Fusion welding processes do not find attention due to their restriction to use for certain grades of materials and alloys. Friction Stir welding (FSW) or the solid-state joining process has proven to be a more efficient process for the welding of metal-matrix reinforced composite butt joints by employing various combinations of reinforcement particles and base matrices compared to the fusion welding process. Due to the solid-state nature of the FSW process, no melting of base material would occur which leads to no toxic fumes, low energy consumption, environmentally friendly, and ease of operation that makes FSW a more versatile welding process for aerospace, automobile, and transportation industries. However, the challenges in joining metal matrix reinforced composites remain even with a substantial advancement in the process made during current years. This review article outlines a brief overview of the state of art of metal matrix reinforced welds joined using FSW. More emphasis with critical evaluation has been done on the (a) macrostructural and microstructural characteristics of a metal matrix reinforced welds which merely depend on the plasticized material flow and reinforcement particles behavior and its difficulty for uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the weld zone based on the combination of reinforcement particles and the metal matrix materials, (b) assessment of mechanical properties of the metal matrix reinforced welds those are directly interdependent on the selection of process parameters by which the grain refinement and their reinforcement particles distribution depend that leads to changes in such properties, and (c) fracture and wear properties of the metal matrix reinforced welds which again depends on the reinforcement particles and the metal matrix materials combination. The conclusions of this review are ended up with recommendations for the directions for future research.


This study aims to uncover and describe the transformation of the meaning of learning at the millennial generation mindset. The research approach used is a qualitative research method through a naturalistic phenomenological design. The research subjects consisted of 80 students at the State University which consisted of 3 groups of students from 7 faculties whose average age was 19-24 years: 1) active in student organizations (Ormawa), 2) active in Student Activity Units (UKM) ), and 3) students who are not active at all only attend lecture activities. The data comes from the results of interviews and observations that are analyzed through the stages of synthesis and selection of data, data display, data verification and conclusion, then tested its reliability through cross-checking data sources, comparison of results of literature review, extension of research time, academic feasibility audits through experts, and confirmation to the data source about the accuracy of the meaning of information. The results of this study provide an understanding that there is a transformation of the meaning of learning in the mindset of the millennial generation which is based on changes in students' self as learners and the learning transformation environment in higher education that can support changes in learning outcomes. Changes in students' self as learners in the form of: 1) Self Change, Self Experience, Creativity, motivation, orientation, maturation. A learning transformation environment in higher education that can support changes in learning outcomes, in the form of: 1) Innovation, 2) technology-based, 3) creative and 4) positive condition


In particle collisions like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a large number of physical objects, called jets, are created. They originated from hadrons, gluons, or quarks, and it is important to identify their origin. For example, a b-jet produced from a bottom quark has features, which can be used for its identification called a "b-tagging" algorithm, enabling precise measurement of the Higgs boson and search for other new particles from the beyond the standard model. Machine learning models have been proposed by various researchers to identify jet flavors, but only for specific flavor classification, e.g., classification of the bottom quark and other quarks/gluons (b-tagging), or classification of quarks and gluons (quark and gluon separation). In this study, we propose a method and show its results, where we extend the classification to all flavors except top quark: b/c/s/d/u/g at once using a modern method based on a recently developed training strategy for image recognition models.


Concerns questions such as that posed by the title in respect of the development of corporate communications in its triumvirate form of management communication, organizational communication, and marketing communication as identified by Van Riel (1995). Posits that the major theoretical foundations for corporate communications can be drawn directly from public relations. Terminologies must be firmly anchored in a well understood framework, recognized by both practitioners and academics and based on five crucial research questions.


Cuttings which developed in different period and cultured in different matrix were studied in propagation for five tree species,Calocedrus macrolepis,Podocarpus macrophylla,Platycladus orentalis,Euphorbia publcherrima and Gingo biloba The rooting rate of these cuttings were 52%~100%


In discussions regarding the supply of coking or blend coal to the steel industry, the possibility of abstracting such coal from fine coal produced in the Witbank coal-field has been mentioned on a number of occasions. At the request of the Steel Industry, the Fuel Research Institute has undertaken a survey covering practically all the producing collieries that could reasonably be considered. Samples of duff coal and pea coal, as normally produced, were subjected to detailed washing tests in the laboratory. These tests indicate that, on an average, about 30 per cent of a swelling fraction can be extracted from the duff by washing the coal at a specific gravity of 1i?½35. This material, having adequate swelling properties and an average ash content of about 5 per cent, should constitute a very valuable :omponent of blends used for coke production. Many of the duff coals can be treated at a specific gravity of 1i?½40 to yield about 50 per cent of a product having an average ash content of 6i?½5 per cent and an average swelling number of 3. If such theoretical separations could be effected in practice, some 43,000 to 57,000 tons per month of swelling coal (dependmg on the speclfic gravlty of separation chosen), could be made available for coke production from duff coal alone. Pea coal separations at specific gravities higher than about 1i?½35 would not yield sufficiently strongly swelling coal in most cases. Almost 20,000 tons per month of blend coal could be produced from the pea coal by washing at a specific gravity of 1i?½35. These small coal products, derived during normal mining operations in the Witbank coal-field, could thus make a very important contribution towards satisfying the demand of coke producers for swelling coal. The success of such an extraction process would, however, depend to a considerable extent on the ulilization of the rejected non-swelling coal for steam raising purposes. In order to make it acceptable fuel users, this non-swelling fraction may require rewashing to produce a product that would be at least as acceptable to fuel users as the raw duff or peas. Tests have shown that by washing the non-swelling fractions at a specific gravity of 1i?½58, it would be possible to obtain a fuel having a somewhat lower volatile matter content but at the same time, a lower ash content than the raw coal. The calorific value should not differ appreciably from that of the raw coal and the middlings would probably be more uniform in quality. Thus small deficiencies in one respect would probably be offset by advantages in other respects. A more serious consideration is that, when aiming at a maximum extraction of swelling coal from the Witbank smalls, a shortage of steam coal of this type would arise and a modification of current mining and preparation practice might be required, to make this good. The possibilities of such an extraction process can obviously only be fully assessed after tests on a sufficiently large scale to enable one to arrive at all the essential engineering and economic data have been completed. As the tests descriptionbed in this report have only been conducted on a laboratory scale, no attempt has been made to speculate on the economics of the process.


This paper considers plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride (SiNx) and silicon oxide (SiOx) as gate dielectrics for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), with solution-processed poly[5,5′-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-2,2′-bithiophene] (PQT-12) as the active semiconductor layer. We examine transistors with SiNx films of varying composition deposited at 300 °C as well as 150 °C for plastic compatibility. The transistors show over 100% (two times) improvement in field-effect mobility as the silicon content in SiNx increases, with mobility (μFE) up to 0.14 cm2/V s and on/off current ratio (ION/IOFF) of 108. With PECVD SiOx gate dielectric, preliminary devices exhibit a μFE of 0.4 cm2/V s and ION/IOFF of 108. PQT-12 OTFTs with PECVD SiNx and SiOx gate dielectrics on flexible plastic substrates are also presented. These results demonstrate the viability of using PECVD SiNx and SiOx as gate dielectrics for OTFT circuit integration, where the low temperature and large area deposition capabi...


With the 2008 election of the fi rst "post-boomer" US President, Barack Obama, generational discussions have once again permeated the US and international popular media. In normative terms, there is something transcendental and even hopeful about contemporary generational talk. Although such ideas are gross simplifi cations, the "Millennial" generation in the United States is often associated with idealist attitudes and volunteerism, while the "Greatest Generation" of World War II veterans remains an iconic example of heroism and selfsacrifi ce. Generational thinking has similarly animated political discussions in other countries. Despite the use of the term Null Stunde (zero hour) to refer to the fundamental nature of its break with the past, West Germany's transition from the Nazi era to liberal democracy was fraught with generational confl icts, often framed by the question asked by many German young people of the "68 Generation": "what did you do during the war?" 1 In South Korea, the emergence of the "386 Generation"—denoting the computer processor speed common to its members' year of birth—has marked the transition from older Koreans' general acceptance of the historical role of the United States in Republic of Korea politics with a new generation that has questioned and often resisted American infl uence. 2


The properties of ZnO nanoparticles were modified by doping them with cobalt ions (Co 2+ ) in various compositions through a sol-gel route. The Co 2+ -doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV/Visspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential measurements. Ahexagonal wurtzite-phase structure of Co 2+ -doped ZnO was observed, with a slight decrease in particle size as the Co 2+ doping concentration increased. Absorption byCo 2+ -doped ZnO was found to shift to longer wavelengths, towards the visible region, which was also confirmed by photoluminescence analysis. The band gap of the Co 2+ -doped ZnO samples decreased from 3.19 to 2.66 eV as the content of dopant Co 2+ increased from 0.0 to 1.0 wt.%. The zeta potential results showed slight effects of Co 2+ doping compared withundoped ZnO, indicating that Co 2+ doping influences the optical properties and morphology of pure ZnO nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the Co 2+ -doped ZnO samples was evaluated for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution under solar radiation. The Co 2+ -doped ZnO samples showed higher effective removal of the dye using the optimal doping of 0.50 wt.%, which produced higher efficiency (about 96%, compared with80%for pure ZnO).


The principal goal of this thesis is to analyze the works of the corpus as mythical narratives that carry the notion of the national myth and that participate in the creation of the national myth of the society and the nation in question. The work is divided into four sections. The first section inspects the national ideology and the notion of the national myth. The second is dedicated to analyzing the works of our corpus as the mythical narratives. The principal idea is to analyze the works at hand as if they were created around the nationalist ideology (that serves as a mythomoteur, according to the definition proposed by Anthony D. Smith). The third section inspects the diachronical axis of the mythical narrative and the placement of the works on a temporal line (on that diachronical axis), while the fourth section inspects the relation between the ideology carried by the works of the corpus and the success of the creation of the American and Yugoslav national myth.


Two-electron reduction of bis(1,3-imidazolinium) salts 2 and 3 with KC8 gives rise to stable diradicaloids 4 and 5, respectively. Calculations reveal a very low singlet–triplet energy gap ΔES–T for 5 (10.7 kcal mol–1), while ΔES–T for 4 (29.1 kcal mol–1) is rather large.


Village Stability Operations (VSO) were one of the most important pacification-stability operations efforts in Afghanistan during the late stages of Operation Enduring Freedom. Aptly named as an ap...


Discover research tools to help you find articles, books, and other resources related to exercise science! Tools to help you find articles


Chantry House Gallery, in Ripley near Harrogate, is hosting an Autumn season celebrating the art of Yorkshire landscape painting with two of the ...


A Web Search Engine is designed to search for information over World Wide Web. When user submits a query, the generated information is often very large and inaccurate, that results in increased user perceived latency. In this paper, a novel approach of Definition-based search is being introduced that solves this problem. The proposed system searches and displays results based on themes, definitions and synonyms of the query keywords generally extracted from the web resources and stored in a separate definition repository. It extends the traditional keyword based web search in order to provide semantic and context based search. The system works as a layer above the keyword based search engine to generate sub-queries based on different meanings of query keywords, which in turn, are sent to the next layer i.e. to keyword-based search engine to perform Web search. The experiments show that this approach is efficient as it results in relevant pages and reduces the search space to a large extent.


In this paper, we present techniques to detect Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography for images. Here, images can be hidden inside lower bits of the pixels of the cover image. We use image statistics to detect two cases when hidden image is stored as one big chunk (Simple Mode) or spread out(Shuffle Mode). The results are presented on a synthetically generated database of around 350 steganographic images. We also analyze the detection rate of a popular steganography tool, StegDetect against a hiding tool, JPHide. Based on this analysis, we present intuitions about what types of images can act as good cover images for this tool.


Background: The guar, known as Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., is an annual, summer plant of the legume family and importance of guar as a food, industrial and medicinal product is new in the cultivation pattern. Methods: This combined experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two consecutive years (2020-2021) under the climatic conditions of Jiroft area (Kerman province, Iran) in the farm of research center and agricultural and natural resources education. Three levels of Nitrogen (20, 60 and 100 kg pure nitrogen per hectare) from a source of urea and phosphorus fertilizer at two levels (zero and 75 kg P2O5 source per hectare) and a source of monopotassium phosphate fertilizer and three levels of planting row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) equivalent to 47, 31 and 24 plants per square meter, plant density was taken into account. Result: The highest chlorophyll a (2.69 mg/fresh weight), chlorophyll b (1.97 mg/fresh weight) and carotenoid (2.64 mg/fresh weight) was measured for guar in treatment N3P2D3 under application nitrogen 100 kg/ha-1 + phosphorus 75 kg/ha-1 + planting row distance 60 cm, while the lowest chlorophyll a (1.85 mg/fresh weight), chlorophyll b (1.25 mg/fresh weight) and carotenoid (1.72 mg/fresh weight)was observed in treatment N1P1D1 under nitrogen 20 kg/ha-1 + phosphorus zero kg/ha-1 + planting row distance 30 cm.


Background and Objectives
Older adults who have personal experience with the mental health service delivery system gain unique and potentially valuable insight from their treatment experiences. Research suggests that incorporating trained individuals in recovery from a mental illness (i.e., peer educators) into mental health service delivery roles results in substantial benefits for current mental health consumers, particularly for older adults and racial and ethnic minorities who may feel disenfranchised from the traditional mental health service delivery system. However, little research has examined the impact of participating in these activities on the peer educators themselves.

Research Design and Methods
This mixed methods study examines the experiences of 10 African American older adults in recovery from depression currently working as trained peer educators. Peer educators reported feeling more positive, feeling their lives had significantly improved, and feeling better in general due to their peer educator roles.

Results
This qualitative investigation highlights four unique themes that can explain the benefit of serving in this capacity (i.e., Community Engagement, Life Long Learning and Education, Mental Health Recovery and Productive Aging).

Discussion and Implications
This study suggests that serving has a peer educator has a number of beneficial outcomes for African American older adults in recovery from depression.


Network security is conventionally implemented at the edge of the network (such as SSL, SSh), or router-based filtering. They require the awareness from the users and the understanding of the complicated configuration. They do little to provide resilience to network attacks. In this paper, we discuss a different approach to enhance of network security. We use smarter routers to build security mechanisms (source authentication, flow control, encryption) into the fabric of the network. It allows for incremental upgrading as well as compatibility with all current protocols. Since the security mechanisms are at the router level, there is no impact on the end user. We also show some implementation and simulation results.


10528 Background: The ability to identify patients early in the course of treatment who will or will not benefit from treatment is important in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcomas (STS) d...


It is, I think, common knowledge that in the course of the war the defences of Gibraltar were strengthened, the garrison reinforced, and the civilian population largely evacuated. But there was another notable measure taken which, so far as I know, has escaped publicity. It is not easy to come by information on the affairs of Gibraltar, but the local belief is that during a brief official visit to the Rock, Mr. Churchill became aware that the famous Apes had so decreased in numbers as to make their continued existence precarious. Conscious, no doubt, of our Society's good purpose, and aware, perhaps, of the age-long belief that if ever the Apes should come to an end a like fate would befall our possession of Gibraltar, the Prime Minister gave an urgent order that the Apes should be increased by such a number as would ensure their preservation. This was done by an importation of monkeys of the same species (Macaca, sylvana) from Barbary, across the Straits, and these are now, to all appearance, well established in their new home. Their location is about half-way up the Rock, and accessible by road. A soldier of the garrison has charge of them and notice boards here and there request visitors "not to touch or feed the roaming Apes", but in practice no objection is made if anyone wishes to give them fruit. Judging by the number of young ones, the Apes have multiplied since their arrival and the total colony appears to amount now to about twenty.


In this article symmetry reductions and exact solutions are presented for the (2+1)‐dimensional Davey–Stewartson (DS) system which has the completely integrable DSI and DSII systems as special cases. These symmetry reductions are obtained using the direct method originally developed by Clarkson and Kruskal to study symmetry reductions of the Boussinesq equation which involves no group theoretic techniques. The DS system is reduced directly to ordinary differential equations, with no intermediate step. Using these reductions exact solutions of the DS system including some expressible in terms of the second and fourth Painleve equations and elementary functions are obtained.


include contributing to charitable organizations in the Philippines, raising awareness of various issues such as workers' rights and human trafficking, and performing mission work. In all, this study provides a detailed account of the lives of Filipinas in western Canada. This book is recommended for scholars interested in migration, transnationalism, diaspora, gender, and identity and community.


The notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the perspective of sustainability has been a part of the academic discussion in recent years. Different studies have also highlighted the inability of the SME sector to implement a CSR plan to achieve sustainability objectives. However, why this sector is unable to adopt CSR is something that has not been properly attended by contemporary scholars. Against this backdrop, the current study aims to explore the major barriers that inhibit SMEs from implementing CSR and sustainability measures. The current study data were collected from the senior management of different SMEs in Pakistan and were analyzed using thematic analysis to extract different patterns of themes. The results unveil that the "lack of finances" is the most critical barrier for CSR, followed by the "lack of CSR knowledge." The implications for theory and practice are also discussed in detail.


Remote sensing provides an excellent source of data from which land cover changes can be analyzed. Land cover change detection in images obtained from remote sensing is used to identify the magnitude, direction and rate of land cover changes. Remote sensing change detection has played an important role in many applications such as land cover monitoring, disaster monitoring and urban sprawl. Many techniques have been proposed for land cover change detection. This paper is focused to provide a review of commonly used change detection techniques in remote sensing, their applications, and related issues in conjunction with the comparison of their strengths and limitations.


A modified nano-particle carbon black(nano-CB) was used as amendment for controlling the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in soil by cultivation experiment. The nano-CB significantly reduced the bioavailability of soil Cu and Zn. Compared with the control,the bioavailable soil Cu concentration decreased about 47.3%,72.0% and 80.89% after 60days of cultivation with 1%,3%,and 5% nano-CB,respectively;bioavailable soil Zn concentration decreased by 3.0%,17.7% and 43.6%,respectively. The treatment of packet application was not better than mixed application and needed more time for equilibrium,but the CB which adsorbed heavy metal from soil could be easily taken out. Nano-CB amendment significantly increased biomass of ryegrass and reduced the uptake of Cu and Zn concentration in ryegrass. Application of nano-CB reduced exchangeable and cabonate-bound soil Cu and Zn in ryegrass rhizosphere,and increased the proportion of organic/sulphide fractions.


Abstract : Vector plane-wave superpositions defined by a given set of orthonormal scalar functions on a two- or three- dimensional manifold are treated. We present a technique for composing orthonormal electromagnetic beams in complex media and free space. New families of exact time-harmonic solutions of the homogeneous Maxwell equations in linear media (isotropic, chiral, anisotropic, and bianisotropic) and free space, which describe orthonormal electro magnetic beams, are obtained.


Crowdsourcing provides a cost effective and conve-nient way for label collection. However, it fails to guarantee the quality of crowdsourced labels. Inspired by homophily in social networks denoting the tendency of individuals with similar char-acteristics to be friends with each other, in this paper we propose a novel Homophily-aware Correction Approach for crowdsourced labels using Information Entropy (namely HaCAIE), to further achieve quality improvement of crowdsourced labels. Specifically, Our HaCAIE can be decomposed into three phases: $i$) seeking full semantic relations among entities, where HaCAIE models multiple explicit and implicit semantic relations among labelers, tasks and categories, based on homogeneous information network and related techniques; ii) calculating homophily, where HaCAIE utilizes adjacent relation matrices of labelers and tasks to calculate homophily among labelers; and iii) correcting labels, where for each task, HaCAIE employs information entropy and constructs a corresponding star homophily network to perform label correction. Our experimental results on six real-world datasets not only show that our HaCAIE performs well, but also demonstrate that HaCAIE can collaborate well with different inference algorithms in the field of crowdsourcing.


J. ADELEGAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT For years, it has been dinned into the governments of developing countries that financial liberalization is essential for prosperity. Instead of discouraging foreign investors, they were advised to open up so as to have access to global savings that could be invested in order to grow fast. This study examined the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on economic growth in Nigeria from 1970 to 1995 using a seemingly unrelated model. It was discovered that there is a negative FDI growth linkage in Nigeria. The flow is not channeled towards productive use, rather it is used to supplement con sumption, substitute for saving and devoted to the importation of consumer goods and services at the expense of investments and exports. INVESTISSEMENT ETRANGER DIRECT ET CROISSANCE ECONOMIQUE AU NIGERIA: UN MODELE APPAREMMENT SANS RAPPORT (SEEMINGLY UNRE LATED MODEL)


This paper investigates the performance of a coherent receiver for ultra-wide-band Impulse Radio. Specifically, we suppose that the useful signal is affected by a dispersive channel and that the receiver collects also multiple access interference (MAI), while experiencing frequency drifts due to clock mis-alignments. Building upon a Gaussian mixture (GM) model for MAI, the receiver uses a space alternating generalized expectation maximization (SAGE) estimation approach for all unknowns quantities: channel, frequency offsets, and data. Iterative and adaptive algorithms are formulated. The latter enables a low-complexity implementation of the whole estimation procedure with small performance loss. The provided simulations are a first step in evaluating the performance of a receiver coping with all the most critical uncertainties at the same time.


The Problem Limited research representing the field of human resource development (HRD) has challenged the masculine rationality in organizational culture, processes, and discourse; questioned power or gender hegemony within organizations; or examined how oppression and hegemony are manifested in the lives of different groups of women in a variety of work contexts. This limited scope of research has resulted in a lack of consideration and application of feminist theory, a valuable framework for examining issues relating to inequity and the subjugation of women. Compared with related fields, studies applying feminist theory in HRD research are fewer in number and less robust in terms of issues explored, research design, and target groups examined. The Solution A deeper examination of (a) populations beyond White middle class women, (b) the lives and experiences of women from varying backgrounds, (c) asymmetrical power relationships, (d) opportunities for women to gain knowledge and power, (e) the use of language and power to silence women, (f) gender as a social construct and essential category of analysis, and (g) ways to promote social change are presented along with recommendations to broaden the scope of research that applies feminist theory in HRD research and practice. The Key Stakeholders The examination of feminist theory is expected to benefit HRD researchers, practitioners, scholars, and women in the workforce.


Protoplast of the Streptomyces nanchangensis strain was mutated by different dosage of NTG and then selected with resistance mutational screening and random screening respectively,a high-yeilding strain 400-N-4s was obtained. Through the continuous 3 batches fermentation,its Nanchangmycin -A production is 20% higher than that of the parent strain 116-3r-68.The results of statistical analysis indicated that the the resistance mutational screening is a better approach to increase the yield of antibiotics.


The high-order vector SEM based on Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre(GLL)polynomials is applied to vector wave equation.Since the vector wave equation can be denoted as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system which will become a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system by the finite element discretization on spatial direction,we adopt 4th-order symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta(SPRK)method to solve the finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system for conserving total energy and structure of the system.


This chapter focuses on all aspects of haemodialysis: the principles, including vascular access; the machine, dialysate, and water; the prescription; complications; assessment of adequacy; and blood-borne viruses. Continuous renal replacement therapy, plasmapheresis, and immunoadsorption are also discussed.


The Christian churches often not only fall short of their noble ambitions, but actively perpetuate harm. This reality must be squarely faced, and a cogent theological account of this deformity must be forthcoming, otherwise the ecclesiological enterprise will fail. This essay turns to the thought of Bernard Lonergan in order to develop a theological account of ecclesial deformity, by articulating a framework for relating ecclesiological ideals and the empirical reality of actual churches. Both the ideal and the empirical are required for an adequate ecclesiology, for either, in isolation, fails to truly describe the church as it actually exists. This sets the stage for the churches to undertake the work of beginning to correct their ills.


ABS TRACT Ob jec ti ve: The ob jec ti ve of this study was to de ter mi ne the con ver si on ra tes of Tur kish re si dency the ses to sci en ti fic ar tic les. Ma te ri al and Met hods: 22.625 re si dency the ses writ ten at 28 uni ver sity hos pi tals, nine sta te hos pi tals and two mi li tary hos pi tals' re si dency prog ram mes and re cor ded at the web of Na ti o nal The sis Cen ter were se arc hed thro ugh Web of Sci en ce in or der to eva lu a te the ir pub li ca ti on pat tern in SCI-ex pan ded jo ur nals in 1980-2005. Re sults: The num ber of pub lis hed the sis at SCI ex pan ded jo ur nals was fo und to be 1397 (6.2%) with the me di an num ber of ci ta ti ons re ce i ved per pa per ran ging from 0.3 to 5.0. Pub li ca ti on per cen ta ge was hig hest for the ses writ ten at mi li tary hos pi tals and lo west for tho se writ ten at sta te hos pi tals. Conc lu si on: Per cen ta ge of pub lis hed the sis in Tur key is lo wer when com pa red to the re ma i ning Eu ro pe an Co un tri es. The re fo re, we ne ed al ter na ti ve prac ti ces to use our manpower, ti me and fi nan ci al re so ur ces mo re ef fec ti vely. The first al ter na ti ve is to put an end to the ob li ga ti on to wri te the sis in or der to comp le te re si dency tra i ning in so me types of hos pi tals or to con vert this ob li ga ti on to an op ti on. Anot her al ter na ti ve is to es tab lish a Na ti o nal The sis Ad vi sory Cen ter and ma ke it es sen ti al to get ap pro val from this cen ter in or der to con duct a the sis pro ject.


In September 2000, FEBS and EMBO organized the meeting 'Molecular mechanisms of development and disease' on the Island of Spetses in Greece. The symposium drew 23 speakers from the fields of transcription, developmental biology, cancer biology and signalling. As became readily apparent during the meeting, the study of improper recapitulation or modification of developmental and regulatory processes has led to an understanding of how their alteration or misregulation can cause disease. Importantly, a few of these processes can now be controlled, with beneficial consequences for the treatment of previously chronic or terminal diseases such as cancer. We selected a small fraction of the many superb talks for inclusion in this review, which gives an overview of the presented research.

### Developments in development

The completion of the Drosophila and Homo sapiens genome projects has enabled the rapid discovery of novel genes. Characterization of these genes in Drosophila has permitted rapid establishment of their relevance to human disease. Herbert Jackle (MPI, Gottingen, Germany) discussed one new gene, which encodes a novel Gβγ‐like protein that has homologues in mice and humans. Polymorphisms in this gene encourage the growth of adipose tissue at the expense of rapid movement. Variants of a sequence‐related gene have been found in the Inuit, Aborigine and other racial groups prone to obesity, but may have originally helped these people make the most efficient use of limited food supplies. The rapid discovery of this gene, and its unintended possible responsibility for a serious public health problem, highlighted the ability of basic developmental biology, in combination with functional genomics, to identify causes for human disease.

The discovery that a gene induces a particular phenotype, however, does not always shed light on the mechanism of action of the gene product. A good example of this is eyeless , a member of the Pax6 family of …


Driver distraction is widely recognized as a leading cause of car accident. It is important to detect and determine the mental condition during driver distraction. In this study the self-organizing map (SOM) is adopted to recognize of the cross-session variability in EEG dynamics for dealing with dual task involving driving and answering simple math questions in the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) conditions. EEG signal from the frontal and the motor cortex are integrated to use as the input data. Each trial of the input data was processed with removal of baseline, feature extraction, and normalization. Then, the processed data was recognized by the SOM which constructed 25*25 maps through a two phase training scheme. Our results demonstrated that five cases (three dual-task and two single-task cases) can be distinguished clearly by the SOM-based method. Especially each single-task case was clustered in a distinct spatial area of the maps and the other dual-task cases showed several subgroups in the middle of the maps. Although some neurons were mixed in the maps, the accuracy of each case was higher than 90% after labeling. In conclusion, even if there was no significant difference in the behavioral data between two cases, such as response time and driving performance, the proposed SOM-based exploratory


Water resources shortage can be availably relieved by the wastewater treatment. In this paper, we develop a novel event-based near-optimal tracking control algorithm for a class of unknown dynamic nonaffine systems, with the purpose of improving the control performance of the dissolved oxygen concentration and the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the nonlinear wastewater treatment plant. First, the classical heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) method is established to solve the near-optimal tracking control problem. Then, the event-triggered mechanism is introduced to reduce the communication burden in the traditional tracking control design. Meanwhile, the method can ensure that the closed-loop system has an acceptable performance in application. In addition, we provide three kinds of neural networks for the implementation of the event-based HDP algorithm. Finally, a wastewater treatment application is chosen to testify the superior performance of the proposed approach.


Propylene oxide was found to react easily with silica gel surfaces in the presence of water. The reaction obeyed second order kinetics with respect to the concentration of proton. Kinetic data suggested that propylene oxide was chemisorbed on the silica gel surfaces with ring opening.


Geoffrey Leech has been one of the founder figures of computer-aided corpus linguistics – a field in which his name will remain associated with key resources and important breakthroughs. His wide-ranging scholarly interests, his willingness to debate his ideas with scholars of different methodological persuasions to his own, his generous mentorship of younger scholars and his ability to present linguistic issues to an interested lay public will ensure him a lasting reputation beyond corpus linguistics. Geoff Leech was born in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, where he attended the small but reputable local grammar school. After his national service in the Royal Air Force, spent (mostly on the ground) in West Germany, he started his bachelor studies at University College London in 1956. It was obviously a case of the right person in the right place at the right time: a highly motivated student with a keen interest in the study of language confronting and benefitting from a most congenial and stimulating working environment and intellectual climate. It was the time in British academia when various language-related strands of research began to coalesce into the fully fledged academic discipline of linguistics as we know it today. As he himself put it many years later: 'I regard it as the most fortunate accident of my career that when I went to study at University College I chanced upon a magic circle of leading scholars in the study of language' (Leech, 2002: 155). In the late 1950s and early 1960s, inspiration for Geoff Leech came from the UCL phoneticians (Daniel Jones, A.C. Gimson and J.D. O'Connor), from John Rupert Firth (Britain's first designated professor of linguistics), from M.A.K. Halliday (Director of UCL's short-lived Communication Research Centre or CRC, where a research studentship sponsored by a commercial television broadcaster laid the foundations for Geoff Leech's master's thesis on the topic of English in advertising (see Leech, 1966), and above all, of course, from Randolph Quirk, who introduced Geoff Leech to the then yet-to-be-digitised Survey of English Usage (SEU) corpus


The paper describes the petrology,mineralogy and mineral composition of jadeite-bearing rocks at South Shitoushan,Hoh Xil Mountains ,northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The protolith of jadeite-bear-ing rocks is gabbro,with Permo-Carboniferous country rocks.As metamorphism did not proceed thor-oughly,the mineral assemblage of the protolith have been preserved.The typical high-pressure metamor-phic mineral assemblage is albite+jadeite+aegirine+glaucophane+epi dote+chlorite.Jadeite has lower SiO 2 and FeO contents and notably higher Al 2 O 3 and Na 2 O contents.The metamorphic mineral assemblage consists dominantly of Na-rich minerals and lacks quartz,which is different from the protolith composition and metamorphic mineral assemblage of jadeite-bearing rocks in China and other countries.So it is considered to be a new type of high-pressure and low-temperature jadeite rock.The Shitoushan high-pressure meta-morphic belt extends westward to Rola Kangri and Dahengshan and parallels the Xijinwulan-Jinsha suture zone(west segment )to the north.Thus it is inferred that the North Qiangtang-Qamdo plate on the southern side of the suture zone has been subducted northward beneath the Bayan Har plate.


Over‐expression of a 95‐kDa membrane protein (P‐95) has been reported previously in the multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) breast cancer cell line MCF‐7/AdrVp and the MDR small cell lung cancer line NC1‐H1688. We have now developed anti‐sera against gel‐purified P‐95 protein from each of these cell lines. Western blotting with each serum demonstrates a broad band at 95‐kDa with detergent‐solubilized membrane proteins from MCF‐7/AdrVp and NC1‐H1688 cells, which is barely detectable in membrane proteins from drug‐sensitive parental MCF‐7 cells. Each anti‐serum cross‐reacts with a 190‐kDa membrane protein (P‐190) in NC1‐H1688 but not MCF‐7/AdrVp cells. Immunoblotting and silver staining of NC1‐H 1688 membrane proteins separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrates that P‐95 and P‐190 run as broad streaks with low iso‐electric points. Incubation of NC1‐H 1686 cells with tunicamycin or cleavage of carbohydrate residues of NCI‐H 1688 or MCF‐7/AdrVp membrane proteins with PNGase F leads to the appearance of a sharp 35‐kDa band reactive with anti‐P‐95 antisera. This 35‐kDa protein has been isolated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Neuraminidase digestion converts P‐95 to a broad 65‐kDa immunoreactive band, indicating the presence of terminal sialic acid residues. In conclusion, P‐95 is an N‐linked sialoglycoprotein with a 35‐kDa polypeptide core. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


After the collapse of the New Order government, in the 1998-1999, hundreds of people who were considered to be sorcerers were killed, especially in Banyuwangi. In the obscurity, Intan Andaru has narrated these events into her work. Her novel, Perempuan Bersampur Merah (Woman in Red Scarf), tells massacre story form the voiceless accused sorcerer's point of view. This article aims to discuss the representational character of the 1998 Indonesian sorcerer massacre as depicted in the work of fiction. This research uses a psycho-historical approach. The data collection technique was done by using a note-taking technique. The analysis technique is carried out by the stages of presenting data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there was no authentic evidence to support the accusation that the person who was killed was actually a sorcerer. As a result, cultural trauma is an important part of the psychological suffering experienced by the victim's family. This trauma cannot be erased because the stigmata as a descendant of a sorcerer will always be attached to the victim's family. This novel revives the social and cultural memorial structure of the 1998 Indonesian massacre in the form of individual aesthetic mediation to activate historical memory.


Description: Providing comprehensive coverage of matrix theory from a geometric and physical perspective, Fundamentals of Matrix Analysis with Applications describes the functionality of matrices and their ability to quantify and analyze many practical applications. Written by a highly–qualified author team, the book presents tools for matrix analysis and is illustrated with extensive examples and software implementations. Beginning with a detailed exposition and review of the Gauss elimination method, the authors maintain readers interest with refreshing discussions regarding the issues of operation counts, computer speed and prevision, complex arithmetic formulations, parametrization of solutions, and the logical traps that dictate strict adherence to Gauss s instructions. The book heralds matrix formulation both as notational shorthand and a quantifier of physical operations such as rotations, projections, reflections, and the Gauss reductions. Inverses and eigenvectors are visualized first in an operator context before being addressed computationally. In addition to coverage on lease squares theory s manifestations such as optimization, orthogonality, computational accuracy, and even function theory, Fundamentals of Matrix Analysis with Applications features:


In Poland, the new Geological and Mining Law of 9 June 2011 entered into force on 1 January 2012. Some seemingly minor changes introduced by the new law will significantly facilitate the operation of mining enterprises that are now prospecting for shale gas. What has not been resolved by the new act, however, is the fiscal model for the shale business in Poland in terms of both the one-off initial fee and the subsequent exploitation royalties.


More than 300 general practitioners have ended partnerships with Richard Branson's Virgin Care to provide some hospital services in the community to avoid accusations of conflicts of interest when they take responsibility for commissioning in April 2013.

Since 2006 Virgin Care has set up 25 local provider companies together with GPs, known as GPcos. These provide NHS community services such as …


This paper examines the relationship between the political economy and the organization of punishment in the state of Georgia between 1868 and 1936. Punishment at this time was well-suited to an agricultural mode of production, characterized by chronic labor shortages. Punishment was decentralized, involved forced labor under harsh conditions, and reflected the existence of a labor market grounded in racist assumptions about the nature of black and white labor. Despite extended State control over convicts and expiration of the convict lease in 1909, punishment retained its decentralized and exploitative character. Nevertheless, the demand for convict labor shifted from the private to the public sector. This shift entailed significant changes in the type of labor performed by convicts, thereby broadening demand to encompass the labor of both white and black convicts. Time series analysis suggests that these race differences in labor demand and changes in demand over time found clear expression in the frequency with which blacks and whites were incarcerated.


To achieve satisfactory pitch maneuverability under post-stall flight conditions with high angle of attack, standards for pitch agility evaluation are presented and a corresponding control allocation design is carried out in this paper. Firstly, a mathematical fighter model with multiple control actuators is introduced and the pitch control performances of the canards, the elevons and the thrust vectoring are compared for post-stall maneuvers. Subsequently, to obtain the maximal achievable trimmed angle of attack and realize a satisfied angle of attack tracking performance, a control allocation design with the canards, the inner elevons and the thrust vectoring is designed. Then a hybrid parameter optimization method which combines Nelder-Mead method and penalty function method is used to optimize the controller parameters. Finally, the simulation results show that remarkable post-stall pitch agility is achieved with the control allocation and parameter optimization design adopted in this paper.


This invention relates to the field of manufacturing hollow articles using a lost core process using an aqueous solution of sodium acetate as lost core, in particular it relates to polymeric muffler applications.


We describe the placement of an epidural block with the help of ultrasound in a morbidly obese patient weighing 120 kg with a BSA of 41.5 posted for nephrectomy surgery. The spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae with the patient in sitting position were not palpable on account of thick subcutaneous fat. We have been making the use of ultrasound for procedures, such as peripheral nerve blocks and vascular access, for sometime and acknowledged that applying this experience to neuraxial blocks through the means of a pre-puncture scan would be very helpful. We used 2 to 5 MHz curvilinear ultrasound probe for scanning. Our first priority was to determine the midline of the spine which was done by using the "transverse approach". 2 Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae appeared as "hyperechoic signals" underneath the skin which continued as long, "hypoechoic shadows". These hypoechoic shadows helped us to determine the midline of the spine. The upper and lower hypoechoic shadows were marked on the skin surface which corresponded to the upper and lower spinous processes respectively. The probe was now positioned in between these marking and positioned to produce a "flying bat" pattern containing the ultrasound images of the articular process, ligamentum flavum-dura complex, transverse process and vertebral body. 3 The position of the ultrasound probe was marked on both sides of the probe as well as in the midline. A horizontal line was drawn joining two lateral marks and a vertical line was drawn from the midline mark. The puncture site was determined by the intersection of the vertical and horizontal lines. The distance of the skin from the ligamentum flavum-dura complex was 8.4 cm on transverse ultrasound scan. As this was our first experience, we did not try to assess the angle of epidural needle trajectory. With this pre-procedural assessment of the lumbar sonoanatomy, an epidural needle was advanced in the epidural space. We could reach the epidural space with ease in first attempt. We now routinely scan the lumbar spine of all the obese patients coming to our institute who are to receive either epidural/spinal anaesthesia. Ultrasound scan for epidural/spinal anaesthesia in morbidly obese patients aids in finding the precise location of spinous processes of vertebrae, measuring the distance of ligamentum flavum-dura complex from skin, and also gives an indication regarding the angle of insertion of the epidural needle. We therefore feel that routine scanning of the spine with ultrasound should be done in all obese patients who are planned for epidural/spinal anaesthesia.


The Department of Energy (DOE) has an interagency agreement to assist the Department of Defense (DOD) in evaluating the potential to use wind energy for power at residential properties at DOD bases in Hawaii. DOE assigned the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to facilitate this process by installing a 50-meter (m) meteorological (Met) tower on residential property associated with the Marine Corps Base Housing (MCBH) Kaneohe Bay in Hawaii.


X-ray K-absorption spectroscopic studies have been carried out on copper (II) mixed-ligand complexes. Copper is a transition metal, which in the zero oxidation state has an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s24p63d9. Copper is found in three different oxidation states: Cu(I), Cu(II), and Cu(III). In the copper (II) oxidation state, the metal has 9 d electrons. Jahn-Teller distortion causes a splitting of eg and t2g orbitals. Most Cu(II) complexes are square planar for this reason. In a series of those compounds, we have prepared copper (II) complexes containing two nitrato ligands and a 2,2′-dipyridylamine(dpa) derivative ligand. The 2,2′ - dipyridylamine and its derivatives have been widely used for metal complexes because of their good chelating property, structural flexibility. we have estimated the average metalligand bond distances from the fine structure data. We have determined the bond lengths for the copper (II) complexes with the help of Levy's, LSS, Fourier transform, Lytle's Methods.


Abstract. Research to determine the selectivity of fraction Rf 0.5 of ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of putat air kernel (Barringtonia racemosa) on golden apple snail(Pomacea canaliculata) and local catfish (Clarias batrachus) was conducted in February 2012 at the Laboratory of Chemistry of Teacher Training and Education Faculty and Laboratory of Marine Chemistry of Coordinatorate of Marine and Fisheries of Syiah Kuala University. Thin-layer chromatography was used to separate components in the extract samples, and testing of biological activity based on the procedures recommended by FAO. Golden apple snail and local catfish mortality data were analyzed using Probit program, and value of selectivity (S) was processed according to the Wang and Feng's formula.The values of LC50 of the fraction Rf 0.5 were 29.26 ppm for P. canaliculata and 44.47 ppm for C. batracus. The selectivity value for the tested organisms was 1.51. This study revealed that the tested extract has bioactive property as molluscicide of P. canaliculata.Key words. Biological activity, thin-layer chromatography, mortality, bioactive property, molluscicide, LC50.


Voluntary food co-operatives (VFCs) remain a relatively under researched area of academic enquiry. However they represent an important form of retail provision for particular groups in the community. This paper puts forward a theoretical framework that attempts to conceptualize the role and purpose of VFCs. Drawing upon Resource-Advantage (RA) theory it maintains that VFCs are the outcome of competitive market processes. Their importance lies in the provision of goods and services to a neglected segment of the population. The paper argues that VFCs are neither a form of unfair competition, nor do they prevent the development of new forms of retailing. Rather VFCs represent a proactive response to the exclusion of particular groups from the marketplace.


The aim is to assess the level of contamination of wound bacteria in operated patients in the surgical departments of the National Reference University Hospital (CHURN) of N'Djamena. From August 1, 2018 to August 1, 2019, an observational culture study on wound pus was carried out in patients operated on from the surgical services of the N'Djamena CHURN according to standard methods of medical microbiology. Of the 1092 patients operated on, 565 patients were released within a normal period of hospitalization and 527 in contact with the pathogens were maintained. Significant differences were observed between the proportions of positive (86%) and sterile (14%) cultures; female (30.36%) and male (69.63%) operated subjects with probabilities of 0.02 and 0.001 respectively. Escherichia coli were the most common germs (32.7%), followed by Staphylococcus spp (20.9%). The bacteria isolated were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics at an average rate of 40%, only imipenem, a last-resort antibiotic, was very sensitive (99.5%). In view of these results, we recommend that prescribers avoid prescribing antibiotics without laboratory evidence for fear of losing the beta-lactams permanently.


Teeth impaction is a pathological condition where the teeth fail to attain a normal position. The incidence of teeth impaction is highly heterogeneous among different populations and usually is affected by many factors including; eruption time, age, environmental and genetic factors. Canines and second premolars are the most common impacted teeth in both jaws. Nevertheless, the impaction of third molars is quite common and higher when compared to other teeth. Impacted teeth may be asymptomatic or may be combined with other pathologies such as cysts, caries, tumors, root resorption, and pericoronitis. Diagnosis of a dental impaction as early as possible allows better management of the condition and decreases the possible complication that may alter daily masticatory activities. A combination of good clinical examination along with radiological investigation is the key factor in reaching a proper diagnosis. Evaluation of impaction degree and it is associated complications determine the management strategy. In the present paper, the authors present an overview of teeth impaction in terms of diagnosis and treatment.


There has been a long-standing need to link the RF design domains into a connected, common design environment. Such a methodology is possible through implementing system-level behavioral models with different levels of abstraction that can be modelled or co-simulated at the IC circuit level. At module or board design, it is possible to link and simulate multiple chips with board-level components and parastics in an RFIC design environment. With today's more complex IC designs that are heading toward nanometer-scaled semiconductor processes, there is a desire to further understand the many subtle physical IC characteristics, such as layout and substrate parasitics, RF transistor models, IR drops, electromigration, elctromagnetics, and modelling of on-chip spiral inductors. Designers have entered into an era where they could benefit from a balance between analog, digital, and DSP design all in a fast and automated RFIC design environment. We present RF design methodologies that can bridge between system, IC, and module design, providing an efficient, thorough design flow using advanced EDA tools.


Respecting the requirements of lightweight, small size, low power consumption and especially low cost, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are gradually being used to replace specifically designed aerospace -grade ones in space-borne miniature interferometric fiber-optic gyroscopes (IFOGs). However, the total ionizing dose (TID) effect of $\gamma $ -ray radiation in the space environment may cause the damage of COTS ADCs, and lead to performance degradation and even the failure. In order to measure the safety of COTS ADCs in IFOGs under the TID effect, the radiation-induced degradation model and the corresponding reliability model are proposed in this work. First of all, the relationship between the degradation of COTS ADCs and the IFOG's angular random walk (ARW) is deduced. Then, a radiation accelerated test is designed and performed, with a real-time, dynamic data acquisition method based on the first-input-first-output (FIFO) memories to determine the degradation of COTS ADCs. Finally, a degradation path model is established based on the degradation data, and the reliability of COTS ADCs used for space-borne IFOGs is further obtained by using the Monte Carlo method. An engineering application is introduced to show the effectiveness of the proposed model, and the results show that the reliability of the experimental COTS ADCs makes them usable for the space-borne miniature IFOGs in low-earth orbit (LEO) and geostationary earth orbit (GEO) space missions.


covered with scabs. The patient then poulticed the arm, and when next seen the scabs had come off leaving, in lines of the pattern, deep ulcers with hard, round, smooth edges aud granulating bases. The whole design was raised and surrounded with an erythematous border. The 2'eueral health of the bovs did uot seem to have suffered with the development of the local lesious. A piece of skin from J. H—*s arm was excised, aud Avell-marked giant cells were found in the corium immediately undeithe IMalpighiau layer, although the presence of bacilli was not demonstrated. Ou December 11th, J. H— and W. N— were shown at the late Sir Jonathan IFutchinson's museum, and he was of the opinion that the condition liad been produced by the inoculation of tubercle. The period (if time intervening between the retouching of the designs and thedevelopment of the lesions in uiy case is probably not too \o\iir to exclude the tattooing^ as the source of infection. Every dermatologist is familiar with the long* ])eriods of latency exhibited by the tubercle bacillus in cases of lupus, aud it is probable that, owing to the pigments employed in the tattooing and the peculiar nature of the operation, the infecting material might become attenuated aud the bacilli eucapsuled. The same reasons ttiay perhaps account for the coincident development of a tuborculmis ulcer and a papular tulicrculide.


The demand for ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas increases rapidly with the magnified growth of the wireless systems aiming to support wireless and mobile services by simplifying the systems and to reduce the overall device dimensions, and costs. Vast efforts are offered to the development of UWB antennas that aim to improve the seamless integration with various handheld devices such as laptops, mobile phones, and vehicles such as airplanes, cars, and ships. Consequently, the mechanically flexible antennas are the most suitable for such requirements rather than the antennas based on rigid substrate technology. Hence, the antenna should be conformal and able to be conveniently conformed onto the device's body surface or to be fabricated using the same material in which the devices are fabricated. Subsequently, in some scenarios, the flexible antenna should be optically transparent to overcome the visual impact of the massive use of the antenna in indoor and public areas. Low-cost antenna fabrication technologies are highly expected to take place in future UWB antenna requirements for more economical resource utilization. Generally, UWB systems require the antenna with high efficiency, however, maintaining a high efficiency while achieving extremely wide bandwidth in UWB system is a challenging task. Therefore, conduction and dielectric losses should be minimized in UWB antenna by using highly conductive and low dielectric loss materials. Metals are commonly used as antenna radiating elements because of their high conductivity. However, the poor mechanical flexibility of the metals limit their usage for flexible and conformal applications. The question arises if non-metallic flexible conductive materials having conductivity close to metals can be integrated into the flexible dielectric materials to replace metals. This thesis proposes fabrication techniques to integrate flexible conductive materials into flexible dielectric materials to fabricate transparent UWB antenna and Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) antenna with improved performance for conformal applications. Moreover, the research evaluates a new low-cost instant printing technique to print UWB flexible antenna with good performance. A technique is proposed to integrate a transparent conductive fabric tissue into a transparent PDMS to fabricate a flexible and transparent UWB antenna with improved performance. The fabricated antenna exhibited an efficiency over 75% and a maximum gain of 4.5 dBi. Moreover, an integration process is proposed to fabricate a flexible PMC composite UWB antenna by integrating the conductive fabric tissue into Eglass fiber mate using Vacuum Infusion Process (VIP). The technology is assessed by fabricating UWB antenna for conformal applications and the results showed high efficiency over 80% for the UWB antenna. Furthermore, a UWB antenna is printed instantly onto a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate based on chemical sintering silver inkjet technology using ordinary inkjet printer and the measured results present over 80% of efficiency for antenna. ABSTRACT


Up to now temperature measurements on pulse‐heated liquid metal samples reported by different authors have always been performed under the assumption of a constant emissivity in the whole liquid phase because of the lack of data for the liquid metals. The emissivity for most metals is known at the melting point and it is also known that large changes in specific volume occur between the melting point and maximum experimental temperatures. Since electronic structures, optical properties, and emissivities have a large dependence on the electron density of a material, it follows that the emissivity of the liquid cannot be assumed to be constant and equal to the value at the melting point a priori. The key innovation which removes the ambiguity present in all previous measurements is that uncertainty in temperatures is eliminated by the direct measurement of material optical properties and emissivities for the first time during the experiments. Normal spectral emissivity measurements at 684.5 nm have been suc...


Evaluating the role of climate changes on species distributions has attracted considerable research interest. The Kurdistan newt (Neurergus derjugini) is one of the critically endangered species in the IUCN Red List, which is distributed in the Avroman Mountains in Iran, on the Iraqi-Turkish border. Nowadays, the population of this species is declining and under serious threat due to several factors, including climate change. In the present study, by using the maximum entropy approach (MaxEnt), based on bioclimatic (precipitation and temperature) and topographical (altitude and slope) variables, the suitable habitats and the potential distribution areas in the contemporary and the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 scenario and RCP 8.5 scenarios of the future (2030) distribution were modeled for the Kurdistan newt, N. derjugini. Precipitation of the coldest quarter (38.8%), slope (26.8%) and temperature annual range of the year 13.6%) were the most important factors shaping the distribution of N. derjugini in the contemporary period. For the future, in RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5, respectively, scenarios precipitation of the coldest quarter (43.8% and 42.7%), precipitation seasonality (28% and 30.6%) and temperature seasonality (20.08% and 24.2%) were the most important factors forming the distribution species. As it seems, climatic change has been responsible for fragmentation and destruction of habitats N. derjugini in the present and the future, although human activity in the destruction and change of habitats cannot be ignored.


Over the last quarter century or so, the volume of world trade grew at an average rate of 6 per cent. This increase in trade has not been homogenous among regions. Asia has been engaged in a major and admirable transformation. Latin America has pursued integration efforts for long, but with poorer results, and together with Africa it continues to rely on its resource base for growth in trade. The structure of trade in emerging market economies is analysed by examining the geographic and commodity structure of trade as well as trade integration efforts. Increases in trade can be attributed to several reasons: increased formal integration, better use of comparative advantage in relation to the advanced economies, and more complementarily among developing countries. The integration of trade in Asia is attributed largely to market forces but less so in other areas, particularly Latin America. The article also reviews the rise in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), particularly the role of emerging countries as destinations and origins of capital flows. The flows to Asia and Latin America are equivalent to almost one-fourth of the total FDI. Within the total flows, there is a growing role of investments originating in and directed to emerging economies (EEs), particularly within Asia. FDI flows from emerging markets (EMs) are strong in mining, but the areas of investment are being diversified at a rapid pace.


In order to improve multimode process fault detection low accuracy,an ensemble method called improved gravitational search algorithm-kernel principal component analysis( IGSA-KPCA) neighborhood modeling is proposed. Firstly,the related data is found in reference data sets by using just in time learning( JITL) approach,then the related data is set and current data are used as inputs of the KPCA model. KPCA model parameters have great influence on fault detection performance and improved GSA is put forw ard to optimize the KPCA model parameters,which improves fault detection performance. Finally,the proposed method is applied to penicillin multimode process and the simulation results show that IGSA-KPCA neighborhood modeling method is better than traditional method for multimode process fault detection with fast and high accuracy.


One mission of on-orbit servicing can be fulfilled in many ways,and proper mission assignment must be guaranteed. In light of this,first,the reachable domain of service spacecraft was resolved and the target spacecraft which satisfies the reachable domain was filtered. Then the assignment of servicing based on the optimization of multi-objective,including time,fuel consumption and priority,was studied. The best plan was achieved by building the model of 0- 1 integer programming and taking the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm with the constraint of time and fuel consumption.Finally two examples of simulation were given,one demonstrating the general results of the above method,either compared with another algorithm.The simulation results indicate that the above method is effective in solving the problem of mission assignment for on-orbit servicing.


According to the central government's thought of "precise poverty alleviation" and the law of education and the law of the growth of poor students in families, we should seek truth from facts and adjust measures according to local conditions, develop "guarantee-type aid" to "development-type aid", establish the working mechanism of "precise aid", continuously improve the "precision" of student aid, and combine poverty alleviation with support. We should combine subsidized education with humanistic care, combine talent training with family poverty alleviation, explore a more scientific and humane funding system, and construct a new model of development-oriented subsidized education. 精准扶贫背景下民办高校学生资助工作探究


In this thesis we describe an incremental multi-layer rule-based methodology for the extraction of ontology schema components from German financial newspaper text. By Extraction of Ontology Schema Components we mean the detection of new concepts and relations between these concepts for ontology building. The process of detecting concepts and relations between these concepts corresponds to the intensional part of an ontology and is often referred to as ontology learning1. We present the process of rule generation for the extraction of ontology schema components as well as the application of the generated rules. Most of the research on ontology learning (Cimiano et al., 2005; Aguado de Cea et al., 2008) investigates the learning potential at sentential level, after the corpus has undergone a deep linguistic analysis2. In this thesis we present a bottomup method for the extraction of ontology schema components, showing that the extraction process of new classes and relations can be initialized at a more "lower" level using shallow and robust linguistic analysis. We start the investigation by extracting candidates for ontology classes and relations from plain text, by applying text-based and string-based patterns. Then we go one step further and apply the accumulated knowledge from the previous step on Part-of-Speech (PoS) and semantically annotated text, validating in this way 1Ontology learning is the process of semi-automatic support in ontology development (Buitelaar et al., 2005) 2By deep linguistic analysis we mean grammatical function analysis.


The combustion chamber of a diesel engine is often exposed to a more serious wear and corrosion environment than other parts of the engine because its temperature increases as a result of using heavy oil of low quality. Therefore, repair and built-up welding methods must be performed on worn or corroded parts of the piston crown, exhaust valve, etc. from an economical point of view. In this study, Inconel 718 filler metal was used in repair welding on the groove of a forged steel specimen for a piston crown, along with built-up welding on the surface of another forged steel specimen. Then, the corrosion characteristics of the weld metal zone for the repair welding and the deposited metal zone for the built-up welding were investigated using electrochemical methods in a 35% H 2 SO 4 solution. The deposited metal zone indicated better corrosion resistance than the weld metal zone, showing a nobler corrosion potential, higher impedance, and smaller corrosion current density. It is considered that metal elements with good corrosion resistance were generally included in the filler metal, and these elements were also greatly involved in the deposited meta by built-up welding, whereas the weld metal consisted of metal elements mixed with both the filler metal and base metal elements because of the molten pool produced by the repair welding. Finally, it is considered that the hardness of the weld metal was increased by the repair welding, whereas the built-up welding improved the corrosion resistance of the deposited metal.


A simulation model of in-plane MEMS tunable optical filter based on grating located on a silicon micro-machined cantilever beam is presented. Upon actuation a shift in filtered frequency varies linearly in C-band has been observed.


Modern age is the age of information and communication technology (ICT). The ICT has entered in our lives in a big way and has vanished the boundaries and barriers among nations. There was a time when the world was big and changes were slow but now it has been converted into a global village. Now whatever happens in any part of world it is immediately transmitted to every part of word through mass media and internet. The ICT is the technology that includes the devices for encoding, storing, organising, transferring, retrieving and presenting information in various forms. The technology makes an easy access to diversify aspect of information with the help of resources like TV, computer, internet, e-mail, teleconferencing, world wide web in every sphere of life. It may be politics, communication, health, education, science and technology, etc.


| Methanolic extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Fagara), Newbouldia laevis and three of their combinations (50% N. laevis -50% Z. zanthoxyloides, 25% Z. zanthoxyloides -75% N. laevis and 75% Z. zanthoxyloides 25% N. laevis) were screened in vitro for potential anti-parasitic effects against eggs, infective larvae and adults of Haemonchus contortus. Significant effects were obtained but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stage. The effects of the two plant extracts and their combinations were no dose dependent on egg hatching and infective larvae although more potent effects were usually observed with low concentrations. In contrast, dose–response relationship was found for adult worms. On eggs hatching, the combined extracts 50% N. laevis 50% Z. zanthoxyloides and 25% Z. zanthoxyloides 75% N. laevis have showed the same effectiveness like Fagara and N. laevis extracts. Combined plant extracts seemed to be more effective than individual plant extracts on larval migration at less concentrations. Extracts of Fagara and two plant associations (i.e., 50% Z. zanthoxyloides 50% N. laevis and 75% Z. zanthoxyloides 25% N. laevis) reduced adult worm motility. Overall, the combination of 50% Z. zanthoxyloides -50% N. laevis was most effective on all three stages of H. contortus. These results showed that Z. zanthoxyloides (Fagara) and N. laevis used in combined form (50%:50%) were more effective on H. contortus thus both plants association could be used as potential alternative of synthetic drugs to control parasitic infections of H. contortus in small ruminants.


In the current project we study the function of the beam splitters as well as the statistical behavior of one and two particles in a single and a double quantum well. We examine the conditions under which these two systems provide us with entangled states. For the beam splitters we come to the conclusion that the most appropriate array for having entangled states, is to put them in successive line. On the other hand, the graphical and numerical study of the quantum wells showed that the geometrical characteristics of a quantum well, that is to say thickness and height, define the energy of the system, the density probability of the wave packets and finally the probability for having entangled states. Having knowledge of the statistical behavior of the particles, we may then control the informations that they carry. All the above have many applications in qubits and quantum computers.


know that DHPGinhibits the proliferation ofnoninfected cells, especially ofthe rapidly proliferatingones (like bone marrow cells), but with substantiallyhigher concentrations than required to inhibit the rep-lication of CMV.174344 On the other hand, 100-foldhigher concentrations are achieved in CMV-infectedcells than in noninfected cells.17 A dose-dependentinhibitory effect of DHPGon smooth muscle cell rep-lication wasrecorded in ourstudyinvitro. Thereplica-tion ofcultured smoothmuscle cells, previously showntobeof


Objective To estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) and risk factors for HUA in a Chinese population of Qingdao city community. Methods A cross-sectional population survey for hyperuricemia was performed in 2002. Questionnaire were conducted in 1706 subjects, and levels of serum UA, lipid-profile, as well as height, weight, blood pressure were measured. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum UA levels 420 μmol/l in men and 360 μmol/l in women. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results Age-adjusted mean serum UA level was 388.0μmol/l in men and 317.6μmol/l in women. Serum UA was increased with age in women only (P for trend 0.001). The age-standardized prevalence was 23.3% for hyperuricemia in adults aged 40 to 74 years. Hyperuricemia was more in men than in women (29.5% vs 20.5%, P0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, serum UA was significantly and independently associated with BMI, triglyceride and alcohol drinking in men, and these variables explained 15.0% of the variation in serum UA. In women, UA was correlated directly with BMI, triglyceride, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 13.0% of serum UA variations. Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the urban adult population in Qingdao city is high.Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are the major factors associated with serum UA. Interventions by limiting the purine-rich foods to prevent a further increase in hyperuricemia may simultaneously reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease.


Aims: Due to controversial results in relation to the influence of desensitizing agents on sensitivity during bleaching, the present study evaluated the degree of tooth bleaching sensitivity, color change, and patient acceptability of desensitizing agents containing potassium nitrate/sodium fluoride (PNF) or ozonized sunflower oil associated with in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP).
Place and Duration of Study: The study described above was conducted at the Dentistry Clinics of a local university in Brazil. The duration of the study spanned from January to November 2021.
Sample: The researchers recruited a total of 30 volunteer patients who met the eligibility criteria and agreed to participate in the study.
Methodology: A clinical trial was conducted with a split-mouth design. The sample consisted of 30 volunteers randomized into 2 experimental groups according to the desensitization protocol. Potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride was applied to the hemiarch corresponding to the control group for 10 minutes, while in the hemiarch of the test group, ozonized sunflower oil was applied for 2 minutes with a rubber cup in low rotation, followed by a potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride application for 10 minutes. In sequence, both arcades were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 50 minutes.
Results: Previous application of ozonated sunflower oil resulted in a significant reduction in sensitivity in the first 24 hours after removal of the bleaching gel, as well as the test group showed lower tooth sensitivity in times measured up to 1 hours after removal of the bleaching gel. Both experimental groups presented satisfactorily lighter shades, but no statistically significant differences were observed regardless of the desensitization protocol employed.


Compac Sorting Equipment make very nifty machines for sorting fruit by weight, diameter, colour, density, blemish or even shape. Compac sought solutions to two closely related problems: the boxing problem and the bagging problem.

The boxing problem requires graded fruit to be assigned to outlets where boxes are filled with a specified number of fruit to a minimum weight (and a specified tolerance for underweights). The aim is to maximise the number of boxes packed. The decision must be made after all information is known, but before the fruit passes the first outlet - a few seconds total. Further, information about fruit already packed in a given box is incomplete (we don't know exactly which fruit ended up in a box).

The bagging problem requires bags to be filled to a minimum weight - no tolerance for underweights, and no constraints on the number of fruit per bag. In this case complete information is available on fruit already assigned to a bag. Again the aim is to maximise the number of bags packed.


Urban residents'basic medical insurance is another important step to the goal of establishing medical insurance system for all. It is under the background that urbanization progress is currently fast pushing forward into China. Urbanization progress transfers a great deal of peasants into cities, and the urban and rural population's distribution is also changing quietly. But due to not having urban household register, the majority of peasants moving into the cities are exposing to the disease risk. The guarantee function of basic medical insurance system is weakening as far as peasants moving into the cities. The paper analyses the changes of the urban and rural population's distribution in China, the basic medical insurance current situation and problems of peasants moving into the cities, clarifies the dialectical relationship between peasants moving into the cities and the sustainable development of urban residents' basic medical insurance, and puts forward some policy suggestions.


Objective To observe the change of gastro-intestinal hormone levels about syndrome type of stagnation of liver qi, deficiency of spleen and stomach, liver qi stagnation and spleen qi deficiency in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and to probe into the correlation between TCM syndrome type and gastro-intestinal hormone levels. Methods One hundred and three cases of patients with IBS were divided into liver qi stagnation group (35 cases), spleen and stomach deficiency group (30 cases) and liver qi stagnation and spleen qi deficiency group (38 cases), with normal group (10 cases) as control. Plasma motilin (MOT), somatostatin (SS) and cholecystokinin (CCK) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Result The plasma MOT level of spleen and stomach deficiency group was significantly higher than that in the normal controls (P0.05). The plasma level of CCK in liver qi stagnation and spleen qi deficiency group was significantly higher than that in liver qi stagnation group (P 0.05). The plasma level of SS in liver qi stagnation group was significantly higher than that in spleen and stomach deficiency group and liver qi stagnation and spleen qi deficiency group (P 0.05). Conclusion Plasma gastro-intestinal hormone levels in patients with IBS are related to different TCM syndrome type. There is a correlation between the TCM syndrome type of IBS and the gastro-intestinal hormone levels.


For the problem of the machining accuracy affected by the electrolyte temperature in the electrochemical machining process,the flowing electrolyte heat transfer and the temperature field distribution are analysed based on COMSOL Multiphysics with a vertical sedimentation of 48 m3 composite electrolytecell.The results show that the temperature of settling cell is higher than clear liquid cell,at this time,the clear liquid cell appears high temperature area and low temperature area,and its temperature field distribution is uneven.Through setting up sampling point reasonably,the location of highest temperature position in the electrolytic cell is obtained which supplies technological reference for hot liquid extraction point of the heat exchanger to adjust and control the electrolyte temperature.


The article defines the level of physical (somatic) health of girls aged 16–17. It was used the method of assessing the level of physical health G.L. Apanasenko.
Data on the distribution of examinees by level of physical health allow us to state that 27.34% of 16-year-old girls and 27.76% of 17-year-old girls have a low level of physical health, 54.28% and 47.32% - below average, 11.59% and 19.31% are average, 6.79% and 5.61% are above average.
The obtained results of the experiment indicate that the majority of girls aged 16-17 have a low or below average level of somatic health.
It is important to note that among the girls who participated in the study, 6.79% of 16-year-old girls and 5.61% of 17-year-old girls have a higher than average level of physical health. Unfortunately, among the 16–17-year-old girls who took part in the study, there were no ones whose level of physical health could be characterized as high.
The research was conducted with the aim of improving the effectiveness of the physical education process. The obtained results will be basic in the development of favorable conditions for preserving and strengthening the physical health of girls through traditional and innovative means of physical culture and sports to meet the requests, needs and preferences of girls aged 16-17.


On the basis of the statistic data of Wenshan economic development from 2008 to 2012, the economic growth in Wenshan is predicted by using the grey system forecasting mode, and the influential factors of economic growth are analyzed by means of gray correlation analysis. The results show that economy of Wenshan would keep rising in the next four years, the value-added of tertiary industry and the number of college students had the biggest influence on economic growth in Wenshan.


i. The investigations by Elvey * and Miss Westgate f have shown that a very great proportion of the stars of classes B and A have rotational velocities of the order of 100 km./sec., and that 5 per cent, of the early type stars have velocities larger than 200 km./sec. In several papers J Struve has indicated that in certain cases the centrifugal acceleration V*¡R may be of the same order as the surface gravity g, the ratio e = V^jRg having in quite reasonable stars a value approaching 0-5. Actually, a calculation of the ratio e for many B and A type stars of large rotational velocities gives values of the order of 0-4. The importance of these facts, in view of the mechanical instability of certain rotating stars as argued by Struve, is clear.


The author of this article talked about the free vibration of a no conservative single-degree-of-freedom system with nonliner damping and nonliner spring.With the help of the computer,visible numerical solutions can be achieved and displacement response and phase portraits can be drawn.In addition,physics sense of "solution" was covered in it.


The P2P computing mode which may effectively overcome some shortages of the present sequential and parallel computing mode is applied to the large-scale power flow computation in this paper. The advantages of the P2P mode are analyzed and presented. The mathematic model and computing method is put forward and analyzed based on current-influx model. Based on current-influx method, power network is easily partitioned, and the relation among subtasks becomes weak. The mutual dispatch management in P2P are researched for the flow computation. The static and dynamic dispatch methods are adopted, which may flexibly adjust the topological structure of computing network. The dispatch arithmetic of the load-balance is studied, which may transfer high load to near computing node according to the total present computing instance. And the computing efficiency is enhanced totally. The proposed computing model and methods are implemented in IEEE 118-buses system. The computing results have approved the validity of this computing model.


This paper offers a series of models designed to aid in the evaluation and control of an individual research and development project. The project under consideration is assumed to involve costs incurred over a period [0, T] and a return earned at T (or discounted to T) when the project is completed. In two of the models discussed below, the completion time T is regarded as known; in two others, T is taken to be a random variable with a known distribution. In two models, the costs per unit of time of operating the project are assumed to be fixed; in the other two, costs are variable, with increased expenditure resulting in a decreased completion time. Each of the four possible combinations of assumptions is treated in a separate section. The last section contains a summary and discussion of results.


Introduction Preliminaries Families of quadric surfaces Degenerations of cubic surfaces Standard form for certain deformations Local Picard group of some normal hypersurface singularities Solution of Zeuthen's problem.


There are regular pattern and particularity in the medical education. To mobilize the teacher's enthusiasm will play a great role in promoting the quality of medical education. Factors affecting teacher's enthusiasm include education system,teaching awareness and human resources,so the incentives should be given in these fields.


Purpose (Speaks to the overarching goal for conducting the evaluation; its raison d'être) 3.8 Country Programme Evaluation (CPE): An evaluation that assess the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability of the entire UNICEF Country Programme The evaluation is at the level of the overall UNICEF country programme in India though is not a full fledged CPE. It focuses on the strategy used by UNICEF in its programming in India from 2008-2012.


Abstract Material jetting, commonly referred to as (inkjet) 3D printing, of polymers offers multiple advantages over other processes, such as a high resolution and multi-material capability. Most published research investigates the macroscopic properties of inkjet printed parts. This work studies the mechanical properties on the micron scale, in which metallurgical sample preparation and nanoindentation have proved to be appropriate tools for investigating parts with stiffnesses ranging over three orders of magnitude. First, interfaces in single-material parts that are created through jetting of material in layers and through nozzles are investigated. Visual inspections of the samples show a uniform layer thickness for rigid materials and irregular layers for flexible materials. The hardness and modulus near the layer interfaces show similar values to those further away, indicating a uniform curing throughout the layers. Second, the on-the-fly material mixing of the printer is investigated and shows a dom...


Ion energy measurements from a ¼ inch cathode were made with krypton and xenon expellants at a range of flow rates and discharge currents using an electrostatic energy analyzer mounted on axis. High energy ion content scaled strongly with discharge current and inversely with mass flow rate and molecular mass suggesting a possible MDH production mechanism. At high current conditions for krypton and xenon peak ion energies exceeded 130eV (>17kms-1) and 75eV (>10kms-1) with high energy tails extending well beyond 140eV and 200eV respectively. No conclusive correlation was found with discharge noise in the form of high frequency voltage oscillations and high energy ion content


Is the teacher out of the classroom? Or has the teacher lost control of the students? On the contrary, in this instance, the teach er is employing a new strategy for promot ing cooperation in the reading and learning of textbook material—the Interactive Reading Guide (Wood, 1988). The interactive reading guide is similar to a typical reading or study guide in that it uses questions as an accompaniment to reading text to reduce the amount of print students must deal with at a given time. It is unlike the typical guide in that students are not sent off to work individually or merely asked to turn in their assignment when finished. Instead, the teacher-di rected guide is designed to lead students through the reading of textbook material in orchestral manner, sometimes requiring responses from them as individuals, small groups, pairs, or as a class. Also, students are asked to do much more than answering the literal level, multiple choice or fill-in the-blank questions which are typically found at the end of textbook chapters. At various points in their guided reading, students may be asked to predict what may occur next, develop associations, discuss a segment of information with their part ner, read and retell the content in their own words or contribute their free recalls of the material to the class. Figure 1 is an illustration of an inter active reading guide developed for a mid dle school Social Studies chapter on "The Middle Atlantic States." Figure 2 shows how the guide can be adapted for a ninth grade general science lesson on "Water: A Basic Resource." As can be seen, the textual material is divided into manageable units. Then, after each segment is completed by the pairs, groups or individuals, the class as a whole may discuss the responses. Although de signed for the class to proceed through the guide together, the teacher may want to


The influence of sonic toroidal rotation on gyrokinetic stability and transport is studied, with important implications for heavy impurity dynamics. When centrifugal drifts and electrostatic trapping corrections are included, significant modifications to the calculated transport of heavy impurities are observed. These high-rotation corrections add to the standard Coriolis drift and toroidal rotation shear drive which are normally included in gyrokinetics. Yet, because of their complexity, centrifugal and electrostatic trapping terms (quadratic in the main ion Mach number) are not generally included in gyrokinetic codes. In this work, we explore the implications of using reduced descriptions of the rotational physics. For heavy impurities such as tungsten, cross terms due to the centrifugal force can dominate the rotation dynamics, and neglecting them is shown to lead to large errors in the impurity particle flux.


Cells maintain the balance between homeostasis and inflammation by adapting and integrating the activity of intracellular signalling cascades, including the JAK-STAT pathway. Our understanding how a tailored switch from homeostasis to a strong receptor-dependent response is coordinated remains limited. We used an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to analyze transcription-factor binding, gene expression and in vivo proximity-dependent labelling of proteins in living cells under homeostatic and interferon (IFN)-induced conditions. We show that interferons (IFN) switch murine macrophages from resting-state to induced gene expression by alternating subunits of transcription factor ISGF3. Whereas preformed STAT2-IRF9 complexes control basal expression of IFN-induced genes (ISG), both type I IFN and, unexpectedly, IFNγ cause promoter binding of a complete ISGF3 complex containing STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9. In contrast to the dogmatic view of ISGF3 formation in the cytoplasm, our results suggest a model wherein the assembly of the ISGF3 complex occurs on DNA.


Wave propagation experiences extra loss in curved tunnels, which is highly desired for network planning. Extensive narrow-band propagation measurements are made in two types of Madrid subway tunnels (different cross sections and curvatures) with various configurations (different frequencies and polarizations). A ray tracer validated by the straight and curved parts of the measuring tunnels is employed to simulate the reference received signal power by assuming the curved tunnel to be straight. By subtracting the measured received power in the curved tunnels from the simulated reference power, the extra loss resulting from the tunnel curve is extracted. Finally, this paper presents the figures and tables quantitatively reflecting the correlations between the extra loss and radius of curvature, frequency, polarization, and cross section, respectively. The results are valuable for statistical modeling and the involvement of the extra loss in the design and network planning of communication systems in subway tunnels.