PURPOSE
Evaluation of conjunctival microflora in patients with cataract, during the early post-operative period.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
One hundred twenty patients scheduled for cataract extraction were evaluated. In each patient, conjunctival swab was taken directly after cataract surgery and two to three days postoperatively. Following surgical procedure all patients received topical antibiotics alone or along with steroids. The agents were placed into conjunctival sac of the operated eye. Ophthalmic ointments were administered HS and eye drops QID.

RESULTS
9.2% (11 patients) of the cultures of conjunctival swabs collected right after surgical procedure were positive for growth with predominantly Gram-positive organisms, mainly Staphyloccocus spp. These, were compared with 24.2% (29 patients) of positive cultures from conjunctival swabs collected two to three days later. 4.2% of the latter were also positive when taken in the operating room, immediately after a surgical procedure. The remaining 20.0% of positive cultures swabbed two to three days after surgery were resulted from the contamination of conjunctival sac with germs during the postoperative hospitalisation.

CONCLUSIONS
There is a risk of early post-operative infection in patients undergoing cataract surgery. It is caused by the appearance of microflora in the conjunctival sac.


The Court of Appeal, England, upheld a lower court's decision authorizing doctors treating an infant who was a ward of the court, and who suffered from severe mental and physical disabilities, not to reventilate him if his breathing stopped. The Court of Appeal held that it was appropriate to balance the best interests of the child, from the child's point of view, giving fullest possible weight to the child's desire to survive if he were able to make a sound judgment, and taking into account the pain and suffering and quality of life which he would experience if his life was prolonged against the pain and suffering engendered by the proposed treatment. In this case, the invasive and hazardous nature of reventilation, and the extremely unfavorable prognosis with or without it, made it in the best interests of the ward that authority for treatment be withheld.


The present invention 7-1 and 28- day compressive strength is remarkably promote containing C Advanced tree alkanolamine additives for strength enhancement can be mutually grinding the cement clinker in the cement can be mixed with the powder, or finish grinding.


In one embodiment, an upper power limit and an average power limit are specified for each server of a computer system. Power to each server is controlled so that the instantaneous power consumption does not exceed the upper power limit and the average power consumption does not exceed the average power limit. Servers whose average power consumption is currently less than the average power limit are identified. The instantaneous power consumption of each identified server is temporarily allowed to exceed its average power limit, to maximize server throughput. In cases where the average power limit of a device is reduced, such as may occur during peak energy pricing hours, the instantaneous power consumption of the device may be throttled down below the average power limit until the average power consumption no longer exceeds the average power limit.


This paper mainly access the advantage of new-style air-conditional technology to the air-cooled technology of solid transmitter.It also explains the imagination,way and expounds effect of the digital scroll technology which has high-efficiency saving-energy,applied to cooling system of radio and TV broad-cast solid-state transmitter,putting forward a new method of cooling for all-solid state transmitter.


With the further development of open-up and more communication,the nowadays college students hold very tolerant attitudes towards religion,they even accept the effect of religion initiatively.In university students,there exists the phenomenon of religions ambiguity to a certain degree.Through present the phenomenon,the article analyzed its origin with multi-faces and multi-angles,posed some feasible suggestions briefly.


In this work, the AlGaN/GaN monolithic inverters were integrated by the enhancement-mode metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (E-mode MOSHEMTs) and the depletion-mode metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (D-mode MOSHEMTs). For the fabrication of the E-mode MOSHEMTs, the LiNbO3 (LNO) ferroelectric films deposited on the photoelectrochemically (PEC)-recessed structure effectively compensated the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel existed in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. For the fabrication of the D-mode MOSHEMTs, the PEC wet etching method and the surface treatment were utilized to form the various-thick etched AlGaN layers with low surface defects. Therefore, the operating current of the D-mode MOSHEMTs could be controlled. Finally, the resulting monolithic inverters with a suitable current ratio (β) of 25 were successfully fabricated. The corresponded output swing (between VOH-VOL), the noise margin high (NMH: VOH-VIH), and the noise margin low (NML: VIL-VOL) were respectively about 4.9 V, 1.9 V, and 1.7 V, when the input signal was 5 Vp-p. Most importantly, the corresponded output voltage (Vout) was 2.5 V which equaled to the half of VDD according to the voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) of the resulting inverters, when the input voltage (VIN) was 2.5 V. It indicated that the monolithic inverters have an unskewed inverter property.


Background: The Salvia plant and their metabolites are well reported for their valuable therapeutic effects and as potential remedies for treatment of many diseases. Salvia libanoticum is an endemic species to Lebanon where its metabolites have never been investigated. Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the potential of abietane diterpenes from the roots of Salvia libanoticum as anticancer agents and explore some essential chemical features. Materials and Methods: Crude extract from the roots of Salvia libanoticum was separated using chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic analysis. The anticancer activities of the isolated compounds along with the crude extract were evaluated against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HCT116 human colon cancer cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Eight abietane diterpenes were isolated to be royleanone (1), 6,7-dehydroroyleanone (2) orthosiphonol (3), horminone (4), 7α-acetylhorminone (5), taxoquinone (6), 8,9-epoxy-7-oxoroyleanone (7), and 7-oxoroyleanone (8). All compounds including the extract revealed dose-dependent inhibitory effects that varied between the two cell lines, indicating cell-type specificity and suggesting different cell-compound interactions. Discussion: The most effective compound was found to be 7α-acetylhorminone, with IC50 of 18 and 44 μM on HCT116 and MDA-MB-132 cells, respectively. The results suggested that oxygenated C7 is essential for the cytotoxic activity. Moreover, the carbonyl group at position C7 leads to higher activity than the hydroxyl group. Conclusion: This study reported the potential of abietane diterpinoids as anticancer agents. It also suggested Salvia libanoticum and its diterpinoids as promising remedies in colon and/or breast cancer therapy. Further studies are needed to explore the exact interaction of these compounds with cancer cells at molecular level.


How to frame a novel transactional model for attending to both patient and physician character styles and provide strategies for identifying and managing these interactions.


The imaging technique of X-ray radiography is useful for the inspection of parts used in military aircraft. Given a source/detector/object configuration, a two-dimensional radiographic image is collected. Using a series of these images, a three-dimensional image of a part is constructed in which defects can be detected. The inverse problem of interest is to estimate, to an arbitrarily high degree of accuracy, the position of the X-ray source and detector system based upon a given object's geometry and its radiographic image. A least squares approach is taken, and the optimization technique DIRECT-1 is applied to the resulting constrained minimization problem. Numerical results are presented. Based upon those results, conclusions are made and possibilities for future work are discussed. We end with an idea for a different approach to finding the solution to the problem. 1.2 Introduction and Motivation Boeing Corporation manufactures high-performance military aircraft which are used in Class I efforts involving dangerous missions or serious risk to pilot safety. The high integrity of Class I aircraft components is therefore of the utmost importance. Aircraft parts may be manufactured through either forging or mold casting methods. Cast parts have many benefits over forged parts. They are lighter, are easier to produce, and provide a four to one cost benefit. Nevertheless, forged parts are used exclusively because cast parts are difficult to manufacture 1Montana State University 2University of Maryland, Baltimore County 3University of Southern Mississippi 4East Tennessee State University 5University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 6North Carolina State University 7Univerity of California, Los Angeles


High rates of firm births and deaths are a pervasive phenomenon across industries and territories. Most studies have related the great turbulence at the fringe of practically all manufacturing industries to positive effects on the long run performance of industries. Our contribution analyses the relationship between business dynamics in manufacturing and the growth of total factor productivity in industries and regions. After a review of current literature on entry and exit, it is argued that most models are tailored to suit the processes observed in industries and regions that are near the technological frontier, and we propose a model that could be more representative of middle range economies such as Spain. The results show that both entry and exit rates contribute positively to the growth of total factor productivity in industries and in regions.


An arrangement of at least one personal service unit in a vehicle, the vehicle end, a rail is arranged at least comprising at least one conductor. The personal service unit has at least a current collector, which is arranged such that it contacts the conducting at least one conductor of the rail in the installed state of the personal service unit in the vehicle.


Clark bases her interpretation of Niro's paintings and photographs on issues of native identity and self-representation. Biographical notes. 2 bibl. ref.


Introduction Workplace bullying is a serious problem in Britain's workplaces. It is a source of considerable individual suffering and weakens the performance of organisations. Yet, despite a growing awareness of the negative outcomes associated with bullying, and of the significant wider costs to society and the economy, its complexity continues to pose a challenge for those seeking to prevent and manage such behaviours in the workplace. It is also clear that in many workplaces bullying is not taken seriously enough.


Features of sporadic decameter solar radio emission associated with some active regions according to observations made with radio telescope UTR-2 on August 1, 2014 are considered. Analysis of characteristics of type IV bursts, fiber-bursts and type III bursts, which were preceded and followed by type IV bursts, was carried out. Similarity of origins of fiber-bursts and type III bursts. By the frequency drift rate, they are distributed by statistically independent groups. Each group of bursts and that of type IV bursts were identified with radio emission from a particular active region. The plasma parameters in these regions and their variations while generating type IV bursts are estimated. Key words: group of active regions, decameter wavelength range, type IV bursts, fiber bursts, type III bursts, identification, generation regions, plasma parameters Manuscript submitted 07.05.2014 Radio phys. radio astron. 2014, 19(4): 295-306 REFERENCES 1. BOISCHOT, A., 1958. Etude du rayonnement radioelectrique solairesur 169 MHz e l'aide d'un grand interferometre a reseau. Ann. d'Astrophys ., vol. 21, pp. 273. 2. GINZBURG, V. L. and ZHELEZNIAKOV, V. V., 1959. On the Possible Mechanisms of Sporadic Solar Radio Emission (Radiationin an Isotropic Plasma). Astron. Zh. (Sov. Astron), vol. 35, pp. 694–705. 3. MELNIK, V. N., RUCKER, H. O. and KONOVALENKO, A. A., 2008. Solar Type IV Bursts at Frequencies 10–30 MHz. In: PINGZHI WANG, ed. Solar Physics Research Trends. New York: Nova Science Pub., pp. 287–325. 4. ZAQARASHVILI, T. V., MELNIK, V. N., BRAZHENKO,A. I., PANCHENKO, M., KONOVALENKO, A. A., FRANZUZENKO, A. V., DOROVSKYY, V. V. and RUCKER, H. O., 2013. Radio seismology of the outer solar corona. Astron. Astrophys, vol. 555, id. A55. DOI: 10.1051/0004-361/201321548 5. MELNIK, V. N., KONOVALENKO, A. A., BRAZHENKO, A. I., RUCKER, H. O., DOROVSKYY, V. V., ABRANIN, E. P., LECACHEUX, A. and LONSKAYA, A. S., 2010. Bursts in emission and absorption as a fine structure of Type IV bursts. Astrophysics and Cosmology after Gamow: Proc. 4th Gamow International Conf. Astrophysics and Cosmology After Gamow and the 9th Gamow Summer School "Astronomy and Beyond: Astrophysics, Cosmology, Radio Astronomy, High Energy Physics and Astrobiology". AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1206, pp. 450–454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3292553 6. BOIKO, A. I., MELNIK, V. N., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ABRANIN, E. P., DOROVSKYY, V. V. and RUCKER, H. O., 2012. Decametric radio bursts associated with the 13 July 2004 CME event at frequencies 10–30 MHz. Adv. Astron. Space Phys. , vol. 2, no. 1. pp. 76–78. 7. BRAZHENKO, A. I., MELNIK, V. N., KONOVALENKO, A. A., ABRANIN, E. P., DOROVSKYY, V. V., VASHCHISHIN, R. V., FRANTZUSENKO, A. V. and RUCKER, H. O., 2010. Observations of the Solar Continuum Radio Emission at Decameter Wavelengths. Astrophysics and Cosmology after Gamow: Proc. 4th Gamown International Conf. Astrophysics and Cosmology After Gamowand the 9th Gamow Summer School "Astronomyand Beyond: Astrophysics, Cosmology, Radio Astronomy, High Energy Physics and Astrobiology". AIP Conf. Proc, vol. 1206, pp. 440–444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3292551 8. BRAUDE, S. Y., MEGN, A. V. and SODIN, L. G., 1978. Decameter wave band radio telescope UTR-2. In: Anteny . Moscow, USSR: Svyaz'. no. 26, pp. 3–14 (in Russian). 9. Student. The probable error of a mean. 1908. Biometrika , vol. 6. no. 1, pp. 1–25. 10. GOPALSWAMY, N., 2004. A Global Picture of CMEs in the Inner Heliosphere. In: G. Poletto and S. Suess, ed. The Sun and the Heliosphere as an Integrated system. Astrophys. Space Sci. Libr . Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Publ., vol. 317, pp. 201–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2831-1_8 11. HARTZ, T. R., 1969. Type III solar radio noise bursts at hectometer wavelengths. Planet. Space Sci. , vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 267–287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(69)90044-0 12. MELNIK, V. N., KONOVALENKO, A. A., RUCKER, H. O., RUTKEVYCH, B. P., DOROVSKYY, V. V., ABRANIN, E. P., BRAZHENKO, A. I., STANISLAVSKY, A. A. and LECACHEUX, A., 2008. Decameter Type III like bursts. Sol. Phys. , vol. 250, no. 1, pp. 133–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-008-9166-z 13. MELNIK, V. N., KONOVALENKO, A. A., RUCKER, H. O., BOIKO, A. I., DOROVSKYY, V. V., ABRANIN, E. P. and LECACHEUX, A., 2011. Observations of Powerful Type III Bursts in the Frequency Range 10-30 MHz. Sol. Phys ., vol. 269, no. 2, pp. 335–350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9703-4


Aspergillosis is one of the most frequent mycosis affecting avian species. Here, we report an outbreak of aspergillosis in a backyard flock of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), aged between 4 wks to 1 year with respiratory signs as dyspnea, gasping and nasal discharge, and up to 14.28% mortality. At necropsy, congested lungs, exudative trachea-bronchitis, airsacculitis and extensive multifocal granulomatous pneumonia were recorded. Histopathology examination revealed chronic multifocal mycotic granulomatous pneumonia. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified by microbiologic study from air sacs and lungs of all autopsied animals. Farm floor was disinfected and bedding material was changed followed by treatment of ducks with copper sulphate (1 g/5 liters) in drinking water fortnightly for two months. Clinical signs and mortality were abided after two months. To the best of our knowledge, this work appears to be the first report of Aspergillosis in ducks in Tunisia.


What might the study of French in the United States have to do with the French civilizing mission? Why has the choice of French by American students been so gendered? What is, and what has been, the social significance of French studies in the United States? In this essay, I propose to sketch out a partial answer to such questions by placing Laurence Wylie's work along a more extended continuum stretching back to 1894, when the Alliance Francaise started its first school for foreigners in Paris, followed in 1919 by the Sorbonne's renowned Cours de civilisation francaise. Wylie's work, like our own, is a part of this historical continuum and, as I will argue here, understanding the deeper structures upon which this work rests can help us make informed choices about the scholarship and teaching of French studies today.


Abstract Rolling element bearings are highly stressed in the contact area. For the design of these bearings both the knowledge of the acting contact stress and material and application specific stress limits are important. Data about stress limits are typically derived from rig testing results. Besides a statistic evaluation of life tests also an X-ray diffraction analysis of tested bearing components is possible. An X-ray analysis enables the detection of structural changes during the overrolling process. This kind of analysis can also be performed on bearings after use in field. A comparison between evaluation results from rig testing and from field experience enables the possibility to check the transferability from rig testing to the use in field. Several fatigue-exposed bearing components coming from different kinds of testing, were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Also, components from aeroengine bearings after use in field are investigated. All these bearing parts are made from M50, a high-speed steel which is used in critical aeroengine bearing applications. By comparing results from rig testing with results from use in field, it can be demonstrated, that it is possible to transfer findings from rig testing to the use in field.


This paper presents a design and implementation of a remote temperature data transmission system through a mobile communication network called GSM network.The system includes two parts.Part one is related to hardware design and implementation,which is mainly consisted of digital temperature sensor DS18B20,displayer LCD1602,single chip AT89S52 and GSM communication TC35 mode.The description in detail for the above mentioned hardware is especially focused on how AT89S52 to be linked with the rest parts to form a system.Part two is related to software programming for controlling the hardware system.Also,the paper presents how the digital temperature sensor is controlled by single-chip 51 as a controlling core programmed with C language,how the lower temperature limitation is set up through a keyboard,how a mobile phone number is input and how a temperature value is transmit to the monitoring terminal through TC35.Finally,the total design results have been discussed and the features of the designed system have been concluded.


Abslract-A numerical approach based on the finite-element method is described for the analysis of periodic waveguides for acoustic waves. The validity of the method is confirmed by comparing the numerical results for the dispersion curves of horizontal shear (SH) waves in a groove grating on an isotropic material with the experimental results. The application of this approach is also demonstrated by investigating the propagation characteristics of SH surface waves in a groove grating on a layered isotfopic material. Furthermore, ror a groove grating on a piezoelectric material, the stop-band width and the center-rrequency shift in the dispenion diagram ror Rayleigh waves are calculated, which afe important parameters ror design of a reflector, and the Influences or groove shape on these parameters are examined.


Linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) dermatosis (LAD) of childhood is a self-limiting blistering eruption. At histology, the blisters are subepidermal and may be reported as resembling dermatitis herpetiformis or bullous pemphigoid. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of normal or perilesional skin shows a linear band of IgA at the basement membrane. Many of the patients also have a circulating IgA antibody against the basement membrane. Diagnosis of this condition in a resource constrainedcenter, where immunofluorescence is unavailable, may pose diagnostic challenges, and may therefore require high index of suspicion. We describe a case of LAD of childhood in a 7-year-old boy in this report.


The Dancoff correction has an important role in the calr moderated lattices. By use of the method of Dancoff and Ginsburg, it is shown how to take account of the shadowing of distant neighbors by near neighbors. Although these results are in good agreement with Monte Carlo calculations, the method is very complicated and laborious. A new approximate analytical formula for the Dancoff correction is developed which is much simpler and which gives good agreement with the Monte Carlo results. (auth)


This is a brief editorial overview of the work devoted to nonlinear optics in the current issue. The first ten letters of this special issue were prepared by participants to the XI International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics Applications held in Toruń, Poland in September 2011. These International Workshops have been organised since 1992 by researchers at the Warsaw University of Technology and the West Pomeranian University of Technology. The Workshops have dealt with experimental and theoretical aspects of the applications of nonlinear optics, but also with the related photonic phenomena. In the last Workshop in Toruń there were almost 30 participants from USA, Canada, Germany, France, Sweden, Romania, Finland, Italy and Poland (some of them are in Fig. 1). The work reported here covers a spectrum of nonlinear optics and its applications: nematicons, i.e. spatial solitons in nematic liquid crystals (G. Assanto et al. and by F. A. Sala and M. A. Karpierz), spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction E-mail: email@example.com (SPIDER) using four wave mixing (A. Pasquazi et al.), self-focusing in Kerr media with both linear and circular birefringence (K. A. Rutkowska et al.), theoretical calculations of third order nonlinearity (A. Karakas et al.), measurements of nematic liquid crystals parameters by nonlinear optical methods (B. W. Klus et al.), modeling of photorefractive multiple quantum well waveguides (E. Weinert-Rączka and M. Wichtowski), paraxial geometrical optics for nonlinear beam propagation (P. Berczyński and Yu. A. Kravtsov), spatio-temporal pulses in cubic-quintic Kerr like nonlinear media (J. Jasiński). Finally, the issue contains also a report on fluorescence measurement of hybrid nanostructures composed of lightharvesting complex LH2 from purple bacteria and gold nanorods (L. Bujak et al.). The variety of contents in the current issue shows that nonlinear optics is still quite a vibrant field [1].


Thermally stimulated shape memorypolymers (SMP) are defined by their ability to store and recoverstrains when subjected to a particular thermo-mechanical cycle. The thermo-mechanical behavior of SMPs can be tailored by modifying the molecular structure of the polymer. In this article, the shape memory behavior of thermoplastic segmented polyurethane (TSPU) as a function of hard segment (HS) has been reported. The experimental results showed that tailoring of hard and soft segment is extremely necessary for TSPU showing shape memory behavior. The thermo-mechanical properties of TSPU with four different concentrations of hard segment viz. 58.7, 47.9, 37.5, and 31.0% have been studied in this article. TSPU with 58.7% of hard segment content would not able to elongate even up to 30% in experimental condition. However, all other three samples show good shape memory behavior.


A 56-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use and multiple infectious complications developed candida fungemia, which was initially treated with fluconazole and then liposomal amphotericin. At admission, he had normal calcium, phosphate, and magnesium but developed persistent hyperphosphatemia (phosphotungstate on Beckman DCxI) with values of 5 to 6.5 mg/dL (reference interval 2.5–4.5 mg/dl) despite only mild, stable renal …


Abstract : A discussion is presented of some of the problems of flutter and aeroelasticity that are or may be important at high speeds. Various theoretical procedures for treating high Mach number flutter are reviewed. Application of two of these methods, namely, the Van Dyke method and piston-theory method, is made to a specific example and compared with linear two- and three-dimensional results. It is shown that the effects of thickness and airfoil shape are destabilizing as compared with linear theory at high Mach number. In order to demonstrate the validity of these large predicted effects, experimental flutter results are shown for two rectangular wings at Mach numbers of 6.86 and 3. The results of nonlinear piston-theory calculations were in good agreement with experiment, whereas the results of using two- and three-dimensional linear theory were not. In addition, some results demonstrating the importance of including camber modes in a flutter analysis are shown, as well as a discussion of one case of flutter due to aerodynamic heating. (Author)


Context. A large number of pulsars and X-rays sources are detected in globular clusters. To understand the structure and content of these clusters, accurate distances are required. Aims. We derive the distances of Terzan 5, Liller 1 and UKS 1 using as a reference a recent distance determination of NGC 6528, based on HST/NICMOS and NTT/SOFI infrared photometry. The distance of the metal-poor cluster Terzan 4 was derived from a comparison with M 92 in NICMOS bands. Methods. Distances of the metal-rich clusters are obtained by comparison of the Horizontal Branch (HB) level of the clusters, relative to the reddening line passing through the HB of NGC 6528. We use methods based on NICMOS bands and transformations to J and H magnitudes with different assumptions. Results. Liller 1 and Terzan 4 are found to be at the central bulge distance, UKS 1 is beyond the Galactic center, while Terzan 5 is closer to the Sun than the other four clusters. Conclusions. The distance of Terzan 5 is of paramount importance, given the impact of its population of 21 pulsars, which is related to the high cluster density. The distance of Terzan 5 is found to be d� = 5.5 ± 0.9 kpc from the Sun, thus closer to us than values given in studies of pulsars in Terzan 5. As a consequence, the higher cluster density is even more favourable for formation of the millisecond pulsars recently detected in this cluster.


A state of registry on outer space object means a launching state on whose registry an outer a space object is carried in accordance with the Registration Convention.In the case there are two or more launching states in respect of outer space object,they should jointly determine which one of them should be the state of registry.If no consensus was reached,the state of registry should be determined according to a specific rule.When the ownership of an outer space object was transferred to another launching state,a modified registration should be carried out.However,with respect to the transfer of ownership to a non launching state,the state is not qualified as a state of registry.In this case,the outer space object is under the jurisdiction and control of the non-launching state.Some legal effect arose from the registration of outer space objects by the state of registry.


Assessment of particle modelling in a practical way is described in this article. The work analysed here was carried out with graduate science teacher education students at an English university. The effectiveness of the cartoon story board methodology was checked. Some surprising results about the ability of student teachers to explain using particles, especially Biologists, were discovered.


Misuse of pesticides constitutes a serious threat on food security and human health,hence,it is particularly important to strengthen the monitoring of pesticide residues in the environment and agricultural products,sample pretreatment is the key in the process of pesticide analysis.As a new sample preparation methods applied in analysis of pesticide residues,the liquid phase microextraction had many advantages,which contained simple operation,low cost,less organic solvent,and was environment friendly when it was compared with the traditional sample preparation methods.In this paper,five liquid phase microextraction technologies were introduced: suspended drops liquid phase microextraction technology,hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction technology,dispersed liquid phase microextraction technology,ultrasound emulsion phase microextraction technology,suspension curing liquid phase microextraction technology.Their applications in pesticide residues detection would be recommended.And the prospects of liquid phase microextraction technology were predicted.


The article shows the negative situation in the field of migration of highly qualified labor resources to Israel, the so-called ,,brain drain". The theoretical analysis of sociological and scientific literature was used as the methods of this study. The work is a theoretical analysis of the causes and characteristics of the educational migration of students to study at foreign higher educational institutions, as well as academic mobility, leading to the loss of highly specialized specialists by the State of Israel. The methodology used includes the collection, synthesis and analysis of data, logical methods of cognition that allow the author to find a solution to this problem based on logical conclusions, as well as a comparison method. In the process of analyzing the available data from leading academic studies from Israel and other countries, the author draws conclusions and also makes recommendations for creating an innovative, comprehensive and original economic model that will lead to a partial solution of the phenomenon under discussion.


This research first selected relevant literature from Web of Science and CNKI as the data source and used Citespace to run the data to obtain the visualized knowledge map. Then based on the map analysis, it summarized the changes in the research foundation and hotspot of innovation ecosystem in China and overseas. Finally it forecast the research direction of innovation ecosystem through a comparison of relevant Chinese and overseas research.


Last month we looked at the technology and evolution of CTP in part one of our feature by Tony King. This month we continue looking at the technology and answer the question of which CTP device is for you.


In this paper, a MRI-compatible microwave ablation applicator with tumor detection abilities is presented. The applicator is capable to operate within the frequency range of 4 GHz to 8 GHz which includes the frequency band for industry, science and medicine (ISM) between 5.725 GHz and 5.875 GHz. The applicator detects permittivity changes such as those that occur between healthy and malignant tissue. The sensitive area of the applicator is analyzed by using the results of the experiments in MRI environment and by simulations using full-wave simulation software CST microwave studio, leading to a sensitive point at 1 cm behind the sensor tip.


SummaryA prospective evaluation of 250 consecutive hysterectomy specimens showed that 24 per cent were entirely free of pathological lesions, 25 per cent had minor changes, 42 per cent more advanced pathology and 9 per cent malignant tumours. Twelve of the 56 normal uteruses were removed because of prolapse while in 33 dysfunctional uterine bleeding was the sole or contributory indication for hysterectomy. The macroscopic and microscopic features of the normal cases were reviewed after a detailed study of the clinical records but very few additional lesions were discovered. Thus, even with the most detailed clinical information, the pathologist must expect a substantial proportion of hysterectomy specimens to show no changes.


Received: 30 April 2010 Abstract Accepted: 26 June 2010 Current manufacturing systems must operate under resource constraints. Simulation can help to improve the operation of such manufacturing systems. This paper describes the principles of computer simulation and emulation used for the modelling of behaviour of real production systems. Simulation as the technology of 21. Century is used for the analysis of dynamics of manufacturing system. Emulation approach is used for the analysis of a control system and control rules used for the control of a real manufacturing system. The evolution principles and algorithms were used by the optimization of manufacturing system performance. Especially Genetic Algorithms (GA) were used to optimize the parameters of manufacturing system. The paper presents the comparison of results gained trough classical optimization algorithms and GA.


The geosound records of Lulong and Changli stations before Luanxian earth-quake of magnitude 5.0 are published in this paper, and a element analysis for the possible propagation distance of geosound signals by means of geosound source intensity is given. It indicat that the geosounds don't come from focus, but come from neighbouring regin around observation stations under ground. Therefore, the receiving signal sequences between several stations are incor-relation when they are far apart each other. Nevertheless, for the focus volume is in proportion to the magnitude, we will still probable detect the precusory informations in vast arear and at earlier time prior to earthquakes for greater shakes.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the mental health of two immigrants supported by a non-profit organisation on the outskirts of Lisbon. The ethnography sets out the discourse of these users who are also residents of Terraços da Ponte, a social housing neighbourhood, and the workers who try to help them in the context of the non-profit organisation's endeavours.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to explore the intersections between these users and state and non-state structures, this investigation relied on intensive fieldwork at a rehabilitated neighbourhood in Lisbon, as well as semi-directive interviews and life stories taken with workers of the institution and the people they were trying to help.

Findings
This paper shows how vulnerability has been produced in a social housing neighbourhood on the outskirts of Lisbon and how it connects to neoliberal policies employed by NGOs acting on the field.

Research limitations/implications
Any general conclusions about the subject need to take into consideration that this research looks at the work of a specific non-profit organisation during a particular period in time.

Practical implications
This research seeks not only to promote a critical approach to the subject, but also to contribute to the production of appropriate health policies for the immigrant population residing in Portugal.

Originality/value
The analysis of health and social care practices regarding so-called vulnerable subjects relies heavily on "a mix of good intentions, developmental ambitions, paternalistic attitudes and desire to control deviant populations" (Pussetti and Barros, 2012, p. 47). Although there is not a single solution to this problem, several levels of analysis were explored: the non-profits' goals and inspirations, the workers motivations, the subjects' expectations regarding the kind of help they can get from these services and their ability to exert their own agency despite the conditions governing their lives.


A novel laser cavity design was proposed to compensate for thermally induced stress birefringence in cylindrical laser rods. The use of this optical schematic of the cavity allows lasers to operate efficiently at high average power levels. Experimentally a Nd:YAG oscillator has been operated in an electro-optically Q-switched mode giving 55 mJ linearly polarized output pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 500 Hz. Other features of the laser design include the ability to produce second and third harmonics with high efficiency.


ABSTRACT The study builds on the theory of planned behaviour and empirically tests a model that incorporates the effects of health consciousness, social influence, and risk-benefit perception in predicting consumers' attitude and intention to purchase gym supplements. While past studies have contributed considerably in understanding why individuals consume various dietary supplements, the present study brings to light the motives behind the consumption of fitness supplements, specifically gym supplements. Structural equation modelling is used to test the research model with a sample of 310 respondents in India. Major findings of the present study indicate benefits associated with gym supplement consumption as the most significant predicator of attitude, suggesting that marketers can develop effective marketing strategies emphasizing health benefits to increase consumers' intentions to buy gym supplements. While health consciousness appears to be the least important motive, social influence is found to positively influence both attitude and intention to purchase gym supplements. Further, a significant and large effect of attitude on behavioural intentions was also observed. The study provides an actionable model for marketers as well as policymakers who seek to develop marketing strategies and encourage supplement consumption.


In the paper, a three-level search algorithm is proposed for getting reasonable carpool match result. The first level selection is according to time and circuitous constraint, the second level selection is according to nearby principle, the third level selection is according to user's likelihood. Taking advantage of uploading the ride query and drive query separately and dynamically a s well as heuristic algorithm, the carpool system can match the drivers and riders quickly responding to real time requirement. An in-depth experimental performance analysis of the proposed method on real road networks shows the efficiency of the method.


The present invention discloses a security method and a security system, by obtaining the identifying information in the belt corridor worker, the signal from the position coordinates and an alarm device installed in the belt vestibule transmitted, analyze the worker is in a dangerous state. If the worker is in danger, alarm data is generated a predetermined format, and transmits an alarm to the terminal, and according to the position coordinates of the worker, the scheduling device corresponding to video surveillance video push; Meanwhile, according to the worker identification information of handheld communication schedule of the worker terminal, for voice schedule of the worker. Security method according to the invention can be full-automatically monitor the status of the worker in the corridor, it depends not only on a simple video surveillance and alarm device field, high accuracy and safety hazard if it is found, immediately starts all aspects of scheduling system, to facilitate integrated management.


This study investigated how banner ads, depending on its quality and placement,

can capture a user's attention while searching for editorial content in an online newspaper. Furthermore, the user's search strategy was also studied to see whether it varied depending on the placement of an ad. An experiment was conducted where 20 subjects searched for articles in a Swedish online newspaper while their eye ovement was recorded with a head

mounted eye?tracker. In each search task the online newspaper contained either a low quality ad or a high quality ad. In total, each subject was confronted with 10 high quality ads and 10 low quality ads. The result showed that the placement of the banner is of major importance whether it will be fixated or not. Depending on the placement of the ad, the result also showed that this also affects the user's search strategy. However, there were no clear indications that an ad with better quality gets more attention while searching for editorial content.


Web services composition is an emerging paradigm for enabling application integration. BPEL is a promising language describing composition in form of business processes, but is lack of sound formal semantic. This paper presents the transformation of BPEL to CP-nets in a constructive way. Therefore we can translate composition specified in BPEL into CPnets, which can be analyzed and verified by many specialized tools. So we make tool support available for verifying BPEL composition.


Classic poems have two basic forms-one is for singing while the other is just for the pleasure of reading.Originally,lyrics are poems that can be sung.However,lyrics and poems gradually have separated from each other in recent decades,which,to a large extent,lead to them in a dilemma instead of promoting their own special value.And how to solve the dilemma becomes a common problem in literary and art circles.Based on analysis of the relationship between them their own characteristics,this essay holds that modern poetry and lyrics are not mutually exclusive but complementary to each other and can develop together.


In this study, four new dithiophosphonic acid complexes, namely, trans- bis-[ O– 3-phenyl-1-prop yl- (4-methoxyphenyl) dithiophosphonato ] nickel (II), {Bis-pyridine-bis-(O–3–phenylpropyl (4-methoxyphenyl) dithiophosphonato ]} nickel (II), bis-{bis-( O– 3-phenyl-1-prop yl- (4-methoxyphenyl) dithiophosphonato ] cadmium (II)} and bis - { bis - ( O– 3 - phenyl – 1 - prop yl- ( 4-methoxyphenyl ) dithiophosphonato ] mercury (II)} were syntheszed. The complexes were of the general structure [Ni(L) 2 ] and [M(µ-L) 2 (L) 2 ], M= Cd 2+ and Hg 2+ . The nickel(II) complex was capable of coordinating two moles of pyridine per mole as many four-coordinated nickel(II) complex do leading to the six-coordinated complex, [Ni(L) 2 (Py) 2 ]. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis; MS; FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The [ Ni( L ) 2 ], [Cd(µ-L) 2 (L) 2 ] and [Hg(µ-L) 2 (L) 2 ] were also investigated by 1 H-, 13 C- and 31 P-NMR. The magnetic susceptibility of the pyridine nickel complex was measured to confirm the hybridization patterns and the geometry.


Rational use of antibiotics is a very urgent problem to be addressed for the management of the current Chinese hospital system. However, it involves complex knowledge analysis and management process. Introducing semantic technology for the rational use of antibiotics provides a new technical means for automatic and semi-automatic supervision. In this paper we analyze the medical semantic data organization form, propose a semantic-based system structure of rational use of antibiotics. The implementation of this platform verifies the feasibility of semantic technology used in this field. Keywords—semantic technology, antibacterial, Medication guideline; Rational use of drugs; semantic rules, reasoning


We study the critical scaling behaviors of period doublings in N (N = 2, 3, 4, . . .) coupled magnetic oscillators by varying the driving amplitude A and the coupling strength c. It is found that the critical scaling behaviors depend on the range of coupling. For the extreme long-range case of global coupling, the critical set (set of critical points) is composed of the zero-coupling critical point with c = 0 and an infinity of critical line segments in the A − c plane, independently of N . Three kinds of critical scaling behaviors are found on the critical set. However, for any other nonglobal-coupling cases of shorter-range couplings, the structure of the critical set becomes different from that for the global-coupling case, because of a significant change in the stability diagram. We also note that the structure of the critical set and the critical scaling behaviors for both cases of the global and nonglobal couplings are the same as those in the abstract system of the coupled one-dimensional maps.


Engine noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) is a key contributor to vehicle quietness. It is among the top contributors to the overall customer satisfaction and an important attribute considered during the design process of IC engines. This manuscript provides an insight to the NVH mechanisms generated in the engine by the valve train, cam drive, crank train, accessory drive, combustion system, fuel system, and boost system. Furthermore, this manuscript discusses how these mechanisms propagate inside the vehicle and how they are perceived by the customers. In this regard, the engine NVH mechanisms are described as airborne or structure borne, depending on their propagation path, and as usual or unusual depending if they are undesirable and cause customer dissatisfaction or not. This paper also provides references to the literature relevant to the field of engine NVH.


Large-angle blunt cones, with various corner radii, were tested in dissociated air, COi, and COi-Ar gas mixtures. These experiments were conducted at angles of attack from 0 to 20 deg. Heating distribution data and bow shock-wave geometry were obtained during exposure of the cones to the three gases. The data can be used to partially validate two-dimensional (2-D) axisymmetric and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solutions of the heating distribution over a 140-deg blunt cone in a simulated Martian atmosphere. The predicted heating distribution over the cones and estimated bow shock standoff distances using a 2-D axisymmetric Navier-Stokes code were compared with test data taken at zero angle of attack.


To improve the level of data management and achieve the goal of data exchange and information sharing,this paper established a sharing platform of metadata-based forest ecosystem information by analyzing some main problems in Eco-DBMS and using web database technology and java programming language,based on a database management system of Huitong forest ecosystem research,metadata theories and national metadata standards for ecological data(GB/T 20533-2006).It introduced metadata theories,analyzed the necessity of information sharing platform construction and its main functions,and conducted the application of metadata to the sharing of Huitong forest ecosystem information.We suggest that this platform be widely used in various fields of ecosystem research.


Solids deposits is commonly experienced in oil field well tubulars mostly in mature fields where the wells have been produced over time. Full wellbore access is required to execute most thru-tubing intervention activities. It is also imperative that well production is restored to sustain the asset value of the operator. Restoring and sustaining production from brown field reservoirs has often proven to be critical to the success of oil and gas companies across the world. These increases in oil production are often achieved through various well intervention techniques. The relative instability in global oil prices makes such activities hugely attractive in the oil and gas sector as they are typically a lot cheaper than new well developments which also come with the inherent risks associated with drilling and completions operations. The key objective here was to descale a well with deposited scales in the tubing which prevented downhole intervention and also led to production deferment.
 The well intervention targeted at improving the production from Well AA-052 in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was initially planned as a slickline gas lift valve change out due to the observed issues with the vertical lift performance of the string. However, difficulties were experienced during the execution of the gas lift valve change out. Debris and scales present in the wellbore hindered access of the slickline tools deployed to achieve the gas lift valve change out. As a result, the activity was temporarily aborted
 In this paper, the detailed planning and execution of AA-052 is addressed. With the debris recovered from the well, an extensive laboratory testing to ascertain the nature of solid deposit was conducted. These scale deposits were confirmed from the laboratory tests to be mainly calcium carbonate, hence a tailored fluid system consisting of 10% Hydrochloric acid was identified to effectively dissolve and remove the solid deposits. The treatment was deployed via Coiled Tubing utilizing a rotating downhole tool which provided additional mechanical means with 360 degrees coverage. The combination of the chemical treatment and mechanical means (rotating downhole tool) provided an effective and efficient descaling of the wellbore.
 The key project deliverable was achieved as the full wellbore access was regained. Production was also restored as the well which originally had a shut-in tubing head pressure of 0psi has now increased to 1,360psi post the chemical descaling. The earlier attempt to carry out a planned slickline gas-lift valve change was suspended due to the wellbore access challenge as a result of the scale build-up. However, post the chemical descaling activity, the planned slickline gas-lift valve change out activity was successfully carried out. Initial production post chemical descaling was 1,000bopd. With the gas-lift valve change out executed, an additional gain of 200bopd in production was achieved. The well is currently producing with ca.1,200bopd with a recoverable volume of 0.93 MMstb reserves.
 This paper represents a typical case of flawless diagnostic, design and delivery process. Getting a scale sample and performing an extensive laboratory testing and fluid selection was key to the successful descaling operation. Utilizing Coiled tubing for pinpoint treatment by reciprocating across the solid build up sections while pumping 10% HCL acid through an incorporated high jetting and rotating tool made it most effective


Abstract Poverty as the root cause of hunger is a global reality. The influence of Extension officers in the farming areas in Ogun State has not been felt as expected due to the inadequacy of these professionals. To this end, the study focused its attention on the use of Agricultural Science Teachers as a means of poverty reduction through Agricultural information Dissemination to farmers in Ogun State. This step will boost the efforts of the Agricultural Extension officers in reducing poverty among farmers. The instrument used was the questionnaire and ten schools were randomly selected from the twenty-two schools, which constituted the population. Percentages, standard Deviation and Chi-square (c2) were used for the analysis of the Research Questions and hypotheses stated respectively. Some of the findings revealed that: (i) Agricultural Science Teachers Motivated the farmers to adopt innovations through their activities in schools. (ii) They passed agricultural information to parent farmers through their children from school. The hypothesis tested revealed that there was no significant relationship in the nature of agricultural information disseminated to farmers. (c2=21.67, P < 0.05). It was recommended among others that, efforts should be made by the Government and other Non-Governmental Organizations to support the efforts of the Agricultural Science Teachers in all ramifications in their move to reduce poverty level of the practising farmers.


Effects of Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus Leaves on Castor Oil-induced Diarrhoeal Rats
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and globally the numbers of cases of cancer are increasing gradually. There are several medicines available in the market to treat the various types of cancer but no drug is found to be fully effective and safe. The major problem in the cancer chemotherapy is the toxicity of the established drugs. However plants and plant derived products have proved effective and safe in the treatment and management of cancers. These days most of the research work on cancer drugs is targeted on plants and plants derived natural products. Many natural products and their analogues have been identified as potent anti-cancer agents and day by day the anti-cancer property of various plants is being identified. Here an attempt is being made through this review to highlights the natural products and their analogues established as anti-cancer agents and the new plant species identified with anti-cancer properties either in vivo or in vitro.Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Phyllanthaceae) leaves was screened for its constituents. Antidarrhoeal property of the extract at the doses of 12.50, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight was also evaluated using models, such as castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, intestinal transit and enteropooling. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of cardenolides (0.33%), cardiac glycosides (0.51%), flavonoids (0.16%), saponins (1.21%), tannins (0.68%) and triterpenes (0.08%), while alkaloids, anthaquinones, phlobatannins and steroids were not detected.


Planning on adaptive reuse, maintenance and restoration of historic timber structuresrequiresextensive architectural and structural analysis of the actual condition. Current methods for a modellingof roof constructions consist of several manual steps  including  the  time-consuming  dimensional modelling. The  continuous  development  of terrestrial laser  scanners increases  the  accuracy,  comfort  and  speed  of  the  surveying  work inroof constructions. Resultingpoint  clouds enabledetailed visualisation of theconstructionsrepresented by single points or polygonal meshes, but in fact donot containinformation  about  the  structural  system  and  the  beam  elements.  The  developed  workflow  containsseveral  processing steps on the point cloud dataset. The most important among them arethenormal vector computation, the segmentation of points to extract planarfaces, a classification of planarsegmentsto detect the beam side facesand finally theparametric modelling of the beams on the basis of classified segments. Thisenablesa highly automated transitionfrom raw point cloud data to a geometric model containing beams of the structural system. The geometric model,as well as additional information  about  the  structural  properties  of involved wooden  beams  and  their  joints,is necessaryinput  for  a  furtherstructural modellingof timber constructions. The results of the workflow confirm that the proposed methods work well for beams  with a rectangularcross-section  and  minor  deformations. Scan  shadows  and occlusionof  beamsby additional installationsor interlockingbeamsdecreases  the  modelling  performance,  but  in generala high  level  ofaccuracy  and completeness isachieved ata high degree of automationHighlights: This article presents a novel approach to automated reconstruction of beam structures by modelling geometry from segmented point clouds.Wooden beams are modelled as cuboids, thus a rectangular cross-section with minor deformation is required.An accuracy of less than 1 cm can be reached for modelled beams, compared to the reference LiDAR point cloud.


In the social life, human relationships are produced in people's communication with others. The different communicative activities convey cognitive and emotional information by means of different behaviors which are a necessary organic element in establishing all social relationships. With the gradual establishment of socialist market economic system, man has to learn to adapt himself to the society and improve himself. This paper analyses the importance of harmonious human relationships, basic rules and principles of human relationships, and puts forward multi-methods of coordinating the common development of individuals and the society.


The issues to be examined in this research is how does the practice of simultaneous Local Election according to the valid legislation and which institution is authorized to settle the disputes of simultaneous local elections? This research is normative. The study found that Article 3 (1) regulation number 1 2014 About the Election of governors, regents and mayors passed into law No. 1 Year 2015 on the Election of governors, regents, and the Mayor state that, the local election is held every 5 (five) years simultaneously throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.The Local Election schedule is implemented in several periods. Meanwhile the simultaneous national elections is held in 2027. Law No. 1 2015 mandates the Constitutional Court to resolve the dispute over the local elections, despite the fact that it is unlikely for one institution to examine and judge hundreds of cases of disputed local elections at the same time. Local Election dispute resolution processes also have a specified time limit. To that end, the institutions considered most appropriate to handle election disputes is the Supreme Court by delegating the High Court in each region. If litigants are not satisfied with the decision of the High Court then, they may appeal to the Supreme Court.


We consider core-periphery structured graphs, which are graphs with a group of densely and sparsely connected nodes, respectively, referred to as core and periphery nodes. The so-called core score of a node is related to the likelihood of it being a core node. In this paper, we focus on learning the core scores of a graph from its node attributes and connectivity structure. To this end, we propose two classes of probabilistic graphical models: affine and nonlinear. First, we describe affine generative models to model the dependence of node attributes on its core scores, which determine the graph structure. Next, we discuss nonlinear generative models in which the partial correlations of node attributes influence the graph structure through latent core scores. We develop algorithms for inferring the model parameters and core scores of a graph when both the graph structure and node attributes are available. When only the node attributes of graphs are available, we jointly learn a core-periphery structured graph and its core scores. We provide results from numerical experiments on several synthetic and real-world datasets to demonstrate the efficacy of the developed models and algorithms.


The theoretical model of the evanescent waves coupling with dielectric and metallic strip gratings is described. The interaction of electromagnetic field with lamellar periodic structures and their diffraction properties are determined by coupled wave method implemented as the Fourier modal method. The simulations of the ellipsometric response under internal reflection for different geometrical and material configurations are presented. The attention is concentrated on the study of coupling strength influence, effects connected with stripes geometry, and, with absorption in metallic elements of grating.


Qajar Iran and the Rise of Reza Khan, 1796-1925, by Nikki R. Keddie. With an Essay on "Theatrical Buildings and Performances in Tehran" by Farrokh Ghaffary. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 1999. viii + 102 pages. Illus. to p. 122. Bibl. to p. 126. Index to p. 134. $16.95 paper. Reviewed by Mohammad H. Faghfoory This short book was originally a lecture that Professor Nikki Keddie presented at the UCLA Armand Hammer Museum on the occasion of the exhibition of the Brooklyn Museum's collection "Royal Persian Paintings: The Qajar Epoch 17851925." It is written as a brief commentary on, and an interpretation of, different aspects of Iranian history, culture, and society between 1876-1925, about which Professor Keddie has written extensively in her numerous works over the last three decades. Although this book contains no new information, it nonetheless addresses a number of controversial issues, such as the role of the `Mama' in the Tobacco Movement (p. 48) and the British part in the coup d'etat of 1921 (pp. 78-86). Commendably, Keddie presents a fresh analysis of these subjects in an objective manner. Much of what Keddie says in this book, in fact, applies to the period after 1840. The first 60 years of Qajar rule was disastrous for Iran, marked by a considerable loss of territory to Russia. Although the Qajars initiated some financial and administrative reforms, they failed to create a statewide bureaucracy and a reliable standing army. The Qajar kings never achieved the degree of legitimacy in the public eye that the Safavid kings had enjoyed. They remained in power for as long as they did because of their skill in manipulating communal and tribal conflicts, and because of the policies of Britain and Russia, which wanted to keep Iran strong enough to suppress domestic opponents, yet weak enough not to pose any threat to their vital interests. Keddie outlines the major characteristics of Iran under Qajar rule. In the political sphere, the Qajars were able to create a stable dynasty and gradually move from a tribal to a more centralized form of government (p. 14). In the economic sphere, Iran experienced substantial difficulties; many indigenous crafts, for example, suffered in competition with Western goods. The Qajar period was also marked by the increasing power of the `ulama' and by their growing dissatisfaction with the government and its policies. Relations with the West expanded in the political, as well as in the intellectual and economic fields. For all practical purposes, however, Iran was an object of struggle between Great Britain and Russia, while "independence" remained just a slogan. During this time, Iran did not experience significant modernization and reform. However, socioeconomic and political forces for change developed which led to profound and rapid changes in Iran, beginning with the Constitutional Revolution of 1906-11, and culminating in the collapse of the Qajar rule and the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty (p. 89). Perhaps the most important developments of the Qajar period were the intellectual and political opposition trends that appeared as a result of these changes-trends which have manifested themselves in Iranian politics ever since and which, as Keddie rightly emphasizes, must be understood in order to comprehend fully the key events that have taken place in Iran since the collapse of the Qajar dynasty. Keddie's discussion of the situation in Iran up to the end of the First World War (in chapters five and six) reveals how Iranians were longing for a strong government that could carry out reforms and modernize the country, establish order and security, and improve people's living conditions. …


Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes chronic respiratory diseases in poultry and economic losses to the chicken and turkey industry. We report the complete genome sequence of the field isolate strain KUVMG001 of Mycoplasma gallisepticum from South Korea. ABSTRACT Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes chronic respiratory diseases in poultry and economic losses to the chicken and turkey industry. We report the complete genome sequence of the field isolate strain KUVMG001 of Mycoplasma gallisepticum from South Korea.


There are a number of ways by which one text can refer to another: parody, echo, allusion, structural parallelism, and direct quotation, to name the most obvious. Some scholars believe that all texts are woven from other texts, whether consciously or not. This study begins by tracing one inter-textual link from Robert Frost back to William Shakespeare. It then explores allusive influences on four of Tao Qian's陶潛(365-427)best known poems, starting with a reading of "Drinking Alone in a Continuous Rain", arguing that one particular passage in Lie Zi列子provides an underpinning for these four poems, and thereby suggesting the importance Lie Zi had for Tao Qian.


IT is a pleasure to join in celebrating the centenary of the Egypt Exploration Society by editing a fragmentary text from Copenhagen! which in all probability belongs to the same papyrus as two small fragments that are the property of the Society, and have been published by it.> The Egyptological Institute of the University of Copenhagen acquired its large collection of papyri, the Carlsberg papyri, in the thirties of the present century." They are generally presumed to have come from the town site at Tebtunis in the south of the Fayyum, A number of scholars have edited texts from the collection, but it was the late Dr A. Volten who, up to his death in 1963, devoted many years to the task of sorting through the thousands of fragments, bringing together related material, and, where possible, reconstructing individual texts. The papyri dealt with in this article form the contents of one folder that Volten had set aside for study. Evidently it contained all the fragments of demotic word-lists that Volten had been able to identify, except for the one such text that he actually published, P. Carlsberg IZ verso. Several searches through the Copenhagen collection have failed to discover any more pieces that might belong to the chief text (P. Carlsberg 4Ia), but a further unimportant fragment of a


Introduction: Heart disease is the number one cause of death in Indonesia. Promotional efforts through the provision of health education and counselling through Peer Health Education is one of the primary prevention strategies that can be undertaken to prevent the occurrence of heart disease. The purpose of this study is to prove the influence of Peer Health Education in reducing the risk of heart disease. Methods: The research method used in this study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design. The samples were taken from 56 people using the purposive sampling technique. The first group of 28 people was the experimental group and the second group of 28 people was the control group. Before and after treatment, both groups were measured concerning their knowledge, lifestyle behaviour, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, blood cholesterol levels and risk assessment of heart disease. Data analysis was done by using the Friedman Test with a 95% significance level. Results: The results showed that Peer Health Education was able to improve the respondents' knowledge about having a healthy lifestyle, changing the behaviour of the respondents, i.e. behaviour of consuming sweet foods, controlling blood pressure and decreasing the risk of heart disease. Conclusion: Based on the result, health promotion efforts through a Peer Health Educator can continue to be done as one method to improve heart health in the community. Thus, the expectation of morbidity and mortality due to heart disease can be lowered.


Nowadays conflicts for the insertion of mineral water in the management of water resource are originated in models formulated at different moments of the Brazilian political history. The mineral water legislation (Mineral Water Code, 1945 and Mining Code, 1967) was created into centralized political governments, while the legislation of water resource possesses democratic, decentralized and multi-participative features (Federal Constitution, 1988, and Water Code, 1997). This study comes from an overall analysis of the historical registration of the policy evolution, which was based on the Federal Constitution and the Legislation regarding both mineral and water resources. These conflicts are very complex and severe, mainly caused by the following reasons: 1) mineral water has been considered an ore and legally it is not regarded as part of the water cycle; 2) mining areas and area with titles requested for mining have been blocked for land use, and 3) mining areas cover large areas of municipalities, constraining cities growth and occupying environmental protecting areas; 4) the creation of supplementary technical rules to attend present needs has caused conflicts with other ministry, state and municipality institutions, as Health Ministry, SERLA-RJ and fire department. This paper concludes that there is a need for inter institutional partnerships to manage the mineral water exploitation, according to their specific competences. The general management of the natural resources exploitation will be under the responsible Ministry (Energy and Mining Ministry).


To investigate the thermal load features of new type marine medium-speed diesel engines' cylinder liners,two new-type medium-speed diesel engines of MAN BW6L16/24 and 8L21/31 were taken as research objects.The FEM models of the liners were built,and then the temperature fields of the liners were analyzed by using FEM software while some reasonable boundary conditions were considered.At the same time,the calculated results were verified by experiments with the thermal couples and rigidity-plugs.Results show that the temperature field of liners of new-type medium-speed diesel engines is optimized by the reasonable water jacket design,which can effectively satisfy the demand of high load density of modern diesel engine.


Let p be an odd prime,elementary method was used to prove that if p=108s2+1,where s is an odd number,then equation x 3+1=py2 has no positive integer solution(x,y).


The contamination of coastal ecosystems with metallic ions has damaged fishing and the culture of marine species around the world , 2001; , 2002). In soils and natural waters complex mixtures of organic substances including humic substances are found, that act as buffer agents diminuishing the availability of metallic ions . 2001). For this reason, the study of the behavior of these substances is of fundamental importance for the reduction of pollution in coastal ecosystems. A knowledge of the chemical structure of humic substances and how their complexation with metallic ions occurs is very important. Through this knowledge, synthetic substances could be created in the future (with low cost) to absorb pollutants, since the humic substances present in nature are often insufficient for this purpose. The fulvic acids (FA) are a group of humic substances that interact very well with pollutants in nature, because they have a great number of functional groups (carboxyls, hydroxyls, phenols, salicylic, etc) .,1999). Very little is known about the chemical interactions of the FA and metallic ions. The major difficulty is to determine which functional groups are involved in the complexation of the ionic metals. In the literature there are a number of papers that describe the procedures for functional group analysis of humic substances .,1999; and 2003; .,2001; 1993).The best manner to study how the metals interact with FAis using analyses techniques in solution. Potentiometric titration can be very helpful to determine chemical interactions, reproducing, as closely as possible, the reality that occurs in nature. However, it is impossible to elucidate the titration curves, without the use of a mathematical method or a computational program. The objective of this paper is to show how BEST7 and SPE can elucidate the titration curves of the FA and copper (II) ion complexation determining various functional groups (their quantities) and the specific complexation sites. (CURTIS LORENZO,


Pesch reported a case of meningitis due to a Gaertner-like organism. The culture was examined by Bruce White (1926) and was found by him to be identical with an organism sent to him by Dr. J. W. Bigger. Dublin strain was isolated from a case of fatal fever supervening after a kidney operation.Bruce White (1929) has exhaustively examined the serology of the Dublin strain. the somatic antigens of the Dublin type and of S. enteritidis are identical, but that on the other hand the flagellar antigens differ; and he represents these antigens of S. enteritidis as R, P1, and P2, and the same antigens of the Dublin type as R, P1 and P3. serum is saturated with the Dublin type, Dublin serum with S. enteritidis, there remains in each case a definite residue of flagellar agglutinins for the homologous organism. examinatioin showed a marked increase above normal of globulin and a decrease in tho sugar content. Microscopic examination showed 540 cells per c.mm., 68 per cent. of the cells being polymorphonuclear leucocytes and 32 per cent. lymphocytes. Microscopic examination also showed numerous Gram-negative bacilli. Cultural examination showed numerous colonies of a Gram. negative bacillus which later was found to be a non-lactose motile Salmonella-like organism. None of the strains produced indol, but all produced sulphide in lead acetate agar, and all produced an alkaline reaction in litmus milk. For the serological classifi-cation sera were prepared by immunizing rabbits with formalin-killed cultures of the three strains for the production of ' H ' or flagellar agglutinins and with cultures heated at 100°C.


In the building industry, analytics has altered the fundamental pattern of data processing and forecasting. Delights, the lobbying firm of a newly established real estate buyer, is aiming to penetrate the Melbourne property market. In order to generate insights on various aspects of this booming market, senior management is keen to capitalize on large volumes of historical real estate data. Insights can vary through location, seasonality, price patterns, area features, land features, property features and numerous other aspects. A massive dataset of real estate transactions in Melbourne, near 20,000 records from 2017, has been obtained by the company. Huge quantities of structured and unstructured data are generated in the industry and we will help a company make a game-changing decision with this knowledge. In this article, the descriptive and inferential analytics approach is used to extract insights into the real estate industry.


Two methods are presented for inviscid transonic flows: unsteady Euler equations in a rotating frame of reference for transonic-vortex flows and integral solution of full-potential equation with and without embedded Euler domains for transonic airfoil flows. The computational results covered: steady and unsteady conical vortex flows; 3-D steady transonic vortex flow; and transonic airfoil flows. The results are in good agreement with other computational results and experimental data. The rotating frame of reference solution is potentially efficient as compared with the space fixed reference formulation with dynamic gridding. The integral equation solution with embedded Euler domain is computationally efficient and as accurate as the Euler equations.


The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved by using gum kondagogu (
 Cochlospermum gossypium
), a natural biopolymer (Gk-AgNPs). Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by using UV-visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope techniques. The silver nano particle size determined was found to be 3.6 ± 2.2 nm. The synthesised Gk-AgNPs showed antifungal activity and exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration values ranging from 3.5 to 6.5 μg mL
 -1
 against Aspergillus parasiticus
 (NRRL-2999) and Aspergillus flavus
 (NRRL-6513). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed morphological changes including deformation, shrunken and ruptured mycelium of the fungi. At the biochemical level, the mode of action revealed that there was an elevated level of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzyme activity. Increased oxidative stress led to increased outer membrane damage, which was confirmed by the entry of N
-phenyl naphthylamine to the phospholipid layer of outer membrane and higher levels of K
 +
 release from the fungi treated with Gk-AgNPs. This study explores the possible application of biogenic silver nanoparticles produced from gum kondagogu as potent antifungal agents. The potent antifungal activity of Gk-AgNPs gives scope for its relevance in biomedical application and as a seed dressing material.


Aim:The human papillomavirus vaccine is routinely offered to girls aged 12-13 in schools in the UK. This pilot study examined knowledge concerning the purpose of the HPV vaccine among pupils and reported awareness of links between HPV and cervical cancer, before and after a human papillomavirus awareness presentation. Methods:Qualitative phenomenology was used and data collected by self-completing questionnaires comprising of six open-ended questions. Comparative analysis of respondents answers before the school nurse's presentation on the HPV immunisation campaign and after took place. Results:Of 74 eligible schoolgirls, 85.5% and 72.5% response rates were achieved pre and post-presentation, respectively. The results identified an overall increase in knowledge levels (16.4% compared to 68.5%) post presentation. However, 15.0% compared to 6.6% of pupils subsequently misinterpreted the reason for the HPV vaccine, and its role in future prevention. Conclusion:This study highlights variable levels of underst...


Background: Our preliminary analyses of an adverse event database found a "signal" on actaminophen-associated abnormal behavior. Abnormal behavior by Japanese children taking oseltamivir has been repeatedly reported and described. However there is no literature dealing with acetaminophen-associated abnormal behaviors, which is analyzed and further described in this paper. Methods: 216,945 records registered to JADER between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed. Age, sex, reporting year, and underlying illness were compared between cases of abnormal behavior and controls without abnormal behavior. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to investigate confounding and interaction with age group, gender, reporting year, and an underlying disease. Results: Of 4,544 acetaminophen-treated cases, 260 (5.7% [95%CI; 5.2-6.4]) exhibited abnormal behaviors. Of the 260 cases, factors associated with abnormal behavior were male (196 case; 75.4% [69.7 – 80.5]), under 20 years old (242; 93.1% [89.3 – 95.8]), reported in 2007 or 2008 (169; 65.0% [58.9 – 70.8]), and with influenza (253; 97.3% [94.5 – 98.9]) as an underlying disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated a relationship between influenza and acetaminophen and an interaction between acetaminophen and oseltamivir. According to subgroup analysis with influenza (n=2,164), patients taking oseltamivir had fewer abnormal behaviors, because teenagers had been reported to be at high risk for abnormal behaviors and doctors were advised to avoid prescribing oseltamivir to them. Conclusion: Acetaminophen-associated abnormal behavior occurred mostly in persons with influenza. Given the relationship to influenza and the interaction of oseltamivir, the reported acetaminophen-associated abnormal behaviors were most likely induced by the underlying disease, not by the drug itself. Introduction After reports of neuropsychiatric adverse events and abnormal behaviors by Japanese children taking oseltamivir since the 2004-2005 influenza season, this type of adverse event has become the focus of much attention. Exhaustive efforts have been made to clarify a causative relationship between the suspected drug, oseltamivir, and abnormal behavior. These included comparison of post-marketing spontaneous adverse event reports, preclinical and clinical studies, analysis of medical records in the UK General Practice Research Database, and the abnormal behaviors of Japanese and Taiwanese children with influenza. Reviews of the accumulated data did not suggest causality (1, 2). In contrast, acetaminophen has escaped scrutiny. Because physicians commonly use acetaminophen in treatment, they believe that it is generally safe as long as it is used properly. Because the number of clinical trial participants is much fewer than the number of patients who will be treated with the investigational drug in clinical practice, premarketing clinical trials may fail to detect rare ADRs or ADRs specific to particular population subgroups. Thus, many ADRs are unknown at the time of the launch or even long after the launch of a drug. In order to track ADRs, the World Health Organization (WHO) and health authorities such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) run safety databases. The WHO safety database, termed VigiBase, contained more than 6.0 million individual case safety reports (ICSRs) as of Jan 2013 (http://www.bridgetodata.org/ , last accessed on Mar 2013) and the Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) of the U.S. FDA had over 4.0 million ICSRs as of Sep 2012 (http://www.fda.gov/ , last accessed on Mar 2013). In order to assist pharmacovigilance activity through these large databases, several statistical methods have been promulgated that automatically extract a manageable number of "signals" for further evaluation. The commonly used methods are the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) (3), the WebmedCentral > Research articles Page 3 of 16 WMC004452 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 05-Dec-2013, 06:59:56 AM reporting odds ratio (ROR) (4), the Baysian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) (5), and the (multi) Gamma Poisson Shrinker (mGPS) (6). The BCPNN and the mGPS of the above mentioned methods are used for the WHO and FDA safety databases, respectively (7, 8). The Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) has run its own safety database since 2004. The safety database is termed JADER (Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database) and has been open to the public since May 2012. The publicly available JADER allows researchers to study adverse events and to assess the potential risk of pharmaceutical drugs.In our preliminary screening, we used the BCPNN method with the JADER database to search for "signals". The objective of this study is to describe and to investigate one of the detected signals, acetaminophen-associated abnormal behavior.


What review British Abstract Background: Perinatal mental health problems affect approximately 20% of women, the most common condition being postnatal depression; however many women do not seek help. Aims: To identify and synthesise evidence on the barriers and facilitators to help-seeking in women with depressive symptoms in the postnatal period. Methods: A qualitative systematic review was conducted using electronic databases and pre-determined eligibility criteria. Findings: Thematic synthesis of the included studies (n=4) identified the following themes: the influence of healthcare services, the influence of others and the influence of women themselves. Help-seeking was shaped by women's ability to recognise their symptoms, the reactions (experienced or anticipated) of others and the organisation of services. Conclusion: An improved interface between maternity and mental health services and enhanced healthcare professional interactions are needed. However meaningful change may require empowering women's self-assessment and public health messages to improve understanding of postnatal depression.


We present Optical Incoherence Tomography (OIT): a completely digital method to generate tomographic retinal cross-sections from en-face through-focus image stacks acquired by non-interferometric imaging systems, such as en-face adaptive optics (AO)-ophthalmoscopes. We show how to use OIT to guide focus position in cases where the user is "blind" focusing, such as auto fluorescence imaging of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE). We also demonstrate that OIT can produce distinctive cross-sectional views of the retina using back-scattered, multiply-scattered or even fluorescent light, making it a complementary technique to OCT.


Intelligent resident surveillance is one of the most essential smart community services. The increasing demand for security needs surveillance systems to be able to detect anomalies in surveillance scenes. Employing high-capacity computational devices for intelligent surveillance in residential societies is costly and not feasible. Therefore, we propose anomaly detection for intelligent surveillance using CPU-only edge devices. A modular framework to capture object-level inferences and tracking is developed. To cope with partial occlusions, posture deformations, and complex scenes, we employed feature encoding and trajectory association governed by two metrices complementing to each other. The elements of an anomaly detection framework are optimized to run on CPU-only edge devices with sufficient frames per second (FPS). The experimental results indicate the proposed method is feasible and achieves satisfactory results in real-life scenarios.


Stratigraphical studies of Holocene aeolian strata formed at the inner margin of the Vejers dunefield on the west coast of Jutland have contributed to an understanding of aeolian landscape evolution in a storm‐influenced temperate climate belt. The aeolian system was characterized by alternating periods of activity and stabilization. Intense inland sand transport occurred just after 4000 BC, 2300 BC, 600 BC and AD 300–500. Periods of sand movement were apparently initiated during climatic shifts towards more stormy conditions, and they may be linked to a millennial‐scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene climate. Preservation of the accumulated aeolian sand records a long‐term rise in ground‐water level. Water table behaviour was initially controlled by sea level, but after about 2300 BC water table rise was linked to coastal outbuilding and to an overall change towards a more humid climate.


A method of measuring the pressure resistant strength of centrifugated high strength concrete of pipe piles using core drilling method can measure and determine correctly the pressure resistant strength centrifugated high strength concrete hardened by the body structure of the pipe pile bodies, the measuring result is in good consistence with the result from the standard method for the standard cube test sample. The result of this method is 20%-100% higher than the results from the Standard YBJ 209-86 of the Metallurgy Ministry "The Technical Specification for Measuring Pressure Resistant Strength of the Structural Concrete Using Core Drilling Method" and the standard CECS 03:88 of the standardization committe of Engineering Construction of China "The Technical Specification for Measuringthe Strength of Concrete Using core Drilling Method".


This study was objectively carried out to assess the trend of temperature and rainfall, evaluate the effectiveness of Climate Smart Activities, find the impact of climate change on resources and explore the climate smart policies and practices. The study was carried out in three piloted and three non-piloted rural municipality from Siraha, Gorkha and Kaski districts. Temperature and rainfall data for forty years of these districts were collected from Department of Hydrology and Meteorology [1]. The household survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview and field observation were carried out to collect data. The climate smart policies and practices were also collected. In Gorkha, the highest precipitation was observed in 1995 i.e. 4063.9 mm while lowest precipitation was only 1418mm in 1969. The highest minimum and maximum temperature was observed in 1969, 1970 and 2000 i.e. 25 ˚C and lowest was observed in 1979 and 2001 with 9 ˚C. The climate change impacts like crop calendar changed and increment in several diseases and pest in flora and fauna are observed. The water sources have been drying and irregular. In Gakhu rural municipality (RM)-6, the 100% people has adopted knowledge smart practices whereas 96.67% energy, carbon smart practices, 93.33% water smart practices, 70% agriculture smart practices and 60% biodiversity smart practices. In Dhangadimai-13 RM of Siraha, 89.99% people has adopted water smart practices. Likewise, in Rupa-2 RM of Kaski, 61.29% people has adopted carbon and energy smart practices. Mann-Kendel test tau b showed that the significant differences in temperature and rainfall trend. Krusker- Wallis test shows that there were significant differences of performance of adaptation program among RMs because p value is less than 0.05. The people of In Gakhu RM, the practices climate smart activities like 3 rooftop water harvesting, 46 water tanks, 1 water resource conservation and 40 improved cattle house, 5 drip irrigation, 27 plastic tunnel and 57 improved cooking stoves. This research will be useful to adopt the climate smart practices in other areas too.


The objective of this research was to determine the predisposing factors of malnutrition in students of the Educational Unit September 11 - Jipijapa. The study of this research was descriptive, cross-sectional descriptive, methods were applied such as: the deductive, descriptive, and statistical, as a technique to obtain information the survey was used, with the objective of identifying the main predisposing factors that influence malnutrition, complementing the study with the 24-hour reminder, database, anthropometric indexes, height, weight and body mass index BMI and hematological analyzes of the red series. The study population consisted of a total of 272 students, the simple random sampling formula was applied to calculate the sample size, with 159 students from the educational unit 11 of September, aged between 5 and 13 years, using the inclusion exclusion and criteria, the final sample is 110 students, who underwent weight, height and blood sampling with the prior consent of their legal representative, afterwards the samples were analyzed, and the Body Mass Index was calculated, where the following nutritional status results were obtained, of the 110 students, 78 students representing 70.91% presented a normal nutritional status, 0 students presented mild malnutrition, 0 students presented chronic malnutrition, 13 students representing 11.82 % were overweight and 19 students representing 17.27% presented obesity. According to the results obtained from the survey, it is evident that the low economic factor represented by 34.54% followed by the dietary consumption factor with 23.84% does not directly influence undernutrition, on the contrary, in relation to the Results of the taking of anthropometric measurements and the values obtained from the red series, evidence of overweight and obesity in the study population.


A condition is given for a projective module to be free, leading to a criterion for a ring to be projective-free


ideas and thus unpatentable. In the wake of State Street, many compa? nies have been successful in using business method patents to protect how they operate their businesses.2 For example, just as the Christmas shopping season was getting under way, Amazon.com, which had obtained a business method patent on its "one-click" method of ordering, was able to enjoin the operation of a similar website by BarnesandNoble.com.3 Walker Digital obtained a patent for an online reverse auction that became the business model for Priceline.com. As of June 2002, Priceline.com had a market capi? talization of about $900 million.4 The experience of Amazon.com and Walker Digital and the growth of business method patents gener? ally suggest that business method patents can be an integral part of a franchisor's franchise system and a significant asset for building and protecting its brand equity. To be successful, virtually all franchisors boast of a unique and proprietary business system but relatively few seek patent protection. Franchisors have obtained less than 0.2 percent of the nearly 2,000 business method patents issued since January 2000. This article Christina K. Peterson


This analysis presents a measurement of resolutions of real and simulated B → Dπ at LHCb. The effective resolution obtained in a lifetime biased MC sample is extracted from a triple gaussian fit to the distribution of ∆t = ttrue − treco. The corresponding value is σeff = (0.045188 ± 0.000170)ps. The per-event effective resolution as a function of the perevent decay time error with 22 slices is best fitted with a quadratic χ fit and shows values which could be taken for the calibration. The treco distribution in the lifetime unbiased MC was weighted and the corresponding effective resolution extracted from a RooDecay fit is σeff = (0.042845 ± 0.003047)ps which is compatible with the previously obtained σeff . A better background reduction would be needed to get a satisfactory fit to the data in order to get significant values of the resolutions of the signal and the background.


The U.S. lamb industry has changed in the last decade, impacting the structure of imports, which have become necessary to meet domestic demand. Product differentiation plays an important role in de...


The presence of SMEs is the basis for many economic growth countries in the world, including in India. The problem of SMEs in India is usually very urgent such as lack of financial assets, limited technology, lack facilities, limited marketing, lack of quality management, administrative regulations in adequate and limited purchasing power. Innovation is needed by the organization or business to be able to progress and develop. Management of company innovation will open the way for future corporate growth and success competitive.


The two-thirds drop in labor productivity during the 1970s, which led to slower economic growth and higher prices, is analyzed and the results compared with those of other studies. The authors' investigation focuses on that portion of private business covered by US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Their approach weights capital and labor growth rates by their shares in the business sector's gross domestic product. Contributing factors are limited to those that can be quantified and adapted and whose effects can be shown to be greater during the slowdown period. Two periods of slowdown are identified: 1965-1973 and 1973-1978. The two periods differ in that the latter is dominated by reduced capital formation, due partially to energy price increases, and shows the effects of an interindustry shift in labor and capital. 46 references, 13 tables. (DCK)


Detectors are classified as of the relay or of the transformer type. Relay detectors are arranged so that the energy for the indicator response comes from a local source of energy at the receiving station. Transformer detectors utilize the received energy for producing the indicator response. The need of an amplifying transformer type detector, which selectively neglects static, is mentioned. The basis of the heterodyne receiver, namely, the audible beats produced by the interference of two vibrations of inaudible (radio) frequency received on a nonpolarized receiver, is then fully considered. The development of the heterodyne receiver, its circuit arrangements, and the apparatus employed are described in detail. The use of the heterodyne in the Arlington‐Salem tests and the results obtained are given. Much interest has been shown in the heterodyne receiver since its use in the recent test between the Fessenden stations of the U.S. Navy at Arlington, Virginia, and aboard the cruiser, Salem. These trials mark the first public use of the heterodyne system, which has often been called the greatest of Professor Fessenden's inventions; but, as a matter of fact, the method has been utilized in the National Electric Signaling Company's plants for a number of years. It is the purpose of the present paper to explain the heterodyne principle, and to describe the apparatus by means of which it is put into practice. Since the invention involves a number of points which are quite outside the range of observation of the average worker in radio signaling, an introductory consideration of the fundamentals of receiving instruments in general is desirable. Every radio receiver is composed of two main parts; an energy absorber and an indicator. In some special forms of apparatus these two elements may be physically combined, but functionally they remain as distinct as before. The relation between the energy received and the response of the indicator, together with the process whereby the receipt of that energy effects the indication, probably serves as the best basis for classifying receivers in radio signaling. In the receiving instruments originally used (which were mainly various arrangements of coherers with auxiliary


Satellite–derived surface temperatures Knowledge of the surface temperature of the Earth is of great importance for a correct para– meterization of several important energy and mass transport phenomena. The land surface– atmosphere interaction–is one of the most uncertain aspects in global climate models. Because of the difficulties measuring the true surface temperature – the 'skin' temperature – with traditional contact thermometry, there have been rapid ad– vances in radiation–based infrared thermometry techniques. As the exchange processes of interest, sensible and latent heat fluxes, are often studied at regional scales there is a growing need for using remote–sensing techniques with thermal infrared sensors on aircraft and satellites. This quantitative analysis in the field of thermal remote–sensing, requires knowledge of object emissivities and, especially for satellite remote–sensing, a knowledge of the influence of the atmosphere.


The development and heterogeneity of proanthocyanidins in bark tissue of Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco (Douglas-fir) were analyzed chemically in extracts by means of the butanol–HCl reagent and histochemically with freehand sections by the nitroso reagent. About twice as much proanthocyanidin on a dry weight basis was found in the bark of mature hypocotyls as in the bark from 1- to 4-year-old stems and increment cores from 80-year-old trees. The proanthocyanidins were widely distributed in the vacuoles of epidermal cells, phellem, and the vascular cambial zone, but were randomly distributed in parenchyma cells within the phloem and the cortex. Only procyanidins were found in young, growing tissues, in parenchyma cells in the secondary phloem, in the vascular cambial zone, and in the bark of 80-year-old trees. Prodelphinidins were found in addition to procyanidins in the bark of 6-month-old hypocotyls and 1.5- to 4-year-old plants, possibly only in the cortical and phellem (cork) cells. Comparisons were mad...