Formononetin (1), isoliquiritigenin (2), echinatin (3), liquiritigenin (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), 3'-hydroxyformononetin (6) and isobavachalcone (7) were isolated from callus culture of Glycyrrhiza uralensis which was established on Murashige-Skoog's medium containing naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 2ppm), (2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2, 4-D, 1ppm) and benzyladenine (0.1ppm). Formononetin (1), 3'-hydroxyformononetin (6) and isobavachalcone (7) showed different patterns of production.


The newly-established universities must take as guidance the correct view on scientific research,vigorously promote "the application-oriented research" and "the teaching-oriented research",emphasize the regional and application features,strive for the mutual development of university and society and improve altogether the teaching level and the talent training quality.


On January 21, 1986, more than 200 Belgrade intellectuals addressed a petition to the Serbian and the Yugoslav federal Assemblies, protesting the failure of the Yugoslav government to stop the oppression of the Serb minority in Kosovo and accusing the Albanian provincial leadership of collusion with the Kosovar separatist movement and the Albanian state: "As is well known, the expulsion of the Serbs from Kosovo and Metohija has been going on for three centuries. Only the protectors of the tyrants have changed, the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany have been replaced by the Albanian state and the ruling institutions of Kosovo.


Size exclusion chromatography with dual detection, i.e., employing a refractive index, concentration sensitive, detector together with a multiangle light scattering detector which is sensitive to molecular size, has been applied to study the solution properties of guar gum in water with different concentrations of K2SO4 at 25 °C. The analysis of a single highly polydisperse sample is enough for obtaining calibration curves for molecular weight and radius of gyration and the scaling law coefficients. The influence of the ionic strength on the conformational properties of the polymer can also be analyzed. Moreover, unperturbed dimensions can be obtained by extrapolation of the values measured in a good solvent. The value of the characteristic ratio of the unperturbed dimensions thus obtained is Cn=〈r2〉0/nl2≈19±1. A theoretical analysis is also included. Thus, molecular dynamics procedures were employed to analyze the conformational properties of an oligomer of guar gum under different conditions; namely, st...


HISTORIOGRAPHER TO THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY; FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND; FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES, COPENHAGEN ; FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES ; ASSOCIATE OF THE IMPERIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF RUSSIA ; MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF QUEBEC J MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA-; AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW ENGLAND.


This paper is devoted to ethical issues of judicial conduct in the service and their outside their field of work. The authors of the study of this issue come to the conclusion that the moral quality of judges are the prerequisites of a fair and impartial administration of justice.


In this paper, the dispersion of rigid, highly elongated fibers in a turbulent channel flow is investigated. Fibers are treated as prolate ellipsoidal particles which move according to their inertia and to hydrodynamic drag and rotate according to hydrodynamic torques. The orientational behavior of fibers is examined together with their preferential distribution, near-wall accumulation, and wall deposition: all these phenomena are interpreted in connection with turbulence dynamics near the wall. In this work a wide range of fiber classes, characterized by different elongation (quantified by the fiber aspect ratio, λ) and different inertia (quantified by a suitably defined fiber response time, τp) is considered. A parametric study in the (λ,τp)-space confirms that, in the vicinity of the wall, fibers tend to align with the mean streamwise flow direction. However, this aligned configuration is unstable, particularly for higher inertia of the fiber, and can be maintained for rather short times before fibers ...


Micro-forming is one promising technology for manufacturing micro metal parts. However, the traditional metal-forming theories fail to analyze the plastic deformation behavior in micro-scale due to the size effect arising from the part geometry scaling down from macro-scale to micro-scale. To reveal the mechanism of plastic deformation behavior size effect in micro-scale, the geometrical parameters and the induced variation of microstructure by them need to be integrated in the developed constitutive models considering the free surface effect. In this research, the variations of dislocation cell diameter with original grain size, strain and location (surface grain or inner grain) are derived according the previous research data. Then the overall flow stress of the micro specimen is determined by employing the surface layer model and the relationship between dislocation cell diameter and the flow stress. This new developed constitutive model considers the original grain size, geometrical dimension and strain simultaneously. The flow stresses in micro-tensile tests of thin sheets are compared with calculated results using the developed constitutive model. The calculated and experimental results match well. Thus the validity of the developed constitutive model is verified.


Background ACO1 and IREB2 are two homologous cytosolic regulatory proteins, which sense iron levels and change iron metabolism–linked molecules. These two genes were noticeably decreased in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), which confer poor survival. Meanwhile, there is a paucity of information about the mechanisms and clinical significance of ACO1 and IREB2 downregulation in renal cancers. Methods The expression profiles of ACO1 and IREB2 were assessed using multiple public data sets via several bioinformatics platforms. Clinical and pathological information was utilized to stratify cohorts for comparison. Patient survival outcomes were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier plotter, a meta-analysis tool. The correlations of ACO1 and IREB2 with ferroptosis were further evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)–KIRC database. Tumor immune infiltration was analyzed using the CIBERSORT, TIMER, and GEPIA data resources. ACO1 antagonist sodium oxalomalate (OMA) and IREB2 inhibitor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to treat renal cancer ACHN cells together with sorafenib. Results KIRC patients with low ACO1 or IREB2 contents exhibited a remarkably worse survival rate in contrast with those with high expression in Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Meanwhile, ACO1 and IREB2 regulate autophagy-linked ferroptosis along with immune cell invasion in the tumor microenvironment in KIRC patients. Blocking the activation of these two genes by their inhibitors OMA and SNP ameliorated sorafenib-triggered cell death, supporting that ACO1 and IREB2 could be participated in its cytotoxic influence on renal cancer cells. Conclusion ACO1 and IREB2 downregulation in renal cancers were correlated with cancer aggressiveness, cellular iron homeostasis, cytotoxic immune cell infiltration, and patient survival outcomes. Our research is integral to verify the possible significance of ACO1 and IREB2 contents as a powerful signature for targeted treatment or novel immunotherapy in clinical settings.


Kosslyn (1987) proposed that categorical spatial relations (i.e., above/below) would be processed more effectively in the left hemisphere, whereas coordinate or metric relations would be processed more effectively in the right hemsphere. To examine his hypothesis, a sequential matching task adopted by Laeng and Peters (1995) was administered. In this task, a sample stimulus was presented in the central visual field and it was followed by a match stimulus presented briefly in the left or right visual field. In Experiment 1, the participants' task was a same– different discrimination about spatial relations. Participants responded faster to categorical changes in the right visual field presentation. This result was consistent with Kosslyn's hypothesis. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to make same–different judgements about objects (either a digit or a natural line drawing) irrespective of spatial location. They responded faster to digit (i.e., verbal) changes in the right visual field. This result was compatible with the classical notion that verbal materials would be processed more effectively in the left hemisphere. This evidence suggests that the matching paradigm of the present study is useful for investigating cerebral lateralisation not only for spatial relations but also for object processes.


Almost the same ultraviolet absorption spectra with a broad peak at 292-294 nm and a shoulder peak at 275 nm were observed for methanol solutions of 1-hydroxyindoles with various C-C-N b side chains at 3-position such as 1 -hydroxy-N b -methoxycarbonyltryptamine (1), N b -acetyl-11-hydroxytryptophan methyl ester (2), N, N-dimethyl-l-hydroxyindole-3-acetamide (3), and l-hydroxy-N b -pivaloyltryptamine (4). Dual fluorescence excitation and emission spectra resulting from 1 L a - 1 A and 1 L b - 1 A fluorescence emissions were observed for these 1-hydroxyindoles (1 - 4). Excitation spectra were found to be dependent on observing wavelength of broad fluorescence emission spectra (λ max = 346-350 nm for 1, 2, and 3; λ max = 366 nm for 4). Dual fluorescence behaviors can be explained by the fact that 1 L a state locates slight below 1 L b state, and it is supported by time-dependent density functional theory calculations of 1 - 4 in methanol. It is noteworthy that dual fluorescence behaviors are delicately modified by C-C-N b side chain at 3-position of indole ring.


Hepatic tolerance is demonstrated by spontaneous acceptance of liver allografts in mice. Hepatic dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in determining immunity or tolerance. In this study, we adopted an approach to transfect gene(s) into the mouse liver by tail‐vein injection of plasmid‐carrying genes. Transfection with GM‐CSF expanded liver CD11c+ myeloid DC (LMDC), while liver B220+CD11c− lymphoid DC (LLDC) were expanded after transfection of IL‐3 and CD40L. Flow analysis revealed that these liver DC subsets were phenotypically mature following overnight culture. However, in contrast to LMDC, LLDC induced hyporesponsiveness in allogeneic T‐cells, with suppressed secretion of both IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, and prolonged cardiac allograft survival. This immune regulatory DC population in the liver may play a role in modulating T‐cell immunity in the liver. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 17–20, 2006.


Radioactive 72Ga+ ions have been implanted at room temperature into misoriented silicon crystals to a low fluence of 1013 ions/cm2. The resulting depth distribution, measured by anodic stripping, shows a prominent penetrating tail. Previously, such tails have been observed only in high‐temperature bombardments and have therefore been attributed to an enhanced diffusion mechanism. It is shown that the scattering of ions into inclined planar or axial channels can account for all the Ga distributions observed. Some consequences for Si device fabrication are discussed.


Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common congenital bleeding disorder, affecting 1% of the population. Current treatment is suboptimal. Tachyphylaxis limits the use of DDAVP; potential transmissible agents limit the use of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) concentrate; and both require venous access. Recombinant human IL-11 (rhIL-11, Neumega), a gp-130 signaling cytokine with hematopoietic and anti-inflammatory activity, has recently been shown to increase VWF activity with good tolerance in mice, dogs, and healthy volunteers. We, therefore, initiated a prospective Phase II open label, escalating dose trial of rhIL-11 in subjects with type 1 VWD. VWD was defined by the presence of a bleeding history with at least two of four abnormal tests: F.VIII:C, VWF:RCo, VWF:Ag, PFA-100, and normal distribution of multimers. A total of six subjects completed the study, three each at 25 mcg/kg and 50 mcg/kg dose levels, and all were given rhIL-1 subcutaneously daily for 7 days. On day 4 of rhIL-11, VWF:RCo increased 32% over baseline to 107±9% (mean ± SE) at the 25 mcg/kg dose, and 70% over baseline to 179±55%, at the 50 mcg/kg dose; VWF:Ag levels increased similarly, to 102±38% and 240±120%, respectively; and FVIII:C and VIII:Ag each increased similarly, by up to 143% and 200%. Intravenous DDAVP at a dose of 0.3 mcg/kg given 30 minutes after rhIL-11 on day 7, induced a further increase in VWF:RCo, to 114±48% and 359±152%, and in VWF:Ag, to 113±33% and 277±21%, each respectively at the two rhIL-11 doses; and very high molecular weight VWF multimers were detected by gel elecrophoresis on plasma samples. These data suggest that rhIL-11 acts on other than the DDAVP releasable pool of VWF. The drug was well tolerated. Minor adverse events included hypertension, fluid retention, and hypokalemia, each at less than grade 1 toxicity. There was a mild dilutional decrease in hemoglobin related to fluid retention. There was no significant increase in platelet count. In conclusion, rhIL-11 increases VWF activity to levels in the range associated with clinical hemostasis, suggesting the potential use of rhIL-11 in treatment of clinical bleeding in type 1 VWD.


The notion of discovery eludes precise definition and as an event is often challenging to accurately attribute. One scholar at least has suggested the judicious use of qualifiers, "accidental," "ephemeral," and "effective," among others, to distinguish discovery's many forms and to more fairly credit historical actors.! Following their journeys to Central America in 1839 and 1841, John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood emerged, if not as the principal discoverers, then certainly as the principal rediscoverersof Maya civilization. For although other explorers and adventurers had preceded them, Stephens and Catherwood were both the first to systematically investigate Maya civilization and the first to convey its wonders to a wider world.2 It is difficult to overestimate the historical importance of Stephens and Catherwood to the study of the Maya. In fact in the sometimes hagiographic eyes of Stephens's biographer, Victor Wolfgang Von Hagen, the science of American archaeology was born on November 17, 1839, when Stephens and Catherwood entered the ruined Maya city ofCopan.3 Although modern scholars might debate the sensitivities of these two explorers, or the appropriateness of their motives, there seems to be little debate about their ultimate impact. The information they gathered and the conclusions they reached heightened public and professional interest in the civilizations of Mesoamerica, leading to increased research into both the architectural remains and the epigraphical record. Even in the twentieth century professional archaeologists continued to praise and use their work. 4 Stephens's attractive narrative prose, his systematic investigative approach, and his sensible conclusions regarding Maya origins, have rightly occupied pride of place among the reasons articulated for his initial popular success and the respect still accorded him today by modern Mayanists. Yet as the opening paragraph of this essay might be read to suggest, discovery, or at least effective discovery, also necessarily implies some meaningful promulgation of the event. In this respect other less obvious and perhaps overlooked cultural factors also played an important role in the rediscovery of the Maya. Stephens and Catherwood began their Central American travels toward the end of a period of collaboration between art and science in the examination of the natural world. Both artistic technology and public appetite created fertile ground for the dissemination of their geographi-


Since the popularization of networked computing that began in 1993, many excited educators have employed networked computers to improve motivation and learning in the classroom. Computers have also become a focal point for the improvement of instruction through the introduction of teaching methods that better support constructivist learning. While there is a growing consensus that computers can be an effective tool for talented teachers, little is known about the deeper effects of educational computing on children and their families when computer use is pervasive and family access at home is cost-free. This paper reports some of the results of a long-term study of families and students who have had immersive exposure to network-based educational computing in a constructivist classroom, starting in the 5th


Socioeconomic gaps in cancer mortality may be driven partially by poorer uptake of early detection behaviors among lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Lower SES groups may hold both fewer positive and more negative cancer beliefs that discourage these behaviors. We examined SES differences in positive and negative cancer beliefs in US adults.


This paper presents a novel system for application in evaluation of ashlar masonry walls inspected with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The system includes the following processing of the GPR signal: elimination of the background from the backscattered signals; depth resolution enhancing; automatic gain control for visualization; and automatic generation of B-Scans (radargrams) of the internal state of the wall. Inhomogeneities in the structure of the wall are detected from the B-Scans. Several experiments were made on scale models of historic ashlar masonry walls. Controlled loads with different weights were applied on the walls, and the corresponding B-Scans were obtained. It is demonstrated the capability of the system for the detection of nook and crack flaws, and for characterizing the deformations of the walls under different steps of weight loads.


The present invention provides (a) providing a sample to be inspected from the subject, and (b) the biomarker signature (signature) of the test sample by measuring the expression of one or more biomarkers in the selected test sample from the group defined in Table A determining or made in this respect, as a method for determining the presence of pancreatic cancer in the individual, the expression of biomarkers, one or more selected from the definitions in Table a in the test sample group is associated with a method that would indicate the presence of pancreatic cancer do. The invention also includes array and kit components for fraudulent use of the method of the present invention.


Objective: To evaluate the value of ureteroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 638 cases from Jan. 1997 to Jan. 2004 in our hospital. Results: Ureteroscope was applied into diagnoses in 89 cases, 81 cases were found in ureter and pelves, including stone in 37 cases, polys in 21 cases, tumors in 11 cases and stenoses in 12 cases. Ureteroscope was applied into treatments in 549 cases which included ureteric stones in 452 cases, ureteric stenoses in 23, ureteric double J catheter stagnation in 26. The rest were urethral stenoses, urethral stones, urethral valva and retrograde ureteric stent installment in 48 children. The total successful rate of stone clearing was 92.3%, and satisfactory results were obtained in other diseases. The overall complication rate was 3.1%. Conclusion: Ureteroscope has much great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of ureteropathy.


Surveillance systems have begun to be integrated into the common lives of humans and improved surveillance systems will spread even further. Systems manufacturers will continue to provide powerful surveillance systems with different aspects from single sensors to an abundance of different intelligent sensors. These different devices will have the ability to deliver a large variety of information to either remote or local surveillance personnel for immediate utilization or for extracting information about occurred events. The objective of this dissertation is to analyse the reduction of excessive information delivered to security personnel and the immediate delivery of essential alarms to security personnel by refining a design of a distributed multi-sensor intelligent surveillance system. The surveillance system created is reflected against the mobile and ubiquitous requirements of the end users of the surveillance system. The mobile requirement contains the reduction of excessive information distributed to the end user, a.k.a., the service personnel. The ubiquitous requirement consists of sensor data fusion and situation deduction. This dissertation uses a constructive research method, in which the results are validated by technical implementation and experimentation against mobile and ubiquitous requirements. The major results of this dissertation are the prototype implementations of the Single Location Surveillance Point (SLSP) system. It consists of a selective amount of sensors that collect readings from a single location, which is the surveillance point. Each sensor transmits its crude sensor data to a session server, which handles the connections between the components. The session server routes the crude sensor information to the logical decision making service. The logical decision making server automatically deducts the situation at the surveillance point based on the received sensor information. The logical decision making server informs the security manager server of the situation at the surveillance point. The security manager server's user interface displays essential information about the surveillance point to a human security administrator. The security manager server can transmit information to the nomadic security personnel's smart phones over wireless networks.


Sustainable product-service system (PSS) has potentiality to reduce the environmental stress through dematerialization of economy based on function-based well-being. PSS (also called as service) is a type of human-activity system with a series of events and is produced only after the
 demand from a consumer. The features of the events influence the consumer to act rationally according to the particular situations. Consumers must have freedom to choose a combination of relieving and enabling model of PSS to act rationally upon those according to the feature of events and
 the consumers have reasons to value their selection of services. A case of a complete journey of a passenger with urban mobility services is considered to visualize and realize the rational behaviour, which shows a systemic pattern and also autopoietic in nature.


In situ laser-monitored reactive ion etching is used to control ridge formation with 150-AA accuracy in fabricating double heterostructure InGaAs-GaAs strained layer single-quantum-well ridge waveguide lasers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Continuous-wave threshold current as low as 3.6 mA was obtained on devices with cleaved mirrors. High-reflectivity (96-70%) coated devices have the lowest threshold current at 2.1 mA.<<ETX>>


This document is one critical analysis of the regressivity of the tax system performs both work departmental level and at the municipal level. For the former, the outlook remains supported by the ability of regional governments to increase the vice so that the population increase the consumption of alcohol, snuff and game of chance, which are the backbone of its resources and they are classified as indirect taxes, which are regressive nature. On the other hand, municipal income present a similar result against tax inequity, since most of the own revenues come from consumption taxes (industry and trade), which is also characterized by regressive in nature.


138 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/JSR.2020.640134 Abstract: Technological Implementations in the field of Academics has helped Students as well as Professionals in very important ways. The availability of all educational resources helps the students a lot in their educational life. The paper illustrates a website model with the help of which Students can be able to access class notes, previous year question papers, syllabus, and can sell their old books from the same digital platform as well. The paper also describes the role of software engineering in project development. The project is developed on Django Framework; the backend development is in Python, Jinja2 and SQLite. The frontend consists of HTML, CSS and Java. Appropriate SDLC Model and Testing techniques have been used in the development process. Each step of the SDLC Model (Iterative Model) is described thoroughly and respective ER Diagrams and Flow Charts have been shown. The project developed is highly efficient, userfriendly and simple.


opaque to most American readers, social scientists or non-specialists, who are not accustomed to the distinctive terminology of Chinese politics. For example, it is clear to politically literate Chinese that, by virtue of the idea of "left in form but right in essence," political behavior which appears extremely "left" may merely be a disguised form of the "bourgeois line." For Americans, however, such dialectical inversions are difficult to fathom. Bettelheim would have strengthened his argument by paying more attention to the interpretation of this often confusing and obscure terminology. Second, the account suffers from a lack of cross-fertilization with other contemporary work in the field of Chinese industrial management and economic division of labor. Bettelheim does not mention Andors's excellent work on the subject (for example, in the latter's contribution to E. Friedman and M. Selden (eds.), America's Asia [New York: Pantheon, 1971]), nor Rensselaer Lee's work on the relation between politics and technology (for example, in his contribution to Chalmers Johnson (ed.), Ideology and Politics in Contemporary China [Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1973]). Though his theoretical chapters are provocative and focus on key intellectual and political problems, they are often too abstract to be cogent and fall short of Wheelwright and MacFarlane's more comprehensive and systematic treatment of the same topic in The Chinese Road to Socialism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970).


Imaging the intraocular tumor is multi-modal, multi-purposed, evolving and essential in the detection, diagnosis and surveillance of intraocular tumors. The most useful modalities for imaging intraocular tumors are drawing, photography, ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. A primary purpose of imaging the intraocular tumor is to document its precise appearance (and that of its secondary effects) at a point in time, thus permitting sequential images to accurately document change. However, an equally important reason for imaging is to gather diagnostic information that cannot be obtained from ophthalmic examination alone. The specific utility of each available imaging modality depends on the patient, tumor and ability of the clinician to interpret the data produced. Imaging the intraocular tumor is multi-modal, multi-purpose, evolving and essential in the detection, diagnosis and surveillance of intra- ocular tumors. A primary purpose of imaging the intraocular tumor is to document its pre- cise morphology (and that of its secondary effects) at a point in time, thus permitting sequential images to accurately document change. However, an equally important reason for imaging is to gather diagnostic information that cannot be obtained from ophthalmic examination alone. Additionally, ophthalmic images may be used as an important patient education tool as well as a communication aid when discussing patients between care pro- viders (such as between the ocular oncologist and the radiation oncologist when planning proton beam radiotherapy treatment). The specific utility of each available imaging modality depends on the patient, tumor and ability of the ocular oncologist to interpret it. It is beyond the scope of this article to discuss the specific clinical use of each imaging modality for every type tumor, as so many conditions exist. Instead, this article aims to present a general overview of the principles involved when using the most common imag- ing modalities to evaluate intraocular tumors and provide a few cases as examples.


Following Burstall and Hertrich-Jeromin we study the Ribaucour transformation of Legendre submanifolds in Lie sphere geometry. We give an explicit parametrization of the resulted Legendre submanifold $\hat{F}$ of a Ribaucour transformation, via a single real function $\tau$ which represents the regular Ribaucour sphere congruence $s$ enveloped by the original Legendre submanifold $F$.


A general introduction to ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of tokamak plasmas is given, using linear perturbations of the ideal MHD equations. Subsequently the Energy Principle for ideal M...


Discovery of new natural products (NPs) is critical both for diseases treatment and crops protection. Numerous NP biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in sequenced microbial genomes allow identification of new NPs through genome mining. Developing an integrated bioinformatic/experimental approach for discovering novel type II polyketides (PK-IIs) facilitates investigation of this family of NPs in an efficient, systematic way. Here, we developed an approach to analyze ketosynthase α/β (KSα/β) gene sequences to predict PK-II core structures, allowing us to target novel PK-II BGCs either from isolated genomic DNA or genomes from the NCBI databank, and to isolate novel PK-IIs produced by these BGCs. First, new degenerate primers were designed to amplify the region containing key "fingerprint residues" used as predictive indicators of the KSα/β gene product novelty. This work resulted in identification of several BGCs encoding potentially novel PK-IIs in the genomes of 54 Actinobacteria, including 38 unique environmental strains. Next, complete


For many years, the term "Ulsterization" has been a byword for the cynicism with which British governments decided to transfer the responsibility (as well as the human cost) for law enforcement to the local population of Northern Ireland. This analysis, however, demonstrates that Ulsterization has generally been misunderstood. Given that the expansion of local security forces was limited to the police, it is perhaps more appropriate to use the term "de-militarization." Also, the label "Ulsterization" has prevented students of the conflict from understanding the most significant development to follow from the policy changes of 1974-75, namely, the professionalization of the local security forces.


The Waltz Mill facility serves for accelerated testing of sample insulation and other evaluations that require a continuous high voltage, circulating load current, and computerized temperature and process control. The area is divided into a highvoltage test area where controlled three-phase voltage up to 345 kV is available, and an extra-high-voltage test area where control three-phase voltage up to 1100 kV is available. Testing of four 550-kV underground cable systems was performed in the EHV area. The system will be subjected to higher voltages and temperatures to establish their capability with 800 kV as a prime objective. Computers were developed for the management of accelerated life testing of cable samples. The four general types are data collecting and processing, alarming and detection of abnormal conditions, reports, and control programs. Dielectric dissipation factor values verify the performance of paper-insulated cables and a transformer ratio-arm bridge is used for these measurements. Partial discharge measurements on soliddielectric cables are recorded with a differential corona bridge. The measuring procedures are described. (MCW)


A thermotransfer method for plastics, wood, metal, or glass includes such steps as choosing transfer carrier and the article to be printed, wetting the transfer carrier, applying adhesive to the surface of chosen article, sticking the transfer carrier onto the surface of chosen article, heating for transferring, and tearing off the carrier.


A high accuracy and resolution finite difference method is first used to simulate numerically the compressible wake shear layers induced by flat plates with different thicknesses. The new method is named the Fu\|Ma UCD5\|SCD6 hybrid compact scheme. The fully two\|dimensional compressible Navier\|Stokes equations are directly solved. Based on the Steger\|Warming flux\|splitting technique, the convective terms are discretized by using the fifth\|order upwind compact difference method, while the dissipative terms are discretized by using sixth\|order symmetric compact difference method. A third\|order Rung\|Kutta method is selected for time marching. At convective Mach number M\-c=0\^3, four flat plate thicknesses and three upper incoming Mach numbers are considered. In all cases, the self\|excited large scale vortex coherent structures are captured successfully, and their spatial evolution such as eddy rollup and pairing is investigated. Results show that the flat plate thickness can obviously affect the coherent structures. Increasing the flat plate thickness can accelerate the vortex rollup and enhance mixing. Moreover, for the same convective Mach number, increasing incoming Mach number can delay the vortex rollup and damp the vortex pairing. This can somehow be attributed to the well\|known compressibility effect.


Introduction: noise pollution is present at school; therefore, it is important to know the sources of noise, the impact on the teacher's health and on teaching. Purpose: to evaluate the perception of elementary school teachers regarding the impact of noise in the school environment, as well as their vocal symptoms. Method: observational, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study. An inventory was applied, in which 26 teachers from the municipal network of the city of Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, (SC). participated. A questionnaire was applied with questions related to age, gender, working time, daily workload, impact and perception of noise in the school environment. The Voice Disorders Screening Index was used, a screening to identify risk for voice disorders in teachers. For the analysis of the association of results, the chi-square test was used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 53.57% of the teachers answered that there is excessive noise in the school and 57.14% consider that the noise inside the room harms the activities. The most disturbing external and internal sources of noise are courtyard, corridor, parallel conversations and fan. As for the reported vocal symptoms, the following stand out: dry throat, tiredness when speaking, throat clearing and hoarseness. Full-time teachers complained more about throat clearing. Conclusion: the subjects have the perception that the school environment is excessively noisy and causes damage to the development of activities. The participants have few voice-related complaints, the most


An exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations enables us to construct a hypothesis on the production of tachyons. The hypothesis determines the kinematical relations for the produced tachyon. It also makes possible to estimate the empiric conditions necessary for the production. These conditions can occur when nonpositive subatomic particles of high energy strike atomic nuclei other than the proton. This suggests how experiments to search for tachyons can be performed. According to the hypothesis properly designed experiments with air showers or with the use of the strongest colliders may be successful. Failure of the air shower experiments performed hitherto is explained on the grounds of the hypothesis.


Based on the sequence alignment of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,two pairs of primers were designed and synthesized in this study.Using the total DNA of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as template,the gene of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase(bgl) was amplified by PCR,which has about 750 bp in length.The gene was cloned into pTG19-T Easy vector,and the recombinant plasmid was identified by PCR,restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing.The homology analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequences of the cloned β-1,3-1,4-glucanase gene similar to the B.amyloliquefacines(M15674),B.subtilis(D00518) and B.licheniformis(AY365256)were 99%,95% and 94%,respectively.


: In this paper a novel method which provides 2-D position of a vehicle is proposed. This method makes use of global positioning system (GPS) measurement as well as odometric data and a digital road map. Here, we propose to fuse GPS and odometer with digital road map by employing the evidence theory to maintain a correct estimate of the location of a vehicle. The goal of the fusion is to exploit the advantages of each sensor while trying to mitigate their individual limitations. It involves combining the measurement results from different sensors in order to provide knowledge that is not evident from individual sources. The objective in using this combination is to reduce the position error in the presence of slippage, satellite masking, or signal degradation due to multi-path effects. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the use of the evidence theory in the positioning system.


This study aimed to examine the effect of information asymmetry and audit quality on earnings manajamen with information disclosure as moderating variable. Consistent with previous studies that information asymmetry, quality audit significant effect on earnings management. Information disclosure and earnings management gives an indication of the negative correlation. Increased disclosure causes managers the flexibility to perform earnings management will less. There is a relationship of audit quality and earnings management. The hypothesis put forward whether there is a positive relationship between the information asymmetry on the earnings management, a negative relationship between the quality auditor with earnings management, negative relationship information disclosure to earnings management, information disclosure has a negative correlation relationship with information asymmetry to earnings management, the information disclosure has a positive relationship with audit quality to profit management. Results showed that the information asymmetry, quality auditors, disclosure does not significantly affect the earnings management. The relationship disclosure information to information asymmetry moderate on earnings management is not significant. The relationship information disclosure moderate of audit quality on earnings management is not significant. Keywords: information asymmetry, audit quality, earnings management, information disclosure, discretionary accruals


Rate constants for the Michael addition of CN− in water, aqueous sulfolane, and DMSO, and MeO− in MeOH to eight mono- and disubstituted 1,1-diaryl-2,2-dinitroethylenes were measured. The ρ values a...


Each year semiconductor manufacturers spend millions of dollars in the development of new products. It can be very costly to create on silicon a newly developed circuit, especially if it is not very manufacturable or poorly designed. To eliminate risk it is of utmost importance that circuit simulation be done correctly in the early stages of development. Simulation can only be as good as the model being used. Almost all designers whether digital, analogue, or mixed mode use SPICE to simulate their circuits. SPICE accuracy is inherently dependent on the discrete element models being used, i.e. transistors, diodes, mosfets. Development of models usually includes physical measurements, SPICE parameter extraction from the measurement data, and then SPICE simulation to verify the extracted model parameters. This can be a tedious and time consuming process. To speed up this process as well as make it much easier to accomplish, a computer program has been written to aid in the extraction of SPICE parameters for bipolar transistors. To use the program all that is needed is Gummel-Poon data, collector current vs collector-emitter bias voltage data, junction capacitance vs voltage data, and Ft vs collector current data. The user can then methodically choose a parameter of interest and vary the value and immediately see the effect on simulation on screen in a graphical


Objective:To observe the effect and security of Cisapride in treating preterm neonates feeding intolerance. Methods:Seventy-two cases of preterm neonates with feed intolerance were divided into two groups randomly. All were treated with nasal feed. Besides conventional treatment,the patients in the treatment group were treated with cisapride 0.2 mg/kg each time 30 min before feeding,5~7 days as a course. Results:After treatment with cisapride,patients' quantity of BF was (110±42) mL/kg,gastric retention volume was (1.60±0.61)mL,the weight gain was (1.12±0.51) kg. Compared with control group,there were significant differences (P0.01). Conclusions:Cisapride has definite therapeutic effect in treating preterm neonates with feeding intolerance and it is cheap and secure and worth popularizing.


Sub-wavelength periodic nano-holes produce extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) and have been used in biochemical sensing. However, to date the widely used single-layered nano-hole film turns to have reached its limit in accuracy and sensitivity. To provide new insights, this paper proposes to combine the classic Fabry-Pérot interferometer with nano-hole array structure so that both the high-reflectance mirrors of the interferometer are one single-layered nano-hole film. We explored the optical transmission properties for such double-layered nano-hole gold films by simulation studies, and found that i) the transmission spectrum for different in-plane hole-hole misalignments tends to be identical when the layer-layer gap is big enough (e.g., 600 nm), ii) the transmittance doubles in comparison to the single-layered nano-holes when the gap satisfies the resonant condition of the Fabry-Pérot interferometer, and iii) the sensitivity for sensing the refractive index of medium doubles as well and the full width at half maximum for the peak resonant wavelength gets sharper. These favorable properties enable the double-layered nano-holes to outperform the single-layered in accuracy and sensitivity.


A series of compounds were studied which had increasing alkyl chain length between an aromatic group and a tertiary amine. In this homologous series, a maximum in retention versus alkyl chain length was found for a wide range of mobile phases using either a silica gel column or a cyanopropyl-bonded silica gel column. One nonaqueous mobile phase using an octadecyl-bonded silica gel column also showed this maximum. The selectivity between E and Z geometric isomers found with the shorter chain analogues decreased with increasing chain length greater than about pentyl, with eventual complete loss of resolution. A few normal-phase solvents produced a reversal of the usual E−Z elution order. 1H NMR assignments are described for the individual geometric isomers. NMR studies and ab initio calculations indicate that a folded conformation in solution is possible for the longer chain analogues. The unusual retention patterns are most likely due to a combination of localized adsorption and analyte solution conformati...


In this paper, the polarization of an oxygen electrode in rechargeable lithium oxygen batteries was investigated and found to be closely related to the fading of discharge capacity and ceasing of cycling. Electrochemical tests showed that with an α-MnO 2 catalyzed air electrode, the cell could deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 2300 mAh g -1 of carbon with rapid fading to 150 mAh g -1 at the fourth cycle. When the cell was cycled at a restricted depth of discharge, the cycle life could be prolonged. Electrochemical impedance spectra responses and scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the discharged product could block the air pathway, increase electrochemical resistance, and lose electrical contact. To improve the electrochemical performance of lithium oxygen batteries, the oxygen reduction catalyst and the structure of the O 2 electrode deserve further investigation.


While interactive voice response (IVR) systems were rapidly making their way into the workplace, speech scientists were working hard to improve the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems to foster their acceptance among potential customers. In the last five years, great strides have been made in this regard, and the commercial use ASR is on the rise. The purpose of this panel is to explore the impact that ASR is (or is not) having on the design of IVR systems that were envisioned originally to operate solely via touch-tone input.


Objective To explore the value of sixty four slice MSCT in the diagnosis of arterial injury of extremities.Methods Sixty four slice MSCT was used to examine 23 patients with arterial injury in lower extremities or upper extremities to summarize the imaging characteristics.Results The inaging quallity was good enough to meet the repuirements of clinical diagnosis in all cases.CTA showed normal arterial in 5 cases,therre were arteria fragmentation 8 cases in the 18 arterial injury,arteria occlusion 4 cases,arteria stenosis 4 cases,1 case was pseudoaneurysm and 1 case was arterial-venous.Conclusion The MSCTS is very accurate for diagnosing the arterial injury of extremities,it could be used as a screening technique.


There is plenty of evidence for market failures that motivate government intervention for innovation in general and research and development (R&D) in particular. R&D subsidies are a policy tool of major importance - both in theory and practice. The empirical evidence for the effectiveness of R&D subsidies is mixed, with some studies finding them effective and others concluding the opposite. In part this could be because methodological problems plague the literature. Finland and Norway have relied extensively on R&D subsidies in their innovation policy, yet Finland seems to have succeeded where Norway has failed. A comparison of the countries suggests that the difference may be due to the more horizontal nature and implementation of Finnish R&D subsidy policy with regard to both firms and industries, but the Norwegian failure may also be due to a shift in the technological regime.


(57) ABSTRACT Biocompatible hydrogel capsules encapsulating mammalian cells having a diameter of greater than 1 mm, and optionally a cell free core, are disclosed which have reduced fibrotic overgrowth after implantation in a subject. Methods of treat ing a disease in a Subject are also disclosed that involve administering a therapeutically effective amount of the dis closed encapsulated cells to the Subject.


Background: Endometriosis affects women of reproductive age, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Typically, it overlaps other similar medical and surgical conditions, determining a delay in early diagnosis. Metabolomics allows studying metabolic changes in different physiological or pathological states to discover new potential biomarkers. We used the gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) to explore metabolic alterations in endometriosis to better understand its pathophysiology and find new biomarkers. Methods: Twenty-two serum samples of patients with symptomatic endometriosis and ten without it were collected and subjected to GC–MS analysis. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were performed, followed by pathway analysis. Results: Partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to determine the differences between the two groups (p = 0.003). Threonic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and proline increased significantly in endometriosis patients, while alanine and valine decreased. ROC curves were built to test the diagnostic power of metabolites. The pathway analysis identified the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies and the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan as the most altered pathways. Conclusions: The metabolomic approach identifies metabolic alterations in women with endometriosis. These findings may improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease and the discovery of new biomarkers.


Strengthening forest tending and management is one important content of forestry transformation upgrading,and accomplishing scientific development in the new era in china.According to the requirement of individual guidance,forest tending and management technologies such as cultivating young and middle age forest,large timber and rare trees cultivating;necessary nurture and transformation are carried out for ecological non commercial forest under the condition of not destroy native plant community.In order to ensure that forest tending and management to be accomplished in high quality and on schedule,it is necessary to have supporting measures like organizing,technology and funding.


Covid-19 has dramatically impacted the SME sector since April 2020. The government has taken steps to support SMEs as part of the national economic recovery efforts during the pandemic. However, surveys conducted by institutions like BPS, Bappenas, and the World Bank have shown that SMEs need help with loan repayment and meeting expenses for electricity, gas, and employee salaries. SMEs face the challenges of layoffs, limited access to raw materials and capital, declining customers, and production and distribution constraints. Furthermore, changing consumer behavior, business competition, and activity restrictions require proactive measures from SMEs. To address these challenges, a team has proposed a sustainable solution - virtual outlets. Based on virtual reality technology, these outlets allow SMEs to display and sell their products in a digital environment. Visitors can explore every aspect of the virtual outlets, simulating the experience of visiting physical stores without needing in-person visits. This aligns with the new standard of physical/social distancing. Visitors can conveniently support SMEs through online transactions by leveraging virtual outlets, eliminating the need to visit physical stores.


In human beings, as in mice, two distinct patterns of cytokine secretion have been defined among CD4 + helper T‐cell clones. Human type 1 helper (Th1), but not type 2 helper (Th2), cells produce interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), gamma‐interferon (IFN‐γ), and tumor necrosis factor‐β, whereas Th2, but not Th1, cells secrete IL‐4 and IL‐5, but not IL‐2 or IFN‐γ. Other cytokines, such as IL‐3, IL‐6, GM‐CSF, or TNF‐α, are produced by both Th1 and Th2 cells. The cells, a third Th subset, show combined production of Th1‐and Th2‐type cytokines. The different cytokine patterns are associated with different functions. In general, Th2 cells provide an excellent helper function for B‐cell antibody production, particularly of the IgE class. On the other hand, Th1 cells are responsible for delayed type hypersensitivity reactions and are cytolytic for autologous antigen‐presenting cells, including B cells. Most allergen‐ or helminth‐antigen‐specific human CD4 + T‐cell clones exhibit a Th2 phenotype, whereas most clones specific for bacterial antigens show a Th1 profile. Allergen‐specific Th2 cells seem to play a crucial role in atopy. These cells induce IgE production via IL‐4 and favor the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of eosinophils via IL‐5. In addition, Th2‐derived IL‐3 and IL‐4 are mast‐cell growth factors that act in synergy, at least in vitro. Recent evidence indicates that allergen‐specific Th2 cells are selectively enriched in tissues affected by allergic inflammation, such as the bronchial mucosa of subjects with allergic asthma. However, the reason why allergens preferentially expand Th2 cells in atopics is unknown. A number of factors may influence Th subset differentiation into Th1 or Th2 cells. At present, the IL‐4 produced in the microenvironment in which antigen is presented to Th cells seems to be the major factor favoring Th2 development. In this connection, the aberrant production of IL‐4 (and IL‐5) exhibited by T cells from atopics, even in response to bacterial antigens, may be of great importance.


1983 sees the 400th anniversary of grotius' birth. This is an appropriate time to consider what the netherlands has made of – and is still making of – the enormous heritage of this great dutchman.


This research aimed to know the land characteristic for the plantation of palm (elevation, elongation, effective depth, drainage, texture, soil acidity, soil salinity, rainy rate, temperature, rock surface, dept rock layer, cation of soil) on each the form of existing area at the Kinali district of West Pasaman Regency. The unity of form of existing area which is observed consisted of six units of land form and the sample for this research was just five units of land form. Technique of taking the sample was random sampling strategy that is a technique of taking sample by using strata of land form. The analysis of data in this research used descriptive analysis, it an analysis of contrastive tables between land characteristic (elevation, elongation, effective depth, drainage, texture, soil acidity, soil salinity, rainy rate, temperature, rock surface, cation of soil) compared with the feasibility level of the land for the plantation of palm. The result of research showed that: 1) there were support factors and barrier factors. Some support factors are: temperature, texture of soil, elevation, surface of rock, dept rock layer, soil acidity and cation of soil) while the barrier factors are rainy rate, drainage, curve elongation and salinity). 2) there were a feasibility level of the land for the plantation of palm at Kinali District showed that the level of the land came into feasible category to plant the palm which occupied in the form unit of the land, those are, Fluvial layer, Volcanic line, volcanic hill, under and middle elongation of  mountain area.


A dual data pulse width modulator has been proposed and demonstrated for simultaneous wireless measurement of two sensors. The measured modulation sensitivity of the two inputs were 84.69 and 85.16 μs/V, respectively. Here, redox potential and temperature were measured wirelessly using the proposed circuit. The measured redox potential showed fairly good linearity for a concentration ratio of hexacyanoferrate (III) to (II) ranging from 10-2 to 102 and the slope was 58.0 mV/decade, almost the same as the theoretical value. Temperature change measurement shows a sensitivity of 9.501 μs/°C in the range of 25-40°C. The chip area and power consumption were 0.36 mm2 and 650 μW, respectively, using 1.2-μm, 2-metal, 2-poly CMOS technology.


A case of cryptococcal hepatitis is described in a patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. There has been no previous reports of this in the East African literature. A review of world literature showed that the entity of cryptococcal hepatitis is very rare.


Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Muller was soaked by white spot syndrome virus(WSSV).Then white spot syndrome virus was detected by PCR and dot blot hybridization before and after soaking Brachionus plicatilis.The results show that Brachionus plicatilis is WSSV negative after WSSV soaking.It indicates that Brachionus plicatilis may not transmit WSSV.


Objective: To determine the reasons for removal of the eye at the
Irrua Specialist Teaching hospital, Irrua, Edo State, southern Nigeria.
Method: A retrospective study of all cases of enucleation and evisceration carried out over a 10-year period – July 1997 to June 2007 – at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. Data
from theatre records and case notes were analysed with respect to age, sex, interval between onset of symptoms and presentation, indications for surgery and type of surgery
done.
Results: A total of 42 patients had enucleation or evisceration during the period, accounting for 6.96% of all ophthalmic surgeries (603) over the same period. Eight eyes were
enucleated (19.05%) and 34 eyes were eviscerated (80.95%). There were 21 males (50%) and 21 females (50%). The most common reason for removal of the eye was a ruptured globe secondary to severe ocular trauma (35.71%). This was followed by panophthalmitis (26.19%) and intraocular tumours (9.52%). Forty patients (95.2%) presented after one
week of onset of ocular lesions; 20(47.6%) had used traditional eye medication, and 4 (9.5%) had used eye drops containing corticosteroids.
Conclusion: Health education programmes aimed at increasing public awareness on dangers of self medication, the use of native medication and the need to present early to hospital are highly recommended. Also, protective goggles and helmets with plastic facial coverings are recommended for workers who are at risk for eye trauma. Keywords : eye, enucleation, evisceration, Nigeria Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 16 (1) 2008: pp. 16-19


Abstract The decline in importance of private defined benefit plans in relation to defined contribution plans in the United States is a major issue of interest to pension actuaries. This decline has been attributed to numerous factors: costs of government regulation, societal and cultural changes, changed employer attitudes, and employees' lack of understanding of defined benefit plans. It has also caused some observers to proclaim the end of private defined benefit plans. This paper analyzes possible macroeconomic factors contributing to the crisis of defined benefit plans and proposes an alternative hypothesis for the cause of the crisis: the decline of the relative attractiveness of defined benefit plans in relation to defined contribution plans when these are viewed as investments, that is, as securities in capital markets.


The factors that influence the microwave dielectric properties of MgTiO3 ceramics were investigated. By doping MgTiO3 ceramics with Ca, Zn, Nb, La and Ni, the improved MgTiO3 ceramics of high Q (1/ tan), low TC and low sintering temperature were obtained. The ceramics can be used in the global positioning system, dielectric filters and dielectric resonator.


The reliable production of high quality juvenile fish is still hampered in marine aquaculture due to the enormous mortality in the larval stages, which is often caused by the outbreak of infectious diseases. Early life stages are extremely susceptible towards pathogens because they lack a mature immune system. Conventional disease prevention relies on the prophylactic use of antibiotics, selecting for antibiotic-resistant bacteria making treatments less and less efficient. Accordingly, the development of alternative health management strategies is one of the key factors for the progress towards a more sustainable aquaculture industry. A possibility to increase the disease resistance in early developmental stages is the stimulation of the immune system by steering the gastrointestinal microbiota. Even though it is recognized that a healthy gastrointestinal microbiota is a prerequisite for the host´s well-being, the mechanisms underlying the interdependency between gastrointestinal microbiota and immunity are not very well understood in fish. In my thesis, I explored different possibilities to stimulate the immune system in early life stages of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a key species in European aquaculture. I investigated immunological processes on a cellular and molecular level as well as the larval microbiota, life history traits and disease resistance.


Automatic face recognition system poses a various difficult problem using different age faces. Mostly face recognitions have addressed variation in ages problems like age simulation or age estimation. Age invariant is a complex procedure that influences both face texture and the shape of face. In automatic face recognition system these texture and shape changes degrade the performance. The problem is designing an effective matching framework of face recognition system using different images of aging. In this paper to develop a model for automatic age invariant face recognition model using facial features. In the model, extract the facial features like eye, mouth and nose in the given image based on the illumination method. Once the eye, nose, and mouth are detected, need for aligning the face. The face alignment depends on the angle between the eye and mouth coordinates. Once the face alignment completed, calculate the eigenvalue and eigenvectors of co-variance matrix. Then find difference between all features to get a difference vector. The eigenfaces calculates the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Compare these distance vectors for all faces to get a most match value or minimum mismatch value. Give the face with the most matches or minimum mismatch value as the output. The results of various experiments shows that this method outperforms the usage of the face aging data sets of IFDA. A fusion of age invariant face recognition using facial features model further improves the accuracy of the face matching in the presence of aging.


The invention relates to television networks, and provides a method for recognizing television network operators and the models of set-top boxes. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a client makes a region search request to a server, and the server searches for corresponding region information according to the IP value of the request made by the client; secondly, the server extracts an operator list corresponding to a region according to the found region information; thirdly, the server extracts a remote control code list of all the set-top boxes subordinated to the operators according to the extracted operator list and associates the operators with the remote control code list to form operator and remote control code correspondence information; fourthly, the server pushes the operator and remote control code correspondence information to the client; finally, the client receives the operator and remote control code correspondence information and then recognizes the operators and the models of the set-top boxes according to the key code matching method. Thus, the effect of quickly and effectively recognizing the television network operators and the models of the set-top boxes is achieved. The method is suitable for recognizing the television network operators and the models of the set-top boxes.


In a small percentage of normal embryos and in a higher percentage of embryos centrifuged prior to the first cleavage the positions of the polar bodies and the site of the first cleavage furrow do not coincide. These cases have been used to establish whether polar body formation sites or first cleavage initiation sites correlate best with the oral-aboral axis of the embryo. In all cases when the first cleavage is initiated at a site different from the site where the polar bodies were given off, the pattern of the first four cleavages is normal, the segregation of comb plate potential at these stages is normal, and the larvae that form are normal. The extent to which comb plate potential is localized along the oral-aboral axis of the embryo prior to the first cleavage, during the first cleavage and at the 2-cell stage was also examined. These experiments demonstrate that the oral-aboral axis is established at the time of the first cleavage, that cleavage plays a causal role in setting up the axis, and that comb plate-forming potential begins to be localized in the aboral region of the embryo at this time.


The exciton states of semiconducting carbon nanotubes are calculated by a tight-binding model supplemented by Coulomb interactions under the combined effect of uniaxial strain and magnetic field. It is found that the excitation energies and absorption spectra of zigzag tubes (11,0) and (10,0) show opposite trends with the strain under the action of the magnetic field. For the (11,0) tube, the excitation energy decreases with the increasing uniaxial strain, with a splitting appearing in the absorption spectra. For the (10,0) tube, the variation trend firstly increases and then decreases, with a reversal point appearing in the absorption spectra. More interesting, at the reversal point the intensity of optical absorption is the largest because of the degeneracy of the two bands nearest to the Fermi Level, which is expected to be observed in the future experiment. The similar variation trend is also exhibited in the binding energy for the two kinds of semiconducting tubes.


'We have been too early acquainted with the poetical heroes to expect any pleasure from their revival; to show them as they always have been shown, is to disgust by repetition; to give them new qualities or adventures, is to offend by violating received notions.' With this quotation from Samuel Johnson Professor Stanford began his masterly account of the Ulysses theme in literature. Johnson was an acute critic, but here he has gone badly astray, misled perhaps by the rationalism of his age and by his own preference for plain talk and common sense. The eighteenth century, however, was not alone in questioning the value of myth. Surprisingly there is a hint of the same attitude in Virgil (Geo. iii.3-8), and even at the height of the Romantic revival the voice of the sceptic could be heard: 'We know too that there are no Dryads in Hyde-park nor Naiads in the Regent's-canal.'1 Professor Stanford's book demon strated the superficiality of all such views and showed how imagi native writers have always been able to quarry new material out of the legends of the past. I have thought it appropriate, therefore, to a volume in honour of Professor Stanford to turn to this subject once more and to examine the way in which one of the most innovative of Latin poets responded to the tales of Homeric epic. On the face of it Propertius is an unlikely writer to manifest the influence of Homer. He was professedly an Alexandrian, and elegy and epic belong to different worlds of style and feeling. There can be no doubt, however, that he knew the text of Homer intimately. His debts are plain to see and they encompass half the books of the Iliad and more of the Odyssey. He could recall not only the grand scenes but even such trivial details as that Eurypylus was the Homeric king of Cos (iv.5.23) or that the name of the goddess who guarded the cattle of the Sun was Lampetie (iii. 12.29). Indeed the imitation of Homer is sometimes sufficiently close to be of use to the editor and the textual critic. A line of Iliad 21 enabled Wolff to correct the muddled manuscript reading at iii. 1.27, and there are at least three other disputed passages where the Homeric evidence, if not decisive, needs to be weighed carefully.2 As we shall see, the same is true for problems of exegesis. In the sphere of myth the extent of Propertius' debt to Homer is difficult to assess precisely. Since the Iliad and the Odyssey provided


Through quantitative surveys carried out in the cities of Recife, Maceio and Santa Cruz do Capibaribe and the statistical test of Chi-square, we show an association between the voters' judgments regarding the mayor's management and the evaluation of the health service. This means that mayors who take care of health create suitable conditions for their re-election. This article reveals that spontaneous identification by the voter of the main problem of the municipality is not relevant to decipher the reasons that motivate him to judge the mayor. However, identifying the problem spontaneously in the universe of health service users is relevant to deciphering the reasons for the judgment of the mayor's management.


Gonadal development, gonadosomatic index (GSI), oocyte diameter, fecundity, histology and level of serum steroid hormones (testosterone and estradiol-17 β ) were observed in captive striped murrel ( Channa striatus Bloch) implanted with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) capsules and cholesterol capsules as control for a period of five months after implantation. HCG implants induced a significant increase in the GSI of male and female fish. The GSI values were highest in the fourth month (December) and lowest in the first month (September) in HCG implanted fishes. Variation in ova diameter of control and HCG implanted fishes revealed the presence of large size ova in HCG implanted fishes throughout the study period. Similarly, a significant increase in the fecundity of HCG implanted fishes was also observed. Fecundity was highest in December (15415 eggs) in HCG implanted fish, whereas only 2245 eggs were observed from control fish in the above sampling period. In control fish, only perinucleolar and primary oocytes were observed throughout the study period. Similarly, in testis, spermatogonia and few spermatocytes were observed till the end of the study period. Histological examination of the gonads of HCG implanted fish showed that numerous oogonia were present in the ovary after one month of HCG implantation which continued to develop into vitellogenic oocytes in the third and fourth months. The ovary in the fifth month of sampling of HCG implanted fish consisted of oocytes having


There is no communication without disturbing background effects, and this static is likely to be greatest in the pedagogical communication between one who knows and one who is to learn ... Communication can only be regarded as pedagogical when every effort is made to eliminate the faulty signals inherent in an incomplete knowledge of the code and to transmit the code in the most efficient way E Ellsworth


Last year, the author attended this meeting and outlined some of the actions the US DOE would be taking to reblue the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program. They took those initiatives. During the past year, US DOE significantly restructured their program. They defined two major ``business centers``--the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project and the Waste Acceptance, Storage and Transportation Project. They also created a management component for the program that provides integration and support to the director and the projects. They defined their goals and laid a course to meet them. In the past year, the achievement that probably is most important to the future success of their program is the increased level of financial support that has been provided. Congress, acting on its belief that US DOE can and will achieve their objectives, agreed to the administration`s proposed 40 percent increase in funding for fiscal year 1995, despite severe government wide budgetary restrictions. Most of the additional funding received for fiscal year 1995 was allocated to Yucca Mountain Site Characterization activity. The new approach is scientifically sound and reasonably achievable given resource limitations. The US DOE set forth explicit tasks and associated the tasks with target dates and costs.


In June 1985, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SNV) and the National Energy Administration Agency (SEV) began to study how incinerator emissions could be reduced. The main strategies that were pursued were improving combustion and flue gas clearing technologies. The study also evaluated the financial consequences of implementing these new combustion and flue gas technologies. This article discusses the conclusions of the waste-to-energy study. SNV and SEV proposed guidelines that are goals to be attained as the technology of the waste-to-energy industry advances. This article outlines these goals and concludes that combustion is an acceptable method for treatment of household and industrial wastes provided the emission limitations given by the goals are met.


The teaching profession, particularly in the field of TESOL, seems to be in the midst of transition, with teachers facing questions in regard to content, methods, audience, underlying principles, and goals of their teaching and, perhaps most importantly, their own professional identity in and out of the classroom. This chapter explores the issue of teacher identity and position in the fast-changing setting of the Qatari educational system, based on the author's own story as a non-native English-speaking teacher of English in Qatar and incorporating other NNES teachers' narratives. Using interviews and focused analysis of teachers' stories, the author investigates commonalities and contrasts in the way we formulate and practise teaching philosophies , examining how we are/can be teachers, native and non-native alike, in the TESOL landscape of Qatar.


s S15 CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 170 Quantification of regional perfusion during dipyridamole stress before and after revascularization of left anterior descending coronary artery by real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography. M. Previtali 1 , L. Scuteri 1, P. De Filippo 1, M. Ferlini 1, M. Revera 1, L. Lanzarini 1, U. Canosi 1, C. Klersy 2, L. Tavazzi 1. 1IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Cardiology Dept., Pavia, Italy; 2IRCCS Policlinico S.Matteo, Biometry Unit, Pavia, Italy Aim of the study: To evaluate the ability of real-time myocardial contrast echo (MCE) to detect changes in regional perfusion before and after revascularization of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and to correlate perfusion parameters with regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). Method: 18 pts, 11 men, aged 59±8 yrs, with >50% stenosis of LAD underwent real-time MCE with Sonovue (Bracco) using Power Doppler Harmonic Imaging (Vivid 7 GE) at baseline and during dipyridamole stress (0.84 mg/kg in 4') and QCA before and 1-4 weeks after successful coronary revascularization of LAD by angioplasty or bypass surgery. MCE time-intensity data in 2 regions of interest [proximal (PSE) and distal septum (DSE)] were fitted to the exponential function y= A(1-e -bt)+c, where A is the peak plateau signal intensity, b the rate of signal increase and the product Axb is proportional to regional myocardial blood flow. Results: see table.


How often do research papers discuss measurement uncertainty or present error bars in observational or statistical analysis figures?

In an attempt to address this issue using space physics as an example, we conducted a survey of 102 observational Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics articles that were published over a time span of 7 months. Unfortunately, the majority (56) did not discuss measurement uncertainty or present error bars in observational or statistical analysis figures.


In a previous work [Pasini L and Sabatini S 2016 TASK Quart. 20 (1) 9], we described a technique that allows a specific system of urban traffic to be associated to a description file system, called Model.dat. This file contains a list of data objects that are defined in the library [Pasini L and Feliziani S 2013 TASK Quart. 17 (3) 155] and that form the architecture model of a vehicular traffic system. This model turns out to be a network of queuing systems. In this work, we illustrate how we adapted the old procedure to study a new urban traffic system. Moreover, through a new tracking procedure, we illustrate how we developed a graphic simulation able to reinterpret the data from the simulation of the queuing networks model, in order to make it easier to check the effectiveness of the simulator and to have a graphical way to analyze the data.


This paper addresses the use of new and recently developed JAYA algorithm for the single machine scheduling problem. The goal is to find a schedule for the job sizes which minimizes the sum of earliness and tardiness penalties. The data files from ORLibrary are collected and matlab code is developed for the JAYA algorithm. The performance of the JAYA algorithm is compared with the best known results. The average improvement rate percentage of the JAYA algorithm from upper bounds is lower than the best known results


Dark-current degradation, origins, and annealing behavior after X-ray irradiation are studied in a p-type, hole collecting, backside-illuminated (BSI) image sensor currently being developed at STMicroelectronics and based on deep-trenched photo-metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) pixels. Different biasing conditions during irradiation, i.e., grounded or biased and sequenced, are compared. The dark-current increase with total ionizing dose (TID) and the dark-current annealing behavior seem to be driven by the backside interface between the P-epitaxy of the pixels and the oxide–nitride–oxide (ONO) stack. Despite still being under development, this pixel architecture already exhibits both very good electro-optical performance and a better radiation hardness than pinned photodiode (PPD)-based CMOS image sensors (CISs) that benefit from the same advanced CIS processing technologies. At high total dose range, the photogate challenges custom radiation-hardened-by-design photodiodes by exhibiting a comparable radiation tolerance while bringing new features, such as high resolution or correlated double sampling (CDS).


To create a generic system composed of Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266 and various custom made Printed circuit boards for resistor based GPIO interfacing with MCU's. The system is designed with a global multidimensional perspective for any requirement needed. The system features an interface for I2C devices, furthermore I2C devices can work in master slave mode, SPI devices working on MISO, MOSI, SCK pulses from either the Arduino or Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi revision 2 or Raspberry Pi revision 3 may be interchangeably used for the system and support for RALink Wi-Fi Adapter (RT2501/RT2573) on Rpi version 2 is provided. Furthermore easy pulse phase modulation based Trans receiver is coupled for close range accurate communication. Actuation is based on Servos and BO motors. The system features an onboard Camera and Gripper. Camera actuates in both X and Y axis, same with the Gripper. The system is powered by a 3055 transistor and multiple hybrid combinations of Li-Po and Li-Ion batteries ranging from 7.4V to 11.1V. Index Terms RaLink, Wi-Fi, Raspberry Pi, Actuation, Revision, multidimensional, I2C, SPI.


Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive tumor that is characterized in most cases by inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene VHL. The VHL/HIF/VEGF pathway thus plays a major role in angiogenesis and is currently targeted by anti‐angiogenic therapy. The emergence of resistance is leading to the use of targeted immunotherapy against immune checkpoint PD1/PDL1 that restores antitumor immune response. The correlation between VHL status and PD‐L1 expression has been little investigated. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 98 consecutive cases of ccRCC and correlated PD‐L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with clinical data (up to 10‐year follow‐up), pathological criteria, VEGF, PAR‐3, CAIX and PD‐1 expressions by IHC and complete VHL status (deletion, mutation and promoter hypermethylation). PD‐L1 expression was observed in 69 ccRCC (70.4%) and the corresponding patients had a worse prognosis, with a median specific survival of 52 months (p = 0.03). PD‐L1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognostic factors such as a higher ISUP nucleolar grade (p = 0.01), metastases at diagnosis (p = 0.01), a sarcomatoid component (p = 0.04), overexpression of VEGF (p = 0.006), and cytoplasmic PAR‐3 expression (p = 0.01). PD‐L1 expression was also associated with dense PD‐1 expression (p = 0.007) and with ccRCC with 0 or 1 alteration(s) (non‐inactivated VHL tumors; p = 0.007) that remained significant after multivariate analysis (p = 0.004 and p = 0.024, respectively). Interestingly, all wild‐type VHL tumors (no VHL gene alteration, 11.2%) expressed PD‐L1. In this study, we found PD‐L1 expression to be associated with noninactivated VHL tumors and in particular wild‐type VHL ccRCC, which may benefit from therapies inhibiting PD‐L1/PD‐1.


The invention relates to a composite extracting method for forsythin, forsythiaside A and rutin in forsythia suspense leaves, which is characterized in that forsythin in forsythia suspense leaves is used as a nonpolar compound, and is easily dissolved in organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol and is difficultly dissolved in water, forsythiaside A is a polar compound, and is easily dissolved in water, methanol, ethanol and the like, and rutin is easily dissolved in methanol and hot ethanol and difficultly dissolved in water, through ethanol extraction, macroporous absorption resin separation and anti-phase silica gel column chromatography continuous extraction technology, forsythin, forsythiaside A and rutin can be performed with composite extraction in forsythia suspense leaves, the effective active components of forsythia suspense leaves can be completely extracted, and the resource of forsythia suspense leaves can be used in a reasonable mode; The method uses adsorption and desorption of macroporous adsorption resin to separate forsythin, forsythiaside A and rutin, forsythiaside A can be purified by using anti-phase silica gel and completely separated, the purity is high, the technology condition is simple, and the method provided by the invention is suitable for industrial production.


In term of philosophical epistemology and axiology,human existence lies in practice,which functions as the final source of human cognitive activities and value activities,as the deciding factor of human being′s direction of thinking and his choice of value.The green values,which are based on survival values,development values and ecosystem values,provide answers and solutions to survival and development issues between human and nature,between human beings(individual and society) and between human and himself.To establish green values helps to change human′s traditional way of thinking and his mode of survival and development,which helps to promote the advancement of science,and to enhance the harmony of society.


Botulism has been reported in an injecting drug user in Dublin. The patient presented to hospital on 14 March 2002 with pseudo-bulbar palsy, paralysis and respiratory difficulty. The Central Public Health Laboratory in England has confirmed that the infection is due to Clostridium botulinum type A.


The modeling of the energy balance of buildings is a major task in building physics. A new theory called dynamic thermal networks is under development at the Building Physics Research Group at Chalmers. The calculations are based on step-response functions, and the problems are illustrated in so-called dynamic networks. Long time scales for heat flux through building foundations and the surrounding ground are handled by a special reduction procedure.

The aim of this thesis is to apply the theory to increase knowledge of the factors that influence a dynamic heat loss calculation. The theory is used to illustrate the thermal behavior of different wall types, different foundations and whole buildings in three dimensions. The thermal behavior of a crawl space and an attic is studied as well, where the influence of long-wave radiation between internal surfaces is accounted for. A few applications of the theory on energy balances for two- and three-surface problems are presented, and an example of an application in a moisture problem is shown.

The step-response functions for one-dimensional cases are calculated analytically by using a combination of Fourier and Laplace techniques. The response functions for two- and three-dimensional cases are calculated numerically. Analytical expressions are fitted to the numerical values for short and long time to give better precision and faster calculation time.

The work reported in this thesis shows that it is fairly simple to apply the theory to whole heat balances. A building's heat balance can be calculated in a few minutes only for a time step of one hour during a year with an ordinary desktop computer. The full accuracy of the calculations for the three-dimensional step-response heat flow process in the building's envelope is essentially retained in the modeling during the annual cycle. The investigations of the thermal behavior of buildings and different building components show that a great deal of information can be gained from the response functions. However, it is also clear that there is much more to develop and learn about thermal behavior and step-responses.


Opportunities for intercultural communication are increasing on U.S. university campuses. Little is known about the impact of students' appearance in initial stages of intercultural classroom encounters. University students (n = 250) from the U.S. recorded perceptions of a projected partner for a classroom project. Potential partners were female and male students from India, dressed in Indian or western attire. Attributional confidence, the ability to predict how another person will behave and think during an interaction, was examined with a variety of intercultural communication variables included as covariates in the ANOVAs. U.S. students' attributional confidence toward the Indian partners varied little based on the partners' appearance. In two exceptions students evaluated partners differently when the students' experiences with a foreign teaching assistant and their interest in study and work abroad were covariates. Future research is recommended in which evaluations for specific social interactions are compared to more general evaluations of interpersonal attraction.


Summary: Levamisole (Ketrax), an anthelmintic drug commonly used in the tropics, has been found to restore the impaired spontaneous rosette-forming lymphocytes and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in experimentally malnourished rats. It, however, has no effects on plaque-forming cells.The drug was also found to reconstitute the histologic integrity of the thymus in malnutrition.Speculation: Due to the diminished immune response in malnutrition, mortality usually occurs as a result of superimposed infections like diarrhea and bronchopneumonia. It is speculated that levamisole that potentiates cellular immunity in malnutrition may aid the recovery of children with kwashiorkor and marasmus, particularly those with gastroenteritis and bronchopneumonia.


The practice of islamic banking has been known since the time of prophet muhammad, along with his companions, because there are institutions that carry out the main functions of banking operations, which are receiving money, lending money, delivery or transfer service. This muḍârabah financing product, is expected to be a superior product of Bank Muamalat Indonesia of Jember or  at generalit bank islam. The study used a qualitative approach with focus; 1) what is the system implementation of muḍârabah financing product at bank mu'amalat indonesia jember branch?, 2) what are the factors cause the decrease of profit in muḍârabah financing product at bank muamalat Indonesia Jember branch? The results of the research found four factors causing the decline in profit at Bank muamalat Indonesia Jember.


Owing to the inadequacy of conventional laboratory windshield qualification testing methods, it is not unusual for unforeseen problems to develop in the real world of flight service. Aircraft windshields are normally subjected to static, material, environmental, and, in some instances, to limited service condition testing before being incorporated into prototype hardware. In‐service monitoring is used to compare the prototype to previous designs. Determining the relative effectiveness of corrective "fixes" or design improvements by in‐service testing can take months or even years of calendar time. To overcome these prob‐lems, Sierracin has developed and constructed an advanced Windshield Flight Environment Simulator (WFES), that duplicates the total operating environment of electrically‐heated, pressurized windshields, on a highly compressed time scale.


The optimization control of multi-robot systems based on Reinforcement Learning is the frontier field of Robotics and distributed Artificial Intelligence in recent years. Multi-robot systems have the characteristics of distribution, heterogeneity, and high-dimensional spatial continuity, which makes the research of reinforcement learning for multi-robot systems face a series of challenges. This paper reviews the challenges in four practical problems of the multi-robot system which are distributed collaborative driving of multiple vehicles, mobile sensing robot team, multi-robot collaborative monitoring, and multi-UAV cooperative task planning and the latest solutions of them. Methods based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning are also described. This review may be useful to guide researchers and technologists from the industry in their choice of better cope with the multi-robot system's problems.


My PhD research concentrates on the philosophical backgrounds of the relationship between dialectic and rhetoric. In order to pinpoint the discord between both disciplines, I studied their genesis and early history. In this paper, some characteristics of both disciplines will be outlined by sketching the ""invention"" of dialectic by Zeno, that of rhetoric by the Sophists, and the different ways in which Plato and Aristotle have conceived both disciplines and their relationship.


Aneshensel, C. S., Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Zarit, S. H., and Whitlatch, Carol J. (1995). Profiles in Caregiving: The Unexpected Career. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 385 pp. Paper ISBN-0-12-059540-0, price $39.95. Hooyman, N. R. and Gonyea, J. (1995) Feminist Perspectives on Family Care: Policies for Gender Justice. Family Caregiver Applications Series, Vol. 6. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 418 pp. Paper ISBN 0-8039-5142-6, price $27.50. Nolan, M., Grant, G., & Keady, J. (1997). Understanding Family Care: Buckingham Open University Press. 194 pp. Hardcover ISBN 0-335-19574-1, price $79.00 Wasow, M. (1995). The Skipping Stone: Ripple Effects of Mental Illness on the Family. Palo Alto, CA: Science & Behavior Books. 232 pp. Paper ISBN 0-8314-0082-X, price $16.95. In 1988, I was asked to give a talk at a professional meeting of sociologists titled, "Is There Anything Left to Say about Family Caregiving?" I reviewed the current research and concluded that, while a great deal had been said about caregiving burden and stress and the demographics of caregiving, there were many areas not yet understood. Over the past nine years, the question and the refrain, "Not another caregiver study?" continues to haunt researchers in gerontology and family studies. The four books reviewed here reminded me that yes, there are fresh perspectives to bring to the study of family caregiving. We may never be able to say all that can be said about the complex phenomena of how families provide care for dependent adults across the life span. In many respects, we are still struggling with the dilemma of how to grasp reality by examining only a part. There is another aspect to the question raised in this essay. The challenge lies not only in what we say, but in how we say it, to what audience, and for what purpose. Care-receivers, caregivers, family members, researchers, educators, practitioners, and policy makers all look at different aspects of the caregiving experience, no doubt convinced that their perspective is the most relevant one. Insights and assumptions taken for granted among one group often become new knowledge for other groups. In thinking about how to address the issues raised about caregiving by these diverse volumes, I struggled with a classic research dilemma: Is it more useful to begin with caregiver's lived experiences in their own words and then gradually develop generalizations and more systematic perspectives? Or should we begin with a general theory and then examine how closely empirical data and grounded experiences support this knowledge? While the selection of books for this essay was somewhat random (i.e., there are other caregiving books published in recent years) they do form a hierarchy, from closeness to caregiver's lived experience to abstract theory. Therefore, I have decided to assess how each volume provides insights to issues raised at more grounded levels. These four books illustrate diversity in emphasis and audience. Hooyman and Gonyea (1995) focus on the broad societal level, providing a thoughtful feminist critique of public policy in caregiving and emphasizing how these policies are oppressive to women who provide most of the care euphemistically called "family caregiving" Aneshensel and colleagues (1995) report the detailed results of a four-wave longitudinal study of caregivers of persons with dementia, drawing on a comprehensive, integrated, theoretical stress-process framework and sophisticated quantitative analyses. Nolan, Grant, and Keady (1996) offer a multi-dimensional perspective also based on the stress-coping literature, but emphasizing the role of personal meaning of caregivers in coping with difficult life events and implications for practice. Wasow (1996) approaches the topic of mental illness and the family by combining a qualitative study and personal insights to focus on how families and practitioners need to learn from each other to understand the ripple effects of mental illness on all family members, not just the primary caregiver. …


ERIN A. MARSH Victim Offender Overlap in Intimate Partner Violence (Under the direction of DR. LISA MUFTIC) Victim offender overlap is a relatively new area of research with most studies having focused on applying this concept to the study of assault and homicide. Research in intimate partner violence has found that there exists a group of victim offenders or individuals who are involved in initiating, sustaining, and engaging in intimate partner violence as both victims and offenders (Johnson & Ferraro, 2000; Steinmetz, 1980). This Master's thesis explored the concept of victim offender overlap in connection to intimate partner violence (IPV). Bivariate analyses were conducted using Paul C. Friday, Vivian Lord, M. Lyn Exum, and Jennifer L. Hartman's (20032005) data, Evaluating the Impact of a Specialized Domestic Violence Police Unit in Charlotte, North Carolina. The findings suggest that there is a separate group of individuals involved in intimate partner violence who are both victims and offenders. Furthermore, the three groups (offenders only of IPV, victims only of IPV, and victim/offenders of IPV) were found to be different across gender, past criminal involvement, and future criminal activity as predicted. Suggestions for future research and the implications of the findings are discussed. INDEX WORDS: victim offender overlap, intimate partner violence, domestic violence VICTIM OFFENDER OVERLAP IN INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE


Fatal chemical pneumonia occurred in a worker following exposure to an unidentified gas in a salvaged cylinder. Inspection of the tank revealed a scrawled chemical formula for 1,1,2,3,3pentafluoro- 3-chloropropeneY a suspected pulmonary irritant. The report underscores the potential hazards which salvaged cylinders pose to individuals who use or refill them. The population at risk includes scuba divers, emergency rescue personnel, and workers in the compressed gas industry.


Two teachers (a seventh-grade Language Arts teacher and a university researcher/reading instructor) participated in a collaborative effort to understand the ways in which, literature could 'be used to develop critical thinking in secondary school English classes. The two were part of a group of teachers and researchers . working together to develop alternative approaches to instruction to foster literary understanding while examining the effects of that instruction on student thinking strategies, a project carried out under the auspices of the Center for the Learning and Teaching of Literature at the State University of New York at Albany. One of the three main focus areas of the Center was teaching and learning processes, and in this area the two teachers worked along with Dr. Judith A. Langer, director of the project and co-director of the Center. The comments from the two collaborators that are given in alternate sections of this paper reflect on the long process cf becoming collaborators, applying to their collaborative journey Judith Langer's designations of the various stances readers assume in the process of creating meaning: (1) stepping in (seeking initial contact with some aspect of the text); (2) being in and moving through (immersing in understanding to develop further understanding); (3) stepping back and rethinking what one knows; and (4) stepping out and objectifying the experience (reflecting on what happened and what made it happen). Time, commitment, and communication helped the educators involved in the project develop as collaborators. The paper concludes with six suggestions for forming a collaboration that could prove helpfu: to others who follow. (Fifteen references are attached.) (SG) Tcr:Tr"rd:n7jr. , 2771117 U.S. DEPANMENT Of EDUCATION Office of Educational neural and Improvement lUCATIUNAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Thus dOtument hal been reproduced as ' received from the person or organization originating it r Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction qumlity Points of view or opinions staiLd in this clocu mem do nol nectssarily represent official OERI position or policy Journeying Towards Collaboration: Back Roads, Fast Lanes, Detours, and Ever-Moving Horizons Frandne Z. Stayter Elizabeth A. Close


By combining GPS\|derived horizontal ice flow velocities with Radio Echo Sounding (RES) data, ice fluxes of 43\^95 Gt\5a~ -1 and 26\^42 Gt\5a~ -1 were achieved across the LGB Profile and the Profile\|A under two horizontal ice flow models concerning grounded ice sheet and floating ice shelf, respectively. The former, \{1 700\} km long, is the middle section of the Australian Lambert Glacier Basin (LGB) traverse route (from LGB05~LGB69), and the latter, 150 km long, is about 50 km away from the Amery ice front. A net basal melt of 7. 8 Gt a~ -1 from the Amery Ice Shelf and a total net surface balance value of 90 Gt\5a~ -1 or so were worked out, concerning that the whole Lambert Glacier Amery Ice Shelf System was analyzed according to the predecessors. The area encompassed by the above two Profiles is called as LGB Area, which occupies about one half of the net surface balance of the above system, although its area is only about one third of the system. Based on the calculation of mass\|balance distribution, it is concluded that both Lambert Glacier Amery Ice Shelf System and LGB Area were in positive mass balance, whilst the upstream area of the System was in negative mass balance.