Mathematical Modeling of the activated sludge process (ASP) enhances the understanding of the process and improves the quality of the effluent released. However, as the process is complex and nonlinear, mathematical modeling of the process has been a challenge. In this study, multi-layer perceptron neural networks (MLP-ANN) are investigated to predict water quality parameters for better control of wastewater treatment plants employing an activated sludge process. The study area selected was in a central district of the southern state of India. The parameters to be investigated are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), and pH. The model is evaluated based on statistical parameters of correlation coefficient R and mean square error (MSE). The neural network toolbox of MATLAB 2015b is used for modeling and simulation study. It has been found that effluent biochemical oxygen demand was predicted with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.927 and minimum mean square error of 0.0022, effluent suspended solids were predicted with a maximum correlation coefficient value of 0.947 and minimum mean square value of 0.0058, effluent pH was predicted with a maximum correlation coefficient value of 0.8299 and minimum mean square value of 0.0132.


Magnetic levitation system has posed significant challenges to control Engineers, because of the nonlinearities associated with the electromechanical dynamics. A variable structure controller is employed for controlling the open loop unstable system. The proposed controller has satisfactorily tracked the error to the desired value within the prescribe boundary layer. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed controller.


A composite material is formed by using chitosan and bentonite under the condition of dissolution with acetic acid. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscope thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The effects of initial concentration of methyl red, adsorption time, pH, and amount of adsorbent on adsorption were investigated. Then, the adsorption process was analyzed from kinetics, and related parameters were calculated. The results showed that the composite material has a wider pH range than using chitosan as an adsorbent to adsorb methyl red; The mass ratio of chitosan to bentonite is 0.08:1, the removal rate of methyl red is the best; The amount of adsorbent used is 0.7mg to reach saturation for a volume of 25mL of methyl red solution with a concentration of 20ug/l; the adsorption of methyl red by the material conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.


Neovascular eye diseases, with highly complicated and refractory, are one group of the most difficult problems for domestic and overseas clinical oculists in recent years.Angiogenesis is a complex process participating with multiple factors and various ways, and its exact pathogenesis is unclear yet.Ocular neovascularization is the dynamic balance result between proangiogenic factors and antiangiogenic factors provided that intraocular microenvironment be under a physiological condition.Some pathological factors including ischemia, hypoxia and inflammation destroy the dynamic balance between cytokines leading to neovascularization.Currently studies indicated that numerous cytokines containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) are closely linked to ocular neovascularization, while it is more crucial to elucidate the molecular mechanism of numerous cytokines involved in ocular neovascularization, which can recognize the pathogenesis of neovascular eye disease more clearly.Research progress of pathological relevant cytokines of neovascular eye diseases, including VEGF, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), angiogenin-2 (Ang-2), stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and PEDF were reviewed in this paper.

Key words:
Ocular neovascularization; Cytokines; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Stromal cell-derived factor 1; Angiopoietin-2; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Pigment epithelium-derived factor


To the Editor:

The use of statins after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has a strong scientific rationale and appears promising in preliminary clinical studies.1–2 However, the assertion by Sillberg et al that their meta-analysis "supports the routine use of statins" is too strong.3 This conclusion was based on the cumulative experience from three small single-center clinical trials involving a total of only 158 patients. The purported reduction in mortality (reported in only 2/3 trials) was based on 11 deaths among control patients compared with 2 deaths among statin-treated patients. Because of the small numbers, this finding is not particularly robust—if there had been, for example, one less death in the …


During 2009, three alternative teacher retraining programs in English as a Foreign Language, mathematics and biology were launched for the first time in one of Israel's largest teacher education colleges. The programs, which offered varied economic incentives to participants, were initiated by the state owing to shortages of teachers in these disciplines and the economic crisis in the hi-tech industry. After hundreds of candidates responded to the program's advertisement, 90 candidates were accepted and enrolled following rigorous screening. The purpose of the research reported here was to examine the demographic, academic and occupational profiles of the candidates and students in each of the three programs in comparison with applicants and students in traditional teacher education retraining programs. The research population included a total of 611 candidates who had applied to all the teacher retraining programs offered in 2009. The study's findings indicate that not only did the alternative programs make the teaching profession more accessible to potential candidates; they also attracted students with impressive demographic, academic and occupational profiles that varied considerably from the profiles of the students in the traditional programs. Longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to investigate the adjustment, success and retention rates of these new teachers in the educational system.


The invention discloses a medicine for treating female infertility, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines. The medicine is prepared from 25 pure traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has the effects of promoting blood circulation to remove stasis, softening hardness to dissipate stagnation, promoting thrombolysis of obstructed oviduct, repairing tunica intima, regulating internal secretion, promoting development and maturity of ovarian follicle, can be used for treating female infertility caused by endometrium environment imbalance, leucorrhea increase, cervical polyp, intrauterine adhesion, fallopian tube obstruction, ovarian cyst, follicular maldevelopment and other multiple factors. The medicine is reasonable in compatibility, remarkable in drug effect and low in cost, is safe, and does not have side effect.


Arsenic in water can do harm to human health. High arsenic concentrations have been reported recently from the USA, China, Chile, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Mexico, Argentina, Poland, Canada, Hungary, Japan and India. Conventional techniques used for arsenic removal involves oxidation, precipitation, membrane separation. The present study involves the removal of arsenic from wastewater by batch adsorption technique using bentonite. Bentonite contains montmorillonite which has the quality to adsorb inorganic and organic materials. Relying upon arsenic test strip method, the quantity of arsenic was determined after the treatment of 500 ppb arsenic solution with bentonite. Percentage adsorption was determined for bentonite-arsenic solution system as a function of i) contact time, ii) pH iii) temperature iv) mesh size and v) adsorbate dose. Maximum arsenic adsorption was observed at 20 O C at pH 2 and 8. Minimum particle size favors maximum arsenic adsorption. The time taken to maintain equilibrium was 30 minutes. Bentonite is suitable for removel of arsenic from wastewater.


On 25 August 1664 (almost exactly two years before the Great Fire of London) the curator of experiments for The Royal Society in London, Robert Hooke, wrote to the 'father of modern chemistry', Robert Boyle (for whom he did regular work as a paid designer and builder of experimental equipment), at his 'elaboratory' in Oxford, describing some scientific experiments he had carried out for The Royal Society a few days earlier.


In the recent papers by Gusakov et al. (2014b,a) a new scenario describing evolution of rapidly rotating neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries was proposed. The scenario accounts for a resonant interaction of normal r modes with superfluid inertial modes at some specific internal stellar temperatures ("resonance temperatures"). This interaction results in an enhanced damping of r mode and appearance of the "stability peaks" in the temperature – spin frequency plane, which split the r-mode instability window in the vicinity of the resonance temperatures. The scenario suggests that the hot and rapidly rotating NSs spend most of their life climbing up these peaks and, in particular, are observed there at the moment. We analyze in detail possible observational signatures of this suggestion. In particular, we show that these objects may exhibit 'anti-glitches' – sudden frequency jumps on a time scale of hours-months.


-----ABSTRACT Thinking Within and Across is a critique of the human mind as separate from other intelligences, isolated by the project of Modernity and its imprint on science, religion, philosophy and theories of the mind. Sourcing logic models within microbiological systems, art collective Cesar & Lois seeks to work across different intelligences, through what we call a "bhiobrid" (bio-digital hybrid) intelligence—a crossing of human knowledge through books with the pre-human logic of microorganisms and a post-human artificial intelligence. The microbiological intelligence is based in nature and reflects knowledge embodied within whole systems. This type of microbiological knowledge is also endemic to human beings; much of our bodies is host to microbial entities, and those simple microbes interact with complex multicellular networks within the human body. Alternatively, at the forefront of artificial neural networks are attempts to replicate the human brain's processing of electrical signals, resulting in a human-based super intelligence. We look to microbiological logic. also work together as they grow, mapping and corrupting the predatory knowledge frameworks that have consistently driven how humanity interacts with living entities within nature. In outlining the thinking that propelled this integration of intelligences, we frame the capacity for thinking across species and systems within Jason W. Moore's web of life, in which all systems (human and non-human) are connected. As the human participants and Physarum polycephalum become interlocutors across these systems, they become entangled with one another, interacting in new ways. Embodied through entanglement, the merged microbiological and human networks populate Donna Haraway's interspecies worldings.


The process for manufacturing a major type of catalytic converter for exhaust pollution control depends upon the availability of a dimensionally precise honeycomb-like ceramic substrate upon which to plate the catalyst metal. Dimensions are important since the cylindrical shaped substrate is later placed within a rigid stainless steel container where close fit is necessary to prevent "blowby". This paper will present a multiple scanning laser technique which was employed to automatically measure diameter in several planes of the still soft ceramic cylinder during the extrusion process.


The new Urban and Rural Planning Law and Property Right Law bring challenges to the for-mulation and administration of the regulatory detailed planning. This paper analyzes the problems in the regulatory detailed planning by distinguishing the tech-nologies and public policies and provides alternative idea for the improvement the plans. It also suggests establishing regulatory detailed plan making and ad-ministration system with clear rights and responsi-bilities according to the administrative system reform and the requirement of related laws.


Laurence Pope (ed., in collaboration with William S. Brooks), Letters (1694-1700) of Francois de Callieres to the Marquise d'Huxelles, Lewiston, Queenston, & Lampeter, The Edwin Mellen Press, 2004, pp. xxii + 314, hb. £74.95, ISBN: 0-7734-6297-XThe study of correspondences can be one of the most rewarding and illuminating of all areas of seventeenth-century scholarship, and it is still a particularly rich source of unexpected discoveries of all kinds. The monumental editions that have been inaugurated or completed in recent years are making an immense contribution to our understanding of the intellectual life of the century, while throwing into relief quite how much of this vast mass of material, all over Europe, still remains relatively unexplored. It must be said that the greater part of it will always remain the province of the specialist; but as this edition shows, it is still possible to find a largely unpublished sequence with a much wider appeal. The correspondents are distinctive, and very interesting in their own right; there is a clear point of focus to the letters, a series of events of major importance about which the reader gains new insights and perspectives; and the letters themselves are not only informative, but well-written and thoroughly enjoyable to read.Literary scholars know Francois de Callieres (1645-1717) as a typical gentleman amateur of the period: a judicious and well-read member of the Academie Francaise, and the author of a number of works which, although consciously written in minor genres, are witty, skilful and entertaining. For students of diplomacy he is famous as the author of the highly-influential treatise De la maniere de negocier avec les souve-rains (1716), which has almost constantly remained in print in English and in French, and which Harold Nicolson considered the best manual on diplomacy ever written; while in his circle of friends he had the nickname le plongeon, the diving-duck, for his habit of disappearing without warning on some diplomatic mission, often incognito, and then reappearing equally unexpectedly.Prominent among these friends was the Marquise d'Huxelles (1626-1712), a remarkable, highly influential, and still very imperfectly-understood figure. Daughter of the surintendant general des finances Nicolas le (or, as he preferred, 'de') Bailleul, lifelong friend of the Marquise de Sevigne, with whom she shared a youthful reputation for galanterie, twice married and widowed to prestigious figures in the noblesse d'epee, and in her maturity portrayed with rare admiration by Saint-Simon, she was clearly of prime importance in those intellectual circles of the 1690s that, with increasing urgency, looked for alternatives to the sclerotic absolutism of Versailles. Nineteen years older than Callieres, she acted the role of benevolent friend and confidante, even trying, unsuccessfully, to find him a wife.Most importantly, Mme d'Huxelles brings out the best in Callieres as a correspondent. He writes his substantial letters as a relaxation from his often extremely trying diplomatic duties; and while, to her evident frustration, he divulges no - or at any rate few - diplomatic confidences, he writes to entertain and inform this correspondent of unusual intelligence and culture. The personalities involved in these exchanges are particularly sympathetic and engaging, and the reader's growing sense of familiarity with both the writer and, by implication, the recipient contributes a great deal to the pleasure of this book.Seventy-five letters have survived from Callieres to Mme d'Huxelles, dating from 1694 to 1700, but they are not evenly spaced: there is one letter from 1694, one from 1698, and four from 1700; but the vast majority, sixty-nine in all, were written from Holland in 1696-97, during the most intense period of the negotiations that resulted in the Treaty of Ryswick. …


Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without substantial investment in human capital. Education enriches people's understanding of themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education raises people's productivity and creativity and promotes entrepreneurship and technological advances. In addition it plays a very crucial role in securing economic and social progress and improving income distribution.


I present a set of theories which display non-trivial 'tHooft anomaly matching for QCD with F flavors. The matching theories arenon-Abelian gauge theories with "dual" quarks and baryons, rather thanthe purely confining theories of baryons that 't Hooft originallysearched for. The matching gauge groups are required to have an Fpm 6dimensional representation. Such a correspondence is reminiscent ofSeiberg's duality for supersymmetric (SUSY) QCD, and these theories arecandidates for non-SUSY duality. However anomaly matching by itself isnot sufficiently restrictive, and duality for QCD cannot be establishedat present. At the very least, the existence of multiple anomaly matchingsolutions should provide a note of caution regarding conjectured non-SUSYdualities.


The method of testing virtual sections of inhomogeneous thermocouple legs by changing the temperature field along the legs is considered in this paper. The modeling showed that the error of determination of Seebeck coefficients of the virtual sections strongly depends on the errors of the temperature measurements on the endpoints of virtual sections.


This research paper addressed the relationship between Learning Difficulties and Working Memory of a sample of primary students in 10 schools at 4 cities of Cyprus. Students with poor working memory have a low academic achievement, facing difficulties in reading and mathematical thinking. The main objective of the current research is to investigate the possibility of a causative interaction between working memory and the occurrence of learning difficulties in primary school students. Evaluating working memory in students with SLD, the analysis showed that it was significantly lower (p=,000), indicating a strong correlation between working memory and learning difficulties. Specifically, the analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation (p≤.001) between working memory and the variables of digit span, picture memory, pattern memory, grapheme discrimination, phoneme discrimination, and phoneme composition. Adding to the research, the current study stress that in students with learning difficulties the deficits in working memory are in a strong relationship with difficulties in specific types of both Sequence Working Memory and Grapheme-phoneme's Awareness. Article visualizations:


Understanding how to assure adoption continues to be a challenging issue in information systems. Information systems or technologies which are not used cannot be effective. Consequently it is important to understand how individuals decide to adopt or to not adopt a particular system and/or technological innovation. This research seeks to add to our understanding of the systemhechnology adoption process by studying the adoption and utilization of a recently introduced voice mail system. The projected contributions of this research are in three areas. First, this research provides a synthesis of the two competing theoretical foundations underlying previous information systemhechnology adoption studies. Second, a new construct of managerial and practical significance is introduced. Finally, the traditional binary adoption/non-adoption measure is fieplaced with a multinominal measure.


was subject to haemorrhage, lasting often about a week, at the menstrual period. The ordinary astringent measures, internal and external, had been carried out on each successive occasion, but often with very little benefit. In this case, cold water has been circulated continuously five different times, for periods varying from half an hour to six hours, with the result of always checking the bleeding at the time. Twice, however, oozing returned after two or three hours, but at other times it did not recur for several weeks. CASE v.-Martha Q. had haemorrhage recurring at uncertain intervals, and lasting for a week, and occasionally nearly a fortnight; the exact cause could not be ascertained by a careful examination of the uterus and ovaries. Remedies, local and general, having failed, I circulated cold water for an hour, with the effect of at once stopping the bleeding. Next day it recurred, but again ceased immediately after the use of the bag. This time, however, it soon returned, and I thought it advisable to plug the vagina with sponge soaked in glycerine with tannic acid. On the removal of the plug, it reappeared once more, but gradually passed away. CASE vI.-Mary M., aged 40, had disease of the right ovary of many years' duration, attended with much loss of blood at the menstrual periods throughout the last two years; and for several months the discharge had never been entirely away. Cold water was circulated in this case for five hours. Bleeding had entirely ceased when the bag was removed, and did not return till two days afterwards, and then only to a slight extent. The patient said that it was " decidedly less" than previous to the use of the bag. She now left the Hospital. These are all the cases in which I have used this instrument. In the patient Martha Q., the plug on one occasion was apparently more successful in restraining hemorrhage. But plugging, as is well known, is sometimes followed by dangerous symptoms. I had an illustration of that in the patient H. M. On the last recurrence of the bleeding, the bag not being in my possession at the time, I plugged by the means described in Q.'s case; but afterwards she had severe shiverings, vomiting, and great prostration, which I attributed, at least partially, to the absorption of some of the decomposed blood retained by the plug. No unpleasant effect in any case has followed the use of the bag. Besides its beneficial action in such cases as I have described, I am hopeful that this apparatus, or other forms constructed on the same principle, may be found to be of service in gradually overcoming some cases of organic stricture, not only of the vagina, but of other passages also. Its distending power is considerable, and might be increased by employing a longer and wider inlet-pipe. In cases of vaginismus, it seems likely to be useful. Respecting its application: When the object is to stop bleeding, the vessel containing water is raised about two feet above the level of the patient's body, so that, the bag being fully distended, the combined action of pressure and cold is exerted internally. Should we seek to soothe a painful inflamed uterus, no pressure being desirable, the vessel is elevated only a few inches, so far, in fact, as will maintain the circulation of the water. With respect to the other apparatus, I regret?that as yet I have had no leisure to test them in the treatment of disease, except in two cases, which were only imperfectly observed. I have, however, satisfied myself that they work correctly, and are applicable to the objects for which they were designed. A few remarks are called for to indicate the disorders in which they may probably be found useful. I. The Spinal Bag.-Besides its evident suitability for the treatment of ordinary painful and inflammatory affections of the spinal cord and spine, the action of a regulated high or low, or alternately high and low temperature, in such diseases as tetanus, tetany, locomotor ataxy, etc., is worthy of ascertaining. Should it be possible to affect the condition of the sympathetic by cold applications over its course, it may be conveniently done by circulating ice-water through this instrument. I have applied it in a case of slight inflammation of the cord from injury, circulating hot water for an hour. The patient was certainly relieved next day; but to what extent the improvement was due to the continued high temperature it was impossible to determine, as she was receiving other treatment at the same time. 2. Head-Bag. -I was particularly anxious to have a suitable apparatus for the treatment of diseases of the brain, inclusive of insanity, and have devoted much thought and time to its construction. I have long been of opinion that there was considerable probability of benefit being derived from tepid or warm applications in certain forms of cerebral disorder. It is accepted as a pathological doctrine that there are two opposite states of the blood-vessels of the brain-one of anremia, another of hyperamia; so we might anticipate that opposite modes of treatment would probably be of service in conditions so dissimilar. And yet how seldom do we hear of heat being applied to the scalp, by any medium, in affections of the encephalon. Struck by this anomaly, about two years ago, I prescribed warm fomentations to the head in a case of acute insanity. There did not, however, appear to be any material improvement through their action in that case. On thinking over the subject afterwards, it seemed to me that the temperature was too high, being probably from I30 to 140 deg., and had proved exciting rather than soothing to the brain. Although the results were not encouraging, my belief in the soundness of the principle was not shaken. But I felt that it was impossible to apply it with that degree of exactness which is requisite in the use of so powerful an agent, by such means as I had employed, or were then in existence. By this cap, the difficulty is entirely obviated, as any degree of temperature may be maintained as long as is desired. With respect to cold, also, it is, I think, in all respects a far miore convenient and suitable apparatus for its application than the ice-bag, as ice-water may be circulated through it even when the head is resting on the pillow. I would, however, remark that it is very doubtful if real benefit is obtained by the application of a temperature so low as that of ice during a considerable period. The after-effect of a large reduction of heat in a part of the body, or in the system generally, is a reaction to a higher degree than previously to the action of the agent on which the reduction depended. This is illustrated locally in congelation of the skin by ether, and generally by the bath of very cold water. Greater permanent improvement is likely to be secured by a more moderate and prolonged reduction of temperature; and this may be effected by means of these apparatus. In closing, I have only further to observe that I am deeply conscious of the incomplete form in which the subject has been submitted, more especially in relation to the apparatus last described. My apology lies chiefly in the extent of the field to be overtaken. The labours of many inquirers would be required to determine the value of this mode of treatment in the numerous diseases to which it is applicable. I trust, however, that I may have succeeded, at least to some extent, in demonstrating its importance; and I hope, so, that I may have contributed means, however humble, to enable the profession to employ agents whose capacities both for good and evil are great, with that degree of precision which ought always to be aimed at in using remedies of every kind, and through which alone solid and lasting progress can be made in the science and art of medicine.


The invention provides a secondary surveillance radar track extraction method for multimode polling and S-mold roll-calling interrogation. By using the method, false targets under an interference environment can be effectively removed and the accuracy and the real-time performance of the S-mode query are improved. The method is realized through the technical scheme that plot combination is conducted to S-mode plot data which is searched from the same sector of a secondary surveillance radar interrogator, the mean value and the variance of the plot data are calculated, and a real track is initiated after time-space registration; the combined plot data is divided according to the sector characteristic of radar and an associated sector window is created to enter a plot and track processing flow; firstly de-biased measurement conversion is conducted to the associated plot data, a CV (Constant Velocity) model, a CA (Constant Acceleration) model and a current statistical model are combined into a target multi-model, and the interactive input state estimation vector and the variance of each filter under an interactive effect are calculated; interference targets are removed by adopting interference target removing strategies; and unnecessary target files are removed through track management, tracking is ended and a correct target track extraction result of the secondary surveillance radar is given.


A novel and fast prototype‐based approach is presented to design LTCC band pass filters (BPFs) using two reflection zeros for 2.4 GHz WLAN / 2.3 GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access dual‐mode applications. The proposed approach derives quite compact formulas for synthesizing a filter prototype to meet the specification requirements in the passband insertion loss and stopband attenuation. From real‐time prototype simulation prediction, one can efficiently minimize the filter size under various electrical specifications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:8–11, 2014


I air quality and biomass smoke within indigenous communites is an emerging topic of significant public health concern. Wood stove use is highly prevalent within many reservation communities and biomass smoke associated with cooking and heating has been associated with chronic health problems. Studies conducted in rural and Native American communities examining indoor levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have frequently found levels that exceeded current health-based air quality standards. Native elderly populations are particularly susceptible to reduced lung function or chronic conditions such as asthma, COPD, and bronchitis. Research conducted by our team has demonstrated that improving the efficacy of household level interventions (e.g., air filtration units) can reduce indoor exposures to biomass smoke and therefore lead to improved health outcomes. The findings from these interventions and qualitative input from wood stove experts, suggests that education interventions related to demonstrated best-practices in wood stove operation and fuel efficiency can translate to low-cost and sustainable strategies for reducing indoor biomass combustion exposures. This recently funded project is guided by community-based participatory research principles in order to create more effective and culturally centered intervention methods to improve indoor air quality. The household level intervention is coupled with a community level intervention that was developed and initiated by tribal stakeholders. This presentation will provide information about environmental concerns within indigenous communities and describe the initial work to culturally adapt the approaches and initial intervention planning. The presentation will seek to advance knowledge regarding community-based efforts to increase the translational public health impact of indoor air quality educational materials and interventions.


Significance
 EU sanctions from June 24 ban purchases of Belarusian petroleum products and potash fertilisers, though restrictions on the latter are partial. Together with Minsk's retaliatory exit from the EU's Eastern Partnership, they are another step in the seemingly unstoppable deterioration in relations.

 Impacts
 Opposition figures want tougher sanctions; those inside Belarus worry more about economic consequences.
 Refinancing risks will be muted as long as Moscow is prepared to underwrite debt.
 Aside from potash exemptions, sanctions loopholes will be too small to help exporters.


In order to find out the steel industre workers' health conditions and the pattern of the change in this industre, we used the abridged life table to work out the life expectancy. We got the following results: the life expectancy for the steel industre workers in 2000 was 74.02 years, for men was 72.44 years and for women was 75.72 years. The results showed that the level of the steel industre workers' health was significantly improved.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and the rate of ischemic stroke attributed to non‐valvular AF is estimated at 5% per year. Several multi‐center studies established left atrial appendage closure as a safe and effective alternative to oral anticoagulation, but there is a need for additional real world data.


Nanoparticle-based probes have great potential for imaging specific biomolecules in signal distinguishing and amplification via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Protein-specific sialylation plays a key role in the regulation of protein structure and function, as well as in various pathophysiological processes. In this study, we developed fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles with a biocompatible hydrophilic thin shell loaded with plentiful dye and used it as a donor to enhance the FRET imaging of cell-surface protein-specific sialylation. The hydrophobic core decreased the self-quenching of loaded fluorescent molecules, while the hydrophilic thin shell ensured that the nanoparticles remained on the extracellular surface and guaranteed the FRET effect. Thus, the thin-shell polymeric nanoparticles enhanced the FRET imaging of PTK7-specific sialylation on the CCRF-CEM cell surface and showed high sensitivity under drug treatment. This nanoparticle has great potential for elucidating the relationship between dynamic specific glycosylation states and disease processes, as well as for the study of new cell surface imaging methodologies.


The article discusses temperament, anxiety (situational and personal) and psychological protection. For the assessment of temperament was used the questionnaire of V. M. Rusalova. To determine the level of personal and situational anxiety used methods CH. d. Spielberg-Kha-104 nin Yu. L. A study of first-year students NSUEM showed that part of them already belongs to a highly anxious type. In the study of the results of the correlation matrix revealed that there are significant correlation between the individual scales of temperament and psychological types of protection. In the analysis of respondents according to the criterion of the level of personal and situational anxiety was discovered that the correlation between the index psychomotor activity projection and compensation with increasing levels of anxiety is becoming a significant stronger.


Parallel manipulators with a rotation-symmetric arm system possess all the typical advantages of parallel robots, such as high acceleration and high-accuracy positioning. Contrary to the majority of proposed parallel manipulators, the rotation-symmetric arm system leads to a large workspace in relation to the footprint of the manipulator. This paper focuses on a subclass of these manipulators with additional favorable qualities, including low inertia and high eigenfrequencies. These qualities are achieved using only 5-DOF lower arm links and by mounting all actuators on the nonmoving base column of the manipulator. The common feature of all previously proposed manipulators in this subclass is identified and several novel 3-DOF and 4-DOF members are introduced.


IUSM has a large number of junior and mid-career faculty who are responsible for mentoring others (faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and students). Programming efforts focusing solely on the enhancement of foundational skills necessary for one to be a "mentor" the research environment are essential to faculty research success. The overarching purpose of this proposal is to implement a formal mentor training mechanism to enhance the mentoring competency of faculty that manage research groups at all campuses of IUSM with the aim of improving their mentor-mentee relationships. Utilizing established tools from the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN), we will host a facilitator training to assist senior faculty in becoming NRMN Mentor Training Facilitators, carryout the NRMN Mentor Training Curricula with cohorts of junior and mid-career faculty, and develop MyNRMN online learning communities for continued skill development and peer to peer support. While this effort directly targets faculty, its effects will be broad by influencing both the experience of those trained and mentored by the participating faculty and of mentees and the vitality of the IUSM research enterprise. Introduction For faculty researchers, effective mentorship of those working in their research groups is essential to their personal and professional development and success. Mentors directly influence the outcomes of their mentees (Pfund & Handelsman, 2014). Strong mentorship is positively associated with mentee productivity, self-efficacy, and professional satisfaction for both mentor and mentee (Pfund, Byars-Winston, Branchaw, Hurtado, & Eagan, 2016). Mentors are considered successful when they facilitate an exchange of knowledge, transferable skills, and scientific competencies with their mentee to foster the ability of the mentee to meet their own goals (Pfund et al., 2016). Consequently, effective mentorship is also an important predictor of the success of researchers who are in training (postdoctoral fellows and students), thus the mentor and mentee relationship is vital to achieving goals and fostering career development (Bland, Taylor, Shollen, Weber-Main, & Mulcahy, 2009). Those engaged in strong mentoring relationships within research groups are more likely to be retained throughout the professional path whether they be students working towards degrees (Hathaway, Nagda, & Gregerman, 2002) or postdoctoral fellows and junior faculty seeking careers (M, E, & Bd, 2014). Mentors of scientific trainees within the academic sciences are incredibly dependent on their mentees. Faculty mentors count on their mentees to drive their success in the high-stakes scientific environment where faculty are experiencing a decline in success rates to secure independent funding ("NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT)," n.d.). Universities are reliant on faculty and trainees to oversee a comprehensive research enterprise and to gain national and global recognition for success in science and innovation. Faculty lead independent groups of scientists made up of students and postdoctoral fellows. On average, faculty typically lead groups of anywhere from 1 to 10 young trainees in their labs at any given time. Scientific success in the form of discoveries, publications, and extramural research funds depends on the productivity of those trainees. This creates a unique situation in which faculty must balance a fine line between being a boss, and being a mentor. In leading the training of these individuals, faculty must exercise effective communication, align expectations and face challenges when they arise, regularly assess understanding of scientific and transferable skills, adapt to different learning styles, foster an equitable and inclusive environment where everyone can do their best, define and develop independence in trainees, and recognize and promote professional development opportunities for their mentees, all while creating and encouraging the highest quality of research. Though the aforementioned skills come naturally to some, for the vast majority of faculty, effective mentoring is something that must be learned. The IU School of Medicine (IUSM) is the largest school within Indiana University, and is the primary research arm of the University. IUSM is a vibrant research environment with over 574 research faculty, 586 graduate and postdoctoral fellow research trainees and garners over 300 million dollars of research funding. A primary strategic goal of the school is to be ranked 25 among accredited schools of medicine for NIH dollars received. The research program at IU School of Medicine is concentrated on growing research funding through focused investment. Crucial to this goal is the recruitment and retention of research leaders at all levels of training who can enhance Indiana's role in the global research enterprise. With an understanding of the importance of faculty mentoring to this success, the school has established a number of programs aimed at enhancing the professional development of early career professors, with a focus on research development, teaching and funding. Missing from these efforts are programs solely focused on developing the trainee-mentoring skills of both junior and mid-career research focused faculty. With the goal of accelerating the process of becoming an effective research mentor, the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN) has established the curriculum for Mentor Training in the Biomedical Sciences. This curriculum provides faculty research mentors with an intellectual and emotional framework, the opportunity to experiment with various mentoring methods, and a forum in which to solve mentoring dilemmas with the help of their peers. Faculty researchers who participate in the mentor training expand their knowledge as they explore the varied experiences of those within their mentoring community. As participants are training with a group of other faculty research mentors, these individuals are exposed to many diverse mentoring experiences. Further, the format builds a cadre of mentors who are working to enhance their readiness to work with diverse mentees and anticipate new situations (Pfund & Handelsman, 2014). Through the Mentor Training, these faculty researchers develop their ability to articulate their own mentoring approach as they create a toolbox of strategies to draw upon when they reach mentoring challenges in their career. The NRMN's evidence based approach has facilitated a number of scholarly works in an effort to expand our understanding of the development, outcomes, and growing needs of biomedical researchers. The PIs, Gustavo Arrizabalaga, PhD and Tara Hobson, MA are trained in this curriculum and have implemented other NRMN curriculum designs targeted at postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. Purpose and Goals Current Status of IU School of Medicine Targeted efforts to address elements of mentoring have been in place within the IU School of Medicine since 2009, when the Faculty Vitality Survey conducted by the Office of Faculty Affairs and Professional Development (OFAPD) revealed a high need for faculty mentoring. At that time, while 40% of faculty strongly agreed that mentoring is highly important to their academic vitality, nearly one quarter reported a lack of mentorship ("Office of Faculty Affairs and Professional Development Annual Report," n.d.). Since this time, a mentoring task force was created, an online mentoring portal was developed, and a collaboration with the Clinical Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI) established the Independent Investigator Incubator "I" program, which helps to develop successful researchers by providing access one-on-one time and professional coaching from a senior faculty "supermentor". For new faculty and junior faculty, this program provides support services (a professional grant writer, administrative support and a biostatistician) for grant writing, and dedication to research development (during the crucial first three years of their research careers). Nonetheless, programs focused on developing the mentoring and interpersonal communication skills (where they exchange knowledge, transferable skills, and scientific competencies) of junior faculty are still needed. Moreover, there is no organized institutional effort focused on mentoring training and the development of mentoring skills of research faculty once they reach Associate rank and their research efforts are moving to the next critical stage. This is an important gap needing to be addressed, since during this career stage faculty encounter an increase in the number and diversity of the trainees and junior faculty that they directly mentor. Programming efforts focusing solely on the enhancement of foundational skills necessary for one to be a "mentor" are essential to faculty research success. For many of our research faculty, this arguably is the greatest requirement of their career, in that significant time and effort is spent on the development of others. Moreover, their professional success is connected to that of their mentees, thus the effectiveness of these mentor-mentee relationships is key to the success of the school's research enterprise. Despite its critical importance, faculty research mentors at IUSM do not receive formal training to become mentors, but spend a lot of time developing skills through trial and error (of their own or of their peers). Through her role as Director of Graduate Programs and Student Success, Tara Hobson, has engaged in numerous focused discussions with IUSM research faculty of all career levels surrounding preparedness for mentoring research trainees. These focused discussions indicate that, outside of the scientific skill training, many faculty feel unprepared or underprepared for many aspects of their involvement with trainees. Thus, at a period when these relationship-based interactions are critical to setting the tone of their career,


Abstract Today, the improper is not only a philosophical issue; it is also a political question. In particular, striving to abandon the improper is central to the contemporary political agenda in many Western countries. Given the risks of a political agenda abandoning the improper in a proper way and realizing a "closed community," contemporary philosophers such as Roberto Esposito and Jean-Luc Nancy have thought about the relationship between the proper and improper. It is remarkable that Martin Heidegger is an exemplary figure in the analyses of both philosophers. I will analyze Heidegger's line of thought on this issue and how Esposito and Nancy have responded to it. Both Esposito and Nancy state that it is "impossible to abandon the improper in a proper way" in their writings on community. Every proper existence is always marked by impropriety, Nancy and Esposito argue; there is no "original" or "proper" commonality that would liberate us from all things improper. Even before one can appropriate one's property, it is already traversed by the improper. The question "how not to abandon properly the improper?" is in fact one of the imperatives behind their arguments: if indeed the proper is always already, in one way or another, related to or contaminated by the improper, it is indeed an illusion to think we can simply leave the improper behind.


A numerical ice-sheet model was used to reconstruct the Late Weichselian glaciation of the Eurasian High Arctic, between Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya. An ice sheet was developed over the entire Eurasian High Arctic so that ice flow from the central Barents and Kara seas toward the northern Russian Arctic could be accounted for. An inverse approach to modeling was utilized, where ice-sheet results were forced to be compatible with geological information indicating ice-free conditions over the Taymyr Peninsula during the Late Weichselian. The model indicates complete glaciation of the Barents and Kara seas and predicts a "maximum-sized" ice sheet for the Late Weichselian Russian High Arctic. In this scenario, full-glacial conditions are characterized by a 1500-m-thick ice mass over the Barents Sea, from which ice flowed to the north and west within several bathymetric troughs as large ice streams. In contrast to this reconstruction, a "minimum" model of glaciation involves restricted glaciation in the Kara Sea, where the ice thickness is only 300 m in the south and which is free of ice in the north across Severnaya Zemlya. Our maximum reconstruction is compatible with geological information that indicates complete glaciation of the Barents Sea. However, geological data from Severnaya Zemlya suggest our minimum model is more relevant further east. This, in turn, implies a strong paleoclimatic gradient to colder and drier conditions eastward across the Eurasian Arctic during the Late Weichselian.


This article introduces a multidisciplinary skill assessment for learning embedded software development. In the industry, software engineers and mechanical engineers have to communicate with each other, and hence, these engineers need to have multidisciplinary skills. For learning such skills, we need to give an occasion to work with different field students. To this end, we have been organizing a robot contest with embedded software development education. One of the goals of the contest is to inculcate multidisciplinary skills. However, we have not clarified the contribution. Thus, we construct a multidisciplinary skill assessment map based on the experiences gained through these contests. The map consists of (1) integration skill, (2) performing skill, and (3) cross-understanding skill.


[m]ost of us would like to be free of biases, attitudes, and stereotypes that lead us to judge individuals based on the social categories they belong to, such as race and gender. But wishing things does not make them so. And the best scientific evidence suggests that we -all of us, no matter how hard we try to be fair and square, no matter how deeply we believe in our own objectivity -have implicit mental associations that will, in some circumstances, alter our behavior. They manifest everywhere, even in the hallowed courtroom. Indeed, one of our key points here is not to single out the courtroom as a place where bias especially reigns but rather to suggest that there is no evidence for courtroom exceptionalism. There is simply no legitimate basis for believing that these pervasive implicit biases somehow stop operating in the halls of justice.


Abstract : This report describes the details of an algorithm which allows to find an iso-surface for a given three-dimensional property distribution. Input to the algorithm may be a set of scalar values given at regularly spaced grid points. Output will be triangulated polygonal approximation of the iso-surface for a specified property value.


The statistical characteristics of the effects of random mistuning on the forced response of nearly cyclic assemblies is investigated. The Monte Carlo simulation is employed to generate the statistics of the N-DOF(N-degree of freedom) mass-spring model system. The effects of the system parameters on the expected value of the largest and mean amplitudes experienced by the assemblies at any excitation frequency are studied. The results show that weakly coupled systems are more sensitive to mistuning than strongly coupled ones leading a wider range of resonant frequency and an increase in the largest amplitude. But an increase in coupling strength does not necessarily lead to a decrease in the largest and mean amplitudes. Also, the effects of engine order and blade number are both weak in the weakly coupled system but opposite for the strongly coupled system. The damping ratio plays a positive role for suppressing forced response amplitudes in all conditions.


Both wettability and crystallizability control poly(e-caprolactone)'s (PCL) further applications as biomaterial. The wettability is an important property that is governed by both chemical composition and surface structure. In this study, we prepared the PCL/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) blends via successive in situ polymerization steps aiming for improving the wettability and decreasing crystallizability of PCL. The isothermal crystallization of PCL/PVP at different PVP concentrations was carried out. The equilibrium melting point (T), crystallization rate, and the melting behavior after isothermal crystallization were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Avrami equation was used to fit the isothermal crystallization. The DSC results showed that PVP had restraining effect on the crystallizability of PCL, and the crystallization rate of PCL decreased clearly with the increase of PVP content in the blends. The X-ray diffraction analysis (WAXD) results agreed with that. Water absorptivity and contact angle tests showed that the hydrophilic properties were improved with the increasing content of PVP in blends. The coefficient for the water diffusion into PCL/PVP blends showed to be non-Fickian in character. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collection of movable nodes capable of self-routing, constraining energy and decentralized handling of nodes. It faces many challenges due to uncertainty of network topology i.e. security and congestion. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for intrusion detection against attacks such as probing, Denial-of-service (DoS), vampire and User-To-Root (U2R) in a MANET environment. The attack detection has been carried out using a profile (behavior) analysis and a confusion matrix (True positives, True negatives, False positives, False negatives). The performance of a standard Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been reported for all 4 types of attack in a network simulator-2(ns-2) environment. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first paper reporting a novel intrusion detection algorithm using behavior analysis for an AODV protocol in a MANET environment.


The influence of global change on vegetation cover and processes has drawn increasing attention in the past few decades. In this study, we used remotely sensed rainfall and land surface temperature to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern and trend in vegetation condition using NDVI as proxy from 2001 to 2017 in a humid and dry tropical region. We also determined the partial correlation coefficient of temperature and rainfall with NDVI and the response of NDVI to changes in landcover categories due to human activities. We found that the mean annual maximum NDVI was 0.42, decreasing at a rate of 0.06 per decade. About 27.4% of the area was found to have experienced a significant negative trend in vegetation cover, while only 0.34% exhibited significant increasing vegetation vigour. Land surface temperature increased at a mean rate of 0.75°C/decade, with higher rates in agriculture, savanna, settlements, woodlands, and riparian vegetation than in forest and mangrove vegetations. Precipitation also reduced at a mean rate of 58.69 mm/decade, with higher rates in agriculture savanna and riparian vegetation than in sahelian grasslands, mangrove, forest, and woodlands. NDVI was negatively correlated with temperature in savanna, settlements, degraded forest, and sahelian grasslands providing confirmation of ongoing land degradation. It was concluded that vegetation vigour will continue to decline under rainfall and increasing temperature conditions especially in dryer regions. The use of land surface temperature in this study is particularly valuable in highlighting areas where changes in NDVI occurred as a result of synergistic action between climate and human-induced landcover changes. Our findings underscore the importance of landuse policies that account for spatial variation in synergistic relationships between the nexus of climate and land conversion processes that influence vegetation cover change in different landcover types in tropical regions.


This section of the book The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: An Analysis of Treaty Provisions and Implications of U.S. Ratification presents a list of articles in the optional protocol to the convention on the rights of the child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. This book goes beyond the rhetoric of the debate on children's rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in particular, to provide a detailed examination of the impact that U.S. ratification of the Convention would have on U.S. law.Keywords: child pornography; child prostitution; treaty provisions; United Nations Convention


Since it encompasses all facets of life, including health, hope, job, family, environment, and other aspects of daily existence, quality of life is one of the most important factors that may be categorized as a multidimensional term. However, each person's living circumstances might undoubtedly vary, which has an impact on how they perceive their quality of life. This study uses a descriptive survey method to investigate how students who undergo sports education and those who don't see their quality of life differently. It involved purposively selected 245 sports education students and 135 non-sports education students registered as active students admitted in the academic year of 2016-2019 in five (5) universities in Indonesia. All data, collected by using the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life scale, were quantitatively analyzed through the independent sample t-test. The results of the analysis likely prove that, in general, most students perceive a relatively good quality of life though there are differences in the quality of life between both groups. Students majoring in sports, however, have a better perception of quality of life than do non-sports education learners.


The differential resistance of the voltage-current characteristic generated by an isolated phase-slip center in a superconducting tin whisker has been measured down to 50 mK below its critical temperature. As a function of the temperature the differential resistance shows a resonancelike behavior with a maximum at the temperature where charge-imbalance waves excited by the phase-slip center have their maximum decay length, suggesting that the observed maximum of the differential resistance gives experimental evidence for charge-imbalance waves arising from a phase-slip center.


Toinvestigate thepathogenic versustheprotective role ofcytokines andtoxin-binding factors inPlasmodium falciparum infections, we measured theconcentrations oftumornecrosis factor alpha, interleukin-la (IL-la), IL-1,, IL-1receptor antagonist, andIL-6, as well as soluble receptors oftumornecrosis factor andIL-6 (sIL-6R) inserum ofGambianchildren withcerebral malaria, mildor asymptomatic malaria, or other illnesses unrelated tomalaria. Because cytokine secretion may betriggered bytoxic structures containing phosphatidylinositol (PI), we alsomeasured concentrations ofanti-PI antibodies andthePI-binding serum protein beta-2-glycoprotein I.We foundincreased concentrations ofIL-6, sIL-6R, IL-lra, andsome immunoglobulin M antibodies against PIinchildren withcerebral malaria, butthosewhodiedhaddecreased concentrations ofbeta-2-glycoprotein I.We conclude thatincreased concentrations ofcytokines andsoluble cytokine receptors represent anormalhost responsetoP.fakciparum infections butthatexcessive secretion of cytokines like IL-6 may predispose tocerebral malaria anda fatal outcomewhile beta-2-glycoprotein Imay protect against a fatal outcomeofcerebral malaria.


This study examines the effects of wood types and impregnation (procedure types and process time) in performance of window frames corner joint with double tenon. For this purpose, "L corner joint" type samples (number 120) were manufactured by using Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky), oak (Quercus petreaea Lipsky) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Polyvinyl acetate based (two kompenant-D4) adhesive were used to bond tenon and mortise corner joints. The samples were impregnated by using the method of immersion for 20 and 40 min with mixture of wax / linseed oil (3 % paraffin, 10 % linseed oil, 87 % white spirit) and imersol aqua. The diagonal compression test was applied to test samples (determine performance of the window frames corner joint) according to ASTM-D 143–83 1983 standards. Finally, the highest diagonal compression performance was obtained on black locust samples (7480.016 N) with the immersol aqua impregnated for 40 min. The lowest diagonal compression performance was received on oak samples (2572.706 N) which were impregnated in white mixture of wax / linseed oil for 40 min.


The application of composite materials for prosthetic applications is the norm in recent times. Accurately characterizing the principal stresses during tensile testing is therefore essential. The low transverse compressive strength of most composite materials limits high clamping forces during tensile testing. Tabs are consequently critical for cushioning against grip pressure and surface damage. However, tabs tend to introduce induced stress concentrations. In this chapter, the induced stress concentrations are minimized via the optimization of tab design configurations. Stress concentration obtained via finite element analysis were used to develop a full factorial design for statistical analysis and compared with a Taguchi, Taguchi-multi response and Taguchi-genetic algorithm optimizations. It was established that to minimize the stress concentrations, low values of tab stiffness, thickness, and taper angle were required while the adhesive thickness was increased. The Taguchi and hybrid approaches were efficient and reduced the number of simulations from 32 to 8 (75% reduction).


The yearly per capita amounts of protein consumption between China, France, Japan, and the US are compared. Based on human dietary protein requirements and using quantitative methods and a mathematical model, the maximum population that can be supported by China's 9.6 million sq km of land after 2000 is calculated. The mathematical equation used is: ZGB + DBG = H; where ZGB is the ratio of plant protein over total protein required by the body consumed per unit time, and DGB is the ratio of animal protein over total protein required by the body consumed per unit time. H 1 means an excessive, H = 1 a balanced, and H 1 a deficient protein supply. Based on an average per capita daily energy requirement of 2,272 kcal, ZGB, DGB, and H are calculated for China, France, Japan and the US. The values between China and the US represent the extremes, with ZGB = 0.5776, DGB = 0.0813, and H = 0.6589 for China and ZGB = 0.2559, DGB = 0.8266, and H = 1.0825 for the US. Under the same conditions of land mass and unit production, the larger the H and DGB, the smaller a population that can be sustained. Conversely, the smaller the H and DGB, the larger the population that can be sustained. Using the values calculated by this equation, in order for China to attain a dietary level within 100 years comparable to that of the current US level, the Chinese population would have to be controlled to a size of about 680 million. A mathematical model for a balanced diet is given as an appendix.


A method of renovating a facade (F) of the building, comprising the step of moving a robot on the facade (30) of the facade of treatment for successively performing at least two operations which a cleaning operation of the front and least one appendix operation selected from machining of the front and / or a deposition material, based on cement, plaster or earth, a filler or sealing resin, on the facade.


This research developed and tested a filter algorithm that serves to reduce the feature space in healthcare datasets. The algorithm binarizes the dataset, and then separately evaluates the risk ratio of each predictor with the response, and outputs ratios that represent the association between a predictor and the class attribute. The value of the association translates to the importance rank of the corresponding predictor in determining the outcome. Using Random Forest and Logistic regression classification, the performance of the developed algorithm was compared against the regsubsets and varImp functions, which are unsupervised methods of variable selection. Equally, the proposed algorithm was compared with the supervised Fisher score and Pearson's correlation feature selection methods. Different datasets were used for the experiment, and, in the majority of the cases, the predictors selected by the new algorithm outperformed those selected by the existing algorithms. The proposed filter algorithm is therefore a reliable alternative for variable ranking in data mining classification tasks with a dichotomous response.


The paper by Efstratiadis et al. presents a hydrologic model of a river basin that is endowed with the capacity for water resources management integrated in its structure. This particular feature makes HYDROGEIOS a very useful tool in water resources engineering that can be applied to study actual or hypothetical (planned) states of a basin and, as the authors also point out, can serve the objectives of the European Union's Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/CEC as well. The discusser wishes to commend the authors for their work, and also to raise a few issues for which further clarifications are requested of the authors.


Based on considering the impact of advertising on demand, this paper constructs advance selling model to explore the retailer's strategy and gives the optimal decision under the relevant conditions. The research shows that under the influence of advertising on demand, retailers are more willing to pre-sale sale at discount when the number of strategic consumers is higher in the market. The specific scope of advance selling strategy and expected profit is determined by the correlation coefficient of advertising. 考虑广告影响需求的零售商预售策略研究 杨丽君 a,李惠敏 b 江苏科技大学经济管理学院,镇江,212003 firstname.lastname@example.com,email@example.com *杨丽君 关键词:预售策略;广告;需求;零售商;策略型消费者 摘要:本文在考虑广告影响需求的基础上,构建预售模型,探究零售商的预售策略,并给出 相关条件下的最优决策。文中的研究表明基于广告对需求的影响下,策略型消费者较多时零 售商进行折价预售更为有利,而预售策略与期望利润的具体范围由广告的相关系数确定。


A sample of 65 recruiters rated the effect of specific social dialect characteristics on the job interview and rated their perceptions of social dialect speakers.


Introduction Depending on the way of teaching process organization the theory of electromagnetic field is considered either as a part of theoretical electrical engineering or as an individual subject. The electromagnetic field theory plays a double role in the education of electric engineers: comprehensive or specialized one. However, the electromagnetic field can be treated from the other point of view. It can be lectured with pointing out the calculation methods or phenomena occurring in "pure" electromagnetic field, and on the other hand, with reference to phenomena occurring in coupled fields, where those fields are affecting non‐living or having objects.


Abstract Weather reports for the 1970s decade were used to derive the mean annual distributions of surface properties and to compute the surface fluxes of heat over the tropical Pacific Ocean. The net heat flux obtained was greater than other estimates, and there is an annual heat gain by the ocean everywhere between 20°N and 20°S. The amounts and patterns appear plausible when compared with major features of the ocean circulation. The seasonal cycles of sea surface temperature, net heat flux, and wind speed were examined for eight regions; the results suggest that, except off Peru and near the equator, the seasonal variation of surface temperature is caused by variations in surface heat flux.


Interface characteristics with respect to nitrogen-distribution and hydrogen-diffusion behavior were evaluated for two model tunnel oxides nitrided by NO and N2O gas, respectively. Nuclear reaction analysis reveals a different resistance of the two interfaces against the approach by H, which allows us to correlate the characteristic N-distribution of the tunnel oxide with a H-diffusion barrier. From the relation between the interface structure and the electrical properties of the tunnel oxynitrides, we thus propose that the ideal interface structure of reliable tunnel oxynitride features a N-rich H-diffusion barrier layer in front of the oxynitride/Si interface.


This paper describes the use of globally accessible Massive Open Online Courses, MOOCs, for addressing the needs of lifelong learners at community learning centers in Northern Sweden, by the forming "glonacal" or "blended" MOOCs. The Scandinavian "study circle"


Silicon monoxide replicas of the surfaces of air‐dried films are shown which were cast from a Saran latex containing various amounts of plasticizer. It can be observed that the poor films are composed of discrete individual particles while in a continuous transparent film the particles have coalesced into a polymeric mass. Replicas of surfaces of films are shown which were produced from different types of synthetic latices before and after they had been plasticized.


Published in 1801, 'Kruitzner' (together with the eleven other tales comprising 'The Canterbury Tales') was a best-seller in its era. It is still considered to be author Harriet Lee's major literary contribution. 'Kruitzner: Expansion of the frontiers of transgression' highlights how Lee tackled the theme of transgression, and even broadened its limits. Her approach inspired the next generation of authors, influencing the likes of the great Byron in his creation of the byronic hero.


The KaoS spectrometer at the Mainz Microtron MAMI, Germany, is perceived as the ideal candidate for a dedicated spectrometer in kaon and hypernuclei electroproduction. KaoS will be equipped with new read-out electronics, a completely new focal plane detector package consisting of scintillating fibres, and a new trigger system. First prototypes of the fibre detectors and the associated new front-end electronics are shown in this contribution. The Mainz hypernuclei research program will complement the hypernuclear experiments at the planned FAIR facility at GSI, Germany. At the proposed antiproton storage ring the spectroscopy of double Lambda hypernuclei is one of the four main topics which will be addressed by the PANDA Collaboration. The experiments require the operation of high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors in high magnetic fields (B= 1T) in the presence of a large hadronic background. The performance of high resolution Ge detectors in such an environment has been investigated


The article examines various aspects of freedom of movement, including freedom of movement within the Russian Federation and beyond its borders, the right of free and unhindered return to Russian territory of citizens of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic and the timeliness of this study are due to the fact that the freedom of movement of citizens provided for by international legal standards and proclaimed at the constitutional level in the legislation of recent years is increasingly limited. At the same time, restrictions on the freedom under study are established not only by laws, but also by-laws, including those of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that in most cases such a restriction is objective and is due to the realities of the COVID-19 pandemic and the conduct of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine. Measures to ensure the implementation of the norms on restricting freedom of movement are the provisions of administrative and criminal legislation adjusted in 2020-2021, which have toughened liability for violations of restrictive measures. However, citizens and even individual representatives of state authorities do not always positively assess this kind of legislative reform, which gives rise to judicial practice, including appeals to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in which applicants challenge the constitutionality of certain legal provisions and raise the issue of removing them from the legal space. Analyzing the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of different years and the legal positions formulated in them, the author focuses on the subject of consideration of cases in the order of constitutional proceedings, the content of the contested legal provisions, the legal consequences of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.


The scope of family psychological violence legally affirmed should not be wide at present,and should be limited to family member's behavior causing spiritual damage by a direct,positive way. In other cases,family psychological violence can be carried out by an indirect, negative way, with other conditions supporting the auxiliary identification. From the perspective of substantive law,legal intervention in family psychological violence includes mainly taking into consideration the mitigated punishment with discretion in criminal cases and the compensation for damage appropriately in civil cases. From the perspective of procedural law, legal intervention includes mainly the proper leaning on rules of evidence and compensation rules for victims of family psychological violence. There exist some boundaries of the legal intervention in family psychological violence,which include whether the legal intervention is supported by the social morality and the type of the right violated.


We use a natural experiment to investigate the impact of participation constraints on individuals' decisions to invest in the stock market. Unexpected inheritance due to sudden deaths results in exogenous variation in financial wealth, and allows us to examine whether fixed entry and ongoing participation costs cause non-participation. We have three key findings. First, windfall wealth has a positive effect on participation. Second, the majority of households do not react to sizeable windfalls by entering the stock market, but hold on to substantial safe assets—even over longer horizons. Third, the majority of households inheriting stock holdings actively sell the entire portfolio. Overall, these findings suggest that participation by many individuals is unlikely to be constrained by financial participation costs. (JELD14, G11)


Pine wilt disease (PWD) is caused by the pine wilt nematode and is a tremendous threat to coniferous forests. Remote sensing, particularly hyperspectral remote sensing, has been utilized to identify PWD. However, most studies have focused on distinguishing the spectra between infected and healthy pine trees and ignored further visualization of spectral symptoms, which could greatly improve the pre-visual diagnosis of PWD. This research used the false color feature maps (FCFMs) synthesized using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ratio vegetation index (RVI) calculated from selected feature bands to analyze the changes in the spectral and image dimensions of the hyperspectral data. Our main findings were (1) the confirmed feature bands were 440, 550, 672, 752, 810, and 958 nm; and (2) NDVI (810, 440), NDVI (810, 672), NDVI (550, 672), RVI (810, 550), RVI (810, 672), and RVI (550, 672) were suitable to synthesize the FCFMs. As PWD developed, the color of the infected needles changed from blue and white to red on the NDVI-based feature maps and from blue to red on the RVI-based feature maps. Importantly, the color changes were captured by the FCFMs when the symptoms were not visible on the true color images, indicating the ability to identify PWD during the early infection stage.
 Study Implications: Many studies on PWD detection using remote sensing only focus on spectral information but ignore image information. In this article, a method was proposed to comprehensively utilize the spectral and image information of hyperspectral data. In addition, the ground-level imaging spectrometer was used to collected hyperspectral data of lateral branches of infected pine trees, which has rarely been the focus of other remote sensing platforms. This research helps to identify PWD as early as possible and thereby reduces the damage of PWD to pine forest resources.


Tomato had been used in coconut oil production. Lycopene and other nonpolar antioxidants of tomato cansolve in the oil. The aims of this study were to determine the composition of fatty acid of coconut oil atseveral tomato extract concentrations, heat temperatures and storage times. In this study, theconcentrations of tomato extract in milk coconut were varied (0, 10, 20, 30,40, 50% (v/v) or the ratiobetween tomato extract and milk coconut were 0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5). After that, the highestrendemen coconut oil that yielded from treatment of tomato extract concentrations was heated at severaltemperatures (40, 60, 80, 100, dan 1200C for 1 hour, and room temperature), also it was kept for onemonth (1, 2, 3, 4 weeks). Every oil treatment was measured the composition of oil fatty acid with GC. Inconclusion, in all treatments of tomato extract concentrations, the highest fatty acid component in coconutoil was lauric acid, followed by myristic, caprilic, capric, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and stearic acid. Theheating of the oil over 60OC decreased the composition of medium chain fatty acid and increased thecomposition of long chain fatty acid. The storaging of the oil containing tomato extract after three weeksincreased the composition of medium chain fatty acid and decreased the composition of long chain fattyacid.


AbstractThe existence of psychological contracts (PC) in construction procurement is examined. Specific objectives are to identify the presence of the PC in construction project teams and catalogue...


Introduction: The optimal treatment for acute thoracolumbar burst fractures remains controversial, particularly in the patient with minimal or no neurologic deficit. While this group could be treated conservatively, at Burwood we prefer to utilise short segment instrumented stabilisation. We wished to review the indications for surgical intervention and the outcomes in this group with emphasis on safety, rate of rehabilitation, function, and pain levels. Methods: The clinical notes and X-rays were reviewed for 34 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures with minimal or no neurologic deficit, and treated by Dick fixator between August 1995 and September 2001. A questionnaire was mailed to all patients. Results: At presentation this group had a mean age of 30.7 yrs (range 16–59), mean kyphotic deformity (Cobb method) of 16.1°, decrease in vertebral body anterior height of 40.9%, and decrease in canal area of 41.2%. Operative fixation was successful in greatly improving both height and kyphosis. No major complication such as metal-ware breakage, thromboembolism, deep infection, or neurologic deterioration was encountered. Average operating time was 71 min, time to discharge was 8.4 days, except where an associated injury limited mobility (17.1 days). Questionnaires were returned by 29 of 34 patients at a mean of 3 years post-injury. All of these had returned to work or usual level of activity at 14.3 weeks (4–36 wks). Pain was experienced never or occasionally by 18 (62%), in relation to activity by 9 (31%), and on most days by 2 (7%). The average visual analog pain score was 2.1/10. No patient required regular or opioid analgesia. Discussion: This form of operative fixation appeared to benefit this group of patients by allowing rapid rehabilitation with early mobilisation, discharge, and return to work. Pain frequency and severity were both low at medium term follow up and no major complication was encountered.


The Montara and Macondo oil spills by their unexpectedness and proximity in time have significantly changed the understanding on how oil spills occur and impact our society and environment. While spills from maritime transportation have a fixed volume, upstream spills can continue unabated until relief efforts are successful. Transportation oil spills have been subject to major scrutiny and initiatives over the last 25 years yet little attention has been given to the specific preparedness and response issues of an upstream incident. Globally, our industry faces increasing regulatory oversight due to environmental concerns as the search for new reserves moves into deeper water in more sensitive and often remote environments. The onus is on industry to demonstrate a preparedness and response capability that is sufficiently robust and adequate to deal with a well control incident and that not just meets but exceeds government and community expectations. E&P Operators are now preparing and responding to upstream well control incidents in a much different way. In terms of preparedness, this includes greater engagement with regulators through the planning 'life cycle', exercises that better integrate national a nd international resources and ongoing strengthening of ICS (Incident Command Structure) capability internally. For response, the activation of resources is occurring more quickly, is more extensive and the resources are being maintained on location for a longer period. Technology is being used to better monitor the status and fate of a spill as well as providing frequent updates to regulators and media. This presentation will provide an overview of the oil industry's response to Macondo and Montara with case studies to demonstrate how changes are occurring in practice.


Background medical studen hood. This stud Methods: A interviews wer and the credibi Results: Dat and nine sub-ca Conclusion: principles of ef and hidden curr


The teaching resources library's construction should take educational demand as the premise, the system theory as the instruction, follows national technical specifications, and realizes the resources opening and sharing in the wider range. Based on the above ideas, combined with the actual situation of Logistics profession with port navigation characteristic in Zhejiang International Maritime College, the article makes some preliminary discussions on the teaching resources library's construction of Logistics profession in our school from construction significance, design idea, classified content and construction method.


nineteenth century. A healthy skepticism is introduced early and maintained throughout the work: &dquo;Even if contemporaries are agreed on something, we cannot be sure that they were right&dquo; (pp. I 1 ). He further adds that the proper locus of comparison is not twentieth-century Britain or America or the industrialized segment of the world, but, indeed, those areas of the world now undergoing industrialization and urbanization, as was Britain during the nineteenth century. Tobias' principal thesis is that crime showed a manifest upswing roughly during the first half of the nineteenth century, but that it declined markedly over the remaining


This paper reports on the strategy for the selection of an appropriate knowledge sharing tools based on several aspects. The author was adapted the strategy proposed by Volksen (Volksen 1993). There are four steps in this strategy namely as: (i) Defining task and preconditions requirement; (ii) Identifying functional requirement profile; (iii) Identifying functional requirement profile; and (iv) Selecting tools and products. The purpose of this strategy is to determine the most suitable knowledge sharing tools based on the performed task and certain precondition according to the special children context. Seven preconditions or issues have been indentified. There are (i) Functional criteria; (ii) Technical criteria; (iii) Application criteria; (iv) Usability and ergonomics; (v) Scalability; (vi) Content and (vii) Other criteria. Those preconditions are depending on a community needs. There is not necessary to use the entire criteria. Each precondition is divided into several numbers of sub-criteria. In order to represent functional requirement profiles and tools profiles, matrices presentation is used. These matrices are used to ensure the selection of knowledge sharing tools is equivalent to fit certain environment and also satisfied a community needs. The result shows that the selected strategy yields a number of benefits that include the identification of ways to enhance knowledge sharing practice among special children community. Moreover, the requirement can be used as a pillar in the development of knowledge sharing framework. This framework can be used as a guideline for effective knowledge sharing. Subsequently, recommendations can be derived for better knowledge sharing systems as a communication medium among special children community. General Terms Management, Human Factors


This research is aimed to observe the relation of loneliness with Smartphone addiction. This research used survey methodology with quantitative approaches. The population of this research are smart phone users with sample those users in Jakarta amount of 100 respondents with age range from 16 to over 30 years old. The instrument used to measure the loneliness in this research is Russel instrument and the instrument used to measure Smartphone addiction is the instrument that modified from Zahrani's instrument which refers to Griffiths Theory. The sample collected with accidental sampling. The result of this research shows that there is no significant relation between loneliness with Smartphone addiction, with r value about 0,175 and P>0, 05.


Reinforced concrete (RC) structures not only consume a lot of resources but also cause continuing pollution. However, sustainable design could make RC structures more environmental-friendly. One important index for environmental impact assessment is embodied energy. The aim of the present study is to optimize the embodied energy and the cost of RC beam subjected to the blast loads. First, a general optimization procedure was described. Then, the optimization procedure was used to optimize the embodied energy and the cost of RC beams. Optimization results of the cost and the embodied energy were compared. It was found that the optimization results were influenced by the cost ratio (ratio of price of steel to price of concrete per unit volume) and the embodied energy ratio (ratio of embodied energy of steel to embodied energy of concrete per unit volume). An optimal design that minimized both embodied energy and cost simultaneously was obtained if values of and were very close.


Federal surface mining regulations require that land disturbed by surface mining be restored to a productive state capable of supporting preexisting land uses. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations are a widespread reclamation land use in East Texas; however, the productivity of these plantations compared with that of those on unmined lands is not well documented. We quantified the current site qualities of loblolly pine plantations on two mines (Beckville Mine and Oak Hill Mine), which differ in the method of overburden replacement. Substituting mixed overburden for topsoil (done at the Beckville Mine) generally results in no distinction of original soil layers after reclamation, whereas removing and mixing the premining upper, oxidized soil layers for topsoil in the postmining reclamation areas (done at the Oak Hill Mine) creates some stratification. Nonlinear modeling of stem analysis data indicated that the current site indices are 61.1 and 61.9 ft at 25 years for the Beckville Mine and Oak Hill Mine, respectively. The current site indices (postmining) for each mine did not differ statistically from approximated premining site indices nor was height statistically different between premining and postmining at any age. The two mine sites did not statistically differ. These results suggest that mineland reclamation on these mines has successfully restored premining levels of forest productivity.


Fluxes of N 2 O and CH 4 were measured monthly from 1990 through 1992 along a topogradient in a spruce forest (Picea abies L.), beech forest (Fagus silvatica L.), riparian grassland, coastal grassland, abandoned farmland, upland arable soil, and drained arable soil in Denmark. Spatial coefficints of variation (CV) in N 2 O emissions ranged between 106 and 617%. A consistent spatial pattern occurred across a temporary flood water boundary in the coastal grassland. Although inorganic N levels were low at this site, N 2 O emission rates compared with those at the N-fertilized sites. Maximum N 2 O emission generally occured in the spring and autumn. Spatial CVs in CH 4 fluxes ranged between 166 and 1787%, and consistent spatial patterns were found at the riparian and coastal grassland sites where CH 4 was produced in temporarily flooded areas at rates of 7877 and 112 mg C m -2 yr -1 , respectively. Uptake, as well as emission of CH 4 , reached maximum rates when soils dried up, presumably because CH 4 diffusion became unconstrained. Annual site means of N 2 O emission were inversely correlated with CH 4 uptake, and were 77 and 91 mg N and C m -2 in the spruce forest, 80 and 37 mg N and C m -2 in the beech forest, 66 and 69 mg N and C m -2 in the riparian, 124 and 7 mg N and C m -2 in the coastal grassland, 26 and 80 mg N and C m -2 in the abandoned farmland, 361 and 22 mg N and C m -2 in the upland arable, and 467 and 11 mg N and C m -2 in the drained arable. In this study, spatial variability in trace-gas fluxes was high and poorly explained at all sites. The results suggest large-scale integrative measurement techniques are necessary to obtain accurate flux estimates of N 2 O and CH 4 from these ecosystems.


The present selection of contents presents the traditionally recognized paradigms, and points to indicate the validity of the category of "speech" to found a new theoretical model of (social) education. That is to say, it tries to show how such a category opens a different place in the fi eld to discipline that us concierne, allowing the emergency of a new formulation. To fi nish, we will apply these considerations in the analysis of a notion that turns out to be like indisputable: that of prevention.


My 1992 Hamlyn Lectures, 'Speech and Respect', addressed the fundamental problem that communication, which makes us human and constructs society, also can inflict some of the greatest harms emotional, reputational, economic, and political on both individuals and collectivities.' I considered and rejected the two extreme responses to this problem: state regulation and what I called civil libertarianism. The latter position, typically an American fetishising of the important values underlying the First Amendment, takes the absolutist view that the state may neither favour nor limit speech. I offered a number of criticisms. First, even purists concede a large number of ad hoc exceptions: defamation, invasion of privacy, tort liability for intentional infliction of emotional distress, misrepresentation, professional advertising and solicitation, promotion of dangerous products (such as tobacco), obscenity and pornography, and criminal conspiracy and attempt. Governments limit speech in moments of heightened political fervor, especially in wartime. During the Persian Gulf War the California Department of Motor Vehicles recalled the vanity license plate '4 Jihad' until the car owner produced a birth certificate showing that his son's name was Jihad. Governments are obsessed with secrecy, broadly proscribing what their employees can say. The United States Department of Health and Human Services prohibited an Assistant Secretary of Health from testifying about the ill effects of American tobacco exports. Governments limit political activity by civil servants and members of the military. They silence aliens through exclusion and deportation. As publishers of printed matter, producers of films, and owners of radio and television stations, governments determine or influence content. The United States Office of Personnel Management deleted six pages on contraception and adolescent sexuality before distributing 275,000 copies of a childcare manual to federal employees. Government threatens dissident speakers through investigators and police. The FBI interrogated a British scientist about his visa status when he had the temerity to testify for the defence that DNA 'fingerprinting' was scientifically unreliable. Government uses security clearance and funding for scientific research to frighten critics. The United States of America threatened to prosecute an MIT professor who


Before Tankunneung(檀君陵)'s excavation in 1993, the academic world of North Korea explained Kochosun's history using archeological data. The current of Kochosun's culture was mainly changed from Mandolin shaped bronze daggers to Narrow shaped bronze daggers, and the cultural center was also changed from Liaoning Provence to a party of Liaodong-North east Korean territory. So, the large part of Kochosun's inheritance was the culture of Mandolin shaped bronze daggers that was presence in Liaoning Provence, especially Liaodong and a part of North east Korean territory. For example, it is important heritages that were Misongni type earthenware culture in Liaodong and Mandolin shaped bronze daggars culture in Shenyang Zhengjiawazi (鄭家窪子) and Liaoyang Aldaohezi (二道河子). Especially, more than hundred cremated human bones were excavated at Gangsang tomb (崗上墓) and Lusang tomb (樓上墓) in Lyushun city (旅順市). Therefore Liaodong peninsula is estimated the center of Kochosun. Recent times, the academic world of North Korea is received the Tangun and the Tangunchoson based on the Tankunneung found in 1993 and insisted that ancient country called Kochosun was existence around Pyongyang 5000 years ago. And Kochosun in Korean peninsula had been continuously being the tradition by Nangnang feudal lord, in spite of made inroads into Liaodong by Han (漢). So, the academic world of North Korea explain but at Daedong river, cultural inheritance of Kochosun and Nangnang, not at Liaoning Provence. Wanggumseong(王儉城), the royal castle of Kochosun is treated as Hwangdae castle in Pyeongyang and around there. And when people lived in period of Tangun, the largest community was Pyodae relics near Pyongyang, the sovereign who lived there, had strong rights to bury living slaves with the dead in a dolmen and stone cist tombs (石棺墓).


We have developed and tested a direct-sampling RF receiver capable of measuring the amplitude of a 1497 MHz sinusoidal signal in 0.5 ms integration windows to within < 10 ppm relative uncertainty. The receiver is intended for measuring signals from beam current monitoring cavities on the beamline of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory. The signal strength, frequency, and integration window are consistent with the thus far unmet requirements of the upcoming MOLLER experiment to measure the beam charge for different helicity states. 1Corresponding author. 2Currently at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA ar X iv :2 11 0. 09 57 5v 1 [ ph ys ic s. in sde t] 1 8 O ct 2 02 1


The actinomycetes in water samples and bottom sediments of lowland, eutrophic lake as well as in soil (farmland, sandy) of the lake basin were studied. Chitin-degrading actinomycetes were isolated (with a plate technique) from each habitat; subsequently, their chitinolytic activity (with the fluorometric method) was determined in relation to temperature (10–50°C) and the physical type of chitinous substance (colloidal chitin, chitin powder, and shrimp shells). This study demonstrated that actinomycetes were the most abundant in soil samples (average of 18 × 103 CFU g-1 in farmland soil, 9 × 103 CFU g-1 in sandy soil), and the least abundant in water samples (average of 2.7 × 101 CFU mL-1 in lake water at neutral pH, 0.6 × 101 CFU mL-1 in lake water with alkaline pH). The highest percentage of chitinolytic actinomycetes was observed in soil (average of 80% in sandy soil and 85% in farmland soil). Chitinolytic actinomycetes also made up a large fraction of total actinomycetes in water samples (average of 73%). In silt and sandy sediments, percentages of chitinolytic actinomycetes equaled 23 and 15%, respectively. Actinomycetes collected in soil were characterized by the highest activity (average of 14 nmol MUF mg-1of protein h-1 in farmland soil, 8.5 nmol MUF mg-1protein h-1 in sandy soil). The lowest activity was observed among benthic actinomycetes (average of 5.4 nmol MUF mg-1of protein h-1 in silt, 0.65 nmol MUF mg-1protein h-1 in sandy sediments). The impact of temperature and the type of chitinous substrate on the activity of chitinases produced by actinomycetes demonstrated that their activity peaked at 40°C and in the presence of colloidal chitin. Observed differences in actinomycetales number and activity in the lake and the soil may be explained by higher accumulation of chitin substances in the soil. This polymer allows microorganisms to continually synthesize chitinolytic enzymes and take active part in that compound decomposition.


Sweet corn is a variant of ordinary corn and it's also a kind of special-use corn with high nutritional value and greater exploitation.In order to clarify the status and development trend of Chinese sweet corn breeding,the history,types and breeding methods were explored and the problems and development trend in breeding and production were noted based on the review of research progress and breeding achievements of sweet corn at home and abroad.


According to the liquefaction mechanism of soil,the mechanism of liquefaction-induced large deformation was divided into two types:the accumulated deformation caused by dilatation action of soil under cycle loading,and the flow deformation caused by the rise of pore water pressure and the decay of soil strength.The physical mechanism of the two types was discussed.The precast and analytic methods of liquefaction-induced large deformation of soil were summarized,and the research advance was commented.Finally,differences and disputes on the study of liquefaction-induced large deformation of soil were pointed out.A hypothesis showed that the pore water pressures gradient existed in soil during liquefaction promoted the soil flow,and several typical phenomena of liquefaction-induced large deformation of soil were explained.


Clinicians are keenly aware that failing to recognize physical abuse could end up costing a child's life: Abused children who sustain head injuries, however, can be asymptomatic. But how aggressive are doctors, and how aggressive should they be, in evaluating young children for occult head trauma …


In order to evaluate the problems and outcome of prema ture deliveries, 52 preterm babies were followed-up during a pe riod of three years. The babies were encountered for catch-up growth, neurodevelopment, anemia, osteopenia, retinopathy of prematurity, hearing-loss, intracranial hemorrhage and causes of rehospitalization during this period. The results were reviewed according to the recent literature.