artery surgery.


A key aspect in the design of slabs for collecting mineral, is the determination of the maximum pressure low mineral stockpile, and its location, given the pressure drop in the central part of the base of a stockpile. This pressure drop causes that the maximum pressure moves away from center of the stockpile, and it was less than the hydrostatic pressure.
Despite the efforts made by the scientific community to determine the factors that influence in the change of pressure under the stockpile, there is no consensus about the factors that influence or the method of calculation to determine the maximum pressure. Therefore, this contribution seeks and presents a new method for the determination of the maximum pressure low mineral stockpile, adapting the method of Janssen for silos.

Keywords: Janssen's Method, maximum pressure, mineral stockpiles, predictive method


The 2001 motion picture Bones, starring gangsta rapper-turned-actor Snoop Dogg, is perhaps not the most "serious" horror movie ever made. Near the end, while on his bloody rampage to destroy the murderers who turned him into a revenant, lead character Jimmy Bones, played by Snoop, decapitates his victims and carries about their still-talking severed heads, providing what some feel is an awkward sequence of comic relief. Yet the film also less humorously portrays popular elements of the African American sacred world, ones Snoop Dogg himself to some extent incorporates. Among other things, Bones leads us to consider the history of ghost dogs in black folklore.1 The spectral hound in Bones, part vengeful spirit, part corporeal dog, acts as a familiar and helps bring about the resurrection of Jimmy Bones. Their symbiotic relationship signifies distinct, layered connections between Snoop and earlier properties of African American culture. The dog is no exception to the complexity of folk processes in ultimately being more than a scary story uprooted from a haunted countryside and placed in the film. In Bones, ghost dog lore is urbanized and ghettocentricized, representing the horrors of the turn-of-the-millennium inner city. Equally important to this study is how this symbol has developed. With Snoop, the devil dog blends with secular "badman" folklore and "dogg" iconography in black tradition. Popular conceptions of dangerous masculinity and the dogg persona help provide for a unique manifestation of the modern supernatural canine. I rely here on Eithne Quinn's works, which interrogate the gangsta rapper as badman as well as African American vernacular uses of "dog," the latter remaining underexplored by scholars (Quinn 1999, 2005). Her grounding of Snoop Dogg in the black cultural past has influenced the following analysis. Finally, Bones is not the only recent movie to suggest the ghost dog amidst filmic conventions of the hood. The subtle spectral environment of G^osr Dog: The Way of the Samurai (2000) is highlighted and compared. Origins2 The devil dog, or black dog, has a rich history in western culture. The Egyptian god of death Anubis was pictured with a dog's head, while "[t]he Greeks and Romans associated dogs with Hecate, goddess of the infernal regions and of witchcraft" (Woods 230). Large black hounds with fiery eyes haunt locations and follow people at night in German folklore. In Britain, the Barguest is a shape shifting demon dog, although other specters are viewed as less-antagonistic ghosts of human beings or of dogs (Briggs 115). The supernatural creature survived the trip across the Atlantic and appears in the "wonder" records of early New England. At Salem, Sarah Carrier was promised a black dog for her witchcraft. During a trip into the woods, William Barker encountered "the Shape of a black dog w'ch looked Verry fercly Upon him" (Hall 88). While African animistic and ancestor beliefs (and tales about dogs) played some role in the existence of the ghost dog in African American lore, European sources likely provided a larger inspiration than what has heretofore been recognized. In his article on black spirits, Elliott Gorn correctly notes the amalgamation of traditions that shaped slave ghost stories (Gorn 551-52). However, I feel that the dog ghost is mistakenly identified as African in origin due to his reliance on J. Mason Brewer, who was unaware of the motif's larger existence in America beyond black usage. Also, Brewer's focus was on tales of benevolent canine spirits, hence his citation of an African myth about the dog as a helper to man (Brewer 3). To be sure, non-Anglo ethnic sources should not be ignored. Jennifer Hildebrand has recently argued that Igbo belief in the transmigration of spirits lay behind tales of humans in animal form (Hildebrand 127-52). But to the best of my knowledge, the question of a specific West African tradition involving ghost dogs, or humans as dogs, remains an open one. …


It has been recognized that collagen peptides of MW 878 Da (CP1) promote osteoblast proliferation and mineralization. The objective of this study is to identify the peptides responsible for proliferation of osteoblast growth, enhancement of ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity in osteoblasts and promotion of osteoblast mineralization. To this end, the CP1 were fractioned by a series of chromatography procedures, and 51 peptides from the fraction possessing the most powerful cell proliferation ability were identified by LC-MS-MS. The peptides, GPAGPSGPAGK and GPPGSPGPR, were validated on a simultaneous basis as possessing enhanced bioactivity-inducing properties. In particular, the ALP activity of the cells treated with these two peptides was almost twice that of the control cells. Hydrogen bonds were formed, and the hydrophobic interactions with the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) might be responsible for the osteoblast proliferation activity. On this basis, the two peptides might be potential lead compounds against osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.


Introduction: Globally, there were 821 million undernourished people in 2017 (11% of the total population). Under nutrition is more common in developing countries. In India, even today, after six decades of independence and despite various initiatives, the condition of undernourished children remains a cause of concern in the country. Magnitude of the problem become clearer by our research on assessment of nutritional status of children aged 5-14 years in rural areas of Kanpur. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among 410 randomly selected children of age 5 to 14 years in the rural field areas of Rama medical College & Research Centre. Sample size 410 was calculated by using statistical formula n ≥ 4p q/L. Data was collected and analyzed by using appropriate statistical software and tools. Results: The education of the parents of study subjects and their nutritional status was found to be statistically significant (X2=15.66 P=0.001).The association between socioeconomic class of children and their nutritional status was found to be statistically significant (X2=10.284 p=0.016). Under weight children were found more in Joint Family 35%. Overall prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness (BMI<-2SD) for age/sex among children were 27.8%, 22.9% and 22% respectively. Study also concluded that prevalence of under nutrition was found to be higher among females as compared to males. Conclusion: The study shows undernourished children were found to be significantly associated with age, sex and education of the parents, socioeconomic class of the family and type of the family. It was significantly higher in females, age of puberty, children of uneducated mothers or of lower class family or belonging to joint family. Health education should be added in the school curriculum and it is needed to raise the maternal literacy particularly related to health care seeking behavior.


Discriminant analysis of 80 samples from the Western Carbonate Platform Facies and the Eastern Transitional Carbonate-Siliciclastic Platform Facies of the Gun River Formation (Lower Silurian) on Anticosti Island, Quebec, indicates the degree to which different conodont communities were related to particular lithofacies. The statistical analysis reveals that during most of the Gun River Formation deposition, the conodont distributional pattern of the Western Carbonate Platform Facies and the Eastern Transitional Carbonate-Siliciclastic Platform Facies of the formation remained stable, and that the boundary of the two facies oscillated eastward and westward. The analysis indicates quantitatively that Icriodella deflecta had a nearshore environmental preference, whereas Rexroadus kentuckyensis tended to reside in offshore environments. These two species play the most important role in differentiating conodont communities and determining the relationship between conodont communities and lithofacies among all of the 22 species known from the Gun River Formation.


We explain some applications of bicategories in both classical and quantum eld theory. This includes a modern perspective on some pioneering work of Max Kreuzer and Bert Schellekens on rational conformal eld theory.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address the topic of the social responsibility and the scientist from a philosophical perspective. This is a (relatively) neglected topic, as philosophers have tended to focus on moral responsibility. Nevertheless, it is important, and timely.

Design/methodology/approach

Analytical, based on the author's previous work. This is not an empirical study.

Findings

That it is essential for scientists to adopt a global outlook with respect to their social responsibilities. This is in (stark) contrast to the conclusion that would be reached for moral responsibility.

Research limitations/implications

In addition to offering some concrete proposals (see below), a general approach to the question is offered that will be useful for further work.

Practical implications

Were the suggestions for socially responsible science put into practice, then this would entail a re-orientation of some parts of scientific research; for instance, a moratorium on weapons research.

Social implications

The long-run social implications of not re-orienting science, for instance not to focus even more effort on climate change, will be negative in the extreme.

Originality/value

The social responsibility of science has always been important, but it is even more important today. By focussing on global responsibility, this paper offers a new approach.


Mid-infrared racetrack resonators are demonstrated working at 8μm wavelength. The devices are based on a graded SiGe platform providing low propagation loss on a large wavelength range in the mid-IR. Different resonators designs have been fabricated, with varying gap distances in the directional coupler. Q factors of more than 3000 have been experimentally demonstrated. These results pave the way towards compact mid-IR sensors or efficient active devices.


An efficient algorithm has been developed for the detection of clustered micro-calcifications in digitized film-screen mammograms. The calcification cluster detection algorithm involves a decision-theoretic mechanism which identifies calcifications meeting specific size, density, and clustering criteria. The algorithm first utilizes a pixel testing and region grouping procedure to identify pixels with specific intensity characteristics. A region growing procedure is then applied to identify pixels belonging to contiguous structures. Each single- and multi-pixel structure is subsequently tested against criteria for size, shape, contrast, and intensity to determine if the composite structure matches the expected characteristics of mammographic calcifications. Detected calcifications are then tested to determine if they fall within a cluster meeting specific density constraints. Only calcifications located in such clusters are marked in the processed image. This algorithmic process has been applied to mammograms from 40 clinical cases in which a biopsy was performed based on the presence of suspicious calcifications. The algorithm accurately identified the suspicious calcifications in each situation; in several cases, it also detected other clusters which were so fine as not to be visible in clinical screening.


We report the first observation of 29Si hyperfine spectra of the deep trapping center which dominates the electronic properties of silicon nitride films. Our results provide the first conclusive evidence that the center is a silicon ''dangling bond'' defect. Our results also demonstrate that the unpaired electron is highly localized (about 75%) on the central silicon and that the wave function is primarily p type.


China's energy market reform is characterized by "asymmetry" as a result of the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, leading to typical distortions in energy prices. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces during 2006–2018, this paper examines the impact of the price distortions of fossil energy sources (coal, oil, and natural gas) as well as renewable energy on China's economic growth and carbon emissions. The results show that coal price distortion is the highest among the fossil energy sources, followed by oil and natural gas. Renewable energy price is positively distorted. Not all price distortions of energy sources significantly impede economic growth—only those of coal and renewable energy. In contrast, oil and natural gas price distortions promote economic growth. All four energy price distortions contribute significantly to the increase in carbon emissions. Further analysis reveals that regional heterogeneity exists in the impact of energy price distortions on economic growth and carbon emissions. Additionally, this study finds that technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading, the investment effect, the optimization of energy consumption structure, and environmental regulations are important transmission mechanisms of energy price distortions affecting China's economic growth and carbon emissions. The findings of this study can help us to understand the relationship between energy price distortions and China's economic growth and carbon emissions, and provide a reference for formulating energy price reform policies that benefit the win-win development of China's economy and environment.


The invention discloses an open web type continuous steel bridge structure and a buckling, hanging and pouring method of a cantilever. The method comprises the following steps: (1) hollowing a web plate of a root area so as to ensure that a beam body of the root area is separated into an upper chord and a lower chord, and taking a main span diameter as the length of the root web plate; (2) taking the main span diameter as the total height of the root; (3) selecting the height of a solid-web beam, taking the height of a joining point of the upper chord and the lower chord as the length of the solid-web beam and taking the main span diameter as the height of a middle span; (4) taking the length of a hollowing area as the height of the upper chord beam; (5) taking the length of the main span diameter as the height of the lower chord beam, and changing the lower edge of the lower chord and the lower edge of the solid-web beam according to a continuous curve; (6) arranging a hanging basket on the lower chord section of the symmetrical construction in the buckling, hanging and pouring method of the cantilever of the upper chord; and (7) carrying out constructions on each section of the solid-web beam by the cantilever and joining the sections to finish the construction of the whole bridge. The invention has simple method, convenient construction, safety, simple structure, stability and reliability and improves the spanning capacity and the engineering economy of the bridge.


We analyze noise in the circuit model of quantum computers when the qubits are coupled to a common bosonic bath and discuss the possible failure of scalability of quantum computation. Specifically, we investigate correlated (super-radiant) decay between the qubit energy levels from a twoor three-dimensional array of qubits without imposing any restrictions on the size of the sample. We first show that regardless of how the spacing between the qubits compares with the emission wavelength, correlated decay produces errors outside the applicability of the threshold theorem. This is because the sum of the norms of the two-body interaction Hamiltonians (which can be viewed as the upper bound on the single-qubit error) that decoheres each qubit scales with the total number of qubits and is unbounded. We then discuss two related results: (1) We show that the actual error (instead of the upper bound) on each qubit scales with the number of qubits. As a result, in the limit of large number of qubits in the computer, N → ∞, correlated decay causes each qubit in the computer to decohere in ever shorter time scales. (2) We find the complete eigenvalue spectrum of the exchange Hamiltonian that causes correlated decay in the same limit. We show that the spread of the eigenvalue distribution grows faster with N compared to the spectrum of the unperturbed system Hamiltonian. As a result, as N → ∞, quantum evolution becomes completely dominated by the noise due to correlated decay. These results argue that scalable quantum computing may not be possible in the circuit model in a twoor threedimensional geometry when the qubits are coupled to a common bosonic bath.


a source region (40) and a drain region (42) being of the regular width but of different lengths; an oxide layer (44) formed on a substrate (10) between the source region (40) and the drain region (42); and gate electrodes (45-56) each being of a regular width but of respective different lengths and formed on the oxide layer (44). The transistor is useful for neural network and reduces chip area.


This paper discusses major initiatives from regulation in global financial markets in response to the current crisis. From the perspective of emerging markets a few issues of significance may include: whether shortcomings in innovations in structured financial market products will limit the scope of their development in the emerging markets, and restrict the scope of financial growth? Could more flows be expected to emerging markets from Western banking centres looking for productive opportunities? Are there opportunities for emerging markets finance to invest in good companies with strong balance sheets that are available at relatively cheap valuations. Will the Middle East emerge as a power centre in global finance?


Based on the field data, numerous failures of the downhole equipment of sucker rod pumping units occur, especially of the sucker rod strings. They are subject to corrosion, wear and alternating loads. The stress-strain state of the threaded connection elements is determined by the nature of the distribution of loads along the threads, which is uneven and depends on many factors. Despite this, the development of new designs of sucker rod connections and measures to improve the efficiency of operation and their research is an urgent task. In addition to the threaded connections of the sucker rods, there were a number of threadless designs that were not used in the fields, but they passed certain tests. The article presents these connection designs and discusses their advantages and disadvantages in comparison with standard threaded connections. Simulation modeling of a standard connection of sucker rods made it possible to investigate its stress-strain state and identify hazardous areas (stress concentrators). The stress-strain state of the threaded connection of the sucker rods has been investigated, the design of this connection has been improved and it has been established that, in comparison with the standard threaded connection of the sucker rods, the investigated has certain advantages. It was found that with an increase in the number of protrusions and depressions in a threaded joint, stresses decrease, which are concentrated in dangerous sections and along the contact planes. Convex contact planes also reduce stress, especially at the joint surface. Research has shown that the stresses generated in a threadless sucker rod joint are less than the stresses generated in a standard sucker rod and sleeve joint. Although the difference between these stresses is insignificant, attention should be paid to changing the geometric parameters of the threadless connection of the sucker rods, thereby reducing the maximum stresses.


Land and water are the two most important resources of the world and these resources must be preserved and maintained carefully for environmental protection and ecological balance. Prime soil resources of the world are finite, non-renewable and susceptible to degradation through misuse and mismanagement. In India, out of a total geographical area of 328 M ha, an estimated 175 M ha of land, constituting an area of 53% suffers from deleterious effect of soil erosion and other forms of land degradation and with the increasing population pressure, misuse of natural resources, faulty land and water management practices, the problem of land degradation will further aggravate. Land use change within an area has not only an impact on numerous hydrologic landscape functions but also affects the habitat quality and thus the biodiversity of a landscape.


How the traits of invasive plants determine their invasiveness is one of the major issues in invasion biology. Invasive plants usually have broad ecological amplitudes, and hence can exploit a great diversity of habitats. Genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity are two major strategies that invasive plants can use to invade broad geographical areas and diverse ecosystems. Phenotypic plasticity is a trait that has a certain genetic basis and can evolve independently. Although some of the invasive plants have low genetic variation, they can still invade diverse habitats. Phenotypic plasticity may play a critical role in invasion of these species into new environments. In this review, the concept of phenotypic plasticity and its significance for adaptation were introduced. The relationship between phenotypic plasticity and the invasiveness of alien plants was discussed, supported by theoretical analysis and published experimental evidence. We also suggest some issues that might be addressed in future studies for better understanding of the mechanisms of successful invasion with reference to phenotypic plasticity. Although successful invasion cannot be explained by phenotypic plasticity alone, the positive correlation between invasiveness and phenotypic plasticity seems to be a rule rather than an exception for those invasive species with low genetic diversity but a broad geographic distribution.


Presents the results of studying the test crops in 21 and 23 years of age with the analysis of the structure of forests in the parent populations from natural and artificial stands of spruce siberian. The author justifies the selection of the parent individuals and test their offspring in conditions of optimum density of cultivation of forests.


The present invention relates to a harmonic wave of about 10 ㎎ nip / ㎖ pharmaceutical compositions and from about 2 to pharmaceutical compositions containing the modified cyclodextrin of about 13% w / w and a process for producing the same.


Determination of Entrainment Response. Introduction: Assessing the entrainment response by measuring pustpacing intervals (PPIs) at the pacing site facilitates localization of reentrant circuits, but may be technically difficult.


On April 4, 2015, White North Charleston, South Carolina, Police Officer Michael Slager shot and killed Black motorist Walter Scott. Upon the release of a bystander video of the deadly shooting, Mayor Keith Summey and Police Chief Eddie Driggers denounced Slager's actions and announced his arrest for Scott's death. This article argues that journalists' use and subsequent circulation of White savior mythology to narrativize the work of the two leaders offered a message of hope, progress, and White redemption, anchored in a vision of a "post-racial" United States.


Objective To analyze the effect of treatment of lumber spondylolisthesis with GSS.Methods The posterior decompression and the system of GSS pedicle screw were used in 32 patients with lumber spondylolisthesis to fix spondylolis lumber vertebra and obtain vertebra fusion and posterolateral bone grafting fusion.Rusults The followed up period ranged from 6~36 months.The clinical excellent rate was 90%.The interbody solid fusion was observed in all patients in X-ray between 6~18 months after operation.No internal fixation loosening was found.Conclusion GSS spinal system and posterior lumber interbody fusion combined with posterolateral fusion has the advantages of good reduction,high fusion rate and reliable internal fixation.


This paper discusses the problem of designing a single linear functional observer (S. L. F. O.) to estimate a single linear function of the state of a linear time-invariant system, for the purpose of implementing a feedback control law. First, canonical forms of S. L. F. O. are obtained both in the case that S. L. F. O. can have arbitrary poles and in the case that poles of S. L. F. O. must satisfy a constraint condition. Second, an algorithm obtaining the optimal S. L. F. O, is easily derived by using this canonical form. The optimal criterion is the time-integral of the mean-square estimation error. By the presented procedure, the S. L. F. O. is designed under the following conditions: (1) poles of S. L. F. O. have the most possible freedom of choice, (2) the order of S. L. F. O. is as small as possible, (3) the number of paths of S. L. F. O. is as few as possible, (4) optimality. Finally, an illustrative example for a power system is given to show the effectiveness of the presented method.


This article explores the temporal interface between hospital and home-based regimes of care, focusing on patients' discharge home from specialist care units. Following an outline of the temporal imperatives that distinguish hospital discharge policy in the UK, secondary analysis of qualitative data is used to examine the temporal organization of discharge procedures and patients' and informal carers' experiences of the transfer of care from hospital to home. Tensions in the institutional time frames of hospital and community-based services and the everyday time frames of patients and carers are highlighted, together with the implications for policy and practice in this area.


The research aims at developing Natural Science Subject Instructional packages of year XI Semester 1 SMK Negeri 5 Palu by employing Dick, Carey & Carey Model. The research employed Research Development (RD individual, small group, and big group which contained 25 students and 1 teacher. Questionnaire designed in Likert Scale was used as the instrument of data collection. Suggestion, input and comment during consultation period were also noted and used to compliment the collected data from the questionnaire. The results of the data analysis show that 1) the instructional materials product score ranges from 81.33% to 83.80% indicating that the instructional material is classified Good and Very Good, 2) the teacher's book product score ranges from 80.00% to 91.25% indicating that the teacher's book is classified Good and Very Good, 3) the student's book product score ranges from 80.00% to 94.67% indicating that the student's book is classified Good and Very Good. Based on Kuswadi's argument (in Sudarman, 2006) if the developed instructional packages scored higher than 71%, the products are ready and valid to be used. The achievement of the students, between the pretest and the posttest, during the instructional materials try out is different significantly calculated by applying t-test formula. It implies that the instructional packages have been valid and ready to be used. Keywords : instructional packages, natural science subject of SMK, Dick, Carey & Carey design model .


Abstract : Establishing an effective and secure operating and logistics base under austere conditions, either at home or abroad, regardless of whether the origin of the crisis is military or strictly humanitarian in nature, is a complex mission. Unfortunately, the doctrine supporting the life-cycle management of base camp facilities is poorly codified and usually unstructured due to the disparate nature of the governmental organizations tasked with accomplishing these missions. In order to overcome this problem, the Department of Systems Engineering at the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point has developed functional and non-functional requirements for, and has partially implemented a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) knowledge management (KM) system that facilitates the sharing of this type of specialized information for military and civilian members of the "Base Camp Community of Practice (CoP)".


This paper presents a computational framework for the design of large flexible space structures with non periodic geometries to achieve vibration suppression. The present system combines the use of an approximation model management framework (AMMF) developed for evolutionary optimization algorithms (EAs) with a reduced basis approximate dynamic reanalysis technique. A coevolutionary genetic search strategy is developed here to ensure that design changes during the optimization iterations lead to low-rank perturbations in the structural system matrices. The k-means algorithm is employed for cluster analysis of the population of designs to determine design points at which exact analysis should be carried out. Results are presented for optimal design of a 2D cantilevered space structure to achieve passive vibration suppression. It is shown that vibration isolation of the order of 30 dB over a 150 Hz bandwidth can be achieved. Further, it is demonstrated that the AMMF can potentially arrive at a better design compared to a conventional approach when optimization is constrained by a limited computational budget.


In many practical situations, dynamic systems are subjected to abrupt structural and parametric changes at random instants of time. A general mathematical framework is presented for classifying the existing state estimation and hypothesis-testing problems arising in systems subjected to random structural and parametric disturbances. The mathematical approach is based on an event-driven, linear stochastic system model comprising a hybrid (i.e., continuous and discrete) state space. It is shown that the problems of multitarget tracking in surveillance theory, Markov chain-driven systems, estimation under uncertain observations, maneuvering target tracking and system failure detection are special cases of this general formulation.


Objective To analyze the risk factors of perioperative death and complications after cardiac valve replacement for patients very large left ventricle (left ventricular end diastolic diameter LVED70 mm). Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical data collected between January 1998 and June 2005 of 136 patients after cardiac valve replacement. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to define the risk factors for the perioperative mortality and complications. Results The postoperative major complications comprised arrhythmia in 52 cases (38.2%), ventricular premature beats in 34 cases (25%), atrial fibrillation in 18 cases (13.2%), hemorrhage in 26 cases (19.1%), pericardiac tamponade in 8 cases (5.9%), low output syndromes in 7 cases (5.1%), hypoxemia in 8 cases (5.9%), and pulmonary infection in 3 cases (2.2%). The perioperative mortality rate was 6.6%. The causes of death were ventricular fibrillation in 3 cases (2.2%), low output syndrome in 3 cases (2.2%), acute respiratory distress syndrome in 1 case (0.7%) and multiple organ failure in 2 cases (1.5%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed prolonged aortic cross-clamping time and cardiopulmonary bypass time, ventilation time, and myocardial zymogram as independent risk factors of early mortality and complications. LVED70 mm was independently associated with the complications and of positive correlation to the ventilation time (r=0.206, P0.05), New York Heart Association cardiac class (r=0.386, P0.01), and postoperative AST (r=0.304, P0.05). Conclusion Perioperative complications were higher in the procedures of valve replacement for large left ventricle. Prolonged aortic cross-clamping time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, ventilation time, and unsatisfactory myocardial protection were the risk factors of perioperative mortality and complications.


The study investigated 714 tuition-free normal college students' teacher professional identity,internal and external learning motivation by scales,and the relationship among the two variables and their education achievement.The result indicated:(1) the intrinsic value identity of teacher professional identity is higher than that of extrinsic.The extrinsic value identity was found to be better than volitional behavior identity.Furthermore,the level of the teacher professional identity is little above average level but still has space for promotion;(2) the internal learning motivation was better than average level,and was better than external motivation;(3) the relationship between teacher professional identity and learning motivation is significantly positive,and that is the same between learning motivation and education achievement;moreover,teacher professional identity showed equable predictability on the education achievements;(4) external learning motivation is a mediator variable between teacher professional identity and education achievement.


This study aims to investigate the impact of information technology usage on achieving competitive advantage and organizational performance in small and medium enterprises (SMES) as a set of most important reasons that lead to the organizational success. Moreover, this study examines the direct and indirect effect of achieving competitive advantage on organizatioal performance in SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Jordan. 375 questionnaires were distributed to the study sample. Only 170 questionnaires were returned with the response rate of 48%. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and structural equation model. The results reveal that there is an orientation by the manufacturing SMEs towards the information technology usage. The manufacturing SMES in Jordan have the potentials and resources that enable them to achieve a competitive advantage, grow market share, offer products at competitive prices, and differentiate their product. Also, the study reveals that there is a direct impact of information technology usage on organizational performance, and a direct impact of competitive advantage on organizational performance. Finally, there is an impact of information technology usage on organizational performance through competitive advantage of manufacturing SMES in Jordan. The study recommends that the manufacturing SMEs must adopt information technology tools and invest in information technology usage to the best level. Manufacturing SMEs have to tend towards creativity, innovation and continuous improvement under the intensity of the competition in the manufacturing sector, and local and global business environment.


The present invention diamond grinding The preparation method and that the sintering process according to the diamond grinding sphere prepared in this way, the milling step, the mixing step, the diamond particle by the calcination process, surround the diamond particles using a binder of the glass-based coating a mixture of the mouth itself, is formed of a resin series binding agent, to prepare a diamond grinding sphere, including a base member to which the abrasive mix mouth itself fixed. The present invention in which the solid diamond particles of sizes less than 2㎛ bond of the resin-based adhering agent to prevent cracking of the binding agent of the grinding operation, and soft contact with the blood sakmul, and ground uniformly and precisely the water surface machinability and it would be effective to increase the surface roughness.


Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most occurring cancer of the oral cavity showing changes based on-site, sex, age and habits of the population. The purpose of the study is to correlate the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma at speci ic anatomical sites with age and gender. The present study is a retrospective study, including data from June 2019 to April 2020. Data of 50 OSCC patients including age, gender, site of the lesion, the onset of symptoms, treatment done, were collected, tabulated and then statistically analyzed. Results revealed that buccal mucosa was the most common site of occurrence inmales (61.50%): Correlation of gender with the location of oscc was statistically not signi icant with a p-value higher than 0.05. Regarding the association of age with a site of oscc occurrence, buccal mucosa was the common site of involvement in individuals below 50 years of age (54.50%), followed by tongue 23.50% and 21% in above 50 years of age. Correlation of age with the site of oscc occurrence was statistically insigni icant (p>0.05). Within the limits of the study, it can be concluded that the site of occurrence of OSCC is more governed by habits involved than age and gender itself. But an investigation involving a larger population would give a more comprehensive outcome.


Abstract We obtain Hauptmoduls of genus zero congruence subgroups of the type $\Gamma _{0}^{+}\left( p \right)\,\,:={{\Gamma }_{0}}\left( p \right)+{{w}_{p}}$ , where $p$ is a prime and ${{w}_{p}}$ is the Atkin–Lehner involution. We then use the Hauptmoduls, along with modular functions on ${{\Gamma }_{1}}\left( p \right)$ to construct families of cyclic extensions of quadratic number fields. Further examples of cyclic extension of bi-quadratic and tri-quadratic number fields are also given.


Infants born with meningomyelocele and the Amold-Chiari malformation frequently develop hydrocephalus. The occurrence of airway obstruction during infancy in these patients is not uncommon, and has been reported to be the immediate cause of death in a high percentage of them.' Only prompt otolaryngological and neurosurgical evaluation and treatment can avert this life-threatening situation. During the five-year period from 1966 to 1971, 12 infants with this anomaly developed increased intracranial pressure associated with airway obstruction. A review of their presenting signs and symptoms, laryngoscopic findings, and clinical course is presented in.an effort to suggest an optimum method, of management.


Considerable effort has been done to overcome the loss of catalyst in homogeneously catalysed processes. In this contribution we describe five recycling concepts for thermoregulated catalyst separation and recycling: fluorous biphasic systems (FBS), thermoregulated phase transfer catalysis (TRPTC), soluble polymer-based catalysis, thermoregulated microemulsions and temperature-dependent multicomponent solvent systems (TMS). Each of these concepts has its own special advantages like low catalyst leaching or simple process engineering but also drawbacks like usage of expensive special solvents or complex and expensive catalysts. In this context, TMS systems exhibit most advantages of the other concepts combined with the possibility to use common and cheap solvents as well as numerous classical molecular catalysts. Therefore, TMS systems are expected to be one of the most promising thermomorphic recycling concepts for industrial scale.


a common feature of sustainable buildings is that they drastically reduce emissions, material use and water use and with involvement of economic vitality, environmental, health, and social equity in it. as a whole, the study main concern is the environment and the construction and building technology to enhance natural world as well as building materials. In view to provide new knowledge to the contractors and developers on how to improve the construction industry methods and services by using coconut shells and to sustain good product performance and meet recycling goals, there is need to design a technical specification of concrete using coconut shell as aggregates that will meet the Indian standard requirements in order to help contribute to the industry in saving the environment, to encourage the government to find solutions regarding the disposal to landfills of waste materials and save the environment. The use of coconut by products has been a long time source of income for some people. recycling of the disposed material is one method of treating the agricultural waste. The used of coconut shell could be a valuable substitute in the formation of composite material that can be used as a housing construction, such as concrete.


This paper proposes a database-based E-learning system, which is targeted at the problems existed in the current teaching, combines the network teaching mainstream model and the latest theoretical achievements at home and abroad, as well as uses the current more mature network technology. The system discusses in detail the system requirements and features from the network teaching system design goals, user characteristics and operating circumstances. And it also uses B/S multi-tier architecture to analyze and design the network teaching system, and eventually to propose a new type of network teaching system solution.


To investigate the effect of temperature variation on quality and microstructure of tuna( Thunnus obesus)when transported,changes in pH value,metmyoglobin formation,thiobarbituric values( TBA),total volatile basic nitrogen( TVB-N),trimethylamine nitrogen( TMA-N),histamine and microbiological were assayed periodically in 3diverse simulated situations of logistics.The results showed that the freshness of bigeye tuna stored in ultra- low temperature was significantly affected by temperature changes in the logistics process.Freshness of tuna could be maintained under complete cold chain of-55℃ during transportation and sale,while the more the frequency and range of temperature changes,the greater the deterioration would be. When transported at- 18℃ twice before stored at 4℃ in domestic refrigerators for 12 hours,pH value,metmyoglobin percentage,thiobarbituric values of the tuna were 6.71,64.77%,1.277mg malonaldehyde /kg respectively.Although TVB-N,TMA-N and TVC of tuna didn't exceed the legal limits,it had lower freshness than those maintained at-18℃ all the time.Histamine of tuna during storage did not change significantly,so all experimental groups were in the safe range. The lack of ultra- low temperature refrigerated trucks would result in lower freshness of fish. Therefore,temperature variation between transportation and storage should be avoided.In general,this study is going to provide reference for retaining the freshness of tuna in stages of storage,transportation and sale.