The exhibition industry, as technology-intensive, eco-friendly industry, contributes to regional and national development and enhancement of its image as well, if it joins cultural and tourist industry. Therefore, We need to revitalize the exhibition industry, as actively holding an exhibition event. However, to attract a number of exhibition audience, the work of enhancing audience satisfaction and awareness of value for participation should be prioritized after improving quality of service within exhibition hall. As one way to enhance the quality of service, it is thought that the way providing personalized service geared toward each audience is needed. that is, if audience avoids the complexity in exhibition space and it affords them service to enable effective time and space management, it will improve the satisfaction. All such personalized service affordable lets the audience's preference on the basis of each audience profile registered in advance online grasp. and Based on this information, it is provided with exhibition-related information suited their purpose that is the booth for the interesting audience, the shortest path to go to the booth and event via audience's smart phone. and it collects audience's reaction information, such as visiting the booth, participating the event through offered the information in this way and location information for the flow of movement, the present position so that it makes revision of existing each audience profile. After correcting the information, it extracts the individual's preference. hereunder, it provides recommend booth and event information. in other words, it provides optimal information for individual by amendment based on reaction information about recommending information built on basic profile. It provides personalized service dynamic and interactive with audience. This paper will be able to provide the most suitable information for each audience through circular and interactive structure and designed smart-phone application supportable for updating dynamic and interactive personalized service that is able to afford surrounding information in real time, as locating movement position through sensing. The proposed application collects user's context information and carrys information gathering function collecting the reaction about searched or provided information via sensing. and it also carrys information gathering function providing needed data for user in exhibition hall. In other words, it offers information about recommend booth of position foundation for user, location-based services of recommend booth and involves service providing detailed information for inside exhibition by using service of augmented reality, the map of whole exhibition as well. and it is also provided with SNS service that is able to keep information exchange besides intimacy. To provide this service, application is consisted of several module. first of all, it includes UNS identity module for sensing, and contain sensor information gathering module handling and collecting the perceived information through this module. Sensor information gathered like this transmits the information gathering server. and there is exhibition information interfacing with user and this module transmits to interesting information collection module through user's reaction besides interface. Interesting information collection module transmits collected information and If valid information out of the information gathering server that brings together sensing information and interesting information is sent to recommend server, the recommend server makes recommend information through inference with gathered valid information. If this server transmit by exhibition information process, exhibition information process module is provided with user by interface. Through this system it raises the dynamic, intelligent personalized service for user.


To evaluate whether a history of smoking or smoking during therapy after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for clinically localised prostate cancer is associated with increased treatment‐related toxicity or disease progression.


The probabilistic estimation or prediction of future inter-arrival times (T) of strong earthquake magnitudes (M≥6.5, Richter scale), felt in Mexico City from 1908 to 1979, is considered in terms of Bayes theorem. P(Tr/M)={P(Tr)P(M/Tr)}/Σ(Tj)P(M/Tj). We require the posterior probability P(Tr/M), i.e., the conditional probability of the event Tr, given that M has occurred. T0 determine the prior probability P(Tj) and the likelihood function P(M/Tj), we use two fundamental assumptions: (i) Random occurrence with the associated equal prior probabilities, (ii) Binomial likelihood function. However, the discrete Bayesian analysis of our earthquake sample is evaluated on the basis of the proportion of successes (p), rather than in the number of successes. Thus, the Bayesian posterior distribution is the distribution of (p) conditional on observing the sample with X successes. The posterior distribution can be written in the form, where r stands for the specific midpoint earthquake magnitude class, s stand for the specific time-interval class. The discrete Bayesian analysis of strong earthquakes felt in Mexico City, suggests that the probabilistic estimation or prediction of strong earthquakes (magnitudes) felt in Mexico City as follows: Observed Predicted(Occurrence time)(Occurrence time)October 25, 1981 (Ms=7.3) June, 1980 (M=7.3)June 7, 1982 (Ms=7.0) January, 1982 (M=7.3)September, 1985 (M=7.8) April, 1986 (M=7.8)It should be noted that very strong agreement exists between the Observed occurrence time and the Predicted occurrence time.


A superovulation therapy with C. C+hMG+hCG on 23 infertile female patients who were considered to be suitable for IVF-ET or GIFT treatment. The whole therapy period was 24 menstrual cycles. Development and maturation of follicles were monitored by the


Charles Bonnet Syndrome, a diagnosis common in elderly population, usually present with pleasant hallucinations. But in some cases it may cause significant distress which warrants an early diagnosis and adequate management. Review of literature suggests a variety of management options in psychiatric and ophthalmic realm. We discuss successful management of complex visual hallucinations with the use of tiaprex, an atypical antipsychotic.


First side, at least one divider including the opening (112) to enable opposite second side of the first side, and first and fluid communication between the second side (100). Valve cover (150,250,350,450) is placed on a second side of the on at least one aperture. Valve cover (350, 450) are dividers (100) end opposing the first pair are attached to (350b, 350c, 450d, 450e), the other extending between the ends of said opposed first pair end (350s, 450b), and a divider other end attached to the (100) (350s, 450b).


The effect of slow intravenous injection of adrenaline on the volume flow and amylase content of parotid saliva in man was studied in three subjects. Saliva was collected by suction cups. Rate of salivary flow and amylase concentration varied widely between individuals and in any one individual from day to day. Adrenaline, at rates of injection of 6 and 3 μg per minute, consistently decreased the volume flow, but increased the concentration of amylase, in parotid saliva. The rate of secretion of amylase (the product of rate of salivary flow and concentration of amylase) remained relatively constant.


Abstract In this paper computational glow curves are presented for commonly used models by varying the various parameters in the respective models. The characteristics of the computed glow curves are discussed in the following aspects: (i) temperature of maximum intensity, (ii) shape of the glow curve, (iii) kinetics order b, in particular the relevance of non-integral order and the condition causing it, (iv) pre-exponential factor s' and its dimensions, (v) possible relationship of empirical parameters (b and s') with the physical parameters, (vi) growth of intensity as a function of trap occupancy, (vii) pre-dose sensitization, (viii) applicability of different models to experimental results from some commonly studied materials, (ix) role of trapping/untrapping transitions and other physico-chemical processes during thermal stimulation of emission and (x) relevance of computerized fitting and deconvolution of experimentally obtained glow curves. The results of the study show that in general the glow pea...


Britain outweighed the disadvantages, Dr. A. H. Douthwaite's disagreement with that opinion4 was left unsupported. But since then opinion has hardened, no doubt in part because clinical experience with the newer synthetic analgesics has increasingly shown that they do not meet the needs of some cases, and that heroin alone can do so. Incidentally, addiction to pethidine, according to the World Health Organization, is now reaching alarming proportions.5 The B.M.A. considered the matter last year in response to a request from the World Medical Association, and the Council agreed that the medical profession should not be deprived of the use of this drug. As Dr. R. Hale-White points out elsewhere (p. 1277), this is a sufficient refutation of the opinion expressed in the House of Lords by Lords Mancroft and Haden-Guest that the whole medical profession is behind this Order. Further opposition to it is evident in motions sent in by B.M.A. Divisions (published in the Supplement this week at p. 242) for debate at the Annual Representative Meeting in June. Opinion seems on the contrary to favour the continued prescribing of the drug. All this, combined with the fact that the drug is widely prescribed with relatively little ill effect, suggests that alternative means should be sought for preventing the abuse of heroin. Surely the Government might well try authorizing .production for home use only and place a ban on exports.


Summary.
 Clutch size of Blackish Nightjar Nyctipolus nigrescens is generally considered to be one egg. Records of two-egg clutches mentioned in ornithological literature of the 19th and early 20th century are possibly mistakes or misidentifications. However, we report a documented recent observation of a female incubating two eggs.


The aim of this research was to explore the experience of parenting a child diagnosed with a developmental disability. The in-depth interviews were semistructured and open-ended, covering topics such as positive and negative experiences and time demand in raising a child with a developmental disability, their effects on family relationship and on physical and mental health of the parents, and the strategies for managing the negative experiences. Overall, the participants indicated that parenting a child with a developmental disability is both challenging and rewarding, depending on the circumstances facing parents in a particular day. The findings are interpreted in five thematic structures: (1) negotiating joys and sorrows, (2) physical and mental exhaustion, (3) negotiating with family matters, (4) social stigma, and (5) hope in the midst of despair, each of which comprised several subthemes/categories. The discussion includes implications of the findings.


Carnitine is a water-soluble quaternary amine which increases the long-chain fatty acid metabolism by facilitation of their transport to the oxidation site (mitochondria). Carnitine most likely is present in all animal species, in many microorganisms, and in many plants. In this study, we determined the carnitine level of sera in pregnant and non-pregnant women by segade modified method. Average concentration of carnitine in the sera of fifty pregnant women was about 25/83 umol/I: First trimester-30.96 umol/I. Second trimester-29.11 umol/I. Third trimester-25.11 umol/I. concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride in the above-mentioned group was the following: Cholesterol: 258.84 mg/dl triglyceride: 267.02 mg/dl. The above values show that the carnitine level in sera of pregnant women decreases significantly and this decrease is tolerated well by pregnant women. According to our results, the serum carnitine concentration in pregnant women gradually decreases as gestation proceeds. So that the end of this period, is half of its concentration before conception. During pregnancy, there was an inverse correlation between carnitine level and that of cholesterol and triglycerides. Decrease in carnitine concentration and increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels may be due to the following factors: 1) Increase in FFA oxidation in pregnancy. 2) Hormones. 3) Dilution of the blood. 4) Decrease in Fe storage in pregnant women.


In addition to the contributions and relevance of entrepreneurship activities to economic growth and development of countries, various factors have equally been advanced as responsible for the success stories of entrepreneurship sustainability worldwide. However, the influence of success factors on gender ownership of entrepreneurship activities is a relatively new aspect in the field of research that has not gained much academic attention in the literature especially in South Africa. This debate is so important in the face of the various agitations for equal participation of women and the inconclusive debate that women are better managers of business enterprises. In this article, using the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) technique, we examined the extent to which sustainable entrepreneurship indicators (finance, social and environmental) account for any disparity in gender ownership and management of business enterprises in South Africa. A stratified sampling method was adopted for the survey. Our analytical technique (MANOVA) created a new summary dependent variable, which is a linear combination of each of our original dependent variables. Confidence intervals of 95% and margins of error (3%) were used to validate the results. Findings indicate that the only difference that exists as per gender ownership disparity is around financial resources. There is therefore a need to realign programmes and policies to reduce this gendered inequality.


Asynchronous event-triggered control (AETC) is a control strategy proposed for wireless networked implementations whose sensor nodes have limited energy supplies. Local thresholds allow the sensors to sample and to transmit local measurements independently of each other. AETC uses only one bit for each measurement transmission while still guarantees stability and predesigned performance of the closed-loop. In this paper, we extend the previous work on AETC, and study the stability and ℒ2-performance of periodic asynchronous event-triggered control (PAETC) for implementations with disturbances. In PAETC, the local event-triggered conditions are verified periodically at every sampling time. A dynamic controller is introduced to the PAETC framework, and the decision to transmit the controller outputs is also included in the asynchronous event-triggered mechanism to save network bandwidth. The developed theory is illustrated in a numerical example.


The central thrust of this book is the relationship of magnetic properties and device performance to structure at atomic, nanometer, and submicron length scales. Emphasis is placed on advances in synthesis and characterization, including theoretical and computational treatments applied to model systems and to device structures like spin valves, CMR and GMR materials. Results from diverse experimental tools and from many theoretical and computational approaches are organized around the areas of magnetic and magnetotransport phenomena and their applications. Topics include: synthesis, processing and characteriza-tion; novel applications and approaches for magnetism; nano/microstructure and magnetic properties; structure and properties - mixing, strain and steps; nanoscale magnetic confinement, particles and arrays; magnetization reversal and domain structure; synchrotron radiation studies of magnetic materials; magneto-optic properties, effects and measurements; magnetic phenomena - theory and experiment; spin-dependent transport - CMR and tunneling; and interlayer coupling and spin polarization.


The low-pass chebyshev type impedance matching network was analyzed and designed. It is indicated that this kind of low-pass filter type impedance converter can be better in impedance matching with reactive load and it can reduce the debugging work load in impedance matching of antenna engineering. Finally the correctness and feasibility of this kind of low-pass filter type impedance converter is tested and it can be used in designing of broadband antenna.


Infrared dichroism of nematic liquid N-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-p-butylaniline (MBBA) was measured using a conventional transmission method and an ATR method. In the former, KBr windows were used as substrates. The degree of orientation order of the homogeneous structure, which was achieved by a rubbing procedure, was obtained to be S=0.40. Using the measured dichroic ratios, the angles between the transition moments and the long axis of the molecule were calculated. The calculated values are in satisfactory agreement with the molecular conformation already suggested. In the ATR method, In2O3-coated glass plates were used as substrates. Rubbing of the In2O3 surface gave a uniform homogeneous orientation with an S value of 0.57. An In2O3 surface treated with dimethyldichlorosilane gave a homeotropic texture with an S value of 0.53. The directions of the transition moments relative to the long axis of the molecule closely agreed with those obtained from transmission spectra.


Professor Chao Enxiang is good at treating pulmonary system diseases.He laid great stress on the function of wind pathogen.He used the therapy of dispelling wind and relieving spasm in treating bronchial asthma,proposed the way of dispelling wind and promoting the dispersing function of the lung,as well as relieving spasm and cough for treating variant asthma and urgent COPD cases.Selected the treatment of reinforcing the lung and kidney for chronic COPD cases.He also put forward to use traditional Chinese medical theory of the consumptive lung disease in treating pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,including nourishing Yin and invigoration Qi,reinforcing the lung and kidney as well as dispelling wind and promoting the dispersing function of the lung,relieving cough and asthma,eliminating stasis and promoting blood circulation.


Despite being an extremely connected society, new phenomena are stemming from this new tech-era, such as Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and loneliness. In this project, data was collected from around 150 Generation Z engineering students to analyze possible individual predictors of FOMO and loneliness, and their link with objective measurements of smartphone and social media usage. The results show that more than half of subjects underestimated their usage time, and there was no direct correlation between overall smartphone use and FOMO. When analyzing individual differences in personality traits, FOMO was linked to Agreeableness, Neuroticism and Extraversion. Loneliness was found to be related with how subjects usually feel after using social media, with more than 40% of them having negative of mixed feelings after visiting social media platforms. This study gives insights of behavioral decisions of younger adults and how individual differences might impact the outcomes of social media use.


An overview of the renewable sector. Analysis of the historical and planned investments in the renewable sector. M&A trands activity in the renawable sector. Chinese electricity market overview. Foreign players in Chinese electricity market. Enel Green Power. How EGP can enter the Chinese market?


pirenne was emphatic that the wool textiles of Flanders and northern France that were exported throughout Europe and to the Levant during the thirteenth century and formed the basis of the prosperity of the region were "in the full force of the term luxury products". Although this view has been questioned, it remains the accepted orthodoxy. The most recent historian of Flanders, for example, repeats Pirenne almost word for word and goes on to describe the Flemish cloth as a product held in "matchless esteem" by an "exclusive public throughout Europe". The present study aims to provide a more comprehensive picture than has so far been undertaken of the structure of the trade and to address more particularly the question of whether the cheaper varieties of cloth were an important component of the trade and what their characteristics were. On this basis the validity of the standard view can be tested.1 The pertinent evidence is of two types. There is commercial evidence, which itself falls into two categories; the record of actual transactions in notarial contracts and in the accounts of merchants and consumers on the one hand; and on the other, official schedules of prices, duties, and cloth lengths laid down by the authorities. Such documentation is largely limited to the Italian, southern French, and Iberian markets, but it is sufficient to permit a detailed breakdown of the relative prices of textiles entering into long-distance trade-both of woollen cloth proper and the various special types of cloth such as says, stanforts, and biffes and of their place of manufacture. On relative volumes, although it provides some pointers, it is not so informative; still less so on the classes of consumer. Secondly, there is the evidence of guild regulations, which, although not as abundant as for the subsequent period, survive from the later thirteenth century for a number of the major centres of production. These throw more light on the structure of the trade. More importantly, the specifications laid down by the guilds make it possible to relate the range of prices demonstrated by the commercial evidence to differences in the techniques of manufacture, and so of quality, an obscure


A method of managing an address book of an image forming apparatus that supports a peer-to-peer (P 2 P) connection includes connecting the image forming apparatus to an external wireless device in the P 2 P connection method through a wireless local area network (WLAN); operating a soft access point (AP) module of the image forming apparatus so that the image forming apparatus operates as an AP; allocating an internet protocol (IP) address to the wireless device by driving a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server unit (DHCP server) of the image forming apparatus; and registering the wireless device connected to the image forming apparatus in the address book, which stores wireless devices that are connectable to the image forming apparatus, with the allocated IP address.


The performance of an electroluminescence (EL) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with a multi avalanche photodiode (APD) readout was studied in pure xenon at 3.8 bar. Intercalibration and reconstruction methods were developed and applied to the data yielding energy resolutions as good as 5.3± 0.1% FWHM for 59.5 keV gammas from 241Am. This result was reproduced with a Monte Carlo (MC) based on Geant4 and Penelope which predicted 5.2% FWHM for the used setup. Point resolutions of ≈ 0.5 mm were obtained with a pitch of 15 mm between the APDs. These results show that multi-APD readout is a competitive technology for EL detectors filled with pure xenon.


The oscillations in the power reflection coefficient as a function of the normalized incident wave frequency and slab velocity are shown for electromagnetic waves obliquely incident on an isotropic plasma slab relativistically moving along the slab interface. Both parallel and perpendicular polarizations of the wave are considered.


Real-time distance measurement is often unavailable in a stereo vision measurement system because of large amount of calculation and hardware limitation. In this paper,the key technologies of binocular stereo vision are introduced. The method of pre-calibration is used along with a fast stereo matching algorithm and optimized parameters to achieve the target real time tracking and measurement by the dynamic disparity search combined with the target tracking algorithm. Experiments indicate the low cost system has high feasibility and achieves real-time tracking and measurement of object with precision in a certain range.


The article analyzes the regularities of the formation and development of the lymphoid lobules of the parenchyma of the somatic (Limphonodi cervicales superficiales) and visceral (L. jejunales) lymph nodes in domestic cattle in the fetal period of ontogenesis. We used routine histological techniques and author's modification of the impregnation of total median sections with silver nitrate. Visualization of various zones of lymphoid lobules was carried out taking into account the specific for different cell zones architectonics of reticular fibers. It has been established that signs of morphological heterogeneity of parenchyma of lymph nodes are first found in three month-old fetuses, which is associated with the concentration of lymphoid tissue along the marginal sinus. Separation of lymphoid lobules and their structural and functional differentiation are first detected in five month fetuses. In the lymphoid lobules of five month-old fetuses all structural and functional cell zones are observable, among which the regions of clonal proliferation of T and B lymphocytes are the least developed, and regions of the transit corridors for lymphocytes migrating medullary and the cords (zone of potential accumulation of plasmocytes and antibody formation) are the most developed. Structural and functional transformations of compartments in the prenatal period of ontogenesis are accompanied by a predominantly moderate increase of the relative volume of specialized T- and B-dependent zones of lobules, against a background of a gradual decrease of the volume of transit corridors for lymphocytes migrating and zone of potential accumulation of plasmocytes and antibody formation. Due to the small volume and relatively low rates of development of the lymphocytes clonal proliferation zones, the quantitative ratios of the cellular zones in lymphoid lobules of the lymph nodes of domestic cattle in prenatal ontogenesis remain relatively stable, while maintaining the maximum indices of the development of transit corridors for lymphocytes migration and medullary cords. Among the zones of lymphocytes clonal proliferation throughout the fetal period, T-dependent zones predominate, the relative volume of which is 5.0–7.5 times greater than the volume of B-dependent zones. Lymphoid lobules in the lymph nodes of the domestic cattle fetuses of all age groups are arranged along the marginal sinus in one row and have a polar structure due to the formation of lymph nodes at one pole of the lobules in the interfollicular zone. In the visceral lymph nodes (L. jejunum) of 8–9 month-old fetuses, individual lymph nodes can form in paracortical strands, on the border with the interfollicular zone.


Micromachined, piezoresistive-sensed diaph- ragms are designed and fabricated specifically for infrasound sensing applications. Relatively large diaphragms, up to 6 mm $\times6$ mm, are fabricated to meet the high sensitivity requirements of infrasonic monitoring. A double-stack SOI wafer process is used, resulting in a streamlined two-mask process without the need for doping or ion-implantation. Pressure-sensitivities of diaphragms are studied using a custom static calibration set-up. The piezoresistance of longitudinal and transverse resistors are studied over a large pressure range of ±5,500 Pa so that the linear and nonlinear response regions of diaphragms are observed. Measurements are compared against a nonlinear finite element simulation—shown to accurately predict the sensor's behavior over a large response range.


Chemotherapy is a leading method of anticancer treatment. However, most of the chemotherapy agents have high systemic toxicity, poor bioavailability and solubility, which limit their clinical dose and decrease therapeutic outcomes. Nanoparticle (NP)‐based drug delivery systems have a potential to address these problems. We describe the formulation of a pH sensitive NP platform suitable for anticancer drug delivery. The NP's core is composed of polylactic‐co glycolic acid (PLGA) conjugated to a platinum‐based drug. The NP's corona is composed of a targeting ligand against Mucin 1 – a protein overexpressed on some epithelial cancer cells, and a pH‐sensitive pegylated phospholipid shell that provides high water solubility of the NPs. PLGA is biodegradable, biocompatible, and is FDA approved. The pH sensitive coating is achieved with a hydrazone linker that connects phospholipids with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG). Hydrolysis of the PEG‐hydrazone‐phospholipid occurs faster at slightly acidic environment (pH 6.8), which is characteristic of a tumor. The purpose of PEG cleavage is to unshield the targeting ligands on the NPs and facilitate fast NPs uptake by the cancer cells through receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The DNA aptamer is used as targeting ligand against Mucin 1, and the NP was tested in ovarian cancer model where Mucin 1 was found to be highly overexpressed. Our platform has been tested in both chemo naïve and chemo resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, including A2780, CP70, ES2, TOV21G, OV90. The NPs uptake and biological activity was high in all cells tested, and the results were compared to carboplatin, a free drug analogue. Also, preliminary in vivo studies demonstrated efficient NPs accumulation within the tumor tissue. The NP design is flexible and can easily be extended to delivery of other anticancer agents, or to the treatment of different tumor types.


Abstract In this article, plasma-sprayed coatings of borosilicate glass microspheres (BGM) premixed with TiO2 particles in different proportions are deposited at various input power levels of the plasma torch. Erosion wear characteristics of these coatings are investigated following a plan of experiments based on the Taguchi technique, which is used to acquire the erosion test data in a controlled way. The study reveals that the impact velocity is the most significant among various factors influencing the wear rate of these coatings. An artificial neural network (ANN) approach is then implemented taking into account training and testing procedures to predict the triboperformance under different erosive wear conditions. This technique helps in saving time and resources for a large number of experimental trials and successfully predicts the wear rate of the coatings both within and beyond the experimental domain. This article proposes an integrated application of ANN and Taguchi's experimental design for analyzing and predicting the solid particle erosion wear response of a new class of coatings.


ChemImage's LightGuard sensor incorporates short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to help address the problem of standoff detection of IEDs. The sensor technology exploits uncooled focal plane array technology in combination with novel liquid crystal optics and real-time machine vision processing methods to provide high definition imagery of IED threats in highly cluttered environments. LightGuard technology has been tested successfully at speeds up to 15 mph and at distances up to 200 m for the detection of military and homemade explosives, IED command wires, EFP camouflage and disturbed earth associated with IED emplacements. A summary of validated test results will be discussed which show LightGuard technology having unprecedented detection capability, including high sensitivity and low false alarm rates which enhance vehicle survivability. INTRODUCTION Proliferation of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) is a growing threat to civilians, soldiers and their equipment. IEDs have been used extensively against coalition forces in Iraq and are the weapon of choice among insurgents in Afghanistan. Since the inception of combat operations, the United States Department of Defense (DoD) estimates that (as of 2006) nearly 50% of casualties in Iraq have been a result of IEDs [1]. In 2010, an estimated 57% of coalition combat deaths in Afghanistan have been caused by IEDs [2]. As the term "improvised" implies, IEDs can come in a variety of forms and settings, however all are designed to distract, delay, incapacitate and/or destroy personnel or vehicles. IEDs typically incorporate some form of explosive (military, commercial or homemade) along with an explosive charge, a detonator and an initiation system. Shrapnel generating objects or armor penetrators may be used in IEDs, as well as toxic chemical, biological and/or radioactive material. IEDs can be placed in a variety of scenarios, such as buried in the ground, vehicle-borne (car/truck bombs) or personnel-borne (suicide bombers). Because of the growing danger and the unpredictable nature of IEDs, counter-IED (C-IED) efforts are at the forefront of military forces [3]. Many existing explosive detection technologies require close proximity sensing – endangering the safety of operators, and risking damage to costly equipment. Several standoff sensors exist for the detection of IEDs. Many of these sensors, however, are laser-based systems and present a risk of blinding personnel who may find themselves in the path of the laser beam. Furthermore, most of the existing explosives detection technologies lack the ability to support autonomous, real-time, OTM architectures. This paper describes how the ChemImage LightGuard sensor has features and capabilities that provide more relevant support to the C-IED endeavor. LIGHTGUARD SENSOR The LightGuard Sensor is a short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system for eyesafe, standoff detection of disturbed earth, homemade explosives (HMEs), military explosives and chemicals on surfaces, as well as IED command Proceedings of the 2010 Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS) wires and/or EFP camouflage, all of which can be associated with IEDs or IED emplacement activity. Detections may be performed with the sensor in a fixed site configuration and/or in an on-the-move (OTM) scenario. In operation, solar radiation or external lighting illuminate a surface and photons are absorbed or reflected by the materials in the field of view, depending on their composition. A portion of the reflected photons are collected by a lens and images are generated as a function of wavelength modulated by a SWIR liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). The LCTF covers the SWIR wavelength range of 9001700 nm and is coupled to an uncooled InGaAs focal plane array detector. Because the images are collected as a function of wavelength, contrast within the image is indicative of the varying amounts of absorbance, reflectance or scatter associated with the various materials present in the field of view. Additionally, each pixel in the image has a fully resolved SWIR spectrum associated with it. The resulting SWIR spectral signatures are compared to a SWIR spectral library compiled from known material signatures and trained against ambient background. Positive detections are obtained by comparing the SWIR scene to a signature library using pattern matching algorithms. This method yields a rapid, reagentless, nondestructive, non-contact method capable of fingerprinting trace materials in complex background. Standoff Detection of IEDs While On the Move, Treado, et al. The LightGuard SWIR HSI sensor addresses the need to operate in a stand-off configuration allowing for target-to-sensor distances of up to 200m. Through use of a customized SWIR zoom lens, LightGuard facilitates wide area surveillance capability as well as high magnification targeting for local area confirmation of residues on surfaces. High definition visible imaging is also incorporated in the LightGuard sensor to assist in targeting areas of interest. Because the sensor operates in reflectance mode and explosive signatures are based on vibrational absorbance spectroscopy, sensitivity is determined by the absorbance cross section (absorptivity) of the explosive material, the noise characteristics of the detector and spatial resolution of the sensor. LightGuard has sensitivities reaching submicrogram/cm levels. The selectivity of the LightGuard sensor is in part due to the wavelength agile LCTF. The LCTF can be tuned to any wavelength in the spectral range, giving us access to hundreds of spectral bands and thus generating a fully resolved SWIR spectrum for every image pixel. The absorption bands associated with the SWIR region of the spectrum generally result from overtones and combination bands of O-H, N-H, C-H and S-H stretching and bending vibrations. The molecular overtones and combination bands in the SWIR are typically broad, leading to complex spectra where it can be difficult to assign specific chemical components to specific spectral features. However, taking advantage of multivariate statistical processing techniques also helps to improve the selectivity of the LightGuard sensor. By applying these techniques, we can generally extract the important chemical information. The individual components of interest are uniquely identified based on their absorbance properties. In additional to multivariate statistical processing, our algorithm development efforts have addressed the need for real-time detection. We have developed a software package known as the Real Time Toolkit (RTTK) that provides detection and identification necessary to enhance the soldier, civilian and vehicle survivability. Additional features of LightGuard are summarized in Table 1. An image of LightGuard is shown in Figure 1. Features Key Technology Solutions and Benefits


The invention relates to edible bittern and a preparation method thereof, in particular to edible oil-tea camellia bittern for rice noodles and a preparation method thereof. The edible oil-tea camellia bittern consists of sauce and oil-tea camellia in the weight ratio (1.5-2.5):1, wherein the sauce is prepared by mixing, cooking and filtering the following raw materials: water, ox vertebrae, pig ribs, pig bones, old ginger, cooking wine, fermented soya beans, salt, sugar, star anise, sand ginger, pseudo-ginseng root, cassia bark, tsaoko amomum fruit, clove, wild pepper, dried orange peel, liquoric root, common fennel, bay leaves, dahurian angelica root, clove mother, corsvenor momordica fruit, cassiabarktree fruit and vegetables; and the oil-tea camellia is prepared by mixing, cooking and filtering the following raw materials: water, old chicken, pig bones, qingming tea, mango ginger, toasted garlic, chive, parsley and camellia-seed oil. In the method, the oil-tea camellia is prepared by frying qingmin tea with the camellia-seed oil, i.e., tea oil; tea oil does not contain any substance harmful to human bodies such as cholesterol, flavacol and the like, is a true pure natural environmentally-friendly edible oil, and can be matched with various Chinese medicinal herbs; and the edible oil-tea camellia bittern has rich nutrition, remarkable oil tea function and ideal physical therapy and body care functions.


In this paper, a model of laminated plates called M4-5N and validated in a previous paper is modified in order to take into account interlaminar plasticity by means of displacement discontinuities at the interfaces. These discontinuities are calculated by adapting a 3D plasticity model. In order to compute the model, a Newton–Raphson-like method is employed. In this method, two sub-problems are considered: one is linear and the other is non-linear. In the linear problem the non-linear equations of the model are linearized and the calculations are performed by making use of a finite element software. By iterating the resolution of each sub-problem, one obtains after convergence the solution of the global problem. The model is then applied to the problem of a double lap, adhesively bonded joint subjected to a tensile load. The adhesive layer is modeled by an elastic–plastic interface. The results of the M4-5N model are compared with those of a commercial finite element software. A good agreement between the two computation techniques is obtained and validates the non-linear calculations proposed in this paper. Finally, the numerical tool and a delamination criterion are applied to predict delamination onset in composite laminates.


Soil-structure interaction is interdisciplinary field which involves structural and geotechnical engineering. In the conventional non-interaction analysis of building frame structural designer assumed that columns are resting on unyielding support. Similarly, in foundation design, foundation settlements are calculated without considering the influence of the structural stiffness. Although, interaction effect is ignored to simplify the mathematical model but neglecting the interaction between soils and structures may result in a design that is either unnecessarily costly or unsafe. A more rational solution of soil-structure interaction problem can be achieved with computational validity and accuracy by appropriate analysis. The present study makes an attempt to study the possible alternative solutions proposed by various researchers to evaluate the effect of soilstructure interaction from time to time.


Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China has basically established a financial system that has adapted to the requirements of the market economy after several stages of financial innovation. Based on financial innovation events in China from 1979 to 2015, this paper compiles the structural index of China's financial innovation, and analyses the evolution trends and influencing factors of China's financial innovation structure. The index reflects the increasingly complexity and maturity of the overall structure of financial innovation since the reform and opening up, while the cumulative contribution of the six innovative forms to the changes in innovation structure has become more consistent and stable. The empirical analysis shows that the exploration of financial innovation is the continuous driving force to promote the change of financial innovation structure in China. What's more, major reform decisions, opening to the outside world, as well as scientific and technological progress promote the structural change of China's financial innovation, while the financial crisis inhibits the structural change of China's financial innovation. The policy implication of this paper is that China needs to deepen reform, create a more suitable environment for endogenous financial innovation, carry out more original financial innovation, focus on promoting system, management and technology innovation, and pay attention to the selection of opportunity and window period of innovation.


The primary objective of the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project is to estimate the radiation dose that individuals could have received as a result of emissions since 1944 from the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. One of the major objectives of the HEDR Project is to develop several computer codes to model the airborne releases. transport and envirorunental accumulation of radionuclides resulting from Hanford operations from 1944 through 1972. In July 1992, the HEDR Project Manager determined that the computer codes being developed (DESCARTES, calculation of environmental accumulation from airborne releases, and CIDER, dose calculations from environmental accumulation) were not sufficient to create accurate models. A team of HEDR staff members developed a plan to assure that computer codes would meet HEDR Project goals. The plan consists of five tasks: (1) code requirements definition. (2) scoping studies, (3) design specifications, (4) benchmarking, and (5) data modeling. This report defines the data requirements for the DESCARTES and CIDER codes.


Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is the tool that is able to detect occurrences of intrusion at host, network, as well as application. One of the most common network attacks is Denial of Service (DoS) attack. In DoS attack, a single host will send huge number of packets to one machine and thus make the operating of the network and host slow. There are several algorithms that have been proposed to detect DOS attacks and most of these solutions are based on detection mechanisms that have the potential of producing high number of false alarms. In addition, most of the solutions are monitoring and analyzing packets inside the network instead of network flow. In this paper, signature of selected attacks such as Smurf, Mail-Bomb and Ping-of-Death which are based on network flow is considered. The proposed engine monitors the network flows to detect attacks and the results show less false negative error during monitoring. In addition signature based IDS which use fuzzy decision tree for monitoring network flow proves that there are improvements on speed of detection and also performance of system.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the international retailers' strategic responses to the institutional environment in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach - Based on in-depth interviews with top managers from a grounded-theory perspective, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of the implications of the institutional environment for the strategic choices of international retailers in an emerging market, especially in China. Findings - The international retailer's strategic choices are often identified as pragmatism, dynamism, public policy-orientation, seeking lead position in the market and decentralization if the institutional distance between the home country and host country is high. Moreover, when international retailers can commit to cultivating local markets and creating shared added value, they are better able to respond proactively to an institutional environment that is geared to a collective social network and still in a phase of transition. Research limitations/implications - This paper focuses on only one country, China. Originality/value - The major value of this paper is to highlight the specificities of international retailers' strategic responses to the institutional environment of an emerging market. Attention to these specificities would enable researchers to analyze better the reality of retail internationalization process in an emerging market.


This paper discussed an advanced welding and machining process about big fabric part.The technology scheme involved welding fixture,advanced tool,machining equipment,the control of welding distortion and so on.Then we gained a suit of particular manufacturing process about mining truck's front-axle.Finally,we produced the complex part and realized the batch production.The practicality patent about front-axle impaction in NC machine has been authorized,and the whole technology of "The Manufacturing Process of Diesel-electric Mining Truck's Front-Axle" is advanced in the world.


A method for decoding encoded data comprising integrated data and header protection is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, such a method includes receiving an extended data array. The extended data array includes a data array organized into rows and columns, headers appended to the rows of the data array, column ECC parity protecting the columns of the data array, and row ECC parity protecting the rows and headers combined. The method then decodes the extended data array. Among other operations, this decoding step includes checking the header associated with each row to determine whether the header is legal. If the header is legal, the method determines the contribution of the header to the corresponding row ECC parity. The method then reverses the contribution of the header to the corresponding row ECC parity. A corresponding apparatus (i.e., a tape drive configured to implement the above-described method) is also disclosed herein.


Nonlinear absorption of 176-fs laser pulses in GaP was measured using both time-domain and intensity-domain techniques. The nonlinear response turned out to have a very short relaxation time. The absolute value of the two-photon absorption coefficient was measured.


In this paper, we seek to contribute to the debate concerning the emergence of a 'new realism' in transport planning in the UK, through an examination of the development of Local Transport Plans. After describing the background to these policy changes, we consider how one central tenet of the new realism—the need to manage demand—is taking shape within the local transport planning process in Cambridgeshire and Leicester. We argue that although a 'climate of desperation' exists in each case over levels of traffic growth and their associated impacts, policy learning and change have been confined to a 'weak' interpretation of new realism where transport planning remains effectively subservient to prevailing local notions of how economic competitiveness ought to be promoted. In conclusion, we argue that this poses fundamental challenges for national government's transport and sustainable development policies.


Forest fragmentation mapping, change detection, and gas well site identification in remotely sensed imagery: the role of spatial resolution Benjamin A. Baker This research focuses on identifying optimal data and methods for detecting and quantifying land cover/land use change associated with natural gas drilling in Appalachia. Airborne and satellite remote sensing provides a tool for examining land cover changes. Although change detection has been used in many applications related to natural and anthropogenic land cover change, little research has investigated the spatial pattern of land cover change associated with the ongoing expansion of natural gas drilling, particularly within the Marcellus Shale formation found across much of the northern Appalachian Region. Mapping land cover/land use change facilitates research of other relevant topics that require an understanding of methodological and scaling issues, particularly concerning environmental impacts of gas well drilling. I found that objectbased classification is not significantly more accurate than pixel-based classification and accuracy does not vary with spatial resolution. However, object-based classifications were qualitatively more suitable for identifying land cover change related to well clearings at finer (1 m) resolutions, whereas the pixel-based classifications had a higher percentage of correctly identified well clearings at the coarsest resolution (30 m). In addition to investigating classification accuracy, scaling relations of landscape metrics at fine resolutions were compared to previous research of Wu et al. (2002) and Wu (2004), and were found to be consistent with previous research. Landscape metrics were also used to test for statistically significant changes in the forested class between the 2004 and 2010 classifications. Landscape metrics derived from random quadrats sampled across the entire county produced results that differed from quadrats sampled from high and low well density areas. Changes in metrics for sample areas with low densities of new wells indicate forest area and mean patch size increased significantly. One metric—edge density (ED)—was found to be sensitive to clearings and other development (access roads) related to natural gas development in areas with higher densities of new well clearings. This research provides a foundation for future investigation into natural gas development and suggests significant changes to forested ecosystems must be observed on a finer scale than the county level to assess the ecological significance of natural gas development. iii Acknowledgements I have had a tremendous amount of support from many people that has allowed me to complete this research. First, I thank Dr. Warner for keeping me on track and giving me feedback on my progress and research goals that helped me improve my initial ideas. His encouragement throughout the process helped me stay focused throughout the duration of my research. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Jamison Conley and Dr. Brenden McNeil for their feedback and suggestions to improve my research and my writing. My family also deserves many thanks, especially my parents, Jeff and Alice Baker, and my in-laws, Morris and Francie Henard. I thank you all for encouraging and supporting me through my personal and academic activities. I also thank my beautiful wife, Charlie, for being a constant source of encouragement, inspiration, and joy. I truly could not have completed this endeavor without your love and support. Lastly, I thank my Heavenly Father for providing me with all that I have and for always guiding my path.


We study the relationship between decaying active-region magnetic fields, coronal holes, and the global coronal magnetic structure using Global Oscillations Network Group synoptic magnetograms, Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory extreme-ultraviolet synoptic maps, and coronal potential-field source-surface models. We analyze 14 decaying regions and associated coronal holes occurring between early 2007 and late 2010, 4 from cycle 23 and 10 from cycle 24. We investigate the relationship between asymmetries in active regions' positive and negative magnetic intensities, asymmetric magnetic decay rates, flux imbalances, global field structure, and coronal hole formation. Whereas new emerging active regions caused changes in the large-scale coronal field, the coronal fields of the 14 decaying active regions only opened under the condition that the global coronal structure remained almost unchanged. This was because the dominant slowly varying, low-order multipoles prevented opposing-polarity fields from opening and the remnant active-region flux preserved the regions' low-order multipole moments long after the regions had decayed. Thus, the polarity of each coronal hole necessarily matched the polar field on the side of the streamer belt where the corresponding active region decayed. For magnetically isolated active regions initially located within the streamer belt, the more intense polarity generally survived to form the hole. For non-isolated regions, flux imbalance and topological asymmetry prompted the opposite to occur in some cases.


In the elevation remaking of power lines,the length of the locally elevated line will be changed,which necessitates the calculation on stress of conductors and ground wire to adjust line length and to avoid stress increase on the strain section. In this paper,the temperature drop substitution method is presented and its calculation process illustrated with a case.


In this paper, the author discusses the development of an appraisal instrument designed for evaluating submissions to The Qualitative Report—the TQR Rubric. Following a description of the context of TQR, she explains what led to the development of the TQR Rubric and describes its components. She concludes by presenting the plan of implementation of the rubric and a discussion of how the TQR Rubric's elements relate to notions of quality presented in the literature. Key Words: Qualitative Research, Appraising, Quality, Peer Review Process, Social Constructionism. There is a rich and helpful body of academic literature related to writing and appraising qualitative research. This literature includes a discussion of what constitutes quality in qualitative research, as well as what contributes to a quality research report. In addition, there are several appraisal tools available to help those seeking to assess the quality of qualitative research reports. All of the Editors of The Qualitative Report think about how to evaluate qualitative research reports on a regular basis. We consider this issue both from a process perspective and a quality control perspective. In this paper, I describe how we as Editors of TQR came to the decision to develop our own appraisal tool for papers submitted to the journal and describe the tool that we developed—the TQR Rubric (Chenail, Cooper, Patron, & TQR Associates, 2011), as well as the developmental approach that guides our editorial processes and products. Quality in Qualitative Research Flick (2007) points out that the question of quality in qualitative research can be addressed on four different levels: the researcher interested in learning how well they have conducted their research, funding bodies seeking to determine what studies should be funded or evaluating funded research, journal editors deciding which research reports to publish, and readers hoping to learn what research they can rely on in their own work. In this paper we address quality in qualitative research from the perspective of journal editors. As Flick notes, "Here, the quality issue is in some way doubled. Consideration of rigour and criteria in the research is seen as essential if the research is to be published. The research in its presentation has to be linked back to existing literature, for example— which is a criterion at the level of presentation" (p. 5). In the peer review process of reviewing manuscripts for journals, "a growing number of guidelines for assessing research papers (articles, proposals) are developed,


Periodic structures of Si(001) and quartz glass master-matrices with the period of 4 µm and the polymer replicas fabricated by imprint lithography and UV light hardening techniques were investigated. The profile of the structures was examined by atomic force microscopy. Diffraction efficiency of the periodic structures was measured experimentally and calculated theoretically employing the integral technique. The results obtained show the diffraction efficiency to be an efficient tool for the control of surface relief formation during etching of master-matrix and its replication. It is shown that the quartz glass master-matrix is more efficient both for the imprint and UV hardening polymer replication as compared to the silicon one.


The Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) has undertaken activities directed towards the modernization of the State´s Pavement Management System (PMS). One of these activities has included the use of as-built plans in the development of a complete pavement state network information system that includes Historical Pavement Structural Information (HPSI), with practical use within a PMS. One of the main obstacles encountered has been the presence of inconsistencies in the recording format of pavement structural information and intervention history. To overcome this obstacle and facilitate the interpretation of available information from individual sections within the network, an Inventory Processing Tool (IPT) was developed. With the IPT, a sound basis for rational sectioning of the State´s pavement network can be established, which is fundamental in the development of deterioration models that rely on the similarity between sections to define families of pavements with similar deterioration processes. The present article summarizes the development of the IPT, and describes its capabilities to develop HPSI using existing records within the HDOT, with immediate applicability within the state´s PMS. A practical discussion of the difficulties encountered during the analysis of the raw data, and recommendations for implementation of the IPT towards the creation of a relatively simple pavement structural information system, are discussed.


AbstractAn investigation of failures of hard-drawn copper water pipes (phosphorus-deoxidised copper) in service due to pitting corrosion was conducted from November, 1962 to February, 1965. Fifteen cases were reported. All those about which information could be obtained came from hot water installations and occurred in water with a low pH (≤7) and a HCO3- content of, at the most, 100 mg/l but generally below 50 mg/1. Failures not due to pitting corrosion (i.e. caused by erosion and corrosion or corrosion fatigue) occurred in waters with a higher pH and higher HCO3- content.A laboratory investigation into the ability of the corrosion products to counteract further corrosion in different types of water was also carried out, using an electrolytic cell which, in principle, was a model of an active pit in a copper tube. This led to the following conclusions, which are in good agreement with the results obtained from the examination of service failures:If the pH value of the water is high enough, the copper dis...


Patients and methods Male and female patients diagnosed as having a major episode of depression according to DSM-111 criteria, and who had aminimum score of 18 on the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), were eligible for entry into the study. Pregnant or lactating women, patients with severe co-existing diseases, known alcohol abusers, and those known to be intolerant of tricyclic antidepressants were excluded.


The level of the flux of hadrons with energy in the multi MeV range expected from the collimation system at Point 7 and from the collisions at the interaction Points 1, 5 and 8 will induce Single Event Errors (SEEs) of the standard electronics present in the equipment located around these Points. Such events would perturb LHC operation. As a consequence, within the framework of the R2E (Radiation to Electronics) Mitigation Project, the sensitive equipment will be shielded or relocated to safer areas. These mitigation activities will be performed mainly during Long Shutdown 1 (LS1). About 15 groups (including equipment owners) will be involved in these activities with work periods from a few days to several months. Some of them will have to work in parallel in several LHC points. This document presents these mitigation activities with their associated planning, organization process, and main concerns as identified today.


Summary form only given, as follows. In the last few years, there has been rapid progress in the development of higher efficiency laser-pumped X-ray lasers which has led to a significant reduction in the energy required to produce a population inversion. At LLNL, we are continuing research on table-top transient collisional excitation schemes generated by high power (15 TW), 500 fs pulses from the COMET laser. Strong lasing has been demonstrated on various Ne-like and Ni-like ion X-ray lasers operating in the 130-320 /spl Aring/ range using typically 5-10 J of laser energy on target. Ultra high gains up to 55/cm have been observed allowing the possibility of achieving gain saturation and X-ray laser output energy of 1-10 /spl mu/J with target lengths of a few millimeters. Recent experiments show enhanced output of the X-ray laser when the short laser pulse irradiates the target in a traveling wave geometry. The high gain region in the plasma has been determined using multi-layer coated optics imaging and is compared with simulations to better understand the generation of the transient X-ray laser.


ObjectiveTo describe the philosophy and approach to patient care called evidence based medicine, and to highlight how it can enhance the practice of intensive care.Data SourcesWe searched MEDLINE, reference lists, and our personal files to identify relevant literature.Study SelectionArticles on inte


A 13-year-old orchard at the Rutgers Tree Fruit Research Center, Cream Ridge, N.J. was used in a series of 3 tests. In test I acaricides were applied on 3 Jul and 13 Jul (2nd application omitted in low rate of Beta-exotoxin) to 2 replicates of Red Delicious trees; in test I acaricides were applied on 25 Jul and 1 Aug to 2 replicates of Golden Delicious; and in test HI acaricides were applied on 10 Aug to 1 replicate each of Stayman and Golden Delicious, and to 2 replicates of Red Delicious. In all tests treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff, ca. 7 gal/tree, using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 psi. Mite population estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves from each tree, brushing mites onto glass plates, and counting motile mites. ERM days = total accumulation of mite days from first spray to last counting date. Mite days were calculated as follows: MD = MD1 + (Ml + M2)/2 Y, where MD1 = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to log x + 1 prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. (P = 0.05; DMRT).


textabstractHematopoiesis or blood cell formation is a continuous process in which maturing
hematopoietic cells with a limited life span are formed. The formation of all different
blood cell lineages originates from a small population of pluripotent stem cells that
reside in the bone marrow. Progenitor cells that are committed to a certain lineage
of differentiation orginate from these pluripotent stem cells. Hematopoiesis is
regulated by a network of cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors (HGF). The HGFs are produced locally by stromal cells. mature blood cells, endothelial
cells or specialized cells in organs such as lungs, liver and kidney. The levels of
HGFs are elevated in response to extracellular stimuli, such as infection or bleeding,
when a rapid rise of specific blood cell types is necessary. HGFs exert their effect by
binding to their corresponding receptors expressed on the membrane of their target
cells. Ligand binding results in the activation of downstream signaling pathways. A
cascade of phosphorylation events is involved in signal transduction. In one pathway,
the JAK Uanus kinase) family of protein tyrosine kinases are tyrosine phosphorylated
and in turn activate a family of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors, called STAT
(Signal Transduction and Activation of Transcription) proteins. Following their
activation, these STAT proteins are assembled into complexes which then
translocate to the nucleus and activate target genes by interaction with specific DNA
sequences. Another major HGF receptor signal transduction pathway includes
proteins that belong to the Ras family. Signaling molecules like Shc and
Grb2 function as adaptor proteins in this pathway by linking phosphorylated receptors
to downstream effectors. Grb2 binds to the activated receptor, and to Sos (Son of
sevenless) which after translocation to the plasma membrane activates Ras
triggering phosphorylation of Rat. The products of Raf, a serine tyrosine kinase and
mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) transmit signals for futher transmission to
the nucleus. In the nucleus, activation of transcription factors by phosphorylation
or other mechanisms results in activation of genes involved in cellular proliferation
and differentiation. Apart from affecting transcription, activated Ras
results in cyclin D1 activation and stimulates p27kip1 degradation via Rho.
Both events positively infiuence cell cycle entry (Figure 1.2).


At present, there are seven defects in the internal operation and management system of state owned proprietary commercial banks, including control by internal persons remains still unsolved for inadequately contained power; violation of operation principle of maximum profit and apparent short term behavior; warning function of various risk control instrument unable to take full play; backward establishment of organization or structure; unscientific performance assess causing enthusiasm of staff frustrated; being defects in fundamental work of human resources management and irrational intellectual arrangement; etc. All these defects must deserve to be much attention for reformation and consummation.


After calculation of the conditions of thermodynamics,the potential-pH diagram of Ni(Ti)-H2O system at 298K is drawn.Results show that the release of nickel ion is easier from NiTi shape memory alloys than that of titanium ion at pH7.4.Therefore,the corrosion behavior of NiTi shape memory alloys may present a selective corrosion of nickel in physiologic environment.It is necessary to modify the surface characterizations of NiTi shape memory alloys as to a biomaterial.


Researchers from The Threat Lab recently conducted a comprehensive policy and implementation status review of the Prevention, Assistance, and Response (PAR) capabilities as part of a larger project on DoD's violence prevention efforts. The February 2, 2017 Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum (hereinafter, PAR Memo) established the PAR capabilities, and served to close out DoD's 2010 Independent Review of the November 2009 shootings at Fort Hood, Texas. The PAR Memo defined the PAR capabilities as:


International economic forces increasingly affect policy at multiple levels and in multiple domains. The interplay of three levels — international, national, and local — are underresearched in the social and educational policy fields, which includes educational policy studies. In this article, Frances Vavrus employs ethnography to investigate how these interactions play out in a Chagga community in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. She examines how the lives of secondary students in Tanzanian schools are affected by structural adjustment policies, adopted by Tanzania at the advice of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in three domains: access to schooling, opportunities for employment, and the risk of HIV/AIDS infection. She makes a convincing case for the importance of understanding the local setting in the development of international and national policy, and for investigating the impact policy change in noneducational sectors has on educational realities. Vavrus's research also provi...


This paper presents an extension of the memoryless channel coding theorem to noisy functions, i.e. unreliable computing devices without internal states. It is shown that the concepts of equivocation and capacity can be defined for noisy computations in the simple case of memoryless noisy functions. Capacity is the upper bound of input rates allowing reliable computation, i.e. decodability of noisy outputs into expected outputs. The proposed concepts are generalizations of these known for channels: the capacity of a noisy implementation of a bijective function has the same expression as the capacity of a communication channel. A lemma similar to Feinstein's one is stated and demonstrated. A model of reliable computation of a function thanks to a noisy device is proposed. A coding theorem is stated and demonstrated.


Objective:To establish an identification and conten determination methods of Rukang Tincture.Method:Radix Cynanchi Paniculati and Resina Draconis were identified by TLC.The content of paeonol in Rukang tincture was determined by HPLC.Result:Radix Cynanchi Paniculati and Resina Draconis could be detected by TLC.Determine the content of paeonol by HPLC,paeonol showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.03-0.27 g·L-1(r = 0.999 9).The average recovery rate was 99.01% with RSD of 2.22%(n = 6).Conclusion:The established methods are simple,accurate,reliable and can be used for the quality control of Rukang tincture.


equivalent of' baiting', the sense of the word remains uncertain. The word bait is used in two senses, one that of worrying an animal and causing it to be bitten by dogs, etc., the other that of' causing a creature to bite for its own refreshment'. Incidentally I cannot trace any word bettato in Ducange. But Mr. Furley's view is not helped by Ducange's note on Fugare, which is: ' Fugare Averia. Animalia ad pasturam abigere. Chasser les bestiaux aux champs'. Monast. Anglic, torn, i, p. 777. 'Ac homines . . . habeant in perpetuum liberos et sufficientes introitus et exitus, ad se et ad omnimoda averia sua fuganda.' From which it appears that there is a derived meaning of fugare, to drive animals to pasture. Here we seem to work round again to Miss Bateson's Cambridge instance of bulls ' unless they are baited or fed with grass in a stall'. Mr. Taylor gives some interesting instances of a similar by-law in Neath (South Wales), and quotes two presentments, one for ' not baiting their bulls in the market place', and the other for ' exposing for sale the beef of a bull being not baited in the market place according to his Majestie's laws in that case made and provided '. I think that these quotations leave the question quite open, though I admit that they do rather support Mr. Furley's view. Anyway, a reviewer may be pardoned for reminding Mr. Furley of Dr. Johnson's dictum that ' the diversion of baiting an author has the sanction of all ages'; and if I have proved nothing, I have enjoyed that diversion !


AbstractIn this study, the authors examine one middle school's elimination of tracking in math, English, and reading classes. In general, the study bridges the gap between research that clarifies the deleterious effects of tracking and other research that provides strategies for handling heterogeneity. Previously, the process of getting "untracked" has been unexplored. Specifically, two qualitative procedures, interviewing and participant observation, provided answers to the following questions: 1. What allowed a school to initiate a shift to heterogeneous grouping?2. What attitudes or beliefs did administrators and teachers share?3. What steps characterized the implementation process?4. What challenges did school personnel face in switching to heterogeneous grouping?5. What were the perceptions of students regarding heterogeneous grouping? The findings underscore the importance of a shared decision-making model, the possibility for a successful transition to heterogeneous grouping, and the shared beliefs...


Recently, especially in the field of data science, the accelerated gradient method (AGM) has attracted attention as a solver for large-scale optimization problems. In this paper, the convergence performance of AGM is verified using a general benchmark problem. Furthermore, AGM is applied to equilibrium analysis of trusses consisting of nonlinear elastic materials. Since solving the stiffness equation is synonymous with minimizing the total potential energy, materially nonlinear analysis can be formulated as a total potential energy minimization problem. AGM is used for solving such problems and the effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed. In recent years, optimization methods are used for many computational design methods in the field of architecture and architectural engineering. Optimization methods are roughly classified into heuristic methods typified by genetic algorithms and mathematical programming methods. Although the latter is inferior in versatility, it has an advantage that the calculation is fast. Along with the development of computers, mathematical programming methods have been developed dramatically and are used in various fields as a solution to optimization problems. Among them, the gradient method, which is the most classical method, is a method devised at the dawn of mathematical programming method, has been used for many years in various fields because of ease of algorithm implementation. Since the convergence is slow, a simple gradient method is rarely used nowadays. However, since the acceleration scheme of gradient methods greatly improve the convergence speed of the above solution, it has attracted attention in recent years as an effective solution method for solving a large scale problem. In fact, in fields other than the architectural engineering, accelerated gradient methods (AGM) are extensively used, for example, in machine learning for big data. In this paper, the computational performance of AGM is verified using a general benchmark problem. Furthermore, AGM is applied to equilibrium analysis of trusses with nonlinear elastic materials. Since solving the stiffness equation is synonymous with minimizing the total potential energy, equilibrium analysis can be formulated as a total potential energy minimization problem. AGM is used for solving such a problem and the effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed. First of all, the minimization problem of Rosenbrock function is solved as a benchmark problem to verify the computational performance of AGM. A quasi-Newton method based on the BFGS formula (BFGS), a truncated Newton method (TNC), a conju-gate gradient method (CG) are compared with AGM. As a result of the verification of the benchmark problem, it was shown that AGM


Abnormal Sex-Ratio in the Population of Phyllonorycter sorbicola KUMATA (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Takeshi UJIYE3) (Morioka Branch, Fruit Tree Research Station, Morioka, Iwate 020-01, Japan). Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool. 25: 244-248 (1981) Phyllonorycter sorbicola is known as an apple pest in Shikoku, Japan. Overwintering pupae were collected from apple orchards in the following localities: Shodoshima (Kagawa Pref.), Takamatsu (Kagawa Pref.) and Kamiita (Tokushima Pref.). These three populations were reared on young apple trees in Morioka. By applying the mass mating method, it was found that the Takamatsu population produced 66 to 84% of females, and the percentage of females increased steadily in the subsequent generations, whereas both Shodoshima and Kamiita populations produced about 50% of females regardless of the generation. On the other hand, the use of the single female mating method enabled to demonstrate that out of the nine females of the Takamatsu population that mated with males of the same population, eight yielded normal progenies, but one produced 13 females with no male. Furthermore, when nine females from this unisexual brood were crossed to males of the Kamiita population in using the single female mating method, six females yielded unisexual progenies and three yielded normal progenies. In contrast, when females obtained from a bisexual brood were crossed to males of the same or different brood, they produced normal bisexual progenies. In these experiments, it was also indicated that the abnormal females oviposited nearly the same number of eggs as the normal ones.


PURPOSE
Cavernous hemangioma of the liver (CHL) is the most common benign solid tumor of the liver. In this study, we quantitative assessment the different degrees of CHL from microscopic viewpoint by using in-line phase-contrast imaging CT (ILPCI-CT).

METHODS
The experiments were performed at x-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline (BL13W1) of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) in China. Three typical specimens at different stages, i.e., mild, moderate and severe human CHL were imaged using ILPCI-CT at 16keV without contrast agents. The 3D visualization of different degrees of CHL samples were presented using ILPCI-CT. Additionally, quantitative evaluation of the CHL features, such as the range of hepatic sinusoid equivalent diameters in different degrees of CHL samples, the ratio of the hepatic sinusoid to the CHL tissue, were measured.

RESULTS
The planar image clearly displayed the dilated hepatic sinusoids in microns. There was no normal hepatic vascular found in the all CHL samples. Different stages of CHL samples were presented with vivid shapes and stereoscopic effects by using 3D visualization. The equivalent diameters of hepatic sinusoids in three degrees CHL were different. The equivalent diameters of the hepatic sinusoids in mild CHL, range from 60 to 120 µm. The equivalent diameters of the hepatic sinusoids in moderate CHL, range from 65 to 190 µm. The equivalent diameters of the hepatic sinusoids in severe CHL, range from 95 to 215 µm. The ratio of the hepatic sinusoid to the mild, moderate and severe CHL tissue were 3%, 16% and 21%, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The results show that the high degree of sensitivity of the ILPCI-CT technique and demonstrate the feasibility of accurate visualization of different stage human CHL. ILPCI-CT may offers a potential use in non-invasive study and analysis of CHL.


n the original Broadway cast recording of the Leonard Bernstein musical Wonderful Town, Rosalind Russell (as Eileen) is heard trying to make conversation on a date. She explains that she picked up a copy of Moby Dick the other night. When there's no response, she explains that it's worth re-reading. When there's still no response, she cries out plaintively, "It's about a whale." The panic that comes from trying to communicate when there's nothing in common is the panic that has beset criticism. For those of us who are now older, it's bewildering to sit through movies, plays, performances, ticking off the obvious influences and references, looking at the derivations, and then realizing that younger people think this is all new to them.


SiC-based Schottky diodes largely outperform Si pin diodes in terms of switching loss; however, they show a comparatively limited ruggedness to power stress conditions, such as current overloads in high-power switching-mode power supplies (SMPS). In fact, high-current short pulses significantly increase the device temperature, resulting into a large degradation of the carriers' mobility. As a consequence, the slope of the I–V characteristic tends to zero, leading to thermal runaway and device failure. Improved surge current capabilities are being pursued either at the electrical level, by exploiting, e.g., more advanced structures such as Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes [1], or at the thermal level, through innovative solutions to heat dissipation, exploiting advanced package technologies and materials. The successful development of such approaches requires the availability of reliable simulations, able to accurately describe the interplay between the device (described at a physical level, including heat diffusion), the driving electric circuit, and the package thermal impedance. In this paper we apply such coupled methodology to the analysis of 4H-SiC based Schottky and JBS diodes, with the aim to assess the impact of device design and of thermal dynamics on the device ruggedness to current overloads.


This paper describes an investigation of the structural and side-chain factors for the formation of vesicles and gels by hydrogen bonding-mediated aromatic hydrazide foldamers. Six foldamers; and one straight analog that bear discrete side chains have been synthesized. SEM and AFM studies reveal that the molecules with the appended 2-(2-(dialkyl-amino)-2-oxoethylamino)-2-oxoethoxyl chains form vesicles, hydrogels or organogels, depending on the solvents. Both the inner amide units and the terminal N,N-dialkylamide units in the chains are revealed to play essential roles in controlling the self-assembly. The former facilitates it by forming the intermolecular hydrogen bonding, while the latter modulates it by providing solubility and balancing the hydrophobicity of the whole molecules in solvents of varying polarity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


In passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems, the car unlocks or starts the car when the key is in the proximity of the car. In conventional PKES systems, the car determines the physical proximity of the key on the basis of the received signal strength or the round-trip time (RTT). However, the conventional schemes are vulnerable to relay attacks because the relay amplifies the signal and minimises the processing time. A solution to avoid the relay attacks in PKES systems is proposed, where the car verifies the proximity of the key on the basis of the correlation of the channel state information as well as the RTT.


Study design, materials and methods Sixty patients with stress incontinence were classified by cough stress test, Q-tip, and urodynamics into two groups: ISD (31 cases), and recurrent hyper-mobility SUI (29 cases). All patients underwent the Remeex procedure. The patients were evaluated with cough test, standardized pad-test and urodynamic evaluation before and after the surgery. The quality of life was evaluated by means of the Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) that was administered at baseline and a minimum of 36 months after the Remeex implantation.


The present invention relates to a Coriolis mass flow meter for determining the concentration for which the unit (210) calculating the concentration in the concentration function storage. As a result, the user can obtain the application density value determined according to a given temperature and medium density.


As Canada emerges from the recent economic downturn, both established and emerging industrial clusters face the challenges of meeting rapidly changing demand and cost conditions and increasing national and international competition and financing an accelerating pace of innovation. Clusters in a Cold Climate examines how eight industry clusters across Canada influence the innovative dynamics of their constituent firms by helping them access resources and markets, manage economic uncertainty, and adapt to market changes. Contributors underline a number of key themes: the contribution of both local and global sources of knowledge to innovation within the clusters, the powerful role of external markets in stimulating innovative behaviour, the interaction between key elements of the research infrastructure and innovative firms, and the complex but essential role that various aspects of public policy play in influencing cluster dynamics. The contributors to the volume are members of the Innovation Systems Research Network (ISRN), a national research network funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. They include John N. H. Britton (University of Toronto), Catherine Chevrier (Universite du Quebec a Montreal), Nicola Crowden (Centre for Policy Research on Science and Technology), Susan Fitzgibbon (Queen's University), Haeli Goertzen (researcher), Adam Holbrook (Simon Fraser University), John Holmes (Queen's University), Melanie Keroack, Pradeep Kumar (Queen's University), Rejean Landry (Laval University), Gerry Legara (Brock University), Matthew Lucas (University of Toronto), Jane McCarthy (Simon Frazer University), Carolan McLarney (Dalhousie University), Lynn K.Mytelka (Carleton University), Mathieu Ouimet (Laval University), Michelle Petrusevich (Center for Policy Research on Science and Technology), Shawna Reibling (Centre for Sustainable Communities Canada), Philip Rosson (Dalhousie University), Serge Rousseau (Universite du Quebec a Montreal), Tod Rutherford (Syracuse University), Monica Salazar (Simon Fraser University), Richard Smith (Simon Fraser University), Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay (Universite du Quebec), Katie Warfield (Simon Fraser University), Naomi Weiner (Simon Fraser University), and David A. Wolfe (University of Toronto).


Today, we can see food industry is one of the biggest economies activities. In our country, there are many bakery sells a cake, bread, pastry and other alternative of foods for people who cannot spend many times to eat because they have to complete their works. Our government has made policies and takes an action to being successful in any food activity. Thus make our company to take these advantages to build up this type of business.


We consider the construction of adaptive controllers for a class of nonlinear systems which achieve non-zero robustness margins in the sense of the L/sup /spl infin//[0, /spl infin/) gap metric. The gap perturbations may be more constrained for larger disturbances and for larger parametric uncertainties. The class of plants considered has nonlinearities within the span of the control and the nonlinearities have known polynomial growth.


With high water quick setting filling material as the comment, rock or waste rock as the aggregate, through the laboratory experiments and insitu filling experiments. The advantage of need not to dewater, early strengthening quick setting of the high water quick setting material have been used. Filling operation cycling has been quickened. Exposure time of the gob has been shortened. Stability of surrounding rocks of the shaft nearby the protecting pillar mining field has been improved. Combination Zhaojin company third mining area 3rd wells special mining condition high water, quick setting, waste rock pouring filling method has been used. Created a good condition for the safe recovery of the protecting pillar.


The President's proposed budget for FY2006 would establish Lifetime Savings Accounts (LSAs) that could be used for any type of saving, and from which withdrawals could be made at any time, and Retirement Savings Accounts (RSAs) that could be used for retirement saving. In addition, beginning in 2006, several kinds of employersponsored retirement plans would be consolidated into Employer Retirement Savings Accounts (ERSAs). Qualification rules in the tax code would be simplified, while other rules governing ERSAs would conform substantially to those that apply to §401(k) plans. This report will be updated as further legislative developments occur.


The invention provides an environment-friendly osmotic sealing bottom coating for concrete. The bottom coating adopts a double-component reactive bottom coating material, wherein a component A and a component B are mixed in a ratio of 1:0.5-2; in portion by weight, the component A comprises 200 to 500 portions of epoxy resin emulsion or 80 to 120 portions of epoxy resin, 0.001 to 3 portions of antifoaming agent, and 0 to 10 portions of functional assistant; and the component B comprises 100 to 200 portions of epoxy curing agent emulsion, 0 to 20 portions of accelerating agent, 1 to 200 portions of toughening agent, 0.001 to 3 portions of antifoaming agent, 0 to 10 portions of functional assistant, and 0 to 200 portions of inorganic filler. The bottom coating has the advantages that: 1) the bottom coating has the characteristics of coating permeability, closure property and high adhesive strength with a body material, forms a continuous coating after being coated, blocks capillary pores of a base layer and prevents moisture from escaping; 2) the construction is simple and convenient, the efficiency is high, and the coating curing time is short; and 3) the coating is environment-friendly, and safe and reliable in storage and construction.


Abstract Effect of the tethering groups of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid on the liquid chromatographic resolution of β‐amino acids was investigated by resolving various β‐amino acids on two CSPs having different tethering groups. In the resolution of β‐amino acids with the mobile phase of 50% methanol in water, containing 10 mM acetic acid or 10 mM sulfuric acid, it was found that acetic acid is more effective as an acidic modifier than sulfuric acid on the CSP, which has an N‒H amide tethering group, while sulfuric acid is more effective than acetic acid on the CSP which has an N‒CH3 amide tethering group. In addition, the elution orders for the resolution of 3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropionic acid on the two CSPs were opposite to each other. From these chromatographic resolution results, it was concluded that the tethering groups of the CSPs based on (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid play some important role in the chiral recognition of β‐amino acids, even though the exact role of the tethering groups is not clear at the present time. However, the chromatographic trends for the resolution of selected β‐amino acids with the variation of the content of organic and acidic modifiers in aqueous mobile phase and the column temperature were generally consistent on the two CSPs.


Eye-catching self-employed female Akha souvenir vendors have become part of the informal sector in Thailand that is linked to the global tourism economy. Data from nine months' qualitative research are analysed in the framework of "mixed embeddedness" to explore the opportunities and risks with which ethnic minority street vendors in Bangkok are confronted. The role of social capital merits analysis, and Akha vendors' practices of economic action require examination. Comprehensive assessment of ethnic minority entrepreneurs with respect to their everyday economic activities and prospects must systematically integrate individual and collective action into socio-economic and politico-institutional contexts.


The invention includes a portable device and a vehicle tracking and locating method continues to a moving object in a constrained environment. This device comprises: - means (10) for determining the vector travel speed of the object by measuring airspeed suitable for performing measurements relative wind generated by the motion of the object and outputting a corresponding signal (11), - means (12) for processing this signal adapted to calculate the velocity vector of the object and the position thereof, and - a unit (13) for displaying this position.


An apparatus and a method for forming a film are provided to allow the thickness of a prepared film to be uniform by uniformly spraying gas through a plurality of spray valves disposed at various positions. An apparatus for forming a film comprises a film forming chamber(2) having a substrate(W) therein, a plurality of spray valves(301,302,303) and a controller. The spray valves are installed at the film forming chamber at various positions and directly spray the same liquid material into the film forming chamber. The spray valves are symmetrically installed with respect to the center axis of the substrate. The spray valves are installed at the same interval. The controller periodically open and close the spray valves and intermittently supplies the film forming chamber with the liquid material.


Summary This paper presents a method of estimating the number of births averted due to induced abortions by utilising the data on prospective birth intervals of the women. Numerical illustrations are given.


In this era of Globalization, English Language is important for our lives. In fact, it is the second most spoken language in the world. Globalization made the use of English language more widen. The ability to speak and to write English property has been one essential benchmark skills in the professional world. The teacher can use some methods in teaching and learning process to help the students' understanding. In this research, the researcher used role play technique and drilling vocabulary to enhance speaking skill. This research problems were; (1) Is there any influence of role play technique to the students' speaking ability at SMA MUHAMMADIYAH TANJUNG REDEB?, (2) Is there any influence of drilling vocabulary to students' speaking ability at SMA MUHAMMADIYAH TANJUNG REDEB?, (3)  Is there any influence of role play technique and drilling vocabulary to the students' speaking ability at SMA MUHMAMMADIYAH TANJUNG REDEB?.  The method of this research is partial correlation method, The statistic value performed in level good correlation among Role play technique and drilling vocabulary to the students' speaking ability during conducted for twelve at  SMA Muhammadiyah Tanjung Redeb.


Opinion mining is used to improve the decision making of new user in various domains such as product, movie, news media, social networking shares etc. Feature based opinion mining rely only on single domain corpus in most of the existing methodology. Feature based opinion mining in two different domain corpuses is complex. The features and Opinion words are extracted with the help of the Part-of-Speech (PoS) tagging tool. The Inter dependent domain relevance (IDDR) technique use removal of redundant features and pruning of irrelevant features from two different domains with the help of the IDDR score and threshold value. Normally data mining and machine learning use training and test data from same domain and have same feature. But the above concept is not hold in all domains due to the lack of labeled dataset. Here the proposed transfer learning method using Exaggerate Instance weighted K nearest neighbor (EIWKNN) algorithm to transfer the knowledge from camera domain to iPod domain for Opinion classification. The summary of two different domains feature with respect to their opinion is generated.


The orders of priority about the intelligent crime prevention technologies & system based on spatial information(e.g. Positioning System, CCTV Technology, Integrated Management System) are constructed for integrated management in Testbed(Crime-Zero Zone) of Smart City. And the priority of crime prevention technologies related with spatial information is deduced using relative importance by professional masters in local government & research institute & private company. This study has meanings that deduced the relative importance by AHP about the intelligent crime prevention technology & system, to apply to Testbed by surveying to local government employee in CCTV control center & professor/researcher in research institute & specialty development company worker at positioning system, and CCTV technology. This study is performed pre-research for constructing the Crime-Zero Zone(T/B). Henceforward, when Crime-Zero Zone is constructed, this study is used a useful research material for technology application and detail scenario establishment.


Insulin-dependent Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic disorder in children and young adults. The genetics, etiology and pathogenesis is complicated by the apparent presence of several genetic region; that contribute to susceptibility. The genetic dissection of Type 1 autoimmune diabetes in the inbred BioBreeding (BB) rat which closely resembles the human disorder was shown to involve two genes: iddm1, which mapped to the lymphopenia (lyp) region on chromosome 4 and iddm2, which mapped to RT1u in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 20. A cross-intercross analysis between BB rats and Fischer rats revealed a third factor, iddm3, which confers diabetes resistance. We now report the successful mapping of iddm3 by crossing non-diabetic lyp/lyp-u/u (BBxFischer) F2 rats (3/486 or 0.6% developed diabetes) with lyp/lyp-u/u diabetic BB rats. 40/89 (45%) of these F2 back-cross rats did not develop diabetes. A complete genome scan showed that the Fischer resistance factor (iddm3) was linked to a 4 cM region on chromosome 2 flanked by D2Mit15 and D2Mgh29 (lod score 7.68). Using these markers in a second (BBxFischer) F2 cross (n=279), homozygosity of the BB allele (n=40) for iddm3 was associated with a greater weight reduction after fasting than the homozygosity of the Fischer allele (n=52) (p< 0.008). In conclusion, the development of Type 1 diabetes in the BB rat is controlled by three genes: lymphopenia, MHC and a third factor, iddm3 that may be related to metabolism and body weight regulation. (Less)


A Point Focusing Distributed Receiver (PFDR) solar thermal electric system which employs small Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) engines is examined with reference to its projected technical/economic performance. With mass-produced power modules (about 100,000 per year), the projected life-cycle energy cost for an optimized no-storage system is estimated at 67 mills/kWh (Levelized Busbar Energy Cost) without the need for advanced development of any of its components. At moderate production rates (about 50 MWe/yr) system energy costs are competitive with conventional power generation systems in special remote-site types of applications.