Biosynthetic studies on esperamicin A 1 (esp A 1 ) were carried out by examining the incorporation of singly and doubly 13 C-labeled acetates, L-[methyl- 13 C]methionine and Na 2 34 SO 4 , by cultures of Actinomadura verrucosospora MU-5019. The acetate incorporation results show that the C 15 bicyclic enediyne core of esp A 1 is derived from head-to-tail condensation of seven acetate units and the uncoupled carbon attached to the trisulfilde unit is derived from the C2 of acetate


It is implicitly purposed finances are very important in the educational programmes, Nevertheless, we have to specify that besides the simple transference or supply of the necessary funds, there are lots of other aspects-financial and closely related to finance-which help an educational programme to succeed. Among these considerable aspects, we can mention: the period of financing. its flexibility; the control and speed of disbursement; the need of periodical evaluations and structural adjustment, when they are recquired by the circumstances, and the complexity of programming actions and events to execute, including foresseing an opportune time to finance. Finally, we make more considerations about what the diversity of financial sources means: considerations, effects in the short and long term and the function that own reserves have in the stability and quality of the educational programmes and projects.


Significance Aggressive tumors often die from the inside out, a process called necrotic cell death. Necrosis is associated with dissemination of cancer cells but how necrosis promotes tumor dissemination is not understood. Here, we used rats as a model organism to increase detection of dissemination events. This uncovered a sharp rise in circulating tumor cell (CTC) abundance associated with necrosis and changes in the blood vessels. Gene expression analysis revealed a tumor-derived gene program involved in shaping the tumor core ecosystem. We demonstrate that necrosis, vascular remodeling, and metastatic dissemination are dependent on a tumor-secreted factor, angiopoietin-like 7 (Angptl7). Understanding the molecular factors regulating metastatic dissemination from the necrotic core could unveil therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent metastatic cancers.


Chordoma was originally described by Virchow in 1857 and further characterized by Ribbert in 1894. It is a rare low to intermediate grade malignant notochordal tumor that recapitulates the notochord and has a tendency for recurrences and metastasis.1,2 They represent 1–4% of all malignant bone tumors. Most prevailing theory regarding the development of chordoma is that the notochord fails to degenerate and undergoes malignant transformation. Approximately 50% of chordomas are sacrococcygeal in origin and usually present as destructive bone lesions with a large soft tissue mass.3–5


Field tests and linear finite element analysis of the pipe-soil interaction were carried out on reinforced concrete (RC) circular culvert to determine the soil pressures around the pipe under backfill and vehicle. The formulas for the soil pressures under earth and vehicle loading were presented in the equivalent area method of soil pressure, and the predicted values from the formulas were in good agreement with the test values. With the increase of backfill height hs above the pipe culvert, the vertical soil pressure coefficients Ks could be 1.5 at hs 1 m and 1.35 at hs 10 m, the lateral soil pressure coefficients λ can be 0.1 at hs 1 m and 0.25 at hs 3 m, and the linear interpolation can be used to determine Ks at hs = 1-10 m and λ at hs = 1-3 m. The additional vertical soil pressure resulting from the vehicle can be determined in the wheel pressure spread method with a spread inclination of 23°.


Abstract Reaction of lanthanum picrate with N, N, N′, N′-tetraphenyl-3, 6, 9-trioxaundecanediamide (TTD) yields [La (Pic)3 (TTD)], which has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectra and molar conductivity measurements. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pcab with a = 24.006(8), b = 29.140(9), c = 32.084(9) A and D c = 1.60g cm−3 for Z = 16. Refinement of 5676 reflections (l < 2.0[sgrave](l)) out of 12569 unique observed reflections (2°≤2θ<42°) gave R and Rw values of 0.079 and 0.068, respectively.


Welding rod of thermoplastic material for welding patterned in themselves thermoplastic floor coverings, particularly floor coverings, along a not or hardly distinguishable from the pads weld, wherein the welding rod a first type of thermoplastic particles of a first color and at least a second type of thermoplastic particles having at least one second color having a the patterned coating corresponding pattern, and wherein the particles additionally and optionally contain a plasticizer auxiliaries, characterized in that the material of the thermoplastic particles comprising 35 to 60 parts of plasticizer per 100 parts of thermoplastic material and that the sealing bar has a semicircular cross-section.


Abstract. The CLICdp is an international collaboration that investigates the physics poThe CLICdp is an international collaboration that investigates the physics potential of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and performs research and development of the CLIC detector. CLIC is a future multi-TeV linear electron-positron collider, designed to cover a physics program of the Standard model physics, with the emphasis on Higgs and top as well as to address the wide range of open questions of the phenomena beyond the Standard model with high precision. The CLIC is designed to be build and operated at three discrete energy stages, p s = 380 GeV, 1.5 and 3.0 TeV, which are optimized for the foreseen physics program. In this talk the CLIC accelerator, detector and experimental environment of CLIC will be presented, as well as, the number of the full-simulation measurements in the Higgs, top and beyond Standard model sector, presenting the capabilities of CLIC for high precision measurements. Talk presented at The New trends in High Energy Physics, Budva, Montenegro, 02.10. October, 2016.


Conditions are investigated for forming a Coulomb lattice of dust grains which are charged positively by the ultraviolet induced photoemission of electrons. >


Income before tax and net income are the final financial results of a firm.The evaluation of a firm's performance is mainly based on income before tax and net income that the firm has gained within a specific period of time.At present,income before tax or net income in income statement of Chinese enterprises consists of three parts:operating income,investment income and non operating income.They are the components of income before tax and net income,but they are different in essence.The concept of operating income and operating net income should be used to evaluate the firm's performance,especially that attained through great efforts of operators themselves.Therefore operating income and capital gain should separated when the firm discloses its financial results.And operating income statement and non operating income statement should be added on condition that present income statement is preserved.


The paper makes an instigation and research on the situation of undergraduate students who in every grade of Fuzhou universities(except the students whose major is physical)take part in extracurricular sports by using methods of questionnaire,interview and the literature,and explores the existent problems,then puts forward some pertinent suggestions and reference for the physical work of Fuzhou universities.


A classification between three vineyards belonging to the Appellation of Origin Rueda (Castilla y Leon, Spain) has been established in veraison to determine the productive capacities of each vineyard and to study their impact on the grape quality. Several open-access multispectral images obtained from the SENTINEL-2A satellite in the year 2016 were used to calculate the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), which provides information about the vigour of the vineyards. Eleven cloud-free images were assessed and based on the NDVI, three vigour levels were established: high vigour (0.356-0.458), medium vigour (0.285-0.355) and low vigour (0.166-0.284). A level of vigour was assigned to each vineyard according to the NDVI mean values of its pixels. Significant differences were found in the pruning wood weight and yield: high, medium and low vigour values were 2438, 1895 and 1487 kg·ha-1 and 15984, 12990 and 10576 kg·ha-1, respectively. The highest values of total acidity (6.04 g·L-1) and tartaric acid (9.05 g·L-1) have been obtained in low vigour, as well as the lowest values of pH (3.26), malic acid (0.42 g·L-1) and potassium (1640 ppm). Finally, one wine per vigour was produced and a tasting was carried out to check if the differences between the vineyards were perceptible. According to the obtained results, the NDVI is a good indicator to classify vineyards, finding notable differences between the experimental treatments studied.


The article presents the summarized results of long-time research, the implementation of which will improve the efficiency of meadow fodder production. On the basis of a new methodological approach the scientific substantiation of production and environment-forming role of grazing and mowing agrophytocenosis today was given. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of human-induced costs by the use of biological function factor was shown: longevity perennial grasses, energy-saving techniques to increase soil fertility through the sod process, mobilization of nitrogen fixation by symbiotic, physiological energies grazed animals and other reserves. Recommended energy- and resource-grazing and haying technology with many years (over 60 years) duration of use provides production of 6.6-6.9 thousand feed units/ha at reducing anthropogenic nonrenewable costs and capital investments reseeding up to 10 times or more. On the basis of experimental data it was established stable productivity of pasture grasses that are formed on perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot and meadow grass (69 and 62 kg/ha) at productivity (in eated feed) 5.4 thousand feed units/ha, cost - 405 rubles / 100 food units. The results of long-time (23 years) research on intensity (3 mowings per season) using of cereal grass stands is presented. Recommended technology provides high (up to 6.8 thousand food nitsu) productivity and production of high quality herbal raw materials containing 0.80 feed units per 1 kg of dry matter. The concrete indicators for environment-forming role of meadow agroecosystems with long-time use of phytocenoses (60 years) on formation of underground mass and change in soil fertility. Structure of the evaluation methodology of estimation of gross energy production with meadow agrosistemy and presents experimental data defining the leading role of factors ensuring high return on man-made energy were presented.


Objective The authors present the use of synthetic factor VIIa to treat bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass and surgical repair of an atrial septal defect in an infant with trisomy 10 and pulmonary hypertension. Design Case report. Setting University-affiliated pediatric intensive care unit. Patients A 4-mo-old, 3.7-kg infant. Main Results After a single dose of synthetic factor VIIa, there was normalization of the prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time and cessation of bleeding. Conclusion The potential benefits of synthetic factor VIIa when compared with conventional therapy with fresh frozen plasma are discussed. Previous experience with synthetic factor VIIa in pediatric-aged patients and the cardiothoracic surgical population is presented.


This paper presents the analysis of a real-time experimental and simulation results from a series of tests performed on a newly constructed three phase flexible invertercapable of operating in two modes; DC-AC inverter or DC-DC converter. A control algorithm is used to select one of the pre-programmed mode, where one of which may be applied for variable speed control of a three phase brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The inverter generates three pairs of unequal but fixed duty cycle pulse width modulation (PWM) pulses at a constant frequency which may be varied. The inverter as a single variable DC power supply and a single variable AC supply has also been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software to investigate the effect of motor and control parameter variation such as Motor load inductance, duty cycle of the reference input and the triangular wave carrier frequency respectively. Keyword: BLDC motor, Flexible inverter, H-Bridge, PWM, Speed Control,


Cairo regional metro line: an overview of the project; Calcutta metro; the impact of the decisions' game on a project.


Rozvoj hlasu pro pedagogickou komunikaci - mezi reflexí a prožitkem Voice Development for Educational Communication - between Reflection and Experience In this article, we focus on the need to improve the quality of the way in which teachers express themselves professionally and we discuss one of the methods of voice development in educational communication - voice education as a psychosomatic discipline. At the theoretical level it is discussed primarily by means of an important stage in voice training - voice change - referred to as a specific component of a person's Self-experience. Furthermore, we focus on the structure of reflection at different levels of psychological distance (Bullough) and in analogy to Zuska's conceptualization of esthetic experience we differentiate between the levels of the reflecting Self and the reflected Self. To illustrate the theoretical description of the general principles associated with voice education which can be utilized in other human expression disciplines, we include excerpts from written reflections and transcribed conversations of students who completed the Voice and Speech Education as a Psychosomatic Discipline course at the Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice.


Based on the global environmental pollution problems, the main focus of every nano-research is to produce the nanomaterial in a green and eco-friendly way without any interference of chemical synthesis. By the way, the present study was intended to use an aqueous extract of the living fossil plant viz., Ginkgo biloba L., to synthesize the gold nanoparticles and evaluate their antibiotic activity against bacterial pathogens. The gold nanoparticles (AuNps) were successfully synthesized by mixing the Ginkgo biloba aqueous extract and the auric chloride solution for approximately 24 hours. The UV-Vis spectra of Gold nanoparticles (AuNps) showed the maximum absorption peak at 520nm. The SEM analysis also showed the gold nanoparticles synthesized from Ginkgo biloba were spherical with particle size ranging from 40 to 60nm. During our study, the gold nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens, i.e., E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. The later bacterium was found to be more susceptible to the nanoparticles as well as the extracts of G. biloba in comparison to the former bacterium.


Semiconductor microring resonators are excellent fundamental building blocks for fabrication of Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits (OEICs), due to their large third-order nonlinearities enhanced by the resonance effect, compactness which can lead to ultrahigh device integration densities and monolithic integration capability. In this work the key role of the fundamental design parameters will be highlighted in order to evaluate microring resonators for novel photonic function applications. These applications include but not limited to wavelength conversion, all-optical regeneration, all-optical logic, and information transmission and the dependence of each device's performance on the above parameters will be analyzed emphasizing on the induced fabrication limitations. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Purpose: the repetitive use of antenatal corticosteroid therapy for acceleration of fetal lung maturation has been common in cases at risk of preterm delivery. We studied the corticosterone levels at term and the morphologic aspects in the maternal and fetal adrenal glands submitted to the effect of betamethasone in the second half of rat pregnancy in order to verify its consequences. Methods: thirty female pregnant rats were divided into three groups of ten animals each. Group I received betamethasone on the 11th, 12th, 18th and 19th day of pregnancy. Group II received distilled water on the same days (control group). Group III did not receive any drug (stress control group). All rats were sacrificed on the 20th day of pregnancy when plasma corticosterone levels of dams were assessed and the maternal and fetal adrenal glands were studied by light microscopy. Results: plasma corticosterone level of dams was lower in the group treated with betamethasone (4.8 mg/dL) when compared with the control groups (17.7 and 26.8 mg/dL). The light microscopy study revealed cytoplasmatic vacuolation in the fasciculate zone in the maternal and fetal adrenal glands, which indicates adrenal suppression. Conclusions: the antenatal repetitive and prolonged use of corticosteroids in pregnant rats for acceleration of lung fetal maturation causes maternal and fetal adrenal suppression.


Behind some of the last few years' most trumpeted offshore developments - including Front Runner in the US Gulf, Buzzard in the UK North Sea and Baobab off Cote d'lvoire - multidiscipline engineering and construction management outfit Pegasus International has been quietly widening its circle of influence. Darius Snieckus caught up with three of the firm's globetrotting executives in a rare moment together in London.


Welcome to the 10th IEEE International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Scientific and Engineering Computing (PDSEC-09), held on 29 May 2009 in Rome, Italy, in conjunction with the 23rd IEEE Int. Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2009).


This paper considers the one-dimensional cutting stock problem with divisible items, which is a new problem in the cutting stock literature. The problem exists in steel industries. In the new problem, each item can be divided into smaller pieces, then they can be recombined again by welding. The objective is to minimize both the trim loss and the number of the welds. We present a mathematical model and a dynamic programming based heuristic for the problem. Furthermore, a software, which is based on the proposed heuristic algorithm, is developed to use in MKA company, and its performance is analyzed by solving real-life problems in the steel industry. The computational experiments show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.


The use of Online Social Networking (OSN) for teaching and learning is a phenomenon observed in many countries today. However, how academics use and appropriate social technologies in higher education is still not well understood. In particular, the systematic appropriation processes of the social technologies have not been discussed much in the literature. This paper offers an empirical study concerning the way lecturers appropriate social technologies based on interviews with fourteen lecturers in seven Australian universities. The findings discovered two appropriation approaches, namely systematic-procedural and non-systematic-ad hoc process. There are also two key reasons for using social technologies: as content for the course, and as the core teaching and learning tool. Further, for student learning, the social technologies are used either as a medium for coursework or for supporting informal communication. This research provides new insights into a methodological and systematic appropriation of social technologies from which higher education may benefit.


18 Figure 1 Tractography of a SIT and SS heart. Abstracts A16 Heart 2017;103(Suppl 1):A1–A25 on S etem er 7, 2023 by gest. P rocted by coright. httpeart.bm jcom / H ert: frst pulished as 10.1136/hl-2017-311399.19 on 3 A ril 217. D ow nladed fom mapping (modified look-locker) to estimate extracellular volume (ECV), T2 mapping (to quantify oedema) and strain analysis. A panel of circulating biomarkers (including inflammatory, ischaemic and fibrosis markers) was evaluated by multiplex ELISA. Longitudinal histological analysis was performed in the rats and correlated with imaging and biomarker findings. Results Left ventricular function (LVEF) declined steadily during treatment in rats and humans. Persistent LV dysfunction was seen in 23% of patients 12 months after therapy. Peak Troponin I levels correlated with fall in (LVEF) and circulating levels translated well between rat and humans. However, levels did not peak until the final cycle of chemotherapy when significant LV decline had already occurred. There was no significant change in the other circulating biomarkers. ECV did not change significantly during treatment but lower baseline ECV correlated with a greater fall in LVEF. Microscopic changes were seen in the rat myocardium after 6 doses of doxorubicin but electron-microscopy revealed mitochondrial damage after just one dose. Conclusions This translational approach enabled forward and back translation leading to the development of a clinically relevant pre-clinical cardiotoxicity model. Troponin I was the most informative circulating biomarker but peaked at the end of therapy too late to modify treatment and prevent LV decline. The model has the potential to be used to identify earlier biomarkers and evaluate cardioprotective strategies. The imaging findings showed that fibrosis cannot be detected on CMR within one year of chemotherapy but generated a new hypothesis that patients with 'healthier hearts' may be a greatest risk of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. 020 COMPREHENSIVE CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ASSESSMENT OF ANDERSON-FABRY CARDIOMYOPATHYNATURAL HISTORY AND ASSESSMENT OF TREATMENT EFFECT Anna Reid, Chris Miller, Ana Jovanovic, Peter Woolfson, Nik Abidin, David Clark, Wendy Gamlin, Glyn Coutts, Matthias Schmitt. 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311399.20 Background The Anderson Fabry Cardiomyopathy (AFC) is heterogeneous, complex, and its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. There is uncertainty regarding the optimal timing and impact of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in cardiac involvement, with a pressing need for biomarkers able to identify early disease, monitor and guide treatment. Objectives The aims of this study were two-fold: 1) to perform comprehensive cardiac phenotyping in a large cohort of Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD), and 2) characterise their shortterm natural history and assess the impact of ERT using multiparametric Cardiac Magnetic resonance imaging (MPCMRi), echocardiography and ECG analysis. Methods 113 prospectively enrolled, genetically-confirmed, AFD patients were compared to 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (HVs). 37 of these patients re-attended for a one-year follow-up scan, and were sub-grouped according to treatment status (newly started on ERT, ERT naïve, and established on ERT). Results The AFC is characterised by increased LV mass of several different hypertrophic patterns, impaired LV global longitudinal strain and left atrial function, low myocardial native T1, high T2, and increased extracellular volume fraction. Significantly higher T1s were seen in the inferolateral wall, even before the development of increased wall thickness or LV mass, or LGE. A newly proposed marker of disease severity, the 'T1 ratio', reflects the relationship between inferolateral and remote myocardial T1, and strongly correlated with LV mass, percentage LGE and ECV fraction, whilst avoiding potential uncertainty caused by pseudo-normalisation of T1s in severe AFD. ERT initiation reduced LVM. T1 values (excluding the inferolateral wall) fell significantly in untreated patients (974 ±36 ms v 955±44 ms, p=0.04) associated with a significant increase in voxel based spread (288 v 350, p=0.02), whereas both treatment groups showed no change in T1 values. The T1 ratio showed a trend towards improvement (0.94±0.08 v 0.98±0.1, p=0.05) in the established ERT group. Electrocardiography and echocardiography did not detect disease progression or treatment effects in any group. Conclusions AFC is a complex pathology with intracellular and extracelluar disease components. MPCMRi elucidates these disease processes and allows early disease detection, and possibly disease and treatment monitoring. 021 PERFUSION CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (CMR) – CAN DAVID (RESOLUTION) TAKE ON GOLIATH (COVERAGE) AGAIN? Joy S Shome, Kerem C Tezcan, Sohaib Nazir, Markus Henningsson, Adriana Villa, Imran Rashid, David Snell, Antonis Pavlidis, Brian Clapp, Simon Redwood, Kamran Baig, Reza Razavi, Tevfik F Ismail, Amedeo Chiribiri, Divaka Perera, Sebastian Kozerke, Sven Plein. Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Cardiology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds,


This paper describes the implementation of a C++ program to calculate the value of a european style call option and a discretely sampled Double barrier option on an underlying asset, given input parameters for stock price (s=100), strike price (k=110),volatility (v=30%), interest rate (r=5%), maturity (T=1 year), U = 120 knock in, and L = 90 knock out usingBrownian bridge with terminal stratification, Quasi Monte Carlo simulation with low discrepancy Sobol sequences and Monte Carlo with antithetic sampling. We compare the results of all these methods. The underlying stock price is assumed to follow geometric brownian motion. The program calculates the option prices using the Monte Carlo/Quasi MC method with 10,000 simulations, 1000 strata for stratified sampling and uses the solution to the Stochastic differential equation of the stock process [2].


In order to clarify the existence and amount of a required propulsion power reduction possible with the efficient use of the Ballast-Free Ship concept on a Seaway-size bulk carrier, additional experimental and computational hydrodynamics studies were undertaken during the past year. Experimental studies performed in the University of Michigan Marine Hydrodynamics Laboratory (MHL) are described. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigations performed using Star-CCM+ at both model and full scale are also presented.


Transmembrane β-barrel proteins are folded into the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria by the β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) via an unexplained process that occurs without known external energy sources. Here we used single-particle cryo-EM to visualize the folding dynamics of a model β-barrel protein (EspP) by BAM. We found that BAM binds the highly conserved "β-signal" motif of EspP to correctly orient β-strands in the OM during folding. We also found that the folding of EspP proceeds via remarkable "hybrid-barrel" intermediates in which membrane integrated β-sheets are attached to the essential BAM subunit, BamA. The structures show an unprecedented deflection of the membrane surrounding the EspP intermediates and suggest that β-sheets progressively fold towards BamA to form a β-barrel. Along with in vivo experiments that tracked β-barrel folding while the OM tension was modified, our results support a model in which BAM harnesses OM elasticity to accelerate β-barrel folding.


Saponins are conventionally (long before the full characterization of any single saponin structure) and literally (from the Latin word sapo) defined as any of various plant glycosides that form soapy lathers when mixed and agitated with water. These plant components are virtually all hemolytic, toxic to fish, have a bitter taste, and are used routinely as detergents, foaming agents, and emulsifiers. The surfactant properties of saponins are exploited in biological research to permeabilize plasma and intracellular membranes to release cytosolic and membranebound proteins and to enhance the entry of proteins and other macromolecules across cell membranes. Although most of the commercially available saponins in use are heterogeneous plant-derived preparations, and are even structurally disparate (for example, the saponins from Gypsophila and Quillaja plants are triterpene glycosides, whereas digitonins are steroid glycosides), it is believed that they all form complexes with cholesterol, which constitutes up to one molecule for every phospholipid present in the plasma membrane. Formation of such complexes is a key event toward membrane permeabilization. The unambiguous modern definition of saponins is based on their structural character ; saponins are glycosides of steroids and triterpenes. Thousands of saponins have been characterized from not only terrestrial plants but marine species as well, displaying tremendous structural diversity and a wide spectrum of biological activities. However, all these structures and activities have been arbitrarily correlated to surfactant properties, regardless of the fact that many homogeneous saponins are neither foaming nor hemolytic ; thus, the detailed structure–activity relationship (SAR) and mechanism of action are largely ignored. The digitonin-like saponins constitute the largest class of the steroidal saponins, named spirostan saponins, which have conservative spirostan aglycones and sugar substitutions primarily at the 3-OH group of the spirostan structure. It was recently found that a quite common feature of spirostan saponins is the inhibitory activity against the growth of tumor cell lines which is sensitive to the structure of the sugar residues. Dioscin, diosgenin-3-yl-a-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1!2)-[a-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1!4)]-b-d-glucopyranoside (chacotrioside), shown in Figure 1, represents one of the most common spirostan saponins, which has been isolated from some 20 genera, including


Article is dedicated to analysis of reasons that led to IraqiKuwaiti armed conflict and political assessment of it. The main emphasis is made on aggressive character of the war, analysis of Iraqi aggression consequences for Kuwaiti people, economic, welfare and ecological situation. Also are researched laws that governed armed conflict.


Review(s) of: Aboriginal Plant Collectors: Botanists and Australian Aboriginal People in the Nineteenth Century, by Philip A Clarke, 191 pp, Rosenberg Publishing, Dural Delivery Centre, 2008, $39.95. Includes references.


Abstract : Signal error in recordings of complex shocks has been traced to piezoelectric accelerometers. High impact shocks applied along the longitudinal axis and high frequency shocks applied along the transverse axis of the accelerometers are the principal sources of error. Described are the types of signal error which occur, the shocks which produce them, the effect of error on data analysis, and the effect of complex shock on undamped single-degree-of-freedom systems. (Author)


The magnetic interlayer coupling between two magnetic layers separated by an insulator was investigated on Co0.2Fe2.8O4/Fe3O4/MgO/Fe3O4 samples grown by means of molecular beam epitaxy on (001) MgAl2O4 substrates. The samples were designed to observe interlayer coupling of either sign. Hysteresis loop measurements show that the Fe3O4 layers are ferromagnetically coupled in the thickness range 0–45 nm MgO. Below a MgO spacer thickness of 1.3 nm, the coupling strength increases drastically with decreasing MgO thickness and is ascribed to the existence of ferromagnetic bridges through the MgO spacer. The small ferromagnetic coupling above 1.3 nm seems to arise from a magnetostatic coupling due to correlated interface irregularities.


The present invention relates to a method of using a glass having a composition suitable for weight reduction, a suitable glass substrate for LTPS · TFT having a heat shrinkage degree capable of suppressing pitch shift of pixels can be produced without impairing the productivity I will provide a. The present invention disclosed is a method of manufacturing a glass substrate for flat panel displays. This method, (1) a glass substrate to be manufactured, a melting step of melting the total amount of SrO and BaO is less than 8 wt%, and 675 ° C. to prepare a raw material so as to have the above strain point, A shaping step of shaping the glass ribbon (2) melted to the overflow down-draw method from melting glass, (3) having a cooling step of cooling the molded glass ribbon in the following conditions (A). (A) Average cooling rate to a temperature of from annealing point (the strain point -50 ℃): 0.5~5.5 ℃ / less than a second


Objective:to evaluate the validity of panoramic radiograph in diagnosing the root resorption of incisors caused by impacted maxillary canines.Methods:19 maxillary impacted canine cases which have both the panoramic radiograph and spiral CT test were selected.10 orthodontics researchers were invited to decide the degree and location of incisor root resorption caused by impacted canines on panoramic radiograph.Taking the results of CT scan as the actual amount of root resorption,the sensitivity and specificity of the panoramic radiograph were calculated.Results:The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing the incisor root resorption caused by impacted canine using panoramic radiograph is 46.3% and 86.5% respectively.That may be helpful in the negative diagnose of incisor root resorption caused by impacted canine,but the accuracy of positive conclusion is low because of the lack of a reliable parameter of root resorption.Conclusion:The diagnosis of incisor root resorption can not be made only by the results of panoramic radiograph.


In the author's view, possibly the primary moral task of humanity is the reconciliation of diversity and unity, the drawing together of all the parts of the human family. Such global reconciliation is essential to the Christian mission of establishing the reign of God on earth. This work has parallels in the work of artists - missionaries of beauty and goodness. Art, which can and should enrich human life, has been important in the Christian Church. It helps us to reflect on the task and cost of creating, typified in God's sending his Son in a new creation, thereby reconciling the world to himself.


There is an increasing interest in alternative energy sources since the major part of all energy consumed worldwide comes from petroleum and natural gas. There is an increasing interest in alternative energy sources since the major part of all energy consumed worldwide comes from petroleum and natural gas. These sources are limited and will be exhausted in the near future. It has necessitated the governments, research communities, and private organizations around the world to look for alternative and renewable sources due to the depletion of petroleum reserves, increase in energy demands. Recently much effort has been focused on research and development of new types of lubricating oils. The vegetable lubricants are environmental friendly alternative to mineral oils since they are biodegradable. The Bio-lubricant from vegetable oils has been considered a promising option for alternative for mineral oil. In this paper effort has been taken to analyze the physical properties of pongamia oil, mineral oil and blends of pongamia and mineral oil in different composition. These properties are compared to conventional lubricants (SAE15W–40). Also investigation has been made to study the performance and characteristics of lubricants in four stroke Petrol engine for pure vegetable oil and various blends of oil. Engine oil sump oil temperature variation is measured for mineral oil and various blends. Result revealed, that the lubrication performance observed in bio lubricants and also how it significantly differs when pongamia and mineral oil blends are used. It is observed that viscosity and pour point of the pongamia oil blends is low compared to mineral oil at high operating temperatures. Suitable additives are added to overcome this problem and also ASTM standard test method conducted for wear rate of each blends. Hence, 50% blends of lubricant are the most suited because of its equilibrium position attained in-between the temperatures of manufacturer recommended oil (SAE15W-40) and pongamia oil. So that it is suggested that 50% (50%pongamia oil, 50% mineral oil) blends is preferred for crankcase lubricant. Keywords— Lubrication oils, Blends of pongamia oil and mineral oil (SAE 15 W-40), wear.


Over the past two decades, numerous Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control algorithms have been proposed for deployed wireless and wired networks. The main goal of these algorithms was to successfully manage congestion, reliably handle loss, and minimize transmission errors. In this paper, we use OPNET Modeler to simulate four TCP versions (Tahoe, Reno, Reno with Selective Acknowledgment (SACK), and NewReno) in several wireless and wired networks. We analyze congestion window maintenance and recovery process for each TCP algorithm by observing congestion window size, file download response time, throughput, and goodput. We observe that in wireless networks with signal attenuation, fading, and multipath, TCP Reno has larger congestion window size, shorter file download response time, and higher throughput and goodput than the remaining three TCP algorithms. In case of wired networks, TCP Reno with SACK has the best overall performance.


This article studies the growth and welfare effects of public education spending in the USA for the post-war period. We calibrate a standard dynamic general equilibrium model, where human capital is the engine of long-run endogenous growth. Our results suggest that while increases in public education spending raise growth, these increases are not necessarily welfare promoting. Welfare gains however can be realized if increases in public education spending are accompanied by changes in the government tax-spending mix. (JEL codes: H52, E62) Copyright , Oxford University Press.


A longitudinal field experiment of job change was conducted over a 1-year period with 42 geographically dispersed railway track maintenance gangs. Experimental groups that employed participative goal setting were compared with a control unit that continued to employ the traditional work procedures. When perceptual, behavioral and affective responses were evaluated, over eight trials, it was determined that there were significantly different responses between the experimental and control groups. Those incumbents who were engaged in participative goal setting reported higher perceived states of involvement in decision making and greater job satisfaction. It was also observed that goal setting and performance were positively related. The implications for these findings are discussed.


In this paper, a robust fault estimation approach is proposed for multi-input and multioutput nonlinear dynamic systems on the basis of back propagation neural networks. The augmented system approach, input-to-state stability theory, linear matrix inequality optimization, and neural network training/learning are integrated so that a robust simultaneous estimate of system states and actuator faults are achieved. The proposed approaches are finally applied to a 4.8 MW wind turbine benchmark system, and the effectiveness is well demonstrated.


The concept of organizational learning has a long lineage in the management literature. Its popularity has been increasing as new theoretical contributions emerge. Its importance is underpinned by the need to respond to stimuli in the external environment. There are many recognizable aspects to this response to stimuli. All organizations contain in varying degrees, skilled incompetence, organizational defensive routines, fancy footwork that forms an organizational defensive pattern. The organizational defensive patterns occur in all organizations, including private and public organizations, voluntary organizations, universities and schools, as well as families. Few women join the engineering profession traditionally and few studies relate organizational learning to women. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reason why organizational defensive patterns hinder female engineering staff to learn information and communication technology (ICT) when a new ICT is adopted from other organizations. The findings show that there are no significant effects of on-the-job intervention methods on skilled incompetence, organizational defensive routines and fancy footwork respectively.


Reducing regional inequality is one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations. However, a persistent regional disparity known as the "Mezzogiorno Trap" presents a significant challenge. The underdeveloped regions that fall into the "Mezzogiorno Trap", even though they can narrow the gap with other regions through substantial support, see the disparity widen again when the level of assistance starts to decline. This paper proposes a methodology for identifying the "Mezzogiorno Trap". By employing this approach and combining panel data on Chinese agriculture from 2015 to 2021, it is discovered that despite the overall development of the Chinese agricultural economy during this period, the "Mezzogiorno Trap" still exists. The paper analyzes the reasons behind the "Mezzogiorno Trap" in the Chinese agricultural economy and presents constructive recommendations based on the research findings. The research process demonstrates that this methodology is better suited for studying regional disparities in specific economic sectors, and the obtained results are more stable and reliable.


We in this paper discuss the numerical method for a quaternion matrix equation with i-conjugate of unknown matrix. An iterative algorithm is proposed which can determine the solvability of the equation automatically. A solution can be obtained through the algorithm in finite iteration steps, when the equation is solvable. A numerical example illustrates the proposed algorithm is quite effective.


Factors related to digestibility in Desmodium ovalifolium CIAT 350were studied, using Centrosema macrocarpum CIAT5065 as the control. Consumption and digestibility in vivo (caged sheep) was similar in D. ovalifolium and C. macrocarpum (52 vs 57 and 55.6 vs 56.6, respectively). The variance analysis reported significant differences (P 0.05) were reported in digestibility in vitro of plant parts due to method or sources of inoculation with ruminal bacteria. As a complement, the effect of the drying method on the tanine percentage in the acid detergent fiber (AOF) and on the nitrogen associated to the AOF(N-AOF) was evaluated.


Introduction: For creation of upper-limb arteriovenous fistula (AVF), international guidelines recommend a minimum diameter of 2 mm for artery and 2 mm/2.5 mm for vein. However, there are no large-scale studies in Indian patients whose stature and built is different compared to Western population. The aim of this study was to understand the upper-limb vessel diameters and their effect on AVF maturation in Indian patients. Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent AVF creation between November 2018 and May 2019 were included in the study. Demographics, upper-limb vessel diameter, type of surgery, and maturation rate at 6 weeks were recorded. Results: 129 patients were included with a mean age of 44 years (range, 18–80 years). Eighty-nine out of 129 patients (69%) were men. Overall, the mean diameter was 2.5 (range, 1–4.6 mm), 4.63 (range, 1.4–8.6 mm), 2.15 (range, 1–4.8 mm), and 3.13 mm (range, 1–6.8 mm) in the radial artery, brachial artery, and cephalic vein at wrist and elbow, respectively. In the 76 patients who underwent radiocephalic (RC) fistula, the mean diameter was 2.56 (range, 1.4–4.6 mm), 4.68 (range, 2.1–8.6 mm), 2.1 (range, 1–4.8 mm), and 3.0 mm (range, 1–5.9 mm) in the radial artery, brachial artery, and cephalic vein at wrist and elbow, respectively. In the 54 patients who underwent brachiocephalic (BC) fistula, the mean diameter was 2.3 (range, 1–4.3 mm), 4.5 (range, 1.4–6.9 mm), 1.6 (range, 1–3.6 mm), and 3.3 mm (range, 1.4–6.8 mm) in the radial artery, brachial artery, and cephalic vein at wrist and elbow, respectively. At 6 weeks, the maturation rate was 89.1% and 93.2% for RC and BC, respectively. Conclusion: The mean diameter of the cephalic vein at wrist and elbow was significantly less compared to Western population. Following the international guidelines would have taken away the opportunity to have a distal AVF in majority of the Indian patients requiring renal access patients 42 out 64 patients (65%).


Abstract Evaluation of the genetic diversity present within species is essential for conservation, management and utilization of the genetic resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic variability of 70 common bean genotypes for seed storage proteins, grain morphological characteristics and agronomic traits. Two methods of extracting soluble seed proteins in salt were used. Positive correlations were observed among both seed morphological characters and developmental characters while yield components showed negative correlations with each other. Factor analysis for agronomic and grain morphological traits resulted in three factors were named yield components, seed morphology and phenology, respectively. Most genotypes had lower or medium scores for yield components and phenology factors. Considerable diversity was observed for seed morphology factor among the common bean genotypes. Nei's diversity coefficient (He = 0.4), effective number of alleles (Ae = 1.69) and number of polymorphic loci (N = 17) indicated larger variation in the extraction method of soluble proteins in low salt (0.2 M NaCl) than high salt (1 M NaCl) condition. Considering that the centers of diversity for common bean are different in seed size, the result of Gst statistics showed that bands with relative mobility of 30, 32, 38 and 40 differentiated two weight groups more than other bands. Furthermore, significant differences were observed between these bands for number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant.


Six fatigue tests of prestressed concrete I-beams containing web reinforcement are reported. Each beam was initially subjected to a high overload, and then subjected to 2,000,000 cycles of a design equivalent repeated loading. The beams failed by either flexural or shear fatigue. The flexural fatigue life of the test beams was less than expected from available information on the fatigue strength of strand. The tests demonstrated that prestressed concrete beams have a remarkable shear fatigue resistance. Prestressed beams, with enough web reinforcement to develop their flexural capacity, can be subjected to overloads which cause extensive cracking without subsequent danger of a shear fatigue failure under design loads. Shear fatigue failures do not occur suddenly. There is considerable warning, as indicated by increasing deflection and increasing inclined crack width, before failure occurs. In these and other tests, shear fatigue failures did not occur when the range in inclined crack width was less than 0.006 in. under application of repeated loads.


In $M$-estimation under standard asymptotics, the weak convergence combined with the polynomial type large deviation estimate of the associated statistical random field Yoshida (2011) provides us with not only the asymptotic distribution of the associated $M$-estimator but also the convergence of its moments, the latter playing an important role in theoretical statistics. In this paper, we study the above program for statistical random fields of multiple and also possibly mixed-rates type in the sense of Radchenko (2008) where the associated statistical random fields may be non-differentiable and may fail to be locally asymptotically quadratic. Consequently, a very strong mode of convergence of a wide range of regularized $M$-estimators is ensured. The results are applied to regularized estimation of an ergodic diffusion observed at high frequency.


The classic scattering parameter (S-parameter) method for retrieving the medium parameters of a slab illuminated by a normally incident plane wave is generalized using new formulations when the oblique incidence and anisotropic model are considered. More importantly, a compensation method is presented for lossless or low-loss dielectric-composite slabs to remove the distortion of the retrieval results arisen from the Fabry-Pérot resonances.


List of contributors Preface 1. An introduction Wm. J. Woelkerling 2. Cell structure Curt M. Pueschel 3. DNA: Microspectrofluorometric studies Lynda J. Goff and Annette W. Coleman 4. Chromosomes Kathleen M. Cole 5. Genetics John P. van der Meer 6. Cell division Joe Scott and Sharon Broadwater 7. Solute accumulation and osmotic adjustment Robert H. Reed 8. Carbon metabolism John A. Raven, Andrew M. Johnston and Jeffrey J. MacFarlane 9. Pigmentation and photoacclimation Elisabeth Gantt 10. Cell walls James S. Craigie 11. Development Susan D. Waaland 12. Vegetative growth and organization Roy J. Coomans and Max H. Hommersand 13. Sexual reproduction and cystocarp development Max H. Hommersand and Susanne Fredericq 14. Sporangia and spores Michael D. Guiry 15. Marine ecology Joanna M. Kain and Trevor A. Notron 16. Freshwater ecology Robert G. Sheath and Julie A. Hambrook 17. Reproductive strategies Michael M. Hawkes 18. Taxonomy and evolution David J. Garbary and Paul W. Gabrielson Taxonomic Index Subject Index.


Techniques for processing image data to be soiled by the sensor-dependent noise. Imaging methods are described. In the imaging method, the imaged corresponding to the region and at least first and second image data acquired by the sensor device can be obtained. Adapt the parameterized model to the image data. The parameterized model, the first sensor-dependent model of the noise generated by the first sensor element definitive first portion of the imaging data obtained by the first sensor element, and a second sensor comprising a second sensor dependent model of noise generated by the second sensor element of the second portion of the imaging data obtained by the element. First sensor-dependent noise model is different from the at least partially the second sensor-dependent noise model.


Objective To investigate blood lipid level of aged patients with low extremity atherosclerosis disease(LEASD) and supply base for preventing and treating patients with abnormal blood lipid.Methods Blood lipid level of 154 aged patients with LEASD who were hospitalized from Oct.2002 to Oct.2003 and their treating methods were surveyed.Then they were compared with 40 healthy aged people.Results 75.3% of aged patients with LEASD had dyslipidemia and 34.5% of them did not receive any treatment.And,the blood lipid level of LEASD were higher than that of healthy people.Conclusion Certain social benefits were achieved by planed education and follow-up aiming at aged patients with LEASD.Thus,it is very important to establish quantified and systematic LEASD health education which is suitable in our country.


ObjectivesTo improve the applicable technique of ureteroscopic treatment with Pneumatic Lithotriptor(PL) for ureteral calculi.MethodsThe clinical data of ureteroscopic treatment for ureteral calculi were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsSatisfactory therapeutic efficacy was obtained in four hundred and fifty cases out of 480 cases with ureteral calculi , their successful rate being 93.8% . Among them, ureterolithes in 298 cases were crushed successfully in situ. The mean time of lithotripsy was(5.7±2.8)minutes and the ureterolith free rate within 3 days to 1 month was 95.8%.ConclusionThe therapeutic effects of PL under ureteroscope in the treatment of ureterolithes are reliable, safe, highly efficient and less traumatic .The key points of successful lithotripsy are the successful insertion of ureteroscope and the relative fixation of calculi.


Adding rubber particles modified by the sodium hydroxide(NaOH) saturated solution,carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) to cement mortar can improve the interface between rubber particles and cement matrix,and make better use of rubber particles in cement mortar.Experimental studies show that CCl4 solution has a better effect on modification,and NaOH saturated solution is in the next place.Taking the C/F,impact resistance and economy,etc.,into consideration,it is recommended that NaOH saturated solution be used to modify the rubber particles in engineering.The mechanical properties of crumb rubber cement mortar are the best when the content of 40 mesh rubber particles modified by NaOH saturated solution is 20%.


Mathematical logic is widely used in hardware and software verification. Hoare logic is particularly suitable for reasoning about imperative programs. Its extension, separation logic, introduces the separating conjunction, which makes it possible to reason about programs working with pointers and mutable data structures. Dynamic logic, an ex-ample of modal logic, is yet another formalism used for verification. This article introduces propositional dynamic separation logic, which adds separating conjunction to dynamic logic. We describe syntax, semantics and Hilbert-style deductive system for propositional dynamic separation logic and prove its soundness. The definition of the logic is rather abstract. Thus, the programming language consists of so-called regular programs rather than while-programs, and the set of atomic commands can be arbitrary as long as they correspond to local actions. Special attention is devoted to the soundness of the frame rule, which allows writing program specification using a small footprint, i.e., specifying exactly the portion of the heap that the program reads or writes. Programs that perform tests are also treated differently from regular dynamic logic. The article also argues for the use of separation logic in computer science curriculum. It is more intuitive that other substructural logics and can be taught even in introductory logic courses. At the same time, it is an active research area with numerous verification tools built on its foundation. Therefore, it serves an excellent introduction to formal methods.


Objective To evaluate the correlation between Holter monitoring and SMI or arrhythmia in CHD.Methods The total of 106 patients with coronary dangerous factors but without chest pain were collected,and underwent dynamic electrocardiograph which was used to evaluate the total ischemia burden(TIB).Results 39(39/106) cases attended the criterion of TIB,36(36/39) patients had CAG examination.The 31(31/36) cases were diag-nosed as coronary heart disease by CAG;the other 5(5/36) cases had no positive results.There was positive correla-tion between the levels of TIB and Gensini cumulative index(r=0.736,P〈0.01).Conclusion There is a certain evaluation value of TIB on the extent of myocardial ischemia.There is a certain detection rate of silent myocardial ischemia.

Key words:
Coronary artery disease; Myocardial ischemia; Electrocardiography


In a case of thoracic aneurism in an old man, described by de Cdrenville,1 Cheyne-Stokes respiration was present for some days. No mention is made of tlie state of the pulse in the varying phases of the breathing, but the pupils are said to have remained in a condition of excessive contraction. The author takes the opportunity of bringing forward an occurrence which seems to be unique ?a case of intermittent respiration in a baby, one month old, caused by morphine taken by his mother. The mother had been suffering from neuralgia, for which she took a large dose of morphine, and next day the baby lost his appetite, became cyanotic, and fell into convulsions, attended by periodic breathing, during which the


Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a infrastructure-less network in which nodes are connected without any fixed infrastructure. Routing protocols find route to forward data packets from the source node to the destination node. A routing protocol performs key role in finding the shortest route path. In this paper a approach has been presented using fuzzy logic to evaluate and compare AODV routing protocol with Qualnet. In this paper number of nodes in input and delay and throughput and packer delivery ratio in the output of fuzzy system. To show efficiency and truth of fuzzy logic system, AODV has been evaluated using Qualnet 6.1 simulator and fuzzy system and comparing the results of simulation.


Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 29, 1897. To the Editor: —In the issue of theJournalof January 16, the proceedings of the Chicago Academy of Medicine are reported. Dr. Casey A. Wood, in the discussion of Dr. E. H. Lee's paper on "Dermatitis following the Roentgen Ray," is quoted as saying "So far as the diagnostic value of the X rays in ocular diagnosis is concerned the subject may be dismissed in a few words.... But it was found that inasmuch as the eyeball is surrounded by a bony casing... the experiments were found to be of little value." In experiments made in Chicago to determine the presence and location of a foreign body in the eyeball "the X ray was found to be of little or no value." In Philadelphia our experience has been quite the reverse. Within the past two months, two instances of the detection of steel in


Background: CAPTCHA is a mechanism to distinguish humans from bots. It has become standard means of protection from the misuse of resources on World Wide Web. Different types of CAPTCHAs are implemented but text-based schemes are the most widely used due to its easiness and robustness. A user is asked to type in the text from an image. The image is intentionally distorted to dodge the bots. Recognizing the text is easy for humans but very hard for computers. Method/Findings: In this work, a text-based CAPTCHA scheme with background clutter and partially connected characters is decoded. The main steps consist on preprocessing, segmentation and recognition. Several digital image processing techniques were applied during preprocessing, segmentation steps and convolutional neural network (CNN) was used for recognition process. Since massive data is required for CNN therefore data was generated synthetically. A complex text-based CAPTCHA scheme with varying number of letters: 3, 4 and 5 letters is decoded with the overall precision of 77.5%, 64.2% and 51.9% respectively.
Keywords: CAPTCHAs; HIPs; image processing; machine learning; CNN


We report a high-performance transportable microwave frequency standard scheme based on sympathetically cooled 113Cd+ ions using 40Ca+ as coolant ions. A transportable physical package (1.4 m3) with high-performance magnetic shielding (radial shielding coefficient 460 000) has been built. In experiments, more than 105 113Cd+ ions were sympathetically cooled to 90 mK in a Paul trap and the ion-loss time constant extends to 84 hours. Without direct cooling procedures, the Dick effect-limited Allan deviation due to the deadtimes is reduced to 1.8 × 10 − 14 / τ. Under our scheme, the uncertainties in the main frequency shifts such as those from second-order Zeeman and second-order Doppler terms were reduced below the order of 10 − 15. The relevant ac Stark shifts uncertainties were estimated to be below 5 × 10 − 18. Minor shifts further reflect the superiority of coolant ions 40Ca+ for 113Cd+. These results indicate that a microwave clock based on this sympathetic cooling scheme shows potential in establishing a vehicle transportable ground-based time-frequency reference for navigation systems.


A partially ordered set, is ω-chain complete if, for every countable chain, or ω-chain, in P, the least upper bound of C, denoted by sup C, exists. Notice that C could be empty, so an ω-chain complete partially ordered set has a least element, denoted by 0.


Objective:To investigate the value of 64-slice CT coronary angiography in the follow-up vist of the coronary artery bypass grafting patients.Methods: Fifty-two patients were investigated using a retrospective electrocardiogram(ECG) gated enhanced scan by multislice computed tomography(MSCT),some patients receive coronary angiography(CAG) in the corresponding time period.analyze the results to combine together the clinical symptom.Results: Fifty-two patients had received the MSCT,187 brige vascellum had image formation,there were 50 arteriae mammaria interna bridge,129 vein bridge,8 artery radial bridge.Of all the 20 arteriae mammaria interna bridges there were 6 bridges had aniso-degree angusty;Among the 129 vein bridges there were 48 bridges had aniso-degree angusty.Among 8 artery radial bridges,there were 2 bridges have aniso-degree angusty.There were 28 patient received the CAG in the corresponding time period,105 brige vascellum were detected,the result of opacification were conformity with the CT result.The MSCT false positive rate was 4.4%,false negative rate was 2.7%.There were 22 patient have clinical symptom among the 27 patient who had brige vascular lesion.The another 3 patient who had clinical symptom,the result of CT scan had no narrow.Conclusions: As a micro-trauma check device,the 64-slice CT is a ideal method for follow-up after coronary artery bypass grafting.


Path planning for a human being is very easy to reach a desired location in a room, by avoiding obstacles on the way, by generating a mental map and uses this map to find the optimal path. This is a difficult task in case of a robot. In order to make the robot adapt, the system is fed with different obstacle arrangement in the same room and allow the robot to finalise the optimal path avoiding the obstacles. To achieve, the gradient map rendering algorithm is proposed with successful simulation results in MATLAB. The new map produced has given a gradient again using the same algorithm. After the rendering process is completed, the robot climbs up or down the gradient using the maximum or minimum local gradient technique respectively, to find its way to the destination cell. Gradient surface plots are obtained for a variety of mazes to give a visualisation of how the gradient is being formed. Results are obtained after maze simulation successfully shows the most optimised path in any kind of maze.


This project analyses the communication between two energy scavenging wireless sensor nodes. The existed system developed using HARQ-CC. This project proposed a communication between these two nodes using different redundancy versions in every retransmission i.e., HARQ-IR. Along with HARQ-IR, it can implement A generalized power allocation algorithm (POMDP) and Solar & include another energy Harvesting technology.


The objective of the present study is to propose and evaluate a novel multivariate approach for genetic mapping of complex categorical diseases. This approach results from an application of standard stepwise discriminant analysis to detect linkage based on the differential marker identity-by-descent (IBD) distributions among the different groups of sib pairs. Two major advantages of this method are that it allows for simultaneously testing all markers, together with other genetic and environmental factors in a single multivariate setting and it avoids explicitly modeling the complex relationship between the affection status of sib pairs and the underlying genetic determinants. The efficiency and properties of the method are demonstrated via simulations. The proposed multivariate approach has successfully located the true position(s) under various genetic scenarios. The more important finding is that using highly densely spaced markers (1-2 cM) leads to only a marginal loss of statistical efficiency of the proposed methods in terms of gene localization and statistical power. These results have well established its utility and advantages as a fine-mapping tool. A unique property of the proposed method is the ability to map multiple linked trait loci to their precise positions due to its sequential nature, as demonstrated via simulations.


The essay surveys four significant origins of China's establishment of higher education,their integration into and impacts upon the educational system,in a historic perspective,thus broadening the horizon in studying China's current higher education and its development.


For an infrared photon detector, such as charge-sensitive infrared phototransistors (CSIPs), we propose and use a capacitive charging method to study some failure mechanisms that disable the photon response of CSIPs. Two failure mechanisms are highlighted, namely interquantum well (QW) leakage and low tunneling probability for intersubband-transition-excited electrons. A correlation between the Al content in the inter-QW AlGaAs barrier and the failure mechanism type are discussed. On the other hand, the previously unexplained puzzle that the success of photon response is only weakly dependent on the QW electron mobility that is attributed to an imperfect inter-QW barrier.


Nonuniform brightness distribution of collimator reticle images leads to the recognition difficulty of reticle grids and coordinate scales on images and affects the digitalization of reticle coordinate system. The article proposes an image quality improvement algorithm that operates on L channel of LAB color space to perform brightness correction. It designs four typical image modules depending on representative brightness features. Corresponding brightness correction models for all typical image modules are constructed by designing the new correction functions based on nonlinear gamma transform. A concept of brightness similarity is defined for automatic matching between typical image modules and the image region to be processed. On this basis, the algorithm can automatically adjust brightness correction mode to ensure the brightness of each pixel tends to be uniform, which is reflected in a visible improvement in the color distortion of the image. The algorithm can effectively reduce the complexity of model processing and adaptively adjust brightness correction intensity according to the pixel brightness value. It enables more accurate corrections with good results.


This chapter explores issues in the syntax and semantics of modification. The main focus is on adjectival modification, since the syntax and semantics of adjectives is fairly complex and illustrates many key issues. Section 13.1 provides an overview of the syntax of adjectival modification, Section 13.2 discusses three semantic classes of adjectives and how their meanings are represented, and Section 13.3 discusses adjectival modification at the syntax-semantics interface within the glue approach introduced in Chapter 8. Section 13.4 addresses problems in defining the semantic contribution of modifiers, which have a straightforward solution within our framework. The chapter concludes with a brief examination of the syntax and semantics of adverbial modification: Section 13.5 discusses the syntax and semantics of manner adverbs and sentential adverbs.


The authors propose a new (semi)-optimization algorithm, called the restricted learning algorithm, for a nonnegative evaluating function which is 2 times continuously differentiable on a compact set Omega in R/sup N/. The restricted learning algorithm utilizes the maximal excluding regions which are newly derived, and is shown to converge to the global in -optimum in Omega . A most effective application of the proposed algorithm is the training of multi-layered neural networks. In this case, one can estimate the Lipschitz's constants for the evaluating function and its derivative very efficiently and thereby we can obtain sufficiently large excluding regions. It is confirmed through numerical examples that the proposed restricted learning algorithm provides much better performance than the conventional back propagation algorithm and its modified versions.<<ETX>>


The design of fire extinguishing system for the high and large place is particularly important because of its high altitude,large area,fast speed of fire spread and difficulty in extinguishing a fire.Taking an exhibition center for example,the fire extinguishing system including deluge system,fixed fire monitor system and large-space intelligent active control sprinkler system,which is fit for the high and large place,is introduced and comparatively analyzed.The related issues during the design are discussed for reference.


R. Badard introduced the MS convergence on fuzzy number space and proved MS≤D∞. A counter example is given in this paper to show this conclusion is not valid. Furthermore, the relation between MS convergence and level convergence, d∞ convergence is also discussed.


TONE and Donnelly,l some 10 years ago, S pointed out the potential hazards of general anesthesia for patients with secreting carcinoid tumors. In the years since, important progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. I t was discovered that the initiating factor in carcinoid attacks was not only serotonin but also other vasoactive amines. Now it is recognized that the bradykinin-kallikrein system in addition to serotonin contributes to the symptom complex seen in patients with metastatic carcinoid.2-' A better understanding of the complex pharmacologic mechanisms of the disease and its pathophysiology has led to changes in anesthetic management, resulting in better hemodynamic control of the anesthetized patient and increased survival.


Peter Diamond, Monika Merz, and David Andolfatto must all three be credited for having integrated a search perspective in macroeconomic theory. In a previous paper, "The Integration of Search in Macroeconomics: Two Alternative Paths", we set ourselves the task of analyzing and comparing their respective contributions. To support our study, we conducted interviews with them. The present paper is an edited transcript of these three interviews.


Water is an important substances in the food industry. The quality of water that is used in the small Industry (UKM) generally has bad quality. This is caused by lack of knowledge and cost. The aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of using chlorinator as disinfectan (chlorine) solvent in the small industry (UKM). This study used complete randomized design with 2 repetitions and  analyzed water quality before and after treatment. The parameters that was used was coliform and eschericia coli (e. coli) contaminant and total chlorine in the water. The cost efficiency was calculated with evaluate chlorine/m 3 . Results showed a decrease of coliform and E.coli (p<0.05), from 2,3 x10 5 cfu/100 ml to 0 cfu/ml for both. Furthermore, total chlorine after treatment showed no decrease significantly (p<0.05). The cost efficiency of using chlorinator was cheap, just  Rp. 916/m 3 . The use of chlorinator was effective to decrease total microbiology contaminant and can keep total chlorine concentration in the standard of water quality for hygiene and sanitation. Furthermore, chlorinator was also efficience in cost to be  implemented  in small industry (UKM)


The report by Zach (Zach, R. 1979. Behaviour, 68: 106–117) that Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus), when breaking whelks, drop the shells from an optimal height is reexamined. The currency used by Zach is arguably inappropriate because of the significant handling costs incurred by the birds in the shell-breaking process. As the birds ascend to a lower height than is predicted by any of the optimality models examined in this paper, it is suggested that their behaviour should not be cited as an example of the successful application of optimal foraging theory.


Nowadays, the growth of civilization rate, expansion in use of vehicles and development of economic activities all leads to increase of urban air pollution. Daily increase of urban traffic and emission of various pollutants has confronted the human to severe environmental problems, so that, it's effects are evident in the areas of physical health, psychological and economical losses. So, in order to reach to sustainable development and having clean air and transportations, we need a means to investigate the projects which are related to transportations with sufficient accuracy and numerically. In this study, the analysis and modeling of PM 10 , O 3 and CO pollutants concentrations was investigated in Tehran. Parameters affecting the concentration of pollutants was specified according to weather and traffic statistics and the relation between various variables such as transportation, precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature and also relation between humidity and air pollution was investigated and finally, a model was presented according to regression method which will be capable to estimate the concentration of PM 10 , O 3 and CO pollutants in city streets with appropriate accuracy for future years. one of applications of this model is assessment and prediction of production factors of these pollutants for manage and control tools.


Socioeconomic development, urbanization, an uncontrollable massive population rate, and higher living standards in cities increase the amount and variety of solid waste generated. If it accumulates, it degrades the urban environment, affects natural resources, and causes health problems. Dumping sites are becoming an increasing source of concern for Rwanda municipalities, particularly in Kigali City, and they are a significant source of pollution in the air, water, and land. This article aims to assess current solid waste treatment practices in the City of Kigali and evaluate the local community attitudes, participation, and perception in waste management. This research uses a mixed method to understand better how the waste management system performs in Kigali City. The data was collected by distributing a questionnaire to respondents, conducting interviews with communities, and contacting all companies that collect and recycle waste, government institutions, and other sources such as national household surveys and reports. The quantity and type of municipal solid waste (MSW) varies in each identified district. The findings indicate that personal attitude and perception are essential while engaging in waste management practices. There are poorly implemented WM laws and regulations. Due to incomplete combustion, open landfill fire produces smoke, hazardous gases, and particles that pollute the air. In addition, methane concentrations can reach up to 50 percent of landfill gas composition at the maximum anaerobic decomposition. These gases participate in the increase of greenhouse gas effect, global warming, and climate change.


We present C- and X-band radio observations of the famous utraluminous X-ray source (ULX) Holmberg IX X-1, previously discovered to be associated with an optical emission line nebula several hundred parsecs in extent. Our recent infrared study of the ULX suggested that a jet could be responsible for the infrared excess detected at the ULX position. The new radio observations, performed using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in B-configuration, reveal the presence of a radio counterpart to the nebula with a spectral slope of −0.56 similar to other ULXs. Importantly, we find no evidence for an unresolved radio source associated with the ULX itself, and we set an upper limit on any 5 GHz radio core emission of 6.6 μJy (4.1 × 1032 erg s−1). This is 20 times fainter than what we expect if the bubble is energized by a jet. If a jet exists its core component is unlikely to be responsible for the infrared excess unless it is variable. Strong winds which are expected in super-Eddington sources could also play an important role in inflating the radio bubble. We discuss possible interpretations of the radio/optical bubble and we prefer the jet+winds-blown bubble scenario similar to the microquasar SS 433.


Family businesses play a key role in the Polish economy, accounting for approx. 36 % of the MMSP sector. Development of family companies is connected with dilemmas regarding, among others, continuity and succession. In Polish business, a long-awaited moment of handing over the power and ownership to the next generation has appeared – the so-called generation of millennials, which is currently being educated at universities. The aim of this study is to identify areas of cooperation between universities and family businesses in the context of preparing potential successors to manage Polish family businesses at the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution. The article presents differences in the perception of the role of education in the succession process by successors and doyens of Silesian family enterprises on the basis of the author's own research. An attempt was made here to explain the divergence of opinions between the successors from the millennials generation and the representatives of the baby boomer generation (doyens). The main part of the study consists of a proposal of areas of academic education for future managers of family businesses under the conditions of Industry 4.0, including the use of educational methods adapted not only to requirements of the market, but also expectations of the millennials generation.


In order to improve the luster and its durability of worsted fabrics,polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) microporous membrane and conventional decatizing wrapper are laminated to develop a new composite decatizing wrapper.The properties of the finished fabrics are measured and analyzed.The results show that,the structure of PTFE microporous membrane has less impact on moisture permeability of the new wrapper;Compared with conventional wrapper fabrics,the new PTFE membrane laminated wrapper behaves better in surface smoothness and evenness,size stability,mechanical properties and luster for worsted fabrics processed by kier decatizing;The worsted fabrics finished by decatizing twice with the new wrapper can reach the same result with the worsted fabrics finished by decatizing→paper pressing→decatizing with the traditional wrapper.


— Investigations on the accumulation of heavy metals in water and sediments of river Ogbese were carried out between December 2010 and February 2011 using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Etheria elliptica a sessile organism was also used to determine the concentration of heavy metal in the aquatic environmental. In water, Cu had the highest concentration (0.55 – 0.13 mg/l ±0.1) while in sediments, the highest value obtained was in Fe (1.46-3.89mg/l±0.27). The minimum concentrations recorded were in Pb; which was below detectable level. The result also revealed that the shell accumulate more heavy metals than the flesh of the mussel with Cu in the shell exhibiting a negative correlation with all the metals in the flesh. However, the condition factor (K) value is 6.44, an indication of good health. The length-weight relationship is expressed as W = -0.48 x L 1.94 (r 2 = 0.29) showing the growth pattern to be negatively allometric.


Nonpolar (112̄0) and semipolar (112̄2) GaN are grown on r-plane and m-plane sapphire by MOCVD to investigate the characteristics of basal plane stacking faults (BSFs). Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the density of BSFs for the semipolar (112̄2) and nonpolar a-plane GaN template is 3×105 cm−1 and 8×105 cm−1, respectively. The semipolar (112̄2) GaN shows an arrowhead-like structure, and the nonpolar a-plane GaN has a much smoother morphology with a streak along the c-axis. Both nonpolar (112̄0) and semipolar (112̄2) GaN have very strong BSF luminescence due to the optically active character of the BSFs.


The purpose of this study was to see whether there was a difference in the number of rural poor people from several policy formulas used in the mechanism for granting the Village Fund which had been running for 6 years. The statistical method used is the Independent Sample T-Test. The sample used is 33 provinces in Indonesia that receive Village Funds sourced from the National Budget and Revenue. The result is that between the first and second formulas there is no difference in the number of rural poor people, as well as between the changes in the second and third formulas. New differences emerged between the third and fourth formulas, but these differences did not show better results, this was also exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world, including Indonesia.


A strong direct product theorem states that if we want to compute k independent instances of a function, using less than k times the resources needed for one instance, then the overall success probability will be exponentially small in k. We establish such a theorem for the randomized communication complexity of the Disjointness problem, i.e., with communication const• kn the success probability of solving k instances of size n can only be exponentially small in k. This solves an open problem of [KSW07, LSS08]. We also show that this bound even holds for $AM$-communication protocols with limited ambiguity. The main result implies a new lower bound for Disjointness in a restricted 3-player NOF protocol, and optimal communication-space tradeoffs for Boolean matrix product. Our main result follows from a solution to the dual of a linear programming problem, whose feasibility comes from a so-called Intersection Sampling Lemma that generalizes a result by Razborov [Raz92].


In the treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome, the main measure is tear replacement therapy, the most accessible for practicing physicians. It is understandably based on the instillations of artificial tear medications, whose number is steadily growing. In Russia, there are 47 registered medications of this type. Considering the set of requirements for artificial tear medications (which are expected to moisturize the ocular surface, stop the hyperosmolarity of the tear film, ensure osmo-protection and reduce inflammation in the tissues of the ocular surface, as well as activate their reparative regeneration), the most promising medications are those containing two or more active ingredients. One such medication is Oftolik ® medium-viscosity tear substitute that contains a combination of 1.4 % polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 % polyvinylpyrrolidone. The moisturizing effect of these polymers is complemented by reparative regeneration stimulation (polyvinyl alcohol) and the production of endogenous interferon (polyvinylpyrrolidone). Multiple studies confirmed high clinical efficacy of the medication for the treatment of patients with the main pathogenetic types of dry eye syndrome, as well as its syndromal and secondary symptomatic forms (computer visual syndrome) and revealed. As these effects are achieved with no significant side effects, we can recommend Oftolik® and its preservative-free form Oftolik BK ® for wide clinical use.


This study assessed the relationship between abdominal pain in children and adolescents and somatization disorder, attention deficit disorder, alcoholism, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality in first- and second-degree relatives. Abdominal pain is a highly prevalent problem in childhood. Apley (1975) has estimated that about 1 child in 10 suffers episodes of such pain, and only about 8% of the cases are found to have some clear-cut organic basis. Undoubtedly some abdominal pain results from as yet unidentified organic disease, but much of it is also thought to be of psychological origin.


Using high-{ital Q} double-torsional silicon oscillators vibrating at extremely low amplitude, numerous fine minima and maxima have been observed in the dissipation vs temperature data for certain characteristic fields perpendicular to the {ital c} axis in single crystal YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}}. These features are mirrored in the frequency shift vs temperature data. An intrinsic pinning model in which the dissipation minima correspond to conditions of commensureability between the interlayer spacing and both the coherence length and Abrikosov lattice spacing is suggested to explain these features. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The solid ducted rocket ramjet (SDR) system faces many disturbances in the process of operation, and the linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) has been widely used in engineering to solve such problems. However, the SDR also has strong nonlinearity, which brings a great challenge to the application of the LADRC in the gas flow regulation of the SDR. And the problem of fast adjustment of the "compensation factor" is one of the main difficulties in LADRC. In this paper, under the LADRC frame, the gas generator system's closed-loop stability of the SDR was analyzed and the range of compensation factors had been calculated, and then, the "gap factor" was introduced and the "cross-iteration" method was used to quickly map out the "compensation factor" in the multilinear model controller based on the variation of the zero-point position of the system and the gap metric between adjacent set points. This greatly simplifies the parameter tuning process of the LADRC when it was applied to strongly nonlinear systems. Finally, through the comparison of simulation with adaptive PI controller and model-assisted LADRC (M-LADRC), the results have shown that the control method designed in this paper can obtain satisfactory performance and has a good engineering application prospect.


We present a machine learning method to analyze data harnessed by distributed fiber sensors for pipeline monitoring. Convolutional neural networks are used to identify and classify pipeline internal defects with 99% and 94% accuracy, respectively.


Significance Some cellulases exhibit "processivity": the ability to degrade crystalline cellulose through successive hydrolytic catalytic reactions without the release of the enzyme from the substrate surface. We previously observed the movement of fungal processive cellulases by high-speed atomic force microscopy, and here, we use the same technique to directly observe the processive movement of bacterial cellobiohydrolases settling a long-standing controversy. Although fungal and bacterial processive cellulases have completely different protein folds, they have evolved to acquire processivity through the same strategy of adding subsites to extend the substrate-binding site and forming a tunnel-like active site by increasing the number of loops covering the active site. This represents an example of protein-level convergent evolution to acquire the same functions from different ancestors. Cellulose is the most abundant biomass on Earth, and many microorganisms depend on it as a source of energy. It consists mainly of crystalline and amorphous regions, and natural degradation of the crystalline part is highly dependent on the degree of processivity of the degrading enzymes (i.e., the extent of continuous hydrolysis without detachment from the substrate cellulose). Here, we report high-speed atomic force microscopic (HS-AFM) observations of the movement of four types of cellulases derived from the cellulolytic bacteria Cellulomonas fimi on various insoluble cellulose substrates. The HS-AFM images clearly demonstrated that two of them (CfCel6B and CfCel48A) slide on crystalline cellulose. The direction of processive movement of CfCel6B is from the nonreducing to the reducing end of the substrate, which is opposite that of processive cellulase Cel7A of the fungus Trichoderma reesei (TrCel7A), whose movement was first observed by this technique, while CfCel48A moves in the same direction as TrCel7A. When CfCel6B and TrCel7A were mixed on the same substrate, "traffic accidents" were observed, in which the two cellulases blocked each other's progress. The processivity of CfCel6B was similar to those of fungal family 7 cellulases but considerably higher than those of fungal family 6 cellulases. The results indicate that bacteria utilize family 6 cellulases as high-processivity enzymes for efficient degradation of crystalline cellulose, whereas family 7 enzymes have the same function in fungi. This is consistent with the idea of convergent evolution of processive cellulases in fungi and bacteria to achieve similar functionality using different protein foldings.


In this work, the isotropic piezoresistance in the (0001) plane of p-type 4H-SiC was discovered by means of the hole energy shift calculation and the coordinate transformation. These results were also confirmed by the measurement of the piezoresistance using a bending beam method. The fundamental longitudinal and transverse piezoresistive coefficients π11 and π12 were found to be 6.43 × 10−11 Pa−1 and −5.12 × 10−11 Pa−1, respectively. The isotropy of the piezoresistance in the basal plane of p-type 4H-SiC is attributed to the isotropic hole energy shift under uniaxial strain. This interesting phenomenon in p-type 4H-SiC is promising for the design and fabrication of mechanical sensors and strain-engineered electronics since high sensitivity and consistent performance can be achieved regardless of the crystallographic orientation.


South Africa's National Research Foundation provided
financial assistance for C.W.W. (Grant No: 95399). Kgori
Safaris (Pty) Ltd funded data collection in NG43. The African
Wildlife Foundation's Large Carnivore Research Project funded the surveys in the Chobe District. The authors thank
Panthera for providing the Panthera v4 camera traps used in
this study, Ron Crous for allowing them to survey his
property, and the Botswana Predator Conservation Trust for
providing support for the camera trap survey. Kanabo
Conservation Link and Denver Zoo helped to fund the
Central Kalahari Game Reserve survey.


By analyzing municipal solid waste(MSW) production from 1997 to 2006 in Chongqing as well as the main impact factors of MSW production,predication models of MSW production were set up respectively using multiple linear regression analysis and gray model analysis,and used to predict the MSW production in Chongqing.Based on analyzing the results of the two models and the actual situation in Chongqing,a comprehensive analysis of both the model results is proposed,and the results are as follows: MSW production in Chongqing will reach 543.4×104 t by 2015 and 809.6×104 t by 2020.


We aimed to study the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on alloreactivity and effects of T‐cell activation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in vitro. MSCs were expanded from the bone marrow of healthy subjects. MSCs isolated from second to third passage were positive for CD166, CD105, CD44, CD29, SH‐3 and SH‐4, but negative for CD34 and CD45. MSCs cultured in osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic media differentiated, respectively, into osteocytes, adipocytes or chondrocytes. MSC added to PBL cultures had various effects, ranging from slight inhibition to stimulation of DNA synthesis. The stimulation index (SI = (PBL + MSC)/PBL) varied between 0.2 and 7.3. The SI was not affected by the MSC dose or by the addition of allogeneic or autologous MSCs to the lymphocytes.


In scientific and educational collections, rhododendrons, like other introduced plants, are most often, although certainly not always, grouped considering the geographical factor, i.e. on the basis of their distribution ranges or places of origin. But rhododendrons could be very successfully grouped by particular phenorhythmotypic features. The rhododendron groups formed according to these criteria would be much longer attractive to the visitors of botanical gardens. Based on long term research results, the rhododendrons grown in Northern Lithuania were grouped into specific phenorhythmotypes according to seasonal character of leaf unfolding, indexes of the end of leaf drop and average duration of leafing. According to seasonal character of leafing, deciduous rhododendrons could be divided into phenorhythmotypes of 1) early leafing and 2) moderately early leafing. According to the indexes of the end of leaf drop deciduous rhododendrons could be divided into phenorhythmotypes of 1) early end of leaf drop, 2) moderately early end of leaf drop and 3) rather late end of leaf drop. According to the average leafing duration the deciduous rhododendrons could be divided into phenorhythmotypes of 1) short leafing duration, 2) moderate leafing duration and 3) long leafing duration.


A scaling factor for the neutronics parameters of the first wall was derived as a function of the plasma and first wall radii of fusion devices based on the simple albedo concept. The derived equation followed very well the scaling behavior of the heating rate and DPA obtained by ANISN as the device size was changed. The helium and hydrogen production rates were scaled with the rate /phi/ /sup uncol/ / J /sup uncol/. A simple expression for the azimuthal distribution of neutronics parameters in the first wall was derived. The applicability of the expression was verified by comparing the heating rate profiles given by the equation with those by Monte Carlo calculations in the first two different shapes.


Police deception tactics are utilized throughout the United States as a way to catch unsuspecting criminals. Although criticized in many respects, most deceptive police techniques are not only legal, but are actually encouraged. DNA collection and analysis is no exception— techniques are frequently used by law enforcement officers in an attempt to collect a suspect's genetic specimen in the interest of solving crimes. While law enforcement officers typically have the best interests of society in mind, the current practices employed by officers to collect suspects' DNA violate the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment provides protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, and prescribes that when there is a warrant, it must be based on probable cause describing the places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. The Fourth Amendment is a paramount protection embedded in our country's foundation; without its protections, citizens' privacy rights are greatly diminished. When courts permit law enforcement officers to bypass this protection by upholding warrantless collection of individuals' DNA obtained through trickery, they circumvent the protections embodied within the Fourth Amendment. This Note argues that when law enforcement officers use deceptive practices to collect DNA and courts uphold these searches as valid, this violates the Fourth Amendment. It critiques and criticizes the application of traditional exceptions to the warrant requirement which many courts employ in the context of DNA collection. This Note calls for a wholesale abandonment of the traditional test applied in these circumstances and proposes a bright-line rule which would acquiesce to Fourth Amendment protections and provide guidance to law enforcement officers, the courts, and society as a whole. 330 United States v. $124,570 U.S. Currency, 873 F.2d 1240, 1246 (9th Cir. 1989).


Background. It is widely assumed that the graft-enhancing properties of antilymphocyte induction agents and their lymphoma-inducing potential are intimately related. Methods. The Collaborative Transplant Study (CTS) database was used to evaluate graft survival and non-Hodgkin lymphoma at 3 years according to type of induction in 112,122 patients receiving a deceased-donor renal transplant during 1985 to 2004. Results. The relative risk of 3-year graft loss versus no induction was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.13; P=0.016) with murine anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3), 1.03 (95% CI, 0.95–1.11; NS) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-Fresenius, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02–1.35; P=0.021) with ATGAM, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.68–0.81; P<0.001) with Thymoglobulin, and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.72–0.84; P<0.001) with interleukin (IL)-2RA induction. The standardized incidence ratio of lymphoma compared with a similar nontransplant population was 21.5 (95% CI, 15.7–28.8; P<0.001) with OKT3, 4.9 (95% CI, 1.6–11.5; P=0.008) with ATG-Fresenius, 29.0 (95% CI, 12.5–57.1; P<0.001) with ATGAM, 21.6 (95% CI, 14.3–31.2; P<0.001) with Thymoglobulin, 7.8 (95% CI, 4.4–12.9; P<0.001) with IL-2RAs, and 9.4 (95% CI, 8.3–10.6 P<0.001) with no induction. Conclusions. Those agents that offered the highest rates of graft survival were not necessarily associated with the highest risk of lymphoma. Graft survival was significantly improved with Thymoglobulin and IL-2RA induction, whereas lymphoma rates were highest with ATGAM, OKT3, and Thymoglobulin. IL-2RA agents seem to offer the best risk-to-benefit ratio for this patient population overall in terms of graft survival and lymphoma.


A close relationship between radio-transmission conditions and irregular fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field has been recognized for some time. The nature of this relationship may be briefly stated as follows: At times when the variations of the Earth's magnetism are of a regular character transmission over long distances is generally good on all frequencies, but when the variations are irregular—that is, during magnetic "storms"—communication over high-latitude paths is unsatisfactory or altogether impossible on the higher frequencies.

In efforts to understand this relationship better, numerous investigators have made correlations of radio conditions and magnetic storminess. Various measures of storminess have been used—sometimes the daily range of magnetic change at a single station, sometimes a subjective estimate of storminess as assigned by the observer-in-charge of a magnetic station. Such measures are not fully adequate as they only partially represent the conditions at a single point on the Earth. Magnetic storms affect the entire Earth although local conditions may vary considerably.