This study found patterns of differences in quantitative performance across groups of intended undergraduate majors consistent with those previously found for students who had completed their undergraduate study. Women intending to major in engineering and physical science exhibited .the same atypical performance. However, the large difference in mean SAT-M performance found between women in mathematics, statistics, physics, and computer science versus those in engineering and the physical sciences disappeared when other measures were controlled for, and effects of these measures were the same for both groups. Self-rating relative to others with respect to mathematics and science ability was the primary influential variable in the study. SAT-M PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN INTENDING QUANTITATIVE FIELDS OF STUDY The underrepresentation of women in mathematics-related yields of study and occupations has received considerable attention in the research literature. The focus of these studies typically has gone in two directions. Some work is especially concerned with the identification of factors influencing women to choose between quantitative and non-quantitative fields of study (e.g., Berryman, 1985; Peng and Jaffe, 1979; Ware, Steckler, and Leserman, 1985). Other research focuses most closely on comparisons of won en and men in quantitative fields of study (e.g., Dunteman, Wisenbaker, and Taylor, 1979; Lunneborg and Lunneborg, 1985; Steinkamp and Maehr, 1984). Together these lines of research have generated a substantial body of evidence that women who major in quantitative fields are different from other women and cIfferent as well from men who major in quantitative fields. Many of the factors differentiating these women from others have also been found to influence mathematics performance. Peng and Jaffe (1979) have shown that while many of the factors influencing the choice of a quantitative field of study are the same for men and women, family background, number of mathematics courses taken in high school, and success orientations were important for men but not for women. Lunneborg and Lunneborg (1985) also reported technical interests to be important for men and verbal abilities for women. Using meta-analytic techniques, Steinkamp and Maehr (1984) found women's achievement and attitudes toward science to be lower than men's, and differences in motivational orientations between men and women within


Application of GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) short message in GPS(Global Positioning System) is studied. Performance of receiver of Motorala UP OEM and TC35 terminal of Simens are introduced. Mscomm Control of Microsoft is used to perform serial communication and PDU(Protrocol pescription unit) model short message is sent based on AT instruction. Experiment result shows that the system has achived the design requirement and realized the basic desired function.


recombinant thromboplastins (that is, Recombiplastin) included in the study of Bellest et al.3 amounted to 2.5%.3 It seems, therefore, that the aforementioned thromboplastins display similar ISIvka and ISIliver. Although promising, these observations need to be confirmed in other studies and with different coagulometers. A more pragmatic approach could be to identify a few laboratories within the United States, for example, that could assist the United Network for Organ Sharing as reference laboratories for INR measurement in patients with chronic liver disease listed for liver transplantation. Those laboratories could be conveniently identified among those which use the same thromboplastin/coagulometer combinations, for which the ISIliver could be easily determined according to the protocol described in the two articles.2,3 The laboratories could also act as references for the measurement of the other two parameters needed for the MELD calculation (that is, bilirubin and creatinine), which are (probably) not devoid of standardization problems. This pragmatic approach would have the advantage of minimizing the interlaboratory variability of the MELD, thus making the score a true "objective" parameter for allocating organs.4 The inherent disadvantage would be the need for centralization of plasma samples.


Inelastic neutron-scattering experiments have been performed for single crystals of Zn under pressures up to 8.8 GPa at 300 K. The phonon modes {ital q}/{ital q}{sub max}={xi}=0.075 and {xi}=0.10 were measured in the transverse acoustic branch {Sigma}{sub 3}, where {ital q}=0 corresponds with the elastic constant {ital C}{sub 44}. The phonon energy showed a substantial hardening with increasing pressure. The experimental data below 6.8 GPa for {xi}=0.075 yield a constant Gr{umlt u}neisen mode {gamma}{sub {ital i}}={minus}ln{omega}{sub {ital i}}/ln{ital V} of 2.25 in good agreement with a previous calculation [H. Ledbetter, Phys. Status Solidi B {bold 181}, 81 (1994)]. Above 6.8 GPa, there is a very rapid increase of {gamma}{sub {ital i}} which is indicative of the presence of a giant Kohn anomaly. This rapid divergence at high pressure indicates that a phonon softening may occur at pressures higher than 8.8 GPa caused by the collapse of the giant Kohn anomaly via an electronic topological transition (ETT). In an earlier M{umlt o}ssbauer Zn study at 4 K [W. Potzel {ital et} {ital al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. {bold 74}, 1139 (1994)], a drastic drop of the Lamb-M{umlt o}ssbauer factor was observed at 6.6 GPa, which was interpreted as being due to phononmore » softening, indicating this ETT had occurred. This paper also compares the compressibility data for single crystal Zn and Zn powder using neutron scattering. The results were found to be similar to an earlier x-ray Zn powder experiment [O. Schulte {ital et} {ital al}., High Pressure Res. {bold 6}, 169 (1991)]. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less


This invention relates to a device for converting an analog input signal Vin into a digital output signal OUT, the gain of which is equal to the ratio between the values of output and input signals, comprising:. a scale of LAD resistors for generating reference voltages, and. a plurality of amplifiers A, for comparing the input signal Vin with the voltage reference.Selon the invention, the conversion device is provided with adjusting means for making the gain of the amplifiers and the gain of the conversion device proportional them the invention allows to ensure that the differential nonlinearity of the conversion device remains constant, so that the behavior does not change when its gain varies. Application: analog / digital conversion of all types of electronic signals .


Manual inoculation experiment for test of smut resistance in14 sugarcane varieties were conducted following the method from Australia.The result indicated that there was no significant difference in average rate of smut plant in control varieties both in Australian and Yunnan,the regression equation for average rate of smut plant and standard classification in control variety was logarithmic function.Classified value followed by regression analysis and its result in classification of resistant type was well uniform to the statistical classification.Therefore,Australian method for identification of smut resistance in sugarcane could be used in Yunnan for identification of smut resistance in sugarcane.


Here is a clear, extensive exposition of the fundamentals of the mathematical theory of linear graphs. Because of its nature and broad applicability, graph theory is useful to anyone engaged in, or preparing for, work in the general area of mathematics, science, engineering, or the behavioral sciences. This book is intended as an undergraduate or first-year graduate text, or for selfstudy. In simplest terms, a linear graph, as a tool for studying interrelationships between objects, may be regarded as a collection of points, some of which are joined in pairs by interconnecting lines. Graph theory deals with the local and global structural characteristics of such configurations, as well as additional classes of problems which may be posed when numerical characteristics (such as distances, costs, flows, probabilities, etc.) are associated with the points and/or lines, forming a model of some type of system which may be physical, social, or purely mathematical. This book introduces the basic theory itself, and a wide range of applications for which this theory is a useful tool ... applications particularly evident in Chapter six. Once the reader is aware of the wide variety of uses of graph theory, he can study in depth those aspects and applications of special significance to him. The book is divided into two major parts. Part I, Chapters 1-5, develops the basic theory; Part II, Chapters 6-7, applies the basic theory to a broad spectrum of physical problems plus to other related topics in mathematics itself. As each new concept is introduced, it is clarified with examples. In addition, numerous exercises, accompanied by answers and hints, are provided. A knowledge of basic concepts in set theory and a brief familiarity with vectors and matrices is all that is necessary for an understanding of this material. xmlui.dri2xhtml.METS1.0.item-descriptionmiscellaneous 308 p., fig. URI http://hdl.handle.net/2042/30911 Date 1965 Identifiant P353 This item appears in the following Collection(s)


Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first confirmed in the United Kingdom in November 1986. BSE is a progressive and fatal nervous disease found mainly in adult dairy cattle, and can result in changes in behaviour, mental status, posture, and gait. The first case of BSE in Japan was confirmed in September 2001. The Japanese government implemented several important interventions, though the disease nevertheless had serious economic and social consequences. We closely examine these consequences in this paper, as well as the interventions taken by the Japanese government. We use Japan's experience to extract lessons on how best to communicate, implement, and standardise disease control interventions.


This paper presents a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique to obtain compressive stress strain data for NBR rubber materials. An experimental technique with a modified the conventional SHPB has been developed for measuring the compressive stress strain responses of materials with low mechanical impedance and low compressive strengths, such as the rubber and the polymeric material. This paper uses an aluminum pressure bar to achieve a closer impedance match between the pressure bar and the specimen materials. In addition, a pulse shaper is utilized to lengthen the rising time of the incident pulse to ensure dynamic stress equilibrium and homogeneous deformation of NBR rubber materials. It is found that the modified technique can determine the dynamic deformation behavior of rubbers more accurately.


Crust deformation monitoring is an important way to study on mechanism of strong earthquake preparation and strong earthquake prediction. And the vertical crust deformation has more sensitive relation to the stress variation inside the crust. Thus to monitor the vertical crust deformation and to study their distribution in space and variation in time is an important part of researches on crust deformation. The traditional method to monitor vertical crust deformation is precise leveling. But because of the huge workload, to do the precise leveling for all the networks in China continent needs a few years or even longer, and it is difficult to extract the vertical crust deformation during the leveling period, and of cause it is impossible to analyze and use it reasonably. By contrast, the period of re-measurement of relatively dense regional (mobile) GNSS covering mainland China is shorten greatly, and it make us possible to extract vertical crust deformation in large area within a shorter time. In this paper, the vertical component data from some auto-recorded GNSS stations and the multi-period of data from the nationwide GNSS regional stations in China Continent are preliminarily processed and analyzed, and, it is studied and discussed how to extract and use the information of vertical GNSS component under high noise background; Combined with the mechanisms of crust movement and that of earthquake generation, the possibility of strong earthquake prediction and crust movement study are further discussed with the use of GNSS vertical components. Although there are many kinds of disturbances including from the ionosphere, atmospheric moisture, satellite orbit perturbation in vertical direction and earth tidal etc. in the GNSS data, the differences of vertical components between two periods of Preliminary processing data of GNSS have shown that the distribution of relative ascending points and descending points are closely related with geotectonic structures and great earthquake generation areas, and this means that there may be a certain relationship between them on the internal mechanism. With fine data processing such an abnormal ascending and descending can be weakened or eliminated by corrections based on some disturbing factors. But the factors' abnormal variations are also in all probability related with great earthquake generation. The cognitions above have referential value for crust deformation research and great earthquake prediction study.


The carbamate pyridostigmine bromide has been used as a pretreatment to protect individuals from the nerve agent soman. Previous research showed that pyridostigmine significantly protected human muscle acetylcholinesterase in vitro from soman and bovine red blood cell acetylcholinesterase from some organophosphorous pesticides. Research presented here demonstrates that pretreatment with other carbamates also protects acetylcholinesterase from inhibition by the pesticides chlorpyrifos‐oxon and diazinon‐oxon, but not from malaoxon. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:506‐509, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21456


The invention provides a combined navigation and positioning method of a small underwater robot, which comprises the following steps: fusing measurement data of various navigation facilities by means of a strong tracking unscented Kalman filter; using position vectors and heading angles under a navigation system as well as speed vectors and acceleration vectors under a vector system as state vectors of the filter; using the strong tracking unscented Kalman filter to implement autonomous navigation and data filtering of the underwater robot; based on horizontal position information output by a GPS (global positioning system) receiver, using the strong tracking unscented Kalman filter to implement autonomous correction and data filtering of the underwater robot; and implementing the switching between two different measurement equations (i.e. overwater and underwater measurement equations) based on the significance bit of the output signal of the GPS receiver. The invention can fuse the position, depth and attitude information of the small underwater robot measured by various navigation facilities, and can implement the autonomous navigation and autonomous correction of the small underwater robot under the interference of sea current or sea wave.


Purpose of reviewTo discuss currently available urate-lowering therapeutic options for gout in the United States and newer therapeutic initiatives in development. Recent findingsCurrently available urate-lowering drugs include allopurinol and probenecid. These drugs are effective but are often underdosed or underutilized, and caution must be taken in patients with multiple comorbidities. Newer therapeutic agents in development include febuxostat, a nonpurine analogue xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and pegloticase, a pegylated recombinant uricase. SummaryThere have been no new US Food and Drug Administration-approved urate-lowering drugs for gout in the past 40 years. Recent advances in therapeutics promise to provide the opportunity for much needed improvement in patient outcomes in this disorder.


1.1 Objective Comparative analysis of hearing in patients undergoing medical management in patients having chronic otitis media during active and inactive period 1.2 Materials And Methods 25 patients aged 15-50 years with chronic otits media with conductive hearing loss who undergoes medical management. 1.3 Results Audiological improvement of around 10-15dB is seen in the study group .


The relevance of the research problem is topical due to the necessity of forming national-oriented educational systems based on the material and spiritual culture of people, in other words on ethnic pedagogy. According to linguists, in the context of cultural globalization of one single language becomes extinct every week in the world. In most cases together, with the disappearance of language, people speaking it go down the history as well. Currently, one of the most important goals for education is the preservation and development of the values of ethnic culture in younger generations. The reviving and developing of national educational systems need teachers with ethno-pedagogical preparation. The aim of the research is to develop the content, forms and methods of using traditions of physical human development in Kazakh folk pedagogy in the patriotic education of pre-service teachers. The following methods were used: theoretical; that implies analysis and synthesis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem, pedagogical modeling; empirical methods of measurement and comparison. Methods of processing of results of research were: qualitative and quantitative analysis using methods of mathematical statistics. The article presents the results of the research on the essence and content of patriotism and methodological basis of education among the youth. It discloses patriotic traditions of Kazakh folk pedagogy and their potential in the patriotic education of students. It identifies and justifies methods and forms of traditions usage in the physical human development in Kazakh folk pedagogy. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


The surprising relative stability of PNO compared to NPO cannot be explained by a single configuration molecular orbital (MO) model. However the MO model can be used to understand the pattern of stability among the protonated isomers HPNO+, PNOH+, HNPO+, and NPOH+, and perhaps to explain important aspects of the general chemistry of multiple bonds between first and second row atoms.


A solvable model is developed for the linearized sausage mode within the context of resistive magnetohydrodynamics. The model is based on the assumption that the fluid motion of the plasma is self‐similar, as well as several assumptions pertinent to the limit of wavelength long compared to the pinch radius. The perturbations to the magnetic field are not assumed to be self‐similar, but rather are calculated. Effects arising from time dependences of the z‐independent perturbed state, e.g., current rising as tα, Ohmic heating, and time variation of the pinch radius, are included in the analysis. The formalism appears to provide a good representation of ''global'' modes that involve coherent sausage distortion of the entire cross section of the pinch, but excludes modes that are localized radially, and higher radial eigenmodes. For this and other reasons, it is expected that the model underestimates the maximum instability growth rates, but is reasonable for global sausage modes. The net effect of resistivit...


According to cognitive paradigm, the fundaments of all concepts are empirical (the way we are thinking is a result of how our bodies are and how they experience a physical world). Thus, philosophical concepts do not differ from those used by non-philosophers (particularly young people); they just refer more often to phenomena not directly experienced. A theory of conceptual metaphors explains the way of understanding of these concepts: we understand the concepts distant from our direct experience alike those that are understood directly. Considering the philosophical concepts as target domains of conceptual metaphors allows to present them in the same manner as our mind pictures inconceivable issues. Applying this approach in philosophical education, we use natural cognitive processes of students and we describe philosophical concepts in "native dialect of mind."


This paper presents a recently established stochastic optimization approach that has been stimulated from the behavior of weed colonization for biped robot applications. The aim of using the algorithm is to tune the gains (i.e. Kp, Kd and Ki) of the PID controller used by a biped robot while walking over a flat terrain. The dynamics of the biped robotic mechanism is derived after using Lagrange-Euler formulation. These dynamic equations are further used to design the PID controller for each joint of the biped robot. Initially, the performance of the Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO)-tuned PID controller is compared in terms of error and the torque required at various joints. Further, the IWO tuned PID controller is tested on a real 18-DOF biped robot and found that it has successfully negotiated a flat terrain with the help of a dynamically balanced gait generated by the controller.


It may happen that for a certain abductive problem there are several possible explanations, not all of them mutually compatible. What explanation is selected and which criteria are used to select it? This is the well-known problem of the selection of abductive hypotheses. Are there criteria that can help us to select the simplest explanation in a broad spectrum of abductive problems? To give an (affirmative) answer to this question we will move to a field in theoretical computer science: Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT). The algorithmic complexity measure K(s) can be used to determine which is the best theory within those explaining a set of observations. We introduce an application of K(s) to the selection of the best abductive explanation, in the context of dynamic epistemic logic (DEL).


The kinetics of the reaction between ferrimyoglobin and H202 has been analyzed. It has been shown that the observed red complex is an intermediate which becomes stabilized in the system due to the fact that it is both formed and decomposed by H202. A FeO3+ type structure for the complex has been proposed with strong π-bonding between the metal and the oxygen atom.


In conclusion, the Coker Springs watershed is a high-priority area of concern that is in need of remediation work. The area contributes to the ongoing erosion problems, water quality issues and the threats to the surrounding communities via Calico Creek. Therefore, analysis was conducted on the Coker Springs watershed to stabilize Calico Creek in order to lessen its stormwater impacts on the Sand River downstream.


porary support lacking hepatic functions until a liver becomes available for emergency orthotopic liver transplantation. Data on patients with acute liver failure due to exacerbation of chronic liver disease who have been treated with the bioartificial liver are very limited and less encouraging, as neurological and biochemical improvements are less marked and survival is limited to the status of the underlying chronic liver disease that very often contraindicate the transplant. This case report of acute liver failure due to exacerbation of chronic liver disease, which was treated with a porcine-based bioartificial liver, showed a significant improvement in both neurological and biochemical parameters. The use of large porosity membranes and of an elevated number of hepatocytes (1.5 3 10) might have con tributed to these results. Based on this single experience we suggest that bioartificial liver devices might be more extensively tested to temporarily support patients affected by acute exacerbation of chronic liver disease. Definition of the optimal timing for initiation and discontinuation of the treatment is a key factor to achieve the best results in these patients. Achievement of longer survival as long as liver transplantation is contraindicated is, however, very far to come.


the to compare manual vs autocalibration of model parameters the starting should be independent (perhaps random in feasible ranges?). the use the results of manual optimization to start the auto-calibration? to compare manual to autocalibration, to show one possible work-flow when calibrating the model and iterating on model structures use autocalibra-C1


In this correspondence we show that the well-known concepts of redundancy and undetectability of a stuck-at fault, which are equivalent in combinational circuits, are not equivalent in sequential circuits. We also show that some faults in sequential circuits, which are undetectable (by "conventional" methods of testing), are detectable by transition count testing methods.


Increasingly tight competition among producers in line with the development of
the business world. Surely every company wants to continue to survive life in a
way they have to take steps that are considered strategic to the company's
products can be accepted in the market. One of the most effective step is to
manage the campaign. And promotional tool is considered the most effective
advertising. PT. Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia is one company that uses television as a
medium for delivering advertising messages to consumers, in addition to using
television media in advertising, Coca-Cola Botlling Indonesia also held a sales
promotion by holding a discounted price.
Based on the background of the above problems, the authors are interested to
conduct a study that aims to find out how big the influence of television
advertising and sales promotion of the image of Coca-Cola in the Department of
Management Faculty of Economics Marantha Christian University Bandung.
Results for the 120 respondents indicated that television advertising and sales
promotion Coca-Cola has positive influence on image at Maranatha Christian
University Bandung, and television advertisements and promotional factors
influencing the image of consumer sales amounted to 0.500 (50.0%), and the
remaining 50.0% influenced by other factors.


Objectives. Emergency medical services (EMS) literature has studied paramedic performance with endotracheal intubation; however, there are few data describing environmental differences between out-of-hospital andin-hospital providers during intubation attempts. The purpose of this study was to describe the environmental factors encountered by paramedics. Methods. Setting: Midwest, urban, public utility model, all–advanced life support (ALS) ambulance service with 85,000 calls and55,000 transports per year. Design: Prospective, observational study using a standardized data-collection tool completed on all adult cardiac arrest patients for whom intubation was attempted during the period from September 1, 2000, through September 1, 2004. Descriptive data including count andfrequency statistics of environmental factors were calculated. Results. There were 1,894 attempts on 1,396 patients during the study period; 236 (12.5%) attempts on 161 patients (11.5%) were removed from the analysis because of incomplete data, leaving 1,658 attempts on 1,235 patients. The intubation success rate was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83, 97). Paramedics most frequently attempt intubation indoors (1,239, 75%), prefer to kneel at the patient's head (899, 54%), encounter significant scene distractions (340, 20%), have optimal lighting (1,271, 77%), but frequently have suboptimal space (655, 40%). Patients are most often supine (1,653, 99%). Conclusions. The out-of-hospital intubation environment is significantly different from that of in-hospital providers. Paramedics frequently have a poor physical operating environment andencounter significant distractions while trying to perform endotracheal intubation. Future studies should analyze the association of these factors with intubation success.


In this paper we propose a system with the piezoelectric actuator by the single neuron adaptive PID controller for the grating tiling. Then the design of the control system as well as the control method by considering the nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators is discussed. At last, close loop position examinations by the capacitive displacement sensor with nanometer scale precision are performed. The experimental results indicate that the system is working effectively. The system is provided with the characters of self-learning, easy calculating and adaptability as well as of a simple structure.


Elastic and inelastic scattering of 'Li from "C have been measured at incident energies of 63 and 78.7 MeV. The experimental data were obtained over an angular range from 8",=8' to 40'. Optical model parameters have been extracted by fitting the elastic scattering data, and deformation lengths have been obtained for the 'Li* (0.48 MeV) state and the "C~ (4.44 MeV) state. No single parameter set was found that fitted the elastic scattering over a wide range of energies via simple changes in the depths of the potentials,


The present invention relates to a device for emergency operation of at least one closure element (12) of a cooling air supply means as well as a correspondingly designed cooling air supply means (10) for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, wherein a closure element (12) in mechanical operative connection with an actuator (32). The closure element (12) is movable between a closed position in which it closes a ventilation opening (11) substantially, and an open position, in which it releases the ventilation opening (11) for flow of cooling air, arranged to be movable. According to the invention it is provided that the actuator (32) when a predetermined temperature, the closure element (12) is automatically transferred into the open position.


This paper presents the microstructure, mechanical properties and carburized behavior of new type bainitic carburized steel. The results show that after new carburized steel is normalized at 920°C and tempered at 300°C, its microstructure consists of bainitic ferrite and residual austenite, and belongs to the carbide-free bainite or atypical bainite. Large or small cross-section size new carburized steel bar all have reached the performance requirements of Cr-Ni carbonized steel. The microstructure of new carburized steel surface consists of high carbon martensite and residual austenite after carburized and air-cooled, It retains austenite fraction of the new carburized steel and 18Cr2Ni4WA steel are about 18% and 38%, respectively. Carbon concentration gradient of new carburized steel changes smoothly and have ideal carbon concentration distribution. Effective carburizing surface depth of new carburized steel is about 0.6mm and is smaller than 18Cr2Ni4WA steel. The gear entities made of new carburized steel meet the technical requirements of heavy duty carburized gear.


A saturated high-field domain in a Gunn oscillator with high nL product is equivalent to a wall moving with constant velocity, through which constant density of current flows. Consequently, the waveform of a nonuniformly shaped oscillator is the replica of its shape. The characteristic can be applied for high-speed current function generation.


aChemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704, USA bMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA cDip. Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica, G. Natta Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy dElectrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA eMaterials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA


The present invention discloses with respect to a chip scale marker and marking method. But a chip scale marker is disclosed, having a vacuum plate for the wafer adsorption in the center of the wafer holder and means for a predetermined rotation angle of the wafer placed on the wafer holder, the wafer of at least 1/4 of the area facing the laser system, It is to be exposed, and further characterized in that the war sebum removal means for removing the sebum Words from the wafer on these non-open region of the wafer holder equipped. Accordingly, stretch out the wafer in the wafer before the war sebum marking by placing a constant distance from the laser marking system, all of the chips of the wafer, so the marking it is possible to improve the marking quality.


Abstract gem-Alkylhydroxyalkyltetrachlorocyclotriphosphazenes (NPCl2)2NPR1C(OH)R2R3 have been synthesized in high yields starting from (NPCl2)3. The application of these compounds as polymer precursors is discussed.


We investigate Landau-Zener (LZ) transitions in the three-level bow-tie model (3L-BTM) in a dissipative environment by using the numerically accurate method of multiple Davydov D2 Ansatze. We first consider the 3L-TBM coupled to a single harmonic mode, study evolutions of the transition probabilities for selected values of the model parameters, and interpret the obtained results with the aid of the energy diagram method. We then explore the 3L-TBM coupled to a boson bath. Our simulations demonstrate that sub-Ohmic, Ohmic and super-Ohmic boson baths have substantially different influences on the 3L-BTM dynamics, which cannot be grasped by the standard phenomenological Markovian single-rate descriptions. We also describe novel bath-induced phenomena which are absent in two-level LZ systems.


The Gulf of California is characterized by great biodiversity, high biological productivity and important fisheries. Studies on community structure of the reef fish fauna in the region have been conducted mainly in central and southern areas and, except for a few studies that have focused on cryptic species, there are no comparisons of the fish assemblages along this 1,600 km sea. In this study, we examine how diversity and community structure of rocky reef fishes vary with the latitude in the north, central and southern part of the west side of the Gulf of California. We conducted stationary visual censuses in observation cylinders (5 m radius) in 6 locations between Bahia de los Angeles (29° N) and Los Cabos (22° N) and estimated the following ecological descriptors and indexes: species richness, abundance, Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness, average taxonomic distinctness, and average trophic level. In addition, we used ordination analysis to determine the degree of similarity among study areas. Our results identified 3 distinct zones: north (29° N), central (27° N to 24° N) and south (24° N to 22° N).


Objective To investigate the effect of silencing cyclin D1 gene by specific small interfering RNA(siRNA)on suppression of cyclin D1 expression and on the migration and invasion potential of breast cancer cells.Methods Two siRNA sequences targeting cyclin D1 gene including siRNA51 and siRNA52 were designed and synthesized.The two sequences of siRNA were transfected into breast cancer cells by lipofectamineTM 2000 mediation.The alteration of cyclin D1 protein expression was detected by Western blotting.The monostratal wound healing test was used to determine the migration capacity of breast cancer cells.The changes in cell invasion were observed by the transwell invasion assay.Results Transfection of siRNA51 and siRNA52 significantly knocked down the cyclin D1 protein expression.The migration and invasion capacity of breast cancer cells significantly declined after transfection with siRNA51 and siRNA52.Conclusions The siRNA targeting cyclinD1 gene can be successfully screened by RNA interference technique.Selective silencing of cyclin D1 gene can restrain the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.


OBJECTIVE: Cellular DNA characteristics derived from pretreatment biopsy (PTB) may become important for predicting treatment outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Whether the PTB adequately represents the whole specimen is of critical importance. STUDY DESIGN: In a series of >700 HNSCCs, we identified 59 cases in which the PTB and the surgical resection (SR) met the following criteria: PTB and SR were from the same site, and SR was obtained within 5 weeks of PTB with no intervening treatments. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of the PTB specimens were DNA diploid. Only 1 of the 11 subsequent DNA diploid SR was associated with a DNA aneuploid PTB (91% concordance). Of the 48 DNA aneuploid tumors, 3 were associated with DNA diploid PTB (94% concordance). Three other DNA aneuploid SRs were associated with PTB of poor quality. CONCLUSION: With respect to DNA ploidy, PTB are representative of SR specimens.


The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to determine the effects of nutrient availability on the biomolecule composition and synthesis in North Sea phytoplankton. Nutrient availability in coastal seas has changed substantially over the past decades due to anthropogenic activities. Riverine nutrient loads and consequently nutrient ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) shifted. Phytoplankton at the base of the food web is first and foremost affected by these changes and responds by adapting its biomolecule composition because the main biomolecules like carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids and RNA/DNA bases have different C:N:P requirements for the synthesis. Using a combination of ¹³C stable isotope tracers and methods in gas and liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry were used to determine concentrations and biosynthesis rates of individual biomolecules and assemble a biomolecule based carbon budget. This allowed quantifying the effects of nutrient limitation on the biomolecule composition of primary producers and evaluating changes in their nutritional value. Furthermore, a first study was conducted to determine the adaptation mechanisms used by herbivorous zooplankton to cope with mismatching requirements in their food. Overall, phytoplankton communities were flexible in adapting their biomolecule composition and biosynthesis to prevailing nutrient availabilities. Species and nutrient specific mechanisms were contributing factors and quick adaptations occurred when nutrient situations change. The consequent a lack of essential compounds translated up the food chain forcing zooplankton to employ various physiological response mechanisms.


An evaluation was done of the use of clitoria Clitoria ternatea L. hay as forage in the diets of lactating Brown swiss cows. Experimental design was a 5 x 5 latin square. Treatments were: 25% alfalfa hay (T1); 27% clitoria (T2); 58% clitoria (T3); 87% clitoria (T4); and 100% clitoria (T5) (forage dry matter (DM), mixed with Para grass hay). The commercial concentrate contained 180 g crude protein and 1.91 Mcal net energy of lactation /kg of DM, offering 7.5, 7.5, 6, 4.5 and 3 kg DM/head/day for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Variables were dry matter intake (DMI), milk production (MP), body weight changes (BWC), body condition score (BCS) and dry matter digestibility (DMD). Data were analyzed with an ANOVA, and a Student-Newman-Keuls test was used for comparison of means. DMI was higher (P 0.05), though MP corrected to 3.5% fat was higher in T5 (P 0.05) for BWC and BCS. DMD was similar between treatments, except for T5 vs T3 (P<0.01). Maximum clitoria inclusion (100%; T5) in the diet of lactating cows allowed up to 60 % reduction in use of commercial concentrate.


Sir,

A 13-year-old male attended the dermatological outpatient clinic at the Jaen Hospital Complex in Jaen, Spain. He presented with erythematous violaceous nodules that followed a linear pattern on his left upper limb [Figure 1A] and upper back, which had appeared three weeks before. His personal and familiar history was unremarkable. He was not experiencing any itching or pain. The patient denied having had a previous traumatic injury or a herpes zoster infection. On cutaneous examination, no similar lesions were observed in any other locations.

Figure 1 A & B: A:

Erythematoviolaceus nodules on the right arm and forearm, following a zosteriform pattern. B: Haematoxylin and eosin stain showing epithelioid cells in a solid pattern at ×40 magnification.

Routine laboratory tests, including a blood count, a general biochemistry test, a urinalysis and an immunological profile, showed no abnormalities. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was performed and no arteriovenous (AV) shunts were observed. Histopathologically, a proliferation of large endothelial cells lining vascular spaces was observed, along with lymphocytic and eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrations in the dermis [Figure 1B]. Immunochemical staining for cluster of differentiation cells 31 (CD31) and CD34 were both positive. Consequently, epithelioid haemangioma (EH) was diagnosed. Written informed consent for educational purposes was requested and obtained for publication.

EH is a benign, idiopathic vasculoproliferative condition. It was first described by Wells and Whimster in 1969 as angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE).1 However, the term EH is more suited considering the condition's histological changes. EH is a very well defined entity and the absence of systemic involvement, lymphadenopathies, blood eosinophilia or a neprothic syndrome provides the key points in the differential diagnosis with Kimura's disease. Eosinophilia is described in less than 20% of patients referred to in the scientific literature.2

Mainly affecting adult patients of all races, EH is infrequent among the paediatric population. Involvement of the trunk and extremities is extremely rare, as most reported cases are located on the head (the preauricular area) and neck. On clinical examination, erythematous violaceous papules or nodules are the most representative cutaneous lesions. They can be superficial or deeper, and have been reported to follow a zosteriform pattern in a few cases.3,4 The lesions are often associated with spontaneous bleeding, pain or pruritus. They may coalesce into confluent plaques.

A cutaneous biopsy is mandatory for patients with EH. Histologically, the lesions are normally characterised by the presence of endothelial proliferations in which the neoplastic endothelial cells are plump, eosinophilic and polygonal, forming vascular channels. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles are also commonly identified. The surrounding stroma contain a mild inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils and lymphoplasmacytic cells. An immunohistochemical study will usually show that the tumour cells are positive for the endothelial markers CD31 and CD34 and negative for the epithelial marker cytokeratin.5

The differential diagnosis for children with EH mainly includes pyogenic granulomas. Several drugs, such as rituximab, and minor traumas have been suggested as the possible causes of eruptive pyogenic granuloma. Other conditions with varying degrees of malignancy, such as haemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma, may also be considered. The presence of atypical mitosis, cytological atypia and alterations in the lesions' architecture may point the histological diagnosis towards the previously mentioned conditions.

It has also been suggested that AV shunts may be responsible for the development of EH.6 Therefore, an MRI scan should be performed to rule this out. These AV shunts can be observed in some histological stains, however, an experienced dermatopathologist may be required to determine the venule or capillary communication.5

The treatment options for EH include systemic intralesional corticosteroids, conventional surgery, cryotherapy, cautery, sclerotherapy and the use of a pulsed dye laser. Recurrences have been observed in almost 10% of cases.7 A spontaneous regression is a known possibility. When treating EH, physicians should consider the patient's age and elect a conservative therapeutical approach with periodic revisions.


An apparatus based on the static-analytic method has been designed to perform fast determinations of vapor−liquid equilibria and critical pressures for mixtures up to 60 MPa and 523 K. Vapor pressures of isobutane and vapor−liquid equilibria of the following mixturescarbon dioxide + ethanol at (312.82, 313.15, 333.82, 333.75, 348.4, and 373.00) K up to 14.3 MPa and carbon dioxide + 2-propanol at (324.99, 324.70, 333.70, 333.82, and 348.65) K up to 10.5 MPaare reported herein over the whole range of compositions. The experimental data are represented/predicted using the Patel−Teja equation of state (EOS) with new Wong−Sandler type mixing rules. For the carbon dioxide + ethanol and carbon dioxide +2-propanol mixtures, the parameters of the EOS were fitted to the VLE data at 313.15 K and at 324.70 K, respectively. VLE data at higher temperatures were then predicted and found to be in good agreement with the data reported in this work. Critical pressures and compositions were also determined for the system ca...


Purpose

This study aims to analyse the development of social enterprises in the UK, in the context of the increased need for creative solutions to ameliorate deprivation and deliver effective public services.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation draws on a mixed method approach from a postal survey of 102 social enterprises complemented by detailed analysis of two selected cases and key informant interviews.

Findings

The results of the study show that there is a paradigm shift in the practice and conceptualisation of social enterprises in South Yorkshire, as they are increasingly taking a more corporate approach to achieve their outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to social enterprises in South Yorkshire, UK. Further comparative analysis in other regions and social contexts is required to explore if these results are widely applicable.

Practical implications

This study is of potential benefit to researchers and those involved in formulating policies for the development and support of social enterprise.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the extant literature by investigation of the development of social enterprise in competitive markets, which is an area that requires further academic scrutiny. The South Yorkshire region presents an interesting case that extends our understanding of the operations of social enterprises in the UK, given the high levels of deprivation because of the steady decline of its industrial base (Bache and Chapman, 2008).


America has played a significant role in world affairs from first contact between Europeans and Native Americans into the twenty-first century. "America in World History" explores the core historical events, trends, and personalities from U.S. history within the context of global history and international relations. Organized into four chronological volumes, the set defines key episodes in American history from a global perspective. Each article includes sidebars and special features that examines specific nuances of the event being discussed or offer primary source material for further analysis. Four-color illustrations and maps are featured throughout, and the set also includes a bibliography, volume indexes, and a master timeline.


From the ancient years, natural social species fascinated the individual and researchers for the seamless intelligence work solutions. Swarm intelligence is also a nature inspired computing technique that is inspired from the social species like small ants, termites, wasp, bee etc. There are various techniques of swarm intelligence. In this work, we are using swarm intelligence based Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) for the groundwater possibility detection. Here, BBO is integrated with Case Based Reasoning to extract the available cases for the research solution of groundwater possibility estimation. For experimentation, we have considered an expert dataset with feature of slope, landuse, landform, geology, soil type and lineament. Groundwater possibility detection is considered to explore the possibility with the given attributes for any exploration area. The proposed concept is elaborated with research solution. Keywords— Biogeography Based Optimization, Case Based Reasoning, Ground Water Possibility, Swarm Intelligence


The per‐pixel energy‐ and time‐capability of the position‐sensitive Timepix detector allows for spatial‐ and time‐correlated detection of radioactive ions and their subsequent decay in the same sensor. The high granularity of the pixel detector allows applying not only temporal but also spatial coincidence technique for background suppression. This is particularly important for scarcely populated nuclei and/or detection under high rate of unwanted/background events. For these different situations two methods were developed using a segmented ionization chamber as trigger: (i) a time‐delayed opening (start) of the detector shutter, and (ii) a trigger‐driven external clock with varying time delay with the detector shutter open. For these approaches, Timepix was operated in its time mode and in its time‐over‐threshold mode, respectively. The methods are demonstrated on the detection and decay measurement of 8He and 6He ions as well as of the 7.6 μs 496.2 keV isomer 98mY, respectively. Measurements were carrie...


Fish and seafood samples (124) were collected from fish landings, local markets and processors and tested for the presence of Listeria. Of these, 14 were positive with L. innocua dominating the positive samples followed by L. welshimeri. No L. monocytogenes isolated. It was found that competing micro organisms such as Corynebacterium and Enterococcus did not necessarily compete with Listeria. There is no clear reason for the absence of L. monocytogenes as the minimal growth requirements were suitable in some samples tested. I


The quality of bus frame design has directly impacted on the performance of a bus,such as security and service life.In order to simulate the strength and rigid of the bus frame,three different finite element models of the bus frame—the solid-beam model,the shell-beam model and the pure beam model are established.The static characteristics of the models under various conditions are analyzed,and the features of stress and strain distribution are gotten.The optimal model of the bus is gained based on the electrical test results.


ABSTRACT Filipino musicians were critical for the spread of jazz throughout Asia yet their place in histories of the music remains peripheral. I argue that the emergence of the Filipino jazz musician was based on contradictions central to a new imperial jazz economy: the possibilities of jazz as a form of labor in colonial Asia have to be paired with the devastating impact of U.S. imperial policies. Furthermore, the Filipino semimonopoly on musical labor in Asia that brought many Filipinos a sense of political pride was made possible by racialized hierarchies of work that served to undermine claims for Philippine independence.


The unexpected challenges of COVID-19 forced our nation to "rework" normal practices and routines. Kathy Chappell states that nurse professional development practitioners must be problem focused and solution oriented. Led by a nurse professional development specialist, planners employed innovation and creativity to address the problems found in one professional development program. This article assures readers that remote day-long conferences are well accepted and useful in today's fast-paced learning environment.


Article 12 (Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject) (see too recital 59); Article 17 (Right to erasure) (see too recital 65); Article 18 (Right to restriction of processing) (see to recital 67); Article 23 (Restrictions) (see too recital 73).


Further developments are reported of the conductive lithographic film (CLF) process in which components of radio-frequency circulators are fabricated economically via offset lithography. The performance of centre conductor elements printed from silver-loaded inks on polymer substrates is compared with that of conventional solid copper structures.


A fast distance transform algorithm for 3D image is proposed. The 3D image is changed into slices of 2D images at first; then, two marked arrays for each 2D image are defined, according to which each pixel's distance transformation in the 2D image is figured. Finally, the result of 2D distance transformation is applied to calculate each pixel's distance transformation in the 3D image. The proposed algorithm can be easily implemented and parallel operated. The experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement in reducing time and space complexity when compared to boundary striping and Voronoi-based algorithms.


The airborne radar warning receiver is important to improve the survivability of fighter plane.In this paper,based on the introduction of foreign airborne radar warning technique,and according to the requirements of battle plane warning,the development trend of the airborne radar warning technique is discussed.And the design requirements are discussed.


The present paper focuses on the changing interpretations of the English gerund. Since no method can accurately and uniformly account for the meanings of all instances of existing -ing forms, previous studies have offered approximate characterizations based on small samples. This study looks at the numbers of -ing derivations denoting institutionalized activities, on the assumption that these represent non-eventive readings. The derivations in question are arranged chronologically in terms of their time of coinage to compare changing productivity levels of this process relative to -ry derivations. This count shows that -ing suffi xations outnumber other nominalization processes and this trend has increased in the last two centuries.


In recent years, new classes of highly dynamic, complex systems are gaining momentum. These classes include, but are not limited to IoT, smart cities, cyber-physical systems and sensor networks. These systems are characterized by the need to express behaviors driven by external and/or internal changes, i.e. they are reactive and context-aware. A desirable design feature of these systems is the ability of adapting their behavior to environment changes. In this paper, we propose an approach to support adaptive, reactive systems based on semantic runtime representations of their context, enabling the selection of equivalent behaviors, i.e. behaviors that have the same effect on the environment. The context representation and the related knowledge are managed by an engine designed according to a reference architecture and programmable through a declarative definition of sensors and actuators. The knowledge base of sensors and actuators (hosted by an RDF triplestore) is bound to the real world by grounding semantic elements to physical devices via REST APIs. The proposed architecture along with the defined ontology tries to address the main problems of dynamically re-configurable systems by exploiting a declarative, queryable approach to enable runtime reconfiguration with the help of (a) semantics to support discovery in heterogeneous environment, (b) composition logic to define alternative behaviors for variation points, (c) bi-causal connection life-cycle to avoid dangling links with the external environment. The proposal is validated in a case study aimed at designing an edge node for smart buildings dedicated to cultural heritage preservation.


The paper,based on the teaching practice of the course of SQL Server Database Principle,analyzes current situations of the teaching of the SQL course.It is held that there exist many problems in teaching process:the theory is separated from the practical social needs,practice teaching tache is not paid enough attention to,the teaching practice runs against the engineering principle,and the teaching methods and measures are far from diversified.In this paper,some inovative methods,such as,designing the course for training goals,optimizing teaching contents,enriching teaching methods,strengthening practice activities and developing creative abilities of the students,etc.are introduced,Finally the paper brings forward some measures which have improved corresponding teaching and achieved some desired effect.


In A Foreign Affair (1948), Billy Wilder's wonderfully satirical film about the American occupation of postwar Germany, an Army officer, Colonel Plummer from Indiana, takes a group of fact-finding representatives from Congress on a tour of destroyed Berlin. While conscientious Congresswoman Frost sees what to her are disturbing signs of GI fraternization with German women at every turn (including the sight of a woman pushing a typically German baby carriage bedecked with two crisply fluttering American flags, looking eerily like those cars of more recent vintage celebrating support for American troops in Iraq), the male members eagerly watch young boys play baseball among the ruins. "This is one of our youth clubs", Plummer tells his charges:


Summary The structure of whole milk powders made by the spray and drum methods is described. It is suggested that the presence of air within the granules of powder made by the spray process has an important bearing on the fact that this type of whole milk powder is especially prone to undergo tallowy, i.e., oxidative, deterioration.


The paper gives the data available in the literature on the role of a level of elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)) in the development of ischemic stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. It shows the normal level of Lp (a) and the typical distribution of its concentration for people of European origin and representatives of other races. There is evidence on the genetic determination and variability of the Apo (a) gene. The paper presents the results of the recent large survey of 8000 patients with coronary heart disease and 8000 control persons, which has studied candidate genes for cardiovascular diseases. It indicates the role of Lp (a) as a risk factor for early atherosclerosis and describes main pathomorphological mechanisms. The propositions that it is necessary to screen Lp (a) in different risk groups, its target level, and possible methods for correcting the elevated Lp (a) level are given.


Esophageal obstruction, either primary (simple choke), or secondary to other disease processes is the most common esophageal disorder seen in horses. The cause of primary obstructions are many, however roughage in the diet and stall bedding materials are frequently identified. Prior esophageal trauma or poor mastication caused by dental abnormalities may predispose horses to esophageal impaction [1,2].


Three Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) pressurizer insurge tests were simulated using the Babcock and Wilcox (B and W) version of RELAP5/MOD2. One of the important model additions to the B and W version of RELAP5 was a mechanistic model to calculate surface condensation in the presence of noncondensible gases. The model allowed the code to predict the pressurizer behavior correctly when the vapor region contained pure steam or steam mixed with nitrogen. When helium was used as the noncondensible gas, the code highly overpredicted the pressure because of the buoyancy effect of helium in steam. When the assumption of perfect separation of the helium was used, the code correctly predicted the pressure.


The rise of social media in Eastern Europe demonstrates an impressive trajectory of creating islands of digital public sphere before their successive submission to state regulation, especially in the countries where strong authorities were re-elected for consecutive terms, such as Belarus and Russia. Social media audience in these countries grew in parallel to the Internet penetration rate, whereby blogs, social networks, and twitter became the main loci of alternative media agenda. A high proportion of Internet users among the youth extended the reach of social media to an otherwise politically inactive audience. The peaks of social media effect on public agenda in Belarus occurred in 2011 when the VK social network communities mobilized peaceful protests and in 2011-2012 in Russia when LiveJournal and Facebook groups pulled together massive demonstrations for the transparency of elections. After the subsequent adoption of new Internet regulation, the alternative media agenda has had only a limited audience reach in Russia, while being almost invisible in Belarus.


We describe and compare two steady state asynchronous parallelization variants for DECMO2++, a recently proposed multi-objective coevolutionary solver that generally displays a robust run-time convergence behavior. The two asynchronous variants were designed as trade-offs that maintain only two of the three important synchronized interactions / constraints that underpin the (generation-based) DECMO2++ coevolutionary model. A thorough performance evaluation on a test set that aggregates 31 standard benchmark problems shows that while both parallelization options are able to generally preserve the competitive convergence behavior of the baseline coevolutionary solver, the better parallelization choice is to prioritize accurate run-time search adaptation decisions over the ability to perform equidistant fitness sharing.


When a star is disrupted by a supermassive black hole, and its debris are accreted onto it, a powerful hadronic jet can be generated and be a source of high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays. I review the simplest models of neutrino production from such Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs), and show that the resulting neutrino flux is detectable, and can explain a fraction of the diffuse neutrino flux detected at IceCube. The possibility of a joint explanation of the neutrino and Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray data is briefly illustrated. I discuss the hypothesis - which requires further study to be fully substantiated - that a single TDE burst might have been responsible for the 2014-2015 neutrino flare observed by IceCube.


Baby massage is an activity to simulate or sequence the baby's head with touch, movement, plus auditory stimulation and visual stimulation. The benefits of baby massage can make babies relax, establish affection between parents and children, and also train children's motor skills. Babies who routinely undergo baby massage are proven to have more motor intelligence than babies who rarely get it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on mothers' knowledge and attitudes about infant massage in Pasir Makmur Village, Rambah Samo District, Rokan Hulu Regency. This type of research is a quasi experiment with a one group pretest posttest without control design. The number of samples is 65 people who are determined by total sampling technique. The statistical test used is the paired t test. The results showed that the average knowledge of respondents before being given health education about baby massage was 68.76 and after being given health education it was 88.18. The attitude of the respondents before being given health education on average was 42.04 and after being given health education it became 45.48. Based on the results of statistical tests there is an effect of health education on mother's knowledge and attitudes about infant massage with statistical test results obtained p values are 0.0003 and 0.0002 (p <0.05). It is hoped that further research will not only provide health education but baby massage training so that mothers do not only massage their babies but can also be an effort for mothers to obtain a lot of material.
Keywords: Health Education, Baby Massage, Infant Message


Report containing a list of surgical procedures conducted across the state of Texas, organized by the type of procedure. The report includes data regarding each case, including the age, sex, and race of the patient, recovery status, the name of the operator, what anesthesia and antiseptic (if any) was used, and surgeon remarks.


Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) displays and Active-Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (AM-LCD) are currently the dominant softcopy displays in the radiology reading rooms. Results of some studies have shown the superiority of LCDs over CRTs in many aspects. In terms of the contrast resolution, however, they are similar and both of them can usually interpret 8-bit images. We have reported an error-diffusion-based method to compensate for the limited contrast resolution last year on this meeting. In this paper, we propose to include the image content into the error diffusion kernel to further increase the contrast of the image displayed. First, the raw image is processed to find the image contrast information. The areas in the image which have low contrast are enhanced more than the areas with high contrast. The areas where image noise is dominant are not enhanced. The enhancement operation will modify the image and the changes are treated as error and inputted to the error diffusion kernel. We have used a different set of diffusion weights for image contrast enhancement. But the two diffusion operations are done together.


The results of total energy, band structure, density of states and charge density calculations for lithium azide using an ab-initio technique of pseudo-atomic orbitals are presented. The computations are performed based on the density functional theory within a local density approximation applying the basis of sp 3 d 5 pseudo-orbitals. The data involved are in food agreement with those of full-electron Hartree-Fock calculations. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum is interpreted in terms of the density of states. The projected density of states and maps of the electron density distribution are used to analyze the characteristics of the chemical bonding.


A study realized in a Tunisian family of 22 persons has revealed a double heterozygoty Hb O Arab/beta(0) thalassemia in a child of 16 years old. The father of this child presents a beta thalassemia and his mother is haemoglobine O Arab homozygote.


The adsorption of enantiopure versus racemic propylene oxide (PO) on Pd(111) is studied by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) to explore possible differences in their saturation coverage. It is found that that the saturation coverage of enantiopure PO on Pd(111) is identical to that of racemic PO, in contrast to results on Pt(111) where significant coverage differences were found. The surface structures of enantiopure PO on Pd(111) were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which shows the formation of linear chains and hexagonal structures proposed to be due to freely rotating PO, in contrast to the relatively disordered PO overlayers found on Pt(111). STM experiments were carried out for enantiopure glycidol, which contains the same epoxy ring as PO, but where the methyl group of propylene oxide is replaced by a −CH2OH group to provide a hydrogen-bonding sites. Glycidol STM images show the formation of completely different surface structures; at low coverages, glycidol forms pseudoh...


In this study, effect of temperature, aspect ratio, number of layers and boundary conditions on critical buckling load of composite laminated plate was investigated numerically. Six different boundary conditions: (SSSS, SSFC, SSFS, SSFF, SSCC and CCFF), three temperatures (40C, 60C and 80C) and four aspect ratios (1, 1.3, 1.5 and 2) would consider. These variables were analyzed with different types of laminated plate (unidirectional, cross ply and angle ply). The thickness of the plate was changed by increasing the number of layers. The results showed that in the case of (a/b = 1 and θ = 0), and the temperature changed from (40C) to (80C), the maximum value of critical buckling load dropped by about (53 %) for (CCFF), while the minimum value of critical buckling load dropped by about (63 %) for (SSCC). Also, it was found that the maximum value of critical buckling load dropped by about (60 %) at the ply orientation (0/0) and (20/-20) at a/b = 1 and CCFF, while the minimum value drops by about (64 %) at the ply orientation (0/0), a/b = 1 and SSCC as the temperature changed from 40C to 80C.


Today in Taipei, Apple's inc. supply chain stock known as "concept stock" were mixed  on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in the morning, after the news of the death of Apple's co-founder Steve Jobs. The dealers said that there have been fears that the  company will have to change it's strategies due to losing innovative capability…


.......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... xiv List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... xv List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... xxi Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 3 Phenol Formaldehyde .................................................................................................................. 4 Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate .............................................................................................. 6 Soy Products .............................................................................................................................. 12 Adhesion theory ........................................................................................................................ 17 Pressing theory .......................................................................................................................... 22 Contact angle and resin spread .................................................................................................. 24 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) ......................................................................................... 24 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)................................................................................. 26


Cloud Haskell is a new distributed processing domain-specific language embedded as a library written in the Haskell programming language. We present a short introduction to the challenges faced, some common patterns and our experiences through implementing image processing and machine learning tasks used in object recognition. We examine closely the task of namely batch processing images and demonstrate the scalability of our examples with benchmarks on a small add-hoc cluster of machines typical of many office networks.


There is, perhaps, a touch of mea culpa about Gamble's decision to republish these two volumes of essays produced over a lifetime of academic endeavour and reflection. He is right to say that they ...


The recent public policies have changed the structure of sectorial employment in recent decades in the Regiao Nordeste.. However, these impacts are also rebounded on the agricultural employment. Thus, arise the query about the behavior presented by agricultural employment of Regiao Nordeste in recent years. Thus, this paper aims to identify the polos of concentration of employment in the agricultural sector of the Regiao Nordeste between the years 1994 to 2013. The methodology consisted in the estimation of the Locacional Quotient. The database used from the information present in the Relacao Annual de Informacoes Sociais (RAIS) about the volume of agricultural employment classified the mesorregional level between the years 1994 to 2013, organized according to the criteria of the Classificacao Nacional de Atividades Economicas (CNAE). The main results show that the number of mesoregions that concentrated employment in activities of permanent crops, livestock and horticulture has increased while the number of areas related to temporary crops remained stable. However, the indicators showed a low dynamism in the dissemination of agricultural activities, showing that the productive structure in this segment remained unchanged, compared to the state employment pattern over the study period.


ConclusionsA modified Arcan test fixture was built primarily to perform the shear test of composite materials. The test fixture was evaluated based on the experimental results (shear modulus, shear strength, and fracture surface) obtained from the testing of three materials. It was found that the shear properties obtained using the modified Arcan shear test were in excellent agreement with the reference data provided by the standard or other reliable test methods. It was concluded that the modified Arcan shear test fixture can be used to determine the shear properties of composite materials.


This paper first defines the terms of bridge camber and deflection of main girder in gantry crane. With the criteria of bridge camber and deflection,methods of precision measurement have been put forward. Then common measurement results are carefully analyzed before a conclusion is drawn.


An unusual location of pancreatic pseudocyst in the renal parenchyma in a patient of chronic calcific pancreatitis is reported. The role of computed tomography in its detection is also high-lighted.


This study describes the properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with sizes of 20, 30 and 40 nm, which were synthesized using citrate reduction or seeding-growth methods. Likewise, the conjugation of these AuNPs to mouse anti-human IgG4 (MαHIgG4) was evaluated for an immunochromatographic (ICG) strip test to detect brugian filariasis. The morphology of the AuNPs was studied based on the degree of ellipticity (G) of the transmission electron microscopy images. The AuNPs produced using the seeding-growth method showed lower ellipticity (G ≤ 1.11) as compared with the AuNPs synthesized using the citrate reduction method (G ≤ 1.18). Zetasizer analysis showed that the AuNPs that were synthesized using the seeding-growth method were almost monodispersed with a lower polydispersity index (PDI; PDI≤0.079), as compared with the AuNPs synthesized using the citrate reduction method (PDI≤0.177). UV–visible spectroscopic analysis showed a red-shift of the absorbance spectra after the reaction with MαHIgG4, which indicated that the AuNPs were successfully conjugated. The optimum concentration of the BmR1 recombinant antigen that was immobilized on the surface of the ICG strip on the test line was 1.0 mg ml−1. When used with the ICG test strip assay and brugian filariasis serum samples, the conjugated AuNPs–MαHIgG4 synthesized using the seeding-growth method had faster detection times, as compared with the AuNPs synthesized using the citrate reduction method. The 30 nm AuNPs–MαHIgG4, with an optical density of 4 from the seeding-growth method, demonstrated the best performance for labelling ICG strips because it displayed the best sensitivity and the highest specificity when tested with serum samples from brugian filariasis patients and controls.


The positive feedback is one of main characteristics of Ant Colony Optimization(ACO),it works through the cumulation of the pheromone by which the ant's behavior is biased,then attracts more ants to choose this path.The positive feedback benefits for the rapid discovery of good solutions,but it makes the local optima possible,so,we propose the negative feedback which works through the repulsion pheromone.Experimental results show that the application of negative feedback improves the algorithm's ability to find the good solutions and it is feasible.


We consider the quantum vertex algebra associated with the trigonometric R-matrix in type A as defined by Etingof and Kazhdan. We show that its center is a commutative associative algebra and construct an algebraically independent family of topological generators of the center at the critical level.


In the low plain area of Hebei province,we compared 11 rye and triticale varieties.The results indicate that the yields of grass and coarse protein of two varieties NTH1048 and NTH1888 are higher than other varieties.Between resistant various varieties does not have the obvious difference.The NTH1888′s stem leaf is quite high,but NTH1048 then is obviously lower than other varieties.The comprehensive characters are most superior by NTH1048 and NTH1888 two varieties performance,suitably raises as the Hebei low plain area introduction with triticale's first choice variety.


Previous research has considered pupil and Teaching Assistant experiences of the ELSA (Emotional Literacy Support Assistant) intervention in primary settings. The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth exploration of the experiences of the ELSA intervention for young people and Teaching Assistants (TAs) in secondary settings in one Local Authority. Research questions considered individual meanings and experiences and also the phenomenon of the ELSA encounter. Three young people (aged 14-15) and three TAs agreed to take part after being approached to share their experience of an ongoing ELSA intervention. The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews. The transcripts were analysed using an approach that drew on Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), constructing idiographic accounts of individual meanings and experiences as well as a collective statement about the experience of the ELSA encounter. A first interpretative discussion considered how experiences of ELSA involved participants' self-concepts. A second interpretative discussion constructed a collective statement across the participants that theorised a relational, interpersonal experience at the heart of the ELSA encounter; this generated and was based on five collective headings: communication as emotional discharge; experiential learning and awareness; exploratory, challenging talk; flexibility and stable, attuned attachment. Together, these two interpretative discussions aimed to provide a rich, multi-perspectival description and interpretation of experiences of ELSA in secondary settings. Implications of this are considered: it is argued that high quality descriptions will add to practice-based evidence by informing the understanding and practice of professionals who implement ELSA directly as well as those providing training and line management. The stages of analysis, researcher's position, ability to generalise and the limitations of the study were considered in order to increase the transparency and rigour of the study.


The present study deals with the tribological behavior of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings at high temperature sliding conditions. The NCD coatings were grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method on the hard metal (WC-Co) substrates. The friction and wear tests were performed on ball-on-disc tribometer using a high-temperature chamber with rotary drive. The tests were carried out at room temperature, 300, 450 and 600 °C. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, mechanical profilometry and Raman spectrometry were used for investigation of the morphology and chemical composition of the wear scars and pristine surface. The depth and width of the wear scars measured after the high temperature sliding tests are larger in comparison with room temperature tests. It was observed that the coefficient of friction (COF) increased with increasing temperature. The wear rate of NCD coatings tested at 300-450° C was about 10 times higher than that at room temperature. The mechanisms involved for these variations are discussed.


The effect of electronic phase segregation in a broad metal-Insulator transition (MIT) observed in La0.75Ca0.25-xSrxMnO3 (x=0.1) composition is investigated using heat capacity, magnetization, electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements. The negative magnetoresistance of 65% in an applied magnetic field of 12T and 15% in 1T with a broad working range of 18K around 300K which is beneficial for room temperature colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) applications. The broad transition in temperature dependent zero field resistivity measurement is analyzed in the light of percolation model indicates the abundance of insulating/metallic clusters in metallic/insulating region. A significant difference between the metallic fraction around the MIT and the ferromagnetic phases observed around the Curie temperature demonstrates the interplay between volume of itinerant and polaronic electronic phases.


Titre Development of pharmacologically active microcarriers transporting stem cells and releasing growth factors integrated in a thermosensitive injectable hydrogel for an efficient tissue engineering strategy Type de publication Communication Type Communication par affiche dans un congrès Année 2011 Langue Anglais Date du colloque 2011 Titre du colloque Annual Meeting Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (TERMIS)


The role of Communist Party of China playing in the anti- Japanese War has already been concluded and formed a political consensus with which is not allowed to be tampered. It is necessary to refute and criticize against distortion of historical nihilism and correctly understand the status and role of the Communist Party of China playing in the anti- Japanese war.


We consider infinite harmonic chain with $l_{2}$-initial conditions and deterministic dynamics (no probability at all). Main results concern the question when the solution will be uniformly bounded in time and space in the $l_{\infty}$-norm.


The particle size of EuS nanocrystals was gradually increased by addition of pyridine to the reaction mixture of europium metal and hydrogen sulfide in liquid ammonia. The size effect of EuS nanocrystals was found in the absorption spectra for the first time. The size effect on the magnetic properties of the nanocrystals was also observed.


In this paper,we studied the problem of quadratic stabilizability via asynchronous controller switching for linear singular systems.We intruduce the concept of quadratic stabilizability,and gain two sufficient conditions for quadratic state feedback stabilizability via asynchronous controller switching for linear singular systems.Futhermore,we also discussed robust state feedback stabilizability with a quadratic storage function and controller switching for a class of uncertain singular linear systems with norm-bounded time-varying uncertainty.


This article rereads Penelope Lively's first memoir Oleander, Jacaranda (1994) as not only witnessing the end of British colonial rule, but also revealing how life in England – and more widely Britain – elides and conceals the impact of Empire. Lively's childhood in Egypt is described as a lonely one, yet the private, often confined world of Oleander, Jacaranda offers glimpses of life on an island of whiteness, creating a first-hand account of how Lively's English household was marooned within its Egyptian surroundings. It repeatedly draws our attention to the subterranean, partially obscured experiences of a wealthy white colonial childhood, asking us to imagine what worlds and realities are excluded from a surface-level view of drawing rooms, verandahs and garden parties. Yet, just as importantly, Lively indicates how these formative years underwrite her later experiences on another, significantly larger island. Returning to Oleander, Jacaranda at a time when British society remains incapable of fully addressing its colonial past, reveals a challenging, probing account of how we remember and understand the legacies of Empire in twenty-first-century Britain.


: The current work intends to revalue the influence of classics in the teaching field rescuing their inherent educational value. For this, the track to literature outstanding writers such as Homer, Virgil and Dante is made. The authors, as route guides, have enlightened the teaching experience and man´s whole life. In the first place, the teaching experience is manifested through the Literature. In this course, the reflection on masterpieces like either The Divine Comedy, which helps man understand and value the transcendence and humanization; or the one like Metamorphosis, which shows the dehumanization process of man, is essential. In the second place, the teaching experience is manifested through Universal Literature, an elective subject for all the careers. This experience implies a relevant innovation, since literary works are managed to be turned into personal formation instruments. The condition of humanity —sensitive to beauty, justice, truth and goodness— becomes concrete through professional action. Finally, some students' testimonies are dealt with and they have concluded the journey to the classical writers claiming the following: a) the classical authors provide us their legacy to be absorbed by them, to be enlightened, and to make self-questions, and as a consequence of this, their works can be transmitted from generation to generation; b) inside the great traditional chain, the teacher has a fundamental role in the hard task of man's humanization.


This paper focuses on the problem of data clustering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The data time window is a landmark window, from the time WSN starts working up to the current time. The objective is to group sensory data generated by sensor nodes deployed in a two-dimensional physical space by the similarity of sensory data in the multi-dimensional sensory data space. To perform in-network data clustering efficiently, we propose HilbertMap, a novel dimensionality reduction technique based on the Hilbert Curves, to map a multi-dimensional data space to a two-dimensional physical space. Through this mapping, the communications for clustering mostly occur between geographically nearby sensor nodes. We have conducted simulation experiments on both real-world and synthetic datasets. Our results show that HilbertMap improves the communication efficiency while maintaining a good clustering quality.


The operation Ivax and 3M both manufacture and supply pharmaceutical products including products for the treatment of asthma. Ivax has acquired 3M's distribution business for certain asthma…


In Deep Sea Mining, material will be excavated at the sea floor and transported to the surface. This transport always consists of horizontal and vertical transport and can be carried out mechanically or hydraulically. If the transport is hydraulically, during the horizontal transport there is a danger of bed formation and plugging the line. This is similar to the horizontal transport in dredging with the difference that in deep-sea mining the line length is much smaller, but also the line speeds may be smaller. To avoid plugging the line, the line speed has to be higher than a certain critical line speed. In literature there are many theories about this critical line speed and about bed forming in the pipe, but these theories are usually empirical and cannot be applied under all circumstances. Different particles sizes, pipe diameters and line speeds require different equations, although a generic theory should cover everything. For the critical velocity different definitions exist. Some researchers use the definition that above the critical velocity no bed, either stationary or sliding, exits. This definition is also referred to as the limit deposit velocity. Others use the transition between a stationary bed and a sliding bed as the definition of the critical velocity. Whatever definition is used, the Moody friction factor on the bed always plays an important role. Since in literature no explicit formulation for this Moody friction factor exists, an attempt is made to find an explicit formulation for the Moody friction factor for the interface of the fluid flow and the bed, where this interface consists of sheet flow.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Teaching accounting in a higher education institution has been usually considered to be a technical rather than an intellectual activity, with teaching methods being focused on journal entries, which eventually have held no appeal for students. In this research, a diagnosis of the process of teaching and learning accounting at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Campus Macas, was made with the aim of knowing the training processes for both students and teachers, and getting a feedback from them. Methods used were literature review, scientific observation of lessons given by teachers, and interviewing some students. Among the major results obtained is the impact of pedagogical training of teachers on student performance, and that the techniques and methods used are the traditional ones, and they are a long way short of being significant to students. Therefore, it is suggested that accounting teachers should get a better pedagogical training, so their teaching can be improved.


Abstract The shape of the critical anomaly of the Nonlinear Dielectric Effect has been analysed. In binary critical solutions of ordinary liquids the best results have been obtained when the first correction-to-scaling term has been taken into account. For three different solutions almost the same value of the critical exponent has been obtained: ψ = 0.370 ± 0.005.


The last several years have seen the rise of a new Canada-centred cross-disciplinary discussion of memory and trauma. Key players include the philosopher Ian Hacking and the anthropologists Paul Antze and Michael Lambek, their students and collaborators, all based in Toronto, and some scholars from other places. This multidisciplinary volume is the first to give an idea of the importance and scope of the reflections of this strongly anchored and loosely bounded group. The book represents a milestone in studies of memory in giving a much-needed cross-cultural perspective on the field, in a way at the same time is sensitive to psychological and historical approaches.The book begins with a wide-ranging and sometimes inspired introduction by the two editors. The remainder is divided into three parts. The first contains papers on memory and trauma in the lives of individuals; the last papers on collective memory and the handling of collective trauma. Between these the editors have appropriately put papers on explicit expert theories of memory and trauma, reflecting the recent increase of scholarly interest in experts" discourses. In more classical anthropological terms, it's as if Griaule had put data on individual Dogon in a first section, Ogotemmeli's version of Dogon cosmology in a second, Griaule's own reconstruction of the collective Dogon world in a third.The first section of the book contains three papers on cases of traumatic memory and how individuals deal with them. Paul Antze draws implications for our assumptions about identity from his participation in a self-help group for people defined as having multiple personality disorder resulting from repressed early trauma. Donna Young and Glynis George each presents women's histories of trouble and their efforts to conceptualize and deal with them, both from Atlantic Canada. These two papers show the link between individual trauma and social conditions, as well as the sometimes vast implications of turning private trauma into public disclosure.The second part, "The Medicalization of Memory," takes critical views of what are often unquestioned professional readings of memory. Here the guiding spirit (or sprite) is Michel Foucault, whose work on medicine, psychiatry, and the penal system created a field of critical scholarly discourse about scholarly discourse, particularly as it is used to justify the existence of institutions of treatment and constraint. The first chapter in this section, "Memory Sciences, Memory Politics" by Ian Hacking, is a memory manifesto which to some degree anchors the whole book. Hacking's purpose, following Foucault, is to identify unspoken assumptions ("depth knowledge") behind expert discourses ("surface knowledge"). Depth knowledge, the "knowledge" that there is something to know in a given domain, differs from period to period and among societies. Its source is more likely to lie in general social conditions than the explicit rules of the sciences that it makes thinkable. This relatively relativistic position is presumably what Hacking means by insisting on "politics" in relation to "sciences." He holds that "memory" as a scientific category was historically and politically constituted through modernity, illustrating this history with short treatments of key figures: Freud, the psychologists of shellshock, Locke, Ribot.The next chapter in this section is by Allan Young, an anthropologist who some years ago turned his ethnographic gaze on medicine and has more recently considered the psychiatric profession and its development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Young traces the passage of the notion of trauma from bodily to psychic damage and shows how current psychological and psychiatric uses of the concept represent extensions of its source in the body. Finally Ruth Leys, an historian of ideas, goes over some of the same material from a different angle, giving a compelling history of the idea of trauma among psychologists and psychoanalysts from World War 1 to now. …


The image retrieval approach described in this paper combines two layers, the conceptual and the featurebased. It works at the region or visual object level and uses a thesaurus to explore associations between text and image content and enable concept-level queries. The solution described uses relevance feedback both at the query session level and to discover new associations between text and image. Particular emphasis is given in the paper to the limitation of the typical relevance feedback solutions presented and to the benefits of using the relevance feedback in conjunction with the two-layer model presented. Some preliminary results are reported using the prototype VOIR Visual Object Information Retrieval system.


【Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the validity of the application of the Denver II developmental screening test to Korean children. This screening test. which was developed and standardized in United States. was designed to screen for developmental delay in Korea. and to compare the levels of development of Korean children with the development of children from the U.S. Method: Quota sampling. NP To facilitate field sampling. the age range used from 0 to 6 years old. was split into 10 different age groups. Sample size was estimated according to residence. 1.054 children were recruited from Seoul's metropolitan. urban and rural areas. NP To fill the quota established. the Recruitment and testing of children was done at public health centers, pediatric outpatient clinics of general hospitals and a child care center. The 25, 50, 75 and 90 percentiles were identified by using logistic regression analysis and were calculated as norms. The items in which the ages of both 50 and 90 percent passing differed more than 20 percent by the calculation was identified for comparison. NP Result: There were significant differences found in 45 items between Korean children and the children from the City of Denver as it relates to age differences. 90% of the sample passed items among 125 items from 4 sectors, e.g., personal- social. fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor sectors. Korean children were found to be advanced in 9 items, whereas there were significant differences found in 38 items in our comparison of the two countries for age differences when 50% of sample pass items. Korean children were found to be advanced in 16 items. NP Conclusion: The result showed that there was a discrepancy in the developmental norms. It could be explained by the differences in the developmental environment. including child rearing patterns and ethnicity. Therefore, a restandardization of the Denver Screening Test is necessary as it relates to its application on Korean children. This restandardization is necessary in order to avoid both under and over-referrals of children with developmental abnormality. The modification of items in the language sector is especially suggested.】


It is shown that in the low-temperature carbonization of kuckersite under laboratory conditions in a flow of a gaseous heat-carrying agent in comparison with external heating in a standard retort, the benzopyrene yield on the kerogen basis lowers from 42 to 6-10 mg kg −1 . This suggests that in the low-temperature carbonization of kuckersite in a standard retort, at least two-thirds of the benzopyrene forms as a result of pyrolysis of the volatile products and first of all at the expense of the thermally unstable oxygen compounds contained in them, including phenols. When carbon dioxide is used instead of nitrogen as the heat-carrying agent, the benzopyrene yield becomes minimum because of weakening of the chemisorption of the acid compounds on the active surface of the semicoke and their subsequent pyrolysis in the reaction space of the retort


The possible sources of the electrical noise generated by thyristor circuits is discussed, and the results of an investigation to determine the relative importance of the noise sources are presented. The influence of cycle-to-cycle variations in the a.c. supply-voltage amplitude and period is considered in detail. It is established that the most significant effect which produces noise at the higher frequencies is the random variation in the timing of the a.c. supply-mains period, not the thyristor itself. However, the noise from this source is associated with the harmonics in the waveform and would not be produced without thyristor switching.