ary examples ranging back to classical antiquity, Gaskin is well attuned to the author's creative agency, including the speaker's or writer's all-too-fallible pursuit of expressive and communicative aims or semantic intentions. For example, Gaskin tells us quite eloquently what Edward Thomas was always trying, but failed, to do—to write poems that would trace the limits of language from within (even though the very idea of the limits of language is said by Gaskin to make no sense). And in a discussion of Keats and the meaning of the last line of the 'Ode on a Grecian Urn', Gaskin suggests that we have a justifiable desire to understand and appreciate the import of this line because we feel that it is true and 'we know that the sentiment it expresses is one by which Keats himself set great store, and tried to convey again and again' [134]. The author's sincerity or lack thereof matters to our understanding of the work, as does the fallible striving to achieve authorial goals. This is presumably a good reason why we should not accept the post-structuralist invitation to proclaim the death of the author and to ignore authorial intentions as we establish texts and interpret works. One good way to defend the 'old historicist' project is to argue that understanding the original context and meaning of a work is necessary to our appreciation of that part of the merits and demerits of the work that involves the author's exercise of skill, and this requires a grasp of the speaker's aims and results. I cannot conclude this review without calling attention to Gaskin's insightful diatribe against administrative and managerial trends in the tertiary sector [x–xvii]. In just a few pages he boldly denounces the idiocy of the 'current regime of time-wasting, expensive, demoralizing, and intellectually spurious comparative assessment exercises' as well as the idea that good university management is a matter of the measurement of 'impact' and 'outcomes'. The link to the topic at hand comes with the reference to the 'degradation of spoken and written language' that has been brought about by the managerial revolution, and, in this regard, Gaskin duly notes an 'unholy' convergence (of jargon, BS, and 'vapourings') between the bureaucrats and the anti-humanist literary theorists.


In recent years, many countries have paid more attentions in the issue of vacuum tube consists of electrodes in a vacuum in an insulating heat-resistant envelope which is usually tubular. Many tubes have glass envelopes, though some types such as power tubes may have ceramic or metal envelopes. The electrodes are attached to leads which pass through the envelope via an airtight seal. On most tubes, the leads are designed to plug into a tube socket for easy replacement. In this paper, we do not only discuss the principles of the rear power amplifier, but also fabricate the the rear power amplifier of the vacuum tube in 6BQ5.


Abstract. Finger-knuckle-print (FKP) is considered as one of the emerging hand biometric traits due to its potentiality toward the identification of individuals. However, extracting features out of poor contrast FKP images is the most challenging problem faced in this area. We propose a method for personal recognition using FKP images based on a preprocessing step to improve the contrast of input FKP image and a processing step for features extraction. In the first part, we compared the performances of different histogram equalization-based contrast enhancement algorithms. The enhanced image with better performance is considered in a second step for feature extraction and personal identification. We experimentally compared the proposed approach to other existing approaches in literature using PolyU FKP database framework, and results show that our technique performed favorably.


Blood pressure determination is a very helpful aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of several diseases in small animal medicine. Non-invasive methods for blood pressure measurement are currently the most rapid and practical alternative in the clinical setting, however only few studies have dealt with selecting the best cuff position for its determination. The aim of the study was to determine the best site for cuff placement (limbs and tail) during noninvasive blood pressure in healthy subjects. Arterial blood pressure was measured by use of an oscilometric system in 22 clinically healthy dogs. Five consecutive measurements were obtained from five different sites: left and right median arteries, left and right tibial cranial arteries and coccygeal artery then were compared. Significant differences were found in systolic blood pressure measured from the right hind limb. Heart rate, age, and weight were not found to have a significant influence on arterial blood pressure. We suspect that the long duration of the procedure was the culprit, leading to stress, which as a result, led to higher blood pressure on the mentioned limb. Based on our results, we concluded that all limbs as well as the tail are suitable sites for routine blood pressure determination, as long as the procedure is completed within a rational time period.


This paper presents a methodology for the detection of broken rotor bar fault and power quality (PQ) disturbances in the supply to induction motor. These faults lead to increase in the temperature and decrease in the efficiency of the induction motor. Wavelet transform is applied to the stator current, for the extraction of the signature of the fault. These wavelet coefficients are fed as input to Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The output of ANFIS network detects both the health of the machine and the nature of the supply. The entire simulation is done using MATLAB SIMULINK. The proposed network has performance efficiency of 92.06%.


In this paper, a camera ranging method for agricultural robot localization in arable farming is described. Three calibration objects in different directions in the field are set. The distances between the robot are calculated, and the calibration objects are used the camera to obtain the robot position. The benchmarking procedure in Matlab includes image binarization of the calibration object and the curve fitting method was used to establish the relationship between the pixels number of the calibration object and the actual distance. The verification results show that the relative error of ranging is less than 1.5%. Furthermore, the camera ranging method for agricultural robot localization is proved to be easy and feasible.


Modal analysis has been used successfully to illustrate the behavior of structures. In order to determine the sensitivity of modal analysis, local disturbances were introduced progressively into a concrete beam. The effect of these disturbances was measured under dynamic excitation by analysing the change in strain and amplitude of vibration. Modal analysis was then employed on the beam as a comparison to gauge its performance on the test structure.


Abstract Measurements are presented of the speed at which six different rods could be swung by four male students. Three of the rods had the same mass but their swing-weight (i.e. moment of inertia) differed by large factors. The other three rods had the same swing-weight but different masses. Our primary objective was to quantify the effects of mass and swing-weight on swing speed. The result has a direct bearing on whether baseball, tennis, cricket and golf participants should choose a heavy or light implement to impart maximum speed to a ball. When swinging with maximum effort, swing speed (V) was found to decrease as swing-weight (I o) increased, according to the relation V = C/I o n , where C is a different constant for each participant and n = 0.27 when I o  > 0.03 kg · m2. Remarkably similar results were obtained previously with softball bats (where n = 0.25) and golf clubs (where n = 0.26). Swing speed remained approximately constant as swing mass increased (when keeping swing-weight fixed). The implications for racket power are discussed.


The works of Mr Ding Jitang reflect the beautiful rural scenery,the active working scene and therich and colorful leisure life ofthe central Shaanxi plain.The artistic style ofhis works is concise,in fullcomposition,lucid and lively color.Ornamentally his works reveal not only technique ofexpression fromwestern painting,but also Chinese traditional folk ornamental art,with not only original print art,but also hisoriginal creation.Mr.Ding made Shaanxi Guanzhong plain expressive from his large number of works.


The room-temperature resonance Raman (RR) spectra of nickel(II) porphine have been simulated for excitation within the Q-band optical transition, taking into account both coordinate-independent (Condon) as well as coordinate-dependent (non-Condon) contributions to the Raman scattering amplitude of each vibration. Computation of scattering intensities for all three classes of Raman-active modes (polarized, depolarized, and inversely polarized) observed in metalloporphyrin spectra was made possible in this fashion. Vibronic parameters were evaluated at the INDO level from the dependence of electronic transition moments and transition energies upon nuclear coordinates; the transform theory of RR scattering was then applied to compute the relative intensities of vibrational modes. The calculated enhancement patterns are in excellent agreement with experimental results. Three vibrational modes of b1g symmetry (ν10, ν11, and ν16) are identified as being the primary Jahn−Teller distortion coordinates:  a substan...


A multistate network is a stochastic network composed of multistate arcs in which each arc has several possible capacities and may fail due to failure, maintenance, etc. The quality of a multistate network depends on how to meet the customer's requirements and how to provide the service in time. The system reliability, the probability that a given amount of data can be transmitted through a pair of minimal paths (MPs) simultaneously under the time constraint, is a proper index to evaluate the quality of a multistate network. An efficient solution procedure is first proposed to calculate it. In order to further enhance the system reliability, the network administrator decides the routing policy in advance to indicate the first and the second priority pairs of MPs. The second priority pair of MPs takes charge of the transmission duty if the first fails. The system reliability under the routing policy can be subsequently evaluated.


Web services is already an infrastructure for practical e-Business. At the same time, mobile devices such as smart phones and PDAs are widely used by end-users these days. In this paper, we focus on interactions between Web services and the mobile devices during execution of a service flow. Frequent interactions decrease the usability of the service flow for the mobile users, and increase the total processing time and data amount. Thus, we propose an user agent who executes the service flow instead of the users. We first illustrate how the agent is automatically created for the service flow, then evaluate it on the user interaction, the processing time and the data amount. Finally we discuss its applicability to a standard Web services flow language, BPEL.


The invention discloses a QoS (quality of service) integrated management system based on an OpenFlow network, and belongs to the technical field of OpenFlow network design. The QoS integrated management system comprises an OpenFlow switch and an OpenFlow controller. An OpenFlow proxy server is arranged between the OpenFlow switch and the OpenFlow controller, is connected with the OpenFlow switch and the OpenFlow controller respectively, and is used for communicating with the OpenFlow controller through the OpenFlow protocol and the OpenFlow switch. By the network system, a FlowVisor abstractive layer is adopted to split the physical network; and the network system is located between a group of switches and a software-defined network or among a plurality of networks, similar to a management program located between server hardware and software, to allow multiple virtual operating systems to run.


Objective: To study the expression of the type1 inhibitor of plasminogen activator(PAI-1),transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1) in cervical carcinoma and analyze the influence of cervical carcinoma.Method: PAI-1,TGF-β1 in cervical carcinoma were determined by EnVision immunohistological method and compared between tumor specimens of cervical carcinoma(n=63,including carcinoma in situs of cervix,high differentiation,middle-low differentiation) and normal cervix tissue(control n=15).Result:(1) The positive frequency of PAI-1 were 0(0/15),75.00%(6/8),51.85%(14/27),82.14%(23/28) in normal group,carcinoma in situs of cervix, high differentiation,middle-low differentiation;the positive frequency of PAI-1 in normal group(0) was lower than in cervical carcinoma(68.25%) significantly(P0.01);each group was significant(P0.01),being associated with path-ological grading.(2) The positive frequency of TGF-β1 were 13.33%(2/15),25.00%(2/8),48.15%(13/27),71.43%(20/28) in normal group,carcinoma in situs of cervix?high differentiation,middle-low differentiation;the positive frequency of TGF-β1 in normal group(13.33%) was lower than in cervical carcinoma((55.56%)) significantly(P0.01);each group was significant(P0.05),being associated with pathological grading;but the positive frequency of matrix in each group was not significant(P0.05).(3) Expression of TGF-β1 cooperated with expression of PAI-1 in cervical carcinoma(r=0.282, P0.05);but expression of PAI-1,TGF-β1 were no relation of age,nation(P0.05).Conclusion: Abnormal expression of PAI-1,TGF-β1 in cervical carcinoma indicate what were relation of occurring and development, contributing to the invasion of cervical caicinoma,it was useful to forecast development of cervical carcinoma by combining to examine.


2 Interest in the economic impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments is growing worldwide as governments seek new ways to spur growth. Moreover, investment decisions must undergo extra scrutiny in the current tough economic conditions. In 2010, Ericsson and Arthur D. Little conducted an in-depth study titled " Socioeconomic Impact of Broadband Network Investments, " which measured the economic effects of broadband penetration. It explored the latest understanding of the impact of fixed and mobile broadband investments. The study was based on more than 120 academic reports and business papers published between 2001 and 2010, and results showed that broadband penetration has positive effects on society. In 2011, Ericsson initiated a follow-up research project, " Socioeconomic Effects of Broadband Speed, " comprising two studies: the first on a macroeconomic (national) level, and the second on a microeconomic (household) level. This report focuses on the results of these two studies. The first study featured in this report is on a macroeconomic (national) level, and investigates the impact of broadband speed on macroeconomic growth. Using panel data econometric methods, Ericsson, in cooperation with Arthur D. Little and Chalmers University of Technology, investigated the impact of broadband speed on the economy. This study is a world first in quantifying the economic impact of broadband speed upgrades using a comprehensive, best-practice, scientific method based on empirical data. Data has been collected for 33 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries, using publicly available sources. Results show high statistical significance, are robust to model changes and pass rigorous statistical testing regarding the direction of causality. the benefits of broadband, being cited in more than 150 press articles worldwide as well as at several industry conferences. The main result of the study can be summarized as follows: > Doubling broadband speeds for an economy can add 0.3 percent to GDP growth, in a simulation relative to the base year 2008 > The benefits of faster broadband can be categorized as: – Economic effects, including increased innovation and productivity in business – Social effects, including better access to services and improved healthcare – Environmental effects, including more efficient energy consumption PART 2 – SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS OF BROADBAND SPEED: A MICROECONOMIC INVESTIGATION The second study in this report is a microeconomic (household) level investigation which assesses the impacts of broadband access and upgrades on household income. The microeconomic study analyzes data from eight OECD …


Objective: A new flow injection inhibitory chemiluminescence method for the determination of catechol was described. Methods: While a volume of catechol mixed with a hexacyanoferrate stream, by the fast oxidation reaction between catechol and K3Fe (CN)6, K4Fe (CN)6 was generated, which then inhibit the chemiluminescence ( CL) reaction of K3Fe (CN)6and luminol in alkaline aqueous solution. The decrement of CL intensity is proportional to the concentration of catechol. Results: The decrement of CL intensity is linear over the catechol concentration range of 0. 1 ng· mL-1-0. 1 μg· mL-1 ; the limit of detection was 40 pg · mL-1 catechol (3σ). The whole process, including sampling and washing, could be performed in 45 s with a relative standard deviation of less than 3. 5% . Conclusions: The proposed method offers advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity, selectivity and wide linear range for the determination of catechol.


The spread of intermittent renewable energy sources and distributed generation units make load management an even more delicate aspect of energy system operations. Heat pump technology can provide ...


Through using the method of literature review,investigation,mathematical statistics, logical analysis and game theory,this paper makes investigation on sport industry condition in Shaanxi province.The result shows that the sport industry in Shaanxi province develops steadi- ly in recent years,which started from a small industry and has gradually began to grow into a diverse consumer group-oriented,variety-abundant,category-completed sports consumption market system with a certain scale.However,there are still some issues and constrain factors existing in the development.Based on above survey and investigation,integrated with local con- ditions,the strategic goal of sports industry development in Shaanxi province was put forwar- ded and related developing countermeasure was made.


This study highlights the psychological factors likely to affect the sensitivity of the consumer to sale promotions. From a survey of a convenience sample of 1072 drink consumers in Cameroon, we obtained data to which we applied a multiple regression. The results of this regression show that the sensitivity of the consumer sales promotion is positively affected by his behaviour towards it the sincerity perceived in the promotional offer. From this finding, we recommend that company managers should invest in actions aimed at rendering their promotional practices more credible in the face of consumers in order to affect them positively.


Objective To observe the placenta polypeptide injection combined with chemotherapy( FOLFOX6) treatment Ⅱ,Ⅲ attenuation of gastric cancer. Methods Between 2010.10. to 2012.6.there're 82 hospitalized patients with gastric cancer,pathologically confirmed Ⅱ,Ⅲ period. Were randomly divided into experimental group( placenta polypeptide injection combined with chemotherapy) 41 cases and the control group( chemotherapy) 41 cases. FOLFOX6 chemotherapy regimens are selected program,the experimental group on the basis of FOLFOX6 chemotherapy on the use of placental peptide injection 8ml,1 times a day,intravenous infusion,once every 10 d,along with each chemotherapy cycle. After the two-cycle assessment hematologic toxicity,natural killer( NK) cell activity and fatigue symptom score. Results The test group minimizes leukocytes,the degree of neutropenia and fatigue symptom score was significantly lower than the control group( P 0. 05),the experimental group was significantly higher NK cell activity,but in terms of the degree of anemia and thrombocytopenia minimize,two group difference was not statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion Placenta polypeptide injection combined with FOLFOX6 regimen Ⅱ,Ⅲ gastric cancer can significantly reduce chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions.


The presented method features the use of an unique combination of alkali chlorate, bromate, or iodate together with potassium persulfate enabling the installation of the corresponding halogen onto the ortho position of N-benzyl picolinamides.


Salmonella Typhimurium causes bacterial enterocolitis. The type III secretion system (TTSS)‐1 is a key virulence determinant of S. Typhimurium mediating host cell invasion and acute enterocolitis. The TTSS‐1 effector protein SipA is transported into host cells, accumulates in characteristic foci at the bacteria–host cell interface, manipulates signalling and affects virulence. Two functional domains of SipA have previously been characterized: The N‐terminal SipA region (amino acids 1–105) mediates TTSS‐1 transport and the C‐terminal SipA 'actin‐binding' domain (ABD; amino acids 446–685) manipulates F‐actin assembly. Little is known about the central region of SipA. In a deletion analysis we found that the central SipA region harbours two distinct functional domains, F1 and F2. They are involved in SipA focus formation and host manipulation. The F1 domain (amino acids 170–271) drives SipA focus formation and domain F2 (amino acids 280–394) enhances this process by mediating SipA–SipA interactions. SipA variants lacking the F1‐, the F2‐ or the actin binding domain were attenuated in virulence assays, namely host cell invasion and/or virulence in a mouse model for enterocolitis. Our results show that the newly identified SipA domains have distinct functions. Nevertheless, cooperation between the SipA domains F1, F2 and ABD is required to promote Salmonella virulence.


The miscibility in blends of semirigid liquid-crystalline polycarbonate (LCPC) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), partially saponified poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc75) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. These measurements suggested that LCPC forms partially miscible blends with PVA and PVAc75. Blends of PVAc are immiscible. The side-chain hydroxy groups play an important role in improving the miscibilities of the blends.


What is justice? It is a widely divided topic that has been paid attention to through the west philosophy since ancient Greece, and has embodied that the eventual question and value pursuit of human and the meaning of his social being on the layer of morality since the beginning. Serving as a link between and past, Plato (427 BC - 347 BC ) had expounded what justice is in his " Republic" , that is, regardless of an individual or a nation , only did the internal harmony and cosmos achieved, the unfeigned justice be can achieved.


We report coupled‐states cross sections for the ro–vibrational relaxation of the v=1, j=0,2,4, and 6 levels of p H2 in collision with 4He. The correlated potential surface of Raczkowski was used. For a given translational energy the total de‐excitation cross sections are enhanced by initial rotation. Also, a higher degree of initial rotational excitation results in a more sharply peaked distribution of final rotational states. The qualitative energy dependence of the computed cross sections resembles that predicted by earlier three‐dimensional scattering calculations. The addition of the P4(cosϑ) anisotropy into the interaction potential leads to a significant change in the vibrationally inelastic cross sections. The theoretical relaxation rates parallel the experimental values but are about five times smaller.


There are the following stages of accounting expertise: preparation activity (before performing it); planning; the expertise performing in accordance with the worked out plan and program; the control of accounting expertise quality; the end of the accounting expertise. The factors of using the accounting expertise, alongside the other factors of economic control under the conditions of market economy, should be divided into internal and external ones. The methods concerning different sections of accounting should be worked out according to a single scheme. To check every section of the balance sheet the following is needed: a list of basic normative documents; a description of alternative accounting decisions, the choice of which is given to the economic subject in accordance with the Law of Accounting Practice and the Act of Accounting and Financial Statements shown in the accounting policy; initial documents of accounting section; registers of synthetic and analytic accounting and financial statements; a classification of possible law-breaking; a questionnaire compiled by the expert accountant to make up the programme of expertise.


AS OFTEN happens in dermatology, to the confusion of those who are beginning the study of this specialty, the cutaneous disease which I shall discuss in this paper is known by a large number of names. In Germany, for instance, it has been called fibrosarcoma (Virchow), fusocellular fibrosarcoma (Unna), fibroblastic sarcoma or sarcomatous fibroma (Zurhelle) and tuberous or protuberant fibrosarcoma or dermatofibrosarcoma (Hoffmann). In France it is described as progressive and recidivous dermatofibroma of Darier and Ferrand and fibrosarcoma of the skin.1Hertzler2has also described this disease under the name of sarcoma of the skin. These tumors have been described by Bezecny3as dermatofibrosis protuberans et progrediens. McMaster4has named them sarcomatoid fibroma of the skin, and Mosto5has called them neuroma or dermatoschwannoma. DEFINITION According to Woringer,6progressive and recurring dermatofibromas are fibrous tumors of neoplastic evolution which


Background and Objectives: Researchers believe that there is interaction between personality and high risk sexual behaviors .The purpose of this research was to study the personality trait in individuals with high risk sexual behaviors and to compare with that among individuals without high risk sexual behaviors. Materials and Methods: In this study, all individuals with high risk sexual behaviors who referred to AIDS counseling center at Red Crescent community were selected during 3 months. They were matched with a group of normal subjects with regard to demographic characteristics. The data were collected using questionnaire in two categories; demographic items and five factor model inventory. Results: Investigation results showed that the high risk sexual group had significant differences in Neuroticism, flexibility, openness, and Conscientiousness. Conclusion: there is special personality structure that makes people vulnerable to problems such as high risk sexual behavior and subsequently to AIDS. Sever pattern personality traits are seen subjects with high risk sexual behaviors.


Jerome Amaefula passed basic school June 1974 and was admitted into Madonna High School Ihitte, Imo State Nigeria. He passed high school June 1979 and got admitted into University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria September, 1979. He graduated with honors from the university July 1983.Jerome Amaefula passed basic school June 1974 and was admitted into Madonna High School Ihitte, Imo State Nigeria. He passed high school June 1979 and got admitted into University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria September, 1979. He graduated with honors from the university July 1983.


There are relatively few investigations of the free overfall in a trapezoidal channel and its practical use as a flow-measuring device. The flow over a fall in a trapezoidal channel is simulated by that over a sharp-crested weir, taking into account the streamline inclination and curvature at the brink. A general end-depth–discharge relationship, for both subcritical and supercritical flow, is obtained. Discharges predicted using this general relationship are compared with experimental data and with those obtained from other theoretical methods. The surface profiles for the zone between the brink and an upstream section with hydrostatic pressure distribution are also investigated using the energy equation for both subcritical and supercritical flow.


The article is devoted to investigation of the composition and properties of dispersion-strengthened beryllium-based composite alloy, used in various industries, including the aircraft manufacture aircraft. Analyzed the properties of these materials are analyzed to ensure their quality management. The mathematical relationship of dispersion strengthened beryllium-based composite alloy parameters from content of beryllium oxide and temperature are built


Electroless deposited Ni-P-W coatings were investigated as a potential candidate for corrosion prevention of steel rebars subjected to chloride environment. Potentiodynamic polarization was utilized to test corrosion resistance of bare and coated rebars. Taguchi based grey relational analysis was used to predict a bath composition that would result in enhanced corrosion resistance of the coated rebars. Higher corrosion potential (-258 mV) and low corrosion current density (0.065 mA/cm2) could be achieved compared to bare rebars (-653 mV, 11.7 mA/cm2) for a nickel sulphate concentration of 30 g/l, sodium hypophosphite concentration of 17 g/l and sodium tungstate concentration of 20 g/l in the coating bath. The morphology of the bare and coated rebars post corrosion revealed severe cracking of the bare rebars. While the Ni-P-W coated rebar at optimal bath combination predicted by Taguchi method suffered negligible damage in chloride environment with the onset of an oxide layer.


How do non-Humean laws govern regularities in nature? According to the Inference Problem, non-Humean accounts of governing face a central problem: it is not clear how such laws do perform their governing function. Recently, Jonathan Schaffer has argued that the introduction of a law-to-regularity axiom is sufficient to solve the Inference Problem. The authors argue that Schaffer's solution faces a devastating dilemma: either the required axiom cannot, on its own, differentiate the non-Humean account from a Humean account of laws or, if more content is added to the primitive governing posit, it should be shown how and why the 'outfitted' posit obtains in the world. Furthermore, the authors show that those cases that Schaffer presents to motivate his approach are not analogous to the case of lawhood and so they cannot provide justification for his axiomatic solution.


: A noticeable number of people living in extreme poverty still remain high in Bangladesh. It is becoming challenging for the poor or low-income people to pay for their health purpose. Thus they suffered from various diseases and as a result the death rate is increasing day by day. On the other hand, there are many people who have plenty of leftover, cloths, foods and stationary. In this paper, we have proposed cloths, foods and stationary distribution web portal, named 'Helping Hand to Poor People'. The 'Helping Hand to Poor People' is a platform for the donors who want to donate their unused cloths, foods and stationary to the poor or low-income people who need those cloths, foods and stationary. This system will contribute to reduce the cost for national health services by making the proper use of unused cloths, foods and stationary and to help the poor or low-income people to get better health services. The portal was also evaluated with the participants (including admin, donor, NGO personnel and low-income people) and found that the portal is highly effective, efficient and useful system.


Recent debates between modernists and postmodernists have shaken the foundations of modern social science. The epistemological assumptions of long-established procedures for constructing and validating knowledge claims have been called into question. This article discusses how two major contributors to the "new feminist epistemologies"—Dorothy Smith and Patricia Hill Collins—selectively integrate premises of modernist and postmodernist thought into their standpoint approaches. However, the particular premises they select result in significant ontological and epistemological differences between their works. These differences reflect major controversies over materialism versus idealism, as well as essentialism versus diversity. As such, these different standpoints have important implications for feminist scholarship and political practice.


A study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrate and sulfate supplementation on cattle performance and methane emissions in finishing diets and to identify the effect of nitrate and sulfate addition on rumen microbiota composition and function. One hundred and thirty one day feeding trial was conducted using 24 head of cattle (initial BW = 918 lb; SD = 79 lb) where the cattle received one of four treatments no supplementation (CON), 2.0% dietary nitrate (NT), 0.54% dietary sulfate (SF) or both (COMBO), with 6 steers per treatment. Performance, volatile fatty acid (VFAs) profile and CH4:CO2 emissions data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS. Rumen samples were collected and analyzed through amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rDNA gene V4 region. Microbiome richness and composition were analyzed using Qiime2. Microbial genes involved in pathways linked to methanogenesis, nitrate, and sulfate metabolism were identified with metagenomic sequencing. Gene prediction, functional profile and pathway mapping were conducted using KEGG database. In diets with only sulfate or nitrate, diet had no impact on CH4:CO2 emissions, but nitrate and sulfate in combination decreased CH4:CO2. However, a reduction in dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.07) and gain:feed (G:F) (P = 0.09) was also recorded. Significant increase in bacterial genera with H2 utilization capability e.g. propionate, lactate forming bacteria e.g. Prevotella, Bacteroides, Megasphaera, Selenomonas, Lactobacillus; nitrate and sulfate reducing bacteria e.g. Selenomonas, Desulfovibrio was observed in COMBO diet. Differential gene abundance in metabolic pathways illustrated decrease of enzymes linked to methanogenesis in COMBO diet. This study provides evidence that methane yield is linked to diet type and differential gene abundance in the cattle rumen microbiome.


This was a systematic research on poaching strategies in youth tennis double's game.The concept,effects,using principles and categories were explained scientifically,and technique key points,using moments,giving up conditions were lay out.The research gave advice to the training of youth tennis athletes on poaching,aiming at helping them using more and better of poaching strategies,and forming a good tactics system,enhance the ability of double's game.


The interband cascade laser (ICL) is a unique device concept that combines the effective parallel connection of its multiple-quantum-well active regions, interband active transitions, and internal generation of electrons and holes at a semimetallic interface within each stage of the device. The internal generation of carriers becomes effective under bias, and the role of electrical injection is to replenish the carriers consumed by recombination processes. Major strides have been made toward fundamentally understanding the rich and intricate ICL physics, which has in turn led to dramatic improvements in the device performance. In this article, we review the physical principles of the ICL operation and designs of the active region, electron and hole injectors, and optical waveguide. The results for state-of- the-art ICLs spanning the 3-6 μm wavelength range are also briefly reviewed. The cw threshold input powers at room temperature are more than an order of magnitude lower than those for quantum cascade lasers throughout the mid-IR spectral range. This will lengthen battery lifetimes and greatly relax packaging and size/weight requirements for fielded sensing systems.


In the last few years IC3 resp. PDR attracted a lot of attention as a SAT-based hardware verification approach without needing to unroll the transition relation as in Bounded Model Checking (BMC). Motivated by different strengths of forward and backward traversal already observed in BDD based model checking and by an exponential complexity gap between original PDR and its reverted counterpart 'Reverse PDR' (which starts its analysis with the initial states instead of the unsafe states as in the original PDR), we take a closer look at Reverse PDR and we present a combined forward/backward version of PDR that inherits the advantages of both original and Reverse PDR. Our experimental results on benchmarks from the Hardware Model Checking Competition demonstrate clear benefits of the combined approach.


Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH, enoxaparin) to standard heparin (SH) in hemodialysis. Methods: 23 cases of hemodialysis patients with bleeding tendency were given a single predialysis bolus injection of 40 mg enoxaparin as anticoagulant in comparison with SH administered with a routine infusion in 10 cases of stable hemodialysis patients. Thrombus formation in the extracorporeal circuit, KPTT, and dialyzer clearance of urea, creathinine were observed. Results: significant increase (P0.01) was seen in KPTT in SH group compared with LMWH group; there was not significant difference in thrombus formation in the extracorporeal circuit and dialyzer cleaeance of urea, creatinine (P0.05) in the two groups. Thrombus formation in the extracorporeal circuit was minial in 78.9% dialysis sessions, but 3.5% was serious in LMWH group. 3 cases was complicated mild bleeding in central venous catheter sites in LMWH group. Conclusion: A single predialysis bolus injection of LMWH (enoxaparin) gives safe and effective anticoagulation in hemodialysis patients.


It Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don't Run for Office. By Jennifer Lawless and Richard L. Fox. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 220p. $65.00 cloth, $22.99 paper. Women and Elective Office: Past, Present, and Future. Edited by Sue Thomas and Clyde Wilcox. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 344p. $21.95. In comparative perspective, the United States ranks fifty-seventh among the world's nations in terms of female legislative representation. Even elections to state positions, where women have gained over 20% of seats, have lagged in recent years, reflecting a kind of stagnation in the opportunity structure for women at all levels of the political system. However, when women run for office, they win in the same proportions as their male counterparts.


A spent catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, without the use of structural components such as vertical baffles, to provide a method of reproducing. An in regeneration vessel having a lower end and an upper end, a step of forming a dense phase catalyst zone comprising a catalytic cracking catalyst particles, dense phase catalyst zone, dilute phase catalyst zone located in the upper portion the step is located in the lower portion of the bottom of, and forming a high velocity central region and a low speed annular region dense phase catalyst in a band, high velocity central region, the oxygen of high surface velocity in this region formed by introducing containing fluidizing gas flow, a low speed annular region, said step being formed by introducing a low superficial velocity oxygen-containing fluidizing gas flow in this region, the low velocity dense phase catalyst in the band introducing a spent FCC catalyst in the annular region, taking out reproduction catalytic cracking catalyst from the low speed annular region dense phase catalyst in-band process, and spent including the step of removing flue gases from the lower portion of the regeneration vessel method for regenerating FCC catalyst. .FIELD 1


A novel photocatalytic composite material KBr-doped ZnO was prepared using the sol–gel method. The KBr-doped ZnO was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area measurements. As-prepared KBr-doped ZnO exhibited higher photocatalytic activity when compared to the pure ZnO on the removal of oil from oily sewage with a 300W UV lamp as lighting source. Experiments indicated that parameters such as calcining temperature, KBr doping amounts, dosages of catalyst, and pH value have great influence in the photocatalysis reaction.


Objective
This study aims to evaluate the results of one-stage ascending-to abdominal aortic bypass and aortic valve replacement for concomitant aortic coarctation with aortic valve pathology.

Methods
From June 2009 to March 2017, 28 consecutive adult patients(23males and 5 females) with aortic coarctation combined with aortic valve pathology underwent one-stage ascending-to-abdominal aorta bypass and aortic valve replacement or a Bentall procedure. Age 19-59, mean age (33.6±11.6) years; 1 case of coronary heart disease and 12 cases of aortic root tumor.

Results
All patients successfully underwent the one-stage procedure. The mean aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were(71±23) and(113±37)mins respectively. The average post-operative hospital stay was(15.9±4.9) days and the average operation time was(5.2±4.0)h. Systolic blood pressure decreased from(158±36)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) pre-operatively to(121±18)mmHg post-operatively. After the operation, follow-up 3-96 months, No deaths or significant gradients between the upper and lower extremities occurred during follow-up.

Conclusion
Ascending-to-abdominal aortic bypass and concomitant aortic valve procedures are a suitable therapeutic option for severe aortic coarctation combined with aortic valve pathology in adult patients.

Key words:
Aortic valve pathology; Ascending-to-abdominal aortic bypass; Severe aortic coarctation


The net radial flow velocity of gas is an important parameter for understanding galaxy evolution. It is difficult to measure in the presence of the elliptical orbits of an oval distortion because the mathematical model describing the observed velocity is degenerate in the unknown velocity components. A method is developed in this paper that breaks the degeneracy using additional information about the angular frequency of the oval distortion. The method is applied to the neutral hydrogen in the oval distortion of NGC 4736. The neutral hydrogen is flowing inward at a mean rate of −6.1 ± 1.9 km s−1. At this rate, it takes 400 Myr, or 1.7 rotations of the oval distortion, for the neutral hydrogen to travel the 2.5 kpc from the end to the beginning of the oval distortion. The mean mass flow rate of the neutral hydrogen in this region is −0.25 ± 0.11 M⊙ yr−1, which is similar to estimates for the star formation rate reported in the literature.


This paper is well composed in a comprehensive narrative form, and it is a good model for effective thesis development. The writer has revealed thesis elements clearly and early in the paper, has developed and extended these throughout the opening paragraph, and has concluded the first paragraph with a thesis summary. Examples of thesis development appear in blue below. The summary thesis statement, which appears in blue type and is underlined, reflects what has been said so far and predicts what is to come.


This paper presents the design and simulation of an energy-based control strategy to stabilize a quadrotor described with unit quaternions and their axis-angle representation. The mathematical model is based on Euler-Lagrange formulation using a logarithmic mapping in the quaternion space. The proposed solution introduces a new approach: a quaternion-energy-based control, which introduces an energy expression defined as a Lyapunov function. The designed control law allows the stabilization of the vehicle in all its states. Simulation results and an experimental validation are presented to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


In this study, soil-soil solution distribution coefficients (K{sub d}s) for five radionuclides (Se-75, Sr-85, Sn-113, Sb-124, and Cs-137) were determined by batch sorption tests in 142 Japanese agricultural soil samples (63 paddy soil and 79 upland soil samples). The results showed that Se- and Sb-K{sub d} data did not have a normal or a log-normal distribution, but Sr-, Sn-, and Cs-K{sub d} data did have a log-normal distribution. Further, Se-, Sr-, and Cs-K{sub d} values differed between paddy and upland soil samples in t-test (p < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation test was carried out to investigate correlations between K{sub d} values for each radionuclide and soil properties. The combination of the K{sub d} value and the soil property having the highest correlation coefficient (Rs) for each radionuclide was as follows: Se-K{sub d} - concentration of water soluble P (R{sub s} = -0.51); Sr-K{sub d} - concentration of water soluble Ca (R{sub s} = -0.57); Sn-K{sub d} - concentration of water soluble Sr (R{sub s} = 0.57); and Sb-K{sub d} - concentration of water soluble P (R{sub s} = -0.67). Although there were no soil properties which had a good correlation with Cs-K{sub d} values for all soil samples, the bestmore » correlated soil property with Cs-K{sub d} values was concentration of water soluble ammonium ion (R{sub s} = -0.48) for upland soil samples. (authors)« less


Three quarters of the German population aged over 16 have had some experience of natural or complementary remedies, a federal health report by the Robert-Koch-Institute in Berlin has shown.

The report looks at attitudes towards complementary medicine and its applications. Ninety per cent of those who have used a natural remedy would recommend the treatment to others, it says. Users are most likely to …


2-hydroxyterephthalic acid(HTA)was synthesized by modified Koble-Schmitt atmospheric carboxylation method.and refined.The new synthesis method was compared with 2-bromoterephthalic acid(BTA)catalytic hydrolysis.The results showed that crude product HTA with purity of 90% was prepared from HBA by CO2 atmospheric carboxylation for 6 h at 230—240 ℃ in the presence of K2CO3 and potassium formate solvent,and purified through two times acid-alkali refining to obtain polymerization-grade HTA with high-purity of 99.5 % and metal ions of below 50 mg/kg,total yield of above 56%(base on HBA).The prepared HTA was identified by FT-IR and MS,and the process had the advantages of atmospheric carboxylation,convenient operation,excellent product quality,good economy and easy commercialization.The prepared HTA could provide the raw material for new high-preformance materials modified with hydroxy group and new monomers.


【Objective】The scavenging effect of Siegesbeckia leaves extracts on hydroxyl free radical(·OH) was studied to provide references for its further development in medicinal aspect. 【Method】Siegesbeckia leaves extracts were obtained by refluxing in the water-bath. Using single factor and orthogonal test methods, the optimal extraction conditions of scavenging ratio of Siegesbeckia leaves extracts on hydroxyl free radical were determined. 【Result】The factors affecting the scavenging effect of the Siegesbeckia leaves extracts on hydroxyl free radical were found in the following order: material liquid ratio ethanol volume percentage water-bath temperature extraction time. Under the optimal extraction conditions of 1∶10.0 of material liquid ratio, 80% ethanol, and 2.0 hours at 60 ℃ refluxing temperature, the maximum capacity of scavenging effect to hydroxyl free radical was 91.7%. When Siegesbeckia leaves extracts were used as 1.0ml, the scavenging ratio to hydroxyl free radical was 92.6%. 【Conclusion 】Siegesbeckia leaves extracts have antioxidant effects,which shows that Siegesbeckia leaves extracts should be used as natural antioxidant resources for further study.


By using of one-cycle control theory, a novel voltage source inverter is proposed. The conventional one-cycle control (OCC) technique needs that the integrator is reset instantaneously. But it is very difficult to realize by hardware due to the finite time constant of the reset circuitry. Therefore, the paper gives a new control scheme to resolve the problem with dual channel integrator, and also uses the DC offset to implement the voltage measurement. Further more, the amplitude and frequency of the output voltage can be adjusted effectively. For the voltage source inverter, the most important point is the performance of the output voltage. And the Key factor is the harmonic distortion and the modulation index of the inverter. Comparative studies are conducted to characterize the output distortions of the voltage source inverters which controlled by SPWM and OCC. When the influence of switching dead time is considered, the performance of the SPWM controlled inverter is worse than that of the OCC controlled inverter. By comparison, the OCC has shown the better performances. The OCC technique not only provides fast dynamic response, but also can admirably suppress the perturbation yielded by DC source and eliminate the undesired harmonic contents


The aim of the bachelor work is the analysis, design and implemenation of the information system, the purpose of which is the realization of data transfer from the yearling waste producers reports into the information system RISO, using the modern ICT (PHP, XML, MySQL) including the project of transfer file.


This study explored the influence of a formal mentoring program on the leader identity development of participants and how they developed their leader identity during their participation in a non-degree leadership development certification program. The central research question of this study was: How does a participant's identity as a leader develop over time and what influence does a formal mentoring program have on the formation of a leader identity? A qualitative case-study approach with in-depth semi-structured interviews was used to gather the perspectives of participants and mentors. The study included 25 research participants including 11 mentor dyads. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) the mentor partnership-leader identity discovery; (b) leader identity development through critical learning moments; and (c) leader identity development through self-knowledge. Findings of this research suggest that adult learning principles are instrumental components to the leader identity development process. The participants believed that their formal mentoring experience was pivotal to the discovery and development of their leader identity. Additionally, critical reflection on the critical learning moments was another of the key factors that led to their development of their identity as a leader. Suggestions for future research include: (a) the effects of adult learning approaches on leader identity development; and (b) the effect mentoring may have on the different stages of identity development.


Definition. An augmented A-ring is a A-ring R together with A-ring homomorphisms i: Z —* R and e: R —* Z such that ez = 1. Since the Definition implies that i: Z —» R is a monomorphism, we think of ZCK as the multiples of the identity. Let 3 denote the category of augmented A-rings and A-ring homomorphisms which commute with the augmentation. If S £ Ob 9>, we write ßj for the nth term of the y-filtration on B, and T(ß) for the associated graded ring. We note that r(ß)0 = Z. Let & be the category of commutative graded rings A with AQ = Z. We define A: U —» $ as follows: If A £ Ob S, then as a set A(A) = II n A . If a e A(A), we denote the component in A by a and for convenience of notation define aQ = 1 £ AQ and write a as either of the formal expressions


Data of Economic costs of IT project consist of core and base data in economic analysis (national economic evaluation) of IT project. Scientific identification and calculation of economic costs of IT project lay a solid foundation for the economic analysis of IT project. From the point of economic analysis, this paper calculates the economic costs which represent the cost of national economy in IT project. On the basis of economic evaluation of project, this paper analyzed the meaning and features of economic costs of IT project. Furthermore, according to the basic principles of economic costs identification, this paper emphasized on the formation of economic costs with whose features taken into consideration and proposed that the economic costs be composed of direct costs and indirect costs.


Members of 3 NGO's have joined their efforts in organizing activities in our local community for the WFMH World Mental Day (October 10), Global Day Against Pain and European Week Against Pain. The aim of this promotion was to draw attention of the public to such important issues such as mental health and the treatment of chronic pain. The promotional activities lasted for several days and included information stands, round tables and lectures. Information stands have been organized in a frequent pedestrian zone. Our volunteers talked to passers-by, answered their questions and encouraged them o react spontaneously by writing down their opinions. The next day, a round table was held at the Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Hospital Osijek where the professional have discussed about the mind-body issues. After that, a public presentation "Mind-body relationship" and panel discussion "Patient empowerment" have been held. All our activities were presented in our local newspaper "Glas Slavonije" in a number of articles informing the public on mental health matters. Croatian Pain Society, MEDIUS and Society of Hospice Friends, Osijek 1998 published the Osijek Declaration on the rights of patients with chronic pain on May 2003, showing a good example of cooperation between the profession and the patients. After the promotional activities it has been decided for a psychiatrist to work at the Pain Clinic. Medical profession is very diverse, and there' s necessity to specialize and sub specialize in different areas of medicine. But, there' s also need to integrate heterogeneous aspects of mental and somatic pain, as human beings consist of both body and mind.


In this paper,the scheme of wireless long distance real time monitoring and computer energy-saving management system based on B/S network topology was proposed.With this system,long distance real time monitoring and accurate calculation of energy consumption of large public buildings could be realized.It was concluded that the system would be helpful for the management of building energy efficiency.


Background: pneumatization of the middle turbinate is common anatomic variations of lateral nasal wall, whereas rare in the superior and the inferior turbinate. Objective: to compare the efficacy of conchoplasty to lateral partial turbinectomy in the treatment of concha bullosa. Patients and Methods: this study included randomly selected 40 patients, who attended the ENT clinic at Al-Hussein University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University during the period from June 2016 to November 2017.All patients have a symptomatic unilateral or bilateral concha bullosa. Patients were classified randomly into 2 groups; Group (1): 20 patients (50%) underwent lateral partial turbinectomy. Group (2): 20 patients (50%) underwent conchoplasty.
Results: there was complete cure or significant reduction in severity of complaints in 15 patients (75%) who underwent LPT. In the conchoplasty group 17 patients (85%) were significantly symptoms free at the end of the follow up period. 1 case which underwent LPT developed post-operative epistaxis requiring intervention. There were no cases of epistaxis requiring intervention in the conchoplasty group. Other complications noted in the LPT group included synechiae formation in three cases (15%).
Conclusion: as compared to lateral partial turbinectomy, conchoplasty is an equally effective surgery in the treatment of concha bullosa with lesser incidence of complications.


Summary The isolation of 31 strains of influenza virus, type C, from recruits at Great Lakes Naval Training Center during the winter of 1953-54 is reported. A significant increase in hemagglutination-inhibition or complement-fixation antibody titer occurred in the blood sera of 27 of the 29 individuals from whom bleedings had been obtained. There has been no apparent change in the antigenic character of the influenza C viruses since its original isolation.


Despite the longstanding research tradition looking at administration of the death penalty jurisprudentially, scholarship has only begun to examine such punishment within the paradigm of "emotionally intelligent justice." By mapping the intersections of sanctions and emotions, emotionally intelligent justice has been advanced as a way to reduce the cruelty of offenders and of the justice system itself. Utilizing executed inmates' final statements for the period December, 1982 through early June, 2005 and controls for offense and offender characteristics, this study examines the manner in which starkly personal pronouncements manifest in the Texas execution chamber. Descriptive analyses illustrate a broad swath of emotions as offenders approach their deaths, while multivariate models suggest that the presence of homicide survivors (victims' families and friends) at executions facilitates expressions of guilt and repentance, but not defiance, in offenders. Implications for future research are discussed.


Belimumab (Benlysta) is a human monoclonal antibody inhibiting soluble B‐lymphocyte stimulator that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for treatment of active, autoantibody‐positive, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in adults. To date, there have been no published data on the use of belimumab in childhood‐onset SLE.


It is known that the addition of a small amount of carbon nanomaterials significantly improves the mechanical properties of composites with a metal matrix. One of the most important, promising and available metals as a matrix for such modification is aluminum. However, at the interface between the carbon material and Al, aluminum carbides of different composition are formed, which are brittle and have the main disadvantage - solubility in water. Therefore, the appearance of aluminum carbide is a serious problem, since it contributes to the formation of defects, which, when the composite is deformed, leads to cracking of the composite due to the presence of microneedles. In this regard, in order to predict the features of the interaction of aluminum itself with the surface of carbon nanomaterials, it is advisable to model such processes using quantum chemistry methods. The aim of the work was to reveal the effect of temperature on the chemical interaction of aluminum clusters with native, boron-, silicon-, and nitrogen-containing graphene-like planes (GLP). All the calculated by three methods (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), MP2/6-31G(d,p) and PВЕ0/6-31G(d,p)) values of the dependence of the Gibbs free energy on temperature for different cluster sizes of aluminum and graphene-like clusters are the highest for native graphene-like planes. In all cases, the values of the Gibbs free energy increase with temperature. The lowest values of the temperature dependence of the Gibbs free energy vary as dependent on the size of the reactant models and research methods, this is especially characteristic of the presence of boron and silicon atoms in the graphene-like clusters. Therefore, the absence of heteroatoms in the composition of the nanocarbon matrix contributes to the fact that aluminum carbide islands should not be formed in the carbon-containing nanocomposite with aluminum, which negatively affects the physical and chemical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite.


Potassium channel plays an active role in the regulation of membrane potential in vascular smooth muscle and vascular tone. These channels not only participate in the physiological responses to endogenously occurring substances, but also become the therapeutic targets for many synthetic drugs. Information regarding the role of K+ channels in vascular effects of female sex steroid hormones is scarce. We previously showed that K+ channel activation contributed in part to the estrogen-mediated vasorelaxation. In order to examine further whether steroid hormones may have direct interaction with K+ channels, we have recently expressed two types of K+ channels, KCa and KV channels in Xenopus oocytes. It was found that 17s-estradiol increased the large-conductance KCa currents in a concentration-related manner. Tetraethylammonium ions or iberiotoxin inhibited the effect of 17s-estradiol. KCa current was increased by NS 1619 and inhibited by progesterone. BSA-conjugated estrogen also increased KCa currents. Progesterone reduced the estrogen-stimulated KCa currents. KV1.5 channels were also expressed in Xenopus oocytes and inhibited by 4-aminopyridine. Progesterone reduced the KV1.5 current, while estrogen had little effect. These results showed that estrogen could stimulate KCa channels without an effect on KV1.5 channels. Progesterone inhibited the activity of both KCa and KV1.5 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Progesterone was described to antagonize the vascular action of estrogen. Inhibition of K+ channels may be involved in the reported antagonistic effect of progesterone against the estrogen-induced vasorelaxation. (supported by UPGC Direct Grant)


Objective: In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast, contrast enhancements present as mass or nonmass (NM) lesions. This study aimed to test the usefulness of currently accepted T1-weighted Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System predictors and to determine the incremental value of new T2-weighted predictors for differentiation of benign from malignant NM lesions. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing surgery after MRI (1.5-T contrast-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted images) were investigated. Lesions were rated by 2 observers in consensus. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System criteria for NM included spatial distribution, internal enhancement, and dynamic enhancement pattern. Additional criteria on T2-weighted images were signal intensity, presence of intraductal fluid, or cysts at the enhancements location. Independent differentiation criteria (benign vs malignant) were identified by logistic regression followed by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results: Of 316 patients, 65 demonstrated NM. The NM lesions were split almost equally into malignant (34) and benign (31) histology. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System predictors did not differentiate benign from malignant lesions, whereas signal intensity and the presence of cysts on contrast-enhanced T2-weighted images did, with a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 64.5%. Conclusions: Differentiation of NM can be improved using additional T2-weighted images.


This paper aims to explore how visual comprehensibility of a product can affect innovation adoption among the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) consumers in Bangladesh.,This is an exploratory qualitative study based on interviews with eight managerial respondents involved in the design and marketing of innovative products targeted at BOP consumers in Bangladesh and three respondents who are consumers of these products.,One key finding from this research, in comparison to innovation adoption research in developed contexts, is the distinct importance that BOP consumers attach to visual cues in learning about and understanding a new product.,This research provides guidance for private and public sector organisations selling products and services to BOP consumers explaining the role of visual cues in generating better product comprehension. It also identifies the role of social relations in facilitating the adoption of new products within this segment.,By enhancing the adoption of so-called pro-poor innovations, this research can assist in bringing about positive social change and developmental benefits in this burgeoning segment of the market.,This is one of the first studies to consider innovation adoption of pro-poor innovations in BOP markets and one of the first studies to collect data on the role of visual comprehensibility for consumers in BOP markets.


Objective To research the changes of the calmodulin (CaM) activity and its response to the insulin treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat tissues.Methods Thirty two wistar rats were divided into normal control group, 72-hour untreated diabetic group, two-week untreated diabetic group and insulin-treated diabetic group. The diabetes model was established in rats by peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. The CaM activity of the tissues (liver, fat, skeletal muscle and kidney) was measured by Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase assay.Results ①Compared it with the normal control group, the CaM activiy of all the tissues in untreated diabetic groups was reduced obviously (decreased 40%-60% ), which could be restored foward normal after insulin administration, especially in liver, adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. There was no difference between the two untreateel groups. ②The CaM activity of all the tissues has a positive correlation within sulin level in serum.Conclusion Ca2+-CaM system may play an important role in the mechnism of insulin action and in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.


After entering the new century,Shangzhai culture becomes a cultural phenomenon concerned by the whole society.And its deep-seated public social psychology is worthy of our consideration.This paper makes an analysis on the social cultural phenomenon by psychoanalytic theory,finding out the social psychology hidden behind social cultural phenomenon.In light of this situation,we should develop its advantages and avoid disadvantages to play its positive role in society.


Abstract : The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Branch of the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity conducted a three-phase study to assess the environmental effects of depositing 2,907,750 cubic yards of dredged material at the Jacksonville Harbor ocean disposal site designated for such purposes by the Environmental Protection Agency. Approximately 56% (1,637,000 cubic yards) of this material was dredged from the U.S. Naval Station, Mayport, FL. Distribution of dredged material at the disposal site was found to be both vertically and horizontally heterogeneous. Changes in bottom topography, coupled with significant increases of certain heavy metal (Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr) within the disposal site, can be attributed to accumulation of dredged material during the period of investigation. A standard elutriate test indicated that heavy metals were bound to the Mayport dredged material and would not be readily released to the water column during disposal operations.


The differences between UDP and TCP protocols were compared. The advantages of broadcast communication in local area network were proposed. The characteristics of asynchronous broadcast communication were analyzed, and the process how to realize it was presented. An application of asynchronous broadcast communication based on UDP with VC++6.0 in Windows was programmed, and its performance in a simulation system is good enough for real time data communication.


The study examined the perception of first year students (2015-16), faculty of Education Enugu State University of science and Technology towards HIV/AIDS transmission. One research question and one hypothesis guided the study. A survey research design was used to sample 148 students out of which 140 students responded to the study. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. A reliability co-efficient of 0.76 was obtained using Cronbach alfa method of determining internal consistency of instrument. The research question was answered using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. The findings reveal that, first year students of Faculty of Education ESUT have a high perception of transmission modes of HIV/AIDS. In test of hypothesis variables like; sexual intercourse, sharing food with infected persons and use of public toilet were rejected showing there is significant difference. Based on the findings it was recommended among others that, the students should be taught sex and HIV/ AIDS education in schools using trained HIV/AIDS educators/ counselor, who will in turn train the teachers to continue the training sessions. Keyword: Perception, HIV, AIDS, transmission and students. Introduction The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retroviral that infects cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing their function. As the infection progresses, the immune system becomes more susceptible to opportunistic infections. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There were approximately 36.7 (34.0–39.8) million people living with HIV at the end of 2015 with 2.1 (1.8–2.4) million people becoming newly infected with ISSN: 2411-5681 www.ijern.com 288 HIV in 2015 globally as against approximately 35.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS in 2012 (World Health organization2016). In Latin America and the Caribbean, An estimated 2.0 million people are living with HIV, including 100,000 newly infected in 2015. In Brazil the number of people living with the disease (830,000), in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, An estimated 1.5 million people are living with HIV in this region, including 190,000 newly infected in 2015 (Henry, 2016) . The epidemic is driven primarily by injection drug users, which accounted for more than half of new HIV infections in 2015, although heterosexual transmission also plays an important role. Globally, adolescents aged 15 to 19 accounts for an estimated 12 per cent of new HIV infections worldwide. Adolescent girls made up over 65% of all new HIV infections among adolescents in 2015 (WHO 2016). In 2015, nearly three times more adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa were newly infected with HIV. In South Africa 6.3 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in 2013and South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV in the world (about 7.0 million) in 2015. In most other regions of the world, HIV disproportionately affects persons who inject drugs, men who have sex with men and sex workers. The epidemic is evolving, however, transmission patterns are changing throughout the world. Now, infections are steadily spreading into lower-risk populations through transmission to the sexual partners of those most at risk (Henry 2016). The HIV epidemic in Nigeria is complex and varies widely by region. In some states, the epidemic is more concentrated and driven by high-risk behaviors, while other states have more generalized epidemics that are sustained primarily by multiple sexual partnerships in the general population. Youths in Nigeria are particularly vulnerable to HIV, with young women at higher risk than young men. There are many risk factors that contribute to the spread of HIV, including prostitution, highrisk practices among itinerant workers, high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), clandestine high-risk heterosexual and homosexual practices, international trafficking of women, and irregular blood screening. (Global AIDS Response Country Progress Report 2015) The period of military rule, size of the population pose logistical and political challenges to achieve health care equity across geopolitical zones. HIV prevalence is highest in Nigeria's southern states (South South Zone), and stands at 5.5%. It is lowest in the southeast (the South East Zone) where there is a prevalence of 1.8%. There are higher rates of HIV in rural areas (4%) than in urban ones (3%) ( National Agency for control of AIDS 2015). Behaviours and conditions that put individuals at greater risk of contracting HIV according to WHO


One in four IVF pregnancies is a twin birth. This research explored the impact of a multiple IVF birth on maternal mental health and examined whether twin status conferred additional risk for poor mother-infant interaction and parenting stress following a premature birth. It further surveyed factors which had influenced couples' decisions regarding embryo transfer.

A prospective study of 175 mothers conceiving after IVF found mothers of multiples (n=56) had a three-fold risk of scoring above the threshold for depression in the postpartum period. Unsettled and irregular infant behaviour was another independent risk factor. Theme analysis revealed mothers of multiples were more likely to express negative themes such as 'tiredness'. More mothers of singletons described 'feeling wonderful'.

Mothers of premature twins (n=17) were closely matched with mothers of premature singletons and compared using the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS), Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Responsivity subscale and the Parenting Stress Index. There were no differences in maternal NCATS scores but twin infants were less responsive and provided less clear cues. Mothers of twins were less responsive in an everyday setting and 25% (versus 0%) reported extreme levels of parenting stress. Singleton mothers had significantly lower scores for the parent child dysfunctional interaction subscale.

None of the couples surveyed (n=68) had chosen to transfer a single embryo (eSET). Only 19.1% rated desire for twins as an important factor in their decision. Most important was desire to increase the chance of pregnancy (92.6%). Couples perceived eSET as reducing the chance of
pregnancy. Most couples found the decision about number of embryos to transfer easy and rated medical advice as very important suggesting a need for more support for this complex decision.

This thesis established that a single birth offers important psychosocial advantages for both mother and baby, findings which could promote informed decisions regarding embryo transfer.


Background: Dysmenorrhoea is a common gynecological problem affecting 60-70% of the adolescent menstruating females. It has been widely neglected but it known to affect the quality of life and is the major cause of absenteeism among adolescent females. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhea and the management strategies used by the students.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2015 at University of Karachi. A total of 350 female university students were randomly selected and dysmenorrhea was assessed using a self-administrated questionnaire. Data regarding demographic characteristics like age, physical measurements, dietary habits, family history, menstrual history, pattern of pain, pain intensity, stress and use of pharmacological agents used for coping was collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS Version 20.
Results: A total of 350 female students were enrolled in the study, of which 300 reported having dysmenorrhea with high prevalence in follicular phase i.e. 36%. The pain characteristics were also recorded and cramping pain was reported by 20.6% of students followed by stabbing (18.6%) and abdominal distention (9.3%). Among the major associated systemic complaints with dysmenorrhea were headache (54.7%), nausea (50%), LBP (50%) and bloating (43.3%). Majority of females preferred medication for pain relief, ibuprofen was the drug of choice (14%) followed by paracetamol (12%). Among non-pharmacological approaches, relaxing therapy was ideal according to 18.6% of students.
Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea is a prevalent cause of distress among the female students, although the condition is prevalent it is considered as a general complaint and mostly neglected. This menstrual complication is coupled with various symptoms that affect daily activities and quality of life.


Though Confucius' Rule-of-law idea is not systematic enough,it explains a fairly clear position concerning the relationship between ethics and penalty .Though his rule-of-law idea is rather conservative and has its limitations,the ideas put forward,such as the reducing of penalty by way of strengthening moral education and the moderate exercise of penalty,still play an instructive role in pushing on today's constructing of a rule-of-law society.


Ross McCormick PhD MBChB FRNZCGP FAChAM, Director Goodfellow Unit, University ofAuckland and Honorary Visiting Professor, National Addiction Centre, University of London, andRobert Patton MSc C.Psychol AFBPsS, Health Services Research Coordinator for South London andMaudsley NHS Trust Addictions Directorate and Honorary Lecturer, National Addiction Centre,University of London


Thalictrum argyi (Ranunculaceae) had been previously placed in synonymy with T. javanicum . We demonstrate that T. argyi is actually conspecific with T. fortunei . We therefore reduce T. argyi , a later name, to the synonymy of T. fortunei . Lectotypification is proposed for T. fortunei .


The local linear wavelet neural network is an improvement of wavelet network and commonly used learning algorithm is gradient descent method. In this paper, we attempt to predict sunspots using a local linear wavelet neural network and weight perturbation technique like simulated annealing. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Abstract Extract The study of lactation in the ewe and its associated disorders has generally been neglected and mastitis, in particular, has been regarded as a singularly unimportant disease of sheep.


In an effort to determine radiographic predictors of clinical outcome following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), Ziegler et al. compared early and late brain/spine MRI findings between patients with SCI and healthy controls. While early signs of atrophy throughout white matter tracts herald poorer functional recovery in patients with acute SCI in this case-control study, Dr. Domingue reflects on the recovery—and eventual regression—he has seen among patients with spondylotic myelopathy.


In the production process of electronic components such as capacitors, bubble defects will occur inside the devices, which will lead to the loss of the functions of electronic components. Traditional methods for detecting bubble defects have many problems, such as low efficiency and low accuracy. Aiming at the bubble defects of the existing electronic components, an SVM-based detection method was proposed, which combined machine learning and image processing to complete the automatic detection of the bubble defects of electronic components. By using the feedback method, the error results obtained from the model classification are added to the training sample set, so that the problems of insufficient sample quantity and incorrect sample classification are solved. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by capacitor component samples. The accuracy rate was 98.95%, the emission rate was 0.12%, and the error rate was 0.93%. It can be seen that the method proposed in this paper has a good effect on the defect detection of electronic components with the capacitor as an example.


We show the design of a network processing system in an IPv6 based media gateway based on abstract state machine (ASM) logic and show how the design features may help in scalability realization for end-to-end QoS issues in next generation networks. The novelty of the approach lies in the formal algorithmic definition of the processing hardware and generation of physical design unit from the data-driven algorithm function computation at compile time. The design in this paper is used to build an implementation prototype of an IPv6 media gateway with a feature of MPEG4 BIFS-MPEG4 LASeR transcoding, standardization activities of which are being currently pursued at the ISO MPEG MDS.


Stratigraphic and petrologic relationships indicate that the Knifley Sandstone was the product of littoral to infralittoral processes, which deposited sands at the shoaling inner margins of a shallow, Early Mississippian sea. The Knifley Sandstone is an elongate body, 30 mi long, 5 mi wide and up to 200 ft thick, within the Ft. Payne (=Borden) Formation (Lower Mississippian) of south-central Kentucky. This sandstone body trends northwest-southeast, parallel with the regional depositional strike. It is offlapped to the southwest by 2 elongate limestone bodies of similar dimension and orientation. The thick widespread Ft. Payne (=Borden) Formation consists of bioturbated, siliceous dolosiltites. The Knifley Sandstone is a coarsening-upward sequence of fine- to medium-grained, glauconitic, dolomitic, subgraywackes, which grade downward into the underlying Ft. Payne (=Borden) dolosiltites. Extensive bioturbation End_Page 344------------------------------ has destroyed most primary bedding features except the southwest-dipping master bedding. Dielectric anisotropy data indicate long-grain axis orientations toward the southwest, perpendicular to the length of the sandstone body and regional depositional strike. The 2 parallel limestone bodies consist almost entirely of coarse, well-sorted bryozoan-crinoidal biosparites. These limestones contain a minor percentage of terrigenous quartz; silicification of skeletal fossil debris is common. Directional properties in the 2 limestone bodies indicate a southwesterly transport direction. The coarsening-upward sequence of highly bioturbated sandstone with an increase in carbonate downdip indicates a littoral to infralittoral barrier separating a gently shallowing sea on the southwest from its shoreline on the northeast. End_of_Article - Last_Page 345------------


The Blockchain technology provides a way to record transactions or any digital interaction that is designed to be secure, tamper-proof, transparent, highly resistant to outages, traceable and auditable. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is able to link computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and provides the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. These features encourage us to explore the combined application of IoT and Blockchain-based technology. In this paper, we propose a system architecture of blockchain and IoT based intellectual property protection system, which can process three types of intellectual property: 1) Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks etc.; 2) Industrial design, Trade dress, Craft works, Trade secrets etc.; and 3) Plant variety rights, Geographical indications etc. Using blockchain P2P network and IoT devices, the system can help us to establish a trusted, self-organized, open and ecological intellectual property protection system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that applying blockchain technology and IoT technology on traditional intellectual property protection and trade ecosystem.


There is a rising trend of data analysis and visualization tasks being performed on a tablet device. Apps with interactive data visualization capabilities are available for a wide variety of domains. We investigate whether users grasp how to effectively interpret and interact with visualizations. We conducted a detailed user evaluation to study the abilities of individuals with respect to analyzing data on a tablet through an interactive visualization app. Based upon the results of the user evaluation, we find that most subjects performed well at understanding and interacting with simple visualizations, specifically tables and line charts. A majority of the subjects struggled with identifying interactive widgets, recognizing interactive widgets with overloaded functionality, and understanding visualizations which do not display data for sorted attributes. Based on our study, we identify guidelines for designers and developers of mobile data visualization apps that include recommendations for effective data representation and interaction.


The introduction of the anti-interleukin 4 receptor antagonist dupilumab for treatment of moderate to severe atopic eczema was a revolution in the field, and a new era began. There is one minor problem that had already appeared in early clinical trials but is now also observed in daily practice, namely the fact that ca. 10% or sometimes more of the patients develop conjunctivitis. This can be a major problem for some patients. The nature of this conjunctivitis is not well established; it is a bilateral inflammation of the anterior conjunctiva with hyperaemia of the limbus. The mechanism how anti-interleukin 4 triggers this condition is not known. An expert consensus gives recommendations how to deal with this problem in clinical practice (Thyssen et al. in this issue). Independent from any kind of treatment, often people with 'sensitive skin' also complain about ocular problems. The nature of 'sensitive eyes' is not well defined. In a large study in France, 50% of people reported to have 'sensitive eyes', and the majority of them were women. Moreover, 18% reported to suffer from 'sensitive eyelids'. As potential triggering factors they mentioned sun, dust, dry air or work with a computer. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon of sensitive eyes or sensitive eyelids are not well understood. But obviously triggers are perceived as coming from the environment (Misery et al. in this issue). A study from South Korea investigated the effect of air pollutants upon healthy skin in 188 volunteers, mostly women, who for at least 2 weeks took daily selfies of their faces using a special smartphone application. A score with regard to wrinkles, spots and other problems was developed and correlated with the concentration of various air pollutants. There was a significant association of fine particles (PM2.5) exposure with the wrinkle index for facial skin (Park et al. in this issue). The study shows that ambient air pollution affects individuals not only with sensitive skin or atopic eczema as has been shown previously also in this journal, but also normal skin. The chance to study these phenomena by new technologies such as smartphone applications opens the way to new and large studies in various populations. Drug intake is often regarded as elicitor of untoward symptoms especially after long-term use. There is a continuous debate as to whether finasteride used for treatment of androgenetic alopecia has an influence on the sexual health of men. In a recent study from USA and Canada, 762 male participants were examined for their sexual life experiences and possible problems using the Arizona Sexual Experience scale (ASEX). The majority of them were finasteride users; they showed no difference in the sexual experience scale compared to men of equal age who did not use finasteride. The authors conclude that there is no measurable effect on libido or other sexual life parameters by use of finasteride (Haber et al. in this issue). Psychosocial influences can also be regarded 'environmental', in the worst cases occurring under circumstances such as crime, war or abuse of political power. Unfortunately, the occurrence of torture has become more frequent in some parts of the world more than ever. Torture victims most often show signs on the skin. The skin can serve as an organ to document injustice or criminal behaviour in torture victims. This is a new aspect of dermatology in the sense of 'forensic dermatology in vivo'. One has to be aware of this problem especially in refugee populations and also learn to see and understand the various sequelae of torture on the skin (Clarysse et al, this issue). So the dermatologist becomes involved not only in treating the manifold skin problems in refugees, but also in evaluating torture sequelae and giving recommendations for psychological rehabilitation. At the same time, also the critical skin examination can provide evidence for self-inflicted or 'fake' lesions which makes the issue more difficult. For most of our readers, we hope that sun exposure may be the most important environmental hazard in the next summer months – as proverb goes, prevention is better than cure!


Introduction:  Access to the upper urinary tract to exclude or treat recurrent transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is not infrequently required in patients who have previously undergone urinary diversion in the management of invasive bladder carcinoma. This can be a technically difficult procedure. We describe a method which simplifies the diagnosis and treatment of upper tract TCC posturinary diversion.

Patients and Methods:  Four patients who had previously required urinary diversion (3 ileal conduit, 1 ileal neobladder) underwent flexible uretero-renoscopy after antegrade skinny-needle renal puncture and placement of a guidewire down the ureter into the ileal conduit. The guidewire is then externalised. A second guidewire is placed in a retrograde fashion using a double lumen catheter or an exchange guidewire set, and this second guidewire is then used as a guide for insertion of the flexible ureteroscope. This guidewire may be replaced repeatedly during the procedure to facilitate multiple biopsies.

Results:  All patients were treated successfully and without complication from placement of the percutaneous guidewire. Operating time was under one hour in all cases.

Conclusions:  Flexible uretero-renoscopy of the upper urinary tract postileal urinary diversion can be made easier and less time consuming by preliminary placement of a percutaneous antegrade guidewire.


New methods for transonic flow computations based on the full potential equation in conservation form are presented. The idea is to modify slightly the density (due to the artificial viscosity in the supersonic region), and solve the resulting elliptic-like problem iteratively. It is shown that standard discretization techniques (central differencing) as well as some standard iterative procedures (SOR, ADI, and explicit methods) are applicable to the modified transonic mixed-type equation. Calculations of transonic flows around cylinders and airfoils are discussed with special emphasis on the explicit methods that are suitable for vector processing on the STAR 100 computer.


mong biotic communities in river Yamuna, plankton population ranged from 237 ul-1 to 2570 ul-1, periphyton 917 ucm2 to 4913 ucm-2 and bottom biota 100 nom-2 to 1366 nom-2. Euglenophyceae was not recorded in upper and lower stretch while it was maximum in the middle stretch. Molluscs were noticed in lower stretch only. Diversity index lies between 0-2.9 indicating moderate to high pollution in the river Yamuna. Increased percentage of zooplankton in the middle stretch particularly at Delhi and Mathura is also a symptom of eutrophication. Palmer algal genera pollution index also revealed heavy pollution in the middle stretch of the river. Key words: Plankton, periphyton, benthos, abundance, composition, pollution, diversity


Objective To provide an information monitoring software for therapy drug,which can automatically construct safe concentration scope,statistically analyses data,query and input data.Methods TDMIS is developed by Powerbuilder 9.0 and is run in WIN 98 or the copy over it.2062 cases are analyzed through TDMIS and a safe concentration scope is set.Conclusion TDMIS is a practical software.It can make drug prescription standardized,computerized and easy to be statistically analyzed.The working efficiency and quality of clinical apothecary are greatly improved.


ABSTRACT D-limonene is a common monoterpene found in nature. Previously, it has been demonstrated that it has antiproliferative effects on a lymphoma cell line by increasing the nitric oxide (NO) level. In the present work this mechanism is analyzed by evaluating the participation of MAP38 and ERK pathways. Limonene increased the NO levels by inducing cell apoptosis by two mechanisms: through the production of H2O2 and ERK pathway activation at low concentrations, and through the inhibition of farnesylation of proteins and O2− production at high concentrations. Both mechanisms were related to the increase in total nitrites, and the production of oxidative stress intermediates was involved.


Community metabolism plays a crucial role in the carbon dynamics of continental aquatic ecosystems. In the present work, two Mediterranean reservoirs (Southern Spain) with different trophic status were monitored during the stratified phase over two consecutive years (2009 and 2010) to evaluate community metabolic dynamics and potential controlling factors. Dark and light incubations were performed in order to estimate the daily rates of gross production (GP), community respiration (CR) and net community production (NCP). Temperature, irradiance, chlorophyll, phosphorus and carbon concentration were also measured at different depths within the mixed layer. On average, results showed heterotrophic behavior (GP < CR) in both reservoirs, which was particularly evident in the more eutrophic reservoir. Interannual climate variability was high due to the exceptionally rainy winter of 2010. This resulted in a significant decrease in the magnitude of the heterotrophic balance in both reservoirs. The change in NCP was especially evident in the most eutrophic reservoir where high water renewal rates lead to a lower CR. In general, NCP was found to be directly related to the ratio between the euphotic layer depth and the mixed layer depth, and inversely related to the particulate phosphorus concentration. Autotrophic behavior was only found in conditions of high irradiance (mixed layer shallower than euphotic layer), relatively low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (<6 mg L−1) and particulate phosphorus (<10 μg L−1), and moderate chlorophyll concentration (2–9 μg L−1), albeit these conditions did not always lead to a net autotrophic balance.


M. Arruabarrena, A. Leonardo, 3 M. Rodriguez-Vega, Gregory A. Fiete, 6 and A. Ayuela 3 Materials Physics Center (CFM), 20018 Donostia, Spain Department of Applied Physics II, University of the Basque Country UPV/ EHU, Bilbao, Spain. Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Spain Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (Dated: August 25, 2021)


This paper discussed the influencing factors which affected the coal pricing mechanism from aspects such as coal market and national policies,moreover,combining with coal pricing mechanism of foreign countries and many examples in China.The developing history of Chinese coal pricing mechanism and its existing problems were also demonstrated,and taking steam coal index from around Bohai sea area as bases of Chinese of steam coal pricing mechanism was proposed in this paper too.


Some dangers of the use of multiple choice questions are described. In particular, carefully selected questions drawn from published sources contain grammatical clues which enable examinees with a particular sort of linguistic knowledge to gain extra marks.


characterized by decreased compliance of the chest wall and impaired ventilatory mechanics, (1,2) leading to chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF). Patients with kyphoscoliosis and post-tuberculosis sequelae (TbS) have a higher risk of CHRF, depending on the degree of deformity and the age of onset. (3) The clinical presentation of CWDs is usually nonspecific, with a restrictive lung pattern


Mexico is the center of origin of Gossypium hirsutum cotton; 11 of the 13 wild species of Gossypium in the occidental hemisphere are endemic to Mexico. In 2009- 2011, different activities were carried out focused on the elaboration of the diagnosis of genetic resources of cotton in Mexico. The results obtained in this study showed that on several expeditions done by Mexican and foreign scientists in 1978-2006, 980 accessions were collected in Mexico, G. hirsutum being the species with the greatest amount of gathered data, while the species with less gathered data were: G. armourianum, G. shwendimanii, G. laxum and G. arboreum. These accessions are stored at germplasm banks in the United States, China and Russia. The most widely recollected species is G. hirsutum, followed by G. aridum, the arborescent diploid wild species. The Gossypium genus is distributed throughout Mexico with a high endemism level; the areas with more natural diversity are located mainly in the southern and coastal areas of the country.


In the 5th European Pharmacopoeia a thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) technique based on analysis of ascorbic acid only is stipulated for qualitative analysis of Rosae pseudofructus, a drug from the dog rose. In this paper a new, simple method is proposed in which the TLC pattern of the flavonoid content is used for effective and reliable quality control of the drug. The method can also be used for identification of different Rosa L. species. The proposed assay uses ultrasound-assisted extraction then clean-up by solid-phase extraction before chromatographic analysis. Quercetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, catechin, and gallic acid are used as markers. The results reveal that the polyphenol composition of rose pseudo-fruits furnishes a specific TLC chromatogram fingerprint which might be helpful for quality assurance and detection of adulteration of crude extracts.


EEmpirical results and the global standing of advanced technology of the Korean automotive industry revealed that the competitiveness of the automotive components suppliers is far behind that of assembled vehicle manufacturers. The returns to scale (RTS) of the assembled vehicle manufacturers showed strong increasing return to scale (IRS), whereas the automotive components suppliers displayed decreasing return to scale (DRS). The average total factor productivity (TFP) growth of the assembled vehicle manufacturers was ten times greater than that of the automotive components suppliers in the past decadce. The technical progress (TP) has been a key contributor to the TFP growth of both sectors, but the strength of the capital-using technical progress (TP) of the automotive components suppliers was less than half of that of the assembled vehicle manufacturers. The paradigm shift of the automotive industry urges persistent, collaborative R&D between the two sectors against expeditions commercialization of Next Generation Vechiles (NGV).