The present paper attempts to analyze the highly marked directive speech acts in Arthur Miller's two famous plays i.e. All My Sons and Death of a Salesman. Directive speech acts are the hearer center; they intend to create a desirable effect on the hearer and attempt to get the hearer to do something with the words. In other words, these speech acts have the intentions or purposes of some sort of actions to be performed by the hearer. This class includes requesting, questioning, ordering, commanding, suggesting, urging, etc. This group frequently belongs to the competitive category of Geoffrey Leech and comprises a category of illocutionary force in which illocutionary goal competes with the social goal and creates negative politeness on the hearer.


The effect of eserine (physostigmine) sulfate on frog and rabbit nerve has been studied. Concentrations ranging from 0.005–0.08 m caused: a) a reversible block of conduction in from 50–120 minutes ...


The gravitational field exterior respectively interior to an axially symmetric, metrically stationary, isolated spinning source made of perfect fluid is examined within the quasi-metric framework. (A metrically stationary system is defined as a system which is stationary except for the direct effects of the global cosmic expansion on the space-time geometry.) Field equations are set up and an attempt is made to find an approximate series solution for the exterior part. However, the result is that no stationary solution corresponding to a spinning source can exist when considering terms beyond a certain order in small quantities. That is, except for metrically static systems, axially symmetric systems must necessarily be non-stationary in quasi-metric gravity. However, sufficiently weak, axially symmetric gravitational fields associated with slowly rotating sources, may still be considered as stationary as an excellent approximation. Thus a truncated, approximately stationary solution is found for the exterior field. To lowest order in small quantities, the gravito-magnetic part of the found metric family corresponds with the Kerr metric in the metric approximation. On the other hand, the gravito-electric part of the found metric family also includes a tidal term characterized by the free quadrupole-moment parameter $J_2$ describing the effect of source deformation due to the rotation. This term has no counterpart in the Kerr metric. Finally, the geodetic effect for a gyroscope in orbit is calculated. There is a correction term, unfortunately barely too small to be detectable by Gravity Probe B, to the standard expression.


Online communities are increasingly important to organizations and the general public, but there is little theoretically based research on what makes some online communities more successful than ot...


The success of plant extracts in ceasing and inhibiting Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) growth was investigated. This can provide an innovative strategy to control the progression of plaque associated diseases (periodontal diseases and dental caries) by using natural sources . Aim of work : To screen some herbal plant extracts for their inhibitory activity on Streptococcus mutans bacterial growth, its biofilm formation ability and measuring their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Methodology: This experimental study tested the antibacterial activity of fourteen prepared plant extracts against streptococcus mutans , including their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inhibiting its biofilm formation using disc diffusion method with some modifications and ELISA assay plate reader respectively. Cytotoxicity assay was used for calculating the proper extract dose concentration that does not have a toxic effect on human fibroblast cells. Results: The results showed the ability of 71.4 % of the tested extracts to cease the bacterial growth. The pattern of effectiveness can be ordered as follows: clove = pomegranate peel˃ sage˃ anise ˃ cardamom = thyme = myrrh ˃ ginger ˃ mint = turmeric. The recorded MIC for pomegranate peel, clove and sage was 1, 1 and 0.5 % respectively. The clove extract was able to inhibit the biofilm formation compared with pomegranate peel and sage which didn't. The clove extract showed 78.7 % percentage of biofilim inhibition compared with positive control ( S. mutans with no additions).


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibition effect of Acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP) on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats and its mechanism. METHODS: 18 male rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (normal saline), model group (normal saline) and treatment group (400 ?g·kg-1 AcSDKP). Those rats were given hypodermic injection twice a day for 1 day to establish UUO models. Rats were sacrificed 14 days later. Histological change of renal tissue was observed. The protein expression and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in renal tissues were detected. RESULTS: Compared with sham-operated group, model group and treatment group exhibited severe renal interstitial fibrosis and the level of TGF-β1 and its mRNA expression were enhanced (P0.05), while the protein and mRNA expression of VEGF were attenuated (P0.05). Compared with model group, tubular degeneration and renal interstitial fibrosis were improved (P0.05) and the level of TGF-β1 and its mRNA expression were attenuated (P0.05); the protein expression and mRNA expression of VEGF were enhanced significantly (P0.05) in treatment group. CONCLUSION: AcSDKP might attenuate the expression of TGF-β1 and enhance the expression of VEGF to inhibit renal interstitial fibrosis.


1. Introduction [Jane L. Stevens Crawshaw] Part I: Health 2. Marginal Bodies and Minds: Responses to Leprosy and Mental Disorders in Late Medieval Normandy [Elma Brenner] 3. "Not So Deformed in Body as Debauched in Behaviour": Disability and "Marginality" in Late Seventeenth- and Early Eighteenth-Century England [David M. Turner] Part II: The Law 4. Medieval Singlewomen in Law and Practice [Sara M. Butler] 5. Aliens, Native Englishmen and Migration: William Herbert's Considerations in the Behalf of Foreiners (1662) [Andrew Spicer] Part III: Work 6. Down But Not Out: A Case Study in Early Modern Social Mobility from the Margins [Joel F. Harrington] 7. The Place of African Slaves in Early Modern Spain [Carmen Fracchia] 8. The Margins in the Centre: Working Around Rialto in Sixteenth-Century Venice [Rosa M. Salzberg] Part IV: Morality and the Home 9. Cleaning up the Renaissance City: The Symbolic and Physical Place of the Genoese Brothel in Urban Society [Jane L. Stevens Crawshaw] 10. Child Victims of Rape and Sexual Assault: Compromised Chastity, Marginalized Lives? [Sarah Toulalan] 11. Afterword: Constructing Marginality in the Early Modern European City [Fabrizio Nevola]


The analytical passive time reversal method (APTRM) is a powerful technique for sound source localization. In that technique, it generally requires that the frequency response function relating the measurement point to the focusing point should be known in advance. However, inside an enclosure of arbitrary shape, there is no theoretical formulation of this frequency response function, and using the APTRM with the free-field Green's function might lead to inaccurate localization of sound sources. This paper proposes a method combining the APTRM with the equivalent source method (ESM) to locate sound sources in an enclosure of arbitrary shape. In this method, the frequency response function relating the measurement point to the focusing point inside the enclosure is first calculated numerically using the ESM, and then the APTRM with this numerical frequency response function is used to realize the localization of sound sources. Numerical simulations in a rectangular enclosure and an enclosure of arbitrary shape as well as an experiment in a rectangular wooden cabinet are performed to verify the validity of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the frequency response function in an enclosure can be accurately calculated using the ESM; based on measurements with a spherical array composed of 48 microphones, the proposed method can effectively locate the sound sources in enclosures of different shapes and work stably under the situation of low signal-to-noise ratio.


The frame synchronization and timing recovery algorithms for the multi-carrier (MC) code-division multiple access (CDMA) system are proposed. For the frame synchronization, a simple subtraction method operating under carrier offset is considered. The subtraction method operates well if the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is greater than 5 dB. The proposed timing recovery algorithm utilizes the phase offset between the received and the transmitted reference pilot signals. It operates correctly even under a carrier frequency offset of up to /spl plusmn/0.3 Hz, where we considered the carrier frequency distance between two consecutive sub-carriers is 1 Hz, with an SNR of 5 dB.


Saliva has the potential to be used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for various diseases if biomarkers of an adequate sensitivity and specificity could be identified. Several reviews and even meta-analyses have been performed in recent years, which have found some candidate biomarkers for periodontitis, like macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, or hemoglobin. However, none of those are currently in use to replace conventional periodontal diagnostics with a periodontal probe. For periimplantitis, to date, heterogeneity of different study protocols and implant types did not permit to discover clear biomarkers, which were able to distinguish between healthy and diseased implants. Few proinflammatory cytokines, similar to periodontitis, have been characterized as adjunct tools to clinical diagnosis. The additional determination of antimicrobial peptides, bone turnover markers, and bacteria could help to enhance sensitivity and specificity in a combined model for periodontitis and periimplantitis. Furthermore, proteomic approaches might be preferred over single biomarker determinations. A global consensus is also needed to harmonize salivary sampling methods as well as procedures of biomarker analysis to ensure future comparability.


Objective To study the safety and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair for inguinal hernia,and to provide guidance for the clinical treatment of inguinal hernia. Methods Two hundred and fifty-five patients with inguinal hernia were randomized into observation group( n = 130) and control group( n = 125). The observation group underwent free stapling laparoscopic repair,while the control group underwent stapling laparoscopic repair. Operation and postoperative complications of two groups were compared. Results The operation time,the average hospitalization time and the average surgery expenses in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group with statistical difference( P 0. 05). Intraoperative blood loss was not statistically different between the two groups( P 0. 05). There were not statistically different between the two groups in such indexes as the rate of recurrence,chronic pain,paresthesia,scrotal hematoma,seroma,surgical site infection,hydrocele,bleeding,and urinary tract infection( P 0.05). Conclusions Free stapling laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair,compared with stapling laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair,has advantages of shorter operation and hospitalization time and lower expenses,which does not increase postoperative complications and amount of bleeding.


The book is intended to provide a basic understanding of the theory of the method and also to serve as a user's guide. Research experience at the University of Dundee has been drawn on. The analysis of a simply supported beam is presented, followed by the conventional finite-strip procedure for plates and box girders. The two higher-order finite-strip procedures are described. The relevant stiffness and force matrices for conventional and higher-order finite strips are presented in explicit form. A flexibility approach is developed, with which it is possible to simulate the detailed features of intermediate supports and stiffening members. Finite strip analysis is applied to bridges of circular and skew planform and fixed-end bridges. A section is devoted to the analysis of plate and box structures other than bridges. The effects of cracking in multibeam concrete decks and in reinforced concrete multicellular bridges cast in situ on the load distribution behaviour of the corresponding bridge types are investigated and recommendations are given for effective finite strip simulation of these bridge types. The flexibility approach for indeterminate structures is applied to multispan concrete box bridges. Effective ways of simulating constructional features of intermediate supports and stiffening diaphragms are suggested. Examples are given. Application of finite strip procedure to steel box girder bridges is explained. A two-step approximate scheme is proposed for the analysis of cable-stayed bridges. Details of two finite-strip programs (FISBOB2 and FISAN1) for box girder bridges are summarised. /TRRL/


AbstractOperating a radiological safety program under a broad-scope license at a major research university introduces many elements not encountered by general or industrial licenses. This article outlines elements of the radiological safety program in place at Texas A&M University.


This is a concept paper looking into how Google's worldwide augmented reality game called Ingress could be used to inform the development of learning from games. Ingress is Google's attempt in creating a game based on augmented reality of actual physical locations where a story line is set to guide two different factions of agents to move around geographical locations with mobile devices to capture strategic places called portals which are based on actual artefacts. This paper describes how Ingress, through the use of mobile devices and augmented reality, incorporated within its gameplay the elements of MOOC, badges, crowd learning, seamless and geo-learning, and learning from gaming which are considered as new and emerging forms of pedagogies identified in Open University's 2013 report on innovating pedagogy. Initial findings of an online survey on the motivation to play and continue playing the game will be presented. This paper will end with a discussion on the potential of using the Ingress model with its integrated forms of pedagogies, and the limitations and issues that might arise. The conclusion is that although the process to enhance learning experience through gamification is not without difficulties, there exists a vast potential of benefits which justifies continuous research and exploration in this area.


The revolution in the Nigeria Financial Industry of recent is note worthy with the N25billion capital base for banks and new capital base for insurance and assurance companies.This paper therefore examines salient issues in respect of the new minimum capital base for Banks, Insurance companies, Community Banks and Capital Markets operators, in the light of Nigeria economy, and the impact it would have on other industries in the economy. The paper conclude that the new capital base is a good development which enable the country and the operators in the finance industry to adapt to global trend and enhance their competitive advantage among their peers internationally thereby reducing capital flight.


The use of iron in architecture - thus in the built environment - has been in both the 19th and the 20th century the subject of discussions by architects, engineers, art historians, philosophers and writers. Through analysis of a series of texts written by architects and engineers - the Belgian engineer Arthur Vierendeel in particular - this paper tries to point out they were concerned with the way future architecture should look like and which aesthetic possibilities iron could assign to it.


Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) represent the vast majority of businesses in most countries around the world. Despite the economic relevance of small businesses, most insolvency jurisdictions do not provide adequate responses to MSMEs in insolvency. This article analyses the primary features and problems of MSMEs in insolvency as well as the weaknesses of the ordinary insolvency framework to deal with MSMEs. It also provides a general overview of the insolvency reforms for MSMEs suggested or implemented in various countries around the world, including Australia, Colombia, Myanmar, Singapore and the United States, as well as the policy recommendations suggested by the World Bank and UNCITRAL. The article concludes by proposing an insolvency framework to efficiently deal with MSMEs in insolvency.


We describe the two-electron reduction of N , N' -dimethyl-2,7-diazapyrenium dications ( MDAP 2+ ), which afforded the corresponding reduced form ( MDAP 0 ) as a highly electron-rich 16π antiaromatic system. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of MDAP 0 revealed a distorted quinoidal structure with high bond-length alternation. The 1 H NMR spectrum of MDAP 0 exhibited a diagnostic proton signal (4.6 ppm) that is distinctly upfield shifted compared to that of aromatic diazapyrene (8.3 ppm). Theoretical calculations supported the existence of a paratropic ring current. These results indicate that MDAP 0 exhibits antiaromatic character derived from its peripheral 16π-electron conjugation.


Most problems in accounting reduce to one of choosing among two or more information systems which could be provided to a decision maker (user) (American Accounting Association [1972b, p. 317]). In recent years, researchers have developed a normative theory for the evaluation of information system alternatives (Feltham and Demski [1970]; Demski [1972]; Feltham [1973]; Demski and Feltham [1976]). The normative theory has provided important insights into the nature of the accountant's choice problem; however, little is known about the accountant's ability to apply the theory correctly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of the accountant to apply the normative theory of information evaluation correctly in choosing among information system alternatives. An important feature of the normative theory of information evaluation is its explicit recognition that the accountant must often make information decisions concerning what information system to provide another decision maker who will make an action decision. With this separation of the accountant and the decision maker, the decisionmaking behavior of the user should become an important consideration in the accountant's application of the normative theory of information evaluation. Therefore, this study focuses upon the accountant's ability to apply correctly the normative theory of information evaluation with different models of user decision-making behavior. Specifically, this research investigates the ability of the accountant (1) to learn the optimal information system for a decision maker and (2)


This study examines the relationship between parental support, parental monitoring, and time spent with parents and academic achievement among adolescent girls and boys in Iceland, a high‐income per‐capita Nordic country. The indirect role of school effort is also examined. Data of 7430 9th and 10th graders is analyzed in the study. Structural equation models show that parental factors are all associated with academic achievement among both boys and girls. However, for both genders, these associations are mostly indirect, through school effort. The relationship between the parental factors and academic achievement is similar in strength for boys and girls. Boys however receive less parental support and are less monitored than girls. Study implications are discussed.


In the context of environmental and socio-economic crises there is also an ethical crisis in brand marketing. This conceptual paper outlines the emergence of integrity as a new and yet fundamental attribute to the mainstream marketing proposition. The paper illustrates the impact of consumer expectations on brands in China and Europe and explores the language of integrity in marketing. A method of building integrity by businesses and brands is described which integrates steps towards third party verification of practice with brand strategy. The ultimate challenge of integrity in marketing is to the character of the marketer and of those who are responsible for the management of brands. It is suggested that such a challenge is reflective, virtue-orientated and truthful.


Dear Supreme Court:You may be wondering why I'm writing. Let me tell you.I was asked to participate in a symposium about Erwin Chemerinsky's The Case Against the Supreme Court. I'm sure you know Chemerinsky. His book is a stinging condemnation of much that you do. And his goal-in which he does not nearly succeed-is to show your work to be unacceptable to the left and the right alike. He fancies that he is offering a non-partisan, non-ideological, non-denominational challenge to your hegemony.I started to write my piece, and realized early on that I was talking to the wrong crowd. I was producing standard fare for a law journal audience.What occurred to me was that you needed to hear this; that I had to take a different approach and see if I could break through your Olympian facade.Here's why. Although I think Chemerinsky is off base, that doesn't mean he is wrong. By which I mean to say there is some trouble at One First. He sees the pieces of the problem, but doesn't put the puzzle together in quite the way I would.As you know, I've spent probably too many years paying attention to how the public regards you.1 Although you're pretty much as solid as Mount Rushmore, this is in fact an odd time, one that does find you under attack from both the left and the right. That alone is exceedingly rare in American history, but it is much more than that. Your legitimacy is steadily being undermined by a series of attacks not just on your decisions-that is to be expected-but on your ethics, your refusal to do business in anything approaching an acknowledgement of the twenty-first century, your appearing to be so quite full of yourself at a time when that sort of attitude does not sit well with the public. The icing on the cake, though, is what people see as a certain hypocrisy: they observe the globe-trotting, speech-giving, public persona of many of you and can't help but notice how that sits uneasily at best with your claims of a need to remain aloof from us all.In the end, no doubt, what matters to people are the results in decisions you render. And they tend at times to overvalue their losses and undervalue their wins. For that reason alone, it is no wonder you are making many across the ideological spectrum unhappy. But that, combined with the other phenomena I describe here, has led to your serious slide in the polls. All this may not affect you-but it might. Which is why although Chemerinsky is wrong on many accounts, you nonetheless should listen to at least some of what he has to say, and care about it.I'm about to drop into the weeds a bit, so I should be clear about my line of argument. I'm going to take a little time explaining Chemerinsky's argument, and why you can dismiss a lot of it for what it is: a typical challenge to your work motivated by a left-leaning agenda. But then I'm going to make the point that what's unique in our time is a strangely similar attack coming from the right. As I say, it is quite rare for both extremes of the ideological spectrum to be unhappy simultaneously.What I very much want to nip in the bud though is any selfcongratulatory sense you might have that cross-ideological unhappiness is simply a happy incident of your neutrality. To the contrary, poll numbers and public commentary suggest people are seeing you as ideological and result-oriented rather than reasoned lawgivers.From there I want to turn from your decisions on the merits to your way of doing business, because here there is a resounding cry for change. To which you have been largely unresponsive. And that is precisely the problem. You won't get taken down a notch for how you do business; you may, however, pay a price for seeming close-minded and indifferent to suggestions people are making in all seriousness. You are, after all-like everyone in government-servants of the people. You at least need to listen thoughtfully to what they have to say. Instead, you appear not to care in the least, then exacerbate the situation with a set of public activities that really do at times seem deeply inconsistent with the institutional role that you play. …


Introduction: The fourth industrial revolution contributes to the intensive introduction of virtual reality technology into production. Virtual environments facilitate the acquisition of knowledge, facilitate the learning of concepts, and aim at mastering various know-how and building skills. The goal: To determine the effective methods of ergonomic evaluation and improvement the usability of binocular and monocular experimental samples of the augmented reality subsystem. Research methods: The research was carried out in 10 volunteer using psychological and sociological questionnaires; stabilometry, registration of visual evoked potentials, electrodermal activity, variation cardiointervalometry, complex visual-motor reaction, refractometry; determination of visual acuity, tear meniscus level, tear film breaking time; Schirmer test, binocular vision assessment, optical coherence tomography. Results: The best results were obtained using questionnaires and ophthalmic examination (tear film rupture time and tear fluid production). No adverse effects of experimental sample on the human central nervous system and postural stability were detected in this volunteer's group. Conclusion: Subjective questionnaires and ophthalmological examination should be used for ergonomic assessment of augmented reality helmets.


This paper will study one of the unique population movements in modern history: the circular movement of students and trainees between China and the Soviet Union from 1950 to 1966. This population movement includes more than 38,000 Chinese who were trained by the leading Soviet Union industrial enterprises, research centers and institutions of higher learning. These returned students and trainees from the Soviet Union captured a considerable number of prominent positions in the Chinese leadership from the 1980s to the 1990s. The explanation of their political impact relies on the domestic country's politics and international context.


Phase‐change materials are of great interest in solving mismatch between energy supply and demand. However, the vulnerability of solid–liquid phase‐change materials to leakage during the phase‐change process limits their development and application in practice. Herein, the enhancement of the shape stability of phase‐change materials is achieved through an organic–inorganic composite. The mixture of phenolic resin and polyethylene glycol forms a homogeneous solution based on their excellent mutual solubility and is able to be adsorbed into the pores of the expanded graphite by means of a vacuum‐impregnation strategy. The 3D cross‐linked network structure of phenolic resin is formed within the pores of expanded graphite, enabling in situ encapsulation of polyethylene glycol. It is worth noting that the curing reaction of phenolic resin is able to be initiated by heating up without the addition of any curing agent and other auxiliary materials. A thermal conductivity enhancement of 20 times than that of polyethylene glycol is achieved along with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 63.72% and with a latent heat of 134.94 J g−1 without leakage.


Summary Lard was given orally to rats 6 days and 6 weeks after alloxan administration and to insulin-treated alloxanized rats 6 days and 6 weeks after insulin withdrawal. Two hr after the fat feeding serum FFA and blood ketone concentrations were determined. The blood ketone concentrations were higher but serum FFA levels were lower in the acutely than in the chronically insulin deficient rats. The results indicate that in alloxan diabetic rats the degree of ketonemia is not proportional to the level of serum FFA but seems partly to depend on the duration of insulin deprivation.


This paper describes a broad-band amplifier with very low noise for the 26-36 GHz frequency range. The amplifier consists of a previously designed monolithic (MMIC) amplifier using a 100nm mHEMT process and a high performance discrete transistor placed in front of it, so that the overall noise is reduced while the gain is increased if compared with the MMIC. The transistor was manufactured using a 50 nm mHEMT process. At room temperature the average gain is 35.2 dB and a noise figure of 1.76 dB. When cooled to 16K, the average noise temperature is 19.1K with an associated gain of 39.4 dB and a DC power consumption of only 15.7 mW.


This type of research is development research that aims to determine the characteristics, feasibility, and effectiveness of the guided inquiry-based respiratory system E- module to improve students' critical thinking ability. The development model used is research and development (RND), which refers to the Borg and Gall development model that has been modified and adapted to conditions in the field, consisting of nine stages: 1) Research and informing collecting, 2). Planning, 3) developing a preliminary form of product, 4) preliminary feed testing, 5) main product revision, 6) main field testing, 7) operational product revision, 8) operational field testing, 9) e-module final product. The data analysis technique used is the descriptive analysis which is used to describe the characteristics of the e-module to be developed, and the feasibility analysis of the e-module based on the N-gain score obtained. The results of the N-gain test score in the control class, which is 0.65, are included in the medium category, while for the experimental class the average N-gain score of 0.78 is included in the high category. Based on these results, E-modules based on guided inquiry are very feasible to be used in learning and have proven effective in improving students' critical thinking ability.


Rooted Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bailey 'Yours Truly' and 'Irene' geranium cuttings were planted 15 Oct. in raised beds, 11.3 liter plastic pots, 85 liter poly bags, or nutrient film systems within 2 double poly greenhouses. In one greenhouse, high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps supplemented natural light (86 µmol s-1m-2 ± 10 µmol s-1m-2) from 0800 to 2400 hr and in the other greenhouse light was not supplemented. Ambient carbon dioxide levels were enriched with an additional 300–600 ppm of carbon dioxide during daylight hours in the greenhouse without supplemental lighting and during lighted hours in the greenhouse equipped with HPS lights. Cutting number, dry weight, basal stem caliper, and the length of roots produced on harvested cuttings were recorded from 18 Nov. to 3 Jan. There were no differences among cultural systems for any of the parameters measured under natural daylight conditions. When supplementary HPS lighting was utilized, differences in number of cuttings produced and cutting dry weight were apparent, with NFT grown stock plants being the most productive. Growth differences between cultivars were evident for all parameters measured. Treatment of the stock plants was not observed to affect rooting response of cuttings.


The behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of the ability to shift attention was investigated in 9‐ to 12‐year‐old children, 22 L‐dyslexic, 21 P‐dys‐lexic, and 25 normal readers. L‐dyslexia presumably is associated with premature generation of left‐hemispheric reading strategies and P‐dyslexia is associated with the perseverant generation of right‐hemispheric strategies. Subjects were presented a task developed by Posner et al. that requires the covert shift of attention to a spatial location and a response to an imperative stimulus that appears in the cued or uncued visual field. In agreement with previous findings, valid information (coincidence of cue and stimulus) elicited faster reaction times and fewer errors than invalid information (non‐coincidence of cue and stimulus). Contrary to predictions neutral cues elicited the slowest and most accurate responses. No effect of group was found. Cue‐ and stimulus‐related event‐related potentials (ERPs) generally were pronounced over the right posteri...


Pneumatic retinopexy is a useful technique in the management of retinal detachment. We describe a rare but serious complication of gas bubble migration into the anterior chamber during pneumatic retinopexy in a young, phakic patient and discuss possible risk factors. A 45-year-old man presented with a retinal tear at the 10 o'clock meridian in the right eye with supero-temporal rhegmatogenous retinal detachment not involving the macula. Visual acuity was 6/7.5 OD and 6/6 OS with bilateral nuclear sclerotic 1+ cataracts. Pneumatic retinopexy was performed with the patient positioned supine. A volume of 0.3 mL of 100% perfluropropane (C3F8) was injected using a 25-G needle through a superonasal approach 3.5 mm behind the limbus, after which a routine anterior chamber paracentesis was performed at the temporal limbus to decompress the eye. Upon entry of the 27-G needle into the anterior chamber, the injected gas leaked rapidly into the anterior chamber, forming a bubble that filled 40% of the chamber. The patient was immediately postured face down and given oral acetazolamide 500 mg. Six hours later, the intraocular pressure was 14 mmHg. The following morning, the gas bubble had expanded to fill 75% of the anterior chamber, displacing the iris-lens diaphragm posteriorly (Fig. 1) and elevating the intraocular pressure to 38 mmHg. The cornea was oedematous, obscuring the view of the posterior pole. The intraocular pressure was lowered with intravenous acetazolamide, and the patient underwent pars-plana vitrectomy, cryotherapy, subretinal fluid drainage and injection of 20% sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). During the vitrectomy, no gas was found within the vitreous cavity. Although pneumatic retinopexy is a safe procedure, adverse outcomes such as subconjunctival or subretinal gas, vitreous haemorrhage, new retinal breaks, failure to reattach retina and delayed reabsorption of subretinal fluid have been described. Entrapment of gas in the anterior chamber is a rare complication and is believed to occur when gas is injected into the anterior hyaloidal space if the tip of the needle is located too anterior and peripheral. Taher and Haimovici suggested that forceful injection of a relatively large volume of gas may result in a pressure gradient, causing zonular dehiscence. However, our patient has several characteristics that differ from the case described by Taher and Haimovici. First, this patient was younger (45 vs. 62 years). In the absence of previous ocular trauma or surgery, the zonules should be more resistant to dehiscence in a relatively young patient. No significant zonular dehiscence or phacodonesis was noted after the migration of the gas bubble. Second, a relatively small volume of gas was injected (0.3 vs. 0.6 mL). This may account for the fact that migration of the gas did not occur initially, but only after an anterior chamber paracentesis was performed. The loss of aqueous from the anterior chamber is the most likely precipitating factor by causing a sudden, large pressure gradient that favoured anterior migration of the gas. It is interesting that anterior migration of the injected gas occurred in the patient described by Taher and Haimovici despite an anterior chamber paracentesis not initially being performed, demonstrating that the paracentesis is not essential in the aetiology of this complication. The use of a superonasal approach to avoid the area of retinal detachment may have restricted movement of the surgeon because of the presence of the orbital rim and nasal bridge, resulting in the positioning of the needle anterior to the vitreous. This case illustrates that anterior migration of the gas bubble may complicate pneumatic retinopexy, which would require surgical intervention to relieve. It is crucial to ensure correct placement of the needle before injecting the gas in pneumatic retinopexy. Anterior chamber paracentesis, although beneficial, should be performed with caution in the event that some gas is trapped within the canal of Petit.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the overall flow and temperature field of the air in the whole power plant, especially around the air‐cooled heat exchanger (ACHE) to evaluate the feasibility of the thermal plant project.Design/methodology/approach – The commercial computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT with standard k‐e turbulent model was used. The buoyancy of the air was also considered.Findings – It is concluded that plume recirculation occurs in each case due to the wind effect and the suction of the fan. Installing a side board below or above the fan platform (side board I or side board II) is an effective method of avoiding the plume recirculation and, the higher the board, the better the effect. When the height of the side board I H1≥10 m or the height of the side board II H2≥12 m, the temperature distributions of the fan platform will be sufficient to meet the requirement.Research limitations/implications – A proper distance between the adjacent high buildings and the ACHE ...


This paper discusses the results of reflectance measurements in the 1 to 12 micrometer (μm) region for aluminum diamond turned surfaces.


Protochlorophyll was found in roots of dark-grown plants of seven species investigated. It was identified by absorbance and fluorescence spectra of acetone and ether extracts. Chlorophyll was also found in roots of one pea species. The concentration of protochlorophyll was usually highest in young root tips and decreased upwards along the roots. The maxima of the in vivo absorbance spectra of the species studied varied between 634 and 638 nm. Low temperature in vivo fluorescence emission spectra had two maxima, one at ca 633 and the other at ca 642 nm, when the wavelengths of the excitation light were 440 and 460 nm, respectively. In vivo fluorescence excitation spectra displayed a shift of the excitation maximum from 438 to 445 nm, when emission varied from 620 to 647.5 nm. Deconvolution of these three types of spectra into Gaussian components made it possible to identify two spectral forms of protochlorophyll: protochlorophyll629–633 and protochlorophyll638–642.


We employ the Always Approximately Correct or AAC model defined in [35], to prove learnability results for classes of Boolean functions over arbitrary finite Abelian groups. This model is an extension of Angluin's Query model of exact learning. The Boolean functions we consider belong to approximation classes, i.e. functions that are approximable (in various norms) by few Fourier basis functions, or irreducible characters of the domain Abelian group. We contrast our learnability results to previous results for similar classes in the PAC model of learning with and without membership queries. In addition, we discuss new, natural issues and questions that arise when the AAC model is used. One such question is whether a uniform training set is available for learning any function in a given approximation class. No analogous question seems to have been studied in the context of Angluin's Query model. Another question is whether the training set can be found quickly if the approximation class of the function is completely unknown to the learner, or only partial information about the approximation class is given to the learner (in addition to the answers to membership queries). In order to prove the learnability results in this paper we require new techniques for efficiently sampling Boolean functions using the character theory of finite Abelian groups, as well as the development of algebraic algorithms. The techniques result in other natural applications closely related to learning, for example, query complexity of deterministic algorithms for testing linearity, efficient pseudorandom generators, and estimating VC dimensions for classes of Boolean functions over finite Abelian groups.


Expansive soil is characterized by its unique structural morphology and drastic volume change. With infrastructure increasingly constructed in expansive soil areas, engineering problems caused by the properties of expansive soils have attracted more attention. Cyclic wetting-drying and shear testing were accordingly conducted on an expansive soil from Chengdu area in China. Crack development and shear strength change were analyzed using the Mohr–Coulomb equation for shear strength by fitting the experimental data. The results show the following: (1) With the increase in wetting-drying cycles, the crack ratio increases, the shear strength decreases, and the shear strength parameters gradually decrease at the same rate of change. The applied vertical load reduces the weakening effect of the wetting-drying cycles on the soil structure and strength by restraining the expansion and contraction deformation. (2) By analyzing the number of wetting-drying cycles and the crack images, the crack development (length, direction, etc.) of the expansive soil can be predicted and described. (3) There is a specific linear correlation between the crack ratio and strength that approached a limit value with ongoing wetting-drying cycles. The strength of the expansive soil can therefore be obtained based on crack development, improving the ability of designers to account for the behaviour of expansive soils.


Walter Benn Michaels has spent the last decade disabusing the political value of diversity, arguing that instead we need to focus on class. He's done this in the trade book, The Trouble with Diversity: How We Learned to Love Identity and Ignore Inequality (2006), as well as a continuing series of essays. At the same time, since joining the faculty at the University of Illinois-Chicago, he has become involved in the faculty union there. This interview took place amidst the planning for a walkout of faculty, represented by the Illinois Federation of Teachers (IFT), as they negotiated a new contract, and hence deals particularly with Michaels' union work as well as his critical writing. Michaels fi rst made his reputation writing on literary theory. He drew an avalanche of response with his polemic, "Against Theory," co-written with Steven Knapp. Originally appearing in Critical Inquiry 8.4 (1982), it was the catalyst of the collection Against Theory: Literary Studies and the New Pragmatism, edited by W. J. T. Mitchell (1985), which included responses from Stanley Fish, Richard Rorty, and many others. Alongside his work on theory, Michaels has been one of the most infl uential Americanists of his generation, author of The Gold Standard and the Logic of Naturalism: American Literature at the Turn of the Century (1987) and Our America: Nativism, Modernism, and Pluralism (1995), as well as a teacher of many rising Americanists, including Michael Clune, Amy Hungerford, Mark McGurl, Michael Szalay, Jane Thrailkill, and many others. He also co-edited The American Renaissance Reconsidered (with Donald E. Pease, 1985). More recently, Michaels' The Shape of the Signifi er (2004) combines his thinking on intentionality with a reading of contemporary American fi ction. In addition, he has just completed a new book, The Beauty of a Social Problem: Photography, Autonomy and Political Economy (2015). Born in 1948, Michaels attended Michigan and CCNY, as he tells here, before settling at UC-Santa Barbara, from which he received his BA (1970)


Today, an artificial tooth root called a dental implant is used to replace lost tooth function. Treatment with dental implants is considered an effective and safe method. However, in some cases, the use of dental implants had some failures. The success of dental implants is influenced by several biomechanical factors such as loading type, used material properties, shape and geometry of implants, quality and quantity of bone around implants, surgical method, lack of rapid and proper implant surface's integration with the jaw bone, etc. The main purpose of functional design is to investigate and control the stress distribution on dental implants to optimize their performance. Finite element analysis allows researchers to predict the stress distribution in the bone implant without the risk and cost of implant placement. In this study, the stresses created in the 3A.P.H.5 dental implant's titanium fixture and screw due to the change in abutment angles tolerance have been investigated. The results show that although the fixture and the screw's load and conditions are the same in different cases, the change of the abutment angle and the change in the stress amount also made a difference in the location of maximum stress. The 21-degree abutment puts the fixture in a more critical condition and increases the chance of early plasticization compared to other states. The results also showed that increasing the abutment angle to 24 degrees reduces the stress in the screw, but decreasing the angle to 21 degrees leads to increased screw stress and brings it closer to the fracture.


INTRODUCTION Plants are the foundation for a significant part of human medicine and for many of the most widely used drugs designed to prevent, treat, and cure disease. A number of our cultivated crop plants, including many vegetable crops, were domesticated for medicinal purposes prior to their current use as food. Folkloric transmission of plant-based cures represents a fundamental and formidable reservoir of information for most human cultures. While such remedies are still widely practiced throughout the world, recent scientific developments in the US and other developed countries ushered in a new era of synthetic medicine. During the 20 century, modern medical science introduced monomolecular drugs, many of which have achieved great success and improved public health. However, along with this revolution has come a realization that many traditional plant-based remedies, which generally contain a wide variety of secondary compounds, have been forgotten or obscured. Beginning with the discovery of the vitamins in the early part of the 20 century, key elements of the health functionality of specific crop plants were elucidated. This information led to a greater understanding of the importance of vegetable crops in the human diet. In the past decade, great strides have been made to improve our understanding of how plant secondary compounds in vegetable crops influence human health. Since many of our vegetable crops were originally domesticated for the dual purpose of food and medicine, it should not be surprising that we find significant efficacy for this latter use today. And, the current emphasis on food functionality in the marketplace has highlighted the importance of nutritional components in vegetable crops. While a few vegetable crops have been substantially modified in this regard, much of the research in this area has focused on gaining a better understanding of how secondary compounds that are already present may impact human health, or be influenced by the horticultural environment.


Abstract In a joint Nordic project, four experiments with a total of 880 growing pigs following the same outline were conducted in Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden. In three of these experiments the animals were fed individually. Five dietary treatments were investigated with respect to effects on performance, carcass composition and leg condition by entire or partial dissection. The treatments were: (1) restricted standard feeding as a reference in all experiments; (2) ad libitum feeding with protein (amino acid) concentrations according to recommended allowances (RA); (3) as in (2) but RA increased by 10% (RA + 10%); (4) as in (2) but RA lowered by 10% (RA - 10%), or (5) the most common restricted feeding scale recommended in the individual countries, thus being different from experiment to experiment. Compared with the restricted standard feeding, for which daily feed intake and daily weight gain in the weight range 23–100 kg averaged 2.07 kg and 750 g, respectively (rel. value 100), the correspondi...


The flash flood index calculating model for small drainage areas of Jiangxi province, which does not require lots of data and analysis, and its calculating methods are introduced. The methods to access the parameters are also presented. For the drainage basins with enough observational data, model parameters can be calculated, while in the others lacking of observations, the parameters are gained by using experience from common drainage areas combined with their basin features. The model was tested by using the data of max flux of Jiangxi 137 flash flood disasters from 1960 to 2000. It is suggested that the result calculated from the reasoning formula is more stable than that from statistic method, and the error is smaller. This model is favorable to improve the calculation veracity.


Schiff base formation between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (APP) has been investigated by measurement of the corresponding NMR and electronic absorption spectra. A value of 0.26 was found for the formation constant of the completely deprotonated Schiff base species, and is much smaller than the values reported for pyridoxal-..beta..-chloroalanine and pyridoxal-O-phosphoserine. The protonation constants for the aldehyde and hydrate forms of PLP were determined in D/sub 2/O by measurement of the variation of chemical shifts with pD (pH in D/sub 2/O). The hydration constants of PLP were determined in a pD range 2-12, and species distributions were calculated. The protonation constants of the APP-PLP Schiff base determined by NMR in D/sub 2/O were found to have the log values 12.54, 8.10, 6.70, and 5.95, and the species distributions were calculated for a range of pD values. Evidence is reported for hydrogen bonding involving the phosphate and phosphonate groups of the diprotonated Schiff base. The cis and trans forms of the Schiff bases were distinguished with the aid of the nuclear Overhauser effect. 43 references, 9 figures, 3 tables.


Cell Culture and Flavopiridol Treatment For most RAP experiments, we used V6.5 male mouse ES cells grown in 2i + LIF on plates precoated with 0.2% gelatin and 3.5 mg/mL laminin. For Xist RAP-DNA, we used pSM33 male mouse ES cells induced with doxycycline for three hours to activate Xist expression as previously described (Engreitz et al., 2013). For Xist RAP-RNA, we used pSM33s induced with doxycycline for six hours to increase total Xist abundance and thus provide a control with expression better matched to that of Malat1. For transcription inhibition, we treated pSM33s (in the absence of doxycycline) for one hour with 1 mM flavopiridol or vehicle only (DMSO). We first made a 1 mM flavopiridol stock solution by resuspending flavopiridol hydrochloride hydrate (Sigma) in DMSO, and then added flavopiridol to 1 mM in cell culture media. We harvested cells after one hour to minimize effects due to flavopiridol toxicity. We note that replicate RAP experiments across the two male mouse ES cell lines (V6.5 and pSM33) produced similar data. Probe Design and Generation To generate tiled probesets to capture target RNAs, we synthesized barcoded oligo pools as described previously for Malat1, Xist, and Hdac2 (Engreitz et al., 2013) (Table S4). To capture the 165-nt U1 snRNA, we designed three 50-nt ssDNA oligos that did not overlap the U1 sequence that hybridizes to pre-mRNAs (Table S4). We find that these oligos capture all of the mouse U1 homologs (Rnu1b1, Rnu1b2, Rnu1b6, Rnu1a1) despite small sequence differences. We ordered the U1 oligos with a 5 0 biotin from Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) and mixed them at equimolar concentrations for a total of 1 mM probe stock solution in H 2 O. We used a similar strategy to design 50-nt probes for U12 (Rnu12), U3 (Rnu3b1), and U17a (Snora73a) (Table S4). To generate ssDNA probes from oligo pool templates, we used in vitro transcription to generate ssRNA as previously described (Engreitz et al., 2013) and then performed reverse transcription with AffinityScript Reverse Transcriptase (Agilent Technologies) and a 5 0-biotinylated primer (IDT) to generate single-biotin-labeled ssDNA probes (Table S5). We destroyed template RNA by adding 0.1M sodium hydroxide and incubating at 75 C for 10 min, neutralized the solution with 0.1M acetic acid, then cleaned up the ssDNA using RNA Clean & Concentrator-5 columns (Zymo Research) using 2 3 sample volume RNA Binding Buffer and 1.9 3 sample volume 100% ethanol during …


In this article the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the reduction of heat losses in the elements of external enclosing structures of under construction, reconstructed, reconstructed and currently operated unique buildings (monuments of history and architecture) presents.


The preparation of strata plans of subdivision is a regular task for the modern surveyor. While electronic measurement and recording have permeated all other survey tasks the recording of Strata measurements is still largely the domain of pencil and paper. The advent of hand held distance metres with Bluetooth transfer capability has opened the way for electronic recording and if field use of a pocket or tablet PC to create the strata plans in the field. This project will implement and test a variety of equipment and procedures for electronic measurement and recording. It is envisaged that a successful system will result in time and cost savings and a reduction in errors due to on site data checking. Upcoming electronic lodgement options will be explored as an extension of the plan production.


Coding theory is one of ways to construct ideal access structures. However, in general, determining the ideal access structures of the secret sharing schemes based on linear codes is very hard. According to the concept of minimal liner codes we proposed, this paper concentrates on irreducible cyclic codes and constructs the ideal access structures of the schemes based on the duals of minimal irreducible cyclic codes. In order to study the conditions whether several types of irreducible cyclic codes are minimal, we investigate the weight enumerators of certain irreducible cyclic codes by means of cyclotomic classes and Gaussian periods. On the basis of our aforementioned studies, we obtain ideal access structures and show the corresponding examples through programming.


tag=1 data=Love affair gone wrong. by Roff Smith

tag=2 data=Smith, Roff

tag=3 data=Time,

tag=5 data=44

tag=6 data=31 October 1994

tag=7 data=66,67.

tag=8 data=TOURISM

tag=9 data=GLEN HELEN GORGE

tag=10 data=Hordes of eco-holiday-makers threaten the fragile life of some of Australia's most precious wild places.

tag=11 data=1994/6/9

tag=12 data=94/0537

tag=13 data=CAB


A treatise on metal corrosion, its mechanisms and control procedures. It covers the main following topics: definition and importance of metal corrosion, fundamental concepts of electrochemical corrosion, curves of real and visible polarization, quantitative electrochemical methods of measurement of corrosion speed, non-quantitative electrochemical methods for the study of corrosion, prevention and protection by means of electrochemical techniques, methods of corrosion control, assessment of the speed of atmospheric corrosion by means of electrochemical methods, assessment of corrosion in reinforced concrete.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a civic actionoriented information literacy plan within an elementary school, including the stages of analysis, design, development and evaluation. The plan topic was the US-Taiwan Eco-Campus Partnership Program. Students first identified environmental problems of the school; they then developed and implemented a civic action plan based on their collected information, exchanged dialogue to communicate with their American partners, and finally evaluated the overall effectiveness of the plan. The researchers collaborated with three teachers who teach information literacy, science and English respectively. The civic action lasted for ten months with two cycles. This study was conducted in an elementary school in the area of Chiayi. The data was gathered through participant observations, tests, surveys, interviews, and document analyses. The results showed that it is feasible to promote civic action-oriented information literacy curriculum in sixth grade. Students' problem solving skills, rational participation in public actions, and intercultural understanding improved via the following strategies. These strategies included progressive information literacy curriculum, collaboration among teachers, the support of school administration, and integration of information technology.


To assess potential correlations between intraepidermal nerve fiber densities (IENFD), graded with light microscopy, and clinical measures of peripheral neuropathy in elderly male subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), respectively.


Cantilevered movable clamping member one kind of steel, comprising a nut, the upper platen, a lower platen and at least two screws, the bottom plate fixing screws are respectively connected to the lower, corresponding to the screw on the top plate at least two perforations, said screw passing through said perforations of said top plate, and secured by the nut. Advantages: simple structure, easy to use, easy to disassemble, after use can be removed at the same time, through the entire course of concrete floors, scaffolding and respect to the steel, high stability and better, a plurality of cantilevered movable clamping steel member can withstand a greater force, to carry more weight on scaffolding, can be used repeatedly, cost savings.


This note replicates and combines two threads of research to better understand the influence of the Daily Oklahoman on voting outcomes of state questions involving moral issues. Multiple regression models are developed with the vote on four ballot proposals as the dependent variable, with the county-level circulation rate of the Daily Oklahoman, religious affiliation, socioeconomic status, and 2002 county vote for Governor Henry as independent variables. The analysis reveals that the Daily Oklahoman circulation rate was marginally related to the voting outcomes on the state questions, while several of the other independent variables showed stronger relationships.


Abstract The use of food preservatives has increased enormously over the past several decades. Intuitively, constant ingestion of food preservatives (antimicrobials) could have a profound effect on the oral flora. Preservatives used range from antibiotics to the more commonly used weak acids, for example benzoates, propionates and sorbates. Weak acids reduce the acid tolerance of microorganisms, damage the properties of their cell membranes and exert their antimicrobial effect in a manner similar to that of fluoride. Results from laboratory- and animal-based investigations support the concept that food preservatives alone or in combination with fluoride could reduce the prevalence of dental caries and possibly other plaque related diseases of the mouth.


Teachers today are often reluctant to teach values. Some feel unprepared to do so, and some say straight out that they are uncomfortable imposing their values on students. Teachers in the latter category usually enforce rules, however, and they seem unaware that by doing so, they are teaching values by default. Similarly, teachers often comply with various practices (or movements), and sometimes even embrace them enthusiastically, without considering the underlying values that are implicitly promoted. It would be healthy for both teachers and students to discuss the values underlying various rules and practices, but here-after a brief prologue describing an experience with students-I'll concentrate on teachers. With either a reflective teacher from their own faculty or an outside leader, teachers might engage in a revealing exploration of rules and practices usually taken for granted.


Objective: The management of psychiatric patients is often complicated by medical comorbidities, complex pharmacological regimens, and side effects secondary to these regimens. In the current study, it was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of action of trazodone on rat bladder smooth muscle contractility in vitro . Method: Sixteen adult male Wistar albino rats were euthanized by the cervical dislocation method following ether anesthesia. Two muscle strips of 2×10 mm in size were prepared vertically from the bladder by opening a longitudinal incision from the neck of the bladder in the direction of the apex. The strips were tied properly and hung in the organ bath. All contraction amplitudes and frequencies were recorded. After a 45-min adaptation period, contractions were induced by applying 10 –5 M acetylcholine (ACh) to all spontaneously contracting bladder strips. After 20 min, doses of trazodone (10 –9 M vs 10 –3 M) were given cumulatively. The resulting effects were recorded. Results: The groups were compared within themselves: a significant difference was found between the initial tensions in the group with ACh-induced contractions and the tensions after the administration of trazodone at 10 –9 , 10 –8 , 10 –7 , 10 –6 , 10 –5 , 10 –4 , and 10 –3 M doses (p<0.0001). In the group with spontaneous contractions, a significant difference was found between the initial tensions and the tensions after the administration of trazodone at 10 –9 , 10 –8 , 10 –5 , and 10 –4 M doses (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Results showed that trazodone had a significant inhibitory effect on bladder smooth muscle contractions in vitro , especially at concentrations of 10 –4 and 10 –3 M.


Summary 1. The heavy components (19 S) have been highly concentrated from normal human serum by repeated cycling in the preparative ultracentrifuge. Electrophoresis of such preparations has permitted isolation of a high molecular weight γ-globulin fraction. 2. Analyses of this material indicate a high carbohydrate content with hexose sugars and sialic acid present at approximately 5 times the concentration found for the main 7 S γ-globulin. The hexosamine-hexose ratio is approximately 0.5. 3. Markedly reduced levels were found in the sera of 4 patients with agammaglobulinemia. The possibility that certain antibodies fall into the 19 S fraction and are similarly rich in carbohydrate is discussed.


Introduction: Snake bite is common in Rural areas. Many toxic snakes produce neurotoxic, Myotoxic, and hemotoxic effects. Snake venom is rich in metalloproteinases and Phospholipases. PhospholipaseA2 accounts for most of the toxic effects of Viper snakes. Many herbal antidotes have been in practice in the Siddha system which lacks scientific evidence.
Aim: This study aims to rule out the Binding pose and affinity of bioactive components derived from certain herbs with the target by forming hydrogen bonds so that the function of Phospholipases A2 with PDB – 2QOG would be hindered.
Materials and Methods: From the listed plants 6 bioactive components were selected and In-Siico docking analysis was done with the target2QOG. Andrographolide (49 ASP, 52 TYR), Aristolochic acid(49 ASP, 52 TYR), Genistein(49 ASP, 52 TYR), and Nimbolide (49 ASP, 52 TYR) revealed a maximum of 2 interactions (50%) with the core active amino acid residues present on the target2QOG. Piperic acid (48 HIS) and Linoleic acid(48 HIS) reveal 1 interaction with the core active amino acid residues present on the target 2QOG.
Conclusion: Based on the results it was concluded that the bio-active compounds Andrographolide, Aristolochic acid, and Genistein present in the herbal ingredients possess significant binding against the target enzyme phospholipases A2.


Multiple access interference (MAI) is a factor which limits the capacity and performance of DS-CDMA systems. MAI refers to the interference between direct-sequence users. This interference is the result of the random time offsets between signals, which make it impossible to design the code waveforms to be completely orthogonal. While the MAI caused by any one user is generally small, as the number of interferers or their power increases, MAI becomes substantial. The conventional detector does not take into account the existence of MAI. It follows a single-user detection strategy in which each user is detected separately without regard for other users. Because of the interference among users, however, a better detection strategy is one of multi-user detection (also referred to as joint detection or Interference cancelation). Here, information about multiple users is used jointly to better detect each individual user.


Background: Despite all interventions, tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health issue in Nigeria. Effective TB treatment and control demand early case detection. The ZN staining technique, which is the method of choice in the DOTS program can have problem of low sensitivity. Hence, the need for more sensitive alternative methods. Use of culture is the gold standard but it is not feasible in resource limited settings. The fluorescent Light Emitting Diode (LED) microscopy (FM) method using auramine O stain offers a viable alternative. Aims and Objectives: To study the efficacy of the fluorescent LED microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in comparison with the Z N method and to determine which of the methods is faster in the detection of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). Methodology: Early morning sputum samples were collected from 630 pulmonary tuberculosis suspects (PTB) attending the TB (DOTS) centre of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria. Two smears, measuring 1x2 cm in diameter, made from each specimen received were stained, one with Ziehl Neelsen staining method and the other with auramine O fluorescent staining method. Results: Microscopy results obtained from both methods were recorded according to the IUALTD/WHO guideline as adopted by the National Tuberculosis programme (NTP). The results showed comparable sensitivities. The positivity rate was 51/630(8.1%) for ZN and 55/630(8.7%) for FM. However, FM was found to be faster than ZN technique. Conclusions: The faster reading and the ease of use of the LED fluorescent microscope together with its general acceptability actually support its use in the DOTS program, not as an alternative but as an adjuvant, especially during the introductory phase which should be monitored.


Area of expertise: leadership DavidMarshall is Senior Vice President and Chief Nursing Executive at Cedars-Sinai, a leadingmedical center and a growing health system in Los Angeles, California. Dr. Marshall has more than 30 years of professional nursing experience and 20 years of experience as an executive nurse leader in academic medical centers. Prior to joining Cedars-Sinai, Dr. Marshall was System Chief Nursing and Patient Care Services Executive at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, where he began his nursing career in a year-long nurse residency program.He has served on the boards of professional organizations at the local, state, and national levels. Dr. Marshall's areas of expertise include clinical operations, innovation, leadership development, and performance improvement.


The internal system of Etna was studied by employing a nonequilibrium two-phase flow model of magma ascent which accounts for different gas-magma flow regimes and gas loss to surrounding conduit fractures when the magma pressure exceeds the local lithostatic pressure. Simulations of different phases of the 1974 and 1989 eruptions of Etna with different flow regimes in conduits suggest that the pyroclastic, strombolian, lava fountaining, and effusive lava flow activity can be modeled by effectively accounting for different physical processes of magma ascent. Results from simulations and geophysical and geological data suggest that magma ascent at Etna may occur along a central conduit or inclined conduits from a magma storage region located from 8 to 9 km below the summit, depending on the regional tectonic stresses and characteristics of the magma supply system. The results also suggest the existence of a structurally weak zone from 1 to 4 km below the summit where magma may accumulate and from which fracture systems and magma ascent with gas loss to fractures may propagate to the eruptive vents at the surface. The predicted excess magmatic pressure over lithostatic in the upper regions of conduits without gas loss to fractures suggests fracturing of the volcanic edifice during initial stages of eruptions and subsequent magma ascent and gas loss along these fractures. Modeling of the changes of activity at Etna requires significant new efforts in geophysics aimed at high-resolution internal system definition.


Integrated Threat Theory (ITT) (Stephan & Stephan, 1993, 1996) describes four types of threats as mediators in the relation between antecedent factors (previous intergroup conflict, intergroup contact, status inequalities, in-group identification, knowledge about the out-group, and intergroup contact) and prejudice. The four mediating types of threats, which influence prejudice according to ITT are: intergroup anxiety, negative stereotyping, realistic and symbolic threats. In this study, the ITT model was tested using structural equation modeling on data collected in sample of 187 Dutch employees. Two alternative explanatory models are proposed in which, first intergroup anxiety and then negative stereotyping mediate the relation between the other ITT threats and prejudice. The data show a good fit with the model in which negative stereotypes are considered as mediator variable. The implications of these findings for ITT are discussed in the context of recent theoretical developments in the study of stereotypes and prejudice. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Over the last decades, the role of technologies in health care organizations has become increasingly relevant for the enhancement of health care outcomes and the achievement of clinical goals. Exta...


Includes note from the author, note of the director, the actors' short biographies including Pierre Stafrace, Angele Grima, Jacob Piccinino et al and list of cast and crew.


In this paper modern methods of shaping polygons on universal CNC turning centers have been presented. Four different methods, depending on process kinematics, were investigated. Machining tests for different sample materials and polygons were performed. The results obtained from geometrical measurements allow to compare the accuracy of presented methods. Furthermore machining time for different methods were monitored to check their efficiency. The present paper provides comprehensive comparisons of methods used for shaping polygons on CNC turning centers. This research indicates potential fields of applications for mentioned methods and can be useful for manufacturing engineers.


price. It can be argued that, since the holders of these inventories are motivated mainly by profit considerations, inventories will be liquidated in periods of declining prices and accumulated in periods of rising prices. Such evidence as is available does not support this theory; although a careful study of the inventory policy of holders of raw materials is needed before the crude evidence available can be accepted as a guide to international policy. Even if it is shown, as may very likely be the case, that the short run inventory policy is a disturbing rather than a balancing force, it is still necessary to examine the long run influences of an atomistic as opposed to a centralized management of buffer stocks. Marketing men are all too familiar with the failure of various plans for "orderly marketing" to solve the problems faced by producers of agricultural raw materials. There are, however, two very hopeful generalizations which may be drawn from this terse but scholarly presentation of the facts concerning the nature of raw materials problems. First of all, it seems clear that the raw materials problem is a special case arising from the more fundamental problems of war and business depressions. Other than their importance and the consequent publicity received, raw materials problems are much the same as the problems inherent in the production and distribution of any product in an unstable world. Actually, therefore, materials in international trade do not create new problems so much as they reflect the stresses and strains of deeper and more persistent difficulties. The second broad conclusion is the apparent influence of international conferences devoted to raw materials problems. At the time the meetings are held there seems to be little evidence of accomplishment, with the consequent atmosphere of failure in view of the high hopes which precede such meetings. In retrospect, however, many changes can be traced to such meetings and, moreover, there seems to be considerable agreement on basic policy. Quite obviously, not all meetings have been successful in these respects; and in others the agreed-upon point of view THE YOURNAL OF MARKETING


The Davey–MacKay (DM) concatenated code employing the symbol-level watermark decoding algorithm is able to correct a large number of binary insertions, deletions, and substitutions, while it has the high computational complexity for recovering the synchronization. In the DM concatenated scheme, at the large insertion/deletion probability, in order to achieve the reliable output, the watermark decoder needs to perform the forward and backward passes on a very large trellis. In this paper, a threshold is selected to prevent the paths having very low forward and backward quantities from participating in the calculation of log-likelihood ratios from the watermark decoder. Simulation results show that great reduction in the complexity of the decoding algorithm is achieved at a very slight expense of accuracy.


Meeting the regulations based on the short-term leaching tests may not necessarily assure the environmental and human health safety of reusing mine wastes. This study investigated heavy metal leachability of four metal mine waste samples (e.g., Z, Y, H, and M) and human health risk of reusing them as construction materials. The heavy metal leachability did not depend on the total heavy metal contents. For example, the Z sample contained greater amounts of As and Fe than Zn, but the leachates contained only Zn at a detectable level. This can be attributed to the crystalline structure and heavy metal fractions of the mine wastes. The leaching test results suggested that the four mine waste samples are potentially reusable. But the Z and M samples reused in industrial areas imposed carcinogenic risks. This was largely attributed to As that is exposed via dermal contact. The Y and H samples reused in residential areas imposed carcinogenic risk. The major exposure route was the ingestion of crops grown on the mine wastes and Cr was the major concern. The two-stage assessment involving leaching tests and risk assessment can be used to promote safe reuse of mine wastes.


This paper uses a dataset collected among inhabitants of Amsterdam, to study whether wages of prime age male workers are affected by the use of cannabis and cocaine.The analysis shows that cocaine use and infrequent cannabis use do not affect wages.Frequent cannabis use has a negative wage effect.The age of onset is also important.The earlier current cannabis users have started to use cannabis the larger the negative impact on their wage.


The classical finite-difference scheme for the two-dimensional Dirichlet problem is applied to a singularly perturbed equation that reduces to a zeroth-order equation. One-dimensional optimal grids are used to construct a two-dimensional nonuniform grid adapted to the solution of the original differential problem. It is proved that the scheme is uniformly convergent on the grid with respect to the perturbation parameter with an O(N -2 In 2 N) residual.


Theories for the sound power radiated from a simply supported beam have been developed by Lyon and Maidanik [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 34, 623–639 (1962)], and others. In this paper, simple formulas have been derived which predict the sound power radiated and the farfield directivity pattern for an acoustically narrow beam. The results clearly show that a vibrating beam can be modeled by two interfering monopole sound sources located at the ends of the beam having equal strengths related to the vibration amplitude of the beam and a phase relationship depending on the type of mode excited. To test this theory, directivity patterns were measured for a 1‐ft‐long simply supported beam vibrating at its resonance frequencies. The directivity patterns for the first five modes were found to agree well with those predicted by the theory. [Work supported by American Standard Research and Development Center, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and conducted when both authors were at the Herrick Laboratories.]


Estimates of breeding values were obtained for weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age in Mecheri sheep maintained at Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, Tamil Nadu, India, over a period of 16 years (1991 to 2006). Records of 1763 lambs born out of 74 sires were used for the study. Analyses were carried out by least-squares (LS), best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and derivative free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) methods. Error variance for LS, BLUP and DFREML estimates were 0.153, 0.155 and 0.053; 3.573, 3.589 and 2.082; 6.529, 6.576 and 3.888; 8.697, 8.734 and 4.337 and, 8.324, 8.391 and 4.435 respectively for birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months weights. The coefficient of determination (R2) for LS, BLUP and DFREML methods were 24.7, 19.6 and 71.2; 32.6, 28.7 and 48.1; 37.0, 32.6 and 48.1; 39.0, 34.2 and 58.7 and, 46.9, 40.2 and 57.6 for birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months weights respectively. Spearman's rank correlation for DFREML with BLUP and LS estimates were highly significant (P


Chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media is the particularly aggressive form of chronic otitis media.This ear infection can
lead to functional impairment of the ear and exposes you to serious complications that can be life-threatening. The
purpose of this work was to list the complications of cholesteatomatous otitis in our hospital center. Patients And
Method: This is a descriptive retrospective study of cases of complicated cholesteatomatous otitis. The study was
carried out within the university hospital center Andohatapenaka from January 2015 to December 2019 (5 years).
Complications of chronic not cholesteatomatous otitis media have been ruled out. Results: The frequency of
cholesteatomatous otitis media is 2.57%. It mainly affects patients between 10 and 20 years old with a male
predominance. Extra-cranial complications are more frequent (78.94%) compared to intracranial complications. The
circumstances of discovery are dominated by otorrhea (31.57%) and retro-auricular swelling (21.05%). The clinical
signs are variable and depend on the complications. The otological history badly or not treated (60.52%) remains a
predictive factor of these complications. Computed tomography has a very important place in the diagnostic
component. Conclusion : Cholesteatomatous otitis media is always at risk of serious complications in the absence of
well-adapted treatments.Complications can be functional which blames the hearing or vital following the endocranial
extension


The Pilates method has recently been recommended as the best way to improve spinal stability by strengthening the trunk and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles. Purpose In this study, we compared trunk and GM muscle activities and pelvic rotation angles during four traditional Pilates exercises. the LPF if the goal is increased and GM muscle activity and the if you for useful for while


The dynamic simulation of infrared signature of the deep groove ball bearing (DGBB) was carried out based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA. A finite element model of the ball-raceway contact of the was established, and the slide friction between the ball and the raceway was considered as the main reason of heat generation, and the impacts of radial load, rotation speed and the coefficient of friction to the heat generation and the infrared characteristics of distribution were discussed in detail. The relative errors between the simulation results and the theoretical calculation value are less than 10%, which proves this simulation model is accurate and reliable.


ESP is a new active control system of safety and hydraulic control system is important for the safe driving of vehicle.Composing and principle of ESP braking hydraulic system are researched in the paper,which is an important part of ESP.Based on the hydraulic theory,how to model hydraulic system was also introduced in the paper.And the simulated modeling of the hydraulic system was built by using Simulink.At the same time,the simulation is carried out when the brake wheel is in the state of pressure build-up and pressure suppression.The mathematical models of the main parts were built to provide suggestions for design and matching of the hydraulic control system.


An adjunct turned writing program administrator reflects on her professional journey and describes efforts to improve the teaching environment amongst composi- tion faculty—primarily part-time—within her department. Based on a local program review, a pilot faculty relations plan was implemented that addressed two major areas: offering more professional development opportunities and creating improved communi- cation across the composition faculty. Interviews and surveys conducted with the faculty emerged affective themes that demonstrated adjunct faculty indeed felt more valued in their roles during and after the plan's implementation, while some remained uncertain about their job stability and place within the university. The author concludes that by attending to the professional needs of adjuncts and heightening awareness around the challenge of contingency labor in teaching, universities and departments can tap into the deep reservoirs of knowledge and experience adjuncts bring to their teaching and build positive futures for basic writing professionals while working for institutional change.


The present invention relates to a process and intermediates for the preparation of a phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitory activity of a given compound having the formula (Ⅰ). The invention also relates to the use thereof for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for a method and a combination of a suitable carrier or vehicle, for inhalation isolated by crystallization of the compound (Ⅰ). The invention also relates to crystal forms and solvates of the compounds of formula (Ⅰ). The synthesized product is suitable for use in the treatment of pharmaceutical application, for example, respiratory diseases.


Motivated by the problem of efficiently collecting data from wireless sensor networks via a mobile sink, we present an accelerated random walk on Random Geometric Graphs. Random walks in wireless sensor networks can serve as fully local, very simple strategies for sink motion that significantly reduce energy dissipation but introduce higher latency in the data collection process. While in most cases random walks are studied on graphs like Gn,p and Grid, we define and experimentally evaluate our newly proposed random walk on the Random Geometric Graphs model, that more accurately abstracts spatial proximity in a wireless sensor network. We call this new random walk the γ-stretched random walk, and compare it to two known random walks; its basic idea is to favour visiting distant neighbours of the current node towards reducing node overlap. We also define a new performance metric called Proximity Cover Time which, along with other metrics such as visit overlap statistics and proximity variation, we use to evaluate the performance properties and features of the various walks.


The article in this article is about the form of marketing public relations (MPR) applied in political campaigns in Indonesia. This article focuses more on seeing how the MPR concept is applied in modern political campaigns. The data presented is the use of secondary data which is presented in the form of descriptive analysis. The research method used in this study is observation. From this paper shows the benefits of the concept of Marketing Public Relations in modern political campaigns in Indonesia.


T HE various papers in this symposium have presented the current state of the art of a very extensive and complicated subject. We have come a long way in our knowledge of Entamoeba histolytica and amebiasis since Losch's observations over a century ago. Great strides have been made in prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment, and in gaining sophisticated insights into the chemical and biological processes crucial for the organism's survival.


This paper explores the questions of equality and social justice for people with disabilities in sports and, by extension, other civil societal practices that involve the pursuit of excellence. I argue that such practices come within the purview of justice depending on the interplay between political activism, institutionalized anti-discrimination statutes such as the ADA, and the internal norms of a practice. There are many ways to interpret the ADA, and a successful argument for a right to a pursuit of excellence requires that the ADA be understood as an anticaste principle. That interpretation allows me to show how even voluntary, ostensibly apolitical social practices can stigmatize groups of people — people with disabilities, for example — and how such practices can be refigured to bring about social justice.


Please cite this paper as: Pelat et al. (2012) Hospitalization of influenza‐like illness patients recommended by general practitioners in France between 1997 and 2010. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2012.00356.x.


Notes on Contributors Preface Introduction: Affective Fabrics of Digital Cultures A.Kuntsman PART I: AFFECT IN THE AGE OF THE DIGITAL War By Other Means: What Difference Does the Graphic(s) Make? P.Ticineto Clough Nanoarchitectures: The Synthetic Design of Extensions and Thoughts L.Parisi WikiLeaks Affects: Ideology, Conflict and the Revolutionary Virtual A.Karatzogianni PART II: SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS OF DIGITAL CULTURES Affect, Fantasy and Digital Cultures D.Ferreday Videogames and the Digital Sublime E.Shinkle Digital Affect, Clubbing and Club Drug Cultures: Reflection, Anticipation, Counter-Reaction K.Moore Touching Tales: Emotion in Digital Object Memories K.Leder & A.Karpovich PART III: VIRTUAL INTIMACIES White Collar Intimacy M.Gregg DIY Therapy: Exploring Affective Self-representations in Trans Video Blogs on YouTube T.Raun Virtually Yours: Reflecting on the Place of Mobile Phones in Romantic Relationships M.Sirisena PART IV: FEELINGS, TECHNOLOGIES, POLITICS Symptomologies of the State: Cuba's 'Email War' and the Paranoid Public Sphere L.Humphreys The Seducer's Net: Internet, Politics and Seduction J.Rone Digital Aesthetics and Affective Politics: Isaac Julien's Audio-Visual Installations M.Quadraro Epilogue: The Futures of the Affective Digital A.Karatzogianni Index


Objective: To investigate the detect accuracy of red blood cell and white blood cell by dry chemistry method and microscopic examination method.Methods: The urine specimen of 725 cases in our hospital were detected by dry chemistry method and microscopic examination method,and the results were compared.Results: The positive rate of microscopic examination method in the white blood cell was 24.13%,and the positive rate of dry chemistry method in the white blood cell was 22.21%.The positive rate of microscopic examination method in the red blood cell was 22.06%,and the positive rate of dry chemistry method in the red blood cell was 20.28%.Conclusion: There are some difference between the results of detect of red blood cell and white blood cell by dry chemistry method and microscopic examination method,so they should be used reasonably.


Surprise is a necessary condition for making a discovery. If a phenomenon out there does not surprise us and thus is not noted by us, could it be because of the familiarity that we have with it. In that case, is perception of an innovation and function of individual theory of social change or activity. The question of local agricultural knowledge not being perceived by agricultural scientists was raised in a study on Matching Farmers' Concerns with Technologists' Objectives: A Study of Scientific Goal Setting in Dry Farming. Paper deals with two questions: (1) How do we classify local/indigenous knowledge and (2) why don't scientists pursue some of these practices further to draw science out of these or to build upon these.


In A Sea in Flames, ecologist Carl Safina captures the chaos and confusion that surrounded the 2010 explosion aboard the drill rig Deepwater Horizon in clear, vivid prose.


Simulated annealing algorithm is one of the most popular metaheuristics that has been successfully applied to many optimization problems. The main advantage of SA is its ability to escape from local optima by allowing hill-climbing moves and exploring new solutions at the beginning of the search process. One of its drawbacks is its slow convergence, requiring high computational time with a good set of parameter values to find a reasonable solution. In this work, a new improved SA is proposed to solve the well-known travelling salesman problem. In order to improve SA performance, a population-based improvement procedure is incorporated after the acceptance phase of SA, allowing the algorithm to take advantage of the social behavior of some solutions from the search space. Numerical results were carried out using known TSP instances from TSPLIB and preliminary results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms in terms of solution quality, the other comparison algorithms.


data. This synthetic image acts as an effective reference for individual-specific distortion correction. Using pediatric (ABCD: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) and adult (MSC: Midnight Scan Club; HCP: Human Connectome Project) data, we demonstrate that Synth performs comparably to field map distortion correction approaches, and often outperforms them. Field map-less distortion correction with Synth allows accurate and precise registration of fMRI data with missing or corrupted field map information.


Electrical behavior of the heavy ion particle strike - induced single event transients (SET) on QuanFINE based buffer - free (Without Buffer) HEMT is systematically investigated with well calibrated TCAD simulations. The absence of a thick and highly - doped buffer enables AlN to act as a back barrier thus facilitates better 2DEG confinement. Comparison of WOB with Fe - doped buffer (With Buffer) HEMT points towards the greater radiation tolerance of the WOB architecture which depicts a slower evolution of electron concentration and a delayed trigger. Further, the WOB reports 4% lower drain current shoot - up, 2% lower electric field degradation and 35% lower charge collection for linear energy transfer (LET) value of $1\ \text{pC}/\mu\mathrm{m}$. The heavy ion induced transient impact is explored as a function of strike location and LET values. The results demonstrate the excellent resilience to single event effects (SEE) and reliability offered by the WOB structure.


This article discusses a series of conceptual and practical issues regarding taxation mechanism of revenues from independent activities based on the income tax bracket. For tax payers who obtain revenues from independent activities apart from liberal professions, and perform activities contained in the classified list from the Regional Directorates General of Public Finance, the net annual income is determined on the basis of annual income tax bracket from the place of work. These tax payers have a number of filling and payment obligations. They set out the annual tax and social contributions paid through the single return for income tax and social contributions by natural persons.


Caches exploits locality of references to reduce memory access latencies and thereby improve processor performance. When an operating system switches application task or performs other kernel servi...


The article analyses the latest book by Branko Milanovic, Capitalism, Alone: the future of the System That Rules the World, which was published in 2019, according to recent publications. First, it is presented the book's overview. Second, its relations to other similar publications. Third, the book's detailed analysis and fi nally, some of its argumentative problems regarding the Brazilian social and economic reality.
JEL Classification: P16; F50; P48.


Nitrogen‐coordinated single‐cobalt‐atom electrocatalysts, particularly ones derived from high‐temperature pyrolysis of cobalt‐based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), have emerged as a new frontier in the design of oxygen reduction cathodes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) due to their enhanced durability and smaller Fenton effects related to the degradation of membranes and ionomers compared with emphasized iron‐based electrocatalysts. However, pyrolysis techniques lead to obscure active‐site configurations, undesirably defined porosity and morphology, and fewer exposed active sites. Herein, a highly stable cross‐linked nanofiber electrode is directly prepared by electrospinning using a liquid processability cobalt‐based covalent organic polymer (Co‐COP) obtained via pyrolysis‐free strategy. The resultant fibers can be facilely organized into a free‐standing large‐area film with a uniform hierarchical porous texture and a full dispersion of atomic Co active sites on the catalyst surface. Focused ion beam‐field emission scanning electron microscopy and computational fluid dynamics experiments confirm that the relative diffusion coefficient is enhanced by 3.5 times, which can provide an efficient route both for reactants to enter the active sites, and drain away the produced water efficiently. Resultingly, the peak power density of the integrated Co‐COP nanofiber electrode is remarkably enhanced by 1.72 times along with significantly higher durability compared with conventional spraying methods. Notably, this nanofabrication technique also maintains excellent scalability and uniformity.


The present paper is a reaction to David Miller's and Milos
Taliga's defence of so called linguistic dependence of
verisimilitude counting of Pavel Tichý's approach. I show
mainly that their construal of identity of scientific theories
is fallacious thus it cannot support an argument against
Tichý's conception.


Some of the causes for success or failure in the visual arts can be found in important factors such as: analytical perception; ready recall of mnemonic pictures; incongruity be tween memory pictures and drawn pictures;2 variety and fluency of graphic symbols; or predominance of the visual component in absorbing and producing art. It is conceivable that changes and devel opments can be brought about by stimulation either through exposure to selected works of art or through guidance in a specific direc tion, or through both.3 The results of this study are reported in two parts. The first part deals with the changes in subject matter through exposure to works of art. The second part deals with the aesthetic approach, and its significance lies in the differences of reaction between average and specially gifted children and the inferences therefrom. Hence we wish to draw particular attention to the second part of this study. The Problem


Heat transfer enhancement by different passive inserts has become a promising technology nowadays for many researchers in industrial applications like refrigeration and air conditioning, heat exchangers, power generation, solar heaters, process industries, nuclear reactors, automobile industries. Energy is the primary and most universal measure of all kinds of work by human beings and nature. The increasing cost of energy as well as material has led to a wide scope of research aiming more efficient heat exchange process. To achieve an increase heat transfer rate with minimum friction loss emerged number of passive inserts. In this study, numerical and experimental investigations of heat transfer and fluid flow Characteristics of a circular tube fitted with different passive inserts for different geometric parameters and materials are reviewed. This paper focus on heat transfer enhancement in laminar, transition and turbulent region with passive inserts like twisted tapes, combined twisted tapes, circular ring type, wire coil type, baffles type, rib type for numerical and experimental studies. Despite of heat transfer enhancement frictional resistances are also increased with the presence of inserts inside the tubes. The present study provides an exhaustive review on feasible heat transfer augmentation. Heat transfer and friction factor characteristics have been investigated for different geometric parameters and materials of insert. Also some researchers found empirical equations for transitional and fully developed turbulent flow and developed non dimensional groups to study the effect of different types of inserts on heat transfer enhancement.This study is reviewed in this paper as well.


In this article, a novel method of SDS-PAGE is introduced for analyzing proteins and subunits with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We used copper stain to visualize the proteins and subunits in SDS polyacrylamide gels. The subunits were extracted from gel by using organic solution. Then we analyzed their molecular weight with the technology of mass spectrometry directly without further disposal. Moreover, this method has advantages of simple, fast and low loss rate. And it is especially suitable for the study of proteomics, analysis of protein homologue with database and kinds of confirming proteins etc. It is suggested that the method of coupling both SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry be a perfect analyzing technology in the off-line.