Geomorphic enquiry ranges from interpretations of landscape evolution framed within geological sciences to contemporary process-form analyses that build upon engineering applications. Geographic discourse blends these perspectives, emphasizing spatio-temporal relationships across a range of scales. Following a brief historical overview, this article highlights how emerging themes in geomorphic enquiry emphasize nonlinear, emergent aspects of geomorphic systems. Such understandings extend beyond traditional conceptualizations of landscapes that were based upon notions of deterministic stability and predictability. The unique configuration and temporal sequence of drivers, disturbances and responses of each landscape, along with the historical imprint, result in system-specific behavioural and evolutionary traits wherein landscape forms and processes are contingent upon a multitude of factors. This place-based perspective of landscapes is an inherently geographical approach to enquiry. Such geomorphic thinking provides a coherent template for a range of environmental management applications, especially in interdisciplinary fields such as landscape ecology and landscape engineering.


Increasing demand for internet services, through mobile networks can be addressed by interworking wireless local area network and universal mobile telecommunication system. Interworking should be carried in such a way that users receive better service. This paper analyses the performance of loose coupling, tight coupling and hybrid coupling interworking architectures in terms of metrics like throughput, media access delay and load through simulation, using OPNET 14.5. The performances of these three interworking architectures are compared. Simulation results show that loose coupling has high throughput, moderate media access delay and moderate load. Tight coupling has low throughput, low media access delay and it handles less load. Hybrid coupling has moderate throughput, high media access delay and high load handling capability than other schemes.


In order to reduce automobile exhaust harmful component of damage to human body health, the method of car exhaust ruled out maintenance shop and appropriate treatment has been proposed. The none exhaust pollution repair workshop has been built up. The automobile exhaust capture device has been designed. The field exhaust experiment has been tested. The experimental results show that the automobile exhaust capture device can be very good to improve the indoor environment.


The detailed 1 H and 13 C NMR assignments of a novel sucrose isovaleryl ester isolated from the seed of Euphorbia Lathyris L., were achieved by one- and two- dimensional techniques. The new sucrose ester was characterized as an α-D- glucopyranoside, 3,4,6-tris-O-(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl, 2,6-bis(3- methylbutanoate); sucrose 4,7,8,11,12-pentaisovalerate by MS and NMR experiments.


In the Cree Lake Zone of northern Saskatchewan, reworked Archean orthogneisses are overlain by a highly deformed supracrustal sequence, the Paleoproterozoic Wollaston Group. This package of rocks was deformed and metamorphosed during the ca. 1.8 Ga continent–continent collision of the Trans-Hudson Orogen (THO), forming the Wollaston fold–thrust belt that underlies the eastern Athabasca Basin. The Hudsonian structural, metamorphic, and magmatic evolution of the Wollaston fold-thrust belt in the eastern Athabasca area involved six major stages. (1) Early collisional stage, DP1 at 1860–1835 Ma, involved burial of Wollaston Group metasediments from surface to depths equivalent to 3–5vkbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa) by thrust-pile stacking or imbrication tectonics, prograde metamorphism with garnet growth and development of early leucosomes, and emplacement of ca. 1840 Ma grey granite suite. (2) Collisional stage, DP2a at 1835–1820 Ma, involved continued deeper burial of Wollaston Group metasediments along a prograde ...


Ultrasonic attenuation spectra in the
frequency range between 180 kHz and 500 MHz, dynamic light
scattering and shear viscosity measurements of a variety of liquids
exhibiting a demixing point have been measured are discussed with
respect to their critical properties. Evaluating the experimental
data for liquid mixtures of critical composition particular
attention is given to the applicability of Bhattacharjee-Ferrell
dynamic scaling model and to corrections for the effects from the
crossover from Ising to mean-field behavior. Three types of
critical liquids have been considered: binary mixtures without
complex background contributions in their ultrasonic spectra
(n-pentanol-nitromethane, nitroethane-cyclohexane,
nitroethane-3-methylpentane, methanol-hexane, and
ethanol-dodecane), binary mixtures with additional relaxations in
the time domain of critical fluctuations
(2,6-dimethylpyridin-water, isobutoxyethanol-water,
triethylamine-water), and ternary mixtures with concentrations
selected along the plait-point line
(nitroethane-3-methylpentane-cyclohexane). With the latter system
interest is particulary directed to the dependence of critical
parameters upon the concentration of a constituent. The results
clearly demonstrate that the Bhattacharjee-Ferrell theory and the
crossover theory nicely represent the experimental ultrasonic
attenuation spectra as well as the shear viscosity and dynamic
light scattering data. This is true for both binary and ternary
mixtures. It is shown that use of the Bhattacharjee-Ferrell model
for the analytical representation of the critical part in the
ultrasonic attenuation spectra of more complicated binary systems
such as isobutoxyethanol-water and 2,6-dimethylpyridin-water allows
for a favourable description of further relaxation terms. With the
assumption that the contributions from chemical relaxations
contribute additively to the critical contributions the ultrasonic
spectra as well as the scaling function of the critical systems can
be well represented in terms of the Bhattach arjee-Ferrell model.
In the case of triethylamine-water it is demonstrated that the
experimental scaling function agrees with the Bhattacharjee-Ferrell
function only, when both Debye relaxation terms are allowed slow
down near the critical point. The experimental results are
complemented by density and sound velocity measurements.


The fiber properties and handle of fine Merino lamb's and fleece wool are critically reviewed in Part 1 of this series of papers. Those objective characteristics that distin guish these two classes of raw wool and appear to account for the relative softness of hand of lamb's compared with fleece wool are presented here. The best single parameter indicating softness is resistance to compression. A reduction in staple crimp frequency or mean fibre diameter or both lowers resistance to compression and increases softness. The lower mean staple crimp frequency observed in wool grown in the first four months of a lamb's life is a visual indication of tactile softness compared with that of wool grown subsequently.


Although information systems researchers have long recognized the possibility for collective- level information technology use patterns and outcomes to emerge from individual-level IT use behaviors...


Abstract In this paper, the authors investigate the problem of detecting and counting motorcycles in real traffic flow with a single layer laser scanner. This work focuses on the use of simple signal processing techniques to achieve a good performance in real time. The reported results outperform state-of-the art results. First, the authors report a 99·2% correct classification rate on 16 min sequence for a three-vehicle class classification problem. Second, the authors achieve a 0·8% counting error rate on 2 h of real traffic.


On December 12, 2015, the international community of States adopted a new international Convention that establishes a new international legal framework to fight global warming : the Paris Agreement. This agreement has provoked a great interest and expectation. Five years after its adoption, however, States are struggling to implement its main provisions. In the meantime, climate disruption continues at a frenetic rhythm. This contribution examines the possible role of customary international law in the implementation of the agreement. After analyzed its inadequacy in terms of liability law, it examines the various possible avenues offered by international law that would make it possible to question the international liability of States for climate damage. Among the possibilities considered are due diligence obligations as well as erga omnes obligations. Finally, the contribution shows that the real obstacle to the achievement of the objectives of the Paris Agreement and generally of climate litigation is not fundamentally the inconsistency of the legal framework of the environment, but other problems inherent to international law.


A class of diffusion processes controlled by the geometry of the manifold on which they evolve is considered. The kinetic energy of such diffusions is shown to be a geometric object expressed in terms of the curvature and torsion tensors. This gives rise to an action functional leading to a variational principle, from which a nontrivial critical geometry with nonvanishing torsion emerges. The resulting criticality condition is related to the Schrodinger equation in a manner that reproduces the features of Nelson's stochastic approach to quantum mechanics.


The tremendous growth in i ntramolecular free radical cycliziltion reactions i n recent years proves its significance as a powerful tool in modem synthetic chemistry leading to the complex carbocyclic as well as heterocyclic natural products. 1 Although there are several methods available for the purpose, 2 the variation of radical precursors is very much limited. Also due to certain disadvantages with the existing methods, newer methodology for the preparation of radical precursors is still desired. Epoxides are vastly used as building blocks for organic synthesis due to their ready availability and facile substitution reactions with predictable stereochemistry. 3 Thus, selective one-electron reduction of an epoxide to a radical intermediate would provide a valuable tool for the construction of complex organic molecules.4 In continuation to our study5 towards the synthesis of natural products through radical cyclization of epoxides using a transition-metal radical source, we were attracted to the possibility of using this technology for the synthesis of spiro-systems such as 1 .


A novel structure to design a microstrip triplexer for wireless and WiMAX applications is presented. To obtain a compact microstrip layout, step impedance resonators and coupled lines are used. The introduced triplexer has a size of 0.35λg×0.26λg, where λg is calculated at 2.3 GHz. Also, the obtained insertion losses are 0.78 dB, 1.1 dB and 0.62 dB at 2.3 GHz, 3.2 GHz and 3.6 GHz, respectively. The LC model of the presented resonator is investigated to tune three resonance frequencies by calculating numerical values of inductors and capacitors. Finally, the designed triplexer is simulated and measured.


Micro surface topographies of four differently machined surfaces of lCrllNi2W2MoV stainless steel were quantitatively characterized by atomic force microscopy, and the effects of different characteristic parameters on micro-stress concentration and different micro topographies on fatigue strength reduction were analyzed using finite element methods. It is found that the characteristic parameters may affect the micro-stress concentration obviously and it is insufficient to use a single surface roughness parameter to represent the effects of surface quality on micro-stress distribution. The difference of the fatigue resistance between different surfaces can be perfectly correlated with the surface characteristic parameters, and it is reasonable to use them to analyze the change of fatigue performance caused by different surface fabrication.


This dissertation will examine the fabrication of different phosphorus containing films and their use as corrosion preventative films and adhesion materials between polymers and metal and metal alloys. Orthophosphate films are used in several metals and metal alloys to prevent corrosion and promote adhesion between paints or polymers and metal substrates. One key component is to examine the use of different phosphorus containing acids that might lead to phosphorus containing films which would compliment the mainly orthophosphate films currently in use. The objectives of this study are to see if it is possible to fabricate different phosphorus containing films, use them to adhere polymers to metal and metal alloys, and test the phosphorus containing films' and polymer films' corrosion protection properties. The thermoplastic resin, Poly(ether ketone ketone), or PEKK was found to adhere well to different phosphorus containing films and protect the underlying layers from oxidation in 4-D water. The phosphorus containing films were created by electrochemical deposition in different 5 M phosphorus containing acids. The metal or metal alloy was abraded to remove the native oxide and treated in the electrochemical cell. The second, separate polymer films were created by dip coating the metal or metal alloy in a polymer solution. The film thickness in both cases was controlled to be less than 100Å to ensure that the underlying metal or metal alloy could be detected. The surface chemical analysis was collected using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, or XPS. Core level and valence band XPS were used to distinguish the differences in the chemistry at the surfaces. The valence band XPS spectra were interpreted using spectra generated by multiple scattered wave calculations and band structure calculations. In the cases were more than one film was present subtraction and addition spectrum were used to interpret the chemistry in the interface region of the films. THE INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL CORROSION RESISTANT PHOSPHORUS CONTAINING AND POLYMER FILMS USING XRAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY


We demonstrate, for the first time, significant systematicity between the visual form of lettersof the Roman alphabet and their paradigmatic English pronunciation. We measure the visual distance between letters as Hausdorff distance and the phonological distance between their pronunciations as feature-edit distance. These two sets of distances are significantly positively correlated: letters that look the same tend to be pronounced the same. We discuss the implications for the teaching of the alphabetic principle in learning to read.


Reduction of NO was examined over the potassium-doped active carbon modified with Ce and Mn (K, Ce, Mn/C) in the presence and/or absence of O2. NO is reduced at temperatures above 473K even in the absence of O2, while the reduction of NO is enhanced at 473K in the presence of O2. Twenty-five percent of NO was steadily reduced at 473K in the reaction of NO with K, Ce, Mn/C under simulated exhaust gas containing oxygen (2%). The NO conversions on both K, Ce/C and K, Mn/C were less than 10% under the same condition. Therefore, co-existence of Ce and Mn acts attractively for the steady reduction of NO to N2 with carbon.


Glacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) destroy a significant amount of infrastructure in proglacial areas. Nevertheless, few studies have simulated extreme jökulhlaup inundation using hydraulic modelling. In this study, we demonstrate the capability of one‐dimensional jökulhlaup simulation (HEC‐RAS modelling software) and compare simulation results with those from a two‐dimensional finite element model (TELEMAC‐2D modelling software) to determine the potential and limitations of one‐dimensional modelling for jökulhlaup simulations. In both models, a pre‐defined hydrograph was used as an upstream boundary condition for the jökulhlaup, which was simulated on the Möðrudalur floodplain, northeast Iceland. An unsteady flow simulation of the rising stage of the flood (5 h 15 min) was undertaken with both models to produce maps of flood inundation and flow depth. The study shows that simulations had a 200 m horizontal difference in inundated area at the peak discharge stage. Additional differences were also detected in the rising stage of the hydrograph. The most significant differences between the models was found at the time when the front of the jökulhlaup inundated a new area through a sinuous gorge, or when inundation took place through a complex flow route (maximum difference ∼1800 m). This study demonstrates that one‐dimensional modelling of jökulhlaup propagation provides results broadly comparable to data derived from more complex simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Conducting layers 11 and resin-made insulating layers 12 are alternately laminated to form a laminated circuit portion 13, and a metal substrate 14 is installed so as to be in contact with an insulating layer 12, which is the lowermost layer. The conducting layers 11, the insulating layers 12, and the metal substrate 14 are thermal compression bonded. In order to connect the uppermost conducting layer 11 on which electronic component 31 is placed with the lowermost insulating layer 12, a conducting layer 22 is formed on the inner surface by copper plating to install a heat dissipating via 21 into which a resin 23 is filled. A conducting layer 11, which is the uppermost layer, is subjected to gold plating 15, with nickel plating undercoated. An electronic component for driving a motor 31 is placed on the uppermost conducting layer 11, by which the metal substrate 14 can be used as a motor drive circuit substrate for an electric power steering system.


A method for automatic electronic authorization for entry into a geographic area based on detection of a mobile station operable on a Global System for Mobile communications network, comprises: transmA method for automatic electronic authorization for entry into a geographic area based on detection of a mobile station operable on a Global System for Mobile communications network, comprises: transmitting, by a transmitter associated with a toll base station, a signal indicating the presence of the toll base station; detecting, by a receiver associated with the toll base station, a request by aitting, by a transmitter associated with a toll base station, a signal indicating the presence of the toll base station; detecting, by a receiver associated with the toll base station, a request by amobile station to connect to the toll base station; transmitting, by the transmitter, an identity request signal to the mobile station; detecting an identity response signal that identifies the mobilemobile station to connect to the toll base station; transmitting, by the transmitter, an identity request signal to the mobile station; detecting an identity response signal that identifies the mobile station; determining the identity of a subscriber associated with the mobile station based on the detected identity response signal and authorizing the subscriber to enter the geographic area based ostation; determining the identity of a subscriber associated with the mobile station based on the detected identity response signal and authorizing the subscriber to enter the geographic area based on the determined subscriber identity.n the determined subscriber identity.


This study was intended to find out the effects of the inorganic nutrients in the soil and root on the available constituents contents in Angelica gigas Nakai. The correlation between the contents of decursin and decursinol in roots of the wild and cultivated and the inorganic nutrients contents in the soils and roots was investigated. The contents of decursin in the dried root of the wild was higher than that of the cultivated. The ammonium nitrogen contents in soil and the decursin contents in root had the significant negative correlation, whereas the significant positive correlation was obtained the available phosphorus contents. The significant negative correlation was obtained between the decursin contents and the nitrogen contents of root, and the significant positive correlation between the decursin contents and the contents of phosphorus or potassium in roots.


In this study, the effects of orientation of Al2O3 on the thermal conductivity of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) composites filled with platelet-shaped Al2O3 ceramics were investigated as function of Al2O3 content. On increasing the ceramic content, it was observed that the thermal conductivity of the composites increased because of the higher thermal conductivity of Al2O3 compared with that of the PVB. The thermal conductivity of the composites was affected by the orientation of ceramics. The measured thermal conductivity of the composites was compared with the effective thermal conductivity calculated by various theoretical models. The thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity of the composites were also discussed.


To realize rich interactive communication, the concept of "Audio-MotionMedia" is proposed in this paper. This concept is based on the idea that robot control signals are embedded in an audio stream. In this concept, the audio signals play a role of a carrier to convey control signal. Two implementation methods of Audio-MotionMedia and two desktop type Audio-Motion communication robot systems are developed. These robot systems are applied to conventional communication media such as the World Wide Web and E-mail to realize enriched communication services. These services have been evaluated and favorably received.


This qualitative study investigated contextual influences involved in college student identity development. It examined events, experiences, and relationships that alumni suggest either nourished or thwarted their perceptions of multiple dimensions of their identity during college. Findings suggest that self-perceptions of identity often change as a result of the emotions experienced by individuals in reaction to various contextual influences. One of the major challenges faced by traditional-aged students while they are in college is the development of their own identity. According to Freud, identity is the integration of an individual within the group, how he or she learns to interact within that group, and how he or she interacts with other groups (as cited in Erikson, 1980). Erikson added to that conceptualization by describing identity as the ability to experience one's self as something that has continuity and sameness and to act accordingly (1968). Models of student identity development are becoming more abundant as scholars in the field of student affairs are recognizing the need to describe the unique experiences of students from different backgrounds and life experiences. However, these models tend to focus more on the outcomes of development rather than on the process of development. Little is known about forces that may either facilitate or deter the identity formation process as well as how to facilitate students' movement through the proposed stages of development (Evans, 1996). Although much work has been done to explore the impact of college-related experiences upon students (e.g., Astin, 1993; Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991), many other life experiences, not directly related to the collegiate experience, are also thought to influence student identity development (Jones & McEwen, 2000). Jones and McEwen refer to these as "contextual influences" and believe that they may include the following: childhood experiences, sociocultural conditions, and relationships. Schlossberg, Waters, and Goodman (1995) speak of these life events as "transitions" that result in "changed relationships, routines, assumptions, and roles" (p. 27). These life transitions provide opportunities for growth and development in that they often create disequilibrium that demands reorganization of meaning and of self in relation to others (Kegan, 1982). Therefore, a variety of contextual influences needs to be considered when studying college student identity development. For this study, self-perceptions were chosen as the outcome construct of identity development in that self-perceptions are often more important to individuals than are the commonly measured behavioral manifestations of identity development. Interestingly, few scholars in higher education have focused on self-perceptions; a couple of models of homosexual identity formation, however, are the exception. Both Cass (1979) and D'Augelli (1994) suggest that self-perceptions are important outcomes of identity development. In Cass's model of homosexual formation, six stages of "perception" and "behavior" exist, each having both a cognitive component as well as an affective component. The cognitive component is described as how individuals perceive themselves. The affective component is described as how individuals feel about their own and others' perceptions of their sexual identity. D'Augelli's model of lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity development also includes self-perceptions as an outcome of identity development. In D'Augelli's terms, homosexual identity development results in personal subjectivities as well as in actions. Personal subjectivities include the perceptions and feelings about one's own sexual identity; whereas actions include the actual sexual behaviors and the meanings attached to them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of various contextual influences, both related to the college experience and unrelated to the college experience, upon college students' changing self-perceptions of various identity dimensions. …


BACKGROUND
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important cytokine in immune regulation, and the -1087 IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with chronic periodontitis. The binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to the -1087 position in the IL-10 promoter upregulates IL-10 gene expression, especially in patients with the GG genotype. A correlation between the -1087 GG genotype and high IL-10 and Sp1 gene expressions was found.

METHODS
Twenty-five individuals with severe generalized chronic periodontitis were genotyped for the -1087 IL-10 gene polymorphism. SV40 promoter factor 1/specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and IL-10 mRNA were analyzed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The amount of Sp1-positive cells and Sp1-positive B cells, as well as the amount of Sp1 protein, in periodontitis lesions were assessed using immunohistochemistry and an in situ proximity ligation assay.

RESULTS
The mRNA expression of Sp1 and IL-10 in patients with the GG genotype was four times higher than that in patients with the AA genotype. Proportions of Sp1-positive cells overall and Sp1-positive B cells were larger in patients with the GG genotype than in patients with the AA genotype.

CONCLUSION
The transcription factor Sp1 was present in large amounts in periodontitis lesions, and the local expression of Sp1 was related to the -1087 IL-10 SNP.


ABSTRACT Many small and mid-range academic libraries are facing the challenge of designing and evolving their Web sites such that they are efficient, easy to use, and up to date. Using some simple techniques borrowed from the "dot.com" world, librarians at Long Island University, Brooklyn, put their site through a usability test in an effort to address problems and make improvements. Students were asked to "surf" LIU's Web site in search of typical library information. Simply by observing the test subjects navigate their site, the librarian Web designers were able to highlight numerous design flaws and envision ways of bettering their site.


Each individual is provided with a single set of powers, therefore, not all learn the same way. It remains, therefore, the educator find alternatives to collaborate for the development of various learner's skills, and that lead not only to cognitive knowledge but the knowledge of his being as a whole. The use of computer resources can enhance the development of these various skills, enabling a relationship so the restructuring of studentteacher , as the development process meets various individual and collective interests. The objective of this work is to make an explanation on the importance of games in the process of teaching and learning emphasizing the development of a specific software inserted in a context of teaching and learning specific contents of the disciplines that make up the curriculum of the 1st year classes to 9th grade of elementary school, applied through a game, titled as " Olympic of Knowledge".


The study makes introspection into the technical and ideological differences and the resultant formation of patterns of audience-integration among traditional and new media platforms. The study concludes with a hypothesis that democratic features and postulates of new media make the differences in effect. The research concludes with the fact that traditional media has no choice but to interact and collaborate with new media, as they are increasingly challenged to keep up to a more interactive and involving audience. Therefore, they have developed a symbiotic relationship of convenience with new media for better audience associations.Keywords: Audience Integration, Ideology, new Media, Introspection.


Objectives/Methods: To induce testicular growth and spermatogenesis, 11 patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were treated with long-term subcutaneous pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration. Three patients had a history of undescended testes. Patients who did not respond to therapy with a sufficient increase in serum testosterone or spermatogenesis were offered additional injections with hCG or, after discontinuation of GnRH, either combined therapy with hCG and hMG or recombinant FSH. Results: During treatment testicular volume and serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone increased. Semen analysis revealed the presence of spermatogenesis in 9 of the 11 patients (8 on GnRH alone and in 1 when hCG/hMG was subsequently instituted), and 7 pregnancies have resulted thus far. Conclusion: Pulsatile GnRH therapy is a well-tolerated and effective therapy for the induction of spermatogenesis in some men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It appears that a significant fraction of them should be treated for a minimum of 1–2 years to maximize testicular growth and achieve spermatogenesis. Cryptorchidism was a negative prognostic factor.


The naked pupae of chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella are susceptible for entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain P6; Lecanicillium muscarium strain V24; Metarhizium anisopliae strain M72 and Beauveria bassiana strain B412. Their activity at low temperature is advantageous especially for the use in the winter season. (Richter et al., 2007a). Therefore the possibility of infection should be examined in biotest for pupae in their pupal cells on leaf of chestnut at conditions Like in winter. Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi is decreased, if pupae are in their pupal cells. But fungi, especially L. muscarium, proved the ability to infect pupae of C. ohridella in their pupal cells. Infected pupae moulded in their pupal cells after application. Infection doesn't come from spores. In semi field trials with L. muscarium 60% of pupae were infected in their pupal cells and died after incubation with mouldiness.


In TrakMark WG, a benchmark test that permits objective and accurate evaluation of the tracking methods has created. In this paper, a prototype tool to generate data sets for evaluating visual tracking meth- ods is shown. A aim of this tool is to generate data sets that include images of virtualized reality models and interest points. This data sets contribute to evaluation and simulation of various methods of extrinsic camera parameter estimation.


Symbolic execution as a test case generation technique has recently become an active research area. However, since symbolic execution generates a large number of test cases, it is impractical to run all the generated test cases in practice. In this paper, we present a test case selection method for a symbolic execution-based test case generation. This method has the following two characteristics. 1)Test cases which cover atomic conditions collected during symbolic execution, called path condition-based, are selected to keep the fault-detection capability. 2)This method does not depend on a particular symbolic execution engine since it is based on an analysis of path conditions in a general format. We implemented this method in our tool and evaluated this method with real systems. Our evaluation shows that the method produces a significant reduction in the size of the test suite while effectively preserving its fault-detection capability. We also demonstrate that the method is compatible with practically any symbolic execution engine, including the popular tools Java Path Finder and KLEE.


Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude is a cosmopolitan plant pathogenic fungus that causes root rot in a large variety of primarily woody hosts. The phylogenetic relationships between Armillaria spp. from the Holarctic floral kingdom have been well studied. In contrast, very little is known regarding the relationships between species from the non-HoI arctic (African, Australian, Indo pacific and South American) floral kingdoms. The aim of this study was to determine the phylogenetic relationships among Armillaria spp. from the non-Holarctic and between these fungi and species from the Holarctic. An additional aim was to consider a previously presented hypothesis that Armillaria has a Gondwanan origin by estimating the time of divergence between the non-Holarctic and Holarctic Armillaria spp. Isolates included in this study originated from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, North America and South America. Analyses were based on DNA sequences from the large subunit (LSU) gene ofthe ribosomal RNA operon. Phylogenetic trees separated the species from the different floral kingdoms into two strongly supported clades representing the Holarctic and the non-Holarctic, respectively. Species in the non-Holarctic clade had a higher interspecific diversity than those from the Holarctic. Results suggest that the non-HoI arctic Armillaria group is much older than the Holarctic and that the non-Holarctic species could have originated in Gondwana.


Novel immunotherapeutic concepts, including immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD-1 and CTLA-4, have dramatically changed clinical practice in cancer treatment. These therapies (re)invigorate T-cell-based tumor immune responses. However, for many patients these therapies fail, as the immunosuppressive tumor milieu often compromises initial development of spontaneous immune responses. To initiate adaptive immune responses, APCs—particularly dendritic cells (DCs)—have to engulf, process, and present tumor-associated antigens to T cells. This cross-priming of tumor-reactive T cells is dependent on DC maturation by type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling [1]. In contrast to infections, lack of proinflammatory signals in the tumor microenvironment often results in suboptimal DC activation. However, under certain circumstances, tumor cells can


Abstract : A set of test plans was prepared to determine the operational capability of AALCs JEFF-A and JEFF-B, two air-cushion amhibious vehicles. Plans were developed especially for use at the Panama City, Florida, test site and a procedure for analyzing the results of the tests is included. (Author)


Introduction: India being projected as Diabetes Capital of the world, carries greater risk of its pregnant population developing Diabetes. Importance of GDM cannot be underestimated with two generations at risk of developing diabetes and related complications in future. This study was conducted to know the prevalence and outcome of GDM among pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka Region of India. Material and methods: We assessed 780 Antenatal Cases, between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, attending our hospital, of which 56 were diagnosed as GDM, based on Glucose Challenge Test results. Most participants were below 25 year of age. Results: Prevalence increased with age, maximum being 30.4% among the age group of > 30 years. Similar association was observed with increasing parity. The common co-morbid conditions associated with GDM were previous H/O abortion (10.7%), PIH (3.5 %), pre-eclampsia (5.3%), anaemia (6.7%) and hypothyroid {on treatment} (10.7%). Though all patients had favourable outcome with alive baby, however only 3.5% patients had normal vaginal delivery while 70.3 % patients underwent LSCS, macrosomia being one of the major cause. 89.2% of babies had an APGAR score of 9, 7.1% had 8 and 3.5% had a score of 7. Macrosomia was observed in 24% of the babies. Amongst the caesarean cases, 96.2% received spinal anaesthesia and 3.7% received epidural anaesthesia. Conclusion: Screening antenatal patients for prevalence of GDM is essential as early detection and appropriate management can result in favourable outcome for both, mother and child.


A method for manufacturing high speed pressure compensator-type drip irrigation tubes and the tubes obtained thereby having absolute radial orientation of molecular chains, the orientation imparting strength as well as flexibility to the tube material. The said method comprises extruding a tube using a plurality of extruders; blowing up the extruded tube by introducing a pressure inside the tube relatively higher than the pressure outside the tube; drawing the blown tube simultaneously to the blowing of tube; flattening the blown tube by heat welding the collapsed halves together and forming a tape immediately, subsequent to the process of blowing and drawing the tube; extrusion of a bonding polymer on one border of the tape; printing flow channels into the hot and viscous bonding polymer; and forming a tube by lengthwise folding the tape and heat welding the overlapping borders together using the bonding polymer.


Body shaper is a tool that is used to shape women's body. Body shaper historically and culturally cannot be separated from women's identity. Body shaper in every culture has
signified women's identity, such as their class, social status, and so on. Nowadays, body shaper is even being industrialized by every culture. One of them is Wacoal. Wacoal is a Japanese company that has concerned with women's underwear since 1946. However, as an Asian company, Wacoal uses Western female model as ambassador for their body
shaper product. Thus, this study aims to analyze the portrayal of women's ideal body
myth within Wacoal online advertisement. Beauty myth theory is used because this study
discusses about the issue of beauty standards shown through Wacoal product
advertisement. This study uses qualitative method because it is more focused on the text
contained in the media. The research objects are Wacoal body shaper advertisement in
August 2005, February 2009 and October 2009 because all the three products are best
sellers and show Western women as their models. The underlying message is that
Western countries are still being the center for non-Western countries in terms of beauty
and body.


The use of source residual redundancy to provide error protection is the most critical technology in joint source-channel coding(JSCC) scheme. However, due to the uncertainty of the source, it has always become a researchable problem when extracting and calculating the redundancy. This paper is putting forward a valid method in such area: the Sequence Training Method of Extracting and Calculating Residual Redundancy. The simulating results in the last part have proved its validity and robustness in the case of joint source channel coding of static image transmission system.


It was found that the performance of cylinder cut tobacco dryer become worse.The moisture content of output tobacco fluctuated beyond the tolerance of standard deviation 0.17%.By analyzing the steam and drainage pipelines in the dryer,the fault was attributed to the wear of rotary packing gland.Therefore, the internal diameter of compression nut was enlarged and a compression spring added to keep the packing always in a tightly compression state and prevent steam from leaking into cycling water pipeline.After improvement,the standard deviation of output moisture content reduced from 0.26% to 0.12%,the fluctuation of steam pressure and cycling water temperature decreased obviously,and 527 tons of steam and $68.5 thousand were saved per year.


INTRODUCTION
Intrusive errors in verbal memory tests could be considered as a preclinical marker of familial Alzheimer disease (AD). AIMS. To analyze and to compare the number and types of intrusive errors in the CERAD verbal memory test, administered to a genealogy of affected by familial AD, with E280A presenilin-1 mutation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sample was constituted by 30 asymptomatic non-carriers (ANC), 39 non-demented carriers (NDC) and 21 demented carriers (DC). CERAD verbal memory test was administered to the sample. Comparisons, with non parametric Kruskal-Wallis' analysis, were done.

RESULTS
NDC participants presented more intrusive errors than ANC group in the first and second trials and in the delay recall of the memory task; also they had more intrusive errors than the DC patients in intrusive errors of the first trial and delay recall of the same task. The ANC and DC groups had significantly more intrusions only in third trial.

CONCLUSION
Intrusive errors could be considered as a cognitive preclinical marker for familial AD.


The implementation of teaching management in view of credit system of Liuzhou Teachers' College is under investigation.This paper reveals some problems of credit system occurring in teaching management,and gives some advice to improve the situation.


Abstract INTRODUCTION DMG-ACT (DMG- multi-arm Adaptive and Combinatorial Trial) aims to implement a highly innovative clinical trial design of combinatorial arms for patients with diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) at all disease stages that is adaptive to pre-clinical data generated in eight collaborating institutions. The goals of the team are to: i) rapidly identify and validate promising drugs for clinical use, and ii) predict biomarkers for promising drugs. METHODS In vitro (n=15) and in vivo (n=8) models of DMGs across seven institutions were used to assess single and combination treatments with ONC201, ONC206, marizomib, panobinostat, Val-083, and TAK228. In vivo pharmacokinetic assays using clinically relevant dosing of ONC201, ONC206, and panobinostat were performed. Predictive biomarkers for ONC201 and ONC206 were identified using extensive molecular assays including CRISPR, RNAseq, ELISA, FACS, and IHC. RESULTS Inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were established and validated across participating sites. In vivo validation of single and combination drug assays confirmed drug efficacy as increased survival for: ONC201 (p=0.01), ONC206 (p=0.01), ONC201+ONC206 (p=0.02), and ONC201+panobinostat (p=0.01). Marizomib showed toxicity in murine/zebrafish PDXs models. Murine pharmacokinetic analysis showed peak brain levels of ONC201 and ONC206 above pre-clinical IC50. Molecular testing and analyses of existing drug screen across 537 cancer cell lines validated mitochondrial stress and ATF4 as the main targets induced by ONC201/6. CONCLUSION Thorough preclinical testing in a multi-site laboratory setting is feasible and identified ONC201 in combination with ONC206 as promising therapeutics for DMGs. Preclinical and correlative-clinical studies are ongoing.


The Development of a Redictive Model of the Rate of Disease Progression to End-Stage R e d Disease in Patients with Idiopathic IgA Nephropathy. Master of Science, 2000. Lukasz Piotr Bartosik. Institute of Medical Science. University of Toronto. PURWGE To improve the ability of detemsiniag outcome in IgAN patients aear presentation. METBODS 298 IgAN patients wen selected fiom the Toronto Glomedonephntis Registry. Rate of decline in rend fimction was our outcome variable. Age, gender, creatinine clearance, blood pressure, proteinuria and the Lee, Haas and Lajoie histological classifications were parameters tested using univariate and muhivariate linear regression. RESULTS At presentation mean age was 36 years and the gender distriiution was 3:2. M m length of observation was 70 months. In total, 23% reached ESRD. The 5-year r e d swival was 80%. The mean rate of rend decüne was 0.4 mVmin/month. Baseline proteinuria, mean artenal pressure during follow-up, proteinuria during follow-up and degtee of chronic tubdo-interstitial âamage were negatively awociated with outcome. ûniy mean arteriai pressure and proteinuria duiing follow-up were independently associated with outcome. CONCLUSlON We did not h d any variables that wodd independentiy pradict the rate of disease progression at presentation.


This issue of Australian Geographermarks the journal's 90th anniversary. It comes at a time of great change, reflection, and possibility—for geography, and for the earth. Over the past nine decades, ideas and methods in geography have evolved considerably. The very first issue of Australian Geographer, published in August 1928, might be considered an antiquity of the prevailing colonial imaginary. In their inaugural editorial, Stead and Taylor (1928, 3–4) positioned the journal, and the newly formed Geographical Society of New South Wales, as an essential platform for 'nation-planning':


There is currently no large-scale production of 238 Pu in the United States. Feasibility studies were performed at the Idaho National Laboratory to assess the capability of developing alternative 238 Pu production strategies. Initial investigations indicate potential capability to provision radioisotope-powered systems for future space exploration endeavors. For the short term production of 238 Pu, sealed canisters of dilute 237 Np solution in nitric acid could be irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). Targets in the large and medium "I" positions of the ATR were irradiated over a simulated period of 306 days and analyzed using MCNP5 and ORIGEN2.2. Approximately 0.5 kg of 238 Pu could be produced annually in the ATR with purity greater than 92%. Optimization of the irradiation cycles could further increase the purity to greater than 98%. Whereas the typical purity of space batteries is between 80 to 85%, the higher purity 238 Pu produced in the ATR could be blended with existing lower- purity inventory to produce useable material. Development of irradiation methods in the ATR provides the fastest alterative to restart United States 238 Pu production. The analysis of 238 Pu production in the ATR provides the technical basis for production using TRIGA ® (Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics) nuclear reactors. Preliminary analyses envisage a production rate of approximately 0.7 kg annually using a single dedicated 5-MW TRIGA reactor with continuous flow loops to achieve high purity product. Two TRIGA reactors represent a robust means of providing at over 1 kg/yr of 238 Pu annually using dilute solution targets of 237 Np in nitric acid. Further collaboration and optimization of reactor design, radiochemical methods, and systems analyses would further increase annual 238 Pu throughput, while reducing the currently evaluated reactor requirements.


Dermatopathology is the practice of assessing cutaneous diseases at the cellular level by performing microscopic examination of skin biopsy tissue samples. Histologic examination is a valuable diagnostic tool, frequently affecting treatment decisions. Understanding the correlations of a disease's pathophysiology and its microscopic morphology is essential in enhancing clinicians' diagnostic acuity. Therefore, this column is designed to present clinicalYpathologic correlations on common, clinically relevant diagnoses. This is a case of a nodular basal cell carcinoma.


Doubts related to the norm contained in can. 868 § 2 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law appear from the very beginning with many authors of canonical literature. Two fundamental issues are reflected in this canon, namely the right to religious freedom, which is one of the basic human rights and on the other hand the necessity of baptism for salvation. Therefore, it is not easy to interpret this canon. Both theological and legal issues should be deepened in order to clarify any doubts related to the current canonical norm. This study is an attempt to give an interpretation, which on the one hand explains most of the doubts arising from the interpenetration of different theological and legal issues in this norm, and on the other hand, which is in accordance with the teaching of the Catholic Church and the intention of the universal legislator.


The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinclus), a laboratory model for studying lepromatous leprosy. C. H. Binford, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology , Washington, D.C.; and E. E. Storrs. Gulf South Research Institute, New Iberia, Loui siana. Dr. Eleanor E. Storrs, Ph. D., bioc hemi st . New Iberia , Loui siana , assisted by Waldemar F. Kirchheimer , Ph. D ., mic rob iologrst a t the USPHS Hospital , Carville, Loui siana , on 10 February 1970, initiated a program for use of the armadillo in leprosy research . The exhibit by color photomicrographs will depict the success that has been obtained at the Gulf South Research Institute in thi s animal. The pictures are selected from ti ssues obtained at autopsy of seven animals. The exhibit emphasizes the similarity of leprosy in the armadillo to human lepromatous leprosy. The summary of the results to date with thi s new animal model shows that it offers great promise for basic research in lepromatous leprosy.


Plumbic compound pollution is a great danger for the environment and man's vital activity. A great deal of scientists believes the hunting plumbeous shot to be one of the main sources of pollution, and as they suppose it results in waterfowl death. It is suggested forbidding hunting or changing plumbeous shot to steel one. This problem has not been researched well on the territory of Russia.


Image coding technology has been developed for various purposes with the progress of large-scale communication networks and recording technology. Notably, a method using a discrete cosine transform (DCT) and a variable-length code (VLC) has been popular for still image coding. Although this method is excellent for general purposes, some images such as the edges of letters become blurred unless the code compression rate is sufficiently high.

This paper proposes a method of estimating high-frequency components from low-frequency components and auto-regressive (AR) coefficients by applying an AR model to the DCT coefficient of an image block (or "block edge") containing sharp edges. The method produces AR coefficients for each block and preserves the AR coefficients, DCT coefficients and the estimated errors of high-frequency components as data to reconstruct images. The newly introduced AR coefficients are quantized uniformly and added to the head of the components in the standard method. The estimated errors are added to the data instead of the high-frequency components. Examples of images containing sharp edges such as letters were processed by the proposed method, and the results confirm the usefulness of the method.


In order to improve the convergence performance of Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization(QPSO) algorithm,this paper proposed an improved QPSO algorithm which was called RE-QPSO based on the random evaluation strategy.The new algorithm evaluated the innovation of particles by using a random factor and improved the ability of the particles to get rid of the local optima.Fixed value strategy and linear decreasing strategy were proposed for controlingthe theunique parameter of QPSO algorithm and they were tested on six benchmark functions.According to the test results,some conclusions concerning the selection of the parameter were drawn.


(SOD) 1 mutation analysis confirmed homozygous mutation. The dog died from insufficient breathing on day 859 , necropsy was carried out, and histology of the brain and spinal cord was examined. Histopathological examinations revealed myelin loss, axonal degeneration, and diffuse proliferation of astrocytes in the spinal white matter, as well as neuronal loss and chromatolysis of remaining neuronal cells in the ventral horn. These lesions almost conform to those of canine degenerative myelopathy (DM). For Shetland sheepdogs with homozygous SOD 1 mutation and symptoms of progressive ataxia, canine DM should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis.


Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases that cause health problems worldwide. Antigen 85B is a secreted protein of the infectious strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our main focus is on production of proteins as a booster vaccine to replace the traditional Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmetter-Guerin (BCG) vaccine formula. The main challenge is to express a high yield of an active recombinant protein in native soluble form.  To the extent of our knowledge, the cultivation conditions, such as optimal temperature, for overexpressing soluble Ag85B protein of the gene Rv1886c, have never been reported. This study showed for the first time the optimizing culturing conditions for inducing expression of soluble Ag85B protein by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Protein yields were higher at a low temperature of 25 °C (for 12 h), compared to those at a high temperature of 37 °C (for 5 h).  To conclude, low temperature is associated with slow expression which allows the protein to adopt a well-folded conformation and provides a high yield of soluble recombinant protein.


The article provides state of art on the development of intercultural educational interventions in contexts of indigenous populations that contribute to the decolonization of the school curriculum in the school education system in indigenous territories. The methodology is qualitative and consists of a documentary-descriptive review of the normative and scientific literature at a national and international level, on experiences of intercultural educational interventions to understand and explain how academic relationships and knowledge between indigenous and non-indigenous people are established in the teaching and learning processes at school. The main results show categories of indigenous educational knowledge, possible to articulate in the different school curriculum subjects at different educational levels. We conclude that it is possible to establish an intercultural educational relationship based on the involvement between teachers, students, parents, and members of indigenous communities, to offer an education relevant to the territorial context in which the teaching-learning process occurs. metodología revisión documental-descriptiva. criterios inclusión artículos y su análisis 1) bases de datos motores intercultural indígenas. técnica utilizada análisis escolar núcleos de temas de orden abstracto, de sentido, expresados en el texto y que permiten develar categorías de conocimientos indígenas posibles de articular escolar, para repensar perspectiva intercultural.


Reading is one of the main sources of learning, especially for young readers such as teens. Promoting good reading habits among teens is essential, given the enormous influence of reading on teenagers' development as learners and members of society. For this reason, it is imperative to motivate young readers to read by offering them appealing books to read so that they can enjoy reading and gradually establish a reading habit during their formative years that can aid in enhancing their learning attitude. Books, which provide an indispensable source of reading materials, broaden the horizons of teenagers and allow them to learn from different disciplines, expand their perspective in decision making, and gain knowledge. These days there are a wide variety of books available on the market for teenagers, parents, and librarians to choose from. Due to the diversity of books, choosing a desirable book from a set of unfamiliar books to read is time-consuming and there is no guarantee of the satisfaction of its content. Existing book recommender systems, however, either focus on general audience or very young readers, such as children, and thus might not meet the specific needs of the particular group of users whom we target, i.e., teenagers. To make appropriate recommendations on books that are appealing to teenagers, we propose a book recommender system, called TBRec. TBRec recommends books to teenagers based on their personal preferences and needs that are determined by using various book features. These features, which include book genres, topic relevance, predicted user ratings, and readability levels, have significant impact on the readers' preference and satisfaction on a book. These distinguished parts of a book identify the type, subject area, (un)likeness, and complexity of the book content. Experimental results reveal that TBRec outperforms Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and LibraryThing in making book recommendations for teenagers, and the results are statistically significant.


Chinese politics after 30 years,has made great strides,it will be further developed into a fashionable "politics",researchers must be in Marxism's guidance,promotion of scientific study politics,we must focus more on china's social problems,the strengthening of research and further promote international basic theory with the construction.


Wang Kaiyun's restoration was sourced from the restoration of Qizi,which amended and supplemented theories of Qizi in Ming Dynasty.Wang Kaiyun criticized their theory of "only poetry of prosperous Tang Dynasty is truly imitated " and defined the poetry in six dynasties in Hanwei as the object of study.He still advanced a complete series of methods of writing poems and solved the contradiction of Qizi about metaphors .At last he defied later people's notion that the restoration of Qizi were campared to clothes of actors and discussed the ancient standard of writing poetry as the likeness of form and spirit,which performed the reconstruction of the system of restoration of Qizi in Ming Dynasty both in theory and practice.


The invention discloses an inorganic nanometer fire-retardant wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method of the inorganic nanometer fire-retardant wood-plastic composite material. The wood-plastic composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of granular recycled plastic, 100 to 200 parts of wood fiber, 5 to 15 parts of coupling agent, 25 to 45 parts of fire retardant, 1 to 3 parts of smoke suppression agent, 5 to 15 parts of lubricating agent, 1 to 5 parts of antioxidant, 1 to 5 parts of age resister, and 1 to 5 parts of coloring agent, wherein the adopted fire retardant is an inorganic fire retardant and smoke suppression agent at nanometer level and belongs to the halogen-free environment-friendly fire retardant. Compared with the wood-plastic composite material without being subjected to fire retardant treatment, the inorganic nanometer fire-retardant wood-plastic composite material disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the fire retardant performance and the smoke suppression performance are obviously improved, e.g. the oxygen index is increased by 20 to 30%, the smoke density is decreased by 30 to 40%, the heat release rate is reduced by 20 to 50%, the maximum heat release rate is reduced by 30 to 45%, and the total released heat is decreased by 30 to 40%; simultaneously, the physical and mechanical performances such as the bending strength and the absorbing water thickness expansion rate of the inorganic nanometer fire-retardant wood-plastic composite material meet the requirement of national standard on wood-plastic decorative boards; and the inorganic nanometer fire-retardant wood-plastic composite material is applicable to sites with relatively high requirements on fire resistance of materials in building and indoor decoration.


The modal analysis method of a probe-fed, cavity-backed patch element in a unit cell is presented. This type of element is considered for use in an electronically scanned horizontally polarized X-band aperture operating from 9.7 GHz to 10.3 GHz and with an azimuth scan of ±45°. The scanned characteristics of the element are found to be well suited for the intended application.


Modern elastomeric lip type stern seals equipped with fluorinated rubber sealing rings offer an improvement in simplicity and reliability over the older type of seal which incorporated a "guide ring" system together with nitrile rubber sealing rings. The use of ceramic coatings for stern seal liners can be accepted to reduce the incidence of liner wear and corrosion. The introduction of an oil lubricated reinforced plastic sterntube bearing material, as an alternative to white metal, has given excellent results under arduous service conditions. It has been noted from test rig investigations that a reinforced plastic bearing will accommodate comparatively high values of shaft misalignment without ill effects. The combination of a modern lip type stern seal and reinforced plastic bearing represents a very simple bearing and seal system which offers a high degree of operational availability under extraordinary conditions.


As there is no fundamental frequency in whisper, abstraction of other acoustic characteristics from whispered Mandarin becomes more prominent in speech analysis and synthesis. In this paper, the differences between whispered and voiced vowels in Chinese are statistically analyzed. At first, the formant of whisper is discussed. Then, Gain in whisper is described. Next, tone recognition for whispered Mandarin is descanted. Experimental results with six mono-vowels /a/, /o/, /e/, /i/, /u/, and /ü/ indicate the following: (1) the first and second formant frequencies of whispered vowels show shifts toward higher frequencies, but that trend is only strongly evident for F1, (2) the formant bandwidths are expanded and are nearly constant throughout the all formants, (3) the gain of whispered vowel is much lower than that of voiced vowel, and (4) the envelope of whispered spectrum might carry some tonal information.


Raman Scattering Was Used To Obtain New Information on the formation of Au-Ge-GaAs alloyed ohmic contacts. During alloying, we observe that amorphous Ge is transfoplmed into polycrystalline material. When Ge diffuses into the GaAs, no n + -GaAs layer is formed. Due to the intermixing of layers, both GaAs and Ge had a large number of impurities which formed deep electronic states in the forbidden gap. Electronic light scattering involving these states was observed. While several models for the Au-Ge-GaAs ohmic contact have been proposed, the model consistent with our Raman data includes resonant tunneling assisted by impurity levels in the graded Au-Ge-GaAs heterojunction structure as a basic conduction mechanism.


Two new species of Trischistoma are described from Chile and differ from their relatives, and also from the majority of free-living continental nematodes, by their long and exceedingly slender body. Trischistoma tenuissimum sp. n. is characterised by a 4.0-4.2 mm long body, a = 94-112, presence of long post-vulval uterine sac, female tail 7.6 anal body diam. long, three weak precloacal papillae and 60 μ m long spicules. Trischistoma subtilissimum sp. n. is 2.9-3.5 mm long with a = 123-146, has a very long post-vulval uterine sac, a female tail 12-14 anal body diam. long, 2-3 weak precloacal papillae and 38-40 μ m long spicules.


this means there was a lack of a shared position. There is insufficient evidence to support this considering that collective statements were still delivered in 2013 and 2014 at the ICC's annual General Debate, and that many African states upheld the AU non-cooperation decision. Boehme's table 4.1 (82) shows that Omar Al Bashir, the former President of Sudan, cancelled 11 trips to nine African ICC States Parties due to threat of arrest but was permitted to visit eight African States Parties on 16 occasions without such threat. Boehme's conclusion is not necessarily untrue; but more evidence is needed to support an unequivocal conclusion. Overall, State Behavior and the International Criminal Court is a fascinating read that is packed with useful analysis. The few areas for improvement do not detract from its principal findings. It is a worthwhile addition to the existing literature about African-ICC relations and should be required reading to ensure a holistic perspective on this relationship.


Written expression is one of the most important skills in philological studies. Subjected to a constant formative and summative evaluation, it plays a distinctive role and shows both the achievements and the shortcomings of the student's linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic skills. In this analysis, we would like to focus on this last component of communicative competence, but also on the strategies of the learners connected with their practice of various forms of writing in the academic and private sphere. The paper summarizes the results of a survey completed by Spanish philology students from the Department of Romance Philology at the University of Wroclaw during the summer term of 2018/2019 academic year. One of the objectives of the survey was to find out to what extent the PNJH Pisanie program correspondsto the needs and expectations of current students in Poland.


This paper includes a discussion of a catfish polyculture experiment conducted in brackish water ponds at the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, Louisiana. Ponds containing channel catfish (1ctaluTUs punctatus) only served as controls and were compared to other ponds containing various stocking ratios of blue (1. furcatus) , channel and white catfish (I. catus) to determine if production could be increased. Length-weight relationships, coefficients of condition, food conversions, survival and growth data were compared in an analysis of the various stocking combinations.


Adolescence is a challenging developmental transition in the lives of young adults, yet despite these challenges youth must normatively transition through adolescence and take on adult roles and responsibilities. Research on the topic of adolescence has addressed many of the biological, psychological, and social changes that occur during this time and this evidence converges on the notion that this normative transition can be a period of vulnerabilities or opportunities. Exposure to many forms of early adversity can exacerbate the biopsychosocial challenges of adolescence, with emerging research illustrating that child abuse and maltreatment exert particularly deleterious consequences on adolescent physiology and development. What is under-studied is whether specific forms of maltreatment in early life have immediate and long lasting effects on physiological health and wellbeing of developing youth. The present study examined cortisol and testosterone, two hormones that play important roles in adolescence and pubertal development. In addition to being acutely responsive to context, the two hormones follow a diurnal rhythm, which is highly associated with health outcomes. The present study examined effects of sexual abuse on diurnal testosterone and cortisol of incarcerated adolescent girls and boys (N=101, 49.5% female, 53% Non-White), ages 13-18 (M=16.17). The present study examined whether sexual abuse had a unique effect on cortisol and testosterone diurnal slopes for males and females. Gender was explored as a potential moderator of the relationship between sexual abuse and hormones. Race, BMI, and puberty were controlled for in examining the effects of sexual abuse on waking hormones and diurnal slope. Sexually abused youth had steeper cortisol slopes (p<.005). Girls had flatter cortisol slopes (B=.088, p<.05) and lower waking testosterone (p<.001). No significant effect of sexual abuse on testosterone was found after


edited by G. Said, A.G. Saimont, C. Lacroix, and M. Tardieu, 224 pp., ill., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1998, $89.00

The AIDS epidemic has touched all aspects of medicine. Neurologic involvement is common in the HIV-infected patient, and occurs at all stages of the disease. Our educational efforts have not always kept pace with the demand for neurologic expertise in its management. This book goes a long way to help remedy this in a practical and straightforward way.

The book consists of eight chapters, written by a team of experts who practice in France. The first chapter consists of an overall introduction to HIV infection. The other chapters discuss various more specialized topics including the HIV-associated dementia complex, opportunistic infections and neoplasms of the CNS, spinal cord disease, peripheral nerve and muscle disease, and the neurology of pediatric HIV disease. There are many practical details on the diagnosis and management of the various aspects of the disease, in addition to good discussions of the current understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. The book is …


Objective:Cachexia is a severe complication of advanced heart failure and chronic kidney disease. We previously reported that high dose Angiotensin II infusion in rats determined body weight reduction, prevented by an AT-1 receptor blocker treatment and beta-adrenergic non selective antagonism. The


Batch cooling and antisolvent crystallization of copper sulfate pentahydrate using surfactant additives is investigated to understand the effect of various factors on its morphology. It has been found that nonionic surfactants have a marginal effect on this ionic compound, whereas ionic surfactants are able to modify the morphology substantially. Alcoholic antisolvents are also found to be effective habit modifiers that produce elongated crystals. It has been shown that the effects of surfactants and antisolvents can be combined by using a surfactant–antisolvent pair. The effect of surfactant is observed after a certain threshold concentration. A detailed study of the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of sodium dodecyl sulfate in copper sulfate pentahydrate solution confirmed that this threshold concentration is close to the CMC of the surfactant in copper sulfate pentahydrate solution. Evidence suggests that a concentration higher than CMC is required to maintain a surfactant reservoir in the system,...


he fungal plant pathogens were isolated from different host plants grown at different locations in Egypt. Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Rhizoctonia solani, Stemphylium botryosum, Trichoderma viride and Thielaviopsis basicola were recovered. Polygalacturonase (PG), chitinase (CH), cellulase (Cx) were determined using a suggested modified plate method with very low agar content (5gm/l). All fungal isolates produced remarkable activity of PG, CH and produced less cellulase (81.8% frequency) at 28°C. Six isolates (54.5%) were scored active PG producers namely T. viride, Th. basicola, F. oxysporum, P. lycopersici, M. phaseolina, S. botryosum, four isolates (36.4%) were moderate in this regard, R. solani (9.1%) was scored non producer at 21°C. Similar variation in Cx for the activity of three fungal isolates (27.3%) was recognized as active producers for T. viride, Th. basicola, F. oxysporum and three isolates (27.3%) were scored as moderate producers for P. lycopersici, F. solani, A. solani. on the other hand, five isolates, (45.5%) were found to be non-producers in this regard, A. alternata, R. solani, M. phaseolina, S. botryosum and C. lunata at 21°C. Moreover, two fungal isolates (18.2%) were highly active producers of chitinase (CH) activity for F. oxysporum and F. solani. Three isolates (27.3%) failed to produce chitinase (CH) under the conditions of the experiment for A. alternata, R. solani, M. phaseolina, though six isolates (54.5%) were found to be moderate chitinase (CH) producers by A. solani, C. lunata, P. lycopersici, S. botryosum, T. viride and T. basicola. Seven fungal isolates (63.6%) reacted positively at higher temperature (28°C) and higher production of (PG), (CH) and (Cx). The highest temperature tends to increase qualitatively the enzyme activity, while lower temperature decreased such effect. Four isolates, F. oxysporum, Th. basicola, T. viride, and P. lycopersici were scored active PG, CH and Cx at two different temperatures, 21 and 28°C, at four days incubation. It is worth noting that the semi solid agar medium (5 gm. agar/l) is being favorable for accurate detection of PG, Cx, and CH. Further trial with the modified semi-solid agar medium for evaluation of other enzymes involved in pathogenicity are needed.


The major methodologies of crowd simulation in dynamic environment are either based on micro and macro models. Each of the two types of model represent choices in the trade-off between level of details and efficiency. The domain of pedestrian flow simulation in road networks is no exception and theories rely either on equation based model (LWR) or agent based models. There is a growing interest for hybrid modeling that combines both models together. This paper addresses the problem of combining both micro and macro models of pedestrians to speedup identification of optimal evacuation plan. The goal is therefor to use efficient macro modeling in part of the road networks that do not require fine grained model and less efficient but more detailed micro modeling elsewhere. The key issue raised by such an approach is to demonstrate the consistency of the resulting hybrid model. Preliminary results presented in this article are a proof of concept of how important speed up may be obtained using hybrid model to simulate evacuation plan in road networks.


The use of Laser-Doppler vibrometers for noncontact vibration measurements is increasing to allows the characterization of dynamic behavior of structures where the traditional accelerometers are unusable due to small sized structures, high frequency of high temperatures. Installed on a robotic deplacement system, these vibrometers allow the realization of cartographys. The system developed at CETIM comprises of two vibrometers on one 4 axes robot, and enables the mappings of vibrational velocity and also the measurement of energy flows, that allows the visualization of the of transmission paths and the calculation of the vibrational power for characterizing the forces injected into structures. Some techniques, like modal analysis can be improved by the use of such devices. The paper presents the system and the results obtained and insists on the practical aspects of experimentations. After a reminder of the quantities measured, the influential parameters are put forward: the surface state, the positioning of systems, sensitivity, the phase mismatch, aspects of signal processing on automatic measurements, etc...some examples of application are presented.


The findings suggest that supplementation of a calcified seaweed supplement (Aquacid™) increased bone turnover of yearlings as compared with supplementation of limestone that provided an equivalent amount of calcium when fed with a diet containing the National Research Council recommended amount of calcium.


Tow principal mechanisms have so far been found to be responsible for acquired macrolide ,lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae : target site modification and active drug efflux .the target site modification is due to methylase prevents the binding of the antibiotic to its ribosomal target and can be expressed either in a constitutive (cMLS phenotype) or inducible (iMLS phenotype ) manner .the macrolide efflux system,M phenotype ,is mediated by a membrane protein responsible for the efflux resistance. Although the incidence of resistance to macrolides was low in the past today the incidence reported by several countries shows a sensible increase. Thus it is necessary to search and test novel antimicrobial agents characterized by a spectrum of activity against the most common respiratory pathogens. This study compared the invitro activity (MIC and MBC) of telithromycin with activity of azithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae recently isolated from San Giovanni Battista Hospital (Turin, Italy). Erythromycin — resistance phenotypes were determined through a triple — disk test to correlate a potential different bacterial pattern to antimicrobial s sceptibility. The incidence of erythromycin-resistance was 26.66% .In the group of Ery-R Streptococcus pneumoniae 58.33% strains belonged to ¢MLS phenotype, 33.33% to M phenotype and 8.33% to iMLS phenotype. Telithromycin presented MIC values lower than those detected with azithromycin against all isolated strains . Telithromycin appeared to be highly active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, in particular when resistance is mediated by the efflux system confirming its clinical efficacy among respiratory streptococcal infections.


The goal of our present study is to assess the pharmacological potential of essential oil extracted from Spartium junceum cultivated in Lebanon. This oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger apparatus. Then, an organoleptic characterization and an evaluation of its antioxidant, repellent/insecticidal, and antibacterial activities have been evaluated. The obtained results showed that this oil had an antioxidant activity reaching 82 % dependent on the dilution used. In addition, it showed an insecticidal effect and an antibacterial effect.


In this paper, a buck half-bridge DC-DC converter is used as a single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter for feeding a voltage source inverter (VSI) based permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive. The front end of this PFC converter is a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) fed from single-phase AC mains. The PMBLDCM is used to drive a compressor load of an air conditioner through a three-phase VSI fed from a controlled DC link voltage. The speed of the compressor is controlled to achieve energy conservation using Back Propagation network Algorithm Where DC link voltage is controlled proportional to the desired speed of the PMBLDCM. Therefore the VSI is operated only as an electronic commutator of the PMBLDCM. The stator current of the PMBLDCM during step change of reference speed is controlled by a rate limiter for the reference voltage at DC link. The proposed PMBLDCM drive with voltage control based PFC converter is designed, modeled and its performance is simulated in Matlab-Simulink environment for an air conditioner compressor driven through a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. The evaluation results of the proposed speed control scheme with Back propagation agorithm a concept of ANN (Artificial neural network)are presented to demonstrate an improved efficiency of the proposed drive system with PFC feature in wide range of the speed and an input AC voltage. Index Terms— PFC, PMBLDCM, Air conditioner, Buck Half bridge converter, Voltage control, VSI


pundits frequently comment that the pace of innovation in higher education can be measured by the 40 years it took to get the overhead projector out of the bowling alley and into the classroom. The (few) pundits who know something about both bowling and technology often add that faculty are now far more likely to find computerized projection systems in bowling alleys than in college classrooms. But something significant is happening. Fueled by more than four decades of aspirations and a dozen years of sustained (if often ad hoc) experimentation, information technology has finally emerged as a permanent, respected, and increasingly essential component of the college experience. New data from the annual Campus Computing survey, now in its sixth year, indicate a major gain in the proportion of college courses (and by extension, college faculty) using information technology as an instructional resource. These data reveal that the use


A power plant unit 2 in Anhui Province is a 300 MW unit typical of early Shanghai steam turbine plant. The aging unit makes the cylinder efficiency and heat consumption considerably lower than the designed values, making it less competitive in the power market competition. To improve the performance of the unit, technologies are extensively used for purpose of capacity increasing transformation and throw-flow transformation. Thus, the standard coal consumption of power supply decreases by 20. 08 g /( kW·h),the capacity increases to 330 MW,and significantly reduces emissions of pollutants.


INTRODUCTION: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD's) is currently considered multifactorial, involving psychological factors, oral parafunctions, morphological and functional malocclusion. OBJECTIVES: In keeping with this reasoning, we evaluated children who seek preventive orthodontic treatment, to better understand their grievances and to assess the prevalence of TMD signs and symptoms in these patients. METHODS: Two examiners evaluated 65 children aged 6 to 11 years. RESULTS: In our sample, bruxism featured the highest prevalence rate, whereas atypical swallowing displayed the highest rate among predisposing factors. CONCLUSION: We therefore recommend that the evaluation of possible TMD signs and symptoms in children be adopted as routine in the initial clinical examination.


Objective To observe the morphological changes in intestinal mucosa after using 7.5%hypertonic saline/gelatin at early resuscitation after hemorrhagic shock.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.Hemorrhagic shock was induced by bloodletting in the artery to mean arterial pressure(MAP)of 4.67 to 5.33 kPa,and maintained for 60 minutes.The three groups were resuscitated with three different fluids(lactate Ringer's solution,7.5% hypertonic saline gelatin,ATP-MgCl_2-lactate Ringer's solution),respectively.The terminal ileums were harvested at 2 hours after resuscitation.The morphological changes in intestinal mucosa were observed under light microscope,including mucosal thickness,height of villi and mucosa damage index.Results Significant difference was found in mucosa damage index among the 3 groups(P0.05).But there was no significant difference in mucosal thickness,height of villi among the 3 groups.Conclusion Hypertonic saline gelatin solution used at early resuscitation after hemorrhagic shock resuscitation is helpful in reducing mucosa damage in intestinal of the rats.


Designing and creating physical computing system can be challenging for novice user.In this paper, we present FritzBot, an intelligent conversational agent offering assistance for novice users on constructing physical-computing systems through natural-language interaction. We create a lexical circuit-event database based on 152 student reports from the undergraduate physical-computing course in a local art school. The LSTM-CRF network of FrzitBot is trained on that database, and is able to extract the input and the output events from the user's description, and generate the circuit and the code along with the construction guidelines. A user study shows that FritzBot can significantly reduce the construction effort and time spent for novice users on physical-computing task.


The paper discusses high-frequency Hall effect as the counterpart of that portion of the radiation pressure which arises within a material medium when an electromagnetic wave is propagated through it. Radiation pressure due to reflection of the wave at the surface of the medium, when surrounded by free space, can have no counterpart Hall effect. In a previous paper the author showed that, in general, there are two components of Hall effect, one of which is dependent upon the conduction current in the material medium and the other upon the corresponding displacement current. The first of these Hall effects is associated with the progressive dissipation of energy as heat in the material medium as the wave moves forward, while the second corresponds to the transfer of stored energy to the material medium from the space occupied by it, or vice versa. For simplicity, the problem is first considered in relation to a plane wave propagating through a finite thickness of homogeneous medium which extends without boundary in the transverse plane. Attention is concentrated on what happens within the material medium itself, and bearing in mind that the Hall effect and `internal' radiation pressure are produced by the same mechanism, expressions are derived for both these quantities. Extending the discussion to the more practical arrangement in which most of the power consumed by a load is transmitted around the sides of a Hall plate, the analysis leads to a simple method of computing the total Hall e.m.f. generated in the plate from a knowledge of the power dissipated in the semiconductor by the oppositely directed travelling waves in it. The effect due to transfer of stored energy is relatively very small and in most cases may be neglected. Any discontinuities within the Hall plate setting up internal reflections can significantly increase the total radiation pressure, but, in general, this tends to reduce the Hall effect.


ummary
An important part of being a scientist is communicating findings and results to fellow colleagues and the public. This is often achieved through oral presentation in front of a group of people. How well the message is conveyed to the crowd depends largely on the presentation skills of the oral presenter. Yet many scientists do not get adequate education or training in presentation skills and techniques. Consequently many presenters are forced to learning by doing. This short talk will highlight a selection of tips and tricks to improve the presentation skills for oral presentations.


BACKGROUND: The marketability of bananas over long distances has been limited due to their highly perishable nature and sensitivity to ethylene. To increase the shelf-life several alternatives have been tested in attempts to maintain quality characteristics. We evaluated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (SmartFreshSM, 1-MCP) and a chitosan-based edible coating (FreshSeal®, EC), applied alone or combined, on bananas at ripeness stage 3. All fruits were stored for 8 days at 22 °C, 85% RH. Color development, weight loss, firmness, physiological, sensory and chemical variables were evaluated.

RESULTS: After 3 days, control and EC-treated fruits were completely yellow (°Hue = 90), while 1-MCP treated fruits alone and combined with EC were still showing some green colorations on tips and neck of fingers. After 7 days, fruits treated with the combination (EC + 1-MCP) reached a Hue value of 90. Firmer fruits were observed with 1-MCP alone or combined with EC. A decrease of 0.15% titratable acidity and an increase of 8°Brix were observed in all treatments during the experiment. The incidence of sugar spots was delayed and diminished on fruits treated with 1-MCP either alone or combined. Sensory results showed no adverse effects by using the 1-MCP or the edible coating.

CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of EC + 1-MCP could be used to extend the commercial life of bananas for up to four more days. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry


Herbal plants and their extracts deserve special attention because of the important role they play on human health. The majority of the world population depends on herbal plants for their primary health care. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), almost 80% of the people in marginal communities use medicinal plants for treatment of various diseases. Although, the effectiveness of herbal plants is mainly associated with their constituents (phytochemicals), prolonged intake of these plants contaminated by heavy metals can cause  devastating health problems. Therefore, the safety, quality and efficacy of herbal medicines has become increasingly important, thus this study was aimed at determining the levels of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and Ni) concentration in some medicinal plants frequently used and marketed in three selling-outlets in Sokoto Metropolis using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results revealed maximum concentrations (mg/Kg) of the heavy metals in the analyzed samples as: 0.156±0.001, 0.103±0.005, 44.900±0.002, 0.275±0.003, 18.496±0.001, 1.715±0.001, 3.649±0.001 and 0.429±0.001 for Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and Ni respectively. The levels of the heavy metals evaluated in the  samples were found to be within the WHO limits, except for chromium (Cr) which the concentration was found to be above the WHO limits in Casia singueana and Anogeissus leiocarpus (Kara Market) and in Guiera senegalensis (Old Market). Also the concentration of manganese (Mn) in ten other samples from all the locations, representing 33.33 % of the total samples ware found to be above the WHO limits. On prolong intake the plant extract intake could be risk to health. It is therefore, suggested that pharmacovigilance is required to ensure improved quality, safety and efficacy of these medicinal plants.


EOG is widely used to record eye movement.However,an efficient means of extracting two-dimensional(2D)eye position data from EOG saccade signal is lacking.A new method to extract the 2D eye position data using support vector machine was proposed and the corresponding model was built.The results show that the extracting method based on support vector machine is accurate and efficient and constructing the EOG-SVR system is practical.


In a recent essay in the Florida Law Review Online, I argued that historic preservation law poses no significant barrier to removal of Confederate monuments and even provides a useful process within which a community can study and debate the fate of specific statues. The cultural and legal issues surrounding the removal of Confederate monuments are presented in a surprising and paradoxical form in the controversy surrounding the 1876 Freedmen's Memorial to Abraham Lincoln. Addressing these issues provides an interesting postscript to the seemingly easier questions raised by the removal of monuments to the Lost Cause. I argue that Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act provides a useful process for understanding and discussion, and should not be short-circuited by federal legislation.


As dense and ultra-dense seismic arrays become more available, not only detailed small-scale structures (e.g. crustal fault zones) but also deeper crustal structures can be obtained with high resolution. Here we show the results derived from recordings at ultra-dense arrays, which were deployed across the Chenghai fault in Yunnan, southwest China, with average station spacing of 40 meters. The arrays consisted of three-component short-period sensors (5 s) and were in the field for one month, during which 20 teleseismic and 62 local earthquakes have been recorded. Based on the analysis of across-profile delay times of P arrivals from teleseismic and local earthquakes, we clearly identified a low velocity zone (LVZ) that has a width of ~2.5 km. Travel time forward modelling suggests that the depth extent of the LVZ is less than 1 km. Ambient tomography results show that the velocity of the LVZ is only 0.4 km/s at shallow depth, 70 percent and 40 percent lower than those at the northwestern and southeastern sides of the fault zone. In addition, we derived the horizontal-vertical amplitude ratio of ambient noise and found that the stations within the fault zone show remarkably coherent signatures, corresponding to two impedance interfaces (at 50 m and 350 m in depth, respectively). Furthermore, receiver function images show unprecedented coherency in observing lower crustal layers on the ultra-dense array, demonstrating the potential of deriving a high-resolution structure of the lower crust using the small-aperture yet ultra-dense seismic network.


Object The authors report the case of a boy with PFIC type 2 or BRIC type 2 who suffered from liver dysfunction at 2 months after birth. Methods and results A liver biopsy specimen revealed mild liver cirrhosis, and the findings resembled those observed in Byler disease. Genetic examination revealed a normal familial intrahepatic cholestasis-1 gene, but a heterozygous mutation for the ABCB11, C1620A (F540L), was observed. Therefore, the patient was initially diagnosed with PFIC type 2. For 3 years after the diagnosis, he had severe pruritus, an increased serum bile acid, and normal serum values of γ-glutamyl transaminase. At the age of 2, treatment with administration of ursodeoxycholic acid was started; subsequently, a gradual improvement in his liver function was observed. At the age of 3, he suffered from massive intestinal and pulmonary hemorrhage, which improved immediately after the administration of vitamin K. He was then admitted to our hospital for liver transplantation. At 1 month after the admission, his liver dysfunction showed further improvement, except for a mild increase in the serum bile acid level. This condition did not show any change during the 5-year follow-up period. In addition, the patient showed severe growth failure and was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency. Hence, he receives growth hormone administration. Conclusion The patient could be genetically diagnosed with bile salt export pump disease of PFIC type 2 or BRIC type 2. Various clinical features are observed in PFIC or BRIC patients with ABCB11 mutation.


According to the questions encountered in the application of PKPM software in engineering design,based upon application experiences of architectural CAD in design of building structure matters deserving attention in structural design utilizing PKPM software are pointed out in order to ensure accuracy of calculation.


This paper provides foundations for studying p‐adic deformations of arithmetic eigenpackets, that is, of systems of Hecke eigenvalues occurring in the cohomology of arithmetic groups with coefficients in finite‐dimensional rational representations. The concept of 'arithmetic rigidity' of an arithmetic eigenpacket is introduced and investigated. An arithmetic eigenpacket is said to be 'arithmetically rigid' if (modulo twisting) it does not admit a p‐adic deformation containing a Zariski dense set of arithmetic specializations.


Objective: This work involves the preparation and in vitro characterization of a topical gel formulation that is capable of deep skin permeation, providing the anti-inflammatory effect for the optimum nano ethosomal dispersion formula.
Methods: The optimum ethosomal dispersion was prepared (in our laboratory) by utilizing 3% flufenamic acid (FA), 30% ethanol, 1% phosphatidylcholine (PC), 10% propylene glycol, and 1% cholesterol by cold method and 20 minutes' ultra-sonication. Four ethosomal gel formulas (G1-G4) were prepared by using carbopol 934 and carbopol 940 at 1% and 1.5% concentration at a 1:1 ratio as a gelling agent. These formulas were further subjected to in vitro characterization to assess their physical appearance, consistency, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug release, and ex-vivo skin permeation and deposition.
Results: The results revealed that the formula (G1) demonstrated the best homogeneity, consistency, and spreadability as well as an initial release of 68.53% after 10 hours, that continued up to 89.36% after 24 hours, and a significantly higher drug release percentage at pH 7.4 than pH 5.5 with substantially higher ex vivo abdominal rat skin permeation (60.74%) and deposition percentages (36.87%%) in comparison to flufenamic acid plain gel prepared conventionally which demonstrated 23.73% and 14.96% skin permeation and deposition percentages after 24 hours.
Conclusion: This work was successful in preparing a novel topical gel using ethosomal nanocarriers, promoting efficient topical skin delivery of the anti-inflammatory FA with a once-daily application, which improved patient compliance.


The Micelson type all-fiber laser array composed by two fiber lasers was designed.By experiment,the character of coupling interference of output beam was analyzed.The relation between the ratio of the two pumping power and the coupling efficiency,the pumping efficiency,the output power,and the stability of this system was analyzed.Experimental analysis results showed that the output power of fiber laser array was equal to the interference power of the two beams from the two embranchment lasers,and the coupling efficiency was correspondingly steady;and the pumping efficiency and the output power reduced as the ratio of pumping power increased without reaching plus saturation.


This study explores the issue of non-native speakers writing a text in their first language (L1) and then translating the text to the second language (L2) to enhance the final text in L2. Writing samples taken from 25 Iranian engineering students in an intermediate level compulsory general English as a foreign language class served as data. The students were provided with a form which instructed them to write their first essay in Farsi (L1) and then translate it into the foreign language, English. The compositions were suggested to be two paragraphs long to provide enough text to analyze. The second composition done by the same group of students a week later on a second topic was written directly in the target language (English). Each student's work was evaluated in detail using a rating scale divided into two main sections, writing skills and effective writing. This study showed that intermediate level EFL students writing in L1 and then using a translation strategy did not produce better writing samples in L2 than when they wrote directly in L2.


This is a compact introduction to a variety of conceptions of God. Part I examines eight theologies: God as an old man in the sky; as an incorporeal person; as a necessary being; as truth, goodness, and beauty; apophatic theology (beyond all words); pantheism; deism; and open theology in which God acts and changes. The discussion shows differences over whether God is a person, whether he (?) is gendered, whether he is simple, whether he changes over time, and whether he can be spoken of at all. Part II reviews five different ways of understanding language about God: instrumentalism, reductionism, postmodernism, relativism, and a Wittgensteinian view. Part III moves closer to religious experience and practice, looking at the views of Otto, Buber, Kant, Tillich, and Quakers. There are also comments and endnotes on such diverse figures as William Blake, Samuel Palmer, Feuerbach, Don Cupitt, Goethe, Kierkegaard, Iris Murdoch, Simone Weil, Abbe Louf, John Gray, and Keith Ward. There is no overall commitment to theism, atheism, or agnosticism. Instead there is a sympathetic account of various views of the divine, combined with critical questioning about their meaning and practical application. In Chapter 18 Quakerism is recommended as one good way.