Every day thousands of Londoners are being exposed to dangerous levels of air pollution, with an estimated 9,500 of Londoners dying prematurely as a result. However, the urgency of this issue is often neglected due to the invisibility of pollutants among us. In order to support environmental organisations such as Greenpeace Camden, a push towards the increase of public awareness is essential when tackling air pollution. We present VisuaLife, an engaging campaign which aims to visualise air pollution in the form of t-shirts displayed in an exhibition. The exhibition will act as a platform for discussion among all residents and empower Greenpeace Camden to call for environment-friendly changes among politicians and industry leaders.


To the Editor:\p=m-\Amongmiddle aged men it is rather uncommon to see a man who is both bald and gray. He is either bald, without grayness in the fringe of hair at the back of his head and at the temples, or he is gray with a good supply of hair all over his head. If he is both gray and bald it will be found that the baldness usually came first. Premature aging is likely to be present in such instances. Fairly young men may be gray or bald without other physical evidences of premature aging. A man may be quite old with numerous evidences of extreme senility and yet be neither gray nor bald. For a number of years laboratory workers have noted that animals kept on synthetic diets became more or less gray and that the color of the hair returned to normal after certain of the so-called factors of vitamin B complex were added to the diets. Ralli and her associates placed a group of rats on diets deficient in the "filtrate factor" of vitamin B complex. Some of these rats were given only a small amount of sodium chlo¬ ride; the others were given large amounts of sodium chloride. The fur of the rats on the low salt intake became gray, on the average, fifty-five days earlier than did that of the animals on the high salt diet. While graying of the hair may be due to a vitamin deficiency, there is no evidence as yet to indicate that baldness is due to the same cause or causes as grayness. Whatever the cause of gray hair, it seems evident that it is not the same as the cause of baldness. There is another type of grayness observed in the man who is gray at the temples only ; he is rarely bald, but the hair at the top of his head may be thinner than normal. It is unusual


1541 Background: The current literature is divided as to whether or not breast cancer (BC) is a feature of Lynch syndrome (LS). The aim of this analysis was to investigate the prevalence of BC in patients with mutations in the individual mismatch repair (MMR) genes that cause LS. Methods: A retrospective review of patients' personal and family history of cancer was performed on patients with LS-causing mutations. All patients that underwent full sequencing and/or large rearrangement testing for mutations in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 or EPCAM at Myriad Genetic Laboratories between September 2006 and October 2013 were included. Patients were excluded if they only had single site testing for a known LS mutation or if they were known to have a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. A Pearson chi-square test was performed to determine if the prevalence of breast cancer was significantly different among individual MMR genes. Exact confidence limits for binomial proportions were then computed. Results: A total of 5,638 patien...


Improving women's agency, namely their ability to define goals and act on them, is crucial for advancing gender equality and the empowerment of women. Yet, existing frameworks for measuring women's...


The aim of this study was to evaluate if the carotenoid content of Italian tomatoes is affected by factors such as the geographical area in which the plants are cultivated, harvest time, tomato typology and ripening stage. Three Italian tomato varieties were sampled in different geographical locations throughout Italy in the summer and winter months. Significant differences were found in the lycopene, β-carotene and phytoene contents as a function of tomato variety with the highest carotenoid levels recorded for cherry tomatoes. In relation to the geographic location the only significant differences were lycopene content in salad tomatoes. The harvesting period influenced carotenoid composition, but a definite seasonal trend was not observed. During the summer the lycopene content was higher in summer-harvested tomatoes than in winter-harvested ones, for both cluster and cherry typologies. In relation to the harvesting season, no significant differences were found for the lycopene content in salad tomatoes, while the β-carotene content was significantly different. Ripening stage influenced lycopene and β-carotene levels in all the varieties considered; significant differences in the phytoene values were found in cherry tomatoes. The highest carotenoid levels were recorded in fully ripe cherry tomatoes.


Liquid ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (LC-MS); Table 1. Conclusions: Multiple specific metabolites have been identified in Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. The techniques for identification are non-invasive, instant and can be used to create specific profiles for CD and UC. A prospective longitudinal study is required to identify prognostic markers and predictors of response to medical therapies.


Although a predominant scientifi c theory exists on how nicotine leads to dependence, further study is needed to explore the relationships between genetic, environmental, and social infl uences on dependence. This concluding chapter summarizes how tobacco genetics may affect basic and clinical research and provides summaries and recommendations for each part of the monograph and cross-cutting recommendations for the entire volume. ■ Continued research on genetics may enhance the understanding of how nicotine's positive and negative effects lead to smoking relapse and nicotine dependence, the role genetic variation plays in acquiring dependence, and how to develop more effective treatments for nicotine dependence. ■ The next generation of nicotine-dependence investigators are encouraged to conduct research at varying levels of analysis and approaches to studying genotype-phenotype associations, take into account the environmental context as well as G× E interactions, use a broader range of more homogenous groups of tobacco users, and to clearly communicate their results to lay audiences and the media in ways that will not be used to stigmatize subgroups of the population. This research has promise to refi ne existing nicotine-dependence treatments and identify new ones. Understanding the role of genetic susceptibility to nicotine dependence within the context of what is already working in the fi eld of tobacco control should help to design and implement more effective treatments for nicotine dependence and enhance tobacco prevention and control policies. Introduction This chapter begins with comments on how continued research in the area of genetics and nicotine dependence may infl uence future research at the basic and clinical levels by enhancing our understanding of the involvement of dopaminergic pathways responsible for nicotine dependence, the role of genetic variation in the initial acquisition of nicotine dependence, and the development of more effective treatments for nicotine dependence. The second portion of the chapter provides summaries and recommendations from parts 2–5 of the monograph and concludes with several crosscutting suggestions for the future. Tobacco smoke contains more than 5,000 compounds (many of which are of unknown impact with regard to dependence), and nicotine is widely considered to be the most addictive of these. 1 The predominant theory concerning how nicotine leads to dependence posits that acute nicotine binds to nicotinic receptors located on dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the substantia nigra. The resultant dopamine release is associated with the experience of pleasure and the enhancement of some cognitive functions, …


In conclusion it seems that if we are to continue doing research in clinical psychiatry on human subjects, we do have a responsibility to the subjects, to somehow protect them against the possible traumatic effects of an experiment. How this might best be done should not long remain an unanswered question.


ABSTRACT Background: Cirrhosis due to its frequency and complications is a major public health problem in the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the renal function in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Methods: This was a longitudinal case-control study conducted consecutively during one year, in the Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology of the N'djamena General Hospital. One hundred decompensated cirrhotic patients were included in this study matched with one hundred control patients without clinical or biological signs of liver disease. Blood samples were taken for the evaluation of renal function and hepatic function through the Child-Pugh Classification, HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies. The rate of glomerular filtration was calculated in each case and control. Results: The mean age of cirrhotic patients was 43.9 ± 13.5 years with a sex ratio male/female of 2.23. The mean serum creatinine in the cases was 29.7mg /l (ranges: 3-200 mg /l). The rate of glomerular filtration was below the threshold value in 53% of cirrhotic patients. Renal failure was more frequent in patients classified as Child-Pugh B and C respectively of 23.3% and 30.3%. Conclusion: This study had demonstrated the burden of renal failure in cirrhotic patients treated in our center. RESUME Introduction : La cirrhose par sa frequence et ses complications constitue un probleme majeur de sante publique dans le monde en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne. Le but de ce travail est d'evaluer la fonction renale chez les patients avec cirrhose hepatique decompensee. Methodes : Il s'agissait d'une etude cas temoins longitudinale sur une periode d'un an menee de maniere consecutive dans le service de medecine interne et gastroenterologie de l'Hopital General de N'djamena. Cent patients cirrhotiques decompenses ont ete inclus dans cette etude apparies avec sans patients temoins sans signes cliniques ni biologiques de maladies hepatiques. Des prelevements sanguins ont ete realises pour l'evaluation de la fonction renale et de la fonction hepatique a travers la Classification de Child-Pugh et pour la recherche de l'antigene HBs (AgHbs) et des anticorps anti-VHC. Le debit de la filtration glomerulaire a ete calcule chez chaque patient et temoins. Resultats : L'âge moyen de la population etudiee etait de 43,9+13.5 ans avec un sexe ratio de 2.23. La moyenne de la creatinine serique chez les cas etait de 29.7mg/l avec des extremes allant de 3-200 mg/l. Le debit de la filtration glomerulaire etait inferieur a la valeur seuil chez 53% des cirrhotiques. L'insuffisance renale etait plus frequente chez patients classes Child-Pugh B et C respectivement de 23.3% et 30.3%. Conclusion : Cette etude a permis de mettre en evidence la charge de l'insuffisance renale chez les patients cirrhotiques pris en charge dans notre centre.


The technique of the computer music is a new science to write the music with a high-tech means.The article expounds the necessity for universities offering a course of computer music making and building a studio for the computer music from two aspects:its practical applicability and its business value.


The aim of this study is to clarify the impact and the relative importance of the financial and environmental information systems in activating the role of human resources within the industrial institutions in order to accelerate the sustainable development operation, considering the environmental aspects and their effects


In the present paper, an attempt is made to obtain the degree of approximation of conjugate of functions (signals) belonging to the generalized weighted W(LP, ξ(t)), (p ≥ 1)-class, by using lower triangular matrix operator of conjugate series of its Fourier series.


Significantly improved immunity to hot-hole damage of the SiO/sub 2//Si structure is achieved by a shallow fluorine implantation into the poly-Si gate of MOS capacitors followed by a drive-in process. Compared to the nonfluorinated control, the fluorinated samples exhibit a dramatic reduction of both hole trapping probability and interface-trap generation under avalanche hole injection conditions. The degree of such an improvement increases monotonically as a function of the F implantation dose (up to 10/sup 16//cm/sup 2/). Significant decrease of the hole detrapping rate is also observed in fluorinated samples. Possible mechanisms are discussed.<<ETX>>


Contract management is a most important carrier in army purchasing departments' managing equipment purchase items.It is of key importance to conduct equipment biding procurement contract management task well in improving purchasing efficiency and accelerate equipment development.The importance of equipment biding procurement is analyzed,at the same time to our army's equipment biding procurement contract management task it also offers several prospect ideas about three aspects: outer environment,management system,management thinking and way.


The electrolysis of water is evaluated as a potentially efficient, low cost means of hydrogen production. The theoretical energy and voltage, current, and energy efficiencies of water electrolysis are considered. Various catalyst materials used in the fabrication of membrane electrode assemblies will be evaluated for this study. Ternary element mixtures such as Pt-Ni-Co were introduced at the cathode side to reduce Pt loading, but keeping the electrolyzer performance the same as with a pure Pt catalyst loading. The catalysts were applied to a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Tafel slope for the Pt-Ni-Co mixtures gave a Tafel slope of 86 mV dec−1 at lower temperatures and 134 mV dec−1 at higher temperatures of 80°C. The cyclic voltammetry results show higher electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation formation of hydrogen on ternary catalyst mixtures compared to the platinum catalyst.


Applying Petri net, the models of each object, such as iron tapping exit, iron tapping line, desulfurizing workshop, torpedo car pouring workshop, front and back slagging-off workshop, slag-tipping workshop, electric furnace, ingot mould, pig machine, furnace kiln, TPC (torpedo car), locomotive and railway, are established in the iron melt transport simulating system of Baosteel. 20 kinds of plans of the area of changing-site No.2 blast furnace for capital repair are simulated. Through the comparison of simulating results, the optimized plans of railway layout and iron melt transport scheduling strategy are obtained.


We propose a scheduling policy, called Predictive Cost-Based Scheduling (PCS) for scalable video streaming. PCS schedules the waiting requests based on their required delivery costs, predicts future system state, and uses the prediction results to possibly alter the scheduling decisions. We also present two alternative implementations of PCS and analyze its waiting-time predictability. The simulation results show that PCS can achieve significant performance improvements and can provide users with highly accurate expected waiting times.


no damage occurred. The model was remarkable for the elegance and neatness of i ts construction, and was the first experiment adopting the proposed system of superposed aeroplanes to a steam flying machine." Jti the right-hand corner is the hull of a similar model; above it is a dirigible exhibited by Francois Heron, and the strange object on the table is J . Kiuifmann's aeromotive machine. " The main portion of the weight of this machine was to be sustained by superposed aeroplanes, and the propulsion to ba effected by two long wings, which, during the down stroke, were set a t an inclined direction backwards, and caused to turn a t a forward angle during the up-stroke." Leaning against the wall on the left is a device exhibited by Mr. W. Gibson, consisting of two pairs of wings. " worked by the feet and arms together, during which action the shafts cf the wings swivelled in their sockets so as to give a feathering movement similar to t h a t observed during the flight of a b i rd ." We arc indebted to Mr. C. H . Alderson for the kind loan of a copy of the engraving.


We performed an extensive characterization of Co-doped polycrystalline 122 iron pnictide samples, Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 with x=0.07, 0.09, 0.1, 0.12, by means of high-field dc magnetization and ac 1st and 3rd harmonic susceptibility response measurements. From M(H) loops through the Bean model formula both the magnetic field and T dependences of the Jc are derived. From the 3rd harmonic response of the ac susceptibility as a function of the dc magnetic field up to 10 T recorded at different temperatures, we determined the irreversibility line, using the onset criterion. From these analyses, 7% and 9% of Co-doped samples showed the best Jc performances.


In the article below, the authors look at Gabon as a recent case study of election monitoring in a sub‐Saharan African state.


Former research used the passengers' behavior or surveys at particular times as its basis for evaluation of the bus information services (BIS). This research uses long duration bus user behavior data and survival analysis to determine if the BIS has significant influence on the possibility of passengers discontinued use of buses. In this paper the authors not only found the risk that passengers who used the real-time transit information discontinued use of buses was merely 32.9% of the risk for those who did not use real-time transit information service, but it also helped improve the duration in which passengers take a public transport system as their main transport means.


Academics live in strange times. Everywhere we are coded and constructed within the machine of the enterprise university to faithfully produce high quality research outputs and secure competitive external research funding grants. We are counted and graded, chopped up and classified, found to be acceptable (or otherwise) within the logical bounds of a system that rewards entrepreneurial and innovative research that secures large grants and is published in high-ranked research journals.


The invention discloses a message information error-correcting coding/decoding chip of wireless sensing network joint, which comprises the following parts: chip chassis, silicon chip, lid of silicon chip and pin connected by silicon chip through bonding line at the rim of chip chassis, wherein the circuit is composed of message information coding unit, message information by-pass unit, straight-through/coding information output control unit, coding/decoding control unit, message information decoding unit and decoding information output control unit. The invention integrates message informationcoding and decoding function to code and decode the message information at wireless sensing network joint, which decodes and corrects the received message information with little bulk and low energyconsumption.


. This study investigates whether, in some audit tasks, less experience is required for superior cue measurement than for other components of those tasks and, thus, the overall tasks. Hypotheses are developed based on a consideration of the knowledge needed to perform cue measurement and of how and when that knowledge is acquired. An experiment examined the effects of experience and cue measurement on assessments of control risk and analytical risk. Results indicate that, as predicted, there are experience-related differences in global analytical risk assessments, but those differences are not attributable to differential knowledge about cue measurement.

Resume. La question sur laquelle se penche l'auteure est de savoir si, dans certaines tâches de verification, l'experience necessaire a une mesure superieure de certains indicateurs est moins grande que celle que necessitent d'autres aspects de ces tâches et, par consequent, l'ensemble des tâches de verification. Ses hypotheses se fondent sur la determination des connaissances necessaires pour proceder a la mesure des indicateurs ainsi que du mode et du moment d'acquisition de ces connaissances. Dans le cadre d'une experimentation, elle analyse les effets de l'experience et de la mesure des indicateurs sur l'evaluation du risque de non-controle et du risque analytique. Les resultats obtenus revelent que, conformement aux previsions, il existe des differences liees a l'experience dans l'analyse globale du risque analytique, mais que ces differences ne sont pas attribuables aux connaissances marginales relatives a la mesure des indicateurs.


There certainly is little or no doubt that politicians, sometimes consciously and sometimes not, exert a significant impact on stock markets. The evolving volatility over the Republican Donald Trump's surprise victory in the US presidential election is a perfect example when politicians, through announced policies, send signals to financial markets. The present paper seeks to address whether BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) stock markets equally vulnerable to Trump's plans. For this purpose, two methods were adopted. The first presents an event-study methodology based on regression estimation of abnormal returns. The second is based on vote intentions by integrating data from social media (Twitter), search queries (Google Trends) and public opinion polls. Our results robustly reveal that although some markets emerged losers, others took the opposite route. China took the biggest hit with Brazil, while the damage was much more limited for India and South Africa. These adverse responses can be explained by the Trump's neo-mercantilist attitude revolving around tearing up trade deals, instituting tariffs, and labeling China a " currency manipulator ". However, Russia looks to be benefiting due to Trump's sympathetic attitude towards Vladimir Putin and expectations about the scaling down of sanctions imposed on Russia over its role in the conflict in Ukraine.


This paper makes a review and a summary of the recent achievements in studies of minorities' urbanization from three aspects-the importance and strategic means of minorities' urbanization,ethnic issues in urbanization and ethnic affairs in cities.The author looks forward to the future of the development of the study and some problems in the study have pointed out.


Vortex induced vibration is a major cause of fatigue failure in submarine oil and gas pipelines and steel catenary risers. Even moderate currents can induce vortex shedding, alternately at the top and bottom of the pipeline, at a rate determined by the flow velocity. Each time a vortex sheds, a force is generated in both the in-line and cross-flow direction, causing an oscillatory multi-mode vibration. This vortex induced vibration can give rise to fatigue damage of submarine pipeline spans, especially in the vicinity of the girth welds. In this paper, COMSOL Multiphysics is applied to study the flow pattern around submarine pipeline spans, and predict the amplitude and frequency of the vortex induced vibrations. The sensitivity of the computational fluid dynamics model to geometric parameters and flow variables is investigated. Mitigation measures - like helical strakes and fairings- are addressed, and their effectiveness is evaluated. At the end, the potential of applying multiphysics methods to solve coupled problems in pipeline design is briefly discussed.


What are the potential benefits and adverse effects of medications used to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adult outpatients?


To the Editor.— The article entitled "Cholera on the Texas Gulf Coast" (1982;247:1598) failed to make the critical distinction between Vibrio cholerae 01, the cause of epidemic cholera, and non-01 V cholerae , which, until recently, was included in a poorly defined category referred to as nonagglutinating vibrios or non-cholera vibrios. Although these two organisms are biochemically identical and differ serologically only in their ability to agglutinate in O-group 1 antiserum, they should be distinguished because they have different clinical, pathogenic, and epidemiologic characteristics. Clinically, both organisms may produce severe, watery diarrhea. However, unlike most cholera cases, persons with non-01 V cholerae diarrhea may have fever and have blood in their stools. 1 Non-01 V cholerae is also associated with infection at extraintestinal sites, eg, the blood, ear, wounds, and the CNS, while V cholerae 01 infects only the gastrointestinal or biliary tract. 2 Both organisms may cause diarrhea by producing


DESCRIPTION OF ORAL HYGIENE LEVEL AND DENTAL
CARIES OF GRADE IV AND V STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2 TAJENTABANAN REGENCY IN 2018

ABSTRACT

 Oral hygiene is a condition that shows in the oral cavity a person is free of impurities, such as plaque and calculus. Dental caries is a dental tissue disease characterized by tissue damage starting from the tooth surface (pit, fissure, and interproximal area) extends towards the pulp. The purpose of this research is to know description of oral hygiene level and dental caries of grade IV and V students of elementary school 2 Tajen Tabanan regency in 2018. The research is descriptive research. The results of the research on 31 about oral hygiene students were obtained the highest number were the moderate criteria (67,7%), the average of OHI-S 1,62 including the medium criteria, the students affected by dental caries were 25 students with 62 caries teeth, average dental caries by 2, and average dental caries based on the highest level of dental and oral hygiene with moderate criteria 2,28. The conclusions of this study are the average dental and oral hygiene criteria being the most have moderate OHI-S criteria. The average dental caries is two teeth.


Abstract The properties of interstellar dust (ID) can be studied in great detail by making use of X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The radiation of X-rays sources is scattered and absorbed by dust grains in the interstellar medium. The X-ray band is especially suitable to study silicates - one of the main components of ID -since it contains the absorption edges of Si, Mg, O and Fe. In the Galaxy, we can use absorption features in the spectra of X-ray binaries to study the size distribution, composition and crystalline structure of grains. In order to derive these properties, it is necessary to acquire a database of detailed extinction cross sections models, that reflects the composition of the dust in the interstellar medium. We present the extinction profiles of a set of newly acquired measurements of 14 dust analogues at the Soleil Synchrotron facility in Paris, where we focus on silicates and the Si-K edge in particular, which is modelled with unprecedented accuracy. These models are used to analyse ID in the dense environments of the Galaxy.


Annealed 1060 pure aluminum was processed for accumulative roll bonding test.The effects of passes on tensile strength,elongation,microhardness and plasticity of the materials were investigated.TEM,tensile test and microhardness test were used to analyze the reasons.The results show that the grain size was refined after several passes rolling;the ultra-fined grains increased after 7 passes rolling,and the grain size can be 500nm.The tensile strength and the microhardness were improved as well.


The nuclear potential and resulting shell structure are well established for the valley of stability, however, dramatic modifications to the familiar ordering of single-particle orbitals in rare isotopes have been found: new shell gaps emerge, some conventional magic numbers are no longer valid, and theoretical models that extrapolate from stability to describe observables in exotic nuclei can fail. Current efforts in nuclear structure physics are aimed at unraveling the driving forces behind this structural evolution, which was found most dramatic in neutron-rich species. This manuscript will outline some of the recent efforts at NSCL aimed at shedding light on the evolution of nuclear structure around neutron number N = 40 in neutron-rich Ti isotopes and in neutron-deficient Sn nuclei approaching 100Sn.


A blue carotenoprotein (ƒÁmax=615 nm) was purified and characterized from the exoskeleton of black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon. It contained free astaxanthin as the prosthetic group. Its molecu lar weight was found to be 126 kDa and 120 kDa by gel filtration and native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), respectively. SDS-PAGE indicated that the carotenoprotein consisted of six subunits, with three sets of two kinds of subunits of 22.4 and 21.4 kDa in a molar ratio of 1:1. The stoichiometry of carotenoid and apoprotein was 2:1. Another blue carotenoprotein (Am =625 nm) was isolated from the muscular epithelium of P. monodon by collagenase treatment. The molecular weight of the carotenoprotein was determined to be 21.4 kDa by gel filtration. SDS-PAGE indicated that the carotenoprotein was composed of a polypeptide of 22.9 kDa. This carotenoprotein also contained free astaxanthin as the prosthetic group.


In order to increase productivity and improve quality, the metal casting industry has realized the need for near-net shape casting. For example, in the automotive industry, power train components are designed for usage in close tolerance. One goal of the foundry engineer is to produce cores and molds of consistent dimensional accuracy, and hence a casting satisfying the tight tolerances of the automotive industry. This objective inevitably will result in improved quality and more efficient production. The developers and users of chemical binders, in hot or cold box cores or on patterns for mold, all have these issues in mind. One of the main aspects when talking about dimensional accuracy is thermal distortion of the molds and cores. To the best of our knowledge currently there is no testing protocol to determine thermal distortion in a controlled fashion at pouring temperatures. Practitioners use data based on tests at room temperature in order to predict mold behavior at high temperatures. An apparatus and a specific methodology to measure thermal distortion have been proposed and developed by the authors, and it is reported in this paper. The proposed apparatus, now in its second generation, is simple to operate and the test specimen is a disc piece, which is already used for transverse strength testing of chemically bonded sands. The proposed protocol allows examination of thermo-mechanical properties of the specific sand-binder combination. Thermal distortion curves obtained for various sand-binder-catalyst combinations, when tested for aluminum castings, are presented. This project was carried out over several semesters, where students in the capstone design project course sequence participated. This is a very good example of collaboration between industry and university, with benefits for both sides. The students were excited about working on a project with great potential for industrial applicability, and industry was more than willing to provide needed materials for the project to become a reality. The results obtained so far are encouraging and it is believed that the proposed methodology can be used for better process control to establish a materials control program and for dimensional control of cores and molds. The designed apparatus is another tool that would aid in identifying correct amounts of binder materials and catalysts, and for predicting the behavior of the core and mold material in thermomechanical application.


Sr<inf>0.6</inf>Ba<inf>0.4</inf>Nb<inf>2</inf>O<inf>6</inf> (SBN) thin films were deposited using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method and post annealing in a conventional furnace. The annealing process had improved the crystallization and also had large influences on the crystalline orientation. As the annealing temperature increased from 600°C to 700°C, the diffraction intensities of (410) and (001) planes increased. Annealed at 800°C, the SBN thin films showed highly c-axis crystalline orientation of (001) plane. The influences of annealing temperatures on the electrical characteristics of the polarization-applied electric field curves, the capacitance-voltage curves, and the leakage current density-electric field curves were investigated.


During recent years the state of the economy has been a very salient issue for the mass publics of the industrial democracies, and the French electorate is no exception. In this article the influence of inflation, unemployment and real income growth performance on popular 'satisfaction' with Presidents Pompidou and Giscard d'Estaing is analysed. The empirical analyses are based on a model of qualitative political responses. The most important features of the model are that people evaluate a President's economic performance relatively rather than absolutely, and that the weights placed upon current and past performance in the formation of contemporaneous political judgments decline geometrically. The empirical results indicate clearly that a President's standing with the mass public depends primarily on the performance of the real economy (in particular, the real income growth rate), rather than on nominal economic conditions (the inflation rate). This suggests that deflationary macroeconomic policies sacrificing employment and real output and income growth in order to achieve price deceleration are not likely to enhance a President's support in the French electorate.


EUROPEAN UNION (EU) CONDITIONALITY IN THE Western Balkans has been a difficult process characterised by setbacks and slow reforms. In this essay, focusing specifically on Bosnia & Hercegovina (Bosna i Hercegovina, BiH), we argue that EU conditionality has limited potential to strengthen democracy because, in its current form, and in view of the existing state structure in Bosnia & Hercegovina, it provides only limited incentives for national elites to comply with the conditions set by the EU. In the context of state building, such as in Bosnia & Hercegovina, the effectiveness of EU conditionality is weakened by the increasing domestic political costs of compliance. This results in EU conditionality having a limited appeal for national elites in pursuit of reforms, and limited incentives for national elites to refrain from policies and actions that undermine statehood and endanger democratic reforms. As a result, EU conditionality runs the risk of losing its grip on elite commitment to reform and, more seriously, losing the support of citizens. We will first sketch the general characteristics of EU conditionality as well as its country-specific context and the interaction with national elites in the first section. This involves examining the main factors characterising the relationship between EU conditionality and democratisation. It implies an understanding of EU conditionality as a dynamic process between, on the one hand, the conditions set by the EU and the limitations to EU conditionality due to its formal and elite-driven character, and on the other hand, behaviour of national elites based on the country-specific context. We will also examine the evolution of EU conditionality during and since the accession process of the Central East European countries. Characteristics of EU conditionality, such as the ambiguous character of the EU membership perspective, paired with the post-Dayton structure of BiH, are crucial in understanding why incentives for Bosnian national elites to comply with EU conditions have been limited. Considering these


Armed with the useful properties of small molecules and proteins, peptides hold the potential to be utilized in almost all biomedical research fields. However, the clinical application of peptides has been limited due to their intrinsic drawbacks, such as poor plasma stability and low target binding affinity. The conjugation of peptides to biological, organic (nonbiological), and inorganic materials has recently emerged as a promising strategy to address these problems. Hence, in this article, we provide an overview of the successful outcomes of using peptide‐bio/organic/inorganic conjugates in various biomedical applications, including the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.


of the intrinsic muscles of the hand ( fig. 1 ). Deep tendon reflexes were normal and there was no sensory or motor deficits in other limbs tested. Electromyography showed evidence of diffuse renervation in the right arm. There was no evidence of a conduction block or sensory involvement. Monomelic amyotrophy is a benign anterior horn cell disorder, clinically presenting as wasting of a single limb, first described by Hirayama in 1959 [1] . Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine Dear Sir, A 37-year-old lady presented to us for evaluation of a weakness of her right arm. She had first noticed an insidious onset of wasting of her right hand and forearm muscles at the age of 13. This slowly progressed for 4–5 years and then stabilized without any medical intervention and she was able to perform all activities of daily living. There was no history of any sensory abnormality in that limb. Examination revealed atrophy of the flexor and extensor group of muscles of her right forearm and Received: August 2, 2006 Accepted: August 2, 2006 Published online: October 31, 2006


This study is about strength of horizontal shear connection in
 composite beam using Half precast beam and slab. The longitudinal
 shear flow in composite beam using Half precast beam and slab is
transferred across the interface by the dowel action of stirrups
and shear friction. So through twelve push-out specimens, we will
 suggest the proper design method by observing horizontal shear
strength each stirrup across interface, and failure mode. The
 variable of push-out specimens in 1)the spacing of stirrup
across interface 2)The degree of roughness of interface 3)
 Compressive strength of concrete.
This experiment shows that the horizontal shear strength of
 composite beam interface is affceted by the degree of roughness
 and the amount of stirrup at interface. The horizontal shear
strength of interface becomes lager than steel-concrete composite
 beam because of shear friction.


The invention relates to the technical field of transmission line maintenance and discloses a transmission line fault direction calculation method based on zero-sequence current components. The method includes: using a current transformer to measure current instantaneous value of a transmission line before fault and current instantaneous value after fault; calculating pre-fault phase load current and fault phase zero-sequence current according to current instantaneous value of the transmission line before failure and the current instantaneous value after failure; and calculating the direction of the transmission line fault according to the pre-fault phase load current and the fault phase zero-sequence current. The influence of CVT (capacitor voltage transformer) transient process on directional elements is overcome.


The low accuracy, adjustment lagging and serious abrasion are analyzed in the old type density automatic adjustment system of dense-medium. Based on the analyzed a new type density automatic adjustment system was put forward.


The total length of the construction trestle behind the dam of the Heightenring project of Danjiangkou left bank is 273.5 m;the standard width of the vehicular road of the trestle is 4.5 m;the upper layer is the loaded stuctures with Beilei truss;the under layer is the structures of steel tube and grid.The conditions of the trestle are good after used 7 months.The practice shows that the Beilei truss structure adopted is convennient for installation and remove,but also the upper structures can be used repeatedly,so as to reduce project costs greatly.This project has afforded experiences and lessons for the design and use of other construction trestles.


The following paper sets out to examine the lexicon as a variable of a text's readability level. It tries to find the criteria that rules the lexical decisions of the speaker when he's producing the adequate text with the intention of being undestood by a particular listener. According to our hypotheses the native speakers have some kind of sociorhetorical and metalinguistic pragmatic competence that allows them to infer the mental lexicon of their linguistic community members. To make these inferences they follow criteria based on a motivated convention. In consequence the speakers will make similar judgements about the cognitive effort that the lexical items require on different age listeners. Thirty judges were asked to analyse the TEVI Vocabulary Test (Echeverria, Herrera, Vega, 1993) and to correlate each lexical item with the different age stages. They also had to explicit the criteria used. As it was found that the data showed very little variability, the hypothesis was confirmed.


Li Huaizhi's becoming a monk was a sticking to confucianism and was of a duty carrying on confucianism(the so-called debt owed by man and heaven on me) that had passed clown for generations,also a pursuit of independent personality and freedom.


This guideline applies to adult patients with suspected or confirmed small bowel obstruction. It does not apply to medical problems that mimic bowel obstruction (eg, scleroderma, Hirschsprung-type disease, opioid induced ileus, etc.). The objective is to create an evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis, triage, and management of small bowel obstruction to improve patient outcome.


The technological evolution towards extensible software systems and component-based software development requires efficient, flexible and easy-to-use protection mechanisms to isolate software modules residing in the same address space. While a number of software-based approaches have been proposed in the last several years, no clear winner emerges that satisfactorily addresses all the design issues involved in establishing multiple protection domains within an address space. This paper describes a novel intra-address space protection mechanism based on the segmentation and paging hardware in Intel's x86 architecture. Measurements from the prototype implementation indicate that a null protected procedure call and return costs about 147 CPU cycles on a Pentium 200 MHz machine.


This work explores a novel approach to desulfurization of whole crude oil where thiophenic sulfur compounds are oxidized to sulfones followed by sulfone decomposition into sulfur-free hydrocarbons. The objective of this work is to study the effect of alkaline earth metal oxides on decomposition of sulfones in oxidized crude oil. About 73% of the sulfones in a preoxidized, medium sour crude oil was decomposed over CaO at 360 °C. SO2 was detected by TPD–MS and also measured by a quantitative method when the spent CaO sorbent was thermally treated in an inert atmosphere with sweep gas. No prominent decomposition of sulfur compounds was observed when untreated crude oil (not oxidized) was treated over CaO at 360 °C. This study demonstrates the feasibility of decomposing sulfones in oxidized crude oil over CaO-based materials.


The present study was undertaken to assess the economic sustainability of insecticide resistance management (IRM) technology of cotton cultivation in Nagpur and Wardha districts of Maharashtra. Asample of 100 farmers comprising of 50 IRM farmers and 50 non-IRM farmers were randomly selected and interviewed personally during 2008–09. Higher gross return of 29964 ha−1 on IRM farms against 22378 ha−1 on non-IRM farms, with higher output of 13.73 q ha−1 on IRM against 10.33 q ha−1 on non-IRM farms were realised. Similarly, higher B: C ratio (1.73) was realized for IRM farms than non-IRM farms (1.29). The expenditure on plant protection chemicals (PPC) on non-IRM farms ( 1721 ha-1) was three times than that of IRM farms ( 489 ha−1) as non-IRM farmers solely relied on chemical pesticides for pest control. Furthermore, the cost incurred on chemical fertilizers was also higher in case of non-IRM farms ( 1865 ha−1) compared to IRM farms ( 1397 ha−1). There was no significant contribution of chemical fertilizers and PPC on yield in case of non-IRM farms indicating their inefficient use. There was positive influence of PPC and IRM components on IRM farms. So IRM technologies were beneficial from farmer's point of view for increasing cotton productivity and farmers income in sustainable manner.


Female education plays a fundamental role in the development of a society but unfortunately the traditional attitude towards female education prevents them from getting education. In the present research study, an effort has been made to investigate the parental attitude towards female education in Gilgit city. For this purpose, a sample of 100 parents (50% males) was drawn from target population. The age range of the sample was 25-55 years. To assess parents' attitudes toward female education a self-made questionnaire of 16 items was administered on them. Items for the used questionnaire were generated by a team of psychologists based on the available scientific literature and by considering the sociocultural dynamics of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The formatted questionnaire was reviewed and edited by a senior clinical psychologist who has a good level of experience in the said field. The study findings revealed that majority of parents have positive attitude towards female education. The results also reflected that parents' attitude towards female education is determined by their educational level as the parents with higher educational level have reported more positive attitudes towards female education as compared to the parents with lower educational level. However, parents' gender and income neither influence their attitude towards female education nor interact with their educational level in influencing parents' attitudes toward female education.


It obtains calculating method for effective length of pile applying for elastic theory Mindlin equation which considering many factors,and concludes calculation formula to forecast effective length of pile.


Established in 1837, the Trivandrum observatory has been working over the past 185 yr as an institution catering to the scientific and academic community. After a major renovation recently, the arrival of the comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) has provided an opportunity for the Trivandrum observatory to explore its capability in astronomy. The sky remained clear from February 13th onwards for 5 days, providing a much awaited window for tracking of the path of the comet. An apparent change in the coma is visualized in the images which could be associated with the increase in the radial distance from the Earth and also due to the increase in distance from the Sun.


The combined microwave-convective drying is a novel drying method and has many advantages, such as swift drying, equable drying and sterilization. This paper studies the drying characteristic of medical pill in microwave-convective drying process. The influential parameters of pill drying characteristics including pill size, quality, air velocity, temperature and the input power of microwave, are experimentally investigated. Results show that the drying process is influenced by the intrinsic heat of microwave power, and the environment and the resistance of mass transfer. It has the advantage of the microwave-convective drying in saving energy, reducing labor intensity and sterilizing. The method with the high efficiency is suitable for pharmacy industry.


Background: Low vitamin D levels may synergize with changing levels of the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) to precipitate in the development and clinical progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, this hypothesis was explored in groups of Kuwaiti healthy controls and patients with different clinical phenotypes of MS. Methods: Fasting serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and DBP were measured in 146 healthy controls and 195 patients with MS. The latter were classified according to the duration, type, and onset of the disease and the mode of treatment. Factors such as relapse/remitting, and the use of nutritional supplements were also considered. Results: The DBP levels were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. This was more evident in newly diagnosed drug-naïve patients than in those patients with more established MS. MS status and severity were negatively impacted by concurrently low levels of 25(OH)D and DBP. This was most clearly expressed in drug-naïve patients and in those with a disease in relapse. It was also established that the 25(OH)D level had a significant positive correlation with the duration of the disease. Conclusion: Lower levels of 25(OH)D and DBP appear to have a synergistic effect on MS status. This was most clearly demonstrated in patients who were newly diagnosed (drug-naïve) and in those patients who were in relapse.


Interferon (IFN)‐α is one of the most commonly used agents in immunotherapy for patients with advanced stage renal cell carcinoma. However, because of the drug resistance to IFN‐α, its benefits are limited. In this study, we examined whether repression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, which are involved in the IFN‐induced signaling pathway, can overcome the IFN resistance of renal cell carcinoma. The effect of IFN‐α on SOCS3 expression and cell proliferation was examined using IFN‐resistant 786‐O and IFN‐sensitive ACHN cell lines. The effects of SOCS3‐targeted siRNA on 786‐O xenografts were determined by SOCS3 expression, morphological observation, and tumor volume. The SOCS3 mRNA expression level was significantly increased by IFN‐α stimulation in 786‐O, but not in ACHN cells. The overexpression of SOCS3 by gene transfection in ACHN cells significantly inhibited the growth‐inhibitory effect of IFN‐α. Suppression of SOCS3 expression in 786‐O cells by siRNA activated the IFN signaling pathway through signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 phosphorylation and recovered sensitivity to IFN‐α. An in vivo study indicated that co‐administration of SOCS3‐targeted siRNA promoted IFN‐α‐induced cell death and growth suppression in 786‐O cell xenograft in nude mice. Morphological observation of the tumors revealed the inhibition of SOCS3‐induced apoptosis, invasion of inflammatory cells and fibrosis. SOCS3 could be a key component in the resistance to IFN treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Silencing SOCS3 gene expression could be an effective strategy to enhance the antitumor effect of IFN in human renal cell carcinoma cells. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 57–63)


AUTHOR Eric Rooney, MBE, BDS, MSc, DDPH, FDS (RCS) England Eric Rooney is Deputy Chief Dental Officer at NHS England, Consultant in Dental Public Health at Public Health England and Honorary Professor of Dental and Oral Health Policy at the University of Central Lancashire Episodic health care has been defined as "a pattern of health care in which services are provided to a person for a particular problem, without an ongoing relationship being established between the person and health care professionals."1


A combinatorial human Fab library was constructed using RNAs from peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from Japanese encephalitis virus hyper‐immune volunteers on pComb3H phagemid vector. The size of the constructed Fab library was 3.3 × 108 Escherichia coli transformants. The library was panned 3 times on the purified Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) virion, and phage clones displaying JEV antigen‐specific Fab were enriched. The enriched phage pool was then screened for clones producing Fab molecule with JEV neutralizing activity by the focus reduction‐neutralizing test. Among 188 randomly selected clones, 9 Fab preparations revealed neutralizing activities against JEV strain Nakayama. An E. coli transformed with TJE12B02 clone, which produced human monoclonal Fab with the highest neutralizing activity was cultured in a large scale, and the Fab molecule was purified using affinity chromatography. The purified FabTJE12B02 showed the 50% focus reduction endpoint at the concentration of 50.2 μg/ml (ca. 1,000 nM) when JEV strain Nakayama was used. The FabTJE12B02 recognized E protein of JEV strain Nakayama, and the dissociation equilibrium constant (Kd) of the FabTJE12B02 against purified JEV antigen was calculated as 1.21 × 10–8 M. Sequence analysis demonstrated that TJE12B02 used a VH sequence homologous to the VH3 family showing 88.8% homology to germline VH3–23, and used a VK sequence homologous to the VκII subgroup showing 92.8% homology to germline A17.


Smoking is currently allowed in most UK pubs and bars and smoking policies are self regulated by the hospitality industry through the Public Places Charter, which encourages the provision of non-smoking areas and improved ventilation. In this study monitoring of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been conducted in 60 pubs and bars in the Greater Manchester area to determine the effectiveness of different smoking policies. The ETS markers RSP (as PM2.5), UVPM, FPM, SolPM and nicotine were sampled at several locations in each establishment, using portable monitoring cases and analysed using established methods. ETS concentrations were significantly lower in non-smoking areas in comparison to smoking areas, with reductions of between 27-69%. Bar areas had similar levels to smoking areas. The proportion of particles (RSP) that could be attributed to ETS was considerable even in non-smoking areas (43-55%) indicating that smoking was the major source of particles in these environments. The use of mechanical and/or air cleaning systems resulted in lower average concentrations of ETS markers in comparison to use of extractor fans or natural ventilation, but these differences were not statistically significant.


Antinociceptive activity of hen egg white lysozyme (Fleming's lysozyme) was determined against abdominal contractions provoked by irritants injected in‐traperitoneally into mice. Carrageenan (2 mg) (CA) injected with arachidonic acid (15 μg) (AA) or prostaglandins PGE1 or PGF2α (0.04 ng), brewer's yeast (10 mg), caolin (10 mg), mepartricin (80 U) and phenylquinone (50 μg) were used as irritants.


At the dining room table in a modest house in Sonyea, New York, Bohdan Wynar and David Parish worked to edit the latter's manuscript on state government publications. The now‐well‐known publishing firm, Libraries Unlimited, began in that unpretentious setting, but the result of their effort was a landmark in state government bibliography. For the first time, in the 1970s librarians had a guide to valuable reference material at the state level which has long been known as a complicated, yet rewarding, area in which to work.


We establish self-sustained Ni(I/III) cycles as a potentially general paradigm in photoredox Ni-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions by presenting a strategy that allows us to recapitulate photoredox-like reactivity in the absence of light across a wide range of substrates in the amination, etherification, and esterification of aryl bromides, the latter of which has remained, hitherto, elusive under thermal Ni catalysis. Moreover, the accessibility of esterification in the absence of light is especially notable since previous mechanistic studies on this transformation under photoredox conditions have unanimously invoked energy transfer-mediated pathways.


Learning to use PhET as a virtual laboratory can improve students' understanding of abstract concepts or material that is difficult to experiment in a real laboratory. The purpose of this local service activity is to conduct training for teachers and students at SMAN 1 Nimboran, Jayapura Regency. This is to find out how the implementation of the PhET Simulation learning media in the 3T region which stands for terdepan (frontier), terpencil (remote), and tertinggal (disadvantaged) in Indonesia. This service activity was attended by physics teachers and students of class XI-IPA at SMAN 1 Nimboran, Jayapura Regency. The method of this activity is carried out in the form of virtual laboratory training through PhET Simulation, face-to-face/offline at SMAN 1 Nimboran. The success of this training program for teachers and students can be seen from the enthusiasm and attainment of skills to use PhET Simulation smoothly. Students better understand the concepts of vibration and waves through simulation. The plan for the next stage of this service activity is to follow up for other subjects and 3T area.


Yukio Tono is Professor of Corpus Linguistics at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan and a long-standing researcher in Learner Corpus Research. He holds a PhD in Corpus Linguistics from Lancaster University, UK, with a dissertation on "The Role of Learner Corpora in Second Language Acquisition Research and Foreign Language Learning: The Multiple Comparison Approach". His research interests are in Corpus Linguistics (especially learner corpora and applications of corpora for English language teaching), second language vocabulary acquisition, and pedagogical lexicography. He has been involved in corpus projects such as the Japanese EFL Learner Corpus (JEFLL; http://jefll.corpuscobo.net/) and the International Corpus of Crosslinguistic Interlanguage (ICCI; http://cblle. tufs.ac.jp/llc/icci/)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of procurement in identifying and managing the intra- and inter-organisational issues which impact supply chain resilience. Achieving resilience along the supply chain in today's turbulent business environment requires efforts from both internal and external elements of the extended enterprise. Design/methodology/approach – The systematic literature review was conducted between 2000 and 2013 with the objective being to answer the single research question proposed. To do so, a content analysis based on the literature was applied to 30 selected papers. Findings – The study revealed that procurement activities do make a significant contribution to creating supply chain resilience. Emerging from the literature review, certain intra- and inter-organisational issues were identified that could impact supply chain resilience. Also the possible actions that procurement could take to enable the enhancement of supply chain resilience were identified. Rese...


It is a dangerous illusion to believe that the ethical ground we act upon today is definitive. Ethical principles are a result of certain beliefs, philosophies, social practices and political interests, and they try to capture our sensitivity, culture and values. But the moment we apply them to our practice, either of the following may happen: first, the practice may be too complex to be regulated by the principle we want to apply. In many cases, those principles are imported from other cultures and they may not reflect sufficiently the specific norms that define a certain society. The second possibility is that the principles are already too old to frame new dimensions of socio and biomedical interactions. Third, other societies may have different values or moral sensitivities, which, however, are hidden in a marginal discourse ignored by the main political voice.


We present a review of recent advances in the functional study of cortical language reorganization by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG). Initially we review some basic concepts on biomagnetism, necessary to understand the characteristics distinguishing MEG from others functional neuroimaging tools, namely: a high temporal resolution, an acceptable spatial resolution, no need of reference and a non-invasive method to collect brain activity. The main research for validation of MEG language mapping is reviewed, comparing its ability with other techniques such as Wada test or electric cortical stimulation. We also examine several studies on atypical language neural representation without brain damage. Finally, we reveal recent advances regarding neural correlates for developmental dyslexia and recovery of language skills after many types of brain damage. Taking into account its particular features, MEG can provide a new and revealing approach to the study of plastic changes in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortical network, which sustains language processing.


The flow and its data transfer mechanism described proposed single-chip FPGA using output values of the flow of processing solution,greatly increased the flow of accuracy.Such programs bring the whole system only by the FPGA,sensor circuits and a little external circuitry,while eliminating the need microcontroller and a complex peripheral circuits,so that greatly simplify the interface circuit,the system high reliability and easy to maintain.Simulation results show that,FPGA fluid measurement interface circuit design method is practicable.


We reviewed with interest the article published by Crotii et al . (1) on spontaneously breathing patients during veno-venous ECMO (VV ECMO).


The food security crisis is a serious worldwide predicament in developing countries but it is a relatively larger problem in Nigeria. We argued there was no solution for the Nigerian food security crisis because researchers had not customized theoretical models with data-driven priorities grounded on local agriculture subject matter expert knowledge. We collected data from local agriculture extension workers who had specialized knowledge of the problems. We applied the consensual qualitative research method with embedded nominal brainstorming and multiple correspondence statistical techniques at the group level of analysis to develop a proposed solution. Our final model highlighted strategically urgent ideas to increase agriculture productivity and appease the most severe constraints in rural Nigeria. The results extended what was already published in the literature and should generalize to rural farmers in Nigeria as well as to government policymakers in developing countries around the world.


Sudden cardiac death is an important cause of death, accounting for between 300 000 and 400 000 deaths in the United States alone each year. Moreover, approximately 10% of all deaths are unaccounted for, with autopsies revealing structurally normally hearts. Even with post-mortem genetic testing, specifically for long QT syndrome, 96% of young males who have died due to sudden cardiac death have no attributable cause. Although a number of genetic syndromes that can result in ventricular fibrillation (VF) have been identified, such as Brugada syndrome and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), there remains a large population of young, otherwise healthy patients who die due to idiopathic VF, that we are unable to diagnose. In this issue of the Polish Heart Journal Kukla and Jastrzębski give a comprehensive review of early repolarisation, i.e. elevation of the J point, also known as Osborn waves, and the evidence that supports its association with sudden cardiac death. Our recent work suggests that early repolarisation, a common finding in the general population, is not as benign as was once thought [1]. In a large population of patients who were resuscitated from sudden cardiac death, early repolarisation was found in 31% of patients compared to only 5% of a matched control population.


Political science is notoriously divided into subfields. In parallel, most journals are restricted to one or another part of the discipline and most faculty teach only within their specializations and have little time to read outside of it. We then tend to lose sight of the fact that all of us are studying politics of one form or another and so perspectives that span the divisions are particularly valuable.


In consequence of the high impact of material costs on the total cost of a product, the importance of starting purchasing activities in an early stage of product development has become more and more important in recent years. This involvement or integration of purchasing from the beginning to the end of the product development process is also called Advanced Purchasing. In order-related companies, such as automotive suppliers, the acquisition of new orders becomes harder from day to day. This paper will describe the approach of advancing the collaboration between Sales Department and Purchasing Department, launching it already in the quotation and acquisition state. By illustrating a practical case, it will demonstrate how unprecedented synergies emerge thanks to this new proceeding.


Serum GRP-78 Levels Still Remain High 3 Months Later After the Treatment: A Cohort Study ABSTRACT Glucose Regulated Protein (GRP-78) plays a role in the intrusion of many viruses such as bat coronavirus, MERS-CoV, ebola virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, influenza virus, and Zika virus. This study, however, aims to examine the GRP-78 levels in patients who were infected with COVID-19, treated and recovered completely three months after the initiation of treatment. A total of 20 patients who were diagnosed with the COVID-19 disease and fully recovered, and who had participated in a previous study conducted by Sabırlı et al., were included in this prospective cohort study. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the GRP-78 levels were examined in the blood samples. The mean serum GRP-78 level was found to be 1393.31 ± 306.33 pg / ml in the blood samples drawn from the patients when they were first admitted to the emergency department while the mean serum GRP-78 level measured 90 days after the initiation of treatment was 1451.73 ± 336.65 pg / ml. No statistically significant differences were found between the GRP-78 levels measured during the first admission and the follow-up control 3 months later (p = 0.451). In conclusion, this study revealed that the GRP-78 levels remained high in patients with COVID-19 infections even after 3 months following the initiation of treatment. This high GRP-78 level may provide insight into the immunity of the person against the Sars-CoV-2 virus; however, this issue should be further examined both in a cell culture study and in a longer-term cohort study.


Cable yarding remains an important option in steep terrain timber harvesting, a reason for which new or improved operational efficiency models are required to support science and practice. Developed traditionally, these models are known to require many resources, a reason for which new approaches to the problem were researched lately, mainly by the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, and spatial and statistical inference systems. This study evaluates the possibility of using GNSS data and machine learning techniques to classify important cable yarding events in the time domain. Three classes were assumed by the study as being relevant for cable yarding operational setup, namely carriage moving in the uphill (MU) and downhill (MD) directions, as well as carriage stopped (S). Data collected by a consumer-grade GNSS unit was processed to extract some differential parameters which were coupled with GNSS motorial and geometric features to feed a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network with Back propagation (MLPNNB) in a pre-evaluation phase which aimed at mining the data structure as a strategy to develop the best MLPNNB configuration for training and testing. Leg distance, difference in elevation, speed of the carriage, and difference in heading were used together and interchangeably in this phase, based on logical assumptions. As a result of pre-evaluation, a MLPNNB using all these datasets was found to be the best scenario. Based on this outcome, the data was split into a training (70%) and a testing (30%) subset, then the MLPNNB was used to learn and generalize on these subsets. The main results indicate that the MLPNNB had an excellent performance, with a classification accuracy of 98.7, 98.4, and 98.8% in the pre-evaluation, training, and testing phases, respectively. Log-loss errors were also found to be very low (5, 5.9, and 4.1%, respectively), indicating a high generalization capability of the MLPNNB model. Based on the results, the main conclusion of the study is that original and derived GNSS data coupled with machine learning techniques could prove to be an important tool for operational monitoring and cable yarding efficiency model development, mainly due to the possibility of working with large amounts of data.


Professors, instructors and technical staff atvarious universities often face difficult questions regarding the tools and hands-on skills taught in the curriculum during a limited laboratory time. Therefore, to complement the classroom experience, students in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Manitoba have developed and delivered a number of workshops on topics that have a direct impact in the classroom and job prospects, while encouraging independent learning and experimentation to foster lifelong learning skills. This paper describes the organization and examples from organizing more than 20 workshops that reached excess of 250 undergraduate students, graduate students, high school students, high school teachers, recent graduates, industry professionals, and hobbyist.


Viologen derivatives have been developed as negative electrolyte for neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AOFBs), whereas the structure-property-performance relationship remains not clear. We attempt to elaborate on how the structure of viologens impacts their electrochemical behavior thereby the flow battery performance, by taking hydroxylated viologens as examples. Calculation on frontier molecular orbital energy and molecular configuration promise an effective tool in predicting potential, kinetics, stability and may be broadly applicable. Specifically, a modified viologen derivative, BHOP-Vi, is proved to be the most favorable structure, which enables a concentrated 2M battery to exhibit a power density of 110.87 mW cm -2 and an excellent capacity retention rate of 99.953% per hour.


The state of the blood antioxidant system in the patients presenting with acromegaly. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of blood plasma, the levels of non-protein thiols and 2-thyobarbituric acid-active products (TBA-AP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as ceruloplasmin (CP) level in the patients presenting with acromegaly. It was shown that plasma TAA and SOD activity in this patients was on the average 20 and 30% lower respectively than in the control subjects. At the same time, the TBA-AP and CP levels increased by 50 and 40% respectively. These data suggest the development of oxidative stress in the acromegalic patients.


Single microstrip antenna has the characteristics of narrow bandwidth and small gain. This paper discusses the design of a microstrip array antenna that works at two working frequencies, namely 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz for WiFi. The method used to obtain dual band frequencies is by adding slots on the side of the patch. The results obtained are the 4-element microstrip array antenna with feed line supply has better results when applied to WiFi. This feed line antenna has a bandwidth of 75 MHz - 184.4 MHz in accordance with IEEE 802.11n standards and has a gain of 4.321 dBi. Whereas the EMC supply has a large gain of 11.54 dBi but the bandwidth obtained is very narrow, namely 27.5 MHz.


In the past, many statistical process monitoring methods based on principal component analysis (PCA) have been drawn up and applied to various chemical processes. However, these methods were almost proposed under the assumption that the monitored process data obeys gaussian distribution. In this paper, aiming at the non-gaussian characteristics of the system, an improved PCA-based fault detection method is presented, where the survival information potential (SIP) is used to characterize the non-Gaussian randomness of the process data. Firstly, an improved PCA method, called SIP-PCA is proposed by using SIP to minimize the reconstruction error from the perspective of both randomness and magnitude. Then, the SIP-PCA based fault detection strategy is presented by using the kernel density estimation method to determine the control limit of fault detection indicators. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) process with non-Gaussian disturbances. The comparative monitoring results illustrate that the proposed method is more reliable and effective than the traditional PCA based fault detection methods.


In this paper, we propose a novel transformer-based U-Net model for end-to-end speech enhancement in the time domain, called SE-DPTUNet, which is comprised of an encoding module, a proposed dual-path transformer module and a decoding module. The encoding module extracts low-level features from input noisy speech. The dual-path transformer module exploits transformer encoder-decoder layers to model long-range speech sequence by extracting short- and long-term information of speech sequences, generating the contextual features. Meanwhile, the down- and up-sampling blocks are adopted in each encoder-decoder layer to obtain the hierarchical features. The decoding module is applied to reconstruct the enhanced speech based on the output from transformer module. Experimental results on the benchmark dataset indicate that our proposed SE-DPTUNet achieves a competitive performance compared with existing models while having significantly reduced model complexity.


Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) can measure small bowel motility, reduction in which reflects inflammatory burden in Crohn's Disease (CD). However, it is unknown if motility improves with successful treatment.


The theory of Rule of Law and Rechtsstaat(legalism) is law-principle in modem agees. The Rule of Law is a expression in England and the Rechtsstaat is a expression in Deutschland. The tradition of the discretion in nation-power and the law-trust under the rule of law in England are more growing as the basis of English law. Moreover, The rule of law is deeply situated in English Constitutional Law as an fundamental ideology for all constitutional order. Rechtstaat is inherently a product of historic circumstances that the monarch and his obeying forces in despotism-monarch-nation had trespassed on freedom and rights of people. This is aimed at the institutional protection of the fundamental rights of individuals by the nation-power execution by law based on in born rights of natural law. The theory of the rule of law and the rechtsstaat is a striking contrast in the establishment-course. This thesis is aimed at the harmony with the rule of law and the rechtsstaat adapted in the most nations. Moreover, it will contribute to the adequate realization of th rule of law and the rechtsstaat in our country by grasping the establishment-course, the contents, the fundamental point at issue of the rule of law and the rechtsstaat.


It has been estimated (Ingrain & Preston, 1970) that ovcr oiic inillion differential lcucocytc counts (DLCs) are carried out daily in the United States. Besides being laborious and time consuming, the Ioo-cell DLC as carried out in most laboratories on a 'wedge' blood film is grossly inaccurate. The error of the DLC has been widely reviewed (England & Bain, 1976) and may be subdivided into three components, namely distributional errors resulting from the film preparation technique, statistical errors, which are a function of the number of cclls counted, and observer variability. It is therefore to be hoped that automation, besides eliminating a tedious chore, might also improve the accuracy and precision of the data obtained.


Seventeen soil profiles were sampled in the south of Santa Cruz Island (Galapagos Islands); six in the surroundings of Bella Vista (BV), seven along a catena to Crocker Mountain (CM) to the north and four along a catena to the Camote volcano (CT) NE of Bella Vista. BV soils are developed on olivine basalts; CM soils on basaltic tephras and slope deposits; and CT soils on basaltic tephras. The sampling was also representative of three of the bioclimatic belts of the area: the transition zone (situated between the arid coastal area and the more humid higher areas)(TZ, 100-240m a.s.l.; includes BV soils and the lower elevation profile of each catena); the Scalesiazone (SZ, 240-400 m a.s.l.; 4 soils); and the brown zone (BZ, 400-500 m a.s.l.; 5 soils). The fine earth fraction of soil horizons (56 samples) was analysed for C, N and H using a LECO TruSpec CHN analyser, and by XRF for Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Pb and Nb.


Pervious pavements have been used as water harvesting systems and studies have shown the value of water derived from pervious pavements as irrigation water for landscaping. An alternative system is a modification known as a macro-pervious pavement system. These devices infiltrate water through discrete points into a porous subbase offering all the benefits of the pervious pavement along with an ability to use the specially designed infiltration systems as a means of protecting the sub surface environment from major oil spillages. This paper reports ongoing research aimed at assessing the suitability of water derived from both pervious and macro-pervious pavement installations for irrigation use. Results are reported from ongoing field studies of a 6 year old macro-pervious pavement and, for comparative purposes, a 10 year old pervious pavement system which illustrates the great potential of pavement derived water from both types of system and some of the problems which require care in the management of the irrigation system.


Summary A new species of the recently designated crustacean class Tantulocarida (Deoterthron megacephala sp. nov.) is described from New Zealand waters, ectoparasitic on an undescribed new species of the deep sea asellote genus Haploniscus, collected by epibenthic sledge at a depth of 1386 metres. Illustrations of the new parasite include the first scanning electron microscope photographs of a tantulocaridan. The genotype, Deoterthron dentatum Bradford & Hewitt has been re-examined to clarify certain structural features.


Tumors of the glomus jugularis have only recently been recognized, and few cases have been reported. A brief review of the literature, summary of the clinical characteristics and the presentation of an additional case are the purpose of this report. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Guild 1 in 1941 reported his discovery in the temporal bone of a minute structure, which he termed glomus jugularis. It is histologically identical with the carotid body and is situated in the adventitia of the dome of the jugular bulb covered by the bone of the hypotympanum. Its innervation and blood supply are the glossopharyngeal nerve and ascending pharyngeal artery. In this respect also it is similar to the carotid body, which has the same blood and nerve supply. Rosenwasser 2 in 1945 made the first report of a tumor of the glomus jugularis. Additional cases have since been reported by Kipkie, 3 Le Compte and associates, 4


This work discusses combinatorial and arithmetic aspects of cohomology vanishing for divisorial sheaves on toric varieties. We obtain a refined variant of the Kawamata-Viehweg theorem which is slightly stronger. Moreover, we prove a new vanishing theorem related to divisors whose inverse is nef and has small Kodaira dimension. Finally, we give a new criterion for divisorial sheaves for being maximal Cohen-Macaulay.


Introduction: Preeclampsia is an important cause of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, this condition remains poorly understood, and since the only cure is delivery, prediction and prevention are crucial to prevent preterm birth or maternal compromise. Aim: To determine the levels of acute phase reactants, namely high-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen, between preeclamptic and non preeclamptic pregnancies. Additionally, the study aims to determine the predictive value of these acute phase reactants for preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: A prospective mixed methods study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals and two specialist hospitals in the Ijebu/Remo axis of Ogun state, Nigeria. Preeclamptic participants were recruited during pregnancy and postpartum and matched with non preeclamptic controls (case-control arm, n=179, comprised of 87 preeclamptics and 92 controls). Additionally, a cohort of non preeclamptic women (n=71) was recruited and biomarker-assayed before 20 weeks gestation, followed-up for the development of preeclampsia. The biomarker assay was performed using the ELISA technique. The Student's t-test was used to compare the mean levels of markers between the studied groups. Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The levels of hsCRP were significantly higher in pregnant preeclamptic women (12.71±1.99 mg/L) compared to non preeclamptic women (4.39±3.41 mg/L) (p-value=0.001). Similarly, fibrinogen levels were elevated in preeclamptic women (9.45±1.28 g/L) compared to non preeclamptic women (7.19±1.86 g/L) (p-value =0.001). This trend was also observed among postpartum women, with hsCRP levels of 10.39±2.43 mg/L in preeclamptics compared to 2.53±2.06 mg/L in non preeclamptics (p-value=0.001). The mean fibrinogen level was 8.63±1.91 g/L in preeclamptics compared to 4.09±1.66 g/L in non preeclamptics. Fibrinogen demonstrated a higher specificity (88.9%) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 100% compared to hsCRP (specificity=47.1% and NPV=76.1%). The biomarker levels also correlated significantly with the severity of preeclampsia. For hsCRP, there was a correlation with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (r-value=0.385, p-value=0.001), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (r-value=0.364, p-value=0.001), and proteinuria (r-value=0.314, p-value=0.001). For fibrinogen, there was a correlation with SBP (r-value=0.252, p-value=0.014), DBP (r-value=0.378, p-value=0.001), and proteinuria (r-value=0.356, p-value=0.001). Conclusion: Although hsCRP and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher and correlated well with the severity of preeclampsia, their use for prediction may be limited. However, fibrinogen appears to have better prospects.


In material science and engineering, the grain structure inside a super-alloy sample determines its mechanical and physical properties. In this paper, we develop a new Multichannel Edge-Weighted Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (MCEWCVT) algorithm to automatically segment all the 3D grains from microscopic images of a super-alloy sample. Built upon the classical k-means/CVT algorithm, the proposed algorithm considers both the voxel-intensity similarity within each cluster and the compactness of each cluster. In addition, the same slice of a super-alloy sample can produce multiple images with different grain appearances using different settings of the microscope. We call this multichannel imaging and in this paper, we further adapt the proposed segmentation algorithm to handle such multichannel images to achieve higher grain-segmentation accuracy. We test the proposed MCEWCVT algorithm on a 4-channel Ni-based 3D super-alloy image consisting of 170 slices. The segmentation performance is evaluated against the manually annotated ground-truth segmentation and quantitatively compared with other six image segmentation/edge-detection methods. The experimental results demonstrate the higher accuracy of the proposed algorithm than the comparison methods.


The national scheme of milk recording in Italy is currently based mainly on the collection of records on milk yield and composition. Recently, increasing attention has been paid also to other traits that are helpful for improving management of dairy herds and for increasing efficiency of breeding schemes. Given this concern, a project for extending the recording procedure to some functional traits has been started in April 1998, enrolling some milk recording agencies of Veneto region. Operators of milk recording agencies collect data, and visits to registered herds occur at 4-wk interval. The scheme planned the collection of traits ordinarily recorded in the national scheme (milk yield, fat and protein content, pedigree information, animal identification, calving date, insemination and culling date) and "new" traits: i) BCS, mastitis and lameness, recorded on periparturient heifers (since about two months before the expected calving date), lactating and dry cows every 4 weeks; ii) retained placenta and mammary oedema, recorded on heifers and cows at calving; iii) leakage, milkability and temperament while milking, recorded on lactating cows every 4 weeks; iv) reasons for culling, recorded on all culled animals. Training of recording personnel at the start of the project and procedures aimed to improve the standardisation of BCS will be discussed. Moreover, with the aim of encouraging the true participation of farmers, the development of tools for supporting herd management decisions based on analysis and interpretation of BCS data are in progress and will be described. Currently, 88 dairy herds have been enrolled on this project, and 35 operators have been involved in the recording of functional traits. This produced a database, currently containing nearly 77,600 records from nearly 9,300 Holsteins females that will be of a value for studying the relations of body reserves status and change during lactation with milk yield, health and


According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the three-dimensional touch screen panel, located at the bottom of the screen covering the screen covering LCD positioned below the touch sensor, the touch-sensing unit which detects a touch position on the screen cover module, and the LCD panel to the LCD module, comprising a middle frame, which houses the LCD module and the screen cover includes a first glass layer and a second glass layer, which is located across a liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer, the second comprises a LCD module cover of conductive material for housing the pressure sensitive layer, the LCD module, the conductive material which is located beneath the glass layer and the pressure sensitive layer is located spaced from the bottom surface of the LCD module cover, wherein output a signal corresponding to the capacitance which changes according to the magnitude of touch pressure applied to the screen covering It provides a three-dimensional touch screen panel.


Waste management has become very challenging in our society. Different types of wastes which are produced in our society have been investigated. Special attention has been given in the management methods of waste.


ABSTRACT Anti-reductionist Theories of Action are, in general, accounts of action according to which the role the agent plays in the production of her action cannot be reduced to her mental events or states. Proponents of these theories present claims according to which Anti-reductionist Theories of Action better capture the sense of agency that agents experience when performing intentional actions than the competing Causal Theory of Action. I will investigate the arguments supporting these claims and argue that they do not survive scrutiny, especially when taking into consideration the neuro-cognitive information available about the sense of agency. Anti-reductionist Theories of Action seem incompatible with the empirical account of sense of agency, as show experiments focusing on action selection, the comparator model, and perception of the relation between action and its outcome. Alternatively, the Causal Theory of Action is more able to accommodate and explain the sense of agency.


Seasonal migration of waterfowl, in which avian influenza viruses are enzootic, plays a strong role in the ecology of this disease. Consequently, detailed analysis of migratory patterns and its influence on disease ecology is needed to aid design and assessment of prophylaxis and containment strategies. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel methodology for generating a global agent-based model involving detailed migratory patterns of waterfowl. The methodology transforms geographic information systems (GIS) data to generate metapopulation for agents that model collocated flocks of birds. Generic migratory corridors are suitably adapted to model migratory flyways for each waterfowl metapopulation. The resulting data is generated in XML format compatible with our simulation-based epidemiological analysis environment called SEARUMS. Case studies conducted using SEARUMS and the generated models for high-risk waterfowl species indicate good correlation between simulated and observed viral dispersion patterns, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.


This paper is an analysis of the municipal performance measurement systems in Ontario and Quebec affecting about 2/3 of all Canadian citizens. The article describes these two systems; how the systems came to be, their goals, types of indicators, accountability and reporting requirements, data analysis, and requirements for performance reporting. After a discussion of the broad literature related to municipal performance measurement both globally and in Canada, the two cases are described in terms of political background, system components, measurement requirements, and reporting requirements. Analysis of these systems then follows comparing the two systems which are similar but unique in significant ways. This analysis has implications for these provinces as well as other jurisdictions with, or considering, mandated municipal performance systems.


Reuse of leachates by recycling them for composting is part of the circular economy. However, directly returning compost leachates to the mixture might increase the concentration of contaminants in the stabilized mass. The application of the ultrasonic modification of leachate was aimed at increasing the activity of microorganisms and the availability of nutrients, and reducing the number of pathogenic species. The purpose of the work was to determine the impact of variable ultrasonic (time and amplitude) field parameters on the biochemical properties, and number of selected groups of microorganisms, of leachates from a composting process. The tests used short sonication times of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s and vibration amplitudes of 15.25, 30.5, and 46 µm. The assessment was made on the basis of changes in numbers of microbial communities (mesophilic, thermophilic, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and fungi) and enzymatic activity (dehydrogenases-DHA), as well as respiratory activity (AR). Based on the conducted research, it was found that the leachate sonication time of 60 s and amplitude 30.5 µm were the most effective. The above parameters were considered borderline, above which there were no significant differences in the values of the analyzed indicators.


Superintendents list politics as the top factor that impedes their job performance, according to a 2015 American Association of School Administrators survey (Education Week, 2015). State interventions in low-performing schools and district turnaround efforts tend to be especially contentious, as demonstrated by public protest in such communities as New Orleans (Buras, 2015; Jabar, 2015), Memphis (Glazer & Egan, 2016), Newark (Russakoff, 2015), and even smaller Massachusetts cities such as Holyoke (Williams, 2015). At the same time, research suggests that the effective navigation of politics is a crucial component of successful and sustainable district improvement initiatives (Honig & Coburn, 2008; Johnson et al., 2015; Jochim, 2013; Stone, Henig, Jones & Pierannunzi, 2001). Unfortunately, the academic literature is short on guidance for leaders looking to implement politically viable district turnaround.


Reference collection of seeds and/or fruits dispersed by brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in southern Brazil Ó.M. Chaves, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, email: email@example.com Notes: Seeds collected during the period 2011-2014. Alien plant species are indicated with asterisks. Growth forms: trees (T), palms (P), lianas (L), vines (V), and epiphytes (E). , V , V , P


for an Invited Paper for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Beller Lectureship Talk: Ultrafast Excitation Energy Transfer and the Mechanism of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Plant Photosynthesis RIENK VAN GRONDELLE, VU University Amsterdam The success of photosynthesis relies on two ultrafast processes: excitation energy transfer in the light-harvesting antenna followed by charge separation in the reaction center. LHCII, the peripheral light-harvesting complex of Photosystem II, plays a major role. At the same time, the same light-harvesting system can be 'switched' into a quenching state, which effectively protects the reaction center of Photosystem II from over-excitation and photodamage. In this talk I will demonstrate how LHCII collects and transfers excitation energy. Using single molecule spectroscopy we have discovered how LHCII can switch between this light-harvesting state, a quenched state and a red-shifted state. We show that the switching properties between the light-harvesting state and the quenched state depend strongly on the environmental conditions, where the quenched state is favoured under 'NPQ-like' conditions. It is argued that this is the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching in plants.


Substitutional impurities in the CuO2 planes of the cuprates allow us to probe the electronic properties of the host material. The pseudo-gap in the underdoped regime is unmodified far from the impurities even though Tc is greatly reduced. The spin polarization induced by magnetic impurities has an oscillatory behavior reflecting the existing AF correlations between the Cu spins. Its influence on the NMR spectra opens a way to determine the q dependence of the static spin susceptibility and the T dependence of the AF correlation length. NMR measurements demonstrate that non-magnetic impurities such as Zn induce a local moment behavior on the neighboring Cu sites. This magnetism revealed by spin-less sites can be understood on theoretical grounds in the case of undoped quantum spin systems, while here the carriers greatly complicate the situation. Susceptibility data show that the magnitude of the local moment decreases with increasing hole doping. This experimental evidence directly reflects the influence...


The aim of this article is to reveal how a category of people that did not exist before in South Africa was created when the first group of indentured Indians arrived on the shores of Natal. In so doing, it examines how significant social and political role players contributed to the shaping of an Indian identity and in turn the perceptions of Indians in South Africa. Through data obtained primarily from The Mercury from the period 1860–1910, this article exposes the role of the state and the media in shaping the identity of the initial Indian immigrants and thereafter their descendants. The forms of "othering" of these initial immigrants and their descendants within this period, as well as how notions of foreignness pervaded the discourse around "Indians," are also presented and discussed.


The last few years have seen considerable advances in the field of computerised bibliographic control. In addition to the mainframe‐based systems such as MARC, there has been increasing interest in mini‐ and microcomputer systems for both technical processing and information retrieval. With these developments has come a re‐examination of the usefulness of bibliographic standards which have emerged since libraries started facing the needs of interlibrary communication. This reconsideration of standards has prompted among many librarians the idea that the advent of computerised systems means the end of the need for standardisation. There is a general feeling that it is no longer necessary to require cataloguers (if they figure at all in the argument anyway) to create records in the rigorous way demanded by the likes of the Anglo‐American cataloguing rules (AACR). The power of the computer, it is felt, obviates the sophisticated and resource‐wasting processing that goes on in cataloguing departments; and features such as boolean searching, truncation, etc, can get over the need for accurate specification of authors' names or the titles of documents.