This study is to optimize the conditions for the treatment of polyamide fabrics using laccase. The pH, temperature, treatment time, and concentration were varied; their effects were evaluated by measuring the number of primary amide groups by the uptake of an acid dye measured by K/S of dyed polyamide fibers. The hydrophilicity of the fabrics was evaluated in terms of moisture regain and wettability. The effects of the mediator, ABTS, on the laccase activity were also evaluated. The optimal treatment conditions were identified as a pH of 4.5, temperature of , treatment time of 6 hours, and concentration of 10% of the weight of the fabric (o.w.f.). ABTS facilitated the activity of laccase on the polyamide fabrics. Voids and cracks on the surfaces of the laccase-treated polyamide fabrics were responsible for improved wettability. The results proved that laccase treatment improved the hydrophilicity of polyamide fibers without decreasing their strength.


An approach to modeling the protonation equilibria in molecular systems with conformational flexibility, applied to pKa prediction in proteins, is formulated. This approach is based on the widely used concept of model system, usually identified with a free amino acid (model compound). However, analysis of the influence of conformational variability on the observed pKa for the free amino acids points to the necessity of reducing the model system to only the set of atoms defining an the essentially nonflexible group (model group). A method for parametrizing the corresponding pKa(model), based on the hybrid Molecular Dynamics and Poisson−Boltzmann model, is presented. The results are tested on two proteins:  hen egg white lysozyme and turkey ovomucoid third domain. Comparison between the predicted and experimental pKa values for these systems allows one to examine the problem of the magnitude of the dielectric constant to be used for the protein in this kind of modeling. The proposed methodology may be exten...


Teachers use learning strategies to ensure that learning goes well, efficiently and optimally. After carrying out the evaluation, the teacher carries out follow-up to achieve the minimum standard of student completeness. This study aims to explain how teachers use teaching strategies in the classroom. The research conducted obtained data through interviews and observations in class IX with several PAI subject teachers. The data validation method used is the triangulation technique. The data analysis technique consisted of data reduction (data selection), data presentation (data display), and then conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that the teacher's strategy in teaching in class IX MTsS Hubbul Wathan Modal Bangsa in using strategies in class is good, this is evidenced by an orderly learning process, students' understanding that is easy to understand and accompanied by the use of IT-based media that helps students to deepen the material presented.
Keywords: Strategy, Learning Media, Information Technology


Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition with an estimated overall mortality of 90 per cent (1). Mortality rate in patients who reach hospital alive, remains as high as 48%, with multiorgan failure being the predominant cause (2). In this setting, endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been suggested as a promising alternative to open surgery. The first report of emergency endovascular aneurysm repair (eEVAR) was published in 1994 (3). Several cohort studies followed with promising initial results. An obstacle to widespread use of eEVAR is the need for an endovascular team to be available at all times. In addition, a subgroup of patients with ruptured aneurysm cannot tolerate any delay of treatment, such as that caused by the preoperative CT-scan needed for eEVAR. The aim of this study was to summarize the progression to date in the field of emergency EVAR and outline upcoming developments. Secondly we describe the key components of an emergency EVAR strategy.


High-precision localization performance of mobile robots in featureless environments plays an important role in the field of navigation. This paper describes an effective localization solution using a landmark whose surface is covered with two different materials resulting in different laser reflection intensities. Based on the landmark, a feature extraction algorithm is proposed and an improved scan matching method for mobile robot localization in featureless environments is described. Unlike traditional scan matching methods which only use geometric features, the proposed method mixes geometric information extracted from environment and laser reflection intensity extracted from the landmark to achieve accurate pose estimation. Experiments show that our method has higher precision than previous methods.


. We investigate the lower bound of the consistency strength of CZF with Full Separation Sep and a Reinhardt set, a constructive analogue of Reinhardt cardinals. We show that CZF + Sep with a Reinhardt set interprets ZF − with a cofinal elementary embedding j : V ≺ V . We also see that CZF + Sep with a Reinhardt set interprets ZF − with a model of ZF + WA 0 , the Wholeness axiom for bounded formulas.


In China, phonics instruction has been given substantial emphasis ever since the implementation of the 2011 National English Curriculum for Compulsory Education. However, many Chinese students' learning outcome remains unsatisfactory due to EFL teachers' insufficient knowledge to teach phonics and the absence of a phonics instructional guide. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate the effects of a newly developed phonics instructional guide on Chinese pre-service EFL teachers' knowledge base to teach phonics. Adopting an experimental research design, the study was conducted at a teachers' college in Sichuan Province, China. There were 172 pre-service EFL teachers assigned into two equivalent groups, namely the experimental group (N=86) and control group (N=86), who took a test respectively before and after the intervention. The measures of the test included seven dimensions aiming to elicit knowledge of general phonics, phonetic system, phonemic awareness, phonics decoding rules, phonics instructions, reinforcement methods, and sight word instructions. The experimental group participants undertook a 15-hour phonics training course using the newly developed Phonics Instructional Guide (PHOInG). The control group participants were taught using a conventional method involving the use of an English textbook prescribed by the college. Results revealed that the Chinese pre-service EFL teachers in the experimental group improved significantly in their overall knowledge base of English phonics and phonics instruction, except for phonemic awareness and knowledge of the phonetic system. These findings point to the importance of using a needs-based and theoretically informed instructional guide when providing phonics and phonics instruction training to Chinese EFL pre-service teachers.


A high-performance l iqu id chromatography method w i t h pre-column derivatization for separation and quantification o f al lantoin i n blood samples is described. Plasma after deproteinisation w i t h trichloroacetic acid was used for the derivatization procedure. The procedure was based on allantoin conversion to glyoxylic acid which forms a hydrazone w i th 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Al l an to in derivatives (synand anti-isomers) were separated on a reversed phase column (Nova-Pak C 1 8 , 4 fim) by gradient elution, and then moni tored at 360 nm. A l l components were completely resolved in about 46 min . The average recovery o f al lantoin added to plasma samples was 101.3 + 8.7% (n = 52). W i t h U V detector the smallest al lantoin concentration that gave reproducible integrations was 0.93 /mio l / l . The within-assay coefficient o f variat ion C V for derivatization and injection was 2 .7+ 1.2%, while C V for repeated injections was 0.68 + 0.33%. This H P L C method can also be used for determination o f allantoin in urine. K E Y W O R D S : allantoin, b lood, determination, H P L C


Threshold ring signature schemes are widely used in blockchains and cryptocurrencies. Isogeny-based signature schemes benefit from short public key and signature sizes. In this paper, by using trapdoor commitments in ring signatures, we propose a decentralized post-quantum threshold ring signature scheme, RippleSign, based on isogenies between supersingular elliptic curves. Our scheme enjoys perfect anonymity and is un-forgeable under a chosen-message attack. In terms of practicality, our threshold scheme has signature size of 187 KB with 100 participants at the 128-bit security level. In addition, our scheme takes about 2 seconds to produce (2,3)-threshold ring signature.


The Japan and South Korea manufacturing is actively moving to China,which is one part of the world structural adjustment and industrial transfer.In order to acclimate the trend,Shandong Province advances the strategy to confront the Japan and Korea industrial transfer,and construct the manufacturing base of Shandong peninsula.Influencing factors and developing tide of the Japan and Korea industrial transfer are proposed by analyzing the regularity of the Japan and Korea external investment.Some advices on how Shandong Province make full use of its economic advantages are put forward to connect the Peloponnesian manufacturing base construction and the Japan and Korea industrial transfer.


We give a stable construction of local nodal bases for spaces of C 1 bivariate polynomial splines of degree d 5 deened on arbitrary tri-angulations. The bases given here diier from recently constructed locally linearly independent bases, and in fact we show that stability and local linear independence cannot be achieved simultaneously. x1. Introduction Given a regular triangulation 4, let S r d (4) := fs 2 C 1 (() : sj T 2 P d for all triangles T 2 4g; where P d is the space of polynomials of degree d, and is the union of the triangles in 4. In this paper we focus on the case r = 1 and d 5. The main result of the paper is a construction of a basis B := fB i g n i=1 for S 1 d (4) with the following properties: P1) The basis B is local in the sense that for each 1 i n, the support of B i is contained in star(v i) (see the end of this section) for some vertex v i , P2) The set B is stable in the sense that there exist constants K 1 and K 2 dependent only on the smallest angle 4 in 4 such that (1)stab1 for all choices of the coeecient vector c = (c 1 ; : : :; c n). Bases for S 1 d (4) satisfying property P1 were constructed in 14] using nodal techniques, but they fail to satisfy property P2 for triangulations with near ISBN 1-xxxxx-xxx-x. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.


Auditory alarms are currently used in medicine, automotive and aviation settings. However, a high degree of variability and lack of standardization may compromise safety if multiple warning sounds are easily confused with each other. Identifying the parameters that are most relevant to auditory similarity will facilitate the development of guidelines that ensure alarms are distinct without requiring standardization. Twenty-seven undergraduate students judged the similarity of a set of abstract sounds varying in pulse rate, fundamental frequency, and burst density. Results indicate that no single parameter was entirely responsible for determining auditory similarity, but temporal characteristics were most salient. These findings suggest that designers intending to ensure perceptual separation between differentially mapped sounds should manipulate temporal characteristics before frequency or burst density.


In this paper, the performance of the IRBASIR-D algorithm, developed from the algorithm IRBASIR (Induction of Rules Based on Similarity Relations) in the cas...


A new algorithm for surface fitting of scattered measured data using multilevel B-splines approximation is presented. It makes use of a coarse-to-fine hierarchy of control lattices to generate a sequence of bicubic B-splines functions whose sum approaches the desired approximation function. Each finer level of the B-splines functions approximates closer to the measured data. Fairness and precision of the fitted surface can be controlled by properly determined number of hierarchy levels. If the hierarchy number is large enough and the control lattices is dense enough, the fitted surface interpolated will coincide closely with the measured data and make C~2 continuous.


The usually accepted mothods for bioassay of histamine according to Schild el at. (1951), employ (i) eat's blood pressure, (ii) guinea pig's uterus or (iii) the guinea pig's ileum. Code (1952) has reported that the most convenient tissue for the bioassay of histamine is guinea pig's terminal portion of the ileum and on this account it is the most widely employed pharmacological preparation for the work. In this laboratory also for the above reason, guinea 'pig's ileum was employed for the bioassay of histamine but the tissue was found not reliable as its sensitivity changed with repeated small doses of histamine. This obvious fallacy was more pronounced with locally obtained spotted guinea pig's ileum. This led us to think for some other tissue for the work. Guinea pig's uterus was also not preferred as the spontaneous rhythmic contractions rendered correct interpretation of the results difficult and cats B. P. method was not employed due to non-availability of the animal. Guinea pig's tracheal chain was then employed for the purpose and the present communication is the result of these experiments. These preparations were further employed for testing the blood histamine in 25 normal human subjects.


This study examines how informal economic activities (IEAs) can be (re)formalized in a way that will not destroy their potential for being assets for community development. The very concept of collaborative development in public administration is applied to social work's asset-based community development (ABCD). This cross-application enables the exploration of alternatives for the challenges encountered in IEAs within industrialized nations. The authors argue that IEAs differ from the underground economy and deserve a different policy response. Social capital will be the overarching framework. Studies of two Western European countries (specifically, Belgium and the UK) will be used as examples.


Real time virtual simulators have been developed al ong with constructive entities to provide a Network Centric Operation (NCO) capability to test decision making and coordinated action in an effective and timely manner. Constructive model s are often used to provide initial analysis and simulation using one or more concepts of operat ions (CONOPS). Virtual simulators can then provide very basic capabilities from three deg rees of freedom (DOF) generic models all the way to full handling qualities models for specific platforms to provide the operator sufficient capabilities to perform the mission, which often pr ovides new tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs). It is also possible to gain considerable i nsight into the requirements by having the operators interact with each other and the construc tive entities by testing improved information processing and transfer between sensors, analysts, decision makers and effectors, etc. New capabilities needed include the extensive use of gr ound forces working with the air and ground assets to provide an integrated cohesive force. In the test case used, the vehicles needed to be six degrees of freedom models that provided more than basic motion, but did not require highly detailed models as long as the operators could use them for the intended purpose. There are several possible techniques to develop models that can be used including starting with first principles and creating a new model using one of se veral autocode generation products, using external models from third party sources or modifyi ng a similar model to provide the new functionality. It was decided to modify existing m odels to provide air and ground vehicles that would interact with the environment. This paper wil l describe the development of several models used for the simulation, difficulties encountered w ith the models, limitations, the results, and future planned usage with real time simulators.


Novelist Tracy Chevalier climbs Pendle Hill and walks to Downham in the footsteps of Quaker George Fox, to help create a new walk.


In the current literature, the analytical tractability of discrete time option pricing models is guaranteed only for rather specific types of models and pricing kernels. We propose a very general and fully analytical option pricing framework, encompassing a wide class of discrete time models featuring multiple-component structure in both volatility and leverage, and a flexible pricing kernel with multiple risk premia. Although the proposed framework is general enough to include either GARCH-type volatility, Realized Volatility or a combination of the two, in this paper we focus on realized volatility option pricing models by extending the Heterogeneous Autoregressive Gamma (HARG) model of Corsi, Fusari, La Vecchia (2012) to incorporate heterogeneous leverage structures with multiple components, while preserving closed-form solutions for option prices. Applying our analytically tractable asymmetric HARG model to a large sample of S&P 500 index options, we demonstrate its superior ability to price out-of-the-money options compared to existing benchmarks.


In the June issue of Shock, Backstrom et al. (1) described a different pattern of regional venous concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol during two different acute experimental models of shock (endotoxin and hemorrhagic shock), as well as regional superior mesenteric arterial occlusion and reperfusion. They successfully distinguished between two different conditions by describing the different pattern of the metabolites during regional ischemia reperfusion and endotoxin shock. In essence, at somewhat comparable levels of regional venous lactate to pyruvate (L/P) ratios during regional gut ischemia and at 5 h of endotoxin shock, mesenteric venous glucose was low in regional ischemia, whereas it remained high during endotoxin shock. Concomitantly, mesenteric venous glycerol increased markedly during true ischemia as compared with low glycerol concentration during 5 h of endotoxin shock. The hemorrhagic shock model the authors established was apparently not severe enough to induce small intestinal anaerobiosis. This, of course, is an important finding per se. With their "positive control" (regional ischemia/reperfusion) for the signal from regional veins, the authors should feel confident concluding that 40% loss of estimated blood volume over 3 h simply does not induce small intestinal (or overall prehepatic) dysoxia in anesthetized animals. However, this does not exclude the possibility of perfusion deficiency over other regions within the splanchnic area due to perfusion heterogeneity as may occur not only in hemorrhagic shock (2), but also in endotoxin shock (3, 4). Also, the finding is in accordance with previously published results on cardiac tamponade, where the signs of gut anaerobiosis occurred rather late during sequential decrease of systemic blood flow (5). In fact, the lack of metabolic consequences of hemorrhage is not surprising; systemic perfusion pressure was only moderately decreased, and cardiac index, portal venous blood flow, as well as celiac trunk blood flow decreased roughly by 30%, 30%, and 50%, respectively. That is to say, in their model, the shifting of extracellular (and intracellular) volume to the intravascular compartment may have, by and large, maintained the intravascular volume at the level that small intestinal perfusion was sufficient to maintain aerobic metabolism. Alternatively, down-regulation of metabolism may have occurred. In a previous study by Kvarstein et al. (6), the critical level of hemorrhage over comparable time period was ∼40% of the estimated blood volume, only after which the intestinal venous to arterial lactate gradient (more adequate measure of net lactate exchange over the tissue as venous concentration) increased. There are several aspects that the reader may want to consider while reading Backstrom et al.'s report. Currently, there are not very many methods available to reflect the metabolism in visceral region to begin with. Yet visceral region and gut, in particular, are the tissues of interest in critical illness and early detection of epithelial barrier failure surely should be of interest to clinicians and researchers. Thereby, attempts to characterize tissue-specific metabolic events and the methods to do that in different models of critical illness are to be appreciated. Microdialysis is one of the methods available to collect tissue and organ-specific samples (of extracellular fluid) to measure concentrations of various metabolites. However, the exact application used within visceral region must be considered from at least two angles, especially when aiming eventually at clinical use: How invasive a method, and how adequate a signal? From the gut, one might want to receive an adequate signal for gut mucosal epithelial disruption (7) and thus a probable link to systemic inflammation (8) and multiple organ dysfunction (9, 10). Especially during low blood flow states, there may be dissociation of the signal from intestinal luminal as compared with venous blood (11) and from luminal as compared with intraperitoneal approach (12), as well as from within the wall signal as compared with intraluminal (13). That is to say, ideally, if one wanted to monitor the metabolism of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, one should have a possibility to place the probe in contact with those particular cells of interest. Intraperitoneal and intraluminal application may be considered less invasive than regional venous intravasal. But most importantly, intraluminal signal may give the signal specifically from the mucosal epithelial cells (4, 7). Some words of caution are warranted: Oversimplification of the data may occur. Traditional concepts of tissue/regional concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol can be challenged. The authors nicely bring up the possibility of lactate not being necessarily a signal for ischemia/dysoxia, but being related to aerobic glycolysis and induction of Na,KATPase by different stimuli such as epinephrine (14) or endotoxemia (15). On the other hand, nitric oxide (16) and proinflammatory cytokine interferon(17) inhibit Na,K-ATPase, both being part of systemic inflammatory syndrome. Interestingly, and provocatively, maintained or high activity of Na,KSHOCK, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 191–192, 2004


This paper analyzes the C/S structure and B/S structure of their own characteristics, building energy decision support system based on network technology, elaborated Web GIS and database connections and other technical principles and applications. Mixed B/S structure mode development to achieve information management, energy consumption is forecast to show the query using the amount of energy, energy supply and demand dynamic equilibrium analysis and other functions, with simple, efficient, easy to operate and so on, and has good scalability and maintainability.


Stable operation of complex flow and transportation networks requires balanced supply and demand. For the operation of electric power grids—due to their increasing fraction of renewable energy sources—a pressing challenge is to fit the fluctuations in decentralized supply to the distributed and temporally varying demands. To achieve this goal, common smart grid concepts suggest to collect consumer demand data, centrally evaluate them given current supply and send price information back to customers for them to decide about usage. Besides restrictions regarding cyber security, privacy protection and large required investments, it remains unclear how such central smart grid options guarantee overall stability. Here we propose a Decentral Smart Grid Control, where the price is directly linked to the local grid frequency at each customer. The grid frequency provides all necessary information about the current power balance such that it is sufficient to match supply and demand without the need for a centralized IT infrastructure. We analyze the performance and the dynamical stability of the power grid with such a control system. Our results suggest that the proposed Decentral Smart Grid Control is feasible independent of effective measurement delays, if frequencies are averaged over sufficiently large time intervals.


Substrate noise from a single through-silicon via (TSV) and the noise attenuation by a substrate tap and a guard ring are clarified. A CMOS test vehicle is designed, and 6-µm-diameter TSVs are manufactured on a 20-µm-thick silicon substrate by the via-last method. An on-chip waveform-capturing circuitry is embedded in the test vehicle to capture transient waveforms of substrate noise. The embedded waveform-capturing circuitry demonstrates small and local noise propagation. Experimental results show increased substrate noise level induced by TSVs and the effectiveness of the substrate tap and guard ring for mitigating the crosstalk among TSVs. An analytical model to explain substrate noise propagation is developed to validate experimental results. Results obtained using the substrate model with a multilayer mesh shows good consistency with experimental results, indicating that the model can be used for examination of noise suppression methods.


In the Punjab territory of the Indo-Gangetic plains, calcite nodules commonly are found in soils on older stream terraces composed of calcareous silt. For this paper, we studied the morphology, mineralogy, and isotope chemistry of pedogenic calcite at Harappa, Pakistan, to determine the process by which they form and the climatic conditions under which they developed. A well-developed soil (fine-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Aridic Haplustalf) showed greatest nodule complexity in the calcic horizon by x-ray diffraction and thin section analysis; inner portions of these nodules had a radiocarbon age of 7080 +/- 120 yr BP Inner portions of nodules, which are presumed to have formed in equilibrium with soil CO2, reflect a large influence of atmospheric CO2 and a very low soil respiration rate. Delta 13C values indicated that a maximum of 71% of the disseminated calcite was pedogenic in origin. Oxygen isotope ratios of disseminated and nodular calcite indicate calcite precipitation in equilibrium with soil water, with δ 18O values similar to that of modern precipitation. A shallower water table at some time in the past may have influenced calcite deposition deep in the profile.


In an effort to improve the accuracy of radiation therapy planning, a system of computerized radiation treatment planning utilizing ultrasonic laminagraphy as a direct source of anatomic information has been developed.With this unique system the location of deep tumors, normal anatomic structures, internal heterogeneities and patient contour are determined by B-mode ultrasound scanning.Utilization of this refined method of data acquisition provides precise anatomic information rapidly and easily. The direct input of this information into the digital computer system facilitates the generation of optimized treatment plans.


Aggregated or solid state red fluorescent materials with efficient light emission are rare but have wide applications in optoelectronic and biological fields. Herein, two pyran derivatives, EtAmPy and EtOxPy with different charge transfers (CT), were designed as initiators and introduced to polystyrene chains via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The emission of EtAmPy was quenched both in highly polar solvents and in an aggregated state because of its strong CT and intermolecular interactions, respectively. After EtAmPy was introduced to normal polystyrene chains, the obtained functional PS emitted strong red light with a quantum yield of 37% in an aggregated state. Differently from EtAmPy, EtOxPy, possessing a weak CT and not being sensitive to the change of microenvironment, was AIE-active and displayed a large red shift in emission spectra in an aggregated state. Meanwhile, the functional PS initiated by EtOxPy showed obviously blue-shifted emission, compared to its initiator, in an aggregated state by reducing their intermolecular interactions. EtAmPy-functionalized polystyrene showed a successful application in cell imaging. Therefore, using the CT effect in molecular design and polymerization is beneficial to obtaining new red emission probes.


Among the most frequently recognized pathogenic fungi, . from Clinical samples plays a vital role. In recent decades, poor antifungal therapy usage critically in immunocompromised patients has led to antifungal drug resistance among . Hence, expeditious and dependable species identification is crucial for the effective implantation of treatment strategies and the management of diseases. The purpose of the study was to look at the presence of in various Clinical samples taken from cancer patients who are being treated at a tertiary care hospital in South India. The primary objective of this investigation is to ascertain the susceptibility patterns shown by antifungal drugs. This retrospective investigation was undertaken between January 2022 to April 2023. The isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility (AFST) by both Conventional (disc diffusion assay) and Automated methods (VITEK-2 compact - AST YSO1). The susceptibility pattern was recorded against antifungal agents like Fluconazole (FLU), Voriconazole (VOR), Amphotericin B (AMB), and Caspofungin. . was identified by conventional method (Chrome ID) as per standard laboratory protocols and by an automated method using MALDI – TOF. Among 215 samples received from cancer patients suggestive of Candidiasis, albicans (64.6%) was the predominant isolate, and the lowest one was (2.25%). Male patients had a higher prevalence of (55.8%). Similarly, the prevalence was higher in patients over 60, with male patients having an incidence of 38.3% and female patients having 23%. By disk diffusion assay and showed 100% sensitivity to all antifungals used in this study. We conclude that the disc diffusion assay is a more cost-effective, user-friendly, and effective screening test than the VITEK 2, and it has the potential to be used as a workable method for Antifungal susceptibility test. The use of Chrome ID for identification of . is cost-effective and reliable. However, MALDI TOF has the advantage of rapidity, providing correct findings promptly. The timely delivery of diagnostic reports facilitates early diagnosis of patients. Therefore, it is recommended in this research to use MALDI TOF for the identification of . and the disc diffusion technique for antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST).


A control system for high pressure common rail injection system in single-cylinder engine was developed.This system is to be used for studying new combustion modes of diesel engines.The construction and working principle of the system were introduced.Based on MC68376 processor and LabVIEW software,ECU driving software and PC controlling software were developed,the latter was used for setting injection parameters(including injection sections,injection timing and pulse width for each injection section,common rail pressure,etc.) and sending them to ECU via CAN communication,and ECU was used for driving high pressure pump and electronically-controlled injector according to the control command.The result shows that the system is able to achieve multiple injections with up to five sections as well as the regulation and control of common rail pressure.


A kind of electric and pneumatic joint control system for transport robot was proposed, and the system implementation was given. A transport robot and a 3D model built by SolidWorks were provided to illustrate the control system. The control system adopted the driving method of motor and cylinder, and took STM32 microcontroller as the control core. In order to improve the control precision and compliance of the system, the position loop and speed loop were used to establish the double closed loop PID control. In order to verify the performance of the system, 25 handling experiments were carried out for four kinds of box workpiece with mass of 1kg, 2kg, 3kg and 4kg respectively. The results show that the system can control the transport robot to complete the handling of the box workpiece. The system has a fast response and it is stable.


As the population of older adults in the United States increases, state public health agencies are confronted with new opportunities and challenges (1). These agencies recognize the need to form new partnerships and develop effective and innovative approaches for addressing the needs of older adults (2). Public health initiatives to promote healthy aging and reduce the burden of chronic conditions are currently underway and include partnership efforts by public health organizations and aging services agencies to implement evidence-based health promotion programs, disseminate information about aging issues, and strengthen their ability to expand these efforts (3). To ensure that informed decisions are being made and to measure progress toward health goals related to older adults, state health agencies interpret and disseminate data on the health of older adults (4). These agencies rely on surveillance — the continuous, systematic collection and analysis of health data — a core tool of public health practice (5). However, previous work to develop indicators that measure whether a community promotes health and well-being among older adults (6) and to create a picture of older adult health has not focused on public health issues (7) or included state-level data (8). Similarly, the development of indicators for chronic diseases (9,10) has not focused on older adults. To fully understand the breadth and depth of older adult health from a public health perspective, these efforts must be combined to produce a core set of public-health–related indicators to measure older adult health at the state level.

As the first step toward our ultimate goal of creating a core set of indicators, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of State and Territorial Chronic Disease Program Directors (CDD), a national public health association of the chronic disease program directors in each state, began to explore indicators that are particularly relevant to healthy-aging activities within state health agencies. The CDD established the Aging Surveillance Advisory Committee to assess state public health agencies' needs, preferences, and priorities for data to monitor older adult health and develop recommendations for potential core indicators.

In this article, we describe the process for exploring the state perspective on surveillance of older adult health, the results of our research, the way in which the findings helped shape the indicators selected for The State of Aging and Health in America 2004 report (11), and potential next steps for creating a core set of indicators.


The present investigation is an attempt to understand the fermion mass ratios in the framework of QED of charged fermions without a bare mass. Since QED of massless charged fermions is invariant under the dilatation transformation, this symmetry has to be spontaneously broken to obtain massive fermions. In the proposed model we combine a mass-scale normalisation with the renormalisation procedure, assuming the fermion momentum space being a four-dimensional one-shell hyperboloid embedded in a five-dimensional space. The hyperboloid constrains the allowed fermion field solutions. We construct the theory in the conventional way using equal time anti-commutator and the Lagrangian formalism. Starting from the Dyson–Schwinger equation for fermion propagator in the Landau gauge, we derive the fermion mass function and self-reciprocal solutions for the mass ratios, which are independent of any constant.  2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.


SYNOPSIS In the early 2000s, the municipality of Alta Floresta was part of Brazil's Arc of Fire, a curving frontier of communities whose residents were clearing old-growth forests in the Amazon region so they could graze livestock, harvest timber, or cultivate crops. In 2008, the federal government cracked down on deforestation and pressured local governments to implement national environmental regulations. It created a blacklist of municipalities that were the worst violators of deforestation laws. Alta Floresta, as one of the 36 municipalities on the list, was thrust into an unfavorable national spotlight, cut off from access to rural agricultural credit, and its ranchers embargoed from selling their cattle to slaughterhouses. To get off the list, the municipality had to convince the owners of 80% of privately held land—more than 2,500 owners in all—to register their property, map property boundaries, declare the extent of deforestation, and agree to restore any illegally degraded or deforested areas within 10 years. Making compliance feasible for local ranchers meant that the municipal government had to promote more efficient agricultural production and provide opportunities for alternative livelihoods. This approach protected land set aside for restoration and reduced the economic need for future deforestation. In 2012, Alta Floresta became the third municipality in Brazil to earn removal from the blacklist.


G A S T R O N O M IC A "Eat your fish, it's brain food!" was one of those childhood dinnertime entreaties—along with promises of increased height and strength, and reminders of starving children overseas—to eat something on my plate that was often singularly unappealing. It antedates by many decades the recent evidence that ingesting omega-3 fatty acids present in fish oils benefits not only your brain but also your heart and various other organs. The premise that eating fish will make you smart has its roots in the distant past and has survived more than a century of scientific and popular conjecture, as if it had a life of its own. A documented basis for the notion had its beginnings in 1669, with the discovery of the element phosphorus by Hennig Brandt, a German alchemist.1 This was followed by the discovery in 1719 by J.T. Hensing that the brain had a high phosphorus content.2 With the later knowledge that phosphorus occurs in nature in combination with oxygen in the form of organic phosphates, it remained for J.L.W. Thudichum, an otolaryngologist and chemist in London, in 1861, to show that much of the phosphate in the brain was to be found in molecules we now know as phospholipids,3 which are structural components of cell membranes, including the brain's many interconnecting nerve fibers. The dramatic property of elemental phosphorus to glow in the dark, first demonstrated by Brandt, along with the knowledge that phosphorus is enriched in the brain, and the emerging evidence of the electrical properties of the nervous system undoubtedly contributed to heady thoughts about the mysteries of brain and mind well into the nineteenth century. Materialism as a natural force, in contrast to spirituality, was gaining traction. The German chemist Jacob Moleschott had proclaimed in 1852, "Ohne Phosphor, kein Gedanke" (Without phosphorus there can be no thought).4 This provocative and widely quoted statement was likely an intentional attack on spiritualism. According to a periodical account from 1887, the Harvard biology professor Louis Agassiz, a famous paleontologist and world authority on fish species, took Moleschott's dictum a bit science | bernard agranoff


Discusses tools that aid in the development, assessment and reengineering of language descriptions (i.e. syntactic descriptions of a language). We develop assessment tools that give an indication as to what is wrong with an existing language description, and give hints towards its correction. From a correct and complete language description, it is possible to generate a parser, a manual and online documentation. The parser is geared towards reengineering purposes, but is also used to parse the examples that are contained in the documentation. The reengineered language description is a basic ingredient for a reengineering factory that can manipulate this language. The described tool support can also be used to develop a language standard without syntax errors in the language description and its code examples.


The relevance theory proposed by Sperber and Wilson on the premise that communication
depends on cognition and the communication principle is only obtained if the addresser
and addressee understand the context. The continuity of communication flows in
accordance with how the relevance principle is utilized. The relevance principle must be
owned by every participant of the conversation by assuming that other speakers have tried
to be as relevant as possible. Using the relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson, the author
attempted to analyze Pandji Pragiwaksono's speech in his Stand Up Comedy Concert titled
"Mesakke Bangsaku" on 21 December 2013 at Taman Ismail Marzuki, Cikini, Central
Jakarta. Stand Up Comedy is known as an intellectual comedy because both comics and
audiences require extensive and relevant knowledge to make comedy feel more alive and
make laughter. The formulation of the research problem summarized from this
phenomenon is how Pandji's speech causing the laughter of the audiences can be explained
its relevance. This research aims to explain the contextual linkages and implicatures in the
Pandji's speech. To achieve the result according to the research problem and the expected
purpose, this research uses descriptive method of qualitative approach. Briefly, this
research obtained results showing that there are relevance tactics and contextual changes
in the material presented by the comic. Thus, these demand the audiences to use intuitive
relevance reinforced by the effects of the context in order to get the climax of humor. In
addition, the implicatures contained in the Pandji Pragiwaksono's speech are mostly satire
about the condition of Indonesian Nation.


The unique self-assembly behavior of the amphiphilic wheel-shaped polyanion [{K(H 2 O)} 3 {Ru(p-cymene)(H 2 O)} 4 -P 8 W 49 O 186 (H 2 O) 2 ] 27- (1) in binary mixed solvents of water and various organic solvents is reported. Polyanion 1 does not undergo supramolecular assembly formation in water/ acetone solutions with acetone contents below 55 vol.-%. However, in solutions with acetone contents of 55-80 vol.-%, vesicle-like structures were observed by light scattering and further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The average size of the vesicles decreases with increasing acetone contents. Similar results were found in water/THF and water/acetonitrile binary solvents. This relation between assembly size and solvent composition contradicts the self-assembly of all other polyanions reported to date, which all follow the charge-regulation mechanism. However, for various binary solvents containing 75 vol.-% organic solvents (acetonitrile, ethanol, 2-propanol, THF, dioxane), the assembly sizes of 1 decrease with increasing dielectric constants of the solvents, which is again consistent with the charge-regulation mechanism. This unique solution behavior of 1 could be partially due to possible involvement of the hydrophobic organic p-cymene ligands in the self-assembly process.


Intracore fiber Bragg grating sensors capable of t d y measuring distributed strain within the grating length, are reported for the fîrst tirne. Three rnethods are developed: the phase-based, intensity-based and Fourier transform techniques. All are used to decipher the optical response of the sensor and convert it into a strain prome measurement . Intra-grating strain measurements are demonstrated by determining the strain field caused by severd devised mechanical structures: in the t hrough-thet hickness direction of a Gshaped graphite/epoxy specirnen, in close pro>cimity to a hole in an aluminum plate, and dong a cantilevered beam with slots miUed through the crosssection. Issues relating to the accuracy of the Fourier transform relationship in fiber Bragg gratings are discussed. Numerical simulations using a transfer rnatrix solution to the coupled mode equations, relating to the accuracy of the strain measurernent are presented. A tunable Iaser diode syçtem to interrogate the fiber Bragg sensor is deveioped; àifferent methods of sensing are identified in this scenario. F indy , a novel implementation of Bragg intra-grating controi using a segmented piezoelectric st ack for straint uning was demonst rat ed; the fiber Bragg grating was surface bonded to the piezoelectrïc stack. Different optical functionality and filter shaping was demonstrated with fiber Bragg gr atings. Dedicated to my mother and father.


To review the predisposing factors of testicular torsion, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. There were 34 patients in China-Japan union hospital of Jilin university from Jan 2000 to Nov 2008. The clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Orchiectomy was performed in 24 patients, orchiopexy was performed in 10 patients, 3 patients developped atrophic testis at half-a-year follow-up, 1 patient developped atrophic testis at one-year follow-up, 1 patient developped atrophic testis at one year and a half follow-up, the other 5 patients had the normal development with the same testis' size and texture as other contemporaries upon follow-up. Timely diagnosis and treatment should be given to testicular torsion with 6 hours. The best treatment is surgical exploration for patient suspected testicular torsion. If the operation is not completed in time, the results are severe: orchiectomy, testicular atrophy after orchiopexy.


For organic crop production, well-characterised varieties increase the possibilities for controlling diseases and weeds and compensating for deficits in nutrients. Variation in grain yield was studied in about 150 spring barley varieties and variety mixtures and 20 combinations of location, growing system and year. Choice of variety was found to be as important a factor for grain yield as other factors in the management. Some variety mixtures out yielded even the best variety in the mixture, when this was grown in pure stand. Finally, a concept for organic variety testing of spring barley was developed. This Danish project is part of a European COST Network on sustainable low-input cereal production (SUSVAR) which coordinates studies in different countries on variety mixtures, composite crosses and variety testing.


3130 Background: Enhanced and altered signaling at tyrosinkinase receptors (TKR) as abl, c-kit and PDGF-R (receptors) influences tumor growth in a number of solid malignancies. The drug Imatinib is able to reduce cell proliferation by blocking these TKR. Expression patterns of TKR and their impact on growth control in ovarian cancer are investigated. Also the potential therapeutic role of Imatinib for ovarian cancer is examined in vitro.

METHODS
The ovarian cancer cell lines BG-1, HEY, OVCAR 3, OVCAR 8 and SK-OV 3 are screened for abl, c-kit, PDGF-R-α and -β expression by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Cell lines are incubated 3, 5 and 7 days with rising concentrations of single Imatinib, single Paclitaxel and single Paraplatin. Also combinations of Imatinib with Paclitaxel and Imatinib with Paraplatin are used. Finally ovarian cancer cells are incubated with triple combination of Imatinib, Paclitaxel and Paraplatin. After incubation drug sensibility assays (proliferation and apoptosis) are performed.

RESULTS
Abl and PDGF-R-β are expressed in all cell lines. PDGF-R-α is deteceted in BG-1, Skov 3, OVCAR 3 and weakly in OVCAR 8. C-kit expression is only detected in Skov-3 and OVCAR 3. High dose Imatinib incubation (>15 μM for 72 h) leads to receptor independent decrease of cell numbers (IC 50) and pro-apoptotic effects in all cell lines. 72 h combinations of low dose Imatinib (≤ 2 μM) with Paraplatin (IC50), as well as triple combination of Imatinib (≤ 2 μM) with Paclitaxel (IC25) and Paraplatin (IC25) show synergistic effects. Imatinib (≤ 2 μM) in combination with Paclitaxel (IC50) has an additive effect. The chemo-sensitizing effect of low dose Imatinib appears to be mediated by multiple factors, but is enhanced in c-kit positive cell lines (OVCAR 3 and Skov-3).

CONCLUSIONS
High dose Imatinib leads to unspecific growth inhibition in ovarian cancer cell lines. Additive and even synergistic anti-cancer effects of Imatinib are seen in combination with cytostatic drugs as Paraplatin and Paclitaxel. Further interactions of Imatinib with PDGF-R and c-kit need to be investigated. Additional pre-clinical and clinical studies have to be performed to confirm results in vivo. [Table: see text].


The origin of the barrier to internal rotation in the ethane molecule is explored in terms of elementary molecular orbital (MO) considerations. Emphasis is placed on the antibonding effect, i.e. the result that an antibonding MO is more destabilized than its bonding counterpart is stabilized, relative to the parent atomic orbitals (AOs). It is shown that, in the case of two equivalent AOs, this effect is approximately proportional to the square of the overlap integral. By constructing the ethane Mos from those of two methyl fragments, it is shown that the most important orbital energy changes consequent upon rotation about the C-C bond can be expressed in terms of the antibonding effect arising from the filled twofold-degenerate p-bonding and -antibonding MOs. This can be reduced to the dependence on the rotation angle of the vicinal H-H overlap integrals, which are calculated explicitly, showing that the antibonding effect is minimised in the staggered conformation.


Objective: To study effects of conventional and newer anti epileptic drugs (AEDs) on reproductive endocrine and sexual functions in men with epilepsy. Background: Studies have revealed that AED therapy may lead to sex hormone changes and sexual dysfunction in male patients. However there are few studies which included both older and newer anti epileptics. Also, to our knowledge, the effects of AEDs on sexual function in men with epilepsy have not been studied in Indian population. We planned this study to characterize the effects of AEDs on men with epilepsy in our setting. Design/Methods: This was a prospective study which included 81 male patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy who were not on treatment for more than 1 month. We evaluated both clinical and laboratory parameters in these patients. Morning blood samples were obtained to assess levels of hormones - luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone (T) and estradiol. Follow up samples were drawn after a period of 3 months. Gonadal efficiency (T/LH) was calculated for each subject. Sexual dysfunction score was calculated at baseline and after 3 months. Results: Mean age of subjects was 28.90±9.43 years. Out of 81 patients 29, 19, 23, 5 and 5 were on carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate, oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam monotherapy respectively. There was increase in level of estradiol, fall in LH levels, and worsening of sexual function from baseline in patients on carbamazepine monotherapy. Sexual function also worsened in phenytoin group. Patients on valproate monotherapy showed some worsening of sexual function without significant change in gonadal efficiency. No significant effect was noted with oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam. Conclusions: Carbamazepine, phenytoin and valproate caused sexual and/or reproductive endocrine dysfunction in men with epilepsy. Oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam did not have any significant effect on the same. Disclosure: Dr. Kharbanda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Suryawanshi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sachdeva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goyal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lal has nothing to disclose.


To resolve the difficulty of fair packet scheduling caused by bandwidth uneven distribution with time slot(BUDTS) in adaptive modulation wireless system,a novel fair packet scheduling algorithm,maximum rate scheduling with fairness constraint(MRSFC),was proposed.With the service fairness index guaranteed within a certain bound,the algorithm allocates channel to the user with as higher received SNR as possible and selects appropriate modulation scheme.Instead of original Gilbert-Elliot channel model,a finite state Markov channel model was used for analysis of adaptive modulation wireless system.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance of system throughput and spectral efficiency than the original algorithm,and that a tradeoff between fairness and spectral efficiency can be flexibly achieved in the algorithm.


Wave run-up on a rubble mound breakwater is investigated. Prototype measurements are carried out on the Zeebrugge breakwater. Two 2D (1:30) and one 3D (1:40) scale models are tested. Measured prototype storms are simulated and parametric tests are performed. Wave run-up is detected by a novel step gauge allowing to detect wave run-up more accurately. In prototype, wave run-up is measured by two different measuring devices: a so-called 'spiderweb system' and a run-up gauge. Both instruments yield comparable results. A clear difference between prototype measurement and physical modelling results is noticed. Also differences between the results of the different laboratories are seen. Various factors leading to these differences are highlighted.


Starting from the tectonic evolution of the basin,authors expound the controlling role of the tectonic evolution of the basin upon factors closely associated with uranium metallogenesis in the basing such as the structure of the basin,filling sequence of cover deposit,hydrologic conditions and the mobilization and migration of uranium etc.It is suggested that the basin structure created favorable conditions for uranium ore-formation in Chagannuoer basin,it also controlled the genetic types of uranium mineralization,the distribution area and development intensity of uranium mineralization in the basin.Features of tectonic evolution resulted in the development of two type uranium mineralizations in the basin,i e.phreatic oxidation and local interlayer oxidation types.


The differences between database and data warehouse is analyzed.The key technology of creating data warehouse is discussed.Data extraction is the most important process in creating data warehouse because it decides if efficient data mining can be made.The Chinese bank has collected vast data.So data warehouse should be created to find valuable information for supporting decision-making process.Finally,a management system is described which is used to scrub data before creating data warehouse of the bank.


Bacteriophages are key components of gut microbiomes, yet the phage colonization process in the infant gut remains uncertain. Here, we established a large phage sequence database and used strain-resolved analyses to investigate phage succession in infants throughout the first three years of life. Analysis of 819 fecal metagenomes collected from 28 full-term and 24 preterm infants and their mothers revealed that early-life phageome richness increased over time and reached adult-like complexity by age three. Approximately 9% of early phage colonizers, mostly maternally transmitted and infecting Bacteroides, persisted for three years and were more prevalent in full-term than in preterm infants. Although rare, phages with stop codon reassignment were more likely to persist than non-recoded phages and generally displayed an increase in in-frame re-assigned stop codons over three years. Overall, maternal seeding, stop codon reassignment, host CRISPR-Cas locus prevalence, and diverse phage populations contribute to stable viral colonization.


Abstract Hamre, D. and M. Beem (DepL Pediatrics, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, III. 60637). Virologic studies of acute respiratory disease in young adults. V. Coronavirus 229E infections during six years of surveillance. Am J Epidemiol 96: 94–106, 1972.—In a surveillance study of acute respiratory disease in medical students that spanned six consecutive seasons between 1961 and 1968 and encompassed 937 student years of observation, infection with coronavirus 229E was identified by virus isolation and serologic studies. Virus isolation identified 12 infections, 8 in one season, 4 in another. Complement fixing (CF) antibody titer rises identified 133 infections that occurred in all six seasons of surveillance, involving from 15 to 35% of students in three seasons of "high" prevalence, and 1 to 5% in intervening seasons of "low" prevalence. Infection occurred in a winter-spring seasonal pattern and was associated with acute respiratory illness that was not clinically distinctive. Neutralizing antibody to 229E was commonly present in the sera of the students. The level of this did not appear to influence the occurrence of, or likelihood of illness with, reinfection as judged by CF seroconversion; however, the frequency of significant rise in neutralizing antibody titer with reinfection was inversely related to pre-infection levels of this antibody. Infection with other common respiratory viruses did not stimulate significant CF or neutralizing antibody titer rises to 229E.


This paper is an analysis of the authors' measurement of the height,weight,waist and hip of aerobics exercis- ers and an observation of the effect of the measurement to such body-building exercises.Through some experiments and their observation of PE aerobics major female college students and their study of a number of related documents,the au- thors make a comparison between the differences of such students' WHR and BMI before and after their successive train- ing of aerobics exercises more than half a year,and hold that there is an reduction in the body-building exercisers' WHR and BMI for such a training do change their body composition in that the authors find a decrease in aerobics exer- cisers' WHR,in their body fat and their weight but an increase in their LBM,a fitness of their BMI and an obvious im- provement of their physical diathesis.


Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II catalyzes the transcription of DNA into mRNA very efficiently and with an extremely low error rate with regard to matching base and sugar moiety. Despite its importance, little is known about how it discriminates against 2′-deoxy NTPs during the chemical reaction. To investigate the differences in the addition reactions of ATP and dATP, we used FF-MD and QM/MM calculations within a nudged elastic band approach, which allowed us to find the energetically accessible reaction coordinates. By converging the QM size, we found that 800 QM atoms are necessary to properly describe the active site. We show how the absence of a single hydrogen bond between the enzyme and the NTP 2′-OH group leads to an increase of the reaction barrier by 16 kcal/mol and therefore conclude that Arg446 is the key residue in the discrimination process. ■ INTRODUCTION RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the eukaryotic enzyme catalyzing the transcription of protein-coding genes into a complementary chain of ribonucleotides. When Pol II reads the DNA template and synthesizes the new RNA strand, a highly accurate transfer of genetic information is essential for the process of life. During transcription, Pol II discriminates against noncomplementary ribonucleotide triphosphates (nc-rNTPs) as well as against 2′and 3′-deoxy nucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) with a transcription error rate of 10−5 per nucleotide. Possible discrimination in the preinsertion site has been discussed, but the relevant residues have not been revealed. In the insertion site, recognition of base and sugar is achieved by a sensitive network of hydrogen bonds between NTP and different parts of the active site. The trigger loop (TL), a mobile element that closes the active site after NTP entry, forms NTP contacts and was found to improve discrimination by kinetic selection and/or catalysis. Pol II discrimination against nc-rNTPs is mainly based on Watson−Crick base pairing. Mismatched NTPs are misaligned within the active site and collide with the closing TL. It is not entirely clear how discrimination against 3′dNTPs is achieved. The mechanism might involve a contact to Gln1078, which is needed to reach a catalytically active conformation. Discrimination against 3′dNTPs is much less effective than against 2′dNTPs, but incorporation would lead to strand termination and 3′dNTPs usually do not occur in vivo. 2′dNTPs on the other hand do occur regularly, as they form DNA, and discrimination against 2′dNTPs is very effective (∼50000). Three residues have been identified in Pol II (and bacterial RNA Polymerase), that could be responsible for discrimination against 2′dNTPs via H-bond to 2′-oxygen: Asn479 (Asn β′737), Arg446 (Arg β′704), and Gln1078 (Gln β′1235). Although there are mutation studies for the mentioned residues, the details of how a mutation affects discrimination remain unclear. The mutation might disrupt the sensitive H-bond network which leads to a slightly different orientation of other important residues, resulting in less effective discrimination, even though the mutated residue did not form a critical contact itself. Therefore, mutation studies are typically not sufficient to explain the discrimination process on the molecular level or why a simple H-bond results in such selectivity. However, multiple steps of discrimination against 2′dNTPs have been discussed, and kinetic studies as well as theoretical studies revealed that selection against 2′dNTPs occurs mainly during the chemical step. X-ray structures of reaction intermediates require modifications to stop the reaction at a specific step, possibly leading to artificial states. In order to provide reliable insights, the reaction was simulated and further investigated in computational studies. The mechanism has been assumed to follow the general two-ion mechanism also found for other nucleic acid polymerases: The terminal ORNA is deprotonated by a general base to attack PNTP, and the leaving pyrophosphate is protonated by a general acid. Previous theoretical studies aimed to elucidate the general base/acid and to validate the two-ion mechanism also for Pol II. Zhu and Salahub employed stirred ReaxFF-MD on a backbone model of 250 atoms solvated by 400 water molecules. They found similar barriers for OH3′ deprotonation by a nearby Received: February 14, 2017 Published: March 8, 2017 Article


Extensive histological study revealed the impairment of bone remodeling caused by mechanical stress in OPN knockout mice in a tooth movement system. Analysis of OPN promoter transgenic mice showed the mechanical stress response element(s) in the 5.5‐kb upstream region. These results were also obtained with the primary cultured cells.


Evelien Dekker is a professor of Gastrointestinal Oncology at the University of Amsterdam's Faculty of Medicine (AMC-UvA), specialised in screening and diagnosing colorectal carcinoma. She joined the Academic Medical Center (AMC) in 2005 as a head of the multidisciplinary clinic for hereditary colorectal cancer. Her main clinical and research activities include population screening methods and surveillance for colorectal cancer, quality and advanced technical developments within colonoscopy, treatment of colorectal polyps and the early stages of intestinal cancer, polyposis syndromes and hereditary intestinal cancer. She is a member of the Board of Directors of Procolo, a center of expertise for colonoscopy in close collaboration with AMC. She has been intensively involved in the Dutch national screening programme for colorectal cancer, for which she was awarded in 2013 a honourable prize, the ZonMw (the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development) Pearl. In this unique and comprehensive interview with Prof. Dekker, she discusses the Dutch colorectal cancer screening programme. We believe that a glance into this programme may give inspiration to others and, last but not least, may help improve the quality of screening and non screening colonoscopies in the daily practice.


Hepatic disease is a public health problem because of the devastation it causes to people. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of a plant, such as Lophira lanceolata , commonly used in the treatment of liver diseases in Benin. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts according to traditional use revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponosids, anthocyanins, free anthracene derivated, leucoanthocyanins, quinone derivated and reducing compounds. Chemical analysis dosage of phenolic compounds has shown that the ethanolic extract of Lophira lanceolata 's leaves was rich in total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins than the aqueous extract. The evaluation of the antioxidant activities by the DPPH and the ferric Reduction antioxydant power (FRAP) tests showed that the ethanolic extract of Lophira lanceolata 's leaves is more active than the aqueous extract. The larval toxicity test on Artemia salina indicate that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lophira lanceolata are practically non-toxic. That can justify its use to the treatment of liver diseases by populations in Benin.


Cassia species have been of keen interest in phytochemicals and pharmacological research due to their excellent medicinal values. Different classes of natural products, possessing potent physiological and pharmacological activities have been isolated from Cassia nodosa. These included anthracene derivatives, flavonoids and polysaccharides. Some of these compounds have been shown their antifertility activity. In this research article, we reported the isolation, purification of flavonoid from different parts of C. nodosa and their antifertility activity. A new flavonoid kaempferol7-O-glucoside was identified, characterized and it showed significant antifertility activity. The higher levels of total flavonoid were measured in flowers of C. nodosa (1.39 mg/gdw). Similarly higher levels of total qurecetin (F+B) were measured in flowers of C. nodosa (0.42 mg/gdw). Higher levels of total kaempferol (F+B) was measured in flowers of C. nodosa (0.68 mg/gdw). Similarly higher levels of kaempferol-7-O-glucoside were measured in flowers of C. nodosa (0.29 mg/gdw). Kaempferol-7-O-glucoside feeding to rats significantly reduced sperm concentration of testes and epididymisdes (P<0.001). The motility of the cauda epididymal sperm was also reduced significantly (P<0.001). The isolate kaempferol-7-O-glucoside reduced the fertility of male rats by 95%.


This paper investigates sovereign debt sustainability in open economies where the domestic government borrows both from domestic and foreign investors. Domestic debt repayment hinges on the government's ability to prevent domestic losses either by defaulting selectively or by bailing out perfectly domestic agents. When the government imperfectly obsrves portfolios and when these portfolios are heterogenous, costless default precluded and bailouts provide only partial insurance against the default. At the same time, this partial insurance makes domestic debt less risky for domestic investors and, in turn, equilibrium domestic holdings incentivize debt repayment and allow for external borrowing. Furthermore, capital controls make the government more accountable by retaining home domestic savings, but at the cost of a lack of country diversication, even if the sovereign can hedge against domestic shocks in the international market.


Abstract Experimental studies shown that the use of an electron beam sweep in order to improve the quality of formation of a welded joint allows to transform a vapor-gas channel into a stable fusion penetration cavity along the entire depth of the weld. The presence of the cavity opens up new possibilities for the control and management of electron beam welding. In this work, the authors propose a new method for monitoring the position of welded parts butt based on the working current and X-ray radiation from the fusion penetration cavity formed during longitudinal and transverse scanning of the butt by using an electron beam with an appropriate sweep shape. A mathematical model of the method is developed, which makes it possible to study the sensor characteristics is developed.


Objective: to define the features of coordinating preparedness of pupils of primary school age. Methods and organization studies. The study used the following methods: method of theoretical analysis and synthesis of the literature, the study of documentary materials, teacher observation and timing of studies; method of control tests, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment 60 students participated: 20 — 2 classes, 20 — 3 classes, 20 — 4 classes.Conclusions. In the primary school age girls are taller than boys, the level display of static balance and dynamic balance performance growth over boys girls. The obtained data the age of coordination abilities point to the need to develop methods differentiated physical education of children of primary school age. Children are not involved in sports and have a medium and low rates of physical fitness, is to focus on improving personal performance.


e-Government services are emerging rapidly in the developing world. Many countries use e-Government as an enabling tool to increase efficiency, enhance transparency, collect more revenue and facilitate public sector reform. Five factors are critical for the successful implementation of such services, which include political commitment to the reform process, availability of information communications technology (ICT) infrastructure, institutional capacity, underlying legal framework related to electronic administration and last but not least, e-Government strategic planning. This paper investigates the level of electronic readiness in five South-Eastern European (SEE) countries towards planning and managing e-Government public services in the region. Furthermore, it delivers a country-specific review of e-Government strategy and regulatory framework and presents assessment results on the implementation progress and the level of sophistication that e-Government services have reached in the five SEE countries under investigation.


The scope of negative words,including the simple negator "不" and the compound negators "从不","很不","不能","不会",are paid more attention in linguistics.However,many researches are focused on the negation scope in single sentence.In this paper,we find out some formal rules about the negation scope in compound sentences.It will be worthy to automatic syntax analysis of long sentences and machine translation.


The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that prolactin is involved in puberty onset by comparing changes in serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations between weaning age and puberty in normal rats and in rats in which puberty was delayed by means of adrenalectomy at 22 days of age. In intact rats a consistent elevation in serum PRL was observed between 28 and 30 days of age (a rise from a mean of 8.4 ±1.4 ng/ml PRL to 24.6 ± 2.4 ng/ml PRL). After adrenalectomy at 22 days of age there was a depression of PRL lasting several hours. This was followed by an elevation which persisted for the next 48 h. The PRL elevation observed in intact rats between days 28–30 was absent in rats adrenalectomized at 22 days of age. Associated with the absence of the elevation in serum PRL, there was a delay in vaginal opening and ovulation of 4 to 5 days. Replacement therapy with corticosterone in the drinking water (80 μg/ml) resulted in normal vaginal opening and ovulation times but failed to restore the prolacti...


The scope of this paper is to identify the most commonly adapted techniques of power tampering. We detect the tampering methods by means of respective embedded circuit and intimate it to the electricity board via sound buzzer alert, our microcontroller circuit controlling one relay which is transmitting power supply from main meter to sub meter if somebody tempered meter m/c switch of current supply. M/c display all the consumption unit of both meters on LCD. This tampering information is transmitted to electricity board via transmitter and receiver module which with further advancement can take a proper action to save electricity.


Diversity is an important property of cultural behavior. In the archaeological record, diversity is a product not only of behavior but of organizational factors as well. Interaction of these factors produces the relationship between diversity and assemblage size increasingly documented by archaeologists. Ethnoarchaeological data and appropriate theory provide an explanation for size:diversity relationships. Assemblage formation is a sampling process operating over sets of discard events, and assemblage size is a measure of degree of sampling. Size:diversity relationships express the effects of sample size upon assemblage diversity. As a family of functions, ize:diversity relationships vary in slope and form. Archaeological data document some of this variability, which is linked in a test case to organizational properties of successive Paleo-Indian cultures in eastern North America.


OBJECTIVE
Photobiomodulation (PBM) can modulate the proliferation of some types of stem cells. However, few reports have addressed the effects of PBM delivered by light-emitting diode (LED) on stem cells obtained from the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PBM delivered by red LED (630 nm, 75 mW, 37 mW/cm2) with different radiant exposures on the cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, and senescence of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cultures were irradiated with LED (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 J/cm2). After 24 h, the cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential of the cultures were evaluated using flow cytometry. Nonirradiated cultures served as control.

RESULTS
Cultures irradiated with 16 J/cm2 had higher percentages of cells in the synthesis phase than control cultures (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found regarding the percentage of cells with viable mitochondria between irradiated and control cultures. No significant difference in cell senescence was found between control cultures and cultures irradiated with 2 or 16 J/cm2.

CONCLUSIONS
LED irradiation at 630 nm (37 mW/cm2, 75 mW) with radiant exposure of 16 J/cm2 was capable of inducing a proliferative response in stem cells from the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth without affecting mitochondrial function or inducing senescence.


Background The causative agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum, is a highly invasive chronic pathogen. Here we used bioinformatics and structural biology to characterize the sole LRR-containing protein in T. pallidum, Tp0225. In other bacterial pathogens, Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR)-containing proteins contribute to chronicity by mediating attachment, invasion and immune evasion. Methods A phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the evolutionary relationship between Tp0225 and LRR homologs from pathogenic and non-pathogenic treponemes. The size and organization of Tp0225 protein domains were analyzed by comparing them to the domains of the treponemal homologs. For structure determination, the full-length recombinant protein was purified, crystallized, and the three dimensional structure determined using X-ray crystallography. Results Bioinformatic analyses showed that Tp0225 has diverged more from non-pathogens compared to pathogens during evolution. The structure of Tp0225 demonstrated that the protein adopts a non-classical LRR fold and contains a hydrophobic pocket on the surface of the structure. This unusual LRR characteristic is similar to the hydrophobic pocket found on the surface of the human Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) LRR domain that recognizes T. pallidum during infection. Conclusion We have determined the structure of the only LRR-containing protein in T. pallidum and have shown that it contains an unusual LRR structural feature that is shared with the host innate immune signaling molecule TLR2. This structural mimicry may be involved in subversion of normal host processes during T. pallidum infection. Disclosure No significant relationships.


A descriptive equation for isostatic movements in large areas such as the Fennoscandian shield is presented, among others, relating to the time-rate of departures from isostatic equilibria certain variables, including thickness of the asthenosphere, to density, and its mean viscosity. The latter is taken as unaffected by tangential tensions, within the limits of reliability of the equation. Behavior of the Earth's crust under the given load, as in continental glaciations, the consequent isostatic adjustments, and their topographic, hydrogeological, and other expressions are rendered predictable accordingly, alongside some of the paleogeographical phenomena during and after the glaciation. -- IGR Staff.


The Russian Theater of the 1830s — 1840s is considered in this article as the Romantic Actor Theater. At the same time, Romanticism highlights, even protrudes special aspects and properties in the actor's theater. This is, first of all, the sacred right of the author, in this case the actor, to free artistic creativity and abrupt, neither by the requirements of life-worthiness, nor by the conventional boundaries between the stage and the auditorium, nor by the genre of the play-scenario, is it a limited subjectivity, and sometimes frank the lyricism of the stage creations, and, finally, the secret or overt, but ineradicable "separation" of the creative romantic genius from the momentary fruits of his work.


Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often resistant to the employment opportunities offered by skilled graduates.

The Centre for Lifelong Learning at Brunel University ran a two-year project aimed at encouraging local SMEs to consider unemployed graduates as suitable new employees through short-term placements.

The concept of workplace-based learning was introduced into firms by the graduates acting as strategic change agents.

A valuable learning experience can be gained by both small firms and graduates searching for work experience through the brokerage role of a university.

There is a limit to the impact of external factors in generating organizational changes in small firms.

Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, reported a proverbial cup-halfempty or half-full result: when provided with the ICD–10 PHC mental health guidelines, a group of 14 general practitioners (GPs) (volunteers) 'showed no improvement in overall detection of mental health problems, in accuracy of diagnosis or the prescription of antidepressants' (Upton et al, 1999). There was, however, a significant increase in the number of patients diagnosed with depression or unexplained somatic symptoms. Among the invited comments that were published alongside this first Bristol study were remarks such as, 'At first glance . . . one is tempted to say that it merely tells us what we think we already know, namely that GPs are poor at detecting and treating depression'. Anyone reading the new Bristol study reported in this issue could be forgiven for a slight feeling of deja vu ́ ` , in that Croudace et al (2003, this issue) have given the GPs of Bristol another working-over in a bigger and better-designed study, with the same largely negative result. Is the same disappointing general conclusion still justified? To some extent the answer has to be yes, but there are important differences in the two studies. This time the study was not limited to GPs who were positive volunteers, and it included a comparison group of GPs who were not provided with the extra information. A brief quality-of-life assessment (of the patients) was also included. Technically, the study was a cluster randomised controlled trial involving several sophisticated statistical checks and procedures (which only the statistically minded can understand). The important issue of getting the GPs involved in some kind of active educational activity was dealt with by inviting 1 GP from each of the 15 intervention practices to join an editorial team which revised, amended and extended the ICD–10 PHC 1996 guidelines, so that the GPs would feel that the resulting document was a shared-ownership model. That sounds like a good idea but, curiously enough, no attempt was made to check whether any of the intervention GPs actually used the guidelines in their daily work during the period of the study. In theory at least, some of the GPs could have left the guidelines unused in the desk drawer or on the shelf while they got on with their daily surgeries in the usual way. This second study concluded that the educational intervention had even less effect than in the first study. This may have been because the second study did not feature a special intensive study day for all the GPs involved. In the first study, structured role-play using the guidelines enabled the GPs to practise (under the eagle eye of Professor Sir David Goldberg) new consulting behaviours, as outlined in the guidelines. In the second study, however, for each participating practice a (presumably less-intensive) meeting was held between the research team and the GPs, at which the content and purpose of the guidelines were explained. This probably important difference was no doubt due to practical problems in setting up such a complete study day for the larger number of GPs involved in the second study (14 individuals in the first study, and all 56 GPs from 15 intervention practices in the second). The importance of detailed and personal involvement of all participating GPs was demonstrated, for instance, in the study by Tiemens et al (1999), which did find an improvement in the short-term outcome and level of daily functioning of general practice patients. The 17 GPs in this Dutch study had all taken part in eight training sessions of 2.5 hours each. This editorial is not the place to indulge in a systematic review of the many studies of how GPs react to extra stimulation about the psychiatric illnesses of their patients, but one conclusion stands out in the very varied results reported. This is that the useful effects of extra stimulation are always associated with the involvement of the GPs in something quite active, that is directly related to their interviewing behaviour. In other words, behavioural change is best achieved by means of behavioural intervention. 'You can take a horse to water but you can't make it drink' is too crude to be a summary conclusion of the many studies on this subject, but the old saw does at least serve as a reminder of some of the main problems and frustrations awaiting anyone planning further studies. We must also remember that, for a variety of reasons, not all patients with the lesssevere types of psychiatric disorder need (or wish) to be treated. In addition, it is possible that the studies reported up to now are missing a variety of subtle but still worthwhile effects that are of benefit to patients, but that are too difficult to measure. It is, of course, easy to go on thinking up reasons for the generally disappointing results of many of the published studies. Nevertheless, whatever the explanation, the patient–GP consultation as currently found in countries with well-developed health services appears to be remarkably resistant to attempts to change in this particular respect. Other background issues closely related to this whole topic were recently reviewed in the Journal (Chilvers et al, 2002). There are other ways of looking at this topic which anyone interested in planning further studies should consider. One way is to give more attention to the process of the patient–GP consultation, since up to now emphasis has been mainly upon measuring aspects of the input and the outcome. A similar way is to recommend what some would call a systems approach. To do this means stepping back from the immediate details and considering, in the complex of interactions that constitute an encounter between patient and GP, who does what to whom, and why. For instance, the GP has had a particular type of medical education and so has a personal concept of the functions of a GP; the content and the result of the consultation is also affected by what the patient wants, and what the patient thinks the GP can do and should do. All of these are also constrained by the time


The paper investigates the R&D impact on the financial value of the company. The first part focuses on the previous findings in the existing literature and the relationships between R&D and earnings, operational performance, revenue growth and market value, in order to evidence the high potential of change in terms of new indicators. The second part includes the empirical analysis using a sample of 103 companies which registered high values of R&D, between 1979 and 2013. Overall, we assume a positive impact of R&D on the corporate value, using a new variable that includes both decision and outcome features.


This study aimed to investigate the muscle fatigue and self-perceived exertion level on violin players before and after a training session. Fourteen professional violin players volunteered in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record the fatigue level of the upper trapezius muscles before and after a training session. Medium Frequency (MF) of the EMG signals was used to document the fatigue rate of this muscle. Regression analysis and paired sample t-tests revealed no significant difference in the slopes of MF on both sides of trapezius muscle, before and after the training sessions. However, the Borg Scale ratings of perceived exertion revealed significant increase in fatigue level (p=0.003) after the training session. The disparity in the subjective perception with the objective findings indicated that the violists' self-perceived exertion arises from multiple sources. The high prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal complaints (79%) in this group of players warrants further ergonomic investigation of possible work-related risk factors.


A novel over exposure (OE) correction method using Dark Channel Prior and image fusion technique is proposed in this work. Assuming an OE image can be modeled as a normal exposure image added up with a layer of asymmetrical haze, its submerged information in OE regions is enhanced by haze removal model. With image fusion technique, the obtained texture in OE regions is used to restore the over exposure. Experiments show that our method works well in submerged information restoration without increasing pseudo-information and over Saturation.


In modern office buildings, the common trend is to use state of the technology to ensure the users to get thermally comfortable in order to produce maximum work efficiency. From the statistical studies so far on comfort index vs. work efficiency of users, the most widely adopted index is the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). Based on this index, this work proposes a control scheme on neural network and fuzzy logic, for modifying the environmental conditions of a closed indoor space, by regarding not only the climatic indoor variables but also the activity level and clothing index of the space users. In this work along with temperature control the speed of the fan has also been taken into consideration.


The demonstration of the existence of God is one of the crucial issues of philosophy. Their study involves all areas and any of the methods of human thought, which faced the top has to give the best of themselves. A brief introduction to the philosophical Polo project will lead to criticism of the usual demonstrations of the existence of God and the exposure of the two arguments proposed by Polo. This exhibition is aimed at clarifying the intellectual and human performent of polian philosophy about God. It is concluded that both shows is valid and, despite this, the end of human personal existence has to do directly with the transcendental love.


The search for a reliable and non-invasive technique for the dating of rock art has produced an array of different, localised, and limited techniques. Still in its experimental stage, the recognition of quartz microdebitage surface features produced by the pecking of engravings is the aim of this research. The investigation established that microdebitage from rock engravings can be distinguished from other sedimentary material. Analysis of microdebitage derived from the experimental manufacture of rock engravings was used to determine the difference between lithic debris and naturally derived particles. This study discusses methodologies and applications for the recognition of quartz grain surface features, derived from experimental and natural material from Mutawintji National Park (Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia) and the Sydney region (New South Wales, Australia). Microdebitage from experimental rock engravings was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy to identify diagnostic attributes, with the objective of assessing the potential of microdebitage analysis for spatial and temporal investigations of archaeological and rock engraving sites. Characteristics of the quartz grains in the microdebitage were compared with quartz grains from differing environments. The observation of diagnostic surface features on quartz grains made it possible to discriminate between microdebitage from rock engravings and the natural soil background. This knowledge may be applied to material previously excavated from archaeological sites, or by sample drilling. The methods may be applied to identify episodes of rock engraving and other lithic activity. With the application of chronological techniques, microdebitage analysis can be added to other evidence of cultural activity.


This paper introduces a new frequency-dependent cable model for the simulation and analysis of electromagnetic transients. The model belongs to the traveling-wave class. The key feature of the proposed model is the correct representation of modal propagation function contributions in the phase domain. The challenge is in fitting modal contributions that are nonsmooth due to their eigenvectors. Since the nonsmooth behavior is associated with similar eigenvalues, the problem is solved by reducing the rank of the propagation matrix. The proposed new approach eliminates numerical instability problems that can be encountered in the universal line model.


Intermetallics adopt an array of crystal structures, boast diverse chemical compositions, and possess exotic physical properties that have led to a wide range of applications from the biomedical to aerospace industries. Despite a long history of intermetallic synthesis and crystal structure analysis, identifying new intermetallic phases has remained challenging due to the prolonged nature of experimental phase space searching or the need for fortuitous discovery. In this minireview, we discuss new approaches that build on the traditional methods for materials synthesis and characterization with a specific focus on realizing novel intermetallics. Indeed, advances in the computational modeling of solids using density functional theory in combination with structure prediction algorithms have led to new high-pressure phases, functional intermetallics, and aided experimental efforts. Further, the advent of data-centered methodologies has provided new opportunities to rapidly predict crystal structures, physical properties, and the existence of unknown compounds. Describing the research results for each of these examples in depth while also highlighting the numerous opportunities to merge traditional intermetallic synthesis and characterization with computation and informatics provides insight that is essential to advance the discovery of metal-rich solids.


Spring activities (emergence, feeding, mating, and oviposition) of adult white pine weevils, Pissodes strobi , were monitored weekly from late April to early July 1979. Weevils emerged from overwintering sites in late April. peaked in numbers per tree by mid-May, and none were found on host trees by early July. Activity peaked in early May and appeared to be thermo-photoperiodic. Greatest activity during the 4-h interval checktimes occurred in the late afternoon to early evening (1300 and 1700 h). Adults occupied upper-branch new growth during scotophase, but moved to branch stems during photophase. Weevils are negatively phototactic, and response time to different wavelengths of light varied during scotophase. The weevils occupied the leaders of host trees the first 2 weeks of monitoring. but toward season's end were found more often on first-whorl lateral branches. Length of current-year growth of leaders was influenced by magnitude of weevil damage. Highest levels of immature weevil damage resulted in leader mortality. Leaders that sustained an intermediate level of weevil damage remained alive; however, length of new growth was significantly less than leaders with almost no weevil damage.


This article reviews the development and evolvement of intellectual theory since 1980s. It analyzes the current trends and the implications of the development of the intellectual theories. It also predicts the future development and evolvement of intellectual theories.


As the title implies, the article studies Christoph Ransmayr's latest novel "Der fliegende Berg" (which is still not translated into Russian (or English)). The principle of relevance in a narrative, applied by Ch. Ransmayr, is defined here as neomodernism. The aim of the article is to explore the original poetics of the novel, which combines "flying prose" and "free verse rhythm". The article reveals the innovative character of organizing the content of the novelthe synthesis of reflection, irony and lyrics and with respect to poetics it is the blend of poetry and prose (Versepos).


This study adopted two-factor theory in measuring tourist satisfaction by using two separate questions of 'satisfaction' and 'dissatisfaction' with the overall travel experience. It tests the premise that "tourists who are not satisfied are dissatisfied and those who are satisfied are not dissatisfied" on the basis of one-factor theory of consumer satisfaction, suggesting that there exist "tourists who are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied" and "those who are both satisfied and dissatisfied." This implies that adopting the two-factor theory may be an advanced, more useful approach to study tourist satisfaction according to the research purposes and scopes.


We consider binary classification problems where each of the two classes show multi-modal distribution in the feature space. Inspired by existing ensemble learning methods for multi-class classification, we develop ensemble learning methods for binary classification that make use of the bipartite nature of the positive and negative modes in the data. By constructing ensembles that make use of the multi-modal structure within the two classes, as opposed to using random samples, we are able to ensure sufficient diversity among the classifiers and adequate representation of the modes in the learning of the classifiers. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble learning methods in comparison with existing approaches over a synthetic dataset and a real-world application involving global lake monitoring, over a broad range of base classifiers.


Fig. 3G: We mistakenly introduced an incomplete set of data and plotted these data as percentage of NS5A-v1 (100%) which was inconsistent with Fig. 3E which was plotted as percentage of NS5A-Nim (100%). The data set presented corresponded to only one experiment, while the transactivation levels and replication efficiencies of the constructs presented in the rest of the manuscript corresponded to an average of 3 independent experiments. Therefore, we corrected Fig. 3G by inserting the complete set of data (average of 3 experiments, instead of 1 experiment) and, to be consistent with Fig. 3E, by replotting this data set using a percentage of NS5A-Nim (100%) for the replication efficiency instead of a percentage of NS5A-v1. In addition, the figure legend was clarified by adding the source of all constructs represented in the graph, including the two swapped chimeras. We also clarified the y and x axes and the origin of each data point by using a letter code. This letter code is explained in the corrected legend. shown below.


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: actual levels of signal components sent to each of co-channel base stations in zone of wireless network testing are measured without service interruption and are assigned to according (emitting) base stations in presence of intrachannel noise and neighbouring channels noise. This invention is based on approach, according to which zones measurements are made, and measurements of relative time of arrival (RTOA) of signal components are used as a reference independently on existence of discrepancy of scanner and base stations phases. EFFECT: increased reliability and accuracy of signal source components identification in zone with multiple signal sources. 21 cl, 4 dwg


This chapter explains the need for a new dimension in the evaluation of the benefits of information technology where the technology has impact is on the broader society rather than just on the organization that implements it.In the early 1990s, when DeLone and McLean (1992) developed their framework, the benefits described were intra-organizational. A decade later, many major IT systems directly impact on the society within which they function. This is the especially true of systems designed to provide the interface between government and the private sector. Additionally, the procurement environment is increasingly becoming more complex for practitioners with new e-marketplace developments.This case illustrates specific peculiarities and constraints on public sector use of e-marketplaces. It provides an evaluation framework that can be used by public sector organizations when examining the adoption and evaluation of e-marketplace procurement that emphasizes the experimental nature of many e-commerce related projects.


The work of [1] is continued and the topological structures of system x = rx2 (l - ) - sy, y = xy () are discussed.