In a review of " Ecce IIomo," at the time that book was first published, in 1868, Mr. Gladstone, speaking of the Christian incarnation, and justifying its consonance with truth and reason, illustrated his point by saying: "The old mythology of Greece, casting off the worship of the elements to the right, and animal worship to the left, had for its central figure, in a carnal way, that very idea which the Gospel was to revive in a spiritual way: namely, what is called anthropomorphism, or the humanizing of its gods, with the counterpart of an equally established deification of its heroes." Recognizing the general truth here stated, and also that one may well hesitate in offering to criticise what Mr. Gladstone may say, it is still fairly a question whether in the sentence quoted lie uses language with sufficient exactness. Is it not too much to say that the anthropomorphism of the Greek mythology, or any other mythology, is " the very idea which the Gospel was to revive in a Christian way."


This motivation of this research is about students' understanding of mathematical concepts that are low.  The students are lazy to give questions and opinions that the material is least understood. This is looked from the result of students' mathematics learning at class VIII MTsN Tarusan. The purpose of this research is to know students' understanding of mathematical concept that applay active learning model type trading places which is more good than students' understanding of mathematical concept that applay convensional learning at class VIII MTsN Tarusan. The type of this research is experiment research with random sampling. The data analysis uses uji t,  and = 1,645. Because of . Thus, the hypothesis in this research is accepted. In briefly, student' understanding of mathematical concept use active learning model type trading places  which is more good than students' understand of mathematical concept by using conventional learning at class VIII MTsN Tarusan.


This paper aimed at analysing the issue of prostitution as an act of will and pleasure or push factor based on extreme necessity. The study is conducted focusing on the character of Lady Roxana. She was an abandoned woman with her five kids who was obliged to become a prostitute in the 17th century British society. Prostitution and the quest of easy life has been the solution she found in her hopelessness situation. This paper does not aim at praising prostitution, neither at condemning Roxana but rather, to show the realities women faced in life. Feminism and sociological criticism have been used to complete this research paper. As result, I found that, marital life is not easy and the living environment has a great influence on individual's lives. Today we notice that women conditions improved compared to the Victorian area. They are more and more active and are no more considered as the weak sex.


The Den Hartog method is one of old, but efficient methods for the design of tuned mass damper (TMD) systems for passive control vibrations in buildings subjected to earthquake excitations. However, Den Hartog, in his model, did not include the main mass (structure) damping in deriving the equations for computing the optimum design parameters for the TMD system (damping and frequency ratios). In this work an attempt is made to generalize the Den Hartog method to include the effect of the structure damping in the derived equations. The dynamic equations for a TMD system attached to SDOF structure with damping are derived. Then, using the complex numbers technique, the equation for maximum displacement of the structure when subjected to harmonic excitation is derived. A numerical optimization technique is used to compute the optimum values of TMD parameters that will minimize the maximum displacement of the structure. Finally, the curve fitting procedure with trial functions is used to obtain equations for computing the optimum frequency ratio and optimum damping ratio for a TMD system.


Near range microwave imaging techniques have broad applications in the field of concealed weapon detection, biomedical imaging, non-destructive testing, etc. Imaging systems using monostatic arrays require either a large number of antennas or a mechanical scan servo-control system. In this paper, a near filed imaging system operating at Ka band with multistatic orthogonal array is introduced, which would greatly reduce the number of T/R modules and improve the stability for system operation. Furthermore, the imaging reconstruction algorithms based on digital beam formulation (DBF) is described. The imaging results of both measurements and simulations are presented and have shown good agreement.


The Early—Middle Jurassic strata in Northwestern Hebei even though has been researched for a long history, but t is still different with that in western Beijing (in the same region——Yanshan orogenic belt) as to the specific division and correlation. The strata in Northwestern Hebei area are divided into Nandaling Formation, Xiahuayuan Formation, Jiulongshan Formation,Tiaojishan Formation and Houcheng Formation while in the western Beijing area the strata that is considered the same layer to the Xiahuayuan Formation are divided into Yaopo Formation and Longmen Formation. Writers consider that,there is also the Longmen Formation in Northwestern Hebei area, the same layer to that in western Beijing, which are used to be considered as a part of the Xiahuayuan Formation or the Jiulongshan Formation. Writers also find that the Xiahuayuan Formation still contains a part of the Nandaling Formation. In this paper,the conclusions of a re-division are as follows: the Lower Jurassic Nandaling Formation, the Middle Jurassic Xiahuayuan Formation, Jiulongshan Formation,Tiaojishan Formation and Houcheng Formation, and they can be completely correlated with those in western Beijing area. These conclusions are very important to the establishment of the Early—Middle Jurassic stratigraphic framework and the study of the tectonic evolution in the Yanshan region.


The conversational analysis and gender difference is a fundamental area of research in sociolinguistics dealing with gendered difference of language, identity, diversity of relations, patterns and practices (Lakoff 1975, 2004, Spender 1980, Freeman & McElhinny 1996, Coats 2004). The present research examined the gender differences with reference to turn taking phenomenon in more detail. The aim of the research is to provide empirical evidence regarding gender difference stereotypes; to what extent these stereotypes and assumptions are accurate. According to Victoria De Francisco (1977; Coats 1998: 120-121) females have more curiosity to take turn in conversation while men stick to their own point, remain silent, and rejected the offer of turn taking. This supports the assumption that women are more talkative then men. However, resent research opposed this assumption that women are more talkative (Mehl, M. R., Vazire, S., Ramírez-Esparza, N., Slatcher, R. B., & Pennebaker, J. W. 2007). Different models have been used in turn-taking including homogenous and heterogeneous conversation, some researchers appreciated these models and few of them criticized these models regarding their methodology. The present study analyzed turn taking in three types of conversational models: male to male conversation, female to female conversation and in cross-sex conversation, and further compared the difference in radio, TV and casual conversational models. Results indicate that women are more likely to take turns in conversation which supports the proposal that women's greater turn taking rates can be attributed to interpersonal sensitivity rather than lack of assertiveness (Leaper, C., & Robnett, R. D. 2011).


As access to antiretroviral drugs increases in developing countries, it will become increasingly important to monitor the emergence of resistance and to define the molecular pathways involved to identify optimal therapeutic regimens.


The invention discloses a composite material mould with a reinforcing structure and a preparation method thereof. The composite material mould with the reinforcing structure comprises a mould casing, wherein a criss-cross #-shaped reinforcing structure is arranged on the mould casing, and is provided with a foam core material; a plurality layers of glass fiber reinforced plastics formed by uniaxial glass fiber cloth are laid on the surface of the foam core material; as the criss-cross #-shaped reinforcing structure is additionally attached onto the mould casing, the composite material mould has the benefits that the mould casing is not subjected to bending deformation, and the stability performance of the mould casing is improved; in addition, the criss-cross #-shaped reinforcing structure is adopted to enable various vertical and horizontal components to be mutually controlled and supported, so that the performance of the mould is enabled to be reasonably controlled; the foam core material has no strength, and plays a role in supporting the reinforcing structure; a plurality layers of glass fiber reinforced plastics formed by uniaxial glass fiber cloth are laid on the surface of the foam core material.


The Fermi Large Area Telescope data has provided evidence for a high-intensity emission of high-energy gamma rays with a E−2 spectrum from two large bubbles above and below the Galactic Center. Hadronic mechanisms were proposed for this gamma-ray emission making the Fermi bubbles promising source candidates of high-energy neutrino emission. In this work preliminary simulation results regarding the detectability of high-energy neutrinos from the Fermi bubbles with the future multi-km3 neutrino telescope KM3NeT are presented.


Different cinchona derivatives were tested as chiral mobile carriers for enantioselective transport of D,L-phenylglycine and D,L-phenylalanine through a bulk organic liquid membrane (BLM). The effects of several parameters such as carrier nature, membrane solvent, buffer, solute and carrier concentrations on BLM enrichment were evaluated. Only D,L-phenylglycine is subjected to enantioselective transport at a certain degree; the maximum enantioselectivity ratio (the initial transport rates of the L-enantiomer relative to the antipode) was reached by employing O-allyl-N-(9-anthracenylmethyl) cinchonidinium bromide as carrier. In all cases the highest selectivity was observed during the initial stages of the process, indicating the rate of amino acid release from the source phase (SP) to the membrane organic phase (MP) as the driving factor. Chiral enrichment appeared to depend on thermodynamic factors more than on kinetic ones, since the complex formation was observed at (SP)/MP) interface, while complex decomposition was evidenced at (RP)/(MP) interface, where RP is receiving phase. The last phenomenon was promoted by H+ ions present in the RP.


Objective:To investigate the functional prognosis of early physical therapy (PT) applied to acute stroke patient.Method:Eihgt two acute stroke patients,were randomly devided into two groups.42 of them were in the physical therapy group,and the control group had 40 patients. The criteria of patients selection was based on the National Conference of Cerebral Vascular Diseases in 1995.The start time of early physical therapy depended on stablity of the physical signs, plus 48 hours after symptoms stopped to develop, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was greater than 9.Fugl Meyer Assessment was used for body movement ability and Functional Independence Measure(FIM) was used for the level of disability.The treatment group was treated with Bobath′s and motor relearning programme(MRP) method for physical therapy.The control group received no physical therapy.Result:(1) The score of Fugl Meyer and FIM improved significantly(P0 01) between pre training and post training in the treatment group. The score of motor function and Functional independence increased in the control group,but the degree of improvement was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the controls(P0.005). The ability of self care and transfer improved greater in FIM with PT.(2)The Incidence of secondary disability was zero in the treatment group and 27.5% in the controls (5 of the Shoulder Hand Syndrome,2 with the subluxed shoulder,3 with pneumonia and 1 with bedsore).Conclusion: Early physical therapy is very important in accelerating recovery of motor function,improving the ability of ADL and quality of life,and preventing secondary disability. Author′s address\ Dept. of Rehabil,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University of Medical Sciences,Guangzhou,510080


In order to explore the underlying reasons for this sovereign debt crisis in developed countries,this paper constructs a dynamic panel data model and a semi-parametric panel data model with adummy variable to test and analyze econometrically the correlation between hollow real industries and government leverage rate and its transmission mechanism by the panel data of sixty countries or regions from 2001 to 2010.The empirical results show that there is significantly negative correlation between the percentage of real industries in GDP and government leverage rate,which is transmitted by its effects on real growth rate of GDP,the percentage of budget revenues in GDP,unemployment rate and the percentage of the balance of current account in GDP,especially in financial crisis.At last,it gives relevant policy suggestions according to the conclusions abovementioned and the real situation in China.


Johnston R. J. (1971) Regional development in New Zeland: The problems of a small yet prosperous ex-colony, Reg. Studies 5, 321–331. The initial development of New Zealand's regional pattern is outlined, highlighting the fragmented nature of the country and the system of regionally primate centres which emerged. Industrial growth within that regional framework is then outlined, emphasizing the scattered distribution of primary-processing export industries but the centralization of all others. Recent changes in the regional employment structure are assessed using employment data for 51 categories over 23 districts, via principal components and shift and share analysis. Results indicate a polarization of development around Auckland, and the final discussion is concerned with the future of this trend and its possible correction.


This work's topic is automating a pumping system. Control system hardware and software were designed to maintain proper functionality. Software simulation was succesfully performed on the control system software. Work includes description of all used hardware and software.


We exploit strong chromatic dispersion of metasurfaces by combining it with computational imaging to enable compact, single-shot, large field-of-view, and passive 3D imaging. We employ a dielectric metasurface with interleaved RGB meta-elements in this demonstration.


This work will focus on analyzing the Korean verb, mac 'to be hit', which is the suppletive passive form of ttayli 'to hit', within the framework of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993). In addition, this work will demonstrate the morphology-syntax mismatch between mac and the usual i/hi/li/ki-type of passive form used in Korean: mac and the i/hi/li/ki-type of passive form show the same syntactic patterns, whereas they are realized in distinct morphological structures. With the goal of explaining this mismatch, we will provide a postsyntactic morphological operation known as fusion proposed by Halle & Marantz (1993, 1994).


After three hot years, the market for biotech company stocks cooled this past summer. As a result, the wave of initial public offerings (IPOs) that began early in the year quickly ebbed by late fal...


In this paper, we propose a new approach for quantification of 'dynamical regularity' as applied to modeling human actions. We use approximate entropy-based feature representation to model the dynamics in human movement to achieve temporal segmentation in untrimmed motion capture data and fine-grained quality assessment of diving actions in videos. The principle herein is to quantify regularity (frequency of typical patterns) in the dynamical space computed from trajectories of action data. We extend conventional ideas for modeling dynamics in human movement by introducing multivariate and cross approximate entropy features. Our experimental evaluation on theoretical models and two publicly available databases show that the proposed features can achieve state-ofthe-art results on applications such as temporal segmentation and quality assessment of actions.


Abstract:The earliest alchemical texts have an Egyptian provenance and date to the Roman period. Surprisingly little attention is given to the socio-cultural contexts of the craftsmen who produced them. This paper argues that alchemy originated in the Egyptian priesthood among temple metallurgists who were responsible for making cultic objects. Access to metallurgical recipes was restricted, but with the rise of trade guilds in the Roman period, craft secrets began to circulate more freely. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that these economic shifts are the best explanation for the emergence of alchemical texts in Roman Egypt.


A water chestnut lactate fermented beverage formula and fermentation parameters were obtained by sensory evaluation through single factor and orthogonal experiment.In this study,the fresh mature water chestnuts were cleaned,peeled,boiled 30min in water,and then beating and filtered.After that,to prepare the formula as followed prescription: water chestnut juice∶ water 1∶3,1.8g /100mL sucrose,0.2g /100mL milk powder.After mixing,pre-heated at 65℃,homogenously twice under 20MPa,and store at 70℃ for 15min,then cooled to 40℃ for fermenting for 12h with the inoculation volume of 5%.The lactate beverage had a special water chestnuts flavor.


Purpose – Networks are increasingly recognised as being important to successful marketing amongst small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure and content of network relations amongst SME clusters, and explore the link to marketing performance.Design/methodology/approach – Following a review of the literature on SME networks and marketing performance, case study analysis is performed on four SME clusters in the Greek agrifood sector.Findings – Analysis finds that the configuration of horizontal relationships between producer SMEs has little bearing on marketing performance, unless also accompanied by strong vertical connections between key members of the SME cluster and other actors in the supply chain. The disposition of these key members towards information‐seeking and contact building outside their SME clusters is also identified as important.Practical implications – To improve marketing performance, leaders in SME clusters should focus on buildin...


The ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) coupling performance of NiTiNb shape memory alloy (SMA) rings was investigated by finite element (FE) simulations and experimental measurements. The contact pressure at the interface between the SMA ring and the vacuum pipe was measured and good agreements with the FE results were obtained. Furthermore, a design method was proposed that involves the FE results and a vacuum sealing model. Finally, leak rate measurements were carried out to assess the sealing performance of selected coupling configurations. The main result found was that the leak rate constraints for UHV applications could be easily satisfied (leak rate <10−10 mbar l s−1), which opens the possibility of remotely clamping/unclamping the tight couplers by well-defined changes in their temperature. Possible applications in the field of particle accelerators and, in particular, in restricted access areas were considered.The ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) coupling performance of NiTiNb shape memory alloy (SMA) rings was investigated by finite element (FE) simulations and experimental measurements. The contact pressure at the interface between the SMA ring and the vacuum pipe was measured and good agreements with the FE results were obtained. Furthermore, a design method was proposed that involves the FE results and a vacuum sealing model. Finally, leak rate measurements were carried out to assess the sealing performance of selected coupling configurations. The main result found was that the leak rate constraints for UHV applications could be easily satisfied (leak rate <10−10 mbar l s−1), which opens the possibility of remotely clamping/unclamping the tight couplers by well-defined changes in their temperature. Possible applications in the field of particle accelerators and, in particular, in restricted access areas were considered.


This study is focused on Turnover intention.  Turnover  intention  has  been  acknowledged  as  the  best  predictor  of  actual  turnover. Actual Turnover is expected to increase as the intention increases. Health workers turnover is an increasing problem that threatens the functioning of the health care sector worldwide, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine multiple factors that may influence turnover intention among health professionals in the Jimma University Specialized Hospital. The study was descriptive in nature; respondents were drawn based on stratified sampling technique. Hence, 247 samples were selected from the total population (N=703). In addition to this, data were collected via structured questionnaires and interview. The SPSS (v.20) was used to process the primary data which were collected through questionnaire. Consistency of the data is also tested by Cronbach's alpha reliability test, bivariate correlation analysis (two-tailed), and multiple regressions (to analyze impact relationships between/among variables involved) were used for data analysis. As a result, pay dissatisfaction, distributive injustice, and workload and job dissatisfaction were the major factors that affect turnover intention in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH). Therefore, it is advisable that JUSH to revising the pay and incentive packages of health professionals. Keywords :  Health professionals, pay dissatisfaction, turnover intention, workload


BACKGROUND Current research examining the impact of mechanism of injury and daily snowfall amounts on injury severity among skiers and snowboarders is limited. The purpose of this study was to define correlations between injury mechanism and daily snowfall on injury patterns and severity among skiers and snowboarders. METHODS This observational study analyzed daily snowfall measurements coupled with trauma admissions during the 2011 and 2012 ski seasons from a Level III trauma center servicing a large North American ski resort. Post hoc adjusted analyses and multivariate modeling was used to determine independent predictors of increased injury severity. RESULTS Six hundred forty-four trauma admissions were analyzed, with primary research considerations detailing the variances in injury severity resulting from collisions with other skiers or snowboarders and daily total snowfall. Findings demonstrated that collisions were independently associated with increased (1) injury severity (Injury Severity Score [ISS ≥ 16]) (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–7.6; p < 0.001), (2) thoracic injury severity (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score ≥ 3) (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 3.7–15.0; p < 0.001), and (3) renal injuries (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2–8.1; p = 0.017) as well as and axial skeleton fractures (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.6–7.7; p < 0.001). In addition, mean ISS was significantly higher in the setting of a collision when compared with a fall (8.6 vs. 5.8; p < 0.001). Findings regarding total snowfall demonstrate a negative correlation between snowfall and injury severity (r = −0.08, p = 0.05); the majority (65.5%) of injuries were sustained when there was 1 inch or less of recent snowfall, and a snowfall total of 2 inches or less was independently associated with increased injury severity (ISS ≥ 16) (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1–9.1; p = 0.036). CONCLUSION Collisions between snowsport enthusiasts and total trace snowfall predict an increase in injury severity among alpine skiers and snowboarders. Findings from this project may lead to an increased understanding of predictive factors contributing to injury, alter the diagnostic evaluation of patients, provide educational opportunities for alpine enthusiasts, and enhance resort safety initiatives tailored to ambient conditions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III.


The investigation of the stratum formation and geological structure in Hengyang area,especially the characteristics of foundational fault zone and the distribution of magmatic rocks and its relationship with the mineralization of non-ferrous metal deposits are made in this paper,the distribution characteristics of regional gravity anomaly,aeromagnetic anomaly and the stream sediment geochemical abnormal of non-ferrous metal elements are analyzed systematically,the regional metallogenetic regularity of nonferrous metal deposits and prospecting indicator,as well as the direction of future exploration are discussed.


The paper  studies  synthesis  of aluminum  oxynitride  (γ-AlON)  under the conditions  of SHS  gas-statting  at  high  pressures (10–100  MPa)  of gaseous nitrogen including the  mode of so-called conjoint combustion reactions (chemical furnaces). It was  shown that  chemical and  phase compositions of combustion products, their structure and  morphology of powder particles depend on the reagent ratio in the initial Al–Al 2 O 3 mixture, as well as nitrogen pressure, combustion temperature of high-exothermic components of chemical furnaces, and  type of initial reagents. The structure of γ-AlON powder particles was studied and  its relation to self-propagating high-temperature synthesis conditions was found. It determines the optimum SHS parameters for Al 5 O 6 N (γ-AlON) synthesis.


Abstract. The malaria transmission potential of wild, infective Anopheles from western Kenya was evaluated by determining the number of sporozoites transmitted in vitro by salivation when their mouthparts were inserted into capillary tubes containing either sucrose or blood. With sucrose, 86.6% of 102 infective Anopheles transmitted a geometric mean (GM) of 3.84 sporozoites (range 1–34). With blood, 23.1% of 104 infective Anopheles, tested on the day of collection, transmitted a GM of 2.30 sporozoites (range 1–117). For Anopheles held 5 days postcapture before testing with blood, 53.6% of 56 transmitted a GM of 6.04 sporozoites (range 1–420). Transmitting Anopheles contained significantly more salivary gland sporozoites than non‐transmitters. No significant differences were detected between Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu lato and Anopheles funestus Giles in sporozoite transmission by individuals with sporozoites in their salivary glands.


The area devoted to the study of differential equations and differential inclusions has received much attention due to the fact that they describe many phenomenons in various fields of applied sciences like physics, control theory, chemistry, biology, and so forth. For some of these applications, one can see [1-8] and the references therein. In most papers, sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to the corresponding problems are obtained by using classical fixed point theory. We refer, for example, to few studies [9-14]. In this work, we are mainly concerned with the existence results of solutions for the following two-dimensional quadratic problems for ordinary differential inclusion (in short QV P) occurring in some physical and biological problems:


INTRODUCTION ........ ...... ........ 261 GROWTH OF METHANOGENS 262 Techniques for Growth of Methanogens ..... 262 Principal Media......6..3.. . .... ....... .. . 263 Strain Histories.................2..6..4............. 264 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition Determination (Moles Percent Guanine plusCytosine). 264 GENERATION OF 16S RIBOSOMAL RIBONUCLEIC ACID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE CATALOGS ..............................2................... 264 Labeling and Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Isolation ..... .. . 264 Determination of Oligonucleotide Catalog .26........6.. 26 Analysis ofData ............2......6.. .. . . .... . ..6. ... ... 26 COMPARATIVE CATALOGING OF 17 METHANOGENS 266 DEVELOPMENT AND OUTLINE OF A NEW TAXONOMIC TREATMENT BASED ON 16S RIBOSOMAL RIBONUCLEIC ACID ................ 267 Orders ................................................... 268 Families .2......6.8......................6....... 268 Genera.......... 269 Species ...2.6.......9......... 269 EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF THE NEW TAXONOMIC TREATMENT ........ 276 Cell Wall Structure and Composition .. .......... ........ 276 Order I, Methanobacteriales.276 Order II, Methanococcales 8 Order m, Methanomicrobiales.27 LFimpid Composition.279 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition (Moles Percent Guanine plus Cytosine) ................................................................ 280 Substrates for Growth and Methane Production 280 Metabolic Pathways ................. .. 281 Coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) .. .. ....... .... 281 Coenzyme F420 .......................................... 282 Intermediary metabolism .... .... ...... .... .... 282 Ribosomal and Transfer Ribonucleic Acids of Typical Bacteria and Methanogens .............. 282 Genome Sizes of Typical Bacteria and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophi-


Microphone-array based beamforming measurements in wind tunnels exhibit reduced dynamic range due to flow-induced noise in the individual microphones. Even in open wind tunnels with the arrays outside the flow region, air turbulence will induce such flow noise. Assuming stationary signals and performing long-time averaging of a cross-spectral matrix (CSM), the noise contamination will be concentrated on the CSM diagonal. When the CSM is used for traditional frequency-domain beamforming, Diagonal Removal (DR) will avoid use of the contaminated diagonal. DR is effective at suppressing the noise, but it also often underestimates source strengths and removes weak sources. Other array processing methods must use the diagonal. Several algorithms that attempt to reconstruct the CSM diagonal have been published. It has been shown that remaining off-diagonal noise contributions will limit the performance of methods that operate only on the diagonal. A few algorithms exist that can overcome this limitation by performing modifications also on the off-diagonal elements of the matrix. The paper describes a few of these methods and describes their respective limitations and advantages. Results from simulated and real measurements are presented.


Abstract In the cooling water system (CWS), being infrastructure for large research facility, one of the important issues is the operation reliability, and then the minimizing of operation and maintenance costs. For optimum design, we studied the cooling loops for pulse and continuous operations of clients, volume and inside piping structure of storage tanks, two-step heat exchanger, safety devices and energy conservational operation of the CWS. During commissioning, the flow rate shortage due to increase of pump head by rise of client pressure drop was resolved as the operation of a stand by pump. The unexpected water pressure hunting occurred at an ion cyclotron ranges of frequency (ICRF) inlet port was stabilized by exchange of the starting system of motor and transfer of a constant flow rate valve from the water outlet port to the inlet port of the ICRF. We confirm that a polishing system, a first neutral beam injection cooling loop and a plasma facing component baking system can be stably operated in the upgrade step of clients. To improve the coefficient of performance and stability of operation in chiller, we will develop the new header, decreasing the gap of inlet temperature of cooling towers.


Prosecutors play a central role in how cases proceed and are resolved in the criminal justice system. They command a wide degree of discretion over the question of indictment, the charged offenses, and the terms of plea bargains. Yet the study of prosecutorial decision making has been hampered by lack of data and by the problem of endogeneity between thebehavior of prosecutors and the institutional and local environments inwhich they operate. In quest of exogenous sources of legal variation, the passage of sentencing reforms has been helpful in exploring the extent of prosecutorial discretion. For example, empirical studies of prosecutors' response to the legislation of three-strikes laws or mandatory minimum sentences have demonstrated how prosecutors exercise discretion to increase sentences (Kessler and Piehl 1998) or to effectively circumvent the mandatory statutory requirements through altering the conviction charges (Engen and Steen 2000; Bjerk 2005). Whether prosecutors use their power benevolently or strategically, however, is a different question. In particular, prosecutors may be driven by reelection pressure and other career advancement opportunities in choosing which cases to prosecute (Glaeser, Kessler, and Piehl 2000) and in pursuing more trials (Boylan and Long 2005; Bandyopadhyay and McCannon 2014) and longer sentences (Boylan 2005). Such political incentives are at the heart of "'A Million Dollars in FreeAdvertising': Politics and SexOffense Prosecution in theWake of Duke Lacrosse." McCannon and Wilson (2019, in this issue) propose


A spintronic method of ultra-fast broadband microwave spectrum analysis is proposed. It uses a rapidly tuned spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO), and does not require injection locking. This method treats an STNO generating a microwave signal as an element with an oscillating resistance. When an external signal is applied to this "resistor" for analysis, it is mixed with the signal generated by the STNO. The resulting mixed voltage contains the "sum" and "difference" frequencies, and the latter produces a DC component when the external frequency matches the frequency generated by the STNO. The mixed voltage is processed using a low pass filter to exclude the "sum" frequency components, and a matched filter to exclude the dependence of the resultant DC voltage on the phase difference between the two signals. It is found analytically and by numerical simulation, that the proposed spectrum analyzer has a frequency resolution at a theoretical limit in a real-time scanning bandwidth of 10~GHz, and a frequency scanning rate above 1~GHz/ns, while remaining sensitive to signal power as low as the Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise floor.


THE revolutionary changes in biology of the last few decades have caused a number of working biologists to take stock of the situation and examine the nature of the alterations they have witnessed and have taken part in bringing about.P What is immediately apparent is the recognition that changes in philosophy and attitude have been equal in importance to the introduction of new scientific content. This same combination of rapid and radical shifts in biological concepts and techniques marked the period just a century ago when biology in its modern form seemed to come into being in several fields at the same time. Evolution, biochemistry, physiological regulation, germ theory are just a few of the areas which were transformed during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. Involved in these transformations was a discussion about the relationship of organic to non-organic processes and an argument about the very nature of life itself.


A pyridine solution of dulcitol hexanitrate evolved gas and became highly colored when warmed to 50 °C.; dilution with water caused the precipitation of 67% of the theoretical amount of a dulcitol pentanitrate. The product was characterized as D,L-galactitol-1,2,4,5,6-pentanitrate by methylation to a monomethyl dulcitol pentanitrate, denitration of the latter, and periodate oxidation of the monomethyl dulcitol obtained. The hexitol derivatives were all obtained in a pure crystalline form. The significance of the data now available on the selective partial denitration by pyridine of hexitol hexanitrates is briefly discussed.


Although experiencing a crisis and the ill-being of young people, the juvenile justice system is a high-stakes area. Juvenile justice requires an approach that combines education, the law, and psychiatry, and it must remain distinct from criminal justice for adults. Only a joint discussion about redefining the disciplinary domains, the actors' functions, and the links between institutions will allow the creation of an institutional fabric able to handle the singular logics of juvenile delinquents.


Time series is a scientific process of determining an ordered sequence of values of a variable within equally spaced time intervals. Mostly this is applied when looking at technical data and its influences on the neighboring surroundings. This type of scientific analysis that can be applied twofold. Firstly, it can be used to obtain a knowledge of the triggering forces and structure that produced the observed data. Additionally, it can be used to fit a model and to predict, monitor the area of interest.
This scientific form of analysis can be applied in various sectors so long as the data can be measured over time. The following are some of the applications: Economic and sales forecasting, Crop Yield prediction, Forest cover changes, urbanization, among many other uses. In this analysis, we will focus on time series change detection using image differencing of a classified image and representing the outcome area in a bar graph. The area of study is Seshachalam Hills, Tirupathi an ecological zone in Andhra Pradesh, India.


This paper presents a digital watermarking algorithm for copyright notification and protection of remote sensing image.The algorithm takes a gray image as both visible and invisible watermarks.Firstly the visible watermark is embedded in spatial domain to realize copyright notification;The same watermark is then embedded in frequent domain as invisible watermark using DWT to realize copyright protection.The extract is totally contrary to the embedding,which can get a disorderly watermark.It can be ordered by a new anti-Arnold transformation.At last the watermark is obtained.Experiment shows that the visible watermark can hardly be ridden and the invisible watermark makes little difference.Meanwhile,the algorithm has good robustness to normal image processing.


The development of financial pyramids in the CIS countries and its impact on people's lives is considered. It would seem that financial pyramids like MMM or «Charms» have gone down in history, leaving millions of defrauded depositors with nothing. But life shows that the bitter experience was not so instructive for many of our citizens. Currently, there is a clear trend of masking financial pyramids under three legal areas of work. These areas of work are analyzed. Thus, investing in financial pyramids brings a good income – it is only important to understand when to withdraw your capital


The Anger Camera developed by the detector group at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory was utilized for the present work for its unique advantage of employing multiple modules to obtain large active measurement area for detecting diffracted/scattered thermal neutrons. Considering the relatively small flux associated with diffracted/scattered neutrons, suitable efficiency with high spatial resolution is a requirement for utilizing two-dimensional imaging detectors. The potential to implement pulse shape (in addition to pulse height) discrimination-based scintillators further enhances the ability to detect diffracted neutrons with improved signal to noise ratio. In this paper, initial results associated with 6Li glass-based scintillator will be presented. The authors explored the feasibility of using this system to detect and quantify diffraction peaks and peak shifts at the Neutron Residual Stress Facility (NRSF2), High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Suitable camera mounting and shielding had to be developed. Reference measurements using polycrystalline powders with known atomic planar spacing will be discussed along with measurement settings associated with expected resolution for peak shift measurements. Initial results are promising and demonstrate that a suitable scintillation-based neutron detecting system is viable for residual stress-based diffraction measurements. Small area detectors are also feasible with suitable consideration to scattering volume and distance to detector. User Acknowledgments This research [or, A portion of this research] used resources at the High Flux Isotope Reactor [and/or Spallation Neutron Source, as appropriate], a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Introduction Anger camera is a variant within the CCD imaging family that allows for fast read-out of large multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes [1-3]. Instead of approaching the issue of readout by establishing a channel for each anode, Anger camera reduces the entire output of the PMT down to four channels allowing for fast data acquisition over the entire photo-sensitive area in realtime. The method by which this is performed is by injecting the output signal of the PMT onto a resistive network when a particle is incident on the scintillator of the PMT as depicted in Figure 1. Neutron Radiography WCNR-11 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 15 (2020) 80-85 https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-13 81 Figure 1: 4x4 Anger logic resistive network The resistive network is what performs the Anger logic; the position of incidence of a particle on the scintillator can be obtained by the output of the PMT onto the network. Any response from the PMT results in a response at the four outputs of the network in the form of a voltage. These four voltages, Va,Vb,Vd ,aaa Vc can be used to determine the location of incidence as a coordinate pair (X, Y) via the formulae Eq. 1 and Eq. 2: Xpppppppp = (Va + Vb) − (Vc + Vd) Va + Vb + Vd + Vc (Eq. 1) Ypppppppp = (Va + Vd) − (Vc + Vb) Va + Vb + Vd + Vc (Eq. 2) The scintillating material used in this study is a 6Li glass scintillator which has found extensive use in the field of neutron detection [4-6]. Other neutron detection methods lack spatial resolution, and many are by default one dimensional only looking at the number of neutrons that interact with the detector about the vertical channels since the study of neutron diffraction is primarily concerned with the angle at which the bulk of neutrons are diffracting. Typically, the detector type used is the helium-3 tube which is large with a facing size of up to an inch or more in diameter per anode. This results in quite low spatial resolution and a large form-factor. The Anger camera allows for quite high spatial resolution since it incorporates as many as 1024 anodes into a 116 mm by116 mm area. In this study, authors seek to implement an Anger camera in diffraction mode for residual stress measurements. Steps towards this implementation require ability to achieve precise, repeatable angular motion and positioning. Furthermore, pulse shape discrimination provides significant assistance in noise reduction however appropriate shielding is still necessary for diffraction. Instrument calibration is also needed to correctly process acquired data. Typically, calibration requires alignment scans in the diffraction plane and acquisition of diffraction peaks from well-known standard powders; additional considerations have to account for the geometry of the detector being a flat surface moving along an arc. Experimental Method To set up and operate the Anger camera at the NRSF2 instrument, additional components had to be put together to ensure accuracy and repeatability of measurements. A stage for the anger camera was secured to the side of the NRSF2 detector; a rotational degree of freedom on the mounted stage, allows the camera to be precisely pointed at the diffracting sample. In addition, the height was carefully adjusted to make sure the detector lied in the horizontal plane of the Neutron Radiography WCNR-11 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 15 (2020) 80-85 https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-13 82 incident beam. Shielding was another significant component; its purpose is to prevent background radiation from striking the detector and ensuring the Anger camera only "sees" the sample on the NRSF2 stage. Shielding schematics are shown in Figure 2: Figure 2: Schematic representation and actual pictures of shielding components and camera mounted on NRSF2 detector Due to special constrains and the operating distance of the camera from the diffracting sample, shielding could not be implemented as a single snout going from the detector to the sample; as a solution, shielding was split into two parts such that the overall effect reproduces the effect of a single snout. The Anger camera was connected to and integrated with the NRSF2 control workstation. This enabled us to control both instruments from one computer. Reference data is obtained from the main instrument then, having a set angular offset between the Anger camera and the NRSF2 detector, the main detector is driven to a position such that the Anger camera can record the same peak. Results Imaging data collected using Anger camera comes in the form of raw binary packets consisting of 262144 or 65536 16-bit integer values, depending on the number of PMT's utilized. Using a full 4-array of PMT's results in a 512x512 image as shown in Figure 3(a). Figure 3: (a) example heat-map image from Anger camera depicting two peaks; colormap shows counts per pixel over image acquisition time (b) Fitted vertical integration The processing of the data involves converting the raw pixel array into a 16-bit image using the Python Imaging Library. The data is then integrated vertically such that if the image pixels (b) (a) Neutron Radiography WCNR-11 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 15 (2020) 80-85 https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-13 83 are expressed in row-column format as I(M,N) then the value for each channel according to Eq. 3 will be: YN = �I(m, i) wwwww m ∈ M N


This paper is mainly concerned with solving the following two problems:Problem I.Given X∈R^n×m,B∈R^m×m.Find A∈Pn such that ‖X^T AX-B‖F=min,where Pn={A∈R^n×n|x^T Ax≥0,A↓x∈R^n}.Problem Ⅱ.Given A^~∈R^n×n.Find A^~∈SE such that‖A^~A^^‖F=minA∈SE‖A^~A‖F,where‖-‖F is Frobenius norm,and SE denotes the solution set of Problem I.The general solution of Problem I has been given.It is proved that there exists a unique solution for Problem Ⅱ.The expression of this solution for corresponding Problem Ⅱ for some special case will be derived.


The writer poses the post-inspection questions.The basic principle is discussed of classroom teaching which embraces maxims of consistency,analysis and synthesis,science and directness.Proper use of media,creativity cultivation and teachers self learning are pinpointed.


We experimentally demonstrate fiber nonlinearity cancellation using photonic homodyne down conversion in conjugated-paired radio-on-fiber (C-RoF) system. 20-km SMF transmission of 156-Mb/s BPSK-C-RoF is demonstrated, naturally cancelling nonlinear phase shift without using digital signal processing.


The invention relates to a concept of providing a medium-voltage base station in a housing, which corresponds to a 20-foot or 40-foot standard container. In the housing a low voltage portion (200) for receiving low-voltage components, a medium-voltage range (300) for receiving medium-voltage components and a wall (117) are provided therebetween.


ABSTRACT. Christensen, N. Chr. (Department of Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark). Lipids in cord serum and free fatty acids in plasma in healthy newborn term infants. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:711, 1974.—Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycerol in cord serum and plasma FFA in cord blood and at 1 1/2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after birth were determined in 18 healthy term infants. Concentrations of lipids in cord blood were low; and there were no correlation between cord lipids and subsequent FFA values. A rapid increase in FFA level, with peak values at 12 hours, was seen. Significant, negative correlations were found between FFA concentration and rectal temperature at 1 1/2 hour and between total caloric intake and FFA concentration at 48 hours.


Effects of Ni additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties as well as fracture mode of casting Mg-Ni alloys are investigated in this study.The results indicate that pure Mg is mainly composed of α phase,and that MgNi0.28,MgNi0.99,MgNi1.54 alloys have γ and Ni phase besides α solid solution.The grain size of pure Mg is coarse,but it becomes thin and the size has a trend to be homogeneous after addition of Ni.The ultimate tensile strength increases remarkably when adding a small amount of Ni.However,the ultimate tensile strength doesn't increase obviously when the content of Ni exceeds 0.28%.With the increase of Ni content,the elongation and hardness increase first and then decrease.The fracture mode of MgNi alloys changes from cleavage fracture to intergranular fracture.


Abstract : The problems and opportunities involved with designing and using distributed systems are discussed. This is followed by presenting a paradigm for the distributed system design process. The paradigm is then applied to the design of a distributed operating system for SPLICE. The major interface between user and operating system is provided by the dictionary/directory system. (Author)


A compound having the general formula (I): ** (See formula) ** wherein: the pyridine rings A, B and C are independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting C1-6 alkyl, haloalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Hal or OR13; L1 and L2 are independently fractions having the formula (a) or (b) selected ** (See formula) ** wherein at least one of L1 or L2 has the formula (b); R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl and phenyl; R3 is selected from hydrogen and C1-6alkyl; R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-6alkyl; R8, R9, R10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-6alkyl; R12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-6alkyl; R13 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl and phenyl; p is 1 or 2; q is 0, 1 or 2; and Hal is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.


Due to the global processing characteristic, the traditional M-sequence generation method based on LFSR is restricted by the speed. Because of the cellular automata has the characteristics of simple regular structure, locality of information processing, and posses the complex dynamic properties, these make it more suitable for the high speed M-sequence generation method based on the cellular automata. For a giving irreducible polynomial, using the synthesis algorithm based on the Euclid's division which bring forwarded by Kevin Cattle, we can obtain the rule vector of the 90/150 cellular automata, and by analyzing the homogeneous characteristic of the cellular automata, we can obtain a set of the cellular automata to generation the M-sequence with high speed.


This study aims to find out the message contained in the book "Learn to Bees and Flies" by KH. Agoes Ali Masyhuri published by Zaman. The book contains advice on how to live with the rules of Islam in order to live a blessing or goodness from God. After the authors carefully, the message contained in the book "Learn to Bees and Flies" contains a message of faith that is about believing in God and the qualities he has and also the moral character that explains how to behave to fellow beings of God. The three messages of sharia, the message to always run the worship that is required of God to man. Researchers use content analysis method or content analisys that is analyzing the content of data under study by using qualitative approach. From the results of this study we can find out what the content of da'wah contained in the book "Learn to Bees and Flies".


Abstract In this paper, the author expresses a hopeful understanding of how psychoanalysis can be applied in community crisis intervention. He draws on key concepts from the interpersonal tradition to revitalize community work and thinking with traumatized groups and communities in general. The author uses psychoanalytic concepts such as transference, countertransference, enactment, and working through to describe a community intervention in a four-year project with an impoverished community in South Central Los Angeles following the 1992 riots that occurred there. He also arrives at new community concepts that are psychoanalytically informed and emphasizes how these can be helpful to individual clinicians in making sense of certain clinical phenomena that are opaque without an understanding of the community context of their patients.


Conceptions of race have evolved and become more nuanced over time. Most scholars in the biologic and social sciences converge on the view that racism shapes social experiences and has biologic consequences and that race is not a meaningful scientific construct in the absence of context.1-3 Race is not a biologic category based on innate differences that produce unequal health outcomes. Rather, it is a social category that reflects the impact of unequal social experiences on health. Yet medical education and practice have not evolved to reflect these advances in understanding of the relationships among race, racism, and health. More than a decade after the Institute of Medicine (IOM, now the National Academy of Medicine, or NAM) issued its report Unequal Treatment, racial/ethnic disparities in the quality of care persist, and in some cases have worsened.4 Such inequalities stem from structural racism, macrolevel bias intrinsic in the design and operations of health care institutions, and implicit bias among physicians.4,5 The majority of U.S. physicians have an implicit bias favoring White Americans over Black Americans, and a substantial number of medical students and trainees hold false beliefs about racial differences.6-9 These widespread problems are reflected in the fact that race is one of the most entrenched and polarizing topics in U.S. medical education. Efforts to advance health equity in medical education have ranged from implicit-bias training to supplementary curricula in structural competency, cultural humility, and antiracism.10-12 Researchers have highlighted the domains of misuse of race in medical school curricula and their potential role in propagating physician bias.13-15 In examining more than 880 lectures from 21 courses in one institution's 18-month preclinical medical curriculum, we found five key domains in which educators misrepresent race in their discussions, interpretations of race-based data, and assessments of students' mastery of racebased science. Indeed, in all the authors' home institutions we found similar misrepresentations of race.15 Social medicine or equivalent courses discuss race in a nuanced manner, but misrepresentations arise in all other courses, including organsystem blocks and basic science classes. Consideration of these five domains in the preclinical curricula (Table 1) inform our recommendations for correcting content that may reinforce or instill race-based biases (Table 2).


Historians accept that the personality of Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset, was of central importance in determining the nature and objectives of his regime from 1547 to 1549. Unfortunately, they disagree about many aspects of that elusive character; it is therefore important to eradicate misapprehensions about Somerset's views from historical discussion. Vain, insensitive and lacking judgement in personal and political relationships, he yet retains the reputation of a politician concerned for the commonweal, whether from the motives of political calculation suggested by Michael Bush or the influence of Christian humanism detected by Brendan Bradshaw. Charlatan or Christian, the reputation of 'the good duke' shows astonishing resilience despite the quantities of cold water poured upon it by Sir Geoffrey Elton. To complicate matters, a misleading interpretation of Somerset's views on higher education, a central concern of the 'commonwealth' programme, appears to have become the accepted orthodoxy, making it even more difficult to discover Somerset's true character. This paper examines the origins, development and significance of that error and traces it to its source in a preoccupation typical of Tudor Protestantism.


HEMINGWAY AND THE SOČA FRONT Rebecca Johnston Thesis Chair: Ann Beebe, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Tyler May 2017 In 1918 Ernest M. Hemingway served along the Soča Front during the last months of the Great War. Better known as the Isonzo Front, the Soča Front was the battle lines between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy. The history of this front is connected to the First World War from the very beginning. Hemingway's novel, A Farewell to Arms (FTA), several of his poems, and the Nick Adams' stories are all based on the First World War. For this reason, the study of the history behind the war is important in order to better understand Hemingway's works connected directly to the war. Studying the historical and geographical setting of FTA, the Nick Adams' stories and Hemingway's poetry will give scholars and students a deeper understanding of the works as well as a deeper understanding of Hemingway. Furthermore, after a study of the historical setting, a group of often overlooked people groups becomes visible


Traditional burial practices of the Navajo Indians involve the rapid disposal of the body with a minimum of ceremony. When death takes place in the home, the dwelling site is abandoned whether the body has been removed for burial or not. Burial is marked by the absence of public ceremony. Individuals who prepare the corpse for burial and those family members who were present at the time of death observe a four-day mourning period and undergo a purification ritual before returning to everyday activities. These behaviors are determined in large part by the belief that the ch'jidii, most commonly if not accurately glossed as ghost, is dangerous (bda'ddzid). Contact with ch bdii, it is thought, will cause sickness, misfortune, or death. An almost total congruence between belief, attitude, and culturally prescribed behavior is assumed by virtually all observers. The past 15 years have witnessed a rapid increase in the number of cemetery burials, many involving public gatherings and eulogizing of the deceased. During the same period, conversions to Christianity have become common and the general level of educational attainment has risen considerably. The explanation of the adoption of modern forms of burial which appeals most to common sense is that these acculturative experiences, especially education and conversion to Christianity, directly cause changes in beliefs and attitudes, which, in turn, are reflected in the new burial practices. Because, however, cemetery burial conducted by non-Indians has always been welcomed by Navajos as a way to avoid contact with chb'fdii, a simple one-toone relationship between Anglo style burial and changed belief cannot be


Information and communication technologies (ICT) can widen firms' geographic span of control by reducing internal communication costs. Combining comprehensive establishment-level datasets with ownership linkages, geographic locations, and ICT usages, I document that US manufacturers have expanded geographically over the past three decades and that firms with more advanced technologies (i.e., Intranet) have larger geographic coverages. To estimate the e↵ects of ICT on firms' geographic span of control, I exploit a historic event in ICT developments in the United States: Internet privatization in the early 1990s. Results suggest that better access to ICT helped firms expand to more counties and that Internet privatization accounted for around 38% of the total increase in firms' geographic coverage during 1995-2007. Using a model where firms endogenously adopt advanced technologies and choose multiple production locations, I estimate that the Internet privatization reduced the manufacturing price by 1.76%. The counterfactual analysis highlights the importance of multi-unit production in evaluating the benefits of ICT improvements. Compared to a trade-only model, a model with multi-unit firms predicts that e ciency gains are larger and more geographically dispersed. JEL Codes: D83, F12, O14, O18, O33


In the background of RMB appreciation and rising wages,we study Chinese economic recovery after the financial crisis.We point out the exchange rate depreciation in developing countries will lead to the economic recovery and it is sustainable.we deem that China's labor market is depressed and the wage price effect is difficult to play.We should not worry about rising wages,for it can be used to promote economic development.


The paper proposes an improved algorithm of Phrase Extract based on the Och's phrase extraction algorithm in the phrase based statistical machine translation.The algorithm can take more accurate alignment information based on the original algorithm.It is of great significance for the smaller corpus statistical machinery.It can reduce the unknown words by increasing in correct alignment information,and increases the rate of correct translation.After the different scale corpus experiment.The extracted number of phrase is obviously increase.


The relationship between physics and medicine has ancient roots that sink to the dawn of medicine
with the use of physical techniques, like heat and light, to diagnose and treat diseases. In the 17th century, with the advent of the experimental method, the mechanistic description of nature was soon extended to living creatures. Physics contributed both to the establishment of new medical disciplines such as biomechanics, electrophysiology and ophthalmology and supported many
other clinical practices and medical researches through the development of a huge number of physicsbased
devices for clinical measurement, diagnosis and treatment. However, medical physics, as we
usually understand the term, emerged as a distinct discipline in the 20th century in response to the growing use of ionizing radiation in both diagnosis and treatment. The urgent need to associate to the team of health professionals dealing with ionizing radiation a physicist with the central role of warrantor of the safe and effective use of radiation became soon evident and led to a new health-care profession: medical physics.
The actual Conference "Physics & Medicine. Toward a future of integration" has been organized by
the University of Trento, the Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari of Trento and the Associazione
Italiana di Fisica Medica. The goals of the meeting are:
to review the current status of main topics of medical physics and give a vision of coming developments;
 to consider the profession and the role of the medical physicist projected in the new organizational
models of health services; to analyze patterns of training and retraining of medical physicists as well as the basic training programs for future physicians; to discuss the contribution of research in physics as applied to medicine as an engine for innovation in health care.


The present invention discloses a method and system for message filtering, for the authenticity of the terminal can not solve the technical problem of message determination. In the present invention, the message server and the mobile network server first mutual authentication, and negotiation sequence for message authentication code; message server sends a message to the terminal, the sequence code carried in the message; the terminal receives the message, the serial number sent to the mobile network server for authentication, when authentication by a user is presented with the message, otherwise rejecting the message. Terminal upon receiving the message, can be performed by the present invention by a sequence of the origin of the message authentication code, so as to prevent false information spreading false information to the terminal server.


To simulate aging under chromatog. conditions, mono-, di-, and trifunctional octyl and octadecyl derivatized reversed-phase high-performance liq. chromatog. silicas were exposed to very aggressive mobile phases like the medium of 6 M NaOH in MeOH/H2O (50/50 vol./vol.). 29Si NMR was used to study the dissoln. characteristics of these phases by monitoring the concns. of the dissolving silane and silica structures. Dissoln. products of alkylchlorosilanes were used as model compds. for assignment purposes. Octadecyl phases appeared to degrade by dissoln. of the silica substrate; octadecylsilane structures were insol. under the exptl. conditions. Monofunctional octyl phases were shown to deteriorate through initial dissoln. of monomeric ligand silane particles, wheres for difunctional octyl phases, the silica backbone appeared to dissolve with the silane ligands still attached. The latter mechanism was also obsd. for the trifunctional octyl phases, but these phases resemble octadecyl phases, probably because the free ligand silane particles are almost insol. and the major cause of phase degrdn. is dissoln. of the silica substrate


INTRODUCTION
Following cardiovascular events (CVE) amongst persons living with HIV (PLWH) is essential. Abacavir (ABC)'s impact on CVE challenges clinicians. We characterized CVE at our HIV clinic associated with ABC versus tenofovir disoproxyl fumerate (TDF).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective study of PLWH who started combination antiretroviral therapy with no prior CVE. Patients were evaluated as antiretroviral-naïve or antiretroviral-experienced. Regimens included: always-ABC, always-TDF, first-ABC-switched-to-TDF and first-TDF-switched-to-ABC regimens. Frequencies, rates and Poisson regression were used to analyze CVE [cardiovascular/cerebrovascular] and were stratified with an a priori cut-off of before or after 1/1/2009.

RESULTS
1,440/2,852 patients were antiretroviral-naïve; overall 658 on always-ABC regimens, 1,186 always-TDF regimens, 737 first-ABC-switched-to-TDF regimens, and 271 first-TDF-switched-to-ABC regimens. 77 CVE occurred overall [16 naïve vs. 61 experienced (p<0.0001)]. 60 events were cardiovascular and 17 cerebrovascular (p<0.0001). 69 CVE occurred before 2009 and 8 after (p<0.0001). There were 5.65 CVE-per-1000-years [95% confidence interval (CI)=3.23-9.87] in the always-ABC, 1.95 CVE-per-1000-years (95%CI=1.08-3.51) in the always-TDF, 2.01 CVE-per-1000-years (95%CI=1.14-3.56) in the ABC-switched-to-TDF and 1.82 CVE-per-1000-years (95%CI=0.77-4.30) in TDF-switched-to-ABC (p<0.01). Multivariable Poisson regression incidence rate ratios (IRR) revealed that being on ABC-only (IRR=2.89;95%CI=2.13-3.94), age (IRR=1.06 per-year;95%CI=1.04-1.07), and smoking (IRR for current=2.81;95%CI=1.97-3.99; IRR for former=2.49;95%CI=1.72-3.61) increased risk of CVE.

CONCLUSIONS
In our clinic, CVE rates were increased in those on ABC and adds to the body of literature suggesting concern.


The Jones sand reservoir in the Schuler field, came under unitized operation on February 15, 1941. Gas injection commenced on July 1, 1941. Under unitized injection of 90 per cent of the produced gas volume, it is estimated that the ultimate recovery will be 20,000,000 barrels of oil more than would have been recovered under a continuation of ordinary primary methods. The effectiveness of the pressure maintenance operations is controlled by the reservoir characteristics. Some of the most important of these characteristics have been accurately recorded from laboratory analyses of cores, which were taken in nearly all wells, and the study of these data has provided a sound basis for these operations. "Core graphs" include core-analysis data, electric-log diagrams, and drilling time. These graphs bring out whatever correlations exist between core data and electric logs. Gas-oil contact is clearly indicated and permeability variation is one of the most prominent features. Cross sections made up of core-permeability profiles bring out the absence of continuity of shaly or silty zones of low permeability or of zones of high permeability; this absence of continuity represents very favorable conditions for the gas-cap type of pressure maintenance.


1 This study compares a cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor (aspirin), a 5‐HT2 antagonist (ZM170809) and a combined thromboxane synthase inhibitor/receptor antagonist (ZD1542) as adjuncts to tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA). 2 Application of an anodal current (332 ± 4.1 μA) to the stenosed left circumflex coronary artery of 20 anaesthetized dogs produced a stable platelet‐rich occlusive thrombus. 3 After initial i.v. administration of recombinant human tissue type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA, 3 mg bolus + 2 mg kg−1 h−1 for 30 min) thrombolysis occurred in 15 out of 20 dogs. All 15 dogs reoccluded. 4 The second i.v. administration of rt‐PA in the presence of either aspirin, ZM170809, ZD1542 or saline resulted in thrombolysis in all 20 dogs. 5 Both the combined thromboxane synthase inhibitor/receptor antagonist (ZD1542) and 5‐HT2 antagonist (ZM170809) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the time taken to lyse the thrombus compared with the saline group. The times were 14.4 ± 2.7 min, 18.0 ± 3.9 min and 36.8 ± 6.2 min for ZD1542, ZM170809 and saline respectively. 6 Aspirin did not offer any additional benefit to using rt‐PA alone. The times to thrombolysis were 36.8 ± 8.4 min for aspirin and 36.8 ± 6.2 min for the saline group. 7 The number of dogs in which the circumflex coronary artery reoccluded within 60 min of terminating the second infusion of rt‐PA were five for saline, four for aspirin, two for ZD1542 and two for ZM170809. 8 These results indicate that both ZD1542 and ZM170809 are more effective adjuncts than aspirin in thombolysis and may provide an improvement in current clinical practice.


In this paper, we obtain a geometric inequality for the length of the second fundamental form in terms of the warping function of a CR-warped product submanifold in a locally conformal Kaehler space form. The inequality is discussed for the important subclass of locally conformal Kaehler manifolds i.e., Vaisman manifold. M.S.C. 2010: 53C40, 53C42, 53C15.


Image Processing, a subset of Computer Vision, is an important branch in modern technology. Edge detection is a subset of segmentation to detect object of interest. Different image edge detection filters and their evaluating parameters are introducing rapidly. But the performance of an edge detector is an open problem. In this paper different performance measures of edge detection have been discussed in details and their application on a hybrid filter using Bilateral and Canny is proposed. Its parametric performance has been evaluated and other well established or classical existing edge detecting filters have been compared with it to measure its efficiency.


PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells continue to produce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) after greater than 80 passages in vitro, but they do not express other markers of heaptitis B virus (HBV) replication. In this respect, they resemble most liver cells that are persistently infected with HBV. PLC/PRF/5 cells were cultured in the presence of adenine arabinoside, human fibroblast interferon, and ribavirin to determine whether production of HBsAg was sensitive to these antiviral agents. HBsAg released into culture media was detected by radioimmunoassay, and cellular protein synthesis was assessed by [3H]amino acid incorporation studies. A dose-related inhibition of HBsAg occurred with each antiviral agent that was tested, but in each case, this inhibition was matched by a reduction of cellular protein synthesis to a similar degree. Thus, no specific effect on the production of HBsAg was found with any of the antiviral agents tested.


Background and Aim: Cough is a protective mechanism providing bronchial drainage to protect secretion retention after abdominal surgeries. Although postoperative pulmonary complications are low after laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LBS), studies showed an increase in complications in patients with abnormal pulmonary function test (PFT) results. Our aim was to detect if preoperative PFT determines cough effectiveness early after LBS. Methods: 26 patients underwent LBS were included. PFT (FEV 1, FVC, FEV 1 /FVC, and PEF) was performed before surgery. Patients were instructed to perform a cough maneuver on the 1 st postoperative day. The maneuver was applied while the patient was sitting on the edge of the bed with an abdominal support via a pillow after a maximum inspiration. Peak expiratory flow rate during coughing (cough PEFR) was measured with a peak flow meter to determine cough effectiveness. Incision pain during cough was assessed with Visual Analog Scale (0-10). Pearson Correlation Analyses was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were 19 females and 7 males with 38.88±10.31 years. Positive correlation was found between cough PEFR and preoperative PEF (rho=0.538, p=0.007), but not FEV 1, FVC, and FEV 1 /FVC values (p>0.05). Cough PEFR was negatively correlated with incision pain (rho=-0.049, p=0.021). Conclusion: Preoperative PEF measurements during PFT are valuable to detect patients who would probably not able to cough effectively after LBS. Preoperative expiratory muscle and cough training will help to prevent pulmonary complications in obese patients with abnormal PEF results. Postoperative effective pain control is also crucial to provide an effective cough.


Abstract In order to investigate the catalytic properties of supported platinum clusters, their interaction with water was monitored using photoelectron spectroscopy. The clusters were exposed to up to five Langmuir of water at cryogenic temperatures. Additionally, the influence of the substrate was studied by employing HOPG and ITO as complementary support materials. In contrast to bulk platinum a distinct chemical shift is observable in the Pt4f binding energies for Pt clusters deposited on ITO. The same clusters on HOPG show no changes in binding energy. We propose that this trend is due to a change in the surface Fermi level in ITO, hence highlighting the strong interaction between the platinum cluster and the substrate material. Therefore it is reasonable to assume, that the catalytic efficiency of these clusters in general can not solely be described by the electronic structure of the cluster alone, but that also the electronic changes induced in the substrate may have a major impact on the catalytic performance as well.


Animal experiments have shown the resolution of radiological infiltrates of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) after using surfactant lavage. Intra-tracheal instillation of surfactant, as well as surfactant lavage, is studied in MAS. However, INSURE (INtubation, administration of SURfactant, Extubation) is never reported to have been used for meconium aspiration syndrome although it is used as the standard method of delivery of surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome. This is a case report of the use of INSURE technique for severe Meconium Aspiration syndrome. The baby was born at term gestational age to a primigravida mother by C-section for fetal distress. The baby was vigorous with chest retractions. Hence baby was supported with delivery room Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and shifted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In NICU, the baby was stabilized and given surfactant using the INSURE technique. Subsequently, a Chest X-ray showed clearing of lung infiltrates and drastically reduced oxygen requirement of the baby and the baby was discharged early to home.


For vortical flow simulations at high Reynolds number, it is important to keep the artificial dissipation as small as possible since it induces unphysical decay of the vortex strength. One way to accomplish this is to decrease the grid spacing. Another way is to use computational schemes having little dissipation. In the present paper, one of the high-resolution upwind schemes called 'MUSCL with Roe's average'is applied to vortical flow simulations. Two examples are considered. One is the leading-edge separation-vortex flow over a strake-delta wing. The other is a high-angle of attack supersonic flow over a spaceplane-like configuration. The comparison with the central difference solutions indicates that the present upwind scheme is less dissipative and thus has better resolution for the vortical flows.


In this paper the author discusses all of the factors encountered in the layout, design, and construction of foundations for stationary Diesel engines of the vertical type. The factor requiring the greatest attention and consideration of designers is that of reducing or isolating the vibration of the engine. This matter is treated comprehensively. The author applies accepted theories and engineering principles to the problems. As in most engineering problems, the exercise of sound judgment enters to a large extent. The paper is presented in outline form, the subject matter following the sequence generally encountered in an actual design.


When studying the features of the clinical picture of ischemic stroke, depending on the presence of cardiac pathology, in 182 patients (95 women and 87 men) aged 41 to 79 years in the most acute and acute periods of ischemic stroke (IS) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) basin, it was revealed that cerebral and focal stroke symptoms were more pronounced, and the general condition was more often severe in patients with coronary artery disease, especially in females.


Research problem:The problem of poverty worries not only the population, but also serves as the subject of numerous scientific works. Research methodology:The study of the issue was carried out with the help of surveys and a method of reviewing literary sources. The theoretical basis was the assumption of the relationship between poverty and property inequality. Conclusions: It is established that the curves of the change in the proportion of the poor and decile coefficients have a shift of the optimums relative to each other. This shift indicates the presence of a delay. Conclusion: By today, the delay was leveled that may portend social upheavals. Recommendations: To prevent social upheavals, one should apply the entire possible set of measures to reduce the share of the poor and decile coefficient


In the present study,one new method was constructed by combining potential damage index method and weighted marking method,which was applied to screen the typical pollutants in groundwater of Liao River basin. Criteria maximum concentration( CMC) and criteria continuous concentration( CCC) were introduced into the calculation of potential damage index.Considering the concentrations of pollutants weren't counted when the potential damage risk index were calculated,the new method combining potential damage risk index with the weighted marking method was adapted to screen the typical pollutants in groundwater. The mean concentration and detection frequency of the pollutants were introduced in calculation different pollutants weighted scores. Furthermore,the typical pollutants were screened by clustering analysis. The typical pollutants in groundwater of Liao River basin included As,NH+4,1,1,2- methyl chloroform,bromodichloromethane,chlorodibromomethane,1,1-dichloroethylene,α-hexachlorocyclohexane,1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis( p-chlorophenyl) ethane( p,p'-DDD),1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis( 4-chorophenyl) ethylene( p,p'-DDE),Benzo( a) pyrene.


The utility model discloses a coding method for colored strips based on the annular array method in a three-dimensional (three D) scanning system, which belongs to the technical field of the reverse engineering; wherein, by means of the color images with more information, the utility model solves the problem that the Gray code requires seven amplitudes of gradually dimidiate black and white strip patterns to conduct the late-stage phase unwrapping, thus reduce the images to be acquired; in terms of the colors and numbers of the color strips to select, 8 pure colors will be chose to enhance color discrimination degree and expand the measurement scope; the components of the red color, as well as the green and the blue in all colored strips are arranged; the annular array cycles and the sequence cycles on each annular array cycle are designed via the annular array method, thus acquiring the colored strips code with single sequence cycle. By adopting the colored strips code to design projecting grating, the real-time and dynamic measurement performance of the phase method in the three-dimensional (three D) scanning system is improved. .


Background Antimicrobial resistance is considered a major concern problem; bacteria have evolved mechanisms to overcome antibiotics' action through evolutionary process. One main resistance mechanism that bacteria developed is the pumping of the antibiotics out of bacterial cells by transmembrane transporter proteins known as efflux pumps. Materials and methods To overcome bacterial resistance guided by efflux pumps, efflux pumps inhibitors (EPIs) are small molecules that obstruct efflux pumps binding sites and its structural assembly leading to disability in the efflux pumps normal function, new EPIs which under the current study are created by modifying the chemical structure of most common antibiotics including Ampicillin, Penicillin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline, such antibiotics are modified by adding N-acetyl glucose amine moiety to acceptor OH group of the respective antibiotic, the newly modified antibiotics are glycosylated EPIs. To test the effectiveness of the new EPIs in inhibiting AcrB-TolC and MexA-OprM efflux pumps functions, ADME properties for all of glycosylated antibiotics have been measured through applying Lipinski's role of 5, docking and simulation studies have been included as well. Results Docked glycosylated tetracycline has given the highest binding energy in the active sites of both pumps, with −9.4 against AcrB and −8.8 against MexA. The simulation study has confirmed the binding of the glycosylated tetracycline in the active sites of both pumps, as well as its stability during the biological dynamicity of both pumps (opening and closing channels). Conclusion The results validation requires a long simulation time about 50 ns or more which was un applicable due to cost limitation, however, the newly glycosylated antibiotics have promising results that might make it eligible as drug candidates to overcome bacterial resistance.


A novel CMOS photosensor with a gate-body tied NMOSFET structure realized in the triple is well presented. The photocurrent is amplified by the lateral and vertical BJT action, which results in two different output photocurrents, which can be used for different applications within a pixel. The lateral action results in the drain current with a higher sensitivity at low light intensity. And the vertical action results in the collector current with uniform responsivity over wider range of the light intensity. The proposed photosensor in compatible with CMOS circuits.


High-precision oxygen isotope analysis is capable of revealing important information about the relationship between different meteorite groups. New data confirm that the main-group pallasites are from a distinct source to either the HEDs or mesosiderites.


The invention discloses an application of a gas-filled heat pipe in avoiding the dew point corrosion of a heat pipe exchanger. The gas-filled heat pipe comprises an evaporation segment and a condensation segment filled with a work substance. The application is characterized in that the condensation segment is also simultaneously filled with inert gases or nitrogen gas according to specified length and specified quantity of filled gases and can be filled with a mixture combined by gas molecules and the steam molecule of the work substance. The filled inert gases can automatically change occupied volume and filled gas length so as to change and adjust the temperature in the pipe and wall surface temperature, thus achieving the purpose of avoiding the dew point corrosion of the heat pipe.


A disturbed mother's perception of her child's psychological state reflects her own symptomatology, and is often not in accord with teachers' perceptions of the same child.


This study is to obtain the order of the sensitivity of importing marine products with regard to non - economic aspects of considerations under the free - trade. Three criteria are extracted considering various aspects of Korean fishery society. They are the socio - economic, resource - environmental, and policy - appropriateness criterion. The Analytic Hierachy Process(AHP) is used to obtain the estimates of weights among these criteria. First of all, the weights between economic and non - economic in the first hierachy of sensitivity criteria turn out to be 83.3% and 16.7%. Second, the weights among three criteria in the non - economic aspect, the second hierachy, are following that the socio - economic criterion is 19.6%, resource - environmental 31.1%, and policy - appropriateness 49.3% respectively. 47 selected fishes are evaluated based on these three non - economic criteria using 9- point scales. The over - all order of sensitivity is a croaker, hairtail, flatfish, sea breams, and so forth in descending order. The least sensitive fish turns out to be an angler. In addition to the over - all order, the sensitivity based on the three specific non - economic aspects is also investigated. The most sensitive fish in terms of the socio - economic criterion is an hairtail while the least one is a filefish. The most sensitive fish in terms of the resource - environmental criterion is an abalone while the least one is an angler. Finally, the most sensitive fish in terms of the policy - appropriateness is a mackerel while the least one is a small octopus.


S olution-processed, conjugated polymer thin film transistors (TFTs) have received considerable attention due to their promising application in display backplanes and optoelectronic devices. Significant advance has been made in organic thin-film transistors with a high charge carrier mobility as a result of the excellent microstructure of the thin films. These new films have a high co-planarity and preferred oriented polymer with proper side chains. Aligning polymer chain axis towards the source and drain electrodes is crucial to further improve efficient charge transport.1 The secret of preparing a highly oriented polymer thin film is how to control the wetting (solution casting) and dewetting (evaporation) process. This is the advancing and receding of the three-phase contact line (TCL) at the front edge of the liquid film, when the polymer solution is deposited onto the substrate. Well-controlled advancing and receding of the TCL encourages sufficient directional self-assembly process and facilitate the formation of optimal microstructure of the oriented films. Thus, developing a facile approach, that enables the aligning of polymer chains on either large or small area, is needed. The ability of a technique to align the polymer backbones is evaluated by the crystalline morphologies of polymers and these can be further correlated to the device performance. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) at TLS 01C2 is able to capture the nanostructures of D–A polymers in the polymer TFT devices.


Deptor is an mTOR binding protein that affects cell metabolism. The hypothesis of the present study was that knock down (KD) of Deptor in C2C12 myocytes will increase protein synthesis via stimulating mTOR‐S6K1 signaling. Deptor KD was achieved using lentiviral particles containing shRNA targeting the mouse Deptor mRNA sequence, whereas the control cells were transfected with shRNA that does not target any known mammalian sequence. KD reduced Deptor mRNA and protein content by 90%, and increased phosphorylation of mTOR kinase substrates, 4E‐BP1 and S6K1. This activation of mTOR correlated with increased rates of protein synthesis. The responsiveness of KD and control myocytes to anabolic (IGF‐I) and catabolic (AICAR) stimuli were unaltered. Deptor KD myoblasts were both larger in diameter and exhibited an increase in mean cell volume. Deptor KD cells had an increased percentage of cells in the S phase. Immunoblotting confirmed an increase in the total p21 and phosphorylation (Ser807/Ser811) of Rb protein which is critical for the G1‐S phase transition in myoblasts. Deptor KD did not alter myoblast apoptosis or autophagy as evidenced by the lack of change for cleaved caspase‐3 and LC3B, respectively. Finally, in vivo Deptor KD (~50% reduction) by electroporation in C57/BL6 mice did not alter weight of control muscles but prevented atrophy produced by 3 d of immobilization. Thus our data support the hypothesis that deptor is an important regulator of protein metabolism in myocytes.


Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) provides a unique experience where the physical world is augmented with virtual annotations. MAR involves computation-heavy algorithms that could potentially be offloaded to edge servers on 5G networks, which significantly enhances MAR with reduced communication latency and more stable network connections, therefore leading to seamless MAR user experiences. In this demo, we show a running MAR system deployed on a 5G edge test bed and present latency results.


The purpose of this study was to determine if participation in a composition competition influenced four K–12 students' self-concepts as musicians. Research questions explored motivations for these four students to enter into a composition competition, influences of the competition on students' self-concepts as musicians (if at all), and effects of the competition besides those of self-concept as a musician (if at all). Data sources for this multiple case design study included semi-structured interviews, journals, and wiki interactions. Findings determined that acceptance to the competition, performance of students' works, and the reception that students received validated and strengthened their self-concepts as musicians. Suggestions for teaching practice include providing constructive feedback from competition adjudicators, creating face-to-face and online experiences for student composers to network, and offering non-adjudicated composition festival experiences for students.


Abstract This article introduces the confrontational theology of the rabbinic literature of late antiquity by means of a well-known, yet ill-understood legend. It goes on to argue that Talmudic confrontationalism comes coupled with an insistent dialogism that, unlike any other major human undertaking, displays a profound awareness of the indispensable role of external normative critique in the process of changing one's mind.


In this paper, the researcher set out to show how Twitter could be used as knowledge sharing platform in small South African businesses in the Western Cape. The purpose of the study was to implement a Twitter knowledge sharing platform in three small businesses in the Western Cape so as to measure the potential of the platform as knowledge sharing medium. The researcher gathered data through semi-structured interviews. This paper aimed to shed more light on two aspects identified in the literature as a gap in the knowledge on using social networking services as a knowledge sharing platform. Firstly the focus was placed on incorporating Twitter throughout a business as a whole. Secondly, the platform is no longer considered novel, and as such it was revisited at this time. The sample comprised of 15 semi-structured interview participants across three small businesses. Although it became apparent that small businesses are not willing to use Twitter exclusively as knowledge sharing tool, foregoing traditional platforms, the researcher proposed a use case of Twitter, which he believes takes the greatest advantage of the functions Twitter affords.


Ten kinds of catalysts were applied to the hydrogenolysis reactions of coal model compounds at 653 and 693K, and the specific behavior of the catalysts and the effect of temperature on them were discussed. Diphenylmethane, dibenzyl, diphenyl ether and four kinds of condensed aromatics were employed. Adkins' catalyst was highly active, especially in hydrogenating aromatic nuclei at 653K. However, its catalytic effect did not increase at 693K. ZnCl2 and Fe2O3 did not show catalytic activity practically for most of the model compounds and seemed to re-tard the cleavage of C-C and/or C-O bonds. On addition of sulphur, the activity of Fe2O3 increased at 653K, but it decreased significantly at 693K. This tendency was also observed for MoS3, and the fact was noted as a characteristic of the catalysts containing sulphur. MoO3-TiO2 was the most active among the catalysts employed. MoO3-Al2O3 and MoO3-Fe2O3-SnO2 were also active for hydrogenolysis of diphenylmethane and diphenyl ether. NiO-SiO2-Al2O3 could activate hydrogen by an action of Ni and also to cleave C-C bonds as the result of the acidic character of the carrier.


In this chapter swift heavy ions (120 MeV Si ions, 85 MeV C ions) induced modifications of Nickel nanoparticles dispersed PMMA and PS composites films at the fluences of 1 x 10, 1 x 10 ions/cm were studied. 120 MeV Si swift heavy ions induced more prominent effects on the physicochemical properties of polymer nanocomposites compared to those of C-ions. An XRD analysis reveals that the crystallite size of the composites decreased after ion beam irradiation which is also corroborated by the DSC analysis due to the chain scissioning upon irradiation in PMMA nanocomposites. In PS nanocomposites, we observed cross linking upon irradiation. It was observed from the UVvisible spectroscopy analysis that the band gap value moved to the lower energy on doping with metal nanoparticles, as well as upon irradiation. SEM images showed damages upon ion beam irradiation. Magnetic properties enhanced after irradiation which may be attributed to the exchange dipole interaction of particles in the matrix and generation of free radicals.The dielectric constant of the composites increased with the increase of metal content and also upon ion beam irradiation. These phenomena could be interpreted from interfacial polarization of heterogeneous systems.


Study of diverse fauna of snakes of mountainous forests in karst region of northern Indochina is very complicated because of extreme rarity of many species. Presentation into zooculture of these species is discussed as a practical base for the study of their biology and conservation.


abdomen soon becomiies tymupanitic. obstinate constiptiionl, eteorisnm, pressure symptoms are the leading sytmptoms. Peristalsis Vomiiting is rareuintilthle later stages. miiegacolon almiiost always terminiates fatally, autointoxication, colitis, and exhaustioni. Nevertheless, it is compatible with a fairly long life, the being the constipation. In rare cases miiay from perforative peritonitis, or froml tion. Of the 111 cases collated by occurred in 64. In the cases operated upon thle deathis were 38.8 per cent. ; in the unoperated, The male sex is more often affected (84 m-ales, femiiales, 7 sex not recorded). As regards age, were under


C++ Template Metaprogramming sheds light on the most powerful idioms of today's C++, at long last delivering practical metaprogramming tools and techniques into the hands of the everyday programmer.A metaprogram is a program that generates or manipulates program code. Ever since generic programming was introduced to C++, programmers have discovered myriad "template tricks" for manipulating programs as they are compiled, effectively eliminating the barrier between program and metaprogram. While excitement among C++ experts about these capabilities has reached the community at large, their practical application remains out of reach for most programmers. This book explains what metaprogramming is and how it is best used. It provides the foundation you'll need to use the template metaprogramming effectively in your own work.This book is aimed at any programmer who is comfortable with idioms of the Standard Template Library (STL). C++ power-users will gain a new insight into their existing work and a new fluency in the domain of metaprogramming. Intermediate-level programmers who have learned a few advanced template techniques will see where these tricks fit in the big picture and will gain the conceptual foundation to use them with discipline. Programmers who have caught the scent of metaprogramming, but for whom it is still mysterious, will finally gain a clear understanding of how, when, and why it works. All readers will leave with a new tool of unprecedented power at their disposal-the Boost Metaprogramming Library.The companion CD-ROM contains all Boost C++ libraries, including the Boost Metaprogramming Library and its reference documentation, along with all of the book's sample code and extensive supplementary material.


Three Fe- or Cr-related EPR spectra are observed in liquid-encapsulated-Czochralski-grown GaP. The spectra in n-type GaP:Fe:S and GaP:Cr:S show trigonal symmetry. Their analysis suggests that the spectra are caused by the donor-acceptor nearest-neighbor pair defects [${\mathrm{Fe}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}^{+}$-${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{P}}$] and [${\mathrm{Cr}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}^{+}$-${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{P}}$]. In p-type GaP:Cr:Zn the spectrum reveals a Cr center of monoclinic symmetry. This center is identified as a [${\mathrm{Cr}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}^{3+}$-${\mathrm{Zn}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$] pair. The concentration of the three pair defects shows that Coulomb attraction is responsible for the donor-acceptor pair formation.


Sulfur,calcium,and magnesium are essential elements in plant and play very important functions in physiology and plant nutrition.Based on the long-time stationary experiment,the changes of soil sulfur,calcium and magnesium were studied under a condition of 22-year alfalfa succession in Loess Plateau.The results show that the contents of total sulfur,available sulfur,water soluble sulfur,adsorbent sulfur,HCl soluble sulfur,total inorganic sulfur,and organ sulfur in tilth soils,after long-time P-fertilizer ap...