Objective To introduce a new effective operative method to correct inverted nipples. Methods An areola actinoid incision in lateral areola was designed to loose the base of papilla before being fastened, then double purse ring suture was performed to repair and reconstruct the inverted nipple. Results Twelve cases of inverted nipples were followed up postoperatively from 1~48 months and almost all of them achieved satisfactory efficacies. Both horizontal and vertical length, height and the appearance of the corrected nipples were improved apparently. Conclusion This technique not only is easy and simple, but also has the strong points such as microincision, reliable effect and few complications etc.


The implementation of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) on the settlement of accident cases in the Kutai Kartanegara Regency area is the main step for the Kutai Kartanegara Traffic Police to handle the accident case. Therefore, in this study will further study the role of Kutai Kartanegara Traffic Police to the implementation of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) and solve accident cases. This research is an empirical juridical law study. Through a sociological juridical research approach. The research location is located in the Police Satlantas Kutai Kartanegara Regency, types and sources using primary data and secondary data, techniques obtained data obtained through primary data collection techniques by interview while secondary data collection techniques obtained from literature studies.


Zinc oxide nanostructures (ZnO NSs) have been extensively studied because of their many applications in different fields. In this study, an attempt has effectively been made for the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures by using fast and environment-friendly microplasma electrochemical technique. The prepared nanostructures were examined in terms of their morphological, optical, structural, electrical, and compositional properties by using different characterization techniques. Results demonstrated that the highly crystalline ZnO nanostructures were produced with a single hexagonal (wurtzite structure) phase. Results also indicated the crystallite size increases with increasing precursor concentration. The optical band gap of ZnO is found to decrease (from 3.48eV to 3.40 eV) with increasing crystallite size. I-V characteristics of ZnO are measured by two probe technique which shows semiconducting behavior of prepared ZnO. The antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanostructures were also investigated. It was observed that the degradation efficiency of zinc oxide photocatalyst increases with the irradiation time. About 85% of Rhd B dye was degraded by ZnO after 120 min at a rate of 0.01339 min−1 under direct sunlight irradiation. The antibacterial activity of ZnO was carried out against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, by using the diffusion well method. Higher antibacterial activities were observed against gram-negative bacteria as well as for a higher concentration of ZnO. This study will be helpful to synthesize low-cost and effective materials to remove microorganisms and toxic industrial organic dyes which is a serious threat to terrestrial and aquatic life.


Man proposes but God disposes? In discussion with Adrio Konig's eschatological, covenantal doctrine of providence In this article the author attempts to describe and evaluate Adrio Konig's new draft on the providence of God. In the first place the author gives a description of what Konig rejects: a deterministic approach to providence as found in the thoughts of Calvin and Arminius. This overview is followed by an exposition of what Konig recommends: an eschatological, covenantal explanation of God's providence. In the last section an attempt is made to evaluate Konig's proposal – an evaluation in which both appreciation as well as criticism is expressed. It is very clear that this new proposal of Konig will precipitate an intense theological debate.


Batik is already familiar to Indonesian citizens because it has become one of Indonesia's cultural heritages, increasing productivity from batik production is one of the advantages if it can improve the health of batik craftsmen. Batik is a job that has a high risk of strickenlow back pain.Low back pain is a disorder or injury to the muscles, bones and spinal cord. Core stability, movements that can reduce low back pain and interventions ergonomic, adjust the correct position of the body by giving the appropriate chair an intervention that will be used to reduce complaints of low back pain. The purpose of this research isto the aim of this study was the effect ofcore stability and interventions ergonomic to reduce low back pain in workers batik Laweyan. The research method used is experimental study using a quasi-experimental approach, two groups with pre-test and post-test design. Respondents were divided into two groups, the first group was given core stability and intervention ergonomic, while the second group was given only core stability. Data analysis using test Shapiro Wilk Test normality statistics, the effect of wilcoxon and different testthe influence of the man whitney. Result the study based on the results of the influence test statistics performed on the first group and the second group stated that the two groups affected the decrease in low back pain with a value of p 0.05).


Cutting area made available to inspection management system is based on design rules and logging Updated Linkou County Forestry Bureau in Heilongjiang Province,the specific circumstances,using Visual FoxPro database management language design is made to complete the cutting area outside the industry,data processing,calculation and statistical reports within the industry Print.To standardize management of forest resources,control the source of the purpose of consumption.


Wireless communications have become an essential component of modern factory operations. Compared with wired communications, wireless communications can flexibly adapt to physical layout changes and movement of machines and human operators. However, wireless communications are more susceptible to influences from the surrounding environment, interference from other wireless systems and changes in signal strength due to changes in the physical environment. This requires the development of smarter communication systems that can guarantee the reliability of wireless links. In particular, the reliability of wireless links for time-sensitive communications is an important issue. This paper examines a scenario with mixed traffic of video and digital assembly tool in a factory which results in congestion where they merge at a wireless link, with increase in latency due to long waits in the wireless transmission queue. A method for traffic control at a bridge before the wireless link is proposed that balances packet delivery time (PDT) for the video streams and a new measure of block delivery time (BDT) for the digital tools. Analysis and simulations are used to show that traffic shaping with adjustable transmission weights can be effective for tuning the tradeoff between PDT of video streams and BDT of tool data. An example is presented that achieves 75% reduction of PDT for video packets to 5ms while keeping the BDT of tool data below 150ms.


Chemical exergy is equal to the maximum amount of work obtainable when the substance is brought from the environmental state to the dead state by a process involving heat transfer and exchange of substances only with the environment. As it is well known the iron and steel industry is the largest industrial energy consumer. After the employee costs, energy costs (about 30% of the total) represent the second highest cost element in integrated steel works. In this study, the chemical exergy potential in an electric arc furnace (EAF) is calculated and these potentials are distributed depending on production materials, emphasizing the chemical exergy concept.


The invention discloses a generation method of a trace sequence for a key-value storage device and relates to the field of computer networks, storage devices and program design. Existing datasets are mostly used for natural language processing and law analyzing (such as weather) in specific fields, and almost no trace dataset is used for studying the performances of the storage system. A network datagram has a similar law with a request sequence of the key-value storage system. According to the trace generation method, based on a trace file of a pcap format of a network packet, five tuples in the network packet are used as the basis of a key, and put and get sequences are constructed according to the emerging sequence of the packet. The trace generation method is applicable to the performance test of the key-value system.


IN 1959 Dr. W. H. Drury, Jr., Director of the Hatheway School of Conservation Education at Drumlin Farm, invited me to come to Massachusetts to carry out some ornithological investigations in behalf of the Massachusetts Audubon Society. The Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus) was chosen for this study because it is easy to watch and because it would be possible to compare its biology with that of European tits, which I have studied for many years (Kluyver, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1957; Kluyver and Tinbergen, 1953). Both European deciduous and coniferous woods are inhabited by tits (Parus species), and each species has a typical habitat. One species, the Great Tit (Parus major), although mainly adapted to deciduous woods, will also inhabit pine woods, where insects suitable for its food (in spring mainly caterpillars, as these larvae are large enough for feeding nestlings) are relatively scarce. Moreover, in European pine woods the Great Tit meets serious food competition from other species of tits, whose methods of hunting insects are better adapted to pine-wood conditions. Pine wood is, therefore, a marginal habitat for this species, with reproduction being lower and mortality higher than in deciduous woods. Because it is the only species of Parus in eastern Massachusetts, the Black-capped Chickadee does not meet with any competition from allied species and lives in both types of wood. Natural mixed woods probably are its favorite habitat, where it hunts insects in both broadleaved trees and pines. It nests, at least in Massachusetts, primarily in dead birches. From my European experience I expected deciduous woods to contain more preferred food insects (both species and individuals) than pine. The object of my study was to investigate if and to what extent some of the factors that control population densityespecially reproduction and nestling mortality-are influenced by the availability of caterpillars and other food resources. Moreover, I wanted to study details of nest building and breeding biology, as well as dispersal of adults and young in the postreproductive season.


The human
 inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis,
 are chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract with largely
 unknown etiology. There is evidence that the pathogenesis of these diseases
 involves complex interactions among genetic, immunological and environmental
 factors. A valuable experimental model of IBD for the analysis of genetic
 factors is the peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS)-induced rat model of
 chronic granulomatous enterocolitis. In this model, inbred rat strains
 exhibit differential responses to injection of PG-PS polymers into the gut
 wall. LEW rats develop chronic enterocolitis and extraintestinal
 manifestations of hepatitis and arthritis, which are also known in human IBD,
 whereas F344 rats fail to develop chronic enterocolitis or systemic
 manifestations.
 The aim
 of this study was to identify chromosomal locations of genes that determine
 susceptibility to chronic enterocolitis and arthritis in this model system. For
 this purpose, 168 rats of a segregating (LEW x F344)F2-population were
 injected intramurally at seven different locations of the gut with PG-PS
 polymers extracted from group A streptococci. The phenotype of enterocolitis
 was determined by evaluating disease-related parameters such as gross gut
 score, liver weight, number of liver granulomas, white blood cell count and
 hematocrit 24 days after injection. Based on these correlating parameters an
 overall inflammatory score was assigned. As measurement of arthritis the
 change of rear ankle joint diameters was determined 17, 21 and 24 days after
 injection. Genotyping of F2 rats consisted of a genome-wide screen using 95
 polymorphic microsatellite markers and was performed in two steps. Initially,
 a subset comprising 24% of the F2 rats with the highest overall inflammatory
 score and the 10% with the lowest overall inflammatory score were genotyped
 using all 95 markers. Similarly, a subset comprising 21% of the F2 rats with
 the highest arthritis values and the 10% with the lowest arthritis values
 were genotyped. In a second step, the remaining F2 rats were genotyped with
 those markers (n = 36) that showed evidence for linkage to any of the disease
 phenotypes. Linkage analysis was performed by using c 2 analysis, interval mapping and
 Kruskal-Wallis test. Linkage
 analysis revealed that susceptibility to PG-PS-induced chronic inflammation
 is under complex multigenic control. Interestingly, the quantitative trait
 loci (QTLs) regulating enterocolitis and correlated disease parameters (liver
 weight, liver granulomas, leukocytosis, anemia) are largely different from
 those determining arthritis in this model system. Interval mapping and
 Kruskal-Wallis test on the entire F2 data revealed significant linkages of
 the markers/marker intervals D8Arb6 - D8Rat156, D17Rat8
 - D17Rat151 and D17Rat151 - D17Rat65 to enterocolitis
 and/or enterocolitis-correlated parameters. Significant linkages to arthritis
 were observed for markers/marker intervals D7Rat99 - D7Rat4, D10Rat26
 - D10Rat26 and D17Rat151. These findings indicate that genes
 modulating enterocolitis are localized on rat chromosomes 8 and 17 (near the
 above-mentioned markers), whereas genes modulating arthritis are localized on
 rat chromosomes 7, 10 and 17. The susceptibility alleles were contributed by
 the LEW genome. It remains to be determined if there is a common QTL controlling
 susceptibility to enterocolitis and to arthritis on chromosome 17.
 With
 regard to the genetic dissection of human IBD, the results of this study
 suggest stratification of study populations in consideration of
 extraintestinal manifestations. Future studies in the rat should focus on
 fine mapping of the QTLs indicated and on identification of candidate genes. Subsequently,
 homologous regions and candidate genes can be explored for their relevance to
 human IBD and associated arthritis.


In contemporary reform era political parties in Indonesia facing many problems. The public image of political party was not good due to their lack of capabilities to function well. This functional problem derived from the institutional problem of political parties. In this paper, there are three crucial institutional problems that have to be solved by political party: 1) ideology and platform; 2) cohesivity and conflict management; and 3) political recruitment and forming of cadres.


The spatial gradient in near-surface ozone (O3) is controlled by its production, sink, and net transport (advection/convection and diffusive) in the atmosphere. In this work, we used continuous long-term measurements of O3, oxides of nitrogen (NOx = NO + NO2), and meteorological data in the suburban location of Shadnagar, India. Data analyses were performed to investigate the governing processes that control O3 variability on diurnal and seasonal time scales. The role of chemistry in O3 variability, including both formation and destruction processes, was investigated using known chemical kinetics and a radiative transfer model. The residual between observations and chemical estimation was further analyzed to examine the role of transport and unresolved processes/uncertainty in the dataset. The O3 residual was duly validated using model reanalysis data of O3 and meteorological parameters to further estimate the O3 transport. Our analyses show that the average net production and net transport of near-surface O3 are 3.18 and 0.87 ppbv/h, respectively, while horizontal advection is 0.01 ppbv/h in the daytime. The production of ozone was found to be dominant, indicating the influx of ozone at the site. Overall, our results highlight that spatio-temporal variability in near-surface ozone is strongly controlled by net production in Shadnagar and may be applicable in similar environments globally.


The general and legislative background to HE trading companies in the UK is outlined. The optimum company structure is described and the advantages to the host institution and the customer are detailed. The article also touches on some of the tax issues raised by HE trading companies.


The global urbanisation rate had increased rapidly from just 30% in 1950 to 55% in 2018, and it is projected to reach 68% by 2050. This ongoing urbanisation shows the importance of building resilient economies in dealing with complex external financial and public health shocks and disturbances. Although most growing cities are beginning to demonstrate dedication to integrating sustainable development goals, building economic resilience in cities remains a significant challenge. During the past crises, stronger economies have shown an apparent ability to recover from shocks relatively quickly. Nonetheless, the severe COVID-19 recession has unmasked superficial evidence of economic resilience while also identifying underlying vulnerabilities and economic weak-spots. Accordingly, this paper focuses on resilience as a non-equilibrium property of urban economic structures. Focusing on two tropical cities, the paper explores sources of volatility transmission as indicators of urbanisation change, by utilising orthogonal impulseresponse (OIR) functions based upon the Cholesky decomposition. The findings suggest a metropolitan disadvantage concerning urban economic resilience predominantly from shocks on sources of urbanisation. JEL classification numbers: P25, O4, Q56,


The study of the binding state of water in organic or mineral compounds is important to understand the dehydration mechanisms in macromolecular films or the setting and hardening of cement pastes. A sensitive method for measuring microwave dielectric absorption of samples was used in order to determine the free water content or the binding forces of water molecules when the water content is constant.


Suggestions and predictions of hypotheses (especially those of the "starvation hypothesis") concerning reversed sexual size dimorphism of birds of prey were tested using field data collected in western Finland. Early breeding species in two communities of birds of prey were more dimorphic in weight than late-breeding ones. The degree of weight dimorphism between mates in 20 pairs of Tengmalm's Owl correlated negatively with the timing of egg-laying, while the wing length of males correlated positively with the laying date of their partners. Clutch size and number of young produced decreased with degree of weight dimorphism within owl pairs. Data from Finnish owls did not support the hypothesis that the need to defend the nest has caused the evolution of larger females, but partly agreed with the "starvation hypothesis", which states that selection acts on owl females to withstand food shortage in the breeding season. It seems that female Tengmalm's Owls chose light, shortwinged males because of their aerial agility; these males probably competed more efficiently for good territories and nest-holes and also hunted more effectively and economically. Because of their aerial agility, owl males tended to catch more birds and less mammals than did females. This niche separation may reduce intersexual competition for food and select for the high degree of size dimorphism.


The problems posed by the synthesis and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have inhibited progress in the field. In this article, we review the methods avaulable for measuring the purity of SWNTs and the current status of processes designed to purify them.We emphasize the hierarchy of the purification steps that must be developed in order to obtaun high-quality material suitable for the full range of advanced applications that are envisioned for the ultimate carbon nanofiber.We review two strategies for SWNT purification, the assessment of SWNT purity by use of near-IR spectroscopy and its application to the thermal oxidation of thin films of SWNTs, as well as recent advances in the separation of metallic and semiconducting SWNTs. While substantial progress has been made in the purification and separation of SWNTs, we note the need for quality control and quality assurance within the industry. Much work remauns before pure SWNTs of specific lengths, diameters, and chirality can be made avaulable for applications.


A new kind of organic compound, α,α' Bis[p (dimethylamino) phenyl] p cresol methacrylate, was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TGA-DTA and EA. It's m.p. is 100-102 ℃ and it's structure was proved by 1H-NMR and EA. It's copolymer with ethyl acrylate was also synthesized by radical copolymerization, which was characterized by UV-Vis. A series of it's coplymers with methyl methacrylate were also synthesized by radical copolymerization. Then, the glass transition temperatures and thermal stability of the copolymers were determined by DSC and TGA. The hydrolysis properties of the copolymers were also studied and the results showed that the hydrolytic rate is very low.


Drawing on the existing literature on national saving and investment we attempt to identify and empirically analyze the main drivers of Greece's current account position in recent decades and, especially, in the years following the euro adoption. Our results seem to provide broad-based support to the key findings of a number of earlier empirical studies on the determinants of Greece's current account position. More specifically, the significant deterioration in the country's current account position in recent years can be attributed to, among others: (i) accumulated loss of economic competitiveness against main trade-partner economies; (ii) pronounced fiscal policy relaxation following the euro adoption; (iii) the completion of domestic financial sector liberalization in the mid-90s and enhanced financial deepening post the country's euro area entry. To assess the capacity of the new EU-IMF economic adjustment programme to stabilize Greece's external position, we utilize our estimated econometric models to produce out-of-sample forecasts for the evolution of the current account in 2012-2016. Specifically, we examine a number of alternative scenarios encompassing varying degrees of policy-adjustment and success rates in implementing the agreed reforms. Assuming a broadly satisfactory pace of programme implementation, we forecast a steady improvement in the country's current account position in the years ahead. This is deemed to be an important prerequisite for stabilizing and gradually starting to reduce Greece's external debt, from what currently appear to be unsustainable levels.


A chemosensor is a molecular device designed to detect a specific molecule or class of molecules.1a,b Research in this field is poised for considerable advances in the coming years with the advent of diverse methods for analyte detection and new developments in the field of molecular recognition. To date, the most common signal transduction schemes utilize optical or electrical methods.1c Fluorescence is a highly sensitive optical transduction method, and analyte binding events that produce an attenuation, enhancement, or wavelength shift in the emission can be used to produce a functional sensor.1d Changes in absorption spectra, while less sensitive, have also been extensively used.1e Redox processes are widely used in electrical-based transduction methods, and typical systems function in either potentiometric or amperometric modes.1f Conductometric detection schemes based on SnO2, conducting polymers,1h and phthalocyanines1i have also been investigated. As shown in Scheme 1, a chemosensor is composed of two functional elements, a receptor and a reporter group, which need not be separate in identity. When the equilibrium between the analyte and receptor is rapid, sensors can be produced that provide a real-time response, which continuously varies with the concentration of the analyte. The detection sensitivity is determined by both the ability to measure the transduction event and the association constant of the receptor-analyte complex. As a result, when pursuing higher sensitivity one may seek instrumentation improvements and/or endeavor to increase the magnitude of the association constant of the receptor-analyte complex. The standard approach to higher association constants is to design highly preorganized receptors that do not pay a high entropic penalty for complexation. The downside of this approach is that preorganization and high association constants generally result in slow dissociation kinetics. A molecular chemosensor with slow kinetics or an irreversible response cannot yield a reversible real-time response. Molecular systems displaying irreversible or slow behavior are nonetheless useful, but are properly called dosimeters or indicators. Methods may be developed to allow irreversible systems to function in a sensory device. For example, the device can be "reset" by chemical, electrochemical, photochemical, or physical events. These processes can cause the analyte to dissociate from the receptor or can result in the replacement of the indicator (chemosensor) molecules. Such approaches have the disadvantage of introducing additional complexity into the sensor devices. This Account describes an approach to enhancing the sensitivity of chemosensors in effect by "wiring chemosensory molecules in series" (Scheme 2). Recent work from my research laboratory has shown that this molecular wire approach provides a universal method by which to obtain signal amplification relative to single molecule systems. I will use the term molecular wire interchangeably with conducting polymer. For the sake of clarity, some representative conducting polymers are shown in Scheme 3. These materials are insulators in their neutral (undoped) Timothy M. Swager is a native of Montana and received a B.S. from Montana State University in 1983 and a Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1988. After a postdoctoral fellowship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1988-1990), he began his independent academic career at The University of Pennsylvania and was promoted to Professor in 1996. He is currently a Professor of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His interests in supramolecular chemistry include the design of electronic polymers, sensors, and liquid crystals, molecular recognition, and catalysis. Scheme 1


The study develops the displacement error recovery method in a mesh free environment for the finite element solution employing the radial point interpolation (RPI) technique. The RPI technique uses the radial basis functions (RBF), along with polynomials basis functions to interpolate the displacement fields in a node patch and recovers the error in displacement field. The global and local errors are quantified in both energy and L2 norms from the post-processed displacement field. The RPI technique considers multi-quadrics/gaussian/thin plate splint RBF in combination with linear basis function for displacement error recovery analysis. The elastic plate examples are analyzed to demonstrate the error convergence and effectivity of the RPI displacement recovery procedures employing mesh free and mesh dependent patches. The performance of a RPI-based error estimators is also compared with the mesh dependent least square based error estimator. The triangular and quadrilateral elements are used for the discretization of plates domains. It is verified that RBF with their shape parameters, choice of elements, and errors norms influence considerably on the RPI-based displacement error recovery of finite element solution. The numerical results show that the mesh free RPI-based displacement recovery technique is more effective and achieve target accuracy in adaptive analysis with the smaller number of elements as compared to mesh dependent RPI and mesh dependent least square. It is also concluded that proposed mesh free recovery technique may prove to be most suitable for error recovery and adaptive analysis of problems dealing with large domain changes and domain discontinuities.


In this letter we propose a scheme of entanglement concentration via entanglement swapping in the quantum dot (QD) plus double-sided cavity system with the help of an input photon. With our scheme, bipartite maximally entangled states among two spatially separated particles can be generated without direct interaction and initial entanglement. Moreover, four-particle maximally entangled states can be created too. Contrary to previous work investigating entanglement concentration in QD systems, the non-maximally entangled state to be concentrated can be unknown for us; furthermore, the complicated Bell-state measurement of entanglement swapping is replaced by single-photon detection, which will greatly reduce the realisation complexity of the current scheme.


To make polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) accessible to mainstream applications, the true composition ratio of scattering mechanisms within a radar backscatter must be accurately identified. To validate polarimetric SAR decomposition techniques, a novel multiparametric SAR observation combined with a theoretical model simulation has been applied to rice paddies having simple vegetation structure on smooth and flat surfaces, where the surface scattering was small. In this article, cabbage fields in Miura city in Japan were selected as outdoor-grown vegetables, so the effect of exposed ground surfaces must be taken into account. In combination with the multiparametric SAR observation, a dominant scattering mechanism is reliably isolated through the theoretical characterization of the data by a discrete scatterer model (DSM). Suppressing unnecessary effects by row structures of the crop field, the volume scattering from cabbage leaves is identified as a dominant scattering mechanism over most incidence angles. On the other hand, the surface scattering is dominant for copolarizations only at small incidence angles. The analysis also indicates the possibility that greater soil moisture could be kept by roots of mature cabbages. To demonstrate the validation of polarimetric decomposition by the results, a popular three-component decomposition was applied to the observation. Differences between the decomposition and the simulation results were analytically explained by features of the backscatter from cabbage fields. Model-based polarimetric decompositions shall be improved through this approach.


I HECE!VED U\WRENCf; BERK~UEY LABORhTORY I LBL-85096, .2. FEB 2619'lQ LlBRARY Al'm DOCUMENTS SECTION I (i t? I r ,(II '. .--\-j .. v\ MASS TRANSFER CONTROLLED REACTIONS IN PACKED BEDS AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS Peter S. Fedkiw (Ph. D. thesis) . December 1978 Prepared for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-.48 TWO-WEEK LOAN COpy This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrDwed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Diuision, Ext. 6782


SDD6 diesel locomotives to Namibia and Angola are developed by Qingdao Sifang Locomotive Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.specially for market in Southern Africa.The development process,main structural features and technical parameters of the locomotives are described.


The rapid development of Green Infrastructure as an approach to planning has enabled landscape practitioners to implement a range of projects utilising its principles. Discussions though exist examining what Green Infrastructure is, how it should be planned, and whether it can be identified as only those elements of the landscape that are green. A further element of this argument examines the use of water within this process. Therefore, as planners, we can ask: can we tell a green field from a cold steel rail? Both may have a green or sustainable function with only the visual appearance differing. Debates, however, focus on practitioner selectivity of the interpretation of "green" infrastructure planning exploring whether physical landscape characteristics or the function of an investment is the main focus of discussion. Using the grey–green continuum developed by Davies et al. [2006. Green infrastructure planning guide project: Final report. Annfield Plain: NECF], this paper examines whether geographical differences exist in the application of the Green Infrastructure and examine how practitioners use the ambiguity of Green Infrastructure planning to guide investment. Drawing on academic and practitioner literature provides this paper with a balance of conceptual and process-based assessments evaluations of global Green Infrastructure focusing on the design and implementation of terrestrial and marine resources. This paper also examines whether the dominant landscape planning framework in each region could be considered contradictory to the wider application of Green Infrastructure principles.


This paper presents a transient engine model and results of dynamic simulation of a small turbojet engine. Mathematical models of engine components are established based on the 1 dimensional unsteady conservation equations with steady state off-design characteristics. Models for a gas generator and a controller are slightly modified from those proposed in the previous study and a propelling nozzle model is newly added for aeroengine simulation. With the above proposed model, transient behavior of a small turbojet engine is simulated and they are compared to real operation data for validation of the model and the developed program.


Etnopharmacological relevance. Infusions of Herniaria hirsuta L. , Herniaria glabra L. and Herniaria fontanesii J.Gay are well known in Moroccon folk medicine for the treatment of biliary dyskinesia, (uro)lithiasis or as a diuretic. Herniariae Herba which can contain H. glabra and H. hirsuta is known in Europe as an urological drug. Aim of the study . To investigate the efficacy of a standardized infusion of Herniaria hirsuta against choleltihiasis, and evaluation of its genotoxicity. Methods and materials. An analytical HPLC-UV method to quantify flavonoids and saponins present in the extract of H. hirsuta was developed and validated. An in vivo experiment to evaluate the cholesterol lowering effect of a infusion of H. hirsuta in the gall bladder of dogs was carried out. Dogs were divided into 3 groups i.e. control dogs (CG), dogs treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (2 x 7.35 mg/kg body weight/day) and dogs treated with the standardized infusion (HG) (2 x 48.5 mg/kg body weight/day). Dogs were fed a fatty diet during 120 days after which a diet without additional fat was introduced till day 180. Treatment started 30 days after introduction of the fatty diet and lasted till the end of the experiment. A bile and blood sample of each dog was collected every 30 days, after which the concentration of cholesterol was determined. An Ames test was performed according to the OECD-guidelines. Results


Dietary Fiber/Carnitine, Diacylglycerol, and Low Glycemic Index Starch Effects on Obesity and Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism in Dogs. (December 2009) Yuka Mitsuhashi, B.S., Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. John E. Bauer Obesity is the most common clinical disorder and is associated with various medical conditions in dogs. Appropriate dietary management potentially provides weight loss in a safe, healthy, and efficacious manner. In order to elucidate whether dietary fiber, carnitine, diacylglycerol (DAG), and low glycemic index (LGI) act on such dietary components, a series of studies was conducted: 1) the combination of dietary fiber/carnitine effect on short term (3 and 7 h) satiety and long term (6 weeks) canine weight loss, 2) the combination of dietary LGI/high glycemic index (HGI) starches and DAG/triacylglycerol (TAG) effect during a 9 week canine weight loss period, and 3) the DAG effect on triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism isolated from canine plasma 3-4 h postprandially. The combination of dietary fiber/carnitine supplementation decreased both food and energy intake at 3 h post-feeding, suggesting that this combination diet provided 3 h post-meal satiety. This combination supplement also increased postprandial plasma hydroxybutyrate (BHB) at d 42 and body fat and weight loss at d 42 from baseline. This


Introduction: Heart failure (HF) and breast cancer are two of the leading causes of death in postmenopausal women. The temporal association between HF and breast cancer in a cohort of postmenopausa...


The needs and experiences of employed people having treatment to become parents have been neglected in research and policy to support work and family. However, conflict between work and non-work life is likely to be particularly problematic for the annual estimated 45,000 people in the UK undergoing the long, physically and psychologically demanding process of fertility treatment. Unlike expectant and existing parents, MAR users are not supported at work by statutory entitlements, and dedicated workplace policies are rare. Furthermore, they may fear disclosure in the workplace, particularly if the culture is not supportive, and especially in the current economic climate. Through in depth interviews with 37 employees who were having or had recently had treatment (including 31 women and six men) this research aimed to: i) explore the experiences of combining work and treatment;
ii) identify perceived barriers to and supports for the successful combination of work and treatment; and
iii) explore how employees having treatment define their situations in terms of their expectations and perceived sense of entitlement to workplace supports. Preliminary themes identified using thematic analysis included: combining work and treatment, disclosure, support for combining work and treatment and perceived sense of entitlement to be supported.


Here we present a new approach for estimating the slowness vector of incident P-waves from records of a single or an array of 3-component (3C) seismometers. The slowness vector is extracted by using a Maximum Likelihood (ML) inversion scheme where the signal model incorporates the transfer function of the layered crust beneath the receivers. The unknown time function of the incident plane wave is excluded from the inversion. In the case of array observations both polarization and moveout times are utilized. The scheme was tested on records of NORESS 3-component stations from teleseismic and local events and the obtained slowness estimates are closer to the expected values than estimates derived by conventional methods.


This paper examines the trends and differentials in school educational attainment in Kerala, the State that ranks right on top in terms of human development in India. The trend analysis is based on a cohort-level comparison of educational attainment while the differential analysis is done using life table techniques. The analysis is based on data on educational attainment of the household population in the National Family Health Survey (2005-06). The unique features of this paper are that it provides comparable time-series data on entry to different stages of the schooling system, right from the time the State was formed in 1956, and that it analyses the probabilities of continuing from the first standard to the higher secondary level across different sub-groups of the population.[Working Paper 429]


During IS2012 a report was made about initiatives in the Norwegian University of Science and Technology to help students learn about systems engineering by doing systems engineering. In this paper, the authors address the question, "lacking a degree program in the university dedicated to systems engineering, what is the best way to give students a taste that makes them want more?" The success of the efforts to date has been indicated by the rapid employment in Norway of students who demonstrate an awareness of and willingness to learn more about systems engineering.


In modern life, people's demand for quality of life is also increasing, and the five senses experience is becoming the goal pursued by urban life, among which visual perception is the most direct and primary experience for human beings to receive external information, and is the most basic way of emotional experience. The so-called "judging people by their appearance" is a visually oriented "love at first sight", which actually affects people's psychology. The prevalence of artwork in overly busy offices suggests the hypothesis that, in addition to making interior spaces more aesthetically pleasing, the content of artwork may also affect our interpersonal distance as people's eyes scan over it. This study explored the interpersonal space (IPS) and conversation distances of Chinese people influenced by the presence of artwork in their interiors, and assessed the effects of both gender and artwork style (positive, neutral, and negative) on interpersonal space (IPS) and conversation distances. Fifty-one participants were recruited for this study. Participants were required to follow the same approach procedures in a face-to-face interpersonal space (IPS) and conversation distance task. The results showed that both gender and artwork style type had significant effects on interpersonal space (IPS) and conversational distance (p<0.05), where both greater interpersonal space (IPS) and conversational distance were preferred when the participant was female, and the effect of artwork style type was slightly more significant than gender(d1>d2), where both greater interpersonal space (IPS) and conversational distance were preferred when the artwork style was cluttered lines, gray colors, and negative emotions, and The opposite was true when the artwork style was fine lines, bright colors, and positive emotions, while the interpersonal space (IPS) and conversation distance values were in the middle of the distance generated by the positive and negative factors when the artwork style was not emotionally biased. This study may help to understand the benefits of people using positive or negative art decorations in a busy office environment with applications to interior design and social interaction.


Cutting of experimental samples was performed on the plasma inverter Cemont PX 8.0. The experiment consisted of plasma cutting of four basic materials (lowcarbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and cooper) with three different plasma gases (air, oxygen and nitrogen) with the same cutting parameters. After obtaining twelve samples by cutting, measurement and analysis of maximum surface roughness, width measurement of heat-affected-zone andanalysis of structure modification under heat influence were performed. This paper shows and analyzes the results obtained for all twelve samples.


Relevance feedback is the hot issue in the research of co ntent-based image retrieval. This paper applies the newest theory about statistical learning at prese nt, support vector machine (SVM), in the process of feedback. It studies the information of positive and negati ve images which user provides. We compare the process of study using different features in a large database of 2 035 natural images and discuss about the effect on SVM's performance which image features cause. From the empirical results, we can conclude that multi-features in different classes for image can speed up performa nce of retrieval.


Human milk contains several solid components, water, and wide range of bioactive compounds. Over the evolutionary course of human development, a number of adaptations have resulted in the production of nonnutritive actions associated with breast feeding. In that regard, bioactive compounds in human milk appear not only to compensate for developmental delays in the infants' gastrointestinal tract but also encourage the symbiotic colonization of enteric bacteria that inhibit the growth of bacterial and viral pathogens. Research has also linked these bioactive compounds to certain aspects of the growth and proper development of brain and peripheral nervous system during early infancy. In this review we have summarized what has been learned about the spectrum of nutritive and biological agents in human milk, their physical distribution in human milk over the course of lactation, whether the physical structures and functions of these ingested agents are modified by digestive processes; the precise chemical and cellular loci of their actions, and their shortand long-term biochemical consequences. Although much is still unknown about human milk, and how to optimize infant nutrition substitutes, new information is constantly being discovered. Human milk is and will remain the one standard for infant nutrition by which all infant foods should be compared. It is our species-specific food.


The invention discloses a degassing device for gaseous impurities in radioactive waste liquid of a reactor of a nuclear power plant. The degassing device comprises a degassing tower, a condenser, a vacuum pump and a gas water separator, wherein the degassing tower is used for receiving the radioactive waste liquid of the reactor of the nuclear power plant and removing the gas dissolved in the waste liquid, and the degassing tower is equipped with a tower top gas outlet and a tower kettle liquid outlet; the condenser is communicated with the degassing tower and is located at the downstream side of the degassing tower, and the condenser is used for condensing the gas extracted from the top of the degassing tower; the vacuum pump is communicated with the condenser and is used for pumping and compressing the gas condensed by the condenser and the uncondensed water vapor and maintaining the running pressure required by the interior of the tower; and the gas water separator is communicated with the vacuum pump and is used for separating gas from water and removing the gas. Besides, the invention also discloses a degassing method for the gaseous impurities in the radioactive waste liquid of the reactor of the nuclear power plant. According to the degassing device and method for the gaseous impurities in the radioactive waste liquid of the reactor of the nuclear power plant, disclosed by the invention, the negative pressure degassing is adopted, the operation is convenient, safe and reliable, and the system safety can be guaranteed even if the system leakage occurs.


A 40-year history of quantum dots that enable high-performance semiconductor lasers is reviewed. The discussion includes the early days of quantum dot laser research, the demonstration of high-temperature operation, applications in silicon photonics, and recent advances in quantum dot light sources.


Background Virtual learning environments (VLEs) use a virtual environment to support learning activities. VLEs are commonly used to overcome the temporal and spatial restrictions of learning activities held in conventional face-to-face classrooms. In VLEs, students can participate in learning activities using the internet, and teachers can provide assistive learning tools during the process. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among nursing students' mental load, cognitive load, and affective learning outcomes in terms of their willingness to serve older adults in an interaction-based educational virtual reality (VR) learning environment. Methods This study used a cross-sectional method. A total of 130 students participated in interaction-based VR learning and completed related questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics and stepwise regression for data analysis were used. Results The research results revealed that in the dimension of willingness to use VR learning materials, perceived usefulness received the highest score (mean 4.42, SD 0.45). In the dimension of nursing ability, students scored the highest in information management and application ability to care for case patients (mean 4.35, SD 0.54). Correlation analysis revealed that cognitive load during learning and willingness to serve older adults were negatively correlated, whereas willingness to use VR learning materials was positively correlated with nursing ability and willingness to serve older adults. Analyzing the regression coefficients of predictor variables revealed that willingness to use VR learning materials (β=.23; t2=2.89, P=.005) and cognitive load during learning (β=–.35; t2=–.4.30, P<.001) were predictive factors of nursing students' willingness to serve older adults. Conclusions This study demonstrated that students' willingness to use VR learning materials and their cognitive load during learning affected their willingness to care for older adults. Therefore, the components of mental or cognitive load generate inconsistent predictive effects on affective variables and willingness to serve older adults.


plane oscillation on the fracture surface. The half-value breadth of the diffraction profile on the fracture surface increases with increase in the effective stress intensity factor range. The relationship between the half-value breadth and the effective stress intensity factor range was represented by a narrow band regardless of the stress ratio. Therefore, the effective stress intensity factor range can be estimated from this relation in fractured surface of actual components.


Observations of A0535+26 (HDE 245770) by the ANS in September 1975 and March 1976 when it was at the X-ray low state are discussed. Also observed were 58 early-type stars lying within 10 deg of HDE 245770; these stars are used to derive a localized extinction curve. On the basis of the depth of the 2200 A interstellar absorption feature observed in the ANS flux distribution of HDE 245770 and the shape of the localized extinction curve, an E(B-V) = 0.72 is derived for HDE 245770. Observations were made of this system during its X-ray flare-up (October 1980) and quiescent (November 1981) states by the IUE. It is noted that the fine error sensor on board the IUE detected an increase in the optical brightness of HDE 245770 during the X-ray outburst. This greatly corroborates the identification of HDE 245770 as the optical counterpart of A0535+26. No significant change in the absorption-line profiles during the X-ray high and low periods is found, indicating that there was no significant increase in the stellar wind density when the X-ray flare-up occurred. The UV continuum level increased by less than 6 percent when it was near peak X-ray luminosity. The UV spectrum of HDE 245770 suggests that it is a B0 V or a B0 III star with its dereddened continuum slope slightly in favor of being a giant.


The present invention relates to a target detecting method for detecting a target from an image. The target detecting method for the present invention includes a step of receiving an image; a step of generating a plurality of images which are scaled based on the received image; a step of generating integral column images of the images by calculating an integral value of pixels in a column unit; a step of classifying the integral column images according to a feature calculation based on recursive column calculation; and a step of detecting a target based on the classified result.


Manganese is quantitatively retained on 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP)-ammonium tetraphenylborate with microcrystalline naphthalene or by a column method in the pH range 7.5–10.5 from large volumes of aqueous solutions of various samples. After filtration, each solid mass consisting of the manganese complex and naphthalene was dissolved with 5 ml of dimethylformamide and the metal was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Manganese complex can alternatively be quantitatively adsorbed on ammonium tetrphenylborate-naphthalene adsorbent packed in a column and determined similarly. About 0.1 µg of manganese can be concentrated in a column from 500 ml of aqueous sample, where its concentration is as low as 0.2 ppb. Eight replicate determinations of 1.0 ppm of manganese gave a mean absorbance of 0.224 with a relative standard deviation of 1.8%. The sensitivity for 1% absorption was 19 ppb. The interference of a large number of anions and cations has been studied and the optimized conditions developed were utilized for the trace determination of manganese in various standard samples.


Vitamin B complex have been determined simultaneously by using two second-order calibration algorithms,Alternating asymmetric trilinear decomposition algorithm and Bilinear least-squares algorithm,coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection.In the presence of interfering components and the simple performance condition,it showed the second-order calibration methods could quantify the analytes of interest from overlapped chromatographic profiles and give the accurate predicted results by utilizing "mathematical separation" instead of "physics separation".


These data represent the geographic area described in Title 50 CFR Part 622.55(d), Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic, Subpart C—Shrimp Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, Closures of the Gulf shrimp fishery to reduce red snapper bycatch, as of 07/01/13.


Abstract : Lessons learned from Operation Anaconda point to deficiencies in current joint FAC(A) air-ground integration. The primary purpose of this thesis is to determine if current joint air tasking doctrine allows the FAC(A) to effectively integrate into supported ground operations. This study examines potential modifications to joint air tasking doctrine that will allow FAC(A)s to integrate with their supported ground units more effectively. Based on this study, there are two primary methods to successfully integrate the FAC(A) into supported ground operations. The first method is through detailed pre-mission coordination, currently called for in joint doctrine. Consequently, this analysis compares the integration opportunities available in current joint air tasking doctrine to the established requirement for effective FAC(A) integration to determine if current joint air tasking doctrine facilitates effective air-ground integration. The second method of successfully integrating the FAC(A) into supported ground operations is through recurrent working relationships established over time. Consequently, the analysis also compares current joint air tasking doctrine to the successful models illustrated in the Vietnam War TASS system and the USMC MAGTF to identify potential avenues for improved FAC(A) integration. Finally, the study recommends modifications to joint air tasking doctrine to help improve FAC(A) integration.


ABSTRACT An earlier paper developed an iterative hill climbing procedure for optimizing the performance of a static process model, using a performance criterion which could readily take into account the desigu objectives of the process. This paper extends the work to the dynamic case. The preferred mode is the impulse response of the process, which can be determined by experimental methods which are already in an advanced stage of development. The particular optimizing programme described gives assured convergence with a short computing time, which is substantially independent of the order of the system. The choice of sampling interval is considered and it is shown that a value of l/10th of the system dominant time constant is suitable for most applications.


Some people have RFID chips implanted in their hands so they can open their doors by waving at them. A US-based company, VeriChip Corporation, is the main driving force behind this application. Called the VeriChip, each device comes in the shape of a glass capsule containing a microchip and a copper coil that works as antenna. The chip is injected with a needle just under the skin in the triceps area of the right arm. The medical reasons why anybody would want to be implanted with one of these chips are purely preventive. Other applications of RFID chips are discussed in this paper.


Objective To investigate the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from patients with SLE and its relation to the occurrence and development of SLE.Methods PBMCS were obtained from 30 patients with SLE and 24 normal human controls.Atier labeled with anti-CD3-FITC and anti-CD11 a-PE,PBMCS were detected for the expression of CD11a by flow cytometric analysis.Results The positivity rate of CD11a was significantly higher in patients with SLE and those with active SLE than in the normal controls (73.74%±7.89%and 77.11%±7.46%vs 68.21%±4.58%.both P<0.05).Furthermore,increased positivity rate of CD11a was observed in patients with active SLE compared with those with stable SLE (77.11%±7.46%vs 69.33%±6.27%,P<0.05).but there was no significant difieFence between the latter group and normal controls(P>0.05).In addition.the expression level of CD11a was positively correlated with SLE disease activity index (r=0.64,P<0.0 1)in patients.Conclusion The overexpression of LFA-1 may take part in the occurrence of SLE and correlate with the activity of SLE.

Key words:
Lupus erythematosus,systemic; Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1; Antigens,CD11a


Sport science in Saint Petersburg lies very deep. It's origins are to be searched in the XIX century, when the Russian scientific system of physical education was created by P.F. Lesgaft. As follows from the history, in 1893 the son of Siberian goldminer I.M. Sibiryakov presented to his teacher P.F. Lesgaft located a mansion in the center of Saint Petersburg and two hundred thousand rubles for establishment of the new research center. The funds were used for equipment of the biological laboratory - the first in the country research institute of physical culture. Nowadays the institute teaching staff numbers 13 doctors of science and 28 PhDs. Elite scientists are being trained within full-time and extra-mural postgraduate studies. The work of the institute personnel on the methodological support of training of Russian Olympic teams in many respects facilitated success in the performance in London Paralympic games and was highly appreciated by the administration of the Ministry of sport of the RF. Now the work on training for the Winter Paralympic games 2014 in Sochi is in action. At present the institute is to develop the concept of Federal scientific and methodological center on Paralympic and Surdolympic sports based on Saint Petersburg research institute of physical culture. The establishment of this center will lead the Russian sport science to the new level and promote establishment of the Russian sport on the world level.


ABSTRACT Capsule: The use of mist nets placed at more than 9 m high and small GPS tags fitted with a pelvic harness, and equipped to download remotely, allows the capture and tracking of breeding White-backed Woodpeckers Dendrocopos leucotos. Aims: To describe and test a method for capturing, ringing and GPS-marking medium-sized woodpeckers. Methods: Birds were captured using an overlapping mist net system located between two poles with a minimum height of 9.25 m and a maximum of 12.95 m, previously designed for catching bats. Once captured, the birds were ringed and fitted them with a remote download GPS tag, weighing 3.4 g. Results: Twenty individuals (17 adults and 3 juveniles) from 14 territories were captured during the 28 sampling days. All marked breeders continued with chick provisioning and in 12 of the territories were successful in fledging young. We found no significant difference in the number of fledglings between nests where the breeders were captured and tagged with devices (1.71 ± 0.19 se) and nests where the breeders were not captured (1.71 ± 0.29 se). The GPS tags allowed us to obtain a mean of 102.6 (±15.91 se) locations for each bird during a tracking period averaging 57.8 (±10.4 se) days. Despite the steep slope and the high forest canopy in the hábitat, 77.09% of GPS locations were accurate to within 20 m. Conclusion: Our results showed that this method allows us to obtain important information about the habitat use of this species during the breeding period without any apparent effect on reproductive success.


Many processes involving ions, polar molecules, or polar moie ties take place in an external medium with heterogeneous dielectric properties. Examples r ange from protein folding in a polarizable solvent to contact electrification induced by t he rubbing of two dislike solids. When simulating such processes, it is not appropriate to decompose the lectrostatic forces between the central atomistic degrees of freedom into (effective) tw o-body contributions. Instead, one needs to consider the dielectric response of the external med iu , which one may want to represent as a continuum. In this contribution, we show that the s plit-charge equilibration (SQE) method can be used to describe continua with well-defined diel ectric properties, although it was originally designed to assign atomic charges on the fly. As such, SQE bears much potential for hybrid particle-continuum simulations. The comparison o f dielectric response functions as obtained by SQE and point dipole methods reveals many advantag es for SQE. The main points are: SQE requires fewer floating point operations, non-loca l dielectric properties are more easily embedded, and the leading-order corrections to the conti nuum limit are isotropic on the simple cubic lattice in contrast to point dipole models.


The selection of $\eta$ mesons with a high efficiency and a high purity can be important in the formation of statistically significant invariant mass spectra in the reconstruction of short-lived particles such as $\eta' \rightarrow \pi^{+} \pi^{-} \eta$. In this study, a cut-based standard method and a Ranking method to reduce combinatorial background in the reconstruction of $\eta \rightarrow \gamma \gamma$ decays in high multiplicity hadronic events are presented. By using recorded ALEPH data and fully simulated events, the performances of the methods are compared. Results show that the Ranking method yields significant improvements in the purity of the selected $\eta$ meson relative to the standard method.


Nowadays, the main urban planning document of St. Petersburg - the General Plan 2005 - 2025 is in the process of updating and revising a number of positions. In this regard, it seems important to consider the reasons for the proposed changes, as well as the stages of its development, its main ideas and periods of its implementation from 2005 to 2015. Also, environmental impact is considered.


Theatre in St John's in the late 1980s owes its heterogeneous character to the mixed influences that have created it: the lingering excitement of its origins in the seventies, depressed economic conditions, and the nature of the present acting community. The collective creation, a dominant voice in the 1970s, can still be heard today, but the form and purpose have altered just as the creators and the world they work in have been redefined. While the financial restraint of the 1980s sets new guidelines in the arts across Canada, in St John's the government dollar continues to shrink at an alarming rate in a climate of over-extended private resources and shrinking audience support. Some artists who cut their teeth on collective creation in the 1970s have moved to the mainland to pursue their careers or have sought more stable forms of employment. Some make St John's their home base and work elsewhere on demand. And some continue to work in St John's, primarily at the Resource Centre for the Arts or the Arts and Culture Centre. Those who remain know the collective process intimately and defend the exhilaration of the process and the quality of the product.


Vacuum circuit breakers are considered an attractive solution to climate change concerns regarding SF6 gas. From the beginning of vacuum circuit breaker, it was known that vacuum has the high arc extinguishing ability and insulation performances. At the time of the electrode, spiral electrode on contrate electrode is used, The contact materials were Bi on CuCr. There was a problem that was not able to be intercepted when the breaking current became 40 kA or more as the development of vacuum circuit breakers advanced. In the 1970s, vacuum circuit breaker was successfully interrupting from 12kV–200kA by the development of axial magnetic field (AMF) electrode. Research on AFM electrodes was carried out in laboratory.


Objective:In this study,the biopsy specimen of radial artery of 27 uremic patients were examined in order to investigate the pathology of uremic radial artery and to analyze the correlated risk factors. Methodology:Biopsy specimen of radial artery were obtained during the operation for establishment of arterio venous fistula for maintenance hemodialysis.The lesion of the artery was classified into three degrees:minimal,medium and severe.Clinical data were analyzed for correlated risk factor analysis. Results:Eight patients were classified as minimal lesion with mild thickness of artery wall and changes of internal elastic lamina,11 patients as medium with moderate thickness of artery wall and elastic lamina broken down and foam cell infiltration,8 as severe with significant hyalinosis of artery wall and elastic lamina broken down and appearance of clots or plates within the artery wall.Significantly increased levels of serum insulin,PTH and plasma level of cortisol were found in these patients,and correlated with the severity of the lesion of radial artery.Correlation was also found between the severity of the radial artery and cardiovascular events in these patients.Ultrasound cardiograph parameters correlated well with the degree of the artery lesion. Conclusion:Pathology of radial artery correlated with cardiovascular events and also its risk factors as lipoprotein(a),PTH and plasma cortisol in uremic patients.


The path tracing method generates incoherent rays by randomly sampling directions. This randomness makes it unsuitable for modern processor architectures that rely on coherence to achieve optimal performance. Many efforts have been made to address this issue by reordering rays based on their origin, end, or direction to enhance coherence. However, a drawback of reordering methods is the need to encode and sort rays before tracing, introducing additional overhead. We propose a technique to generate coherent rays directly by reusing the direction. Additionally, we introduce an interleaved reuse domain partition method to mitigate the impact of sampling correlation resulting from direction reuse. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach across various scenes, establishing its superiority over reordering methods.


The purpose of this investigation was to define the anatomy of the cranioencephalic structures in horses using computed tomography (CT). Tranverse images of two isolated equine cadaver heads were obtained using a Toshiba 600 HQ (third‐generation equipment TCT). CT images were compared to corresponding frozen cross‐sections of the cadaver head. Relevant anatomical structures were identified and labelled at each level. The resulting images provided excellent anatomic detail of the structures of the central nervous system and associated formations. Annotated CT images from this study are intended as a reference for clinical CT imaging studies of the equine head.


A support vector machine(SVM) was established,genetic algorithm(GA) was adopted to automatically select excellent kernel function.A new type algorithm consisting of SVM and GA was used to classify and identify stored-grain pests image.The results showed that the image recognition of stored-grain pests based on SVM and GA was effective.


Continuation of research on Macaranga plant has been conducted. In this study, the totalphenol content (TPC) of Macaranga hispida Blume Mull. Arg leaves extracts were investigated. Gallicacid (1) and methyl gallate (2) have been isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction which highest phenoliccontent (8.41 mg GAE/g). Serial techniques of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, namelyextraction, fractionation, purifi cation, FTIR, LCMS, and FT-NMR were used to isolate and identify theisolates. Cytotoxicity of compound 1 and 2 against P-388 cell line showed that compound 2 has higheranticancer activity compared to compound 1 with IC50 value of 75.53 μg/mL.


This paper examined the weakform efficiency of China's Stock Market in terms of the profitability of technical trading rules in this market. The statistical test based on the Shanghai Composite Index suggested that certain technical trading rules should be able to gain stable excess profit in the long run, which could not be explained by nonsynchronous trading, transaction cost and time variation of expected returns. Thus, it can be concluded that the China's Stock Market is not weakly efficient.


Capacitively coupled discharges of strongly reactive atmospheres containing mixtures of boron trichloride and chlorine are investigated with optical emission spectroscopy and self-excited electron resonance spectroscopy. This analyzes the whole area spanned by these gases and their impact on important plasma parameters like plasma density, electron temperature, and electron collision rate with neutrals. Using these data, roughly calculated cross sections for these gases are obtained in the low-energy region. Molecular chlorine ions, Cl2+, are evidently present to a preponderant amount as a main agent, which are accompanied by chlorine radicals, Cl(I), in mixtures with chlorine. Absolutely no chlorine ions could be found in the plasma which referred to the effective cooling of the Cl-containing species rather than the nonexistence of these species.


Abstract Radar backscatter from bare sandstones, shales and limestones was measured in May 1982 in the Monument Upwarp region of south-eastern Utah using a helicopter-borne 4·4-17·6 GHz multipolarization radar scatterometer. Rock samples for laboratory analysis were collected and surface conditions described. The purpose of the experiment was to observe the backscatter from selected rock formations as a function of incidence angle, frequency and polarization to determine the degree of correlation with the permittivity and roughness of the rocks. An additional goal was to measure the permittivity of the rock samples using free space, waveguide and in situ methods. The permittivity of the sandstone ranged from 3·0 to 3·75, the shales from 4·2 to 5·0, and the limestones from 7·5 to 8·5, Multiple linear regression analysis of the data indicated a high (greater than 90 per cent) correlation between the radar backscatter and the permittivity of the rocks.


This Standard Reference Material (SRM) is intended primarily for validation of methods for determining isoflavones in soy protein isolates and similar materials. This SRM can also be used for quality assurance when assigning values to in-house reference materials. The SRM is a soy protein isolate prepared by a manufacturer of food and agricultural products. A unit of SRM 3236 consists of 5 packets, each containing approximately 10 g of material.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation-assisted branchoscopy sputum suction in patients wearing homemade nose and mouth mask. Methods Thirty-three patients with difficult expectoration who underwent noninvasive mechanical ventilation in our hospital from October 2011 to October 2012 were randomly divided into nose and mouth mask group(n=15) and control group(n=18). Patients in nose and mouth mask group wearing homemade nose and mouth mask underwent noninvasive positive pressure ventilation-assisted bronchoscopy sputum suction and those in control group received traditional sputum suction, namely the mask was removed when sputum was sucked. Their heart rate, respiratory rate, mean blood pressure, and pulse oxygen saturation were recorded before and during sputum suction, bronchoscope entering, at the end of and 10 min after sputum suction and their arterial blood gas level was measured. Results No significant difference was observed in gender, age, and APACHEⅡscore between the two groups(P0.05). The heart and respiratory rate were lower whereas the pulse oxygen saturation was higher in nose and mouth mask group than in control group at different time points of sputum suction(P0.05). The pH and PaO2 were significantly higher whereas the PaCO2 was significantly lower in nose and mouth mask group than in control group(P0.05). Conclusion Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation-assisted bronchoscopy sputum suction can maintain the relatively stable respiratory rate, pulse oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas levels in patients wearing homemade nose and mouth mask with a high safety and is thus of a promise application value.


By summarizing the concept, classification, analysis methods and development of nursing adverse events, we analyzed the existing problems and influencing factors of nursing adverse events management, discussed the corresponding measures, such as building patients safety culture and advocating the non-punitive and voluntary rule, and then provided theoretical basis for clinical application.


Objective To identify the molecular biological characteristics and to study the phylogenetic evolution of Hantavirus isolated from Apodemus peninsulae in Jilin,China.Method Lung samples were analysed by IFA and RT-PCR.Positive samples were isolated by Vero-E6 cell.Medium (M) genome segment of CJilin 93 strain was cloned,sequenced and analysed.Result The complete nucleotide sequence of the M genome of CJilin 93 strain included 3 577 bp in length encoded a GPC(glycoprotein precursor).Sequence comparison revealed close relation between CJilin 93 strain and Bao 14 strain carried by Apodemus agrarius.In contrast,the AMR strain harboured by Apodemus peninsulae showed a higher level of genetic diversity from CJilin 93 strain based on G2 segment alignment.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CJilin 93 strain and Bao 14 strain formed a HTN clade.Conclusion Apodemus peninsulae carried HTN virus in the northeast of China.


Abstracg:Increased digestion technology with dressed high-grade bauxite after activation in Bayer Process will not only fully utilize low and medium grade diaspore,but also optimize economic and technical data in the Process.However,the technology increased the investment of equipment and energy consumption.The paper studies and determines the technical conditions of calcination activation and increased digestion.


This paper reports a System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture design for the DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) Visible Light Communication (VLC) transceiver. The proposed SoC comprises several Digital Signal Processing (DSP) blocks, i.e., Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Convolutional Encoder (CE), Viterbi Decoder, Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) Modulator/Demodulator, Interleaver/Deinterleaver, and Synchronizer. System was designed through the combination of two Intellectual Property (IP) types: designing IP from the scratch (custom-based IP) and employing available core accelerator IP served by the third party, which is Xilinx library (reuse-based IP). All DSP blocks were targeted for the FPGA development board (Xilinx Zynq SoC 7000), then combined with the ARM microprocessor. In this study, ARM microprocessors were used for various tasks, i.e., scheduling process, on-chip memory as a temporary data storage function, Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D), Digital-to-Analog Converter (D/A), and Ethernet module as communication medium between SoCs and personal computer (PC). Testing was carried out on the Register Transfer Level (RTL) for hardware (H/W) and software (S/W) models implemented on ARM microprocessors. The system performances were measured through the point-to-point data communication scenarios between a PC transmitter and PC receiver. A 77 kbps of data communication speed and 2.9 ms of data processing latency were obtained using 100 MHz clock speed. The VLC on-chip was successfully demonstrated in RTL phase. This system is suitable for a low-rate communication system application, generally for joint VLC and Internet-things (IoT) technology, (then called as VLC/IoT).


Kuroda Toshio's theory of the kenmitsu taisei (exoteric-esoteric system) is a well-established interpretive model of Japanese medieval society and religion. It has had a great influence on our understanding of Japanese history and the development of religion in Japan. However, there are many aspects of Kuroda's kenmitsu taisei theory that remain ambiguous. The present article reexamines Kuroda's theory and attempts to evaluate his contributions.


Rational fertilization is a win-win strategy for rural incomes and environmental restoration in ecologically fragile regions. However, the long-term cumulative grape productivity response to soil fertility has rarely been quantified. Here, long-term fertilization experiments (over 15 years) in the desert–oasis transitional zone of Sinkiang, China, were used to evaluate the interactions among grape yield, quality, fertilization, soil nutrients, and microbial communities. There were five treatments, as follows: CK0 (no planting and no fertilizing); NP (synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus); M (manure only); NPM1 (0.25 times NP and 0.33 times M); and NPM2 (NP and 0.5 times M). The grape yield increased with the application of total nitrogen. The soluble solids and reducing sugar contents had significant positive linear correlations with grape yield, but the opposite trend was found between grape yield and titratable acidity and tannin contents. The redundancy analysis showed that fertilization, soil nutrients (soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, and dissolved organic nitrogen), and microbial communities (ratio of fungi to bacteria, ratio of Gram-negative bacteria to Gram-positive bacteria, and total phospholipid fatty acids) accounted for 31.9%, 19.7%, and 26.8% of the grape yield and nutritional ingredients, respectively. The path analysis identified that fertilization, soil nutrients, and the microbial communities were significantly positively associated with the grape yield, soluble solids, and reducing sugars, while their associations with titratable acidity, tannins, and phenols were significantly negative. These results suggested that fertilization is a viable strategy for regulating grape yields and grape quality because it alters soil fertility in ecologically fragile regions.


We will establish that the composition operator Tf:g → f○g takes the intersections of Triebel–Lizorkin spaces \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ F_{{p},{q}}^{s}({\mathbb R}^n) $\end{document} with a certain space of bounded and continuous functions to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ F_{{p},{q}}^{s}({\mathbb R}^n) $\end{document}, under some conditions on the parameters n, s, p and q. Also, a similar partial result corresponding to the Besov spaces \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ B_{{p},{q}}^{s}({{\mathbb R}}^n) $\end{document} will be given. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim


A method of measurements of the environmental neutron background at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory of the INR RAS are described. Measurements were done by using of a proportional counter filled with mixture of Ar(2 at)+$^3$He(4 at). The results obtained at the surface and the underground laboratory of the BNO INR RAS are presented. It is shown that a neutron background in the underground laboratory at the 4900 m w.e. depth is decreased by $\sim 260$ times without any special shield in a comparison with the Earth surface. A neutron flux density in the 5-1323.5~cm air height region is constant within the determination error and equal to $(7.1\pm0.1_{\rm{stat}}\pm0.3_{\rm{syst}})\times10^{-3}$ s$^{-1}\cdot$cm$^{-2}$.


Background: PSQ has sensitivity of 0.85 and specificity of 0.87 in otherwise well children aged 2-18 for identifying SDB confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) 1 . Applicability of PSQ in chronic conditions is unclear; we hypothesise it is a valid tool in this group. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed PSQs and PSGs (n=157). PSQ sensitivity and specificity was calculated. Apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥5 and PSQ score >0.33 were indicative of SDB 1 . Results: Conclusions: We confirm PSQ is a sensitive screening tool in healthy children with OSA symptoms. PSQ is less useful in chronic illness where aetiology of SDB is more likely multifactorial. Prospective data collection to elucidate applicability of PSQ in other groups (metabolic, cardiac and spinal patients) is ongoing. 1 Chervin R et al. Sleep Med 2000;1:21-32.


Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission of fresh invertebrates has too long been neglected in eutrophic lakes, although the sediments these animals inhabit are presumably hot spots of N 2 O emission. Thus, the experiment in this research was designed to gain insight into the influence of cyanobacteria l degradation on the N 2 O emission by fresh water invertebrates (Chironomus plumosus). The presence of decaying cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu decreased the N 2 O emission rate of Chironomus plumosus larvae from the larvae body by almost 400% for the larvae as a whole. The N 2 O emission rate decreased by 350% based on readings from studies of their gut, which was mostly due to stimulation of intestinal complete denitrification. The quantitative PCR results showed that intestinal gene abundance of nirK , nosZ (encoding the copper nitrite reductase and N 2 O reductase, respectively) were significantly increased with the presence of decaying cyanobacteria. In contrast nirS (encoding the cytochrome cd 1 heme nitrite reductase) and the total bacteria decreased. In the gut of Chironomus plumosus , the diversity and richness of nosZ and nirK were lower with the cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of the intestinal function genes ( nosZ and nirK ) showed that the nosZ - and nirK -type denitrifying bacterial sequences were related to different phylotypes. Hence, additional cyanobacteria increased the abundance, but decreased the richness and diversity of intestinal nitrate-reducing bacteria, probably by providing more carbon source in the gut. The data obtained in this study elucidates that the decaying cyanobacteria decreased the emissions of N 2 O by the aquatic invertebrates in freshwater sediment and could serve as a valuable resource for nitrogen removal affecting greenhouse gas emissions.


Acknowledgments. Introduction: The Suez Canal and the Technologies of the Novel 1. French Imports: The Entrepreneur in England, Deciphering de Lesseps 2. English Exports: Romantic Investments, Novel Technologies, and Disraeli's Tancred 3. Domesticating Egypt: Women's Writing, Space, and Everyday-Living Abroad 4. World-Girdling Technologies: Around the World Travel Narratives of the 1870s. Epilogue. Notes. Bibliography. Index


Filter shapes were measured as a function of level for long‐duration (350‐ms) signals, and for short‐duration (10‐ms) signals delayed from masker onset by 2 or 202 ms. Masker duration was 400 ms for the long‐duration and long‐delay signals, and 200 ms for the short‐delay signal. Signal frequencies were 1 and 4 kHz. The level of a notched‐noise masker was varied to find threshold. This study extends previous studies by fixing the signal level rather than the masker level, and by measuring filter shapes for several signal levels. Filter widths for the long‐duration signal and the long‐delay signal could be fit for the multiple levels, keeping efficiency constant. Filter widths were similar for these two conditions. This agrees with previous results measured with the masker level fixed [B. A. Wright and H. Dai, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 931–938 (1994)]. Filter widths for the short‐delay signal were broader, and efficiency varied with level. The broader filter at a short delay as compared to a long delay is als...


The report examines different models and approaches for motivating and attracting personnel to the British Armed Forces. Positive and negative approaches for motivating service members are theoretically analysed and the most attractive among them are specified. The results obtained could be used in the development of an integrated strategy to motivate service members in the Bulgarian Armed Forces.


The 5G network can provide more comprehensive bandwidth connectivity for the industry 4.0 environment, which requires faster and tremendous data transmission. 5G network engages with Multi-access Edge Computing providing the computing functions dedicated to the users on edge nodes. The MEC network architecture presents the significant facilities, schematic of the network, and routers of data transmission. This work demonstrates the 5G network performance evaluation with MEC and without MEC and compares it with various wired and wireless networks in a machining workshop. The field test performs high-definition streaming video and heavy-traffic load testing to evaluate the performance based on different protocols by comparing throughput, latency, jitter, and packet loss rate. Streaming video performance shows that the 5G with MEC achieved 16.47 ms latency on average. In summary, the 5G network implementation and data transmission performance provide a paradigm for those interested. MEC can help data transmission efficiency, but it requires knowledge of configuration on optimization. Mobile network operators should offer authentication for accessing partial MEC functionality for industrial users.


This Forum on subsidence due to fluid withdrawal was convened to develop a better understanding of the global scope of subsidence, the current state of the theoretical understanding of the problem, and to ascertain and recommend areas where a multidisciplined approach to research could aid in the resolution of the problem. The papers presented at the Forum have been divided into four logical divisions: (1) definition of the problem of subsidence, (2) influence of special conditions on subsidence, (3) theories and mathematical models, and (4) discussions of field cases. An appendix containing transcripts of the discussions prepared by two specialists in rock mechanics and the research recommendations which were the final result of the Forum, have been added. All 14 papers have been abstracted and indexed for the Energy Data Base.


PURPOSE: A device for controlling the damping of a hydraulic cylinder is provided to prevent the damping efficiency of a piston from lowering, and to control the stroke of the piston without delaying the damping time. CONSTITUTION: A rear cover(20) is connected to the rear end of a tube(10), and has a bore(28) and an oil passage(24) communicating the bore with a bore(12) of the tube. A stopper(50) is coupled with the bore of the rear cover, and has a damping hole(52) and an oil passage(54) communicating the damping hole with the oil passage(24) in the rear cover. A damping rod(32) is formed at a piston(30), and comes in/out at the damping hole. A control pin(26) is coupled with the outside of the rear cover, and controls the sectional area of the oil passage(24).


This study aims to formulate legal protection efforts for third parties if the marriage agreement is made after the marriage. This is derived from the Constitutional Court Decision Number 69 / PUU-XII / 2015 that defines the marriage agreement to be expandable, so that the marriage agreement is no longer interpreted only as an agreement made before the marriage (prenuptial agreement) but can also be made after the marriage takes place (postnuptial agreement). The Constitutional Court's decision can lead to legal problems and legal uncertainty for third parties. This relates to the execution carried out by the creditor in the event of an agreement to separate property and unclear parties responsible when there is a default. This research is a normative legal study with the statutory and case approach. This study concludes, firstly, the Constitutional Court Decision Number 69 / PUU-XII / 2015 regarding marriage agreements can lead to rights and obligations and consequences for the parties. Second, in order to guarantee legal protection for third parties, the making and amendment of the marriage agreement should be carried out before a notary, made in good faith by the parties, must be recorded by the marriage registrar .


The Last Planner System (LPS) aims to enhance planning reliability by reducing variability in construction processes. While LPS applications have been explored in construction and detailed design, its application in architectural design remains underrepresented due to its abstract nature. This study addresses this gap by proposing an LPS framework tailored for architectural design, utilizing LPS metrics to assess planning reliability. Key issues hindering formal planning methods' implementation are identified, and relevant LPS principles are aligned with these challenges, culminating in a conceptual LPS model designed for architectural projects. Building upon the conceptual model, an implementation model was developed and put into practice within an architectural design company in the United States, resulting in measured improvements in planning reliability and responsiveness. Additionally, it unveils hidden challenges associated with emerging tasks, guiding future design process enhancements. This study demonstrates how tracking design planning performance with LPS metrics can promote LPS adoption in architectural design, offering a benchmark for necessary interventions to achieve desired performance in architectural design.


BACKGROUND The benefits of combination therapy are often attributed to synergy, that is, drug interactions resulting in an anti-cancer effect that is more than the sum of its parts. Accordingly, the rationale for designing new drug combinations is often based on synergy measured in preclinical models. However, preclinical metrics of drug interaction are not applicable to clinical trial data, and there has been no established quantitative method to assess synergy versus additivity in clinical settings. We recently showed that because of extensive patient-to-patient heterogeneity in single drug responsiveness, increasing the chance of a good response to at least one drug was a quantitatively sufficient explanation for the clinical efficacy of many approved combination therapies. Some combinations surpass this 'highest single-agent' model, which could be due to either drug additivity or synergy. Here we propose and test a model of drug additivity for Progression-Free Survival (PFS) data from clinical trials, to identify if any approved combinations are clinically synergistic, as compared to additive.
 METHODS We used PFS from trials as the clinical measure of drug efficacy. We defined 'clinical drug additivity' as the sum of PFS times observed from each drug in a combination. Inter-patient heterogeneity in drug responses was simulated by sampling from the joint distribution of drugs' PFS distributions. For each combination, the clinically observed PFS distribution was compared to the additivity model, or the highest single-agent model (Palmer & Sorger, 2017). Synergy is exhibited if an observed PFS distribution is significantly superior to PFS expected from additivity (by Cox Proportional Hazards). To search for drug synergy in clinical data, we analyzed approved combination therapies where synergy was most likely to explain efficacy, which are combinations where part of the regimen is not approved as monotherapy in the same disease. We analyzed 11 approved combination therapies for advanced cancers in the breast, ovary, pancreas, colon, cervix, and lymphatic system.
 RESULTS None of the 11 approved combinations analyzed were significantly superior to the model of clinical additivity. For five combinations, the additivity model made the most accurate predictions of clinical efficacy (mean R2=0.97 for additivity, versus R2=0.83 for highest single-agent), and the other six combinations were most accurately described by the highest single-agent model (mean R2=0.97 for highest single-agent, versus R2=0.91 for additivity).
 CONCLUSIONS Approved combination therapies are rarely 'more than the sum of their parts' in quantitative terms. A straightforward definition of clinical drug additivity accurately matched trial results for combination therapies where synergy was expected. This suggests that single-agent efficacy by each drug is usually required for the clinical success of combination therapy.
 Citation Format: Haeun Hwangbo, Adam C. Palmer. Defining and evaluating drug additivity in clinical trials of combination cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2739.


1. Marriage as a Cultural Practice. 2. Marriage Among the !Kung San of Southern Africa. 3. Marriage in Traditional Chinese Society. 4. Marriage Among the Historical Iroquois. 5. Marriage Among Tibetans: The Nyinba of Nepal. 6. Epilogue.


Perfect electromagnetic metamaterial absorbers based on three-dimensional (3D) vertical split-ring resonators for an infrared spectral range were fabricated using a combination of high-resolution direct laser write lithography and a simple metalization by sputtering. In accordance with theoretical predictions, the fabricated samples exhibit perfect absorption resonances tunable in the wavelength range of 4.5–9.2 µm by changing the dimensions and spacing of the resonators. The structures exhibit polarization and incidence angle-invariant operation with absorbance in excess of 0.85 for incidence angles up to 30°. In the future, they may find applications as narrow-band thermal emitters and for signal enhancement in mid-IR photodetectors.


Photochemically induced interconversion between norbornadiene and quadricyclane has been the focus of considerable attention in connection with the storage of solar energy. A variety of sensitization methods have been applied to the valence isomerization of norbornadiene and its derivatives, including direct photolysis, triplet sensitization, complexation with metal ions, and donor-acceptor interaction. For triplet excitation, it has been reported that norbornadiene in a triplet state isomerizes efficiently to a ground state of quadricyclane through a biradicaloidal intermediate on the basis of photochemical investigation of the corresponding cyclic azoalkanes. In the present paper, on the other hand, the authors have found that a naphthalene derivative of quadricyclane isomerizes inversely to the corresponding norbornadiene derivative via the triplet in a very high yield, and the cycloreversion has been substantiated to be an adiabatic process by convincing experimental supports. Furthermore, it might be pointed out that the conformation of the olefinic moiety of the norbornadiene in the relaxed triplet state, i.e., planar or twisted, is one of the important factors which control the reaction mechanism, i.e., adiabatic or biradicaloidal.


he complex network of environmental and genetic risk factors causes diabetes (1). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that is the center of protein maturity and folding also plays a very important role in calcium homeostasis (2). Stresses that alter the ER of the homeostasis may interfere with the flaking of proteins, leading to accumulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) or proteins that have not been properly absorbed. This can lead to cell damage (3). An increasing number of evidence suggests the role of ER stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes, and probably the primary signaling pathways are due to ER stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (4). ER stress is associated with changes in the immune system and metabolic T 1. PhD. Student, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.


The precision of state estimation can be effectively improved by introducing the voltage phase angle measured by the phasor measurement unit(PMU) into state estimation.In an actual project,however,it is impossible to install PMU at all the nodes.Consequently,the use of taboo search algorithm is proposed to optimize the installation places of PMU.Simulation results show that the precision of state estimation is improved after the configuration optimization.


Different structures of laterally fluorinated tolane and diphenyl-diacetylene liquid crystals were synthesized and their physical properties evaluated. Some of these compounds exhibit relatively low melting temperature, small heat fusion enthalpy, large negative dielectric anisotropy and high resistivity. The fluoro-tolanes possess a modest birefringence and are useful for high contrast displays employing a homeotropic alignment. On the other hand, the fluoro diphenyl-diacetylenes have a larger birefringence. Their potential applications are in the infrared spatial light modulators and millimeter wave phase shifters.


The analysis of available data on changes in the depth of Lake Peschanoye in the vicinity of the Tomsk city during observations in the XX-XXI centuries is carried out. The results of modern measurements of the depth of this lake are presented.