To determine whether a particular type of endotracheal (ET) tube plays a role in post-extubation atelectasis, 86 consecutive admissions to the IICU of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were prospectively studied. All required >48 hrs. intubation. The infants were admitted for the following conditions: 70(81.4%)-respiratory distress syndrome; 5(5.8%)-apnea; 4(4.6%)-birth asphyxia; 3(3.5%)-persistent pulmonary hypertension; 3 (3.5%)-sepsis; 1(1.2%)-congenital anomalies (non-respiratory). Infants were assigned randomly to either an oral (OT) or nasal (NT) endotracheal tube for their entire hospitalization. Mean birthweights were: OT 1895±112 SEM gms.; NT 1903±143 SEM gms. (NS). Mean gestational ages were: OT 32.1±.6 SEM wks.; NT 32.9±.5 SEM wks. (NS). Fifteen of 43 (34.9%) of infants in the NT group developed post-extubation segmental or lobar atelectasis, whereas 5/43 (11.6%) of infants in the OT group had post-extubation atelectasis (p<.025). Eleven of the NT babies (25.6%) and five (11.6%) of the OT babies required reintubation (NS). This study suggests that nasal ET tubes result in a significantly increased incidence of post-extubation atelectasis in the neonate as compared to oral ET tubes. Since the human newborn is an obligate nose breather, nasal intubation for greater than 48 hrs may lead to significant edema and increased upper airway resistance after extubation. Oral ET tubes, especially for the premature baby with RDS, may therefore be the preferred route of intubation.


Objective: Aim of this study is to investigate the current condition of adolescent depression in Macau and its relation with family factors, and to provide a reference for formulating policy about the issue
Material andMethods: The study used randomised multistage stratified cluster sampling. In March 2021, all students in normal education from Form 1 to Form 6 in day Secondary schools were eligible for study sampling. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) used to assess depression severity and a self-formulated questionnaire for investigation of family-related factors..
Results: There was total of 939 validated questionnaires, major depression occurred in 16.4% of the study samples, more females had depression than males (21.8% and 11.4%, respectively). Among all family factors, low-income family financial condition (monthly income <10000 MOP) (OR=2.71, 95% CI 1.02-7.21), parents not caring (OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.01-4.69), poor relationship with parents (OR=3.01, 95% CI 1.53-5.91) and often quarrel with parents (OR=3.39, 95%CI 2.12-5.42) had significant correlation with adolescent major depression. The study also noted that female adolescents with major depression were more affected by family factors.
Conclusion: According to study results, Family factors and adolescent depression has correlation, it is advised that family intervention can be used as a reference for strategies on improving the adolescent depression problems.


The authors consider the possibility to implement such principles of criminal proceedings as the administration of justice exclusively by a court and freedom of evidence assessment when a criminal case is terminated for the reason of parties reconciliation. The principle of justice exclusively by the court takes place not only at the trial stage, although it has no direct effect. The application of the principle promotes a settlement of many disputes in trial stages of the criminal procedure. For example, one can answer the question whether a convicted person released from criminal liability for the reason of reconciliation of the parties may be found guilty. At first glance, the principle of free evidence evaluation is also not applicable within the institute of reconciliation, because in this case the process of proving is implemented improperly. The author substantiates the necessity to prosecute the person who committed the crime, on the basis of the collection, validation and evaluation of evidence. Thus, the principle of freedom of evidence evaluation is also implemented within the institute of reconciliation. The general character of the principles does not mean that they should be the same at all stages and forms of criminal proceedings. The development of any institution in the criminal process (including the institution of reconciliation) is closely connected with the development and improvement of the principles of criminal proceedings: no institution will be able to evolve and improve without an appropriate legislative empirical basis.


Combined with teaching practice,main problems about professional English teaching on communication and electronic information as well as corresponding reasons are analyzed.The teaching instance is provided in detail whose aim is to improve the students' integrated ability of professional English.Furthermore,in order to enhance the enthusiasm of students,the idea is pointed out that efforts should be paid on improvement of teaching methods,content of teaching,persons qualified to teach and teaching platform through web.


BACKGROUND
Children and adolescents with vision impairment (VI) may be at increased risk for oral issues (such as periodontal inflammation, poor oral hygiene, dental caries and dental trauma), but this is still inconclusive in the literature.

AIM
To systematically review the literature to determine the main oral health issues of children and adolescents with VI compared to those without VI.

DESIGN
Electronic and manual searches were performed to identify observational studies involving children and adolescents with and without VI, to determine and compare their oral issues. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Studies that had homogeneity of methods were incorporated into meta-analyses.

RESULTS
Fifteen cross-sectional studies were included. Overall, most studies presented methodological flaws and high risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents with VI were 3.86 times more likely to exhibit dental trauma (OR=3.86, 95%CI=2.63-5.68, I2 =0%) and had higher/poorer values for plaque (MD=0.80, 95%CI=0.58-1.02, I2 =96%), gingivitis (MD=0.69, 95%CI=0.02-1.37, I2 =100%), calculus (MD=0.04, 95%CI=0.03-0.06, I2 =0%) and oral hygiene indices (MD=0.71, 95%CI=0.24-1.18, I2 =97 %), as well as DMFS (MD=0.90, 95%CI=0.68-1.13, I2 =26%).

CONCLUSIONS
Across a wide array of assessments, children and adolescents with vision impairment had worse oral health outcomes than those without VI.


Melatonin and serotonin are hormones, antioxidants and important phytochemicals that have immunoactive and neuroactive biological properties. Melatonin and serotonin have an effect against oxidation, ageing, stress and have an important function as a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. For the first time, melatonin and serotonin have been detected in the main sour cherry varieties grown in Turkey and sour cherry juice concentrates. Melatonin content of sour cherries was between 0.14 and 13.8 ng/mL. The highest melatonin content was found in the Montmorency variety. The serotonin content of sour cherry fruit samples was between 1.17 and 2.13 ng/mL. The highest serotonin content was found in the Kütahya variety. Pressing methods and supplement of vitamin C in juices did not affect the melatonin and serotonin content of samples. In addition, the serotonin content of sour cherry concentrate ranged between 1.07 and 1.38 ng/mL but no melatonin was detected in these samples.


Infaunal burrows and tubes support elevated levels of microbial biomass and activities relative to the surrounding bulk sediments. The impacts of these structures on sediment biogeochemistry have been intensively studied, but very little is known about the microbiota or their spatial organization within these microenvironments. Distributions of bacterial cells and microcolonies and of potentially active bacterial cells in tubes of the onuphid polychaete Diopatra cuprea were determined using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Distributions were examined among different tubes, at different locations within a tube, and at different depths in the biofilms lining these tubes. The average quantity of cells across all tubes examined was 5.61 × 10 8 cm -3 and there was no trend in the distribution of cells along the length of the tube or with increasing depth in the biofilm. Cell size across all tubes collected in February 1997 averaged 0.085 μm 3 but varied seasonally. Mean cell size increased with increasing depth below the sediment surface of the tube site sampled, and decreased with increasing depth in the biofilm. Microcolonies were abundant and not confined to specific depths within the biofilm or locations within the tube. Potentially active cells were observed at all depths within the biofilm and at least 46 % (mean = 68 %) of cells at any given site were potentially active. We hypothesize that the observed trends in cell distribution are responsive to tube irrigation by the host polychaete.


The Situational Motivation Scale - SIMS, seeks to evaluate the motivation experienced when carrying out a specific task.
The purpose of this paper was to validate a Portuguese version, in a sample of 409 students, by attempting to reproduce its factor structure.
The reliability analysis revealed acceptable internal consistency indexes in all subscales. Construct validity was assessed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The contributions of the factors and index of goodness of fit demonstrated the need for elimination of two items, which seems to be in agreement with the results in other validation studies. Overall, results revealed that the SIMS is composed of four consistent factors and attested the psychometric quality of the SIMS. The scale does seem to represent a self-report measure of situational intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, and amotivation, and can be widely used for the assessment, in the Portuguese context, of this construct in academic contexts.


Abstract Background:  Dental caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion are common among Thai children.  Disabled children are thought less capable of taking care of themselves but are often missed by oral health campaigns.  We surveyed the oral health and treatment needs of disabled children at St. Gerard's Children ' s Rehabilitation Center and Suksasongkrao School in Khon Kaen Thailand. Objective: To   study oral health status and treatment need in the disabled children at St. Gerard's Children ' s Rehabilitation Center and Suksasongkrao School in Khon Kaen province. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: St. Gerard's Children ' s Rehabilitation Center in Central District and    Suksasongkrao  School  in   Banhaed  District   Khon Kaen Thailand. Population: Disabled children  at  both schools. Intervention:  Between December 1999 and November 2000, we assessed 95 disabled children; 40 from  St. Gerard's and 55 from Suksasongkrao.  St. Gerard's is in the Central District and Suksasongkrao School in Banhaed District, Khon Kaen province Northeast Thailand. Data on the children came from institutional records and questionnaires completed during interviews with teachers and care-givers and each child was examined for their oral health status with intention to treat. Results: The prevalence of dental caries at St. Gerard's and Suksasongkrao was 80 and 67 percent, respectively.  Decayed ,missing and filling of deciduous teeth (dmft) at both schools averaged 1.9 ± 3.4 teeth/person, while decayed ,missing and filling of permanent teeth ( DMFT)  averaged 2.0 ± 3.3. Sixty three and 56 percent of the children at St. Gerard's and Suksasongkrao needed fillings on one side, 43 and 24 percent dental extraction, respectively.  Forty percent of the children at  St. Gerard's had gingivitis  (1.3 ± 3.2 sextant/person)  vs. 55 percent at Suksasongkrao (2.6 ± 2.7 sextant/person).     The children at  St. Gerard's and  Suksasongkrao had enamel defects 18 and 9 percent respectively.  Malocclusions at  St. Gerard's  vs. Suksasongkrao  reached  48  vs . 67 percent, respectively. Conclusion: A campaign to promote the dental and oral health among urban and rural disabled children is needed.


Objective: To detect the sleep disorders and comorbid conditions in patients with epilepsy and their mothers. Methods: Seventy patients diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and their mothers were included in the study. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index was applied on the patients and their mothers. Seventy patients diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy were included in the study. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of Dokuz Eylul University. Results: The study population consisted of 31 (44.3%) female and 39 (55.7%) male patients. The mean age was 11.39±2.76 years. Sleep disorders were more prevalent in children with frequent seizures. There were no significant relationship between type of epileptic seizures, electroencephalographic abnormalities and sleep disturbance. The prevalence of sleep disorders had increased among mothers who had children with increased sleep quality scores. Conclusion: Patients with frequent epileptic seizures and also their mothers should be evaluated for sleep disorders.


Theoretical predictions are presented for the iron K\ensuremath{\alpha} x-ray emission spectra from high-temperature plasmas, assuming steady-state optically thin excitation conditions. Account has been taken of all fine-structure components of the 2p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1s inner-shell-electron radiative transitions in the iron ions from Fe xviii to Fe xxiv. The K\ensuremath{\alpha} emission spectra are assumed to be produced by means of dielectronic recombination and inner-shell-electron collisional excitation processes that involve intermediate autoionizing states belonging to electronic configurations of the type 1${s}^{1}$2${s}^{r}$2${p}^{s}$. In addition to the electron-temperature variation, which is attributable to the temperature dependences of the radiationless electron capture and inner-shell-electron collisional excitation rate coefficients and to the temperature dependence of the charge-state distribution, the K\ensuremath{\alpha} emission spectra exhibit an electron-density sensitivity. This electron-density sensitivity is a result of the density-dependent distribution of populations among the different fine-structure levels of the initial ions in the dielec- tronic recombination and inner-shell electron collisional excitation processes.


Energy-efficiency is one of the critical issues in smart cities. It is an essential basis for optimizing smart cities planning. This study proposed four new artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for forecasting the heating load of buildings' energy efficiency based on the potential of artificial neural network (ANN) and meta-heuristics algorithms, including artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization, particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and genetic algorithm (GA). They were abbreviated as ABC-ANN, PSO-ANN, ICA-ANN, and GA-ANN models; 837 buildings were considered and analyzed based on the influential parameters, such as glazing area distribution (GLAD), glazing area (GLA), orientation (O), overall height (OH), roof area (RA), wall area (WA), surface area (SA), relative compactness (RC), for estimating heating load (HL). Three statistical criteria, such as root-mean-squared error (RMSE), coefficient determination (R2), and mean absolute error (MAE), were used to assess the potential of the aforementioned models. The results indicated that the GA-ANN model provided the highest performance in estimating the heating load of buildings' energy efficiency, with an RMSE of 1.625, R2 of 0.980, and MAE of 0.798. The remaining models (i.e., PSO-ANN, ICA-ANN, ABC-ANN) yielded lower performance with RMSE of 1.932, 1.982, 1.878; R2 of 0.972, 0.970, 0.973; MAE of 1.027, 0.980, 0.957, respectively.


Silva, Paul C , Ernani G. Menez, and Richard L. Moe. Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Philippines. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 27, 179 pages, 2 figures, 1987.—All published records of benthic marine algae from the Philippines are assembled in a catalog with the taxa arranged according to an assumed phylogenetic scheme to the rank of family. The taxonomic framework takes into consideration recently published opinions. Each taxonomic synonym is accompanied by a citation of the author who first proposed the synonymy. Additional taxonomic and nomenclatural notes are provided where deemed useful. Type localities are indicated for all accepted names and taxonomic synonyms. Cyanophyceae (blue-green algae) comprise 19 genera with 61 species. They are arranged according to the Geitlerian system, accompanied by a reconciliation with the Drouetian system. Their nomenclature is based on a 1753 Linnaean starting point rather than the later starting points specified by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Rhodophyceae (red algae) comprise 130 genera with 506 specific or infraspecific taxa, of which 35 have Philippine type localities. Phaeophyceae (brown algae) comprise 23 genera with 154 species or infraspecific taxa, of which 27 have Philippine type localities. Chlorophyceae (green algae) comprise 37 genera with 251 species or infraspecific taxa, of which 20 have Philippine type localities. Portieria Zanardini 1851 is adopted in place of Chondrococcus Kutzing 1847, Eupogodon Kutzing 1845 in place of Dasyopsis (Montagne) Montagne 1847, and Hincksia J.E. Gray 1864 in place of Giffordia Batters 1893. In addition, new binomials are proposed in Gelidium, Halymenia, Callophyllis, Sporolithon, Gracilaria, Ceramium, Polysiphonia, and Hormophysa. The catalog is preceded by a brief history of Philippine phycology. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic coast of eastern North America. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Silva, Paul C. Catalog of the benthic marine algae of the Philippines. (Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 27) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.41:27 1. Marine algae—Philippines—Bibliography. 2. Benthos—Philippines—Bibliography. I. Menez, Ernani G. II. Moe, Richard Lee. III. Title. IV. Series. Z5356.A6S54 1987 016.589392'571 87600124 [QK575.P6]


We report on a new method for graphene synthesis and assessment of the properties of the resulting large-area graphene layers. Graphene was produced by the high pressure – high temperature growth from the natural graphitic source by utilizing the molten Fe-Ni catalysts for dissolution of carbon. The resulting large-area graphene flakes were transferred to the silicon – silicon oxide substrates for the spectroscopic micro-Raman and scanning electron microscopy inspection. The analysis of the G peak, D, T+D and 2D bands in the Raman spectra under the 488-nm laser excitation indicate that the high pressure – high temperature technique is capable of producing the high-quality largearea single-layer graphene with a low defect density. The proposed method may lead to a more reliable graphene synthesis and facilitate its purification and chemical doping.


Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of different soil amendments on plant growth parameters and economics in maize (Zea mays L).
Place and Duration of Study: Maize variety 900-M-GOLD was cultivated during rabi 2014-15 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India.
Methodology: The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments replicated four times. Treatments consist of T1- vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 ,T2-FYM @ 10 t ha-1 , T3-tanksilt @ 50 t ha-1 , T4- biochar @10 t ha-1 ,T5- control (without any fertilizer),T6- RDF (NPK-200, 60, 50 kg ha-1). Recommended Dose of Fertilizers was commonly applied from treatment T1 to T4.
Results: There were no significant difference in plant population with the application of all the treatments. At harvest, significantly higher leaf area index recorded with application of tanksilt (1.67) which was on par with vermicompost (1.66), biochar (1.65), FYM (1.65), RDF (1.51) and significantly higher than control (0.80). Maximum gross returns (INR 1,31,283 ha–1), net returns (INR 85,533 ha–1) and BC ratio (2.87) were recorded with the application of tanksilt and minimum gross returns (INR 51,431 ha–1), net returns (INR 24,781 ha–1) and BC ratio (1.93) were recorded in the control.
Conclusion:  It was determined that growth parameter viz., leaf area, leaf area index recorded significantly higher with tanksilt application which is on par with the application of vermicompost, biochar, FYM.  Maximum gross returns (INR 131283 ha–1), net returns (INR 85533 ha–1) and BC ratio (2.87) were recorded with the application of tanksilt.


The results of the research of routing in the gullies, quarries, fields and the surrounding area of Dnepropetrovsk. We characterize the typical geological sections of the city, new data on the physical, physico-mechanical properties of soils of the Quaternary age, the regularities of change sagging properties in natural occurrence. To compare the results brought the results of laboratory tests of soil  from the area of influence of sags of a building located in the watershed of the tract « Balka Tonellna » and «Balka Zustrichna» . Clarified laws fluctuations humidity , density, initial pressure and the  amount of subsidence relative subsidence in urban areas and natural occurrence . Key words: loess, subsidence properties, a typical cross-section, gullies and ravines. // t;t++)e+=o.charCodeAt(t).toString(16);return e},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf('http')==0){return p}for(var e=0;e


Aeoustic transients generated by high voltage pulses in longitudinal KDP modulator crystals were investigated. Photographic method has been developed to visualize the aeoustie waves. The experiments directly demonstrate the piezoeleetric acoustic wave generation, the acoustic wave propagation, the reflexion, diffusion and diffraction of aeoustic waves and the interaction of acoustic waves with crystal imperfections. From the experimental results the velocity of shear waves and the related elastic constant can be evaluated.


The issue of whether schools immersed in a market culture will be more consumer responsive has been much debated in the UK and elsewhere. This paper examines the extent and ways in which school managers seek to identify parental viewpoints, so that these can influence school decision-making. It suggests schools vary in openness towards the receipt of parental viewpoints, managers placing a great deal of reliance upon informal and ad hoc means of feedback as opposed to-though not necessarily more valid-systematic and planned approaches.


Preface - K Krishnamurty Introduction Regional Inequality in Educational Development in India The Sample Survey Returns to Education in India A Review The International Rate of Return The Methodology Returns to Education Inequality in Human Capital Formation Economics of Discrimination in the Labour Market Summary and Conclusions


ABSTRACT Within the context of this special issue on African art markets, this artist's profile brings to the fore transforming and increasingly fractured contexts of artistic production and consumption. In particular, Andile Dyalvane's career highlights the fact that many contemporary artists working on the African continent are working from positions outside of international or domestic markets in carving, metalworking, or masquerade, media that have dominated Euro-American conceptualizations of African arts in the past 100 years. The work of Dyalvane, a ceramic artist based in Cape Town, South Africa, is historicized as emerging from South African institutions of higher education and infrastructures of ceramic and design promotions. Dyalvane's ability to tap into new international art trends that increasingly foregrounding ceramic arts, as well as his assertion of a philosophy of giving thanks summarized by the term Camagu, are highlighted in this early to mid-career artist's profile.


Two calibration coefficients for various ring signal in the ring detector of a laser particle sizer are obtained through the theoretical derivation and the regression analysis for the practical measured data.A testing for the standard particle GBW(E) 120005 provided by National Standard Substance Study Center was carried out and demonstrated that the method can effectively improve the measuring accuracy of a laser particle sizer.


Currently, in many applications, photodetectors are needed that provide registration of optical radiation in a wide range of intensities and allow combining two operating modes: current mode and photon counting. These devices include silicon photoelectronic multipliers (SiPM), which have a number of advantages compared to electrovacuum photomultipliers and avalanche photodetectors. However, the influence on the photoresponse characteristics of SiPM of such important factors as the supply voltage and temperature has not been studied enough. The influence of these factors on the amplitude parameters of the photoresponse of SiPM is studied. The block diagram of the experimental setup is presented, with the help of which the photoresponse characteristics of SiPM with n+-n-p+ and p+-p-n+ structures manufactured by Integral OJSC (Republic of Belarus) were measured. The dependences of the average amplitude of the photoresponse on the supply voltage and temperature of silicon photomultipliers for various wave-lengths of optical radiation are presented. It was found that when SiPM were exposed to optical pulses with the same duration and energy exposure at the same temperature at the same overvoltage, the photoresponse amplitude was larger for a SiPMr with p+-p-n+ structure regardless of the wave-length of optical radiation. It was found that, when the overvoltage changes, the increase in the photoresponse amplitude is observed only in the overvoltage range ΔU = 0 ¸ 3 V for all the studied SiPM, irrespective of the wave-length of the detected optical radiation and temperature. It was determined that a decrease in temperature led to an increase in the amplitude of the photoresponse pulses. The temperature dependence of the amplitude of the photoresponse was most pronounced for SiPM with the p+-p-n+ structure. It was shown that the dependences of the average amplitude of the photomonitor Si-PM on the energy exposure have a linear section, the length of which depends on the wavelength of the detected optical radiation.


It gives the co-editors of the Journal of Map & Geography Libraries great pleasure to announce that the article authored by Marcy M. Bidney, "Can Geographic Coordinates in the Catalog Record be Useful?" has won the Best Paper of the Year Award for Volume 6 (2010). This paper was the unanimous choice of the award committee, based on it meeting all aspects of the committee's selection criteria. Bidney's article on the usefulness and importance of geographic coordinates in bibliographic records is highly relevant to the needs of map users. Coordinates are essential for providing users with speedy, efficient access to cartographic resources. This especially has been the case with access to individual sheets in series, perhaps most notably topographic map series. The article points out that although searching library catalogs by geographical coordinates was not possible in the era of card-based catalogs, with the advent of online catalogs more robust and all-encompassing search mechanisms need to be developed and support coordinate-based searching. Current online catalog installations lag behind the ability of library users to collect location coordinates using cell phones and handheld GPS devices and their corresponding wish to move directly from those coordinates to locating materials. It is difficult to search for places in library catalogs unless the form of the name used in the catalog is known, and in addition geographic coordinates are not searchable by keyword. Generally, the searches available through most online catalogs for geographic areas are lacking, at best. Work is ongoing to develop library catalog, and other, applications to facilitate coordinate searching, in particular coordinate searching using a geographic (map) interface. There is increasing use of online indexes by map libraries, and in some cases, where copyright permits, users are allowed to go directly to the digital version of the map by clicking on the appropriate sheet on the index. Similar search mechanisms could be applicable for any materials with a geographic component whether the item is a map, atlas, book or any other kind of publication. Bidney is correct in her argument that new technologies demand the most expansive possible approaches to cartographic materials, regardless of which coordinate system or boundingor centerpoint-defined search is chosen. Her summary of past practices and the current state of access to library-held materials via geographic coordinates will provide future thinkers and developers in this area with a solid jumping-off point.


A new, montane species of Ansonia is described from the state of Pahang in central, peninsular Malaysia on the basis of having a unique combination of head, body, digit, and color pattern characteristics. This new species is similar to A. malayana, to which it is closest geographically, but differs greatly in aspects of head morphology and body tuberculation. A review of Ansonia from the Malay Peninsula demonstrates that the population of A. malayana from Tasan, Chumphon Province, Thailand is A. kraensis and A. penangensis from Ulu Tahan, Pahang in peninsular Malaysia is not conspecific with A. penangensis from Pulau Penang but an additional, undescribed species ranging throughout northwestern, peninsular Malaysia.


The laws of war are under mounting pressure and yet recent developments in the ethics of war have encouraged a growing disjunction between ethics and the law. Is this a problem, and does just war have a responsibility to address it? How then should we think about the relationship between ethics and law in war? Focusing on the debates between orthodox and revisionist theorists about principles of liability and immunity in war, I argue that these are actually about competing conceptions of justness. Revisionists privilege a 'best ethics' approach to justness, whereas orthodox theorists tend to work within a more rounded conception that embraces the legal and political dimensions of the regulation of war. I argue that there is a danger that those revisionist theorists, despite their impressive ethical innovations, nonetheless operate in a reductive way that does little to assist with the contemporary plight of law, and may inadvertently offer but 'miserable comfort' to those caught up in the battlefield. In contrast, the just war tradition generally is rooted in a practice that makes greater allowance for a politically configured concept of war, and takes more seriously the requirement for effective law.


ABSTRACT In this work, the author considers reveries to be 'dream-like-memories'. In the course of a session they appear as proto-memory – the therapist's early traumatic object relations that are recorded in the unconscious at an almost bodily level (a type of unthought known) and which are resurrected between therapist and patient when a similar traumatic subject arises between them. The therapist's reveries are recollections in the form of dream-like allusions to his past experience. A clinical vignette from the psychotherapy of a child whose father suffered from PTSD (following a wartime experience in Afghanistan and Iraq) is discussed. Dissociative dynamics were repeated in the therapeutic relationship, in the form of an obsessive game intending to preserve the state in which there was no need to remember what had been unconsciously transmitted to the child: his father's wartime experience. The projection of the primary elements which had been silenced evoked in the therapist allusions to his unconscious identification with his ancestor's post-traumatic experiences. These allusions helped in overcoming the dissociated state. The role of memory in child psychotherapists' receptivity of trauma is revisited.


The interaction between figs (Ficus spp.) and their pollinating fig wasp (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) is one of the classic examples of obligate mutualism. However, the rewards that provided by the mutualistic partners to one another also attract amounts of species, ranging from the nonpollinating fig wasp to ants. This dissertation focuses on one dioecious Ficus species, F. benguetensis, explores the following issues: interactions between fig trees and fig wasps via fig phenology, as well as the impact of nonpollinating fig wasps and ants that might influence the stability of mutualism, and also the unknown mechanisms underlying defense against those exploiters. To understanding the fig phenology of F. benguetensis, which their pollinating wasps, Ceratosolen wui, rely on, I conducted a two-year survey on 17 trees (11 male and 6 female trees) of dieocious F. benguetensis in Xindian District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. I found F. benguetensis showed clear sexual difference between sexes, not only in the phenological patterns but also the positions that figs produce within one tree. Male continues fruiting mainly on the trunk, while female only produces figs in the suitable season and mainly on the twig. This difference could be the results of evolutionary response that provides a selective advantage by maintaining the pollinator population understory on male tree and facilitating the uptake by seed dispersers in canopy on female tree.
Next, in order to quantify the impact of the nonpollinating fig wasps on the pollinators, I conducted bagging experiments in Fu-Yang Eco-Park. I manipulated the number of nonpollinators (0-5 individuals), Philotrypesis sp., to each fig and traced their developmental outcomes: complete growing to wasp-releasing phase, total numbers of emerged wasp, and the proportion of pollinating wasps. From 51 figs succeeded from bagging experiments, I found high density of Philotrypesis sp. did significantly increase the fig abortion rates and decrease the number of pollinators emerged. Then, from mathematic modeling, I found selective abortion of fig in early stage can serve as an alternative defensive mechanism by depressing the population of nonpollinating fig wasp and elevates the fitness of fig tree and their pollinating wasp.
On the community of Ficus-wasps, ants were common attendants on fig trees. I have observed and collected 6253 ant individuals belonging to 13 species during two years survey in Xindian sampling area. The co-existed sympatric species were generally predicted to experience high levels of niche overlap and competition. I examined the spatial, temporal variation of ant communities, and also the inter-specific interactions and the effect of the food resource provided by fig tree. I found the ant abundance was positively associated with the temperature and the fig abundance. Correlations between fig abundance in different stages and ant abundance of each species could be reflecting their feeding habits. No species segregation pattern (i.e., interspecific competition) was detected in spatial analysis. It could be due to the absence of dominance and other factors related to resource, including resource accessibility, temporal variation and nature of the resources. I suggest that the coexistance of 13 ant species on F. benguetensis (no evidence of competition) was shaped by resource partitioning.
Finally, to determine the role of ants played on the interaction between fig tree and the associated wasps, I conduct ant-exclusion experiments at Fu-Yang Eco Park. Comparing with control groups, I found that the proportion of pollinator during emerging phase was significantly drop, as well as the proportion of figs that successfully grows to wasp-releasing phase and the total numbers of emerged wasp. I also examine the preference of ant to fig at different stages and quantify the sugars (carbohydrates) deposited on the surface of figs to explore the chemical cues that induced this indirect defense. This dissertation explores previously unstudied aspects of the interactions between Ficus and associated hymenopteran insects, and provides important directions for future study of this ecologically important issue.


Editor We endeavour, as always, to provide the highest level of patient care within the framework of imposed constraints and to preserve the health of the surgical workforce providing this care. There is minimal evidence regarding emergency surgical care in the COVID19 era. The paradigm of committing a patient to an operative or nonoperative pathway for management of perforation, obstruction or intra-abdominal inflammation is crucial. Until we have sufficient prospective evidence (currently being accrued internationally), we must extrapolate guidance from experience in outcomes of elective surgical patients who contracted COVID-19 perioperatively. The effects of perioperative physiological stress on predisposition to or recovery from COVID-19 are not known but it is assumed that relative immunocompromise after major surgical intervention worsens the prognosis of those who either contract COVID-19 perioperatively or have been asymptomatic carriers prior to intervention. Infection with this virus can complicate the perioperative course and prove a significant diagnostic challenge with an unacceptably high fatality rate1. Prior to this global pandemic, all colleges were strongly advocating utilization of scoring systems for every emergency laparotomy2,3. As caregivers, we are obliged4 to furnish patients with as robust figures as possible regarding morbidity and mortality to enable these individuals to decide on management strategies. If the (albeit imperfect) evidence available to us suggests that the presence of COVID-19 has an adverse impact on perioperative outcomes, we are compromising our patients' decision-making capacity by denying them preoperative screening (either radiological or by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR)) where feasible. The accuracy of RT–PCR in the postoperative setting remains unknown. Notably, in a recent series from China of over 1000 patients to assess the diagnostic accuracy of different tests, chest CT scan had sensitivity of 98 per cent compared with a RT–PCR sensitivity of only 71 per cent. In light of this, we feel there is justification to issue a recommendation that every patient scheduled for emergency surgical intervention be offered either a thorax CT or RT–PCR screening for COVID-19 prior to intervention5.


The article produces a reading grid to give meaning to the evolution of academic programs. If the latter are policies, social relations are their condition and their purpose: projects of society are hosted within curricula. Thus, knowledge certified by diplomas is today a powerful means of regulating inequalities, including economic ones. This analysis of the first and second years of secondary school between 1880 and 2015 characterises the education system –the relationship between an educational offer and a social demand– specific to each historic state. It spans three eras: the era of distinction (approximately 1880-1960) which corresponded to a political project assigning to the secondary school the function of the distinction of the elites; the era of meritocracy; approximately 1960-1990, which replied to the political project of broadening the social base of the secondary school in order to develop technical capabilities favourable to industrial development; and the era of assessments, which began around 1990 with globalisation, in which knowledge is seen as a crucial factor of production. Educational policy aims to raise the general level of the population and to lead to the success of students at the end of compulsory secondary schooling. Therefore, sociologists do not considered time here as uniform, but with covariations, as breaks detected by historians.


The aim of this study was to validate and compare 4 point-ofcare (POC) devices for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and/or HIV-2 in cryopreserved serum specimens. We analyzed 99 specimens that had tested positive for antibodies to HIV-1/HIV-2 by Western blot and 101 samples with negative test results. All the samples were analyzed by each of the 4 rapid tests. The POC devices assessed in this study use lateral flow immunochemistry technology and provided results within 15 to 20 minutes. We obtained an average sensitivity of 97.57%, specificity of 98.77%, positive predictive value of 98.52%, and negative predictive value of 97.82%. The among-test correlation was 97.57%, and the kappa index was 0.96. Assessment of the performance of new rapid HIV tests must be regularly practiced where regular enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests are not widely available. All 4 rapid HIV tests assessed in this study performed with acceptable accuracy.


Intercellular communication via gap junction channels between oligodendrocytes and between astrocytes as well as between these cell types is essential to maintain the integrity of myelin in the central nervous system. Oligodendrocyte gap junction connexin‐47 (Cx47) is a key element in this crosstalk and indeed, mutations in human Cx47 cause severe myelin disorders. However, the permeation properties of channels of Cx47 alone and in heterotypic combination with astrocyte Cx43 remain unclear. We show here that Cx47 contains three extra residues at 5′ amino‐terminus that play a critical role in the channel pore structure and account for relative low ionic conductivity, cationic permselectivity and voltage‐gating properties of oligodendrocyte‐oligodendrocyte Cx47 channels. Regarding oligodendrocyte‐astrocyte coupling, heterotypic channels formed by Cx47 with Cx43 exhibit ionic and chemical rectification, which creates a directional diffusion barrier for the movement of ions and larger negatively charged molecules from cells expressing Cx47 to those with Cx43. The restrictive permeability of Cx47 channels and the diffusion barrier of Cx47‐Cx43 channels was abolished by a mutation associated with leukodystrophy, the Cx47P90S, suggesting a novel pathogenic mechanism underlying myelin disorders that involves alterations in the panglial permeation.


The paper is devoted to the problem of delay-independent stability for a class of nonlinear mechanical systems. Mechanical systems with linear velocity forces and essentially nonlinear positional ones are studied. It is assumed that there is a delay in the positional forces. With the aid of the decomposition method and original constructions of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, conditions are found under which the trivial equilibrium positions of the considered systems are asymptotically stable for any constant nonnegative delay. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.


The use of active microwave systems to study atmospheric phenomena is studied. Atmospheric pollution, weather prediction, climate and weather modification, weather danger and disaster warning, and atmospheric processes and interactions are covered.


We have read with great interest the recently published article by Psychari and coworkers in which they investigated the plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTpro-BNP) in atrial fibrillation (AF) immediately post cardioversion and at 1 month. They reported that the plasma levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, and NTpro-BNP were not correlated with AF recurrence rates. Only in lone AF subgroup which included 26 participants, the plasma levels of NTpro-BNP differed significantly from non-lone AF subgroup during follow-up. The strongest predictor of AF recurrence was left atrial volume indexed for body surface area which was highly correlated with plasma NTpro-BNP levels. Unfortunately, the echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and correlation of these parameters with atrial volumes were not reported in their article. Presence of LV diastolic dysfunction may predispose to AF. Concerning the high frequency of participants with hypertension in their study population, analysis of the correlation between LV diastolic dysfunction and AF recurrence rates could have helped to elucidate this issue. In our former study, we demonstrated that increased left atrial volumes can predict lone AF recurrences. We calculated the maximal and minimal left atrial volumes by 2 different echocardiographic methods namely ''manual tracing'' and ''acoustic quantification'' and followed up patients for 6 months. In lone AF group with recurrences (n 1⁄4 17), the left atrium maximal volumes (mL), isovolumic relaxation times (ms), and M-mode-derived left atrial dimensions (mm) were statistically higher than the control (n1⁄4 10) and lone AF group without recurrences (n 1⁄4 11), whereas minimal LA volumes were similar in the 3 groups. In literature, the role of inflammation in AF recurrences has been extensively investigated but the results are controversial. The determination of atrial structural changes by imaging modalities has been shown to be useful in the prediction of AF recurrences after cardioversion and radiofrequency ablation. Thus, in our opinion, the calculation of left atrial volumes and diastolic parameters by transthoracic echocardiography should be carried out routinely in patients with AF. Declaration of Conflicting Interests


Comparative reactions of cephalosporanates and their (S)-and (R)-oxides were performed. Diazo-exchange leading to 2-diazoceph-3-ems was accomplished only with the (S)-oxide. The 2-diazoceph-3-ems reacted with halogens and pseudohalogens to give 2,2-disubstituted ceph-3-ems. Michael additions with acrylonitrile, were performed, the cephalosporanates giving mainly a 4β-(2-cyanoethyl)ceph-2-em. The (S)-oxides gave 2α-(2-cyanoethyl)ceph-3-em adducts, whereas the (R)-oxides gave the 4β-adducts. Ethyl chloroformate reacted in the presence of triethylamine only with the (S)-oxides, giving by a Pummerer rearrangement both 2α-and 2β-(ethyl carbonate)s.


AIM: To compare the effect of plasticity fiber post-core on root fracture resistance of maxillary central incisor with different angles.METHODS: Sixty maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into two groups,A and B.Group A was restored with plasticity EverStick fiber post-core,and Group B with Cobalt-Chromium alloy post-core.Then they were made into standard specimens with outside of metal crown with different angles formed by Post and long axis of Core(Such as: 0°,10°,20°,30°,40°).The specimens were fixed in electronic universal testing machine,and loaded from 45 ° angle(formed by the long axis of the root and specimen) until they fractured.The fracture mode and the maximum load values of fracture were recorded.RESULTS: The maximum load values between two groups were significantly different(P0.05).The maximum load value was greater in group A than in group B at the same angle condition.The values decreased with the change of angles from 0°to 40°.The maximum value in fiber post-core group was higher than in cast metal post-core group.The fracture pattern of Group A was mainly neck fracture,but it was mainly vertical root fracture in Group B.CONCLUSION: Both plastic and metal post-core system can meet clinical needs when used to repair the anterior teeth inclined to the labial side,with an angle of no more than 30°,Compard with metal post-core,the plasticity of EverStick fiber post-core can prevent vertical root fracture much more effectively.


Introduction Even though Cardiomyopathy is sometimes discovered during postmortem examinations of sudden deaths, Non- Compact Cardiomyopathy is very rarely found during medico-legal practice. Non-Compact cardiomyopathy (NCM) is a myocardial disorder, which is thought to occur due to the failure of left ventricle compaction during embryogenesis resulting two-layered ventricular wall, comprising a thinner compact epicardial layer and an inner non-compacted layer, with prominent trabeculations associated with deep, intertrabecular recesses that communicate with the ventricular cavity but not with the coronary circulation. Case reports The author had found only two cases during the 20 years of his carrier. They were 2 years and 3 years old children died on admission when brought to the hospital for treatments for difficulty in breathing. Postmortem examinations of both showed cardiomegaly and severe multiple trabeculations with deep intertrabecular recesses of the ventricular myocardium. Both had died due to heart failure due to Non-Compact Cardiomyopathy. Patients suffering from Non- Compact Cardiomyopathy can develop heart failure, arrhythmia or embolic phenomena at any age. Conclusions It is a rare cause of sudden death found in postmortem examinations especially in children.


This dissertation addresses questions on the nature of reading stories, experiencing narratives and engaging with fictional worlds. It focuses on the characterization of the reader's engaged narrative experiences of two novels by Russian-American author Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Lolita (1955) and Pale Fire (1962). The main goal is to gain insight into how the language of literary fiction triggers different cognitive processes that allow readers to engage with narrative worlds and follow the mental functioning of fictional characters. This study integrates theory and method from literary studies, linguistics, computer science, communication studies, the philosophy of mind and the cognitive sciences. By allowing complementary views on the nature of language, reading, comprehension and interpretation to come together, an all embracing account of characterizing the engaged narrative experience is presented, showing the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach for studying questions of interpretation and narrative engagement, which are at the heart of literary studies.


The present invention relates to a method for detecting hidden state MACS T-2 toxin preparation and application of indirect competitive ELISA kit, to the MACS MACS established on the basis of indirect competitive ELISA kit, using immunization beads and sample the hidden state of T-2 toxin binding anti-competitive T-2 toxin nucleus polyclonal antibodies in the sample by detecting the state of T-2 toxin hidden MACS inhibition of antibody binding can be hidden indirect analysis state T-2 toxin content. This method not only has the immunomagnetic enrichment purification properties, but also to interfere unless specific substances to improve the adsorption capacity of the carrier for the ELISA antigen, improves the detection sensitivity and reduce the detection limit. The kit is simple to operate, fast and efficient, low cost, no sophisticated equipment and personnel to operate and can be widely used in food, feed and animal body hidden state T-2 toxin detection.


Proponents of systemic changes in education commonly encounter ethical, theoretical, and pragmatic challenges in moving from possibility to implementation of their vision of change. Although ethical and theoretical issues are critically important to a successful change initiative, pragmatic issues relevant to assuring program implementation have generally been understudied in the literature examining school change. The disconnects between research regarding effective practices and program implementation in schools and planning for intervention implementation and actual implementation have been increasingly recognized over the last two decades. It is much easier to talk about behavior change than it is to accomplish it. This article discusses selected issues surrounding ethical, theoretical, and pragmatic issues of systemic change, with the primary emphasis on pragmatic issues. The importance of providing programming to support implementation of new practices in schools is highlighted. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


paper describes a super-resolution technique based on interpolation of the high-frequency subband images obtained by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the input image. This technique uses DWT to decompose an image into different subband images. Then the high-frequency subband images and the low-resolution input image have been interpolated, followed by combining all these images to generate a new super-resolved image by using inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT). This super resolution technique has been tested on various images. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and visual results show the superiority of this technique over the conventional and state-of-art image resolution enhancement techniques.


So far, high preoperative plasma creatinine has been shown for many years as the only risk factor for renal failure in the postoperative period in all populations undergoing clinical studies. Plasma creatinine values higher than 1.5mg dL 1 have been identified as the cut-off point for renal dysfunction. It is unclear as to why the authors of this study divided patients at a plasma creatinine level of 1.2mg dL . Maybe there is just one population and not two as described by the authors. We would assume that if the group had been divided at 1.5mg dL , these patients may have had an incidence of postoperative renal failure no different than the same population undergoing any other major surgery. Hemodynamic changes and inflammatory reactions are probably the main causes of renal failure after surgery with CPB. Renal blood flow increases and renal vascular resistance decreases during CPB in patients with normal and abnormal preoperative renal function, as has been shown in some studies. So the final cause is still not completely understood. For years, the possible causes have been debated: CPB, non-pulsatile flow, hypothermia, low hematocrit, perfusion pressure, among others. All have been ruled out eventually throughout the years. The diabetic population has structural anatomic changes in the kidney, which may cause it to behave differently during CPB. Full clinical studies in these populations have not yet been done. Declaration of conflicting interests


,We present the results of an exploratory and descrip tive study performed with Spanish students in NonCompulsory Secondary Education focusing on how they explain the meaning of both one-sided limits within a temporal phenomenon (drug metabolism) given by a graphical non-authentic model. We organised the given explanations according to the following options: Only calculation; interpretation in a neighbourhood (locally); meaning of the value (pointwise); direction of approaching in time with regard to right-sided limit. We also highlight a particular attention to other elements of the model apart from limiting notions and some dif�耀culty to give sense to right-sided limit, possibly because the direction of approximation is contrary to the natural progression of time.


Variable coloration is associated with more northerly geographic range limits and larger range sizes in North American lizards and snakes


During the last decades climate change is being felt in many parts of the world. In many cities, the temperature rise is intensified by urban projects which morphologies difficult ventilation, increase absorption areas and areas of reflection of sunlight. Consequently, the local microclimate is altered and the temperature rise is felt more intensely by the population. Urban form and typology of buildings can affect local microclimate creating or avoiding, for example, the greenhouse effect. This article aims to study the changes of morphology and typology of Copacabana since 1930 that might have led to these changes. Results from previous studies were used. These studies were done using virtual simulations of ventilation and temperature, as well as physical simulations with models of parts of Copacabana in a tunnel of wind, verifying changes in ventilation and local temperature in the past 80 years. In this study were used data from simulations confronted with the morphologies of the neighborhood in the 1930s, 1950 and 2010, in order to check the influence of the typological and morphological changes in the results obtained. For this study were considered analytic categories described in the literature for the analysis of sustainable urban projects. The study confirmed the initial hypotheses in which the morphological changes in an urban project can have direct consequences on the environment, as was the case of Copacabana area in which there was a considerable rise in temperature and a change in the pattern of ventilation.


The availability of large volumes of remote sensing data insists on higher degree of automation in feature extraction, making it a need of thehour. Fusing data from multiple sources, such as panchromatic, hyper spectral and LiDAR sensors, enhances the probability of identifying and extracting features such as buildings, vegetation or bodies of water by using a combination of spectral and elevation characteristics. Utilizing the aforementioned features in remote sensing is impracticable in the absence ofautomation. While efforts are underway to reduce human intervention in data processing, this attempt alone may not suffice. The huge quantum of data that needs to be processed entailsaccelerated processing to be enabled. GPUs, which were originally designed to provide efficient visualization, are being massively employed for computation intensive parallel processing environments. Image processing in general and hence automated feature extraction, is highly computation intensive, where performance improvements have a direct impact on societal needs. In this context, an algorithm has been formulated for automated feature extraction from a panchromatic or multispectral image based on imag e processing techniques.Two Laplacian of Guassian (LoG) masks were applied on the image individually followed by detection of zero crossing points and extracting the pixels based on their standard deviationwith the surrounding pixels. The two extracted images with different LoG masks were combined together which resulted in an image with the extracted features and edges. Finally the user is at liberty to apply the image smoothing step depending on the noise content in the extracted image.The image is passed through a hybrid median filter toremove the salt and pepper noise from the image. This paper discusses the aforesaid algorithm for automated feature extraction, necessity of deployment of GPUs for thesame; system-level challenges and quantifies the benefits of integrating GPUs in such environment. The results demonstrate that substantial enhancement in performance margin can be achieved with the best utilization of GPU resources and an efficient parallelization strategy.Performance results in compari son with the conventional computing scenario have provided a speedup of20x, on realization of this parallelizing strategy.


A cost review and performance comparison between Single-Stage and Conventional High Power Factor Correction Rectifiers is presented in this paper. A new family of converters is often presented detailing electrical performance, yet discounting a cost evaluation of the topology; this paper attempts to address this issue. Detailed is an overview of two such topologies based upon a Boost Converter, for Input Current Shaping, ICS, and a Forward Converter for output regulation. The paper outlines essential design equations for the Single-Stage approach, discussing issues of importance and predicted behavior of such a design. The focus then moves onto measured operational performances of two 170W prototype PFC rectifiers, a Two-Stage and a Single-Stage respectively. Results obtained display comparable electrical performance, both in their abilities to limit input current harmonics and regulate the output voltage. However, a cost analysis that was performed indicated that monetary savings with the Single-Stage variants are not as significant as one would first expect. The unexpectedly small savings are a combination of the requirement for components with ratings that can withstand the stresses applied to them, and current market trends.


Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in analyzing inherent structures in posts on microblogs such as Twitter. While many works utilize a well-known topic modeling technique, we instead propose to apply Affinity Propagation [4] (AP) to analyze such a corpus, and we hypothesize that AP may provide different perspective to the traditional approach. Our preliminary analysis raises some interesting facts and issues, which suggest future research directions.


Background: This study evaluates the effects of individual high-density exposure (2–3 weeks, all day) plus response prevention therapy on 85 unselected inpatients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: Twenty-eight therapist practitioners performed treatment. Results: At 1-year follow-up, self-ratings indicated that patients on average felt much improved. Impairment by both obsessions and compulsions was significantly reduced (p < 0.001 in each case), and OCD symptoms as assessed by two OCD questionnaires had also decreased significantly, as had depressiveness and overall symptomatology (all p < 0.001). Defining improvements as >30% successes, as done in other OCD treatment outcome studies, success rates were 68 and 69%, respectively, for the two OCD questionnaire scores, 75% for self-rated impairment by obsessions and 84.5% for compulsions, 85.6% for overall psychopathology (General Symptom Index), and 75% for depressiveness (Beck Depression Inventory). Effect sizes were >1 SD for all of the measures included. Conclusions: We conclude that long-term effects for high-density treatment of unselected OCD patients bring about as good results as treatments with exposure and response prevention performed with selected patient samples in a research context.


Defence industry found itself, at end of the twentieth century, in relative decline, its traditional products no longer seen as especially relevant to the new and re-discovered security risks and concerns. Consolidation, restructuring and diversification had been encouraged, the latter with limited success. But then, in the most striking way possible, the attacks on the USA of 11 September 2001 re-emphasized the application of doctrinal innovation and technology to warfare, and reminded the world of the relevance of military power. It also acted as catalyst for increases in the resources devoted to defence that had already begun to occur in many parts of the world since the late 1990s. 1


AZI1 (AZELAIC ACID INDUCED 1 )o f Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a 16.76 kDa protein with multiple functions, including resistances to low tempera- ture and fungal infection. In the present work, the influ- ences of AZI1 on lignin biosynthesis were investigated with overexpressing, T-DNA knockout and RNA interference lines. Western blotting coupled with immunolocalization exhibited that AZI1 and its paralog EARLI1 were expres- sed mainly in vascular tissues of inflorescence stems and leaves, but not in roots. Biochemical analyses and micro- scopic observation showed that knockdown and knockout of AZI1 led to decrease of the lignin content, reduction of the thickness of secondary wall, deformation of xylem cells and increase of the degradability by cellulase. In contrast to this, overexpression of AZI1 resulted in thicker cell wall and enhanced deposition of lignin in the lignified tissues. In comparison to wild-type plants and AZI1 overexpressing lines, the secondary wall of interfascicular fibers and xylem cells in AZI1 mutants showed yellowish-brown coloration after staining with Maule reagent, indicating the deposition of syringyl unit in lignin was reduced and the ratio of guaiacyl/syringyl monolignol units was increased when AZI1 was disrupted. RT-PCR analyses revealed that the transcription of CCR1 and CCOAOMT1, two genes associ- ated with lignin synthesis, were repressed in T-DNA knockout lines. It has been shown that AZI1 probably modulates production and/or translocation of a long-distance signal during systemic acquired resistance. Our results sug- gested that AZI1 might be involved in regulation of lignin biosynthesis by influencing the expression of cinnamoyl- CoA reductase and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase.


The physics and technology of noncrystalline materials is one of the rapidly developing areas of condensed matter physics, materials science, and nanotechnologies. Among the variety of materials with a non-crystalline structure, a special place is occupied by the class of chalcogenide glassy semiconductors (CGS) with unique properties and phenomena, such as the switching effect, photostructural transformations. The switching effect is observed in thin CGS films and is associated with a fast-reversible phase transition of the structure from the glassy state to the crystalline state under the action of voltage pulses or laser radiation. Based on this effect, a separate class of information carriers has been formed for non-volatile storage devices such as PCM (Phase Change Memory) with high performance and reliability. Materials for use in PCM devices are CGSs of complex compositions lying on the GeTe-Sb2Te3 quasi-binary boundary, and thin films of Ge2Sb2Te5 composition are the most promising for use in PCM devices. The ability to control the electronic properties of such functional materials based on CGS significantly expands the scope of their application and is an important scientific and practical task, since traditional methods for purposefully changing the electronic properties of crystalline semiconductors, such as doping during synthesis or the thermal diffusion method, turned out to be ineffective for CGS. Impurities introduced into CGS at low concentrations by the methods indicated above usually do not show electrical activity, since they are compensated by their charged structural defects, and an increase in the impurity concentration leads to significant crystallization. In this work, the atomic composition of Ge2Sb2Te5 nanosized films with a bismuth content of more than 12 at.%, obtained by ion-plasma deposition in the direct current mode, was studied by the method of energy dispersive analysis using a scanning electron microscope. In addition, the current–voltage characteristics of the samples were measured. It has been found that the transition voltage and the time, which characterize the switching and memory effects, depend significantly on the film thickness and composition. The addition of bismuth reduces the film switching time. A decrease in the film thickness leads to a decrease in the threshold voltage Uth and the switching time. We believe that the results of this work are useful for the development of optical memory based on phase change materials.


There is a certain mis conception on everyone's mind about mainframe: it's obsolete. However, this could not be further that the truth. Mainframe of today plays a central role in the daily operation of the world's largest companies including many of the Fortune 1000 companies. In fact even in Malaysia, the majority of banks and central government agencies use mainframes in their daily operations. As such, the mainframes are not obsolete – they are just hidden from the public eyes.


In topological semimetals (TSMs), the quasi-particle excitations of electrons can be described by the Dirac or Weyl equation, mimicking the elusive massless Dirac or Weyl fermions in the low-frequency regime as emergent phenomena. The realization of elementary excitations, with and even without counterparts in high-energy field theory, in solids is possible and fundamentally important. This perspective introduces the brief history of this rising field to celebrate the birth of a new member of the star family of TSMs. In 1928, P.A.M. Dirac proposed a 4× 4 matrix equation to describe relativistic free electrons at the quantum level. From its solution, one can derive the origin of charge and spin, and even predict the existence of antimatter. In the second year, H. Weyl reconsidered this Dirac equation by setting the mass term zero. He obtained two decoupled 2× 2matrix equations, describing a pair of new massless particles with opposite chiralities. They are now known as Weyl fermions. Thus, the massless Dirac fermion can be looked at as a superposition of a pair of Weyl fermions. The power of the Dirac equation is further demonstrated by E. Majorana, who found a set of real solutions representing yet another new type of fermions: theMajorana fermions. A Majorana fermion is neutral in charge and is its own antiparticle. However, until now, neither the Weyl fermion nor the Majorana fermion has been discovered as a fundamental particle in any high-energy physics experiment. On the other hand, in condensedmatter physics, which frequently borrows concepts from high-energy particle physics, recently there has been active searching for the 'cousins' of these fermions among the quasi-particle excitations in solids as emergent phenomena. In solids, electrons dressed by particle-hole excitations due to interactions among themselves and the periodical potential of a lattice are called quasi-particles. People have found that, in some compounds, themotion of quasiparticles can be described using themassless Dirac/Weyl equation. The first wellknown example is the Dirac cone-like energy dispersion in 2D graphene, where the electron energy depends linearly on its crystal momentum. A similar lowenergy excitation was also realized on the boundary and surface of topological insulators (TIs). In 3D space, S. Murakami noticed that both the massless Dirac and Weyl fermions could be found in the region of the topological phase transition between a TI and a normal insulator. Such ametallic state is a special 3Dmetal where the conduction and the valence bands cross at discrete nodal points in the Brillouin zone. The nodal points at the Fermi level are either four-fold degenerate (Dirac nodes) or double degenerate (Weyl nodes) and the corresponding 3D metal is called Dirac semimetal (DSM) or Weyl semimetal (WSM). For WSM at zero or small doping, the Fermi surface consists of several disconnected pieces of spheres and each encloses a singleWeyl node. In fact,Weyl nodes are the monopoles of Berry curvature inmomentum space, which was studied in 2003 in the context of the anomalous Hall effect. The Berry flux passing through each sphere is quantized to be the net charge of the Weyl node enclosed within it. This quantized flux can serve as the topological invariant, Fermi Chern number, for metallic states. In this way, the topological classification of matters has been extended from insulators tometals. According to different number and distribution of Weyl nodes in momentum space [1], the TSM family are classified and shown in Fig. 1. The Dirac semimetal (DSM) and WSM at the phase transition region are hard to realize for experimental measurements. Young et al. have proposed to find Dirac nodes at high-symmetrical momenta where the four-fold degeneracy is protected by crystalline symmetry. Inspired by the band-inversion mechanism in TIs, Wang et al. proposed that crystal symmetry could protect accidental degeneracy at the band-crossing point if the four (including the spin degree of freedom) inverted bands belong to different irreducible representations. This leads to success in predicting two DSM materials: Na3Bi and Cd3As2. They are the two eldest TSM family members, experimentally confirmed in 2014. As early as in 1937, Herring studied accidental two-fold degeneracy of bandcrossing in a 3D lattice and found it robust even without any symmetry protection within the Weyl equation. In 1969, the chiral anomaly of Weyl fermions was discussed and it was found that the Weyl fermions should come in pairs in any lattice realization. However, it was 40 years later in 2011 when Wan et al. proposed the first specific compounds Re2Ir2O7 (Re = rare earth element) to be WSMs. They further pointed out one unique property of Weyl fermions in a lattice, namely the Fermi arc on the surface, which does not exist for Weyl fermions in a vacuum. In the same year, Xu et al. proposed double Weyl fermions with topological charges of two in ferromagnetic HgCr2Se4. However, these two proposals have yet to be verified experimentally. The first discovered WSM materials are the TaA family compounds including TaAs, TaP, NbAs and NbP. All of them are nonmagnetic, noncentrosymmetric andWSMwithout any tuning.Theywere predicted in numerics and soon after discovered in experiments in 2015. The quasi-particle analogue of the Majorana fermion is the zero-energy


Manganese (Mn) is an essential element implicated in the etiologies of metal induced neurological disorders. Over‐exposure to Mn results in its accumulation in iron‐rich brain regions leading to symptoms analogous to Parkinson's disease. Mechanisms governing this response are largely undefined though it is hypothesized that Mn‐induced oxidative stress may play a role. In this study we examined weanling rats exposed to Mn (1 g/L d.i. water) for total glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase mRNA, and F2‐isoprostane (F2‐IsoP) production in the caudate putamen (CP) and hippocampus (HC). N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC; 200 mg/kg) or (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG; 5mg/kg) injections were administered to observe any protective effect against Mn‐induced oxidative stress. Mn accumulated significantly versus control in each region (p < 0.05) in Mn‐exposed groups. This did not correspond to alterations in total GSH or production of F2‐IsoPs. EGCG was also associated with significant Mn accumulation in the CP (p < 0.05). Significant up‐regulation of GPx gene expression (p < 0.05) observed in the HC correlated with increased Mn levels, and was augmented by EGCG. These data suggest a biological response in antioxidant gene expression to Mn exposure, even in the absence of identifiable oxidative stress. Additionally, antioxidant therapy may enhance this response.


IL-2 controls the survival of regulatory T cells (Tregs), but it is unclear whether IL-2 also directly affects Treg suppressive capacity in vivo. We have found that elimi-nating Bim-dependent apoptosis in IL-2– and CD25-deficient mice restored Treg numbers but failed to cure their lethal autoimmune disease, demonstrating that IL-2–dependent survival and suppressive activity can be uncoupled in Tregs. Treatment with IL-2–anti–IL-2– Ab complexes enhanced the numbers and suppressive capacity of IL-2–deprived Tregs with striking increases in CD25, CTLA-4, and CD39/CD73 expression. Al-though cytokine treatment induced these suppressive mechanisms in both IL-2 2 / 2 and IL-2 2 / 2 Bim 2 / 2 mice, it only reversed autoimmune disease in the latter. Our results suggest that successful IL-2 therapy of estab-lished autoimmune diseases will require a threshold quantity of Tregs present at the start of treatment and show that the suppressive capacity of Tregs critically depends on IL-2 even when Treg survival is independent of this cytokine. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 000–000.


The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of ophtalmosonography in diagnosis of secondary orbital tumors. Thirty-two patients with secondary orbital cancer were examined. Ultrasound examination revealed anomalous shaped tumors, tumor tissue low echogenicity, uneven echostructure due to the evidence of hyperechogenous sites of pathologic osteogenesis and hypoechogenous sites with cystic component and decomposition cavities. Ophtalmoscanning has the most informative value when primary tumor is located in maxillary sinuses and ethmoidal labyrinth cells because large lesions with involved medial and lateral orbital walls can be well visualized, whereas sonography fails to assess the tumor involvement extent when primary tumor is located in frontal sinuses. Due to high informative value and safety, ophtalmoscanning is recommended as one of the main diagnostic methods for orbital tumor detection.


According to computer network organization and architecture,this paper analyzes the connotation of network separation and proposes,an effective solution for network information system security banes on second layer physical separation.


The properties of crystalline quantum hard-sphere systems of bosons at low and high densities have been studied. At very high density, the hard-sphere system approaches close packing (CP) structure. Ground state energy per particle of a many-boson system of particles has been calculated for close -packing densities. For a hard-sphere diameter fixed at 2.48A, it is found that for a 4 He boson system, the low and high densities, are 4.33×10 22 particles/cm 3 and 6.15×10 22 particles/cm 3 , respectively. Calculations showed that particle densities have decreased with increase in hard-sphere diameters when the saturation density was fixed at 2.0×10 28 particles/cm 3 . Energy per particle has increased with hard-sphere diameter. However, energy per particle has decreased with particle density.


Fin-de-siècle occultism is usually analyzed within the context of the "occult revival" that implies the modernization of the older esoteric tradition. However, this notion is rooted in the defi ning esoteric discourses at the end of the nineteenth century. This article discusses two major aspects of these discourses. First, French esotericists polemically distanced themselves from the "Eastern" esotericism of the Theosophical Society by constructing an ésotérisme occidental. This separation of "East" and "West" occurred as a reaction to the T.S., and should thus be seen as a "nationalist" response to a global phenomenon. The second major aspect of occultist identity formations is socialism. Fin-de-siècle occultists were deeply interested in the socialist theories formulated during the July Monarchy but ambiguously distanced themselves from contemporary "materialist" socialisms.


Summary The erythropoietic effects of testosterone, oxymetholone, methenolone and metholone were compared in normal and fasted rats as well as mice on a protein free diet. The results of these androgenic-anabolic steroid studies are as follows: 1) methenolone and metholone produced a more marked erythropoietic response than testosterone when tested in normal female rats; 2) Fe59 incorporation in RBC of male fasted rats was higher with oxymetholone than with testosterone; and 3) testosterone was markedly less effective than oxymetholone, methenolone and metholone in increasing Fe59 incorporation in RBC of mice on a protein free diet. These results suggest that the erythropoietic activities of the above steroids are independent of their virilizing and anabolic effects, since testosterone is the most virilizing of the four agents and metholone, which induced the greatest erythropoietic effects, has the least anabolic action.


For many who have written on the scene at the Samaritan well, the woman's oblivion to her own need, so much greater than that of Jesus, is the pivot on which the irony turns. Paul D. Duke, for example, remarks, "Jesus greets the woman with a request for water (cf. Gen. 24:17), an irony in itself in view of who will eventually give water to whom".2 Gail R. O'Day elaborates: "She assumes that she is in conversation with a thirsty Jew; this Jew informs her that if she knew both the gift of God and the identity of the person with whom she was speaking, she would recognize that she herself was the thirsty one".3 Teresa Okure concurs:


Objective To detect the genetic characteristics of Chinese hypokalaemic periodic paralysis(HypoPP)patients and evaluate their skeletal muscle abnormalities with Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). Methods Forty Chinese HypoPP patients were identified including 33sporadic periodic paralysis(SPP)and 7 familial periodic paralysis(FPP)patients coming from different families.Thyroid function,renal function,and urinary test were routinely tested to exclude other causes for HPP.Ten healthy volunteers were also enrolled. Genetic analysis of whole S4segments in CACNA1Sand SCN4Awas performed in all the patients by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.Leg muscle of 16SPP patients,4FPP patients and 10healthy controls was examined by a 3.0-T MR system.The MRI examination was repeated in one SPP patient after regular oral potassium citrate treatment for 3years.The characteristics of the genotype and MR imaging were analyzed. Results Only one SPP patient harboured a mutation in CACNA1S(R1239H)and one FPP patient coming from a four-generation family with 9patients had the R900S mutation in CACNA1S.None of the other patients had mutation in the screened S4segments of CACNA1Sand SCN4Agenes.The MRI of all the examined patients revealed higher signal intensity to different degrees in T2-weighted images with fat suppression(T2W-FS),which was significantly more common than that of the volunteers.Soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle were most commonly involved.The signal alterations of MRI were partially improved after treatment in an SPP patient.Conclusions Most Chinese HypoPP patients do not have known mutations in CACNA1Sand SCN4A,but muscle damage do exists.The muscle abnormality is relatively selective and partially reversible.


The paper is based on the pot experiment with lettuce,on whose foliage selenium solution at the doses of 1,2,4,8 mg/kg is sprayed expectively.The results show that the content of organic selenium increases and there is a proportional correlation between the solution density and selenium content;the higher the solution density the lower the conversion ratio form inorganic selenium to organic selenium;the chlorophyll content is elevated,lettuce yield is raised;amino aid and Vc content increases and lettuce quality improves.


Many researchers have found that males and females perform differently on economics tests, with the females often achieving lower scores. This phenomenon has puzzled and troubled economic education specialists for well over a decade. In this article Siegfried summarizes many studies that have included student gender as a variable. This in itself would be a valuable contribution to the literature, but Siegfired goes further and deals with questions of the adequacy of research designs and other factors that must be taken into account. Thus, this piece should provide useful guidance to researchers who wish to include the gender variable in their designs.


—In recent decades, cardiovascular diseases have eclipsed all others as the main reason for death in both low and middle income countries. Early identification and continuous clinical monitoring can reduce the death rate associated with heart disorders. Neither service is yet accessible, as it requires more intellect, time, and skill to effectively detect cardiac disorders in all circumstances and to advise a patient for 24 hours. In this study, researchers suggested a Machine Learning-based approach to forecast the development of cardiac disease. For precise identification of cardiac disease, an efficient ML technique is required. The proposed method works on five classes, one normal and four diseases. In the research, all classes were assigned a primary task, and recommendations were made based on that. The proposed method optimises feature weighting and selects efficient features. Following feature optimization, adaptive boost learning using tree and KNN bases is used. In the trial, sensitivity improved by 3-4%, specificity by 4-5%, and accuracy by 3-4% compared to the previous approach.


Examination of the respiratory rate is included in the calculation of vital sign parameters used by the medical team to determine whether a person's condition is good or not. Researchers want to develop a method of checking the respiratory rate that is easy to use by the general public and can display fast and precise results. During this pandemic, we are forced to reduce direct human-to-human contact with the aim of suppressing the exchange of viruses. From this condition, the researcher wants to develop a measuring instrument to measure the respiratory frequency with the non-contact method. This method is expected to reduce direct contact between humans and still get the results of the respiratory rate value which can be used as a parameter to determine a person's condition. To get the value of the respiratory rate, researchers have an idea by monitoring changes in temperature using a thermal camera. For the respiratory rate parameter, the researcher observed the nose area by detecting changes in expiratory and inspiration temperatures and then calculating the respiratory rate. To get these results, the researcher uses a method of detecting the face area or called face recognition and then detecting the ROI point in the area of interest in the nose area. In observing the respiratory rate, the temperature value during expiration is 31.05 °C while at the time of inspiration is 30.01 °C. This temperature difference will be carried out in the process of calculating the respiration rate value by the system made by the researcher. In the results of this study, it was found that the respiration rate module can be used as a reference with a normal use range of 60-120 cm with an error value of 1% if the distance is above 100 cm, then the results of this study are that this research can be implemented on a breathing frequency measuring instrument with a non-standard method. - contact


Tissue culture in forestry is one of the main attractive subjects for research and development and hence the present study was initiated to induce the callus and shoot induction from leaf and node explants of Tectona grandis (L.). Of the selected different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin (KN) treatments, the maximum (7.5cm) shoot length was identified with the 3.0mg l concentration of BAP treatment. 1 It can be concluded from the present findings that, the addition of 3.0mg l of BAP can be used as a suitable 1 ingredient for the prominent growth of Tectona grandis (L.) tissue culturing.


Abstract : This system was designed to evaluate the response characteristics of photodetectors operating at wavelengths in the 1 micron and 8-12 micron range. A Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen source was used for visible and near-IR energy, and a dedicated IR element provided gray-body radiation with a peak at 1150 Kelvin. A monochromator was employed in conjunction with a six-position filter wheel to provide precise control of energy incident on the photodetectors. Variations in the efficiency of components were compensated for through normalization based on the energy incident on the photo detectors. An intuitive, computer-based interface was developed to automate data collection, and provided numeric and graphic representations of data as it is being collected. At completion, data is exported to a spreadsheet file. A commercial silicon detector was successfully characterized, and accurate voltage response and responsivity curves were generated. A pyroelectric detector was used to verify proper operation of gratings and filters at infrared wavelengths. The system is suitable for its intended purpose, and will be capable of characterizing detectors designed to operate in the 3-5 micron range with the installation of appropriate filters and gratings.


Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is being built in Dubna, Russian Federation [1]. Usage of the accelerator superconducting QWR cavities for the proposed injector part of the accelerator upgrade is considered. These cavities along with auxiliary RF systems are under development by collaboration of Russian and Belorussian research institutions. In this paper the results on power coupler R&D for the 162 MHz QWR are presented and discussed. According to technical requirements power coupler should be able to transmit 20 kW of RF power. Additionally, external Q-factor tuning in small range should be possible.


In this paper, we use the inverse mean curvature flow to establish an optimal Minkowski type inquality, weighted Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality for the mean convex star shaped hypersurfaces in Reissner-Nordstr\"om-anti-deSitter manifold and Penrose type inequality for asymptotically locally hyperbolic manifolds in which can be realized as graphs over Reissner-Nordstr\"om-anti-deSitter manifold.


By means of ns laser flash photolysis, the absorption spectra and molar absorption coefficients (Iµ) of the 1,4-naphthosemiquinone radical (NQH˙) and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthosemiquinone radical (DMNQH˙) have been determined to be 8200 dm3 mol–1 cm–1 at 365 nm and 7100 dm3 mol–1 cm–1 at 368 nm in acetonitrile (MeCN) and MeCN–H2O (4 : 1 v/v) at 295 K. On the basis of the determined absorption spectra and Iµ values, hydrogen atom abstraction (HA) by triplet 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) from phenol (PhOH) in MeCN was studied by laser photolysis techniques. It was found that HA by triplet NQ and DMNQ (3NQ* and 3DMNQ*) from PhOH occurred in a collision process with quenching rate constants, kq= 8.6 × 109 and 5.5 × 108 dm3 mol–1 s–1, respectively. On the basis of the obtained values of kq and quantum yields (ΦHA), the efficiencies (ψHA) for HA by both 3NQ* and 3DMNQ* from PhOH were obtained to be unity. The rate constants (kHA) for HA of 3NQ* and 3DMNA* were determined to be 8.6 × 109 and 5.5 × 108 dm3 mol–1 s–1, respectively. The difference in kHA may be derived from (1) the steric hindrance by the methyl groups of DMNQ and (2) the degree of 3(π,π*) character mixed in with the 3(n,π*) of NA and DMNQ. The triplet–triplet absorption spectra of NQ and DMNQ were identified, and their absolute molar absorption coefficients (IµT–Tλ) were determined to be 8200 dm3 mol–1 cm–1 at 365 nm and 5200 dm3 mol–1 cm–1 at 368 nm, respectively, in MeCN on the basis of the quantum yields of intersystem crossing (Φisc; 0.74 for NQ, 0.98 for DMNQ) evaluated by thermal lensing techniques. The deactivation mechanism of 3NQ* and 3DMNQ* in the absence of PhOH was found to be self-quenching by NQ and DMNQ in MeCN with the rate constants, kSQ= 9.7 × 108 and 1.2 × 108 dm3 mol–1 s–1, respectively.


Abstract New quinazolinone and fused quinazoline derivatives are prepared from the reaction of 3,1-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one with different amines. Treatment of 3,1-benzoxazinone 3 with hydrazine hydrate afforded 3-amino-quinazolinone derivative 5 which then used as a key synthesis for different Schiff base compounds 6-8. Synthesis of new fused quinazoline derivatives 9, 10 are achieved from the reaction of 3,1-benzoxazinone with cyanoacetohydrazide or thiocarbohydrazide. The chemical structures of the new synthesized compounds were elucidated based on their spectroscopic analysis. Antimicrobial activities of the designated compounds were studied in vitro toward different pathogenic microbes. Drug-likeness and ADMET properties of the new synthesized compounds were calculated to predict the pre-study of clinical phases as drug molecule, and most of the new compounds fit Lipinski rule and have good bioavailability. Molecular docking studies of all new synthesized compounds were performed into the active site of different macromolecules including bacterial and fungus species and exhibiting good binding energy extended from −5.20 to −10.35 Kcal/mol.


Investigation has been performed on natural fractures within carbonate formation in a block in Shunbei Oilfield. Classification has been done over natural fractures in the block. Patterns of distribution of natural fractures within the carbonate reservoir formation have been identified. Principal results include: 1) seismic data and sedimentation information along with history of tectonic movement have been used to analyze natural fractures. 2) It is found that natural fractures withinT74-T76 carbonate reservoir formation are generated by tectonic movement of middle Caledonian I and II periods, and are mainly through fractures/faults with strike-slip characteristics. 3) 3D finite element model was built for this block with seismic data. Numerical calculations of 3D Continuum Damage Mechanics were performed. Results of numerical forward modeling has given out the 3D distribution of natural fractures which are represented by the localization band of damage variables under loading of tectonic movement of middle Caledonian period.


Fractures often influence production behaviour in hydrocarbon reservoirs, yet the pressure transients observed in the wells may not show the conventional well-test signatures. In this case, the effect of fractures on production would be misinterperted or even completely missed. Fracture networks are commonly multi-scale and properties including aperture (or conductivity), length, connectivity and distribution vary greatly within a reservoir. The heterogeneous nature of fractured reservoirs make them very difficult to characterise and develop. In addition, the location of a producer within the fracture network also control flow rates and affect the pressure response; however, conventional well-test analysis assumes that the producer is located in symmetrical fracture networks. To improve our understanding of fracture flow behaviour from well-test data, and in order to better characterise the impact of fractures on reservoir performance, we investigate the effect of variations in fracture conductivity and location of the producer in the fracture network on the pressure transient responses.
 Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR) with well-connected fracture networks are traditionally simulated using the Dual-Porosity (DP) model. However, several studies have shown that the classic DP response (V-shape) corresponding to the DP model is an exceptional behaviour applicable only to certain reservoir geology and does not apply to all NFR. To overcome the limitations of the characteristic flow behaviour inherent to this model, we employ Discrete Fracture Matrix (DFM) modelling technique and an unstructured-grid reservoir simulator to generate synthetic pressure transients in all fracture networks that we analysed. Our rigorous and systematic geoengineering workflow enables us to correlate the pressure transients to the known geological features of the simulated reservoir model.
 We observed that depending on the location of the producer in the fracture network and the properties of the fractures that the producer intercepts, the synthetic pressure transients vary significantly. We therefore use these insights to quantify the impact of variation in fracture conductivity and producer location on fracture flow behaviour and systematically present interpretations to these behaviours. Our findings enable us to interpret some unconventional features of intersecting fractures with variable conductivity. We observed that the behaviour of two intersecting fractures where the well asymmetrically intercepts a finite-conductivity fracture can be similar to that of a well intercepting a fracture in a connected fracture network with uniform fracture conductivity. Furthermore, a well intercepting a finite-conductivity fracture in NFR with both finite- and infinite-conductivity fractures would yield a dual-porosity response that may otherwise be absent if the fracture network is assumed to have uniform conductivity.


toD: in fact, as in the case of children, the lowered .Vi.ty of age remove many of the libilities to diseas. One special object, however, which I have in narrating cases to-nigt is to elicit the experience and opinions of getlemen prent on the propriety or otherwise of opening the hernial sac. The question is by no means setled at present, so far as I know, among London practitlcers; and the difference in results is not so great as to deide the question. Out of 160 operations, this and last year, in London, in which the sac was not opened, there occurred 38 deathserly I in 4; whilst in 101 cases in which the sac was epened, there were 26 deaths-barely over the same propwtion. Mr. Luke, however (as I have before said), lost only 2 out of 40 cases in which the sac was unopened. I shall be glad to know, also, whether it has often been found that hernie which have resisted the taxis have receded after the use of the warm bath. When a student, I observed that, in many fatal cases in old people, death resulted from bronchitis or pneumonia; and for this reason, Mr. Simon, of St. Thomas' Hospital, as a rule, prohibited the use of the warm bath. He believed that a hernia which resists a fair use of the taxis is seldom, if ever, reduced by the bath. For the same reason bleeding was rarely employed. Dr. Druitt remarks that " a delicate person will not be very likely to bear the shock of an operation if bled or boiled to death's door first of all."


Introduced the basic principle of photovoltaic, and describes the development significance that photovoltaic brings to each field such as technology, industry, domestic and foreign. The development of PV technology at home and abroad are mainly demonstrated. Due to the radomness and discontinuity of the output of photovoltaic generation, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has always been the hot topic. At last, point out that futher study the new algorithm and combine the traditional algorithm with the intelligent algorithm, will be the most important tendency in future.


Commentary: In late 2019, a respiratory illness caused by the Corona virus was identified as the cause of several cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus (COVID-19), declared by the World Health Organization (WHO), is responsible for hundreds of thousands of medical records worldwide [1] . This disease has put a lot of costs on the health care system of countries around the world. Although scientists are increasingly monitoring the disease, a look at the diary statistics of the disease in Iran also shows that despite the measures taken, the disease has not yet been managed and controlled, and the statistics are increasing, if What successes have been achieved in the discussion of treatment and prevention of this disease. In the early stages of the disease, most countries used quarantine [2] and this quarantine was also implemented in Iran. The aim of this study was to look at the effects of the first stage of home quarantine for a week during the Covid 19 pandemic in Tehran. people a A in this study. Table shows the demographic and psychosocial characteristics of quarantine. The study questionnaire was distributed using an electronic link This questionnaire was distributed through social media for one week in Tehran province from 2020 April 8. The questionnaire included a form related to demographic characteristics and a form related to psychological indicators related to quarantine and coronation.