A total of 1,206 pigs (PIC 359 × 1050; initial BW = 107.9 lb) were used in an 84-d study to evaluate the effects of added dietary chromium (Cr; KemTRACE chromium propionate, Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, IA) and feeding regimen on growth performance of finishing pigs housed under commercial conditions. Pigs were placed in mixed-gender pens (27 pigs per pen), blocked by BW, and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments (15 pens per treatment). Diets were corn-soybean meal-based with added dried distillers gains with solubles, and were fed in 4 phases. Treatments were: 1) control, no Cr in grower or finisher formulas; 2) 200 ppb of Cr fed in both grower and finisher; and 3) 200 ppb of Cr fed in grower and 100 ppb fed in finisher. The grower phase was from 108 to 202 lb and the finisher phase was 202 to 273 lb. There was no evidence (P ≥ 0.197) of treatment differences in the grower period. In the finishing period, added Cr resulted in a marginally significant increase (linear; P = 0.061) in ADG (2.03, 2.02, 2.08 ± 0.022 lb/d; 0, 100, 200 ppb added Cr, respectively) with no evidence of an effect (P ≥ 0.148) on ADFI and F/G. For the overall period, there was marginal significance that at least one treatment differed from another (P = 0.086) for ADG. When compared directly, addition of 200 ppb Cr in both grower and finisher increased (P = 0.037) ADG, compared to control with pigs fed 200 ppb added Cr fed in grower, followed by 100 ppb fed in finisher intermediate (1.97, 1.98, and 2.01 ± 0.013 lb/d; 0, 200/100, and 200/ 200 ppb added Cr, respectively). There was no evidence (P ≥ 0.526) of differences in overall ADFI and F/ G. Percentage carcass yield was reduced (P = 0.018) in pigs fed 200 ppb added Cr for both the grower and finishing periods compared to other treatments. There was no evidence of differences (P ≥ 0.206) in HCW, loin depth, backfat, or percentage lean between treatments. In summary, adding 200 ppb of Cr in both grower and finisher formulas increased finishing ADG, led to a marginally significant improvement in overall ADG, but reduced carcass yield.


Clinical communication assessment guidelines (San Miguel and Rogan, 2015) were developed in Australia to assess nursing students' English language proficiency. Nurse educators at Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology adapted these guidelines for New Zealand use, calling them the clinical communication assessment framework (CCAF). The purpose of this framework was to assess the English language proficiency of nurses with English as an additional language (EAL) in the clinical nursing environment. This research reports on an assessment of nurses using this framework, performed before the competency assessment programme (CAP) four-week clinical nursing placement. It describes the first application of this clinical communication assessment tool in New Zealand.


This article estimates the spatial distribution of federal transit and highway subsidies in the United States under past and current federal transportation programs and explores possible causes of these distributions. Calculations are made for 26 selected cities, for all states, and for all census regions. Distributions under past and current programs are compared with distributions that would result from various hypothetical revisions that have been proposed. The main finding is that rural states and regions benefit from much larger federal highway subsidies per capita than do urban states and regions, and that these highway subsidies more than offset the relatively larger per capita transit subsidies that urbanized states and regions receive. The article concludes by analyzing the implications of these and other estimated distributional impacts for federal transportation policy.


We present a 286 nm monolithic multicomponent system in which two identical multiple quantum well (MQW) diodes merge with a waveguide together on a single chip. The monolithic multicomponent system allows all existing standard fabrication processes and establishes an optical link between two MQW-diodes because of the simultaneous emission-detection phenomenon. One MQW-diode transcribes electronic information into an optical signal to be coupled into a waveguide. The guided light then propagates along the waveguide to the other MQW-diode that converts the optical signal into an electronic one. A spatial light transmission at 50 Mbps is demonstrated using non-return-to-zero on–off keying modulation.


This paper presents a new algorithm to train multilayered perceptrons, u sing q uadr atical potential functions. This new algorithm is compared in an isolated word recognition task, with the back propagation algorithm that uses linear combinations of the inputs. Some pattern recognition techniques are also used to reduce the dimensinality of the input pattern in order to reduce the


Osteoporosis in post-menopausal women is not merely due to deficient estrogenhormone production. The development of osteoporosis is due to increased boneresorption by osteoclasts. The osteoclast's number and activity is controlled by activatingfactors such as IL-6 and RANK-L. The objective of this study was to determine that highIL-6 and RANK-L serum concentrations are risks for osteoporosis in estrogen deficientpost-menopausal women. The serum concentration of ß-CrossLaps (CTx) was measuredto determine bone resorption rate. This is an observational analytical study using case andcontrol design conducted at Sanglah General Hospital of Denpasar. The sample size wascalculated using the paired case-control study formula. There were 41 osteoporotic and41 non-osteoporotic (control) estrogen deficient post-menopausal women involved in thestudy.Data were analyzed by using the t-paired and McNemar tests. Mean serumconcentration of IL-6 among the osteoporotic women was significantly higher ascompared to that of the controls (3.47±1.75 pg/ml vs 2.51±1.13 pg/ml, p = 0.001). Meanserum concentration of RANK-L among the osteoporotic women was also significantlyhigher as compared to that of the controls (320.66±122.44ng/ml vs 249.94±82.41 ng/ml,p = 0.002). To qualify as risk factors for osteoporosis, the cut-off point for IL-6 was 2.17pg/ml (OR = 4, CI 95%: 1.23-14.24; p = 0.032); the cut-off point for RANK-L was275.165 ng/ml (OR = 8, CI 95%: 1.84-34.79; p = 0.001). Analysis of both high serumconcentration of IL-6 and RANK-L was associated with an odd ratio of 9 (CI 95%: 4,27-18,96, p=0,000). CTx concentration in the osteoporotic women was significantly higherthan in the controls (0.60±0.22ng/ml vs 0.46±0.16ng/ml, p = 0.004).We found that the high IL-6 and RANK-L serum concentrations were risk factorsin estrogen deficient post-menopausal women. CTx being a marker for osteoclastic boneresorption activity, increased in concentration higher in osteoporotic than in nonosteoporoticwomen. The high serum concentrations of IL-6 and RANK-L could be usedas predictors for osteoporosis in estrogen deficient post-menopausal women.


Different from the traditional grouping way according to spatial distribution when researching the regional disparity of economic growth, starting from the Chinese actual situation about the dynamic change of the gap of provincial economic growth,We divided 31 provinces into three types of rapid growth, medium growth and slow growth in stages during 1993~2012. Then through comparative analysis between fast areas and slow growth areas, we tried to explore the law of provincial economic growth and its main influencing factors. By using Oaxaca- Blinder model we decomposed the factor influencing the provincial disparity of economic growth, and calculated the contribution rate of these factors. The results show that government policy and marketization are the main factors that influence the provincial difference,but the narrow of regional gap is over dependent on government investment. Because its influence on economic grouth continues to be weakened, the backward areas are more likely to fall into "Mezzogiorno Trap" once the policy is difficult to continue. therefore, it may be the effective way to narrow regional disparity of the backward area by cultivating their own development potential and deepening market reform.


ABSTRACT A number of scholars have noted that contact with English has changed the Japanese language in a process of Englishization. While the most profound effects of Englishization may be seen in the influx of new lexemes, deeper structural changes to Japanese syntactic structures and phonology have not been observed with great regularity. A review of previous research on Englishization suggests that syntactic effects of Englishization in Japanese are to be expected. The Japanese ukemi 'passive' voice construction has been hypothesized to have been Englishized and close attention is given to those claims. This article examines a corpus of news media texts that can be divided into two sub-corpora: those written in Japanese and those translated from English into Japanese. The indirect passive appears more frequently in texts written in Japanese and in the sub-corpus of translated Japanese its use is limited by the types of verbs that are passivized. The sociolinguistic nature of English in Japan, where the language is taught to nearly every student in the country, suggests that Englishization effects on the passive construction produce contact-induced variation that could be the earliest signs of change in progress.


Mutual Fund companies are financial intermediaries providing financial services to small investors through mobilisation of funds, when the investors invest in a mutual fund they are buying shares or units of the mutual fund and become a shareholder of the fund. Mutual funds are one of the best investments ever created because they are very cost efficient and very easy to invest in. Thus the Rupee is generated in the form of big returns to promote financial excellence. The financial reforms and cut throat competition in the economic environment the mutual fund industry has opened new vistas to interested investors and imparted much needed liquidity to the Indian financial system. In a jungle evolution of financial service sector in India investors are unable to recognise and select the benchmarking companies. The study examines the performance of mutual funds based on their fund return, risk and performance ratios. Keywords Small investors, Big Returns, Net Asset Value, Beta, Alpha, Financial Excellence, Financial Assets, Asset classes.


Small gape of zooplanktivorous larval fish limits their prey size; yet, within constraints set by gape, zooplankton size eaten influences larval growth and ultimately survival. To determine if optimal zooplankton size varied among fish species with different gapes, we conducted foraging trials with larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus, 10-26 mm TL) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum, 18-31 mm TL). Larvae (n = 10) fed for 1 h on zooplankton assemblages that varied in size, after which all larvae and remaining zooplankton were preserved. Larval gape was measured; both larval gut contents and available zooplankton were quantified. Bluegill, the large-gaped species, fed on larger zooplankton than did gizzard shad with similar gapes. Further, larger bluegill fed on progressively larger zooplankton whereas all gizzard shad ate small prey (<0.60 mm). As available zooplankton size increased, bluegill prey size increased whereas gizzard shad consistently selected small prey. Therefore, differences in zooplankton size among lakes could differentially affect foraging success of larval fishes. In particular, systems with small zooplankton may represent ideal foraging environments for gizzard shad whereas lakes with large zooplankton may favor larval bluegill. If differential larval foraging translates to differential growth and survival, zooplankton size could influence recruitment success and ultimately fish community composition.


Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) is a distinct epidermal nevus syndrome characterized by the association of an organoid nevus (ON) usually with sebaceous differentiation, a speckled lentiginous nevus (SLN), and extracutaneous anomalies. We report a case of a 21-yearold man with an epidermal nevus, multiple SLNs, and multiple compound melanocytic nevi of congenital type. He also had a prominent pigmented lesion on his left conjunctiva. To our knowledge, this is the first case of PPK in which the ocular lesion was biopsied and diagnosed as a compound melanocytic nevus. Physical examination as well as laboratory and imaging studies showed no other extracutaneous involvement. Our patient was a 21-year-old male born to healthy consanguineous parents in an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy. Family history was unremarkable. We were not given any reliable information regarding the beginning and evolution of the patient's skin manifestations. However, according to his parents' statements, the first skin lesion was noticed when the subject was aged six months and was located on the back of the neck; other lesions gradually developed from four years of age. The patient presented to us at the age of 21 years. Physical examination revealed a linear ON following Blaschko's lines on the left side of the neck and back, as well as multiple SLNs on the face, ears, left shoulder, lower back, and left palm (Fig. 1a, b). Multiple checkerboard pigmented lesions were also noted on the face (left side) and extended to the forehead, lips, and gums (Fig. 1c, d). Longitudinal melanonychia was present on the right thumb and left ring finger (Fig. 1e). Histologic examination of a surgical specimen from an ON revealed acanthosis, papillomatosis, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltration with fibrosis in the papillary dermis, and increased melanin pigment along the basal layer, confirming the diagnosis of epidermal nevus (Fig. 2a). A specimen from a pigmented lesion on the subject's face showed melanocytic proliferation along the basal layers, through the upper and mid-dermis, as nests, fascicles, and single spindle cells arranged around vessels and adnexal structures with maturation toward the deeper layers. Compound melanocytic nevus of congenital type was diagnosed (Fig. 2b). A pigmented lesion was noted on the temporal side of the left conjunctiva. Histopathologic examination revealed this to be a compound melanocytic nevus consisting of melanocytic nests in the epithelium and substantia propria of conjunctiva with cyst formation (Fig. 3a, b). Further ophthalmologic examinations, as well as neurologic and musculoskeletal evaluations, disclosed no abnormality. 994


There are many applications for Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMC), but practical adoption is still an issue. One reason is that the business model of the application does not match the system architecture of regular secure computation. An important business model is that of a single service provider dealing with many customers. Applications with this business model are e.g. auctions or benchmarking. This paper provides SMC in a system architecture for service providers.Furthermore we achieve an interesting performance improvement. Our SMC protocol has a significantly improved complexity if all parties behave semi-honest, but can still deal with a minority of malicious parties at the usual complexity.The solution also relates to distributed algorithmic mechanism design which proposes to build distributed algorithms that implement mechanisms that compute the result given rational players.


We propose a novel iterative-optimization-inspired direct targeting strategy (DTS) for smart nanosystems, which harness swarms of externally manipulable nanoswimmers assembled by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for knowledge-aided tumor sensitization and targeting. We aim to demonstrate through computational experiments that the proposed DTS can significantly enhance the accumulation of MNPs in the tumor site, which serve as a contrast agent in various medical imaging modalities, by using the shortest possible physiological routes and with minimal systemic exposure. By means of computational experiments, we show that the GD-inspired DTS yields higher probabilities of tumor sensitization and more significant dose accumulation compared to the "brute-force" search, which corresponds to the systemic targeting scenario where drug nanoparticles attempt to target a tumor by enumerating all possible pathways in the complex vascular network. The knowledge-aided DTS has potential to enhance the tumor sensitization and targeting performance remarkably by exploiting the externally measurable, tumor-triggered biophysical gradients. We believe that this work motivates a novel biosensing-by-learning framework facilitated by externally manipulable, smart nanosystems.


In order to use a linear vibration motor for the actuator of a haptic interface, the motor must provide a higher reaction rate and longer service life than typical rotational motors with an eccentric mass. In this paper, we propose a linear vibration motor that is equipped with a voice-coil actuator and permanent-magnet springs. To concentrate the magnetic flux in the actuator, a Halbach-style magnetization pattern is used. Permanent-magnet springs replace mechanical springs to help increase the service life. We use the method of equivalent current sheets and the method of images to analyze and model the proposed vibration motor. These methods are validated using finite element analyses and experiments. A prototype motor is designed and fabricated. Tests with the prototype show the feasibility of the proposed linear vibration motor.


This paper evaluates natural ventilation effectiveness in one fully dependent Air Conditioned-Educational Building in Depok to recommend potential passive cooling approaches toward user thermal comfort. This study involves building surveys to measure the temperature and humidity of three selected classrooms, A, B, and C, with varying configurations and capacities. Airflow simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is done under two conditions: open and closed doors. A set of parameters, which are room configuration, type of window, and ventilation strategy, are set to evaluate natural ventilation aspects. The site survey indicates that only one classroom with an area of 92 sqm facing to the southside is classified as efficiently warm (Room A). The simulation demonstrates that cross-ventilation only occurs when the door is opened. The parameters indicating shape, dimension, type, and area of natural ventilation matter, show that the building's natural ventilation is ineffective in providing thermal comfort. This study recommends that the building's natural ventilation be placed according to the direction of the airflow, adding vertical fin elements, and increasing the openings by more than 5% area from the floor area.


This study tested the interaction effects of Parenting Effectiveness and ParentAdolescent Communication and the effects they produced on Moral Development and Sexual Responsibility. The data were obtained from a questionnaire given to 52 adolescents and both of their parents. Since it was hypothesized that the two dependent variables were correlated, a 2x2 MANOVA design was used. Separate MANOVAs were conducted for the full sample, a subsample of Virgins and a subsample of Non-Virgins. The MANOVA revealed negligible correlations between dependent variables and no significant interaction effects. Both multivariate and univariate analyses showed some significant main effects of the independent variables. In order to further explore these effects, a 3x3 ANOVA was employed. The results of the ANOVA showed that both curvilinear and linear relationships existed between some variables. The relationships between, and effect on, the variables were described. Although the theory and hypotheses for this study were not supported, recommendations have been made for further study of Parenting Effectiveness, Parent-Adolescent Communication, Moral Development, and Sexual


An optimal predicting model for the exterior ballistics of trajectory correction projectile based on the estimation of ballistic perturbing noise is established.The computation error due to the non real-time estimation of the perturbing noise is avoided by discarding off the noise data before shooting.Two kinds of noise(constant noise and zero-mean white Gaussian noise) are discussed.The precision of trajectory noise is analyzed in detail.The ballistic estimation algorithm of measured section of trajectory is amended based on the estimation result of trajectory perturbing noise.The computing scale is reduced and the predicting precision of non-measured section is improved.The validity of the predicting model is proved by the simulation result.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 through angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor can harm testes function. The objectives were to analyse the prevalence of low serum testosterone (LT) and impaired fertility potential (Leydig and Sertoli cells dysfunction, respectively) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) male survivors and to evaluate acute infection‐related associated factors. Also, we explore its association with post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS) and quality of life (QOL).


In the conventional solid laser device, considering only the uniformity of the solid-state laser medium to the shaft center of the distribution of excitation, without taking into account the entire optical axis direction of the solid-state laser apparatus excited symmetry distribution, therefore, there is not efficiently problems of high-quality high-power laser beam. To solve this problem, the present invention near the center of the resonator, a solid laser beam along the optical axis (18), there is arranged an even number of excitation assembly (51, 52), each of the excitation modules (51, 52) as configured as the semiconductor laser (21 to 28) and a solid-state laser medium (11, 12) the excitation light source is disposed, it is provided with respect to an imaginary plane of symmetry (61) of the center gap between the even symmetric excitation assembly.


This study was made on the changes of the Vickers hardness, the electric resistance, the differential dilatation and the thermal analysis in the artificial age-hardening of, , the 24S type super duralumin SD1 (Cu 4%, Mg 1.6%) and SD2 (Cu 3%, Mg 2.5%). The results can be summarized as follows:- The abnormal changes, observed at the dilatation curve and the thermal change in the ageing at a room temperature, are attributed to the migration of dissolved atoms prior to the precipitation. The abnormal phenomena, which were produced at about 250°C in the course of slow heating, have been assured to be resulted from the precipitation of compound S (or S and CuAl2). The precipitation of compound S and CuAl2 could not be separated to observe in this experiment.


Theoretical concepts pertaining to the marginal cost (MC) of the structural diversity of a forest stand are developed. A matrix growth model is estimated for mixed uneven-aged forest stands of hard maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) from southern Ontario. The estimated growth model is used to derive the MC equations for the Shannon and the Simpson indices of total structural diversity (TSD), species diversity (SD), and tree-size diversity (TD). The effects of exclusion and inclusion of the opportunity cost (OC) on the MC of the TSD are compared. The contributions of SD and TD to the MC of the TSD are disaggregated. The MCs of TSD, SD, and TD for the Shannon and the Simpson indices are iso-elastic. The elasticity of the MC of the TSD for the inclusion of OC is greater than the elasticity of MC of the TSD for the exclusion of OC. The elasticities of MC of TSD, SD, and TD for the Shannon index are greater than the elasticities of MC of TSD, SD, and TD, respectively, for the Simpson index. The elasticities of MC o...


Objective: The purpose of this study was to find the frequency of thumb pain and de Quervain's tenosynovitis in mobile phone users of Punjab, Pakistan.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional study conducted in different cities of Punjab, including Sargodha, Jauharabad, Sialkot, Bhakhar, Sahiwal and Faisalabad. Male and female mobile users between the ages of 25-50 were included in the study using convenient random sampling. Outcome measures were taken through a close ended questionnaire, VAS for pain intensity in thumb, and Finkelstein for presence of dequervain Tenosynovitis. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 20.
Results: Out of 500 people, 58.6% suffered from thumb pain while 41.4% were pain free. According to type of mobile, 64% people were using smart phone, 18% were using bar or keypad phones and 18% were using both type of phones.
Conclusion: Excessive use of text messaging on mobile phon, whether keypad or smart phone is directly related to thumb pain. Moreover, type of texting, quantity of messages per day and duration of mobile usage are also the factors in developing symptoms.


The schematic MATRESHKA arrangement is illustrated in Figure 1. The electron gun 1, vacuum pump, optical control and measuring systems are mounted with a feeding source in cylindrical metallic shield Seg (only a loading condenser C1 is shown). Around Seg the MATRESHKA's shields S25-S1 are mounted with high voltage sources (C25-C1) connected to these screens. Parts of the accelerating tube including the radial insulators 2, vacuum tubes 3, and focusing magnets 4, are mounted to them also. Screens are kept in a position needed by means of supporting insulators. The front doors 5 permit the operator to work with parts of the accelerating tube (wit hout high voltage!). Elements 6 (grouping device), 7 (UHF resonators), 8 (vacuum tube) and 9 (focusing winding) are parts of the UHF generator which is describing [1]. Parts 10, 11, and 12 are the MATRESHKA body. The bending magnet 10 analyses the MATRESHKA bunch and direct accelerated particles to corresponding lameles of energy analyser 11. Lameles 12 by means of the conductors 13 are connected to the screens S23-S1 and therefore have the corresponding potentials. Electrons catched by them without energy losses are directed in condensers C25C1. This energy recuperation system makes MATRESHKA a very efficient source of relativistic electron beams for the UHF generator. The MATRESHKA accelerator was developed for the UHF power excitation of many resonator systems [1] with moderate, for example 5 MW, level for each of them. If the number of resonators are 100, the complete power is 500 MW and with the efficiency 50%, MATRESHKA's beam power must be about 1000 MW. Electron beam can have such power with particle energy 5 MeV and current 200 A. If particles of the beam will have energy, for example, 10 MeV effects of the remainder radioactivity are dangerous. If higher currents are used, then losses of the particles will be higher. Returning now to a MATRESHKA arrangement, we shall choose a number of the screens and voltage between them. If voltage is 200 kV, then number of the screens are 25, and distance between screens is 600 mm (for operator passage and power sources installation), and horizontal dimension will be 15 m. On the other side 200 mm gap will be sufficient, and the whole width will be about 22 m. Then the vertical dimension will be 12 m. It is clear that creation of such a colossal installation can be realised only for an outstanding UHF generating system with continuous power gigawatt level. Our times is exactly time to solve like problem—the problem of gigawatt proton beams generation for nuclear transmutation and for nuclear energy stimulation [2,3]. The UHF feeding of the linear proton accelerators with power of the proton beam of gigawatt level is the problem of our days. But with such power level the MATRESHKA efficiency must be near to 100%. Only with energy recuperator is it possible to have such a situation [4]. On our schematic representation, the recuperator 11 is fulfilled in ordinary form of energy analyser, but the beam power is used in a nonordinary manner: It is involved in accelerating tube elements. It is to be short to say that this recuperation system was not proved experimentally and therefore it is needed to fulfill a corresponding work. On our schema the return conductors 13, connected to screens in parallel to power sources C1-C25, are shown in coaxial form (they are placed in vacuum for electrical securing). In our early publication [5], and in experiments, we considered a cascadet rectifier system, but now we prefer more efficient electrical alternators driven from outside by means of ceramics rollers. If the electrical alternator is combined with the transformer and r ctifier, then parallel conection of such sources with the recuperator conductors is no problem. Magnet 10 can be fulfilled with rotation to prevent a smelting the recuperatoa lameles. In conclusion, the shield system, accelerating tube and return conductors 13 must be done individually in cyclindrical form with the ledges on their screens parts. After involving the tube in screen system and turning coupling of system is achieved. After this operation it can be possible to remove a montage bars.


A method for displaying an image on a display panel including a plurality of pixels which are arranged in row and column calculates compensation data which compensates data using a row compensation value and a column compensation value. The row compensation value is calculated based on average brightness of pixels included a pixel row regarding a sampling gradation image in response to the pixel position of the received data. The column compensation value is calculated based on average brightness of pixels included a pixel column regarding the sampling gradation image. If the gradation of the received data is matched with the sampling gradation, a data compensation value is calculated by summing the row and column compensation values of the pixel position between compensation values of the sampling gradation. If the gradation of the received data is not matched with the sampling gradation, a first data compensation value is calculated by summing row and column compensation values of a high first sampling gradation which is similar to the gradation of the received data. In addition, a second data compensation value is calculated by summing row and column compensation values of a low second sampling gradation which is similar to the gradation of the received data. A data compensation value corresponding to the gradation of the received data is calculated using a linear interpolation algorithm of the first and second data compensation values.


An electroless plating pretreatment liquid used for copper clad laminates for flexible board whose initial adhesion strength between base material and copper plating layer in ordinary condition and adhesion strength exhibited in a thermal aging resistance test (in air at 1500C for 168 hr) are >= 0.4 kgf/cm; and a copper clad laminate for flexible board produced by the use of the electroless plating pretreatment liquid. There is provided an electroless plating pretreatment agent applied to a base material of copper clad laminate for flexible board, characterized in that a silane coupling agent having metal trapping capability and a thermosetting resin are contained therein. Further, there is provided a copper clad laminate for flexible board characterized in that it is produced by treating a base material with the above electroless plating pretreatment agent, thereafter forming a copper plating layer by electroless plating and superimposing thereon a copper plating layer by electroplating.


Marketing audit is responsible for supervising the quality of the whole marketing business. In order to improve the objectivity of the quality evaluation of marketing work, the results of marketing audit should be deeply excavated and analyzed. In order to ensure the effect of power audit better, a business identification model of power marketing audit based on K-means clustering and text classification is proposed. Firstly, collect marketing audit business information. The main idea of qualitative analysis of marketing work quality evaluation based on marketing results. Secondly, the construction process and application examples of qualitative analysis model of marketing quality are introduced in detail. The detection accuracy of this method is high, which improves the efficiency of marketing inspection. To provide a reference for the marketing inspector to carry out the quality evaluation of marketing work.


Background & Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common Neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. There are several surgical procedures for advanced PD, but amongst all deep brain stimulation has proven to be safest and effective. The objective of this study was to see the outcome of DBS for the treatment of PD in terms of improvement in MDS UPDRS over 5 years. Material and Methods: 44 patients were included in study from Oct 2014 to Sep 2019. History, examination was carried out, and preoperative MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) was recorded. Postoperative improvement in MDS-UPDRS score was assessed at first Programming, 2 week, and 6th week and at 3 month. Results: At baseline the mean, the MDS – UPDRS (Part-I) score was 14.20 ± 0.61 and at the end of 3 month, the mean score was 11.18 ± 0.47 respectively. At baseline the mean, the MDS – UPDRS (part-II) score was 18.99 ± 0.70 and at the end of 3 month, the mean score was 13.01 ± 0.57, respectively. At baseline the mean, the MDS – UPDRS (part-III) score was 45.19 ± 0.90 and at the end of 3 month, the mean score was 25.15 ± 1.20 respectively. At baseline the mean, the MDS – UPDRS (part-IV) score was 10.18 ± 0.87 and at the end of 3 month, the mean score was 3.85 ± 1.03, respectively. One patient developed post-operative ICH (intracerebral hemorrhage), which resolved after 1 month. Conclusion: The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is safe and effective in the management of PD.


Two perspectives on the division of labor are compared: human ecology and world system theory. It is argued that in addition to the traditional ecological variables, the internal division of labor of nations is influenced by their position in the world‐system division of labor. Using ordinary least‐squares regression with cross‐sectional data, support is found for the hypothesis that the internal division of labor in a country is related to its position in the world system.


Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) thin films were prepared by the sol-gel dip coating technique, in combination with annealing at different temperatures in air atmosphere, with the final goal of studying the water wettability of the surface. The annealing effects on the structural and optical properties of the ZrO2 films were investigated to check the characteristics of the material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of ZrO2 annealed at 450 °C and 550 °C show the formation of tetragonal phase, with layers constituted by nanoparticles with average particle size of 21 nm and 25 nm, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra revealed the presence of vibrational modes associated to ZrO2. Photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) spectroscopy was used for optical properties. All deposited ZrO2 thin films presented a high optical transparency, with an average transmittance above 70% in the visible range (400–700 nm). The hydrophilic properties of ZrO2 films were characterized by means of the measurements of the contact angle. When the sample was annealed at 550 °C, the hydrophilicity reached the best behavior, which was explained as an effect of the structural and morphological change of the films.


In this study, we proposed a segmentation method of major vessels on X-ray coronary angiography using fully convolutional networks based on U-Net architecture. A novel loss function pGD was introduced by adding a term for penalizing false negative and false positive to generalized dice coefficient (GD). DenseNet121 with pGD achieved the highest average DSC of 91.9±8.7%, precision of 91.3±8.8%, and recall of 92.6±9.6%, respectively and showed improved segmentation performance compared to GD.


We have remeasured the intensity of the anomalously strong 105–000 band in HCN using long‐path length absorption and a cw dye laser. Our initial measurement of this intensity using calibrated intracavity photoacoustic spectroscopy was challenged by a low‐resolution photoacoustic spectrum which gave a ratio of intensity of the 105–000 to the 006–000 band that was close to the ratio of 1.5 predicted by theory. Our present result of 16.7 cm/mol, is 20% larger than our earlier result, yielding an intensity ratio of the 105–000 to the 006–000 of 7, which increases the disagreement with theory.


Abstract Cross-sectional investigation on 2928 samples consisting of 1503 males and 1425 females was carried out on the Scheduled Tribes, namely Minas, Bhils, Sahariyas, Garasias, Damors and Kathodis of Rajasthan. Samples were collected belonging to age group 8 to 18 and were classified into yearly intervals. Information regarding the nutritional status was based on 24 hours recall method. Weights and volumes of foods were taken for each individual. The total daily nutrient intake for the individual was calculated using the food composition tables for the Indian foods. Consumption of most of the healthy and protective foods is lacking in the present study populations. Cereals is the staple food which is also lacking along with pulses, animal proteins, fats and green leafy vegetables which results in lower intake of nutrients. It is seen that the present study tribal groups are below the recommended values for all the major nutrients indicating a high prevalence of malnourishment, with males showing somewhat better position than the females of the present study.


Local strain rate at a crack tip of a cracked cylindrical specimen was calculated as a function of the global strain rate externally applied to the specimen ends. The results demonstrate that local strain rate increased with time (as the load increased and the plastic zone spread), even when the global strain rate remained constant, as in the case of an externally applied constant displacement rate. In axisymmetric specimens, the crack tip strain rate increased quasilinearly as straining proceeded, whereas in the plane strain specimens the relationship between local and global strain rate was almost constant when a certain strain level was reached. The application of these results to stress corrosion testing is discussed.


The harmonic balance method is a technique for the numerical solution of nonlinear analog circuits operating in a periodic, or quasi-periodic, steady-state regime. The method can be used to efficiently derive the continuous-wave response of numerous nonlinear microwave components including amplifiers, mixers, and oscillators. Its efficiency derives from imposing a predetermined steady-state form for the circuit response onto the nonlinear equations representing the network, and solving for the set of unknown coefficients in the response equation. Its attractiveness for nonlinear microwave applications results from its speed and ability to simply represent the dispersive, distributed elements that are common at high frequencies.

The last decade has seen the development and application of harmonic balance techniques to model analog circuits, particularly microwave circuits. The first part of this article reviewed the fundamental achievements made during this time. In this part, the extension of the method to quasi-periodic regimes, optimization analysis, oscillator analysis, studies of various convergence strategies, and practical applications are discussed. A critical assessment of the various types of harmonic balance techniques is given. Examples of designs which have been modeled using the harmonic balance technique and built both in hybrid and MMIC form are presented.


The first percutaneous injection of bone cement into the spine was performed in 1984 by Dr. H. Deramond (Amiens, France) to treat a 54 year old woman with extreme pain caused by a haemangioma in the second cervical vertebra. Surprisingly, pain relief was complete. After the case was published, indications for percutaneous vertebroplasty quickly expanded to include treatment of chronic back pain caused by metastases and osteoporotic fracture. Since then, many case series (Without randomization) have indicated that vertebroplasty is an effective way to control the pain of vertebral compression fracture caused by osteoporosis (figure 1). Educational Objectives in this presentation: • To show the new randomized double blind multicentre studies • Discuss the utility of vertebroplasty to treat osteoporosis • Identify ideal candidates for Vertebroplasty • Discuss the future of vertebroplasty • In our department we tried since the beginning (1995) of the Vertebroplasty procedure in our hospital to start with a double blind multicentre randomized study. VERTOS I. 1 In this study 34 patients were randomized (18 Vertebroplasty-16 CT (conservative therapy)) recent osteoporotic fracture 6w-6m. with bone marrow oedema on Mirth patients improvement in the vertebroplasty group was fairly consistent so that all the patient of the other group went in crossover after 2 weeks (14/16 from CT to V ).The follow up was 2 weeks and the VAS pain score 8,2 +/–1,21 → 2,1 +/– 1,91(1week) • This small randomized trial showed that vertebroplasty reduced disability and improved quality of life at 2 weeks compared with non-surgical treatment, but the crossovers preclude long-term comparisons. • The results are fairly consistent, and in a new large review of 534 patients, improvement in pain and disability persisted throughout one years of follow-up. Unfortunately we lost the most of the patient during our follow–up. After one Year we could review 124 patient in comparison with the conservative treated patient (128 – 89 p). • The Non-Randomized Review of osteoporotic fracture treatments • (n= 534 → 124 patients with osteoporosis T score: –2,5 equal in both groups(1995-2008) 76% VP/ 24% CMT(128 → 89).Age > 40–85Y.68% Lumbar spine. 32%. Thoracic spine. 89% women / 11 % Men. 475 women 73,4Y – 58.men 78,3y. Average 24d fracture (Type A1–3.1) equal in both groups.1,3 fracture/p with bone oedema. Treatment for Local back pain 6 weeks or less. Bone marrow oedema (MRI).


Intro : With increasing number of pEHRs, health apps, medical sensors and patient-controlled tools appearing on the marked, there is a need for more tailored and coordinated use of health-related data from these kinds of tools. However, EHR systems are not yet equipped to receive and structure this data according to clinicians' needs, especially for chronic illnesses, which often require coordination of many health fields. The Full Flow project (Norwegian Research Council-funded project# 247974/O70) uses diabetes as use case to test the combination of patient-gathered data, the expertise of the primary and secondary medical systems, and data structuring formats. The aim is to create a platform through which data can be transferred and used to improve patients' health outcomes. Description of proposed solution : pEHR systems: With mobile devices now offering a way for individuals to monitor and reflect on their health state, such systems are becoming an individual's always-available self-management aid. These systems enable the patients to 1) access and analyze their own data at any time, 2) control the evolution of their disease by reflecting on their data and managing their health habits according to the goals co-defined by themselves and their health providers, and 3) choose the set of equipment and systems that best suits their disease management. While there is the potential for clinicians to participate in the conversations and decisions related to a patient's health situations recorded by these tools, the technological bridge is currently missing. Interoperability: This bridge can be illustrated by using the Open Electronic Health Record approach: implementing semantic and functional interoperability. Semantic interoperability allows different systems to exchange data in a standard and structured way, by interpreting information meaningfully. Functional interoperability allows users to read medical information based on their needs. Together, these form the foundation for multidirectional flow of data via a universal and intelligent decision-support system for patients, clinicians and medical operational workflow. Being part of the National Editorial Group for Archetypes (NRUA) in Norway, the Full Flow will design archetypes and templates to ensure the interoperability between all actors. Smart agents meet smart actions: Smart agents can be designed to send the correct medical information to the correct point in the care workflow, forming an autonomous decision-making system handling patients' data. This will ensure that relevant health data is known at the point of care by all actors in order to tailor the services given to the patient. The smart agents could also be configured to suggest goals or alarms according to a patient's current or impending situation (decision support). Discussion/conclusion: Together, pEHR systems, the bridge of translational and interoperable functions, and medical knowledge from traditional medical protocols, have the potential to enable better healthcare services to be provided to patients, and a better understanding on how patient-gathered data can affect the medical decision-making processes. The Full Flow project explores the possibilities and effects of integrating and sharing self-gathered diabetes measurements for a full flow of data within the medical sector as well as the effects this will have on patients' motivation and self-management, see Figure 1. Figure 1: Illustration of the project's flow of data, building on the patient tools, EHR systems and use of smart agents. Using the openEHR approach with archetypes and templates will ensure the interoperability between components, clinical workers and patients.


Case Report Caroli's disease is a very rare congenital disorder, characterized by segmental cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. It is called Caroli syndrome when liver fibrosis or cirrhosis coexists, and is often associated with cystic kidney disease including autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). We report a case of Caroli syndrome in a 19-year-old patient; under conservative treatment for polycystic kidney disease since the age of 10; revealed by atypical chronic pain of the right hypochondrium and which the diagnosis was made by Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealing findings compatible with Caroli syndrome.


The Sidney De Haan Research Centre for Arts and Health published an overview of evidence that group singing can benefit people with Parkinson's disease (PD).


The ubiquitin proteasomal system and autophagic pathway are two main protein degradation systems in eukaryotic cells. Inhibition of the proteasomal system with proteasome inhibitors for cancer treatment can cause neurotoxic side effects. In this study, we investigated neurotoxic side effects of bortezomib (BTZ) and carfilzomib (CFZ) in a human neuronal cell model. Inhibition of proteasome with BTZ upregulated autophagy receptor protein p62 level. BTZ caused reduced mitochondrial mass per cell in a greater extent than CFZ. BTZ caused more clustering of mitochondria than CFZ. In conclusion, mitochondrial toxicity and autophagic upregulation with BTZ may be the reason for more severe neurotoxic profile than CFZ.


This text supersedes General Recommendations No. 100 of 25 October 1974 of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare on the same subject. It consists of the following sections: 1) background, 2) birth control and abortion in Sweden, 3) organization of abortion care, 4) observation/follow-up before and after abortion, 5) late abortions, and 6) measures to prevent abortion.


ABSTRACT The heat distribution and branched-chain thermal criticality for a combustible exothermic reaction is examined in this study. The reactive diffusion occurs in a cylinder with pre-exponential variable factor, and the ambient heat exchange is less than the system heat exchange. With material consumption, the reaction is stimulated by initiation rate, branched-chain steps, generalized Arrhenius reaction rate, and molecular diffusion. The mathematical model of this reaction results in a highly nonlinear ordinary differential equation with boundary conditions at the cylinder surface. An approximate solution to the transformed dimensionless nonlinear equation is provided using Collocation Weighted Residual Method (CWRM) and compared with numerical method. The results for the temperature distribution and criticality for dependent parameters are presented graphically. The results from this study will assist in understanding the correlation between the thermal/ignition branched-chain and traditional theory of thermal explosion.


RNA tertiary structure prediction approaches can be divided into two groups: de novo methods and template-based modeling. De novo are applicable only for small molecules while in case of medium and large size RNA molecules, template-based modeling needs to be employed. While this type of modeling is quite common in protein structure prediction field, there exist only very few tools for template-based RNA structure prediction. Therefore, we present a methodology for prediction of RNA three dimensional structure (target) utilizing a known structure of a related RNA molecule (template). First, the target and template sequences are aligned. Next, sequentially similar regions in the alignment are identified and corresponding substructures are transferred from template to target. The remaining parts of the target structures are predicted using an external tool. This phase includes treatment of indels and valid linking of the transferred and predicted portions of the target structure. Our proposed method is able to predict even large ribosomal RNA structures when sufficiently similar template is available. The experiments have shown that the main impact on the quality of prediction has the sequence similarity of the template and target and number of indels. For structures with size of hundreds of nucleotides with sequence similarity with template over 50% and ratio of indels up to 50% the method is able to generate target structures up to ten RMSD with respect to the reference structure.


Recognising the existence of the 'other' perspectives of a given situation results in improved understanding of the emergent properties of a system. This paper builds on a theoretical stance outlined in a paper at the INCOSE International Symposium in 2001 by providing an example of the application of a technique, Genetic Algorithms, which can assist in avoiding some of the biases introduced and incorrect assumptions made by everyone when solving a problem. The paper does not cover the details of the technique, concentrating instead on the use of the technique to solve a scheduling problem. A full description of the prototype solution is given and a brief overview of the differences between that prototype and the final version is provided.


The nutritive compounds of the onion are influenced by genetic as well environmental factors. Due to its shallow poorly-developed root system, onion has a lo w p tential of using nutrients from soil. Usually min eral fertilisation increasing the yield and change the chemical composition in vegetables, and it is t he chemical composition which determines the nutritive valu e of onion. Over 2003–2006 at Korytowo, about 30 km away from Bydgoszcz, northwards, 2-factor field exper im nts were set up in 'split-plot', in three reps. T he aim of the study has been to determine the effect o f the nitrogen rate (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N·ha ) on the content of dry matter, vitamin C and monosaccharides a nd total sugar in onion of two cultivars: Kutnowska and Efekt. Increasing nitrogen fertilisation has re ulted in a decrease in the content of dry matter i n the bulbs of the onions under study. The 'Kutnowska' sho wed a higher content of total sugar and, at the same time, a lower content of monosaccharides than 'Efekt '. 'Efekt' reacted with an increase in the content o f vitamin C and monosaccharides as affected by higher f ertilisation rates. A different reaction was noted in 'Kutnowska'. The lower the dry matter content in onio n bulbs – the greater content of total sugars and l ess content of monosaccharides.


This paper presents a solar-powered Partial Resonant Inverter (PRI) interfaced with an asymmetrical cascaded nine-level inverter. The DC input of the proposed system is obtained using Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) panel. The input DC sources fed to the asymmetrical cascaded nine-level inverter are in the ratio of 1:3. The step modulated nine-level inverter works with a precalculated switching angle for a fixed modulation of 0.7. Compared to the conventional 50 Hz inverter and the multi-output transformer design, the proposed system is more compact because of the high-frequency AC link. The PRI ensures Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and reduces the switching losses. The proposed scheme has been validated in the MATLAB/ SIMULINK environment and an experimental prototype is built in the laboratory. Based on the investigations the Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) method gives superior performance when compared to the Optimal Harmonic Stepped Modulation (OHSM) method. From the results and comparative analysis, the proposed system uses fewer switches to obtain the nine-level output, uses the PRI setup with the multioutput transformer to make the design compact and improves the power quality of the system.


Objectives Rural veterans with inflammatory arthritis (IA) lack medical access because of geographic barriers. Telemedicine (TM) holds great promise in relieving these disparities. We have prospectively measured patient-centered data surrounding a TM care program at a federal health system and compared these with usual care (UC). Methods Veterans with previously established IA were enrolled in TM follow-up. Data collected longitudinally before and after entering the program included Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID-3), out-of-pocket visit costs and distances traveled, and patient satisfaction instruments. Demographics were recorded. Similar data were collected on a convenience sample of concurrent IA patients receiving UC. Results Eighty-five patients were observed, including 25 receiving TM care and 60 receiving UC. No differences in demographics, satisfaction scores, or RAPID-3 were noted at baseline between groups. Univariate linear regression of cross-sectional baseline data suggests satisfaction instrument scores were predicted by RAPID-3 (&bgr; = −0.64/10 points, p = 0.01), as well as distance (&bgr; = −0.19/100 miles, p = 0.02) and cost (&bgr; = −0.37/$100, p = 0.05). A multivariate model indicates both distance (&bgr; = −0.17/100 miles, p = 0.02) and RAPID-3 (&bgr; = −0.47/10 points, p < 0.03) were predictors for visit satisfaction. In longitudinal follow-up via TM, satisfaction (&Dgr; = 0.03, p = 0.94) and RAPID-3 (&Dgr; = 0.27, p = 0.89) remained similar to baseline among TM patients, whereas distance traveled (&Dgr; = −384.8 miles/visit, p < 0.01) and visit costs (&Dgr; = −$113.8/visit, p < 0.01) were reduced. Conclusions Patient-reported outcomes for care delivered via TM were similar to UC, with significant cost and distance savings. Patient-centered factors such as distance to care should be considered in design care delivery models, as they appear to drive patient satisfaction in conjunction with disease control.


A new porous silicon (PSi) microcavity sensor for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was developed. PSi microcavity sensor exhibiting unique reflectivity was successfully obtained by an electrochemical etching of silicon wafer. When PSi was fabricated into a structure consisting of two high reflectivity muktilayer mirrors separated by an active layer, a microcavity was formed. This PSi microcavity is very sensitive structures. Reflection spectrum of PSi microcavity indicated that the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) was of 10 nm and much narrower than that of fluorescent organic molecules or quantum dot. The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using PSi microcavity was achieved. When the vapor of VOCs condensed in the nanopores, the refractive indices of entire particle increased. When PSi microcavity was exposed to acetone, ether, and toluene, PSi microcavity in reflectivity was red shifted by 28 nm, 33 nm, and 20 nm for 2 sec, respectively.


The coherent variations of annual snow accumulation rate and dust deposition over 60 years are recorded in an ice core drilled at 6530m asl(meters above sea level) on the Chongce ice cap,located in the West Kunlun Mts.south of the Taklimakan Desert in China.These records were investigated in the context of both the dust transport pathways from the source region and of climatic changes in this arid environment.The factors relating the dust transport from the source to sink area were taken into account to ascertain the integration of these factors on the precipitation-forming process at high elevations.Results indicate that:1)dust is predominant among aerosols in precipitation at high altitude;2)the dust aerosol population may be more instrumental than the vapor supply in the formation of precipitation at such altitudes;3)compared to low-elevation glaciers,the accumulation of snow on high mountain glaciers seems to be more sensitive to changes in the concentration of air burden dust particulates,which are closely related to the climatic variations around the desert region;and 4)under the current climate conditions surrounding the desert region,the decreasing trend in snow accumulation,in concert with the decrease in dust deposition that has occurred over the past several decades,might continue.This effect on snow accumulation at high altitudes may explain one of the potential elements responsible for the longer-term glacial variation,i.e.the glacial retreat that has lasted for decades in Middle Asia.


The replacement of fossil fuels by renewable fuels such as biogas and biohydrogen will require efficient and economically competitive process technologies together with new kinds of biomass. A two-stage system for biogas production has several advantages over the widely used one-stage continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). However, it has not yet been widely implemented on a large scale. Biohydrogen can be produced in the anaerobic two-stage system. It is considered to be a useful fuel for the future due to its high energy density and clean combustion with the emission of only water vapour. Anaerobic digestion can be used to treat wastewater and for energy production, leading to a reduction in eutrophication and greenhouse gases. The material remaining after treatment can also be used as a fertiliser as long as certain standards are met. The production of biogas and biohydrogen from a range of land and marine biomasses was studied in this work. The reduction of the heavy metal content of seaweed was also studied in order to improve fertiliser quality.

Two-stage, dry anaerobic digestion of mussels, reeds, seaweed, solid cow manure, and a mixture of seaweed and manure was studied. The system consisted of a leach bed reactor for hydrolysis and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for methane production. The results showed that mussels with shells, seaweed, and the seaweed and manure mixture were efficiently digested in the two-stage system; 68 to 83% of the methane being produced in the UASB reactor. The manure by itself, and reeds, which are slowly degradable, were efficiently digested in the one-stage dry leach bed process, in which most of the biogas was produced. Seaweed and manure can also be co-digested in the one-stage dry digestion process, since methano¬genic conditions prevailed in the leach bed reactor, thus reducing the cost of operating two biogas reactors. Technically, both the new feedstocks and the one- and two-stage dry anaerobic systems have great potential for biogas production. However, economic evaluations are needed to validate practical applicability.

The removal of heavy metals from seaweed hydrolysate was studied in the two-stage system. The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn were adsorbed using iminodiacetic acid Cryogel® carriers. However, removal of the heavy metals resulted in low methane yields, possibly due to the removal of micro¬nutrients needed for anaerobic digestion. It is therefore suggested that the metals be removed after methane production in a UASB reactor. Alkaline and autoclave post-treatment of the seaweed digestate resulted in 86% organic matter solubilisation and the leachate may be treated in a UASB reactor, providing a means of handling digestate with high heavy metal content. Co-digestion of leachates from the leach bed reactor and the post-treatment resulted in a high methane yield, 0.34 l/gVSadded in a batch test. Subsequent treatment of the leachate from the leach bed reactor resulted in a high methane productivity at a loading rate of 20.6 g COD/l.day in a UASB reactor. Treatment of the seaweed leachate in the UASB reactor resulted in a stable process without the need for additional nutrients or buffer. As the seaweed leachate was rich in nutrients and buffer capacity, its co-digestion with wheat straw hydrolysate in the UASB reactor resulted in a stable process.

Biohydrogen and biogas were co-produced from wheat straw hydrolysate in a two-stage system consisting of a CSTR and a UASB reactor, employing the thermophile, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus in the first H2 reactor. Straw hydrolysate was efficiently produced by acid-catalysed steam and enzyme pretreatment, giving a 95% sugar yield of the theoretical yield. High biofuel production rates of 1.8 to 3.5 l H2/l.day and 2.6 to 4.0 l CH4/l.day were obtained under stable operational conditions and treatment efficiencies. However, the cost of nutrient supplementation was high, and cheaper nutrient sources will be required to make the production cost economically competitive.

This research has demonstrated the versatility of a two-stage system that allowed the digestion of new kinds of biomass such as seaweed with sand, mussels with shells, reeds, manure and wheat straw. It has also been shown to be possible to remove heavy metal from seaweed to improve fertiliser quality. High hydrogen and methane production rates were also demonstrated, and the two-stage anaerobic system is thus, technically, a promising reactor configuration for the production of biofuels.


Continuous queries over data streams have gained popularity as the breadth of possible applications, ranging from network monitoring to online pattern discovery, have increased. Joining of streams is a fundamental issue that must be resolved to enable complex queries over multiple streams. However, as streams can represent potentially infinite data, it is infeasible to have full join evaluations as is the case with traditional databases. Joins in a stream environment are thus evaluated not over entire streams, but on specific windows defined on the streams. In this talk, we present windowed implementations of the traditional nested loops and hash join algorithms. The talk will be followed by a brief presentation on ongoing work on sensors by Michael Librodo.


Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a difficult issue for both patients and physicians alike. Complexities surrounding the human sexual experience, including interpersonal relationships and sexual preferences, often make evaluation complex. Physicians tend to treat patients as isolated individuals while focusing exclusively on the restoration of erectile function. However, intimacy is typically much more complex and truly a couple's issue.


Increasing significance of functional languages could be observed in programming and software development. Many new tools and development frameworks starting to provide in standard structural and object oriented environment also new functional style of programming or even turning all programming paradigm to functional style. Many simulation programs especially for computer simulation of electronics devices as SPICE simulator, were developed more than 30 years ago. It is clear that continue in development is very almost not possible and it is very difficult to fulfill customer requirements. This paper makes a brief introduction to basic of this problem and it proposes new principles for developing new modern simulator of electronics circuit and devices. Main part presents new ordering techniques for sparse matrices systems which are given by modified nodal analysis. The comparison of performance of standard matrix storages and novel sparse matrix ordering techniques is summarized at the end of this article. It is demonstrated on LU factorization and also on several types of solvers of nonlinear equations. Article includes definition of two basic devices in functional language: simple diode and voltage source.


Blackbirds cause extensive damage to newly planted and ripening rice. To date there is not a registered bird repellent for reducing this damage. We evaluated Flight ControlK, a 50'' anthraquinone product, as a potential repellent to blackbirds in cagc and field tests in Louisiana. In one- and no-choice cage tests, brown-headed cowbird and red-winged blackbird consumption of 2%) Flight controlR treated ricc seed was significantly reduced. In a subsequent field tcst. 2% Flight controlR was effective in reducing blackbird damage (P = 0.001 ) to newly planted ricc seed. Chemical residues at 7 days post-planting averaged 0.66% anthraquinone. Further field testing is warranted. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.


A Top-k aggregate query, which is a powerful technique when dealing with large quantity of data, ranks groups of tuples by their aggregate values and returns k groups with the highest aggregate values. However, compared to Top-k in traditional databases, queries over uncertain database are more complicated because of the existence of exponential possible worlds. As a powerful semantic of Top-k in uncertain database, Global Top-k return k highest-ranked tuples according to their probabilities of being in the Top-k answers in possible worlds. We propose a x-tuple based method to process Global Top-k aggregate queries in uncertain database. Our method has two levels, group state generation and G-x-Top-k query processing. In the former level, group states, which satisfy the properties of x-tuple, are generated one after the other according to their aggregate values, while in the latter level, dynamic programming based Global x-tuple Top-k query processing are employed to return the answers. Comprehensive experiments on different data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.


A 33-year-old Korean woman presented with widespread, ivory-colored, flat papules on her face. She had suffered toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) due to amoxicillin or acetaminophen, involving 50% or more of her total body surface area, including the whole face, six years before (June 2007). She had been treated with systemic corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins during two months. Three months after she had recovered from TEN (November 2007), a few ivory-colored flat papules developed on [...]


Summary Operational efficiency is a key element in marine seismic, and contractors is predominately selected on a cost per acreage evaluation and sometimes resource availability. Adequate data quality is a prerequisite, and in some cases enhanced with a specific request to meet certain survey parameters, e.g. wide azimuth, depth rating and 4D-capability. However, and less frequent, the risk related complexity seems to be addressed, nor the responsiveness or flexibility in a seismic mobilization. The autonomous drop-node - Oceanid™ presented in this paper is addressing some of these issues, mitigating the cumulative consequences of downtime, and potentially eliminate complex coordination and interdependencies. The conservative view of believed safety in deploying multiple vessels is challenged with a hybrid solution, combining the source- and receiver crew on a single vessel, or adding modules if a scale-up is needed. Although most OBNs is fit for purpose this separate seismic payload is planted firmly and vertically into the seabed, accurately and repeatedly with low frequency geophones and eventually mechanically de-coupled from the main body of the drone. If successful, the overall system presented may prove disruptive.


The transmission through wireless channel suffers from many challenges due to the multipath effect that causes Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) problem. Multicarrier modulation (MCM) is proposed as solution to overcome the ISI. This paper presents the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based multicarrier modulation as alternative platform of conventional OFDM in which there is no need for cyclic prefix overhead due to the overlapping nature of DWT. Simulation based analysis will be used to simulate the two multicarrier systems, DWT with 'haar' mother based multicarrier STBC-MIMO system (The term multicarrier refers OFDM), in which information is conveyed with an STBC matrix that is transmitted from combinations of the transmit antennas of the corresponding MIMO system, and the conventional STBC-MIMO under the scenario of having multiple antennas system, with MQAM and MPSK as two modulation schemes in Rayleigh fading channel. Based on the bit error rate performance and the transmission capacity, the DWT based multicarrier system was found to be superior compared with the conventional OFDM system. Index Terms: OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), STBC (Space Time Block Code), MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output), M-QAM (��-ary quadrature amplitude modulation), M-PSK (��-ary phase shift keying)


In this article, I analyze the reading practices advocated by Dom Duarte of Portugal in his Leal conselheiro, taking as a starting point their inclusion in a contemporary translation of John Cassian's Conferences. I argue that Duarte's theory of will, explained earlier in the Leal conselheiro and drawn largely from Cassian, underlies the rejection of "fixed intentions" in his hermeneutics. For both Duarte and Cassian, correct interpretation requires that the conflict between spirit and flesh in the will take place, but Duarte's perfect will is subjected to reason, whereas Cassian's is subjected to grace. From here, I argue that Duarte's privileging of experience in moral pedagogy both ties him to ascetic thought and distances him from it. Duarte's reliance on personal and familial exemplarity and avoidance of fictional exempla is modeled on what Douglas Burton-Christie has called the "desert hermeneutic," in which experience (praxis) and interpretation form a constructive circle, and his adaptation of the desert ideal provides his moral pedagogy with a complex spiritual psychology. His exaltation of reason, however, roots both his ethics and his hermeneutics firmly in the palace, not the monastery.


Traditional natural materials (mainly granite and quartz) are usually used as aggregates for the manufacture of concrete products and structures. This raw material is tested, reliable and does not cause destruction during operation of structures. However, it is exhaustive and characterized by high cost. That is why it is advisable to consider the use of reactive (active) aggregates. Especially if you consider ways to eliminate alkaline corrosion. The development of alkaline concrete compositions with the use of active aggregates is the key to expanding the raw material base for the manufacture of building materials with a reduction in production costs compared to products based on traditional systems. The use of active mineral additives allows to reduce the content of free alkalis in the system, preventing the alkaline corrosion of hardened artificial stone. Simultaneously. the processes of interaction of the active siliceous component with alkalis in the cement system can be transferred from the category of destructive (such as destroying the structure of hardened stone) in constructive processes (binding these components into insoluble compounds during hydration and cement formation, without breaking its fixed structure and sealing material). Studies have shown the high efficiency of the proposed approaches for the binding of excess alkalis (more than 0.6%) and targeted synthesis of alkaline aluminosilicate-type tumors in the composition of artificial cement stone. At the same time, the issue of extending the results to control the formation of structures at different levels of concrete with the use of general construction cements requires further research, and the issue of stopping alkaline corrosion of hardened concrete has not been raised and is innovative from the point of view of domestic and world science.


After the destructive earthquakes,the rapid acquisition of earthquake disaster information is very important for earthquake emergency and rescue work. With the help of "three nets and one person" system,by using the mobile terminal technology,wireless communication technology,GIS technology,GPS technology,the paper builds the Sichuan earthquake disaster rapid reporting system based on PDA. This paper introduces in detail the structure,technical route and main functions,and discusses the key technology of hazard information classification and offline map. The system achieves a rapid reporting within two hours after the earthquake,and effectively shortens the "disaster information black-box" stage in the 4.20 Lushan strong earthquake. It provides some experience and demonstration for the construction of similar systems.


Perspective on Human Rights: Manuela Paraipan Modern political conflict: Simona Gabriela Sinzianu Nations and Nationalism: Costica Dumbrava Relations Between European Countries with countries from Central and Eastern Europe: Salomeea Romanescu The role of cross-border cooperation in light of Romania's integration into the European Union: Timea Csetnek No. pg. 177


The Bohr's inequality, first introduced by Harald Bohr in 1914, deals with finding the largest radius r, 0 < r < 1, such that ∑n=0∞| an |rn≤1 holds whenever | ∑n=0∞anzn |≤1 in the open unit disk U = {z ∈ ℂ : |z| < 1} of the complex plane. In this article we develop Bohr's inequality for the class of complex-valued harmonic mappings from open unit disk to a convex wedge domain.


Mucoactive drugs are commonly used in  the treatment of  respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis  (CB) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in which hypercrinia is one of the main clinical features. Erdostein is one of the most commonly used mucoactive agents for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Erdostein is a drug approved for the treatment of acute and chronic lung diseases, originally developed as a mucolytic agent. It belongs to a family of thiol-based drugs, which, in  addition to mucolytic action, also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and exhibit antibacterial activity against various types of bacteria. Erdosteine is a prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite M1 (MET 1), which has mucolytic properties. Experimental studies have confirmed that erdosteine prevents or reduces damage to lung tissue caused by oxidative stress, and also regulates the production of reactive oxygen species. The RESTORE study, the only study that examined the effect of a thiol-based drug in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with frequent exacerbations, confirmed that erdosteine significantly reduces the risk of acute exacerbations of COPD, reduces their duration, and also reduces the risk of hospitalization for COPD. The preventive effect of erdosteine against exacerbations of COPD was not affected by the presence or absence of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or the number of eosinophils in the blood. Recent studies on the pharmacological effects of erdosteine have shown promising results, which paves the way for the use of additional pharmacological effects of erdosteine as promising therapeutic strategies in patients with pulmonary diseases.


The present study conducted on epiphytic algae from four host macrophytes (Phragmites australisTrinex, Typha domengensis Pers, Ceratophyllum demersum L., and Potamogeton pectinatus L.) in restoring marshes of Mesopotamian marshes, southern Iraq. The study was carried in Al- Hawizah marshes. Three classes, nine orders, twenty three genera and thirty-four species of epiphytic algae were described in the studied restoration marshes.


Librarians are finding it increasingly difficult to acquire and to make available to their users the full range of information in print form that they require. Electronic information products and services are appearing at a rapidly increasing rate. Users find them attractive and, when available, use them more heavily than print sources. Consequently, librarians in response to the demands of users, and overwhelmed by the problems posed by print publications, are attempting to make electronic sources available. This paper describes the nature of the problems posed by print publications and trends involving the use of electronic documents in libraries. It discusses the progress made toward introducing electronic documents as alternatives, and complements, to print collections. It also describes a study that the IFLA Information Technology Section is undertaking to assess how rapidly libraries are adopting alternatives to locally held, print sources.


This paper analyzes a recent household survey for Ecuador to assess the role of the non-agricultural rural sector in reducing poverty. The rural non-agricultural sector in Ecuador accounts for roughly 40% of rural incomes. Nearly 40% of men and 50% of economically active women are employed in this sector. The sector represents an important route out of poverty--poverty declines as the share of total income from nonagricultural sources rises. Non-agricultural employment and earnings are positively associated with higher education levels and better access to infrastructural services. While women are more likely to be employed in this sector than are men, their earnings for given education levels and other household characteristics are significantly lower. All other things equal, the greatest income gains among the poor could be expected from an expansion of employment opportunities in commerce related activities, transport, and services such as administration and the hotel/restaurant trade.


Objective To observe the effects of Shenqi Compound Recipe on the expression of NF-ΚBmRNA in kidney tissue of GK rats and its possible mechanisms.Methods 40 GK rats,RBG≥11.1mmol·L-1,were randomly divided into Ramipril group,Shenqi Compound Recipe high dose group,Shenqi Compound Recipe low dose group,and model group.10 normal SD rats were set in control group.After the rats were administered for 8 weeks,the expression of NF-ΚBmRNA from right kidney tissue were determined.Results The expression of NF-ΚBmRNA in the kidney tissue of the Shenqi Compound Recipe high dose group decreased,showing statistical significance compared with the model group(P0.05).Conclusion The Shenqi Compound Recipe high dose can inhibit the expression of NF-кBmRNA,which may be one of the mechanisms in preventing DN.


Failure of the main argument for the use of heavy tailed distribution in Finance is given. More precisely, one cannot observe so many outliers for Cauchy or for symmetric stable distributions as we have in reality. keywords:outliers; financial indexes; heavy tails; Cauchy distribution; stable distributions


The unexpected formation of a precipitate of barium nitrate when barium carbonate or barium phosphate is treated with dilute nitric acid.


A 500-ton double-absorption Hitachi Paraflow chiller-heater that switches from purchased steam to natural gas will reduce a Manhattan office building's energy costs by 55% and achieve a two-year payback. The new system replaces a steam-powered, single-stage absorption chiller. By reusing heat in a second-stage generator, the Hitachi unit uses only half as many Btus per ton as a conventional chiller. (DCK)


Redvine [Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners], a member of the buckwheat family, is distributed in the United States from Florida to Texas, and north to Kentucky, Missouri, and Oklahoma (6). Redvine is a perennial weed that is difficult to control and predominates on low-lying clay soils. The weed is common in the Mississippi Delta. In a 1984 Mississippi Delta survey, redvine was the most frequent of six perennial weeds, occupying more than 1% area in 43% of cotton and 31% of soybean fields (1).


241 tions offered. The changing global con text, with an ever increasing recognition of the rights of people experiencing acute psychosocial distress, also challenges the status quo. We would echo the authors' conclusion that new approaches need to be devel oped, evaluated and implemented, and we would suggest that rightsbased, recov eryoriented approaches should inform any increase in the range, and improved access and quality of, acute psychiatric care. Coproduction with people with lived experience and their support networks is likely to best facilitate this change.


Research on aging characteristics of epoxy resin(EP) under repetitive microsecond pulses is important for the design of insulating materials in high power apparatus.It is because that very fast transient overvoltage always occurs in a power system,which causes flashover and is one of the main factors causing aging effects of EP materials.Therefore,it is essential to obtain a better understanding of the aging effect on an EP surface resulting from flashover.In this work,aging effects on an EP surface were investigated by surface flashover discharge under repetitive microsecond pulses in atmospheric pressure.The investigations of parameters such as the surface micro-morphology and chemical composition of the insulation material under different degrees of aging were conducted with the aid of measurement methods such as atomic force microscopy(AFM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Results showed that with the accumulation of aging energy on the material surface,the particles formed on the material surface increased both in number and size,leading to the growth of surface roughness and a reduction in the water contact angle; the surface also became more absorbent.Furthermore,in the aging process,the molecular chains of EP on the surface were broken,resulting in oxidation and carbonisation.


Rekhachitra is a Hindi book written by Mahadevi Verma. This book falls under Biography & Autobiography / Personal Memoirs genre.Buy Rekhachitra book on iMusti


Abstracb This paper presents the fabrication of Ta Superconducting Tunnel Junction detector working at 0.2 K to be used for photon counting instruments in astronomical applications. We would like to operate this type of detectors up to 2.5 pm with a moderate energy resolution in order to offer innovative instrumental perspectives to the astronomical community. The Ta junction fabrication and characterization as well as photon counting experiments in the near-infrared are presented. Fabrication process improvements are discussed at the end of this paper.


This work presents a control design method to determine the parameters of a proportional integral (PI) compensator satisfying desired specifications on the gain and phase margins or, alternatively, an upper bound on the sensitivity transfer function, for an uncertain plant. The process under consideration can be modeled by a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model having interval parametric uncertainty, therefore a set of plants is considered. The proposed approach is based on the translation of the desired specifications into the compensator parameter space, obtaining in such a way a feasible region where design specifications are met for each of the plant considered. This feasible region is obtained by using a fractional-order system which is representative of the uncertain plant, instead of using each plant belonging to the set. To conclude, an example is given to illustrate the proposed method, this example is motivated from a real process.


In this talk, we discuss our recent theoretical and experimental efforts in the context of non-Hermitian phenomena and parity-time symmetry, as well as in the exploration of exceptional points. In particular, we discuss our work in enabling parity-time symmetry, phase transitions and asymmetric transmission resonances based on temporal modulations, virtual excitations in the complex frequency domain and using evanescent fields. In addition, I will discuss our experimental work in observing these phenomena in a table-top fiber optics experiment using Brillouin scattering. Our results show that it is possible to observe the unusual scattering features associated with parity-time symmetry without the need for carefully controlled material gain distributions.


Antitrust exemption and regulation of operational agreement depends on comprehensive understanding of operational agreement,including the definition,history,classification,regulation in major shipping countries, content,antimonopoly issues.Based upon analysis of the above,relevant measures of China's regulation system of operational agreement are put forward.


email@example.com Abstract The study aimed to encapsulate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) with the selected prebiotic, using co-extrusion technology with a poly-L-lysine (PLL) coating and evaluate probiotic survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Selection of ideal prebiotic was conducted using inulin, fructo-oligosaccharide (FDS) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (OMD) and its optimal concentration to be incorporated in microencapsulation was determined. Microcapsules without coating (S 1 : no prebiotic and S 3 : with prebiotic) and with coating (S 2 : no prebiotic and S 4 : with prebiotic) produced were evaluated based on its physical properties and survival in simulated gastrointestinal environment. The OMD with a concentration of 3.0% (w/v) was selected due to its best effect in promoting growth of LGG after 24 h (8.63±0.07 log CFU/mL). The morphology analysis revealed that all microcapsules produced were spherical with a diameter ranging from 491.3 to 541.7 µm and microencapsulation efficiency ranged from 84.16 ±5.30% to 90.56±3.33%. The incorporation of OMD and coating with PLL improved the survival of LGG by 3% up to 52% after 2 h of incubation in simulated gastric digestion. Among all formulations, PLL coated microcapsules added with OMD was the most effective in protecting LGG during the first hour of simulated gastric digestion (6.52 log CFU/mL) with cell viability greater than the minimum recommended level of 10 6


We prove the decomposition conjecture of Leclerc and Thibon for the Schur algebra. We also give a new approach to the Lusztig conjecture for the dimension of the simple U(sl_k)-modules at roots of unity via canonical bases of the Hall algebra.


From the Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Received December 21, 2009; accepted December 27, 2009; electronically published February 15, 2010. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31:327-329 2010 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved. 0899-823X/2010/3104-0002$15.00. DOI: 10.1086/651092 Catheter-acquired urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. The rate of acquisition of new infection is 3%–7% per day while the indwelling urinary catheter remains in place. More than 80% of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections are catheter associated, and 12%–16% of patients who are admitted to acute care hospitals have an indwelling catheter placed at some time during hospitalization. In addition, approximately 5% of longterm care facility residents have voiding managed with a chronic indwelling catheter. However, morbidity or mortality with catheter use is modest, compared with other deviceassociated infections. Infection with an indwelling urethral catheter is overwhelmingly asymptomatic. Symptomatic infection is uncommon, and the severe manifestation of bacteremia attributable to CAUTI is reported in prospective studies for less than 1% of patients with catheters and less than 5% of patients with CAUTI. Costs directly attributable to CAUTI are also modest and are estimated to average only $589 per infection. Despite these considerations, the intensity of urinary catheter use in healthcare settings means that the cumulative contribution of CAUTI to the burden of hospitalacquired infections is substantial. In addition, there are adverse effects of indwelling urethral catheters beyond infection. Trauma and inflammation from the catheter or complications from patient immobility are other patient-specific adverse effects, and urine drainage bags are a reservoir for drugresistant bacteria in the healthcare environment. In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed guidelines for the prevention of CAUTI. Now, in 2010, almost 30 years later, the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) has updated these guidelines. For many of us, the interval from publication of the initial guideline to this first revision spans the greater part of a professional career. Even more extraordinary, the 1981 guideline did not simply fade away as it was eclipsed by time but continued to be a reference for appropriate practice. It is only recently that alternate guidelines addressing CAUTI have been developed, such as the Department of Health of Great Britain guidelines published in 2001 and updated in 2007 and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals published in 2008. Why has there been such an extraordinary lapse of time before this revision? Limited substantive change in practices to prevent CAUTI during the past 3 decades meant there was never any urgent need to update the document, because the initial guidelines were never incorrect. This is, itself, a distressing observation. In an interval of 30 years during which there has been intense interest and continuing progress in addressing hospital-acquired infections, one would have hoped for some meaningful advances in the prevention of CAUTI. A second likely explanation for the delayed revision is that CAUTI has been considered a relatively unimportant hospital-acquired infection. Morbidity with symptomatic urinary infection is uncommon relative to the intensity of urinary catheter use, and attributable mortality is rare, compared with the attributable mortality of other device-related infections, such as central-line bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The landmark Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control by Haley et al, published in the 1980s, was important in encouraging this perspective. This study reported that nosocomial urinary infection could be decreased by 31%–41% with an intense infection control program and would achieve the greatest absolute number of infections potentially prevented, compared with programs to prevent surgical wound, lower respiratory, or bloodstream infections. However, the mean extra length of stay was only 2 days for symptomatic urinary infection and 0.4 days for asymptomatic infection, compared with 5.2 days for lower respiratory infection, 7.4 days for bloodstream infection, and 7.7 days for surgical wound infection. With the introduction of surveillance by objective, CAUTI became the most dispensable component. Why are the guidelines updated now? The revision itself


Fakultas Agama Islam UMM e-mail : email@example.com ABSTRACT Trends in buying and selling using the Internet media that commonly called e-commerce is now so flourishing like a fungus in the rainy season. In global, deal with the perpetrators of these ways -either as sellers or buyers- is also involved many among the Muslims. So to provide the legal foundation of this reality, must be examine a fiqhiyah (Islamic jurisprudence) studies to become the basis of normative philosophical and practical for those who want to pursue the transaction. In general the actual concept of e-commerce, ie buying and selling goods orders have been known and practiced during the early generations of Islam, his name is Bai 'as-Salam . So this study presents a descriptive analitif of correlation between the two concepts. Generally, between e-commerce and bai 'al-salam has similarities as well as fundamental differences. Among these differences is the legal basis used between the two concepts, that may affect whether or not a commodity to be offered. As for some other differences such as how to quote, or how to clarify the object of transactions, or how the technical payments, and how to delivery and acceptance, was not a fundamental difference, but more because of age differences that affect the implementation of the technical differences alone. Like offering was described in direcly (face to face) between buyers and sellers, now enough with the display of storefront catalog that contains products and services to be provided, so the prospective buyers can get complete information. Kata-kata Kunci : Hukum Islam, fiqih mu'amalah, e-commerce, bai' as-salam , jul beli Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-qformat:yes;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
 mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}


Huicheng Basin is the door to Sichuan area since the old times for its extremely important geographic location.It has superior natural conditions and is abundant in water resources,and led great importance by rulers of the past dynasties.In the Qing Dynasty,the agricultural exploitation of Huicheng Basin has taken on some new characteristics.The immigration from outside,as well as the planting and spreading of new crops,made a new stage of agricultural exploitation of Huicheng Basin,concerning its extent and depth.The investigation of experiences and lessons gained in the process has essential use for conference to today's exploitation of Huicheng Basin.


According to one aspect, a method of forming a contact on the silicide layer (214) located in a semiconductor die, each side wall of the contact hole (208) (206, 207), and, located at the bottom of the contact hole (208) the native oxide layer (210) which comprises the step of depositing a barrier layer (202), each side wall (206, 207) is formed by the contact hole of the insulating layer (204). Each side wall of the contact hole (208) (206, 207), and, in (150) depositing a barrier layer (202) on the oxide layer (210), a barrier layer (202) thickness, the contact hole ( top of 208), may be optimized so as to be thicker than the bottom of the contact hole (208). According to this embodiment, a method comprising the step of exposing the barrier layer portion of (202) (219) and contact holes (208) oxide layer located in the bottom portion (210) to remove the silicide layer (214) It is provided.


The three-dimensional solid model of a turbo expander rotor system,supported by active magnetic bearing (AMB),is established by using ANSYS software.And the correct finite element model built with some appropriate methods is used for modal analysis.The modeling method of the AMB and their effect on the rotor system are explored.A set of measured controller parameters combined with the calculation method for the actual structure and stiffness-damping of the AMB are used to calculate the stiffness and damping coefficients of the AMB.By using these as input parameters,the first eight critical speeds and mode shapes of the rotor system are obtained through ANSYS modal analysis.Each of the first six critical speeds is far lower than the operating speed of the system,corresponding to the vibration modes of torsion,axial translation and rigid swing respectively.The other two critical speeds are close to the operating speed of the system,corresponding to the 1st bending vibration.The calculation results show that the rotor cannot run stably at the scheduled operating speed under the existing structure and parameter conditions,and the design needs improving.It is known from the analysis of the calculation result that the axial active magnetic bearing has certain effect on the dynamic characteristics of the rotor and it should not be ignored in some cases.The theoretical calculation results are basically in accordance with the experimental results.This research provides a theoretical basis for the rotor system design.The ideas and methods can be used as a reference for the study of dynamic characteristics of similar systems.


In modern physics the notion of structure can be treated as an extension of the notion of law of nature. French and Ladyman's view concerning the ontological priority of structures over objects is confronted with Psillos' criticism. This kind of view agrees with the paradigmatic case where the structure is an internal symmetry and the instantiations are elementary particles. An ontological model is proposed which demonstrates the relation between structures and their instantiations in this case. This view which may be categorized as "weak ontic structuralism" is compared with Busch's treatment of ontic structuralism in the philosophy of mathematics.