Abstract There are few studies about tuberculosis (TB) knowledge among prisoners, peni-tentiary system workers and public health network (PRN). Those carried with other populations, point out that the lack of kno -wledge about the illness is one of the main barriers to the perception of the symptoms, early diagnosis, treatment adherence and cure. Objective: To analyze the knowled-ge, attitudes and practices about TB in a prison and in public health services (PHS). Methods: A cross sectional study was car-ried out and KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) questionnaire was applied to 141 prisoners, 115 prison's employees and 158 PHS workers. Epi-Info version 6.04 was used for comparison of proportions with statistic significance at p < 0.05. Results: Mistaken concepts on TB were observed among the three searched groups. PHS also showed basic errors on TB knowledge thus pointing out imperfections on training. Conclusion: KAP revealed efficient for data collection of general knowledge items but was limited on practices and attitudes and so its use as the only tool for data collection about knowledge, attitudes and practices on TB is not advisable. It is suggested its regular use to aid educational activities and con-sidering the high prevalence of TB among prisoners, it is noted the need to involve the Departments of Health in the supervision of educational activities in the prison system.


The walls of the blood vessels involved with cerebral aneurysms present different mechanical properties, when compared with those of normal artery. Consequently the models which may describe then predict an aneurysm rupture need as input their mechanical properties. This paper describes the experimental determination of the mechanical properties of the tissues of the blood vessels affected with a cerebral aneurysm. In particular, we determine and discuss the critical elongation and the rupture strength. The affected tissues were obtained from surgical clipping and extraction; six specimens were tested. The mechanical tests were performed in a tensile device. The experimental data was fitted numerically with a Mooney–Rivlin hyper elastic model. The model was compared with previous published data.


The purpose of this article is to analyze the connection between formalism and phenomenology in Vasily Sesemann's aesthetics. In the articles "Aesthetic valuation in the history of art" (1922), "The nature of poetic image" (1925), "Art and culture" (1927), Seseman discusses the formalist concept of art. However, the most complete critique of the formalist idea of art is revealed in his Aesthetics (1970). In this book, he presented the most comprehensive conception of aesthetic structure. In this paper, I set out first to analyze the most important features of the formalist history of art, and then to explore how Sesemann transforms the concept of artistic form into a conception of aesthetic structure. I argue that formalistic analysis of art transforms the concept of artistic form into a style. This style is nothing less than the experience of being in the world. Sesemann abandons the dualistic separation of sensory material and intelligible form, and instead offers the concept of aesthetic structure. He reveals the relationship between the sensory structure of an aesthetic object and the perceiving subject. Aesthetic value can be revealed as meaningful only with the participation of a subject and with the necessary contemplative attitude. Analysis of art must cover not only individual structures of the object, but also a phenomenological analysis of perception. The combination of formalism and phenomenology is a peculiar characteristic of Sesemann's aesthetics. The structural analysis reveals a systematic coherence among the artistic creator, work of art, and its perceiver.


Conducted in a single organization in the U.K., the present study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to the prediction of managers' intentions to be assessed for level 4 of the recently introduced national vocational qualification, and in doing so sought to identify the factors important in influencing managers' ( n = 106) decisions. The TPB was found to account for 31% of the variance in managers' intentions to be assessed, with attitudes towards assessment, perceptions of normative pressure and perceptions of control all emerging as significant independent predictors. When other work-related factors were considered, age also emerged as a predictor variable with younger managers being more likely to intend to be assessed. These results, when considered in conjunction with other studies which have employed the earlier Theory of Reasoned Action, suggest that the Theory of Planned Behavior may provide an appropriate framework for understanding and predicting work-related decisions and behavior.


Phenomena are things that can be seen with the sense of sight as happens in footwear , footwear phenomenon in human life that goes on in daily life, like a phenomenon ofbarefoot in the house, stealing footwear, footwear pitching , and are associated with aberrant human behavior. This work was produced after passing through various processes and inspired many of the things that often authors see everyday that sometimes the writer 's own experience . The desire of the authors is that the work can be understood byeveryone. Then the production of a work which is entitled " Footwear Phenomenon In Graphic Art Work With serigraphy technique " the author will present the forms , concepts , revealed ways , and the media with a greater emphasis on the use of serigraphy techniques which printing process is done by using a silk or nylon cloth called monyl . Pores left open so that the ink can pass and the pores are not used covered with gelanthine / ulano / bremol that for sweeping inks or paints used rubber blade or squeegee . Keyword :Phenomena, Footwear, Graphic Art Work.


In this paper we consider the problem of the final approach stage of closed-loop grasping where RGB-D cameras are no longer able to provide valid depth information. This is essential for grasping non-stationary objects; a situation where current robotic grasping controllers fail. We predict the imageplane coordinates of observed image features at the final grasp pose and use image-based visual servoing to guide the robot to that pose. Image-based visual servoing is a well established control technique that moves a camera in 3D space so as to drive the image-plane feature configuration to some goal state. In previous works the goal feature configuration is assumed to be known but for some applications this may not be feasible, if for example the motion is being performed for the first time with respect to a scene. Our proposed method provides robustness with respect to scene motion during the final phase of grasping as well as to errors in the robot kinematic control. We provide experimental results in the context of dynamic closedloop grasping.


An observation of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair ($\mathrm{t \bar{t} H}$) is a key outstanding measurement of the LHC programme. Boosted Decision Trees are vital for the search of $\mathrm{t \bar{t} H}$, playing a role in event reconstruction and discriminating signal from a large background. The use of BDTs in the ATLAS search for $\mathrm{t \bar{t} H}$, $\mathrm{H\rightarrow b\bar{b}}$ is presented for the preliminary results on the $\sqrt{s}=$~13~TeV, $13.2~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ dataset.


Nurul Hilal, 2013 . ImproveStudentMotivation through ModelImplementationCourse Review horay(CRH) Basis competence IndonesianPoliticalSystemClassX - RPL2 SMKNegeri 4Banjarmasin. Thesis, Program Study of Citizenship and Pancasila Education, Department of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Teacher and Education Science, University of Lambung Mangkurat. Conselor (1)Acep Supriadi, (II) Dian Agus Ruchliyadi. Process in teaching and learning civics education at X-RPL2 class of SMK Negeri 4 Banjarmasin does not achieve the expected results. This condition cause by the students have low motivation that can be influence in quality of learning. It seem when process teaching and learning occur  in the class the clever students more active than passive students. Therefore, the passive students who unable to understanding the material feel ashamed to ask and expressing their opinions because they feel not appreciated. Lack of democratic attitudes of students can be seen from the low student motivation democracy in discussion activities. Students pay less attention when teacher explained the material, just only some of them. Thus, its can be influence at learning outcomes. The objectives of this research are: (1) To determine the activity of teachers in implementation the learning material by course review horay (CRH) at X- RPL2 class of SMKN 4 Banjarmasin (2) To increase students' motivation in learning civics democracy in the applying CHR at X-RPL2 class of SMKN 4 Banjarmasin (3) To improve student learning outcomes in applying CHR at X-RPL2 class of SMKN 4 Banjarmasin. Techniques data collection used in this class action research (PTK) is the observation, documentation and test results of study was conducted through several cycles, there are cycle I dan cycle II. The results of this research (1) Process teacher in teaching and learning by using CRH. In the first cycle of learning, teacher has enough qualified, and the second cycle the teacher has increased good qualifications (motivation democracy). (2) Increased students' motivation democracy is very good with good qualifications. (3) Applying CRH in process teaching and learning can enhance democracy student motivation and student learning outcomes. Keyword :  Motivation, learning outcomes, CourseReviewhoray (CRH)


The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of canine leishmaniasis in a population of owned and strayed dogs in Mashhad, north-east Iran. Of 300 serum samples obtained from dogs, 8.67% (26/300) were positive for Leishmania infantum by Indirect Florcense Antibody Test (IFAT). The sero-prevalence rates in owned and stray dogs were 9.5% (19/200) and 7% (7/100) respectively. Significant differences were observed between the age groups (P < 0.05); dogs less than one year old showed the highest seroprevalence rate (17.4 %). The seroprevalence rate for leishmania infection in male and female dogs were 10.43 % (17/163) and 6.57% (9/137) respectively. In addition, the seroprevalence rate for leishmania infection in small and large breeds of dogs were 10.5% (6/57) and 8.2% (29/243) respectively. No significant difference was found between sex and breed of the studied dogs. The number of lymphocytes were significantly higher in the leishmania-infected dogs than dogs which were not infected (P<0.05). Packed Cell Volume (PCV) determination revealed a high frequency of non-regenerative anaemia in leishmania infected dogs (52.6%). According to the results of the present study, the seroprevalence rate of canine leishmaniasis in the owned and stray dogs from Mashhad, northeast of Iran, is relatively high. In addition, non regenerative anemia is the most frequent hematological finding in the leishmania-infected dogs, which must be taken into account when dealing with diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in endemic regions.


The Convention Hall in Chicago was the largest structure ever proposed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and demonstrated what he meant by structure as an architectural factor. This paper traces a path between the unbuilt Convention Hall proposal developed by Mies and the McCormick Place Convention Center constructed in Chicago, designed by his graduate student, Gene Summers, at C.F. Murphy. Making connections to students' work—two master's theses and one built work—illustrates how fundamental structure and structural engineering were in the architectural pedagogy at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) and how tightly research, pedagogy, and practice were integrated. It compares these projects graphically and quantitatively and fills in critical gaps on the influences leading up to the building of McCormick Place.


The rise of recycled ICs being sold as new through the global semiconductor supply chain is a serious threat due to their inferior quality, shorter remaining life, and potentially poorer performance, compared to their authentic counterparts. While solutions, such as on-chip age monitors, have been proposed for new designs, detecting the recycling of older legacy ICs already in use is much harder; no reliable solution currently exists. In this paper, we propose a new and highly effective approach for detecting recycled ICs by exploiting the powerup state of on-chip SRAMs to evaluate the age of the chip. Our methodology does not require the introduction of any special aging detection circuitry, nor the recording and saving of historical circuit performance data as a reference to detect degradation from use. Instead, we exploit the novel observation that in a new unused SRAM, an equal number of cells power up to the 0 and 1 logic states, and also that this distribution becomes skewed in time due to aging in operation. Since SRAMs exist in virtually all systems-on-chip (SoCs), this simple aging detection method is widely applicable to both old and new designs. It is also low cost since does not require any special test equipment. We present experimental results using commercial off-the-shelf SRAM chips to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Carrying out the Party construction work in private enterprises is a new subject that our Party is facing. The key points of doing the Party construction work well are to make clear the task of the Party organization and the aim in private enterprises, to master the stressed point and starting point of private enterprises Party construction work,to set up the Party organization reasonably,and to do the Party member management, education and Party member development well.


The invention discloses a multifunctional combined lightweight concrete curtain wall and a constructing method thereof. The multifunctional combined lightweight concrete curtain wall is mainly composed of lightweight concrete board units along the outer surface of the main structure of a building. Each lightweight concrete board unit comprises at least two lightweight concrete boards which are horizontally arranged and spliced. A decorating surface is disposed on the outer surface of each lightweight concrete board. The upper end and lower end of each lightweight concrete board unit are respectively clamped into profile steel with a grooved cross section, and the profile steel located at the upper end of the lightweight concrete board unit is provided with hanging pieces for being connected with the main structure of the building. Gaps among the lightweight concrete boards and among the lightweight concrete board units are filled. The multifunctional combined lightweight concrete curtain wall based on self-structural-strength of the lightweight concrete boards and having the advantages of the lightweight concrete curtain walls has the advantages that structure and decoration are produced at one step in factories, construction garbage is few, noise pollution is reduced, safe and fast mounting is achieved, work efficiency is high, construction cost is lowered, and the multifunctional combined lightweight concrete curtain wall is widely applicable to building outer wall containment systems.


A brief providing a national view of the transition planning process undertaken during high school with and for youth with disabilities as they prepare for life after school. The information reported comes from a mail survey of school personnel conducted as part of the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2). Findings from NLTS2 generalize to youth with disabilities nationally who were 13 to 16 years old in December 2000, to each of 12 federal disability categories, and to each age group within the age range.

Produced by the Institute's National Center on Secondary Education and Transition (NCSET) in collaboration with the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2). NLTS2 provides the first national picture of the involvement of families in the educational development of their secondary-school-age children with disabilities.


With the incremental power of construction machinery diesel engines, the power performance of diesel engines and the pollutant emissions from the exhaust gas have imposed increasingly stringent requirements on the intake cooling system of diesel engines. This paper compared the j/f evaluation factors for fin unit bodies of water-cooled intercooler (including straight fins and rectangular misaligned fins) by means of CFD simulation, and found that the rectangular misaligned fins had an 8% advantage in comprehensive performance. With the rectangular staggered fin intercooler, it was found that under the same conditions, the cooling efficiency of the dual-pass water-cooled intercooler is higher than that of the single-pass water-cooled intercooler, and the uniformity factor of the temperature difference field of the dual-pass water-cooled intercooler is 1.5% higher than that of the latter. The accuracy of the overall simulation of the intercooler is verified by the field test. The dual-pass and single-pass water-cooled intercooler both can maintain heat balance under working conditions, and its average air inlet temperature is 10 °C lower than that of the original air-cooled intercooler, which provides support for further reducing the engine air inlet temperature. The results provide a theoretical basis for the performance improvement of water-cooled intercoolers.


In order to screen out the optimal strain,determine fermentation time,select the optimum carbon and nitrogen source,and optimize the conditions of the extraction polysaccharide and ultrasonic pretreatment,orthogonal array design were carried out.Measure Armillaria mellea polysaccharide by Phenol-sulphuric acid method.Results showed that the optimal strain was M7,fermentation seven days.The optimum carbon and nitrogen source ware dextrin+ Sweet potato powder,silkworm pupa powder + cornsteep liquor.The optimal condition of the extraction polysaccharides were extraction temperature of 100℃,extraction time of 90 min,material/liquid ratio of 1:20,extraction frequency of 4 times.The polysaccharide yield increased 104.27%.Through the combinatorial use ultrasonic pretreatment,the polysaccharide yield increased 5.86%.The optimal values of extraction time,pretreatment time,ultrasonic power,and ultrasonic frequency were determined to be 90min,10 min,90% and 4 times.


We will assume that A(t) is singular for all t ∈ [t0,∞). Such problems arise naturally in a number of applications, e.g. electrical networks, constraint mechanical systems of rigid bodies, chemical reaction kinetics at least as linearizations of nonlinear problems. This is why great interest has been devoted to the analysis, geometry and numerical treatment of dae's in recent years. Nowadays, it is well-known that dae's (1.1) incorporate a great deal of new features compared with explicit ordinary differential equations (i.e. equations solved for x). A rough criteria for distinguishing between different classes of dae's is given by the notion of an index of a dae. Although there are a number of different notions (with varying aims and applicability) in common use, their common aim is to classify how far a given dae differs from an explicit ordinary differential equation. Ordinary dae's (i.e. A(t) is nonsingular for all t ∈ [0,∞)) are characterized by the index 0. The index 1 describes the "most simple" class of dae's. Higher index equations are those with an index greater than 1. Analytically, the algebraic relations contained in (1.1) cause the latter ones to include differentiation problems such that finite difference methods become unstable. This instability may become very dangerous if the nullspace of A(t) varies with t ([9]). On the other hand, a number of numerical methods is available for the solution of index 1 dae's. So a possible way to solve higher index problems is index reduction. In the present paper we consider a regularization method. Eq. (1.1) will be perturbed by a small parameter ε such that the resulting system has index 1 and, for ε → 0, the solution of the regularized systems tend to that of (1.1). We consider the approach of [7] whose convergence properties are analyzed in [4, 5]. Note that this approach is closely related to other parametrizations, among them Baumgarte stabilization (cf. [1]). We are interested in stability properties of the regularization approach. Namely, we will show that if (1.1) is asymptotically stable (in a sense given below), then the regularized systems are so, too. Similar results for autonomous quasilinear systems are given in [10] relating on stability criteria proved in [2] and [8]. We emphasize that our results are valid if the nullspace of A(t) depends on t.


This is a story about self-experimentation...

It's very difficult to conduct a scientific study involving human beings. Our innate ability and inclination to adapt to our ever-changing


The aim of this study was to investigate the role of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) in early pregnancy physiology in cows as well as possibility of using PAG as diagnostic tool in diagnosis of embrionic mortality. In our research we used 74 cows of simmental breed aged 3-7 years, already used in reproduction and calved every year.. We divided cows in 3 groups: pregnant cows (n=34), nonpregnant cows (n=18) and cows experienced embrionic mortality (n=21). According to ultrasound and laboratory findings for progesteron and PAG in sera samples collected between 12. and 45. days after AI every 72 h, we concluded few things. First of all, it is impossible to determine embrionic mortality on basis of progesterone profil, but it is easy to distinguish pregnant from nonpregnant cows, if cows are supposed to be pregnant more than 21 day. In group of cows with embryonic mortality, it occured 17-24 days after conception in 98% cows. It was visible in drastic decrease of PAG 7, 5-9 days later (7, 5-9 days consists T2 for PAG in first month of pregnancy). Using PAG for pregnancy diagnosis enables us to prove existence of alive vital embryo in uterus 24 days after conception.


This article investigates five s-parameter extrapolation methods, i.e., Polynomial, Polynomial-Logarithmic, Linear, Static, and Zero-padding. The s-parameters extrapolated using these methods, along with the resulted impedance profiles and eye-diagrams are compared. The study reveals three key observations: First, in contrast to the conventional recommendation that s-parameter extrapolation should be avoided, extrapolation can be doable also useful provided the original s-parameter fulfilling certain conditions. Second, the widely adopted Static method and the Zero-padding method (when extrapolation is used) can exhibit less optimal performances in comparison to other extrapolation methods. Third, which extrapolation method to choose is a case by case decision to make. Practitioners need to carefully check the s-parameters before and after extrapolation in order to ensure the meaningful results can be obtained from the extrapolation.


Visceral Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease endemic in 52 districts of India in eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa,West Bengal & Jharkhand. It is a disease of low altitude, however an increasing incidence has been observed in sub Himalayan pockets of Northern India which include areas of Himachal Pradesh & Uttrakhand. This study was done to highlight the increasing prevalence of Kala Azar in non-endemic Kumaun region & to study the clinical profile of such patients.12 patients of pyrexia of unknown origin were studied who reported to us with fever of more than 3 months. They were all residents of Kumaun & only one subject had history of travel. They were thoroughly investigated for fever including Bone Marrow examination & K39 antigen. Main observations were pancytopenia, raised ESR among all & lymphocytosis in 66.6% of cases. Mild hepatic dysfunction was also observed. Massive splenomegaly was seen in only 2 patients. Ascites was observed in 3 patients. Bone marrow showed LD bodies in 8 subjects. K39 antigen was positive among all tested patients showing sensitivity of 100% indicating that it can be a helpful marker in cases of negative bone marrow result. Conclusion: Kala Azar should be considered as an important differential for patients presenting with PUO from non-endemic areas. From community point of view, we must consider all factors for spread of this disease from plains to hilly areas & evaluate measures for prevention of further spread.


The article is devoted to contribution of V. A. Sukhomlinsky into students" self-education theory that is considered as a part of pedagogical process and that implies gathering of a private library and a student"s mental work V. A. Sukhomlinsky regarded student"s urge to gain knowledge from interests and hobbies as a source of forming of need in self-education.


This paper describes a computer-controlled method presented on a CRT, which is capable of defining the
relative luminosity generated by the primary colors of the monitor. The relative luminance ratio of the
different primary colors of the monitor generating the same luminance sensation has been identified. The
method is based on heterochromatic photometry. Theoretical calculation of the luminosity generated by the
primary colors is also presented in the paper. Analysis shows little difference between theoretical calculation
results and actual measurement data. An interesting byproduct of the theoretical calculation is that the
additive mixture of the equal luminosity primary colors results to purple colour rather than white. At the end
the feasibility of a color vision test based on individual luminance sensation compensation and carried out on
a computer-controlled color CRT is discussed.


In this paper, the behaviour of bystanders in a classroom in which bullying is occurring is analyzed using Game theory. We focus on bystander's behaviour and formulate a threshold model. Our analysis shows that as class sizes become smaller, the probability of bullying being stopped increases.


The dynamic spectral properties of semiconductor lasers during its tuning are very important for frequency modulation-based applications. The spectral properties of a distributed feedback (DFB) interband cascade laser (ICL) under injection current tuning (i.e., slope efficiency, dynamic tuning rate, and instantaneous linewidth) were measured by using short delayed self-heterodyne interferometry combined with time-frequency analysis of the interferometric signal. The relations of these spectral characteristics with the injection current, tuning frequency, and operating temperature of the laser were investigated as well. The dynamic tuning rate of the laser varies from 0.07 nm/mA to 0.16 nm/mA depending on the injection current and tuning frequency, which is considerably below the static tuning rate 0.20 nm/mA. The laser instantaneous linewidth increases within 360 kHz to 760 kHz as the injection current increases or the tuning frequency increases. Unexpectedly, both the dynamic tuning rate and linewidth seem not to be related to the operating temperature of the laser. These results will be very useful for understanding the spectral properties and optimizing the frequency modulation of DFB-ICLs.


The dome with ribs and rings, which covers the ROMEXPO pavilion from Bucharest, was designed after the collapse of the single layer reticulated dome. In this paper, it was made the checking of the structure, under the dynamic loads with three recorded accelerograms calibrated according to Romanian seismic design code P100-1/2006. Under the action the dynamic loadings, it was made a time-history analysis to determine the zones where the plastic hinges appear, at what accelerations and their position on the structure. The studied dome is formed by 32 spatial semi arches and three rings: one circular ring located at the top of the dome and another two rings, design as trusses, the first near the supports and the second as an intermediate rings above the skylights. Above the skylights up to the top, the dome is tight together with purlins and bracings. Keywords—dome, dynamic analysis, plastic hinges, time-history


We propose a class of networks which can be regarded as an extension of the graphitic network. These networks are constructed so that surface states with non-bonding character (edge states) are formed in a tight-binding model with one orbital for each atomic site. Besides, for several networks, the tight-binding electronic structures become a zero-gap semiconductor. These properties have been found in the $\pi$-electron system of the graphene. Thus, we call these networks hypergraphite.


In this article we re-examine the relationship between remittances and economic growth placing special attention on the nonlinearity of this relationship. Previous studies have ignored the non-linearity of the relationship between remittances and economic growth or have used a quadratic term to capture nonlinearity. We show that the relationship between remittances and growth is neither linear nor quadratic and propose the use of a semiparametric model to avoid the risk of misspecification bias from imposing an arbitrary functional form. We find evidence of a positive relationship between remittances and growth in parametric estimations; however, such a relationship disappears when nonlinearity is taken into account using non-parametric techniques.


Tourism has undoubtedly acquired new dimensions, properties and directions in the context of a fast changing world and forces of geographical transformation, globalisation and international migration. The central idea behind this paper is that the traditional notions of tourism experiences and practices have been modified because of a range of contradictory socio-cultural developments occurring in the field of contemporary tourism and to reveal and indicate new trends and tendencies in tourism as well as to encourage readers to think critically and question the assumptions inherent in much writing about tourism. The article begins by reviewing the position and defining the culture of tourism within the framework of contemporary culture and society. Subsequently the article considers some elements involved in the production of tourist places and the last section of the article highlights new trends in tourism related to embodied tourist practices.


Our study demonstrates that a mountainous landscape (using the example of the Khangaiskoe Plateau in Mongolia) is a good model for testing the methodology of studying soil formation history. The possibility of distinguishing unidirectional (controlled mainly by bioclimatic factors) and cyclic (controlled mainly by morpholithogenetic factors, i.e., by relief and parent rocks) pedogenetic trends is realized. The history of the cyclic soil formation related to the neotectonic development of the territory is reconstructed. A sequence of morpholithopedogenetic cycles results in the formation of cyclically organized soil profiles consisting of compositions of elementary soil units (ESUs).


This paper analyses the main macroeconomic conditions for joining the EU and the European Monetary Union (EMU), the readiness of the Croatian economy to meet these conditions, and the main challenges for economic policy on the road to these integrations. Croatia does not lag significantly behind the other CEE countries in fulfilling the criteria for EU and EMU membership. It has certain advantages with respect to the criteria of macroeconomic stability (with the exception of the budget deficit), investment efficiency, and potential growth. However, delays in the implementation of some structural reforms, in particular the development of a securities market are estimated at about four years. The main challenges for economic policy in the run-up to EU and EMU are expected to be reducing the budget deficit and stabilising the public debt. Moreover, macroeconomic policies should remain prudent so as to strengthen external stability and maintain favourable conditions for growth.


Objective
To study the effects of organ dose modulation (ODM) technique on dose reduction of the breasts and the related thoracic image quality in female chest CT.

Methods
One hundred and twelve female patients with chest CT were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups according to the order: control group(n=56, using conventional scan) and experimental group (n=56, using ODM technique). The tube currents in different directions (A/L/P/R) were analyzed in the two groups. The effects of ODM on the radiation dosage and image quality were assessed.

Results
The tube currents in anterior and posterior direction were both (128±43)mA in the control group. However, the tube current in the anterior was lower than that in the posterior in experimental group (t=-18.701, P 0.05).

Conclusions
ODM technique could protect the female breasts by reducing the radiation dose without image quality degrading during chest CT scan.

Trial registration
Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR-DOD-16008427

Key words:
Organ dose modulation; Tomography, X-ray computer; Radiation dosage; Breast


Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the formation of bilirubin, an antioxidant, and carbon monoxide (CO), a cell cycle modulator and a vasodilator. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a hemeprotein that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to various prostanoids, which play an important role in the regulation of vascular endothelial function in normal and disease states. The influence of suppression or overexpression of HO isoforms on COX expression and synthesis of prostanoids is of considerable physiological importance. Consequently, the goal of the present study was to determine whether the heme‐HO system regulates COX enzyme expression and activity in vascular endothelial cells in the absence and presence of TNF‐α (100 ng/ml). Endothelial cells stably transfected with the retrovirus containing the human HO‐1 gene exhibited a several‐fold increase in HO‐1 protein levels, which was accompanied by an increase in HO activity and a marked decrease in PGE2 and 6‐keto PGF1α levels. We also assessed the effect of retrovirus‐mediated HO‐1 gene transfer in the sense and antisense orientation on HO‐1 expression and cell cycle progression in human endothelial cells. The levels of CO and HO activity were increased in cells transduced with the HO‐1 sense and were greatly suppressed in cells transduced with HO‐1 antisense as compared to control sham‐transduced cells (P < 0.05). The percentage of the G1‐phase in cells transduced with HO‐1 significantly increased (41.4% ± 9.1) compared with control endothelial cells (34.8% ± 4.9). We measured COX activity by determining the levels of PGI2 and PGE2. The levels of PGI2 decreased in cells transduced with HO‐1 sense and increased in cells transduced with HO‐1 in antisense orientation. The expression of p27 was also studied and showed a marked decrease in cells transduced with HO‐1 sense and a marked increase in the HO‐1 antisense transduced cells. Cell cycle analysis of endothelial cell DNA distributions indicated that the TNF‐α‐induced decrease in the proportion of G1‐phase cells and increase in apoptotic cells in control cultures could be abrogated by transfection with HO‐1 in the sense orientation. Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP) reversed the protective effect of HO‐1. These results demonstrate that overexpressing HO‐1 mitigated the TNF‐α‐mediated changes in cell cycle progression and apoptosis, perhaps by a decrease in the levels of COX activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 377–385, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The society ageing process forces the necessity to put attention to particular needs and expectations of the elderly consumers. It is necessary t o identify the needs and expectations in the field of food product packaging. The distinguished needs constitute an opportunity for development of contemporary entrepreneurship by designi ng and offering innovative packaging which fulfil expectations of the elderly consumers. This article attempts to identify opportunities for entrepreneurship development in the silv er economy area and in the range of adjusting food product packaging to the needs of the elde rly consumers. The research was performed by means of CATI questionnaire interview method. The qu stionnaire consisted of two parts. Part one included questions concerning identificati on of needs and expectations of the elderly consumers in terms of food product packaging. Part two of the questionnaire were questions describing the respondents. The conducted research allowed to identify features of food product packaging which are important from the point o f view of the elderly. Such consumer segment puts particular attention to certain benefi ts from packaging, such as a guarantee of safe product consumption, ease of product storage a s well as provision of a necessary scope of information by the packaging. The research also sh ws that the elderly consumers prefer concrete features in the range of visual aspect of food product packaging. Therefore, actions aiming at persuading and attaching consumers to a g iven product by means of communication of packaging constitute a chance for the entreprene urship.


This article clarified the formula for calculating the maximum delay of data packet transmission in the SpaceWire network in the form of an analytical model. This analytical model depends on the buffer length of the switch input port. Were considered and presented calculations of two situations when the length of the input packet does not exceed the length of the input buffer of the switch port, and when the length of the packet exceeds the length of the input buffer of the switch port.


Background: Aberrant PTEN/PI3K signaling and mitochondrial abnormalities are commonly associated with cancer. Results: PTEN loss and activation of PI3K/Protein kinase B up-regulates ERRα, increases mitochondrial mass and induces a metabolic pattern similar to the "Warburg effect". Conclusion: PTEN/PI3K signaling controls mitochondrial mass and function by regulating ERRα through the AKT/CREB axis. Significance: This study establishes a novel link between oncogenic signaling and dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism.


We have carried out noble gas analysis for gases released by a high-resolution stepwise crushing on basaltic glass and olivine separated from a new set of pillow basalts collected form the Loihi seamount, Hawaii. One basaltic glass sample yielded quite consistent 3He/4He ratios of about 35 Ra (Ra denotes the atmospheric ratio) for helium released over six successive crushing steps. This ratio is the highest among those so far reported for Loihi samples, suggesting that this sample represents the most primitive Loihi magma in terms of helium isotope composition. In contrast, the argon isotope ratios (40Ar/36Ar) observed in this sample appeared to be low (<400) compared with the ratio suggested for the source of Loihi magma (i.e., 8000 by Trieloff et al., 2000), implying a significant contribution from the atmospheric argon. A clear binary mixing trend was defined between 3He/36Ar and 40Ar/36Ar ratios measured during successive crushing steps, which is extending from an atmospheric component to a mantle-derived component. This mixing trend permits us to estimate 40Ar/36Ar ratios of the mantle by assuming the mantle 3He/36Ar ratio of 0.7 (Moreira et al., 1998). For the Loihi basaltic glass sample with 35 Ra, the 40Ar/36Ar ratio without atmospheric contribution is estimated to be 3000, whereas the ratio estimated for the olivine separates with 3He/4He ratio of 27 Ra appeared to be 11000. We found that 3He/4He and 40Ar/36Ar (corrected for air addition) ratios determined for the present samples, as well as for other plumes (Reunion and Iceland) and MORB-popping rock, plot on a rough negative trend, suggesting that helium and argon isotope ratios in plume-derived samples might be controlled by a variable contribution from the MORB-type component to the plume endmember. Extrapolation of this trend to 3He/4He of 50 Ra as found in the Baffin Island picrite (Stuart et al., 2003) yielded the plume source 40Ar/36Ar ratio of about 1000, suggesting that the source region of the high 3He/4He mantle plume might have 40Ar/36Ar ratio being significantly less radiogenic than has usually been anticipated.


Compared with that of the tea always placed in the air,when fresh tea(Thea sinensis L.)shoots were soaked continuously or intermittently into distilled water for 4h,its gamma aminobutyric acid(GABA)contents were significantly increased 1.01 times and 40% respectively(P0.01),and its L-glutamatic acid(L-Glu)contents were reduced 55.69% and 46.73% respectively.With the continuous immersion prolonged,the rate of its GABA cumulant growth and L-Glu content decrease were all slowed down.When the interval refers to place the tea in the air,with the interval between 2 socked processing for 3h prolonged,GABA content decrease and L-Glu content increased.According to variance analysis for orthogonal tests,GABA level in fresh tea shoots were all significantly affected by water temperature,pH and soaking time had effect on(P0.05).Of which,the GABA content was the highest(P0.01)when the fresh tea shoots were soaked into solution with pH 5.0 for 3h at 30℃.


Human resources are the main production factors in implementing organizational innovation, so organizations need to encourage employees to have innovative behavior at work. Innovative behavior is not something that is genetically inherited, but something that can be learned and applied to employees in the organization. This research explores the influence of transformational leadership and knowledge sharing on innovative behavior. The research method used is a quantitative method. The population in this study were lecturers at 3 universities in the city of Cirebon. The number of samples in this study were 86 respondents. Data collection using a questionnaire instrument. Analysis of research data using multiple regression. The results showed that transformational leadership and knowledge sharing have a positive and significant influence on innovative behavior. In this study the knowledge sharing variable has a more dominant contribution compared to the transformational leadership variable to manage employee innovative behavior.


Microbial population of soil and its structure is affected with chemical and biological changes such as plant-root secretions. Upper layer of the soil is exposed to mixture of stems, fruiting bodies and leaves of trees. Seven trees growing at same area were chosen. Their upper layers of the soil were collected from depth 5-10 cm as samples in spring and autumn. Their microbial populations were investigated in order to determine in terms of climate changes. In order to determine the number of the total microorganisms, gram-negative bacteria and spore-forming bacteria (cfu/g) were used by the serial dilution techniques. As a result, the highest numbers of microorganisms from the soil of the apple tree were determined as the total microbial count in the autumn, although the lowest number of microorganisms was obtained from the soil of the pine tree. However, the number of the gram-negative bacteria was the highest in the soil of linden tree, although the number of gram negative bacteria was the lowest in the soil of apricot, mulberry and apple trees. For spore - forming bacterium, the highest number from the mulberry soil and the lowest number from the linden tree have been obtained. In the spring, the highest numbers of microorganisms from the soil of the apple tree were obtained as the total microbial count, although the lowest number of microorganisms was obtained from the soil of the apricot tree. For the number of the gram-negative bacteria was the highest in the soil of walnut tree, although the number of gram negative bacteria was the lowest in the soil of apricot trees. However spore - forming bacterium, the highest number from the soil of the poplar tree and the lowest number from the mulberry tree have been obtained. In general, the rich diversity of the microbial population was shown morphologically in autumn.


To investigate the characteristics of heavy metal contents of plant in karst forest, six kinds of elements in the leaves of endemic plants in Maolan Karst forest were measured. The results showed that the contents of Fe and Mn were more than 100 mg/kg, Zn and Pb contents varied between 10 and 100 mg/kg, Cd and Ni contents were lower than 10mg/kg. According to division standards of Bowen H J M and Etherington J R, the contents of Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn and Zn reached and even more than the poisoning level of plants, plants had the potential risk of heavy metal poisoning. But except for Pb, the heavy metal contents of all elements were within the scope of the average level of land vascular plants in the world. The elements including Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn showed positive skew distribution, while the elements including Fe and Ni showed negative skew distribution. There were differences on the different kinds of plants absorption models of heavy metal elements. The ratio of maximum contents and minimum contents of heavy metal and the coefficients of variation(CV) values both showed Mn Cd Pb Zn Fe Ni. These reflected the heavy metal geochemical distribution characteristics of the plants in the environment.


The article describes design and development of an ice detection device that uses a real 1 m part of an electric copper trolley wire for its operation. The wire part is oriented in the same direction as the trolley wire in the given place and thus a high compliance of the ice sensor with real conditions (spatial dimensions, orientation and heat capacity) is achieved. An ice meter equipped with this sensor can determine the robustness and duration of ice phenomena on trolley wires much more accurately and uses this information to deduce the risk of endangering public transport. The ice detector works on the principle of strain gauge load cell weighing. For its own diagnostics, the device can also measure temperature and relative humidity and is equipped with heating wires so that the movable parts of the device do not freeze.


Employee Perceptions of Fairness in Performance Appraisals and Job Satisfaction by Simon-Davies Amenyenu Nutakor MPhil, Walden University, 2019 MPS, Cornell University, 2004 MPA, University of Ghana, 1999 BA (Hons.), KNUST, 1993 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management


GERİATRİ YAŞ GRUBU HASTALARDA VENTİLATÖRDEN AYIRMA: RETROSPEKTİF KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA Introduction: With the growth of the geriatric population in the society, the number of geriatric patients followed up at intensive care units has also increased. Weaning in geriatric patients is a long and necessary process. In our study, we evaluated the weaning process in a geriatric patient group. Materials and Method: The relationship between the weaning process and mortality rates in 814 patients aged>65 years who were hospitalised in our intensive care unit between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016 was retrospectively analysed. Our geriatric patients were divided into three age groups: young (65–74), middle (75–84) and advance (>85). Results: The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Enquiry II score was 21.8±9.2 and Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2 was 43.2±20.9. Mechanical ventilation was provided to 615 patients. The mean duration of the weaning process onset was 6±13.4, 5.85±7.87 and 6.5±7.1 days in the three groups, respectively. Weaning was successful in 286 (46%) of the 615 geriatric patients, and 20 patients were discharged with a home ventilator. Conclusion: The weaning process in geriatric patients may be extended with age-related pulmonary dysfunction. The number of weaning trials in this process also increased. Our results indicate that the mean number of weaning trials in successfully weaned patients is higher. We consider that given the increase in geriatric patient follow-up rates in intensive care units, it will be possible to ensure successful weaning and lower mortality rates, along with successful management of such patient groups, by increasing the number of weaning trials.


The stated aim of this book is 'to provide a multi-disciplinary and international perspective on current understanding of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy' (MBPS). It fulfils this task efficiently. Beginning with a brief ' 20-year overview' of the subject, it offers an interesting


ABSTRACT This paper considers the attitude tracking problem for the generic hypersonic vehicle (GHV). First, the second-order nonlinear GHV attitude model is introduced. Second, by utilising the direct parametric approach, a modified parametric controller composed of the parametric state proportional plus derivative feedback controller and the feedforward controller is proposed. With application of the first part, the closed-loop system is a constant linear system with desired eigenstructures, and the second part is used to ensure the asymptotic tracking property of the outputs of the GHV attitude system. Since the control input of the established GHV attitude model is moment command, an algorithm that transforms the moment commands into the fins deflection command is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed parametric controller and transform algorithm is illustrated by the numerical simulation results.


In this paper, we propose a novel framework to construct dense and high-quality consistent correspondence between non-rigid surfaces. Our correspondence framework exploits "Dual Shape-DNA" (dual Laplace-Beltrami spectral embedding) to capture global characteristics of objects, and converts two originally different and complex shapes into two similar and simple shapes to facilitate the correspondence. Since our method avoids the computation of geodesic distances, it is robust to local topology changes. By exploiting the excellent properties of the dual domain, our dual spectral framework can robustly construct Laplace-Beltrami embeddings on highly non-regular 3D meshes. After performing initial non-rigid matching in the dual Laplace-Beltrami spectral domain, we return 3D spatial domain and apply a shape-preserving non-rigid deformation to produce the final dense consistent correspondence. We show that our framework is suitable for non-rigid consistent correspondence, and the high-quality correspondence results are achieved.


An effort was made to produce a compact, lightweight, high-energy modulator. The device was to power various low-impedance loads including up to 25 vacuum diodes in parallel. Desired characteristics were a 1 mu s rectangular pulse of 200 kV amplitude into 1 to 2.5 Omega loads. Pulse repetition rates from single shot to 10 pulses per second (PPS) were required. A modular design was used in which two 17.5 kJ, type 'C' pulse forming networks (PFNs) were stacked and their outputs added in series to meet the pulse requirements. The design and construction of each module and the interconnecting circuitry are presented. Problem areas in the pulser development included low inductance design; spark gap switch stability; efficiency, and simultaneity; and fast (100 ms) charging of the high-energy PFN for 10-PPS operation.<<ETX>>


The utility of cognitive and biographical variables for the prediction of academic success in a University honors program was investigated. Several variables modestly predicted both college grade point average and final graduation from the honors program. Results were generally supportive of previous research.


This chapter discusses the development of the Coalition and Conservative Governments' reform programme for child and family social work. Initially, the new Conservative children's minister Tim Loughton sought to build on the work of the profession led Social Work Task Force (discussed in chapter 7), belatedly set-up under Labour after the Baby P case. This included the commissioning of the Munro Review of child protection. However, after two years Loughton was replaced as children's minister and the Secretary of State Michael Gove initiated a new, more centrally driven, reform programme. Key policy developments included the reform of social work training, regulation and a new national 'learning infrastructure'. Controversial plans to promote the increased outsourcing of child protection services to the private and voluntary sector were also pursued in the face of strong opposition from social work representatives.


In the strong short-ranged repulsion conditions the scattering picture of excitations is equivalent to the scattering of identical Fermi particles. In the wave lengths, large in comparison with the elementary cell dimensions (in Γ-point), the physical situation corresponds to the scattering of slow particles. For the latest case the scattering amplitude is positive always. With the energy increasing the scattering amplitude is decreases and changes his sign for momenta of order of inverse scattering centre dimension. In the crystal lattice the elementary cell dimension is the representative dimension. Hence we conclude that with energy increasing from Γ-point to the Brillouin zone boundary the scattering amplitude can to change the sign at the momentum of order of reciprical lattice vector. The negative sign of the scattering amplitude on the Fermi energy surface results to the normal state instability and the superconductivity condencate prescipitation. Therefore in the filling of lower Hubbard band the superconductivity begins from the some electrons finite concentration, corresponding to the amplitude sign change of the Fermi level.


1% shenqin mycin suspending agent 1 000 times liquid,58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder 1 500 times liquid,30% hymexazol agent 1 000 times liquid,70% thiophanate methyl 1 000 times liquid and water( CK) were sprcoyed,to the leaves first times in the eaoly period of Fusarium wilt of watermelon,then spraying one times every 7 days,and continuous 3 times. The control efficacy of four kinds of chemicals on Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon was studied. The results showed that after medication three times,the control effects of 1% shenqinmycin suspending agent 1 000 times liquid,30% hymexazol agent 1 000 times liquid, respectively were 83. 5% and 75. 5%,the medicament efficacy were significantly higher than other two kinds of chemicals.


An AMPS/AM/NVP terpolymer oil well cement fluid loss agent that is thermostable and salt tolerant was prepared by aqueous solution free radical copolymerization technique with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) ,acrylamide (AM) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) as the materials,and the optimum conditions for synthesizing the fluid loss agent were identified.The API fluid loss in fresh water cement slurry can be controlled below 50 mL,and the API fluid loss in saturated salt water cement slurry can be controlled below 100 mL when this fluid loss agent is used.The application of this fluid loss agent has shown that the slurry system with this fluid loss agent as the main agent is of high performance in terms of low API fluid loss below 150℃ and good comprehensive properties.


Water samples were collected from a semi urban community in Nigeria with the aim of investigating the water quality index and antibiotic profile of bacterial isolates of closed ground water and open hand dug wells. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out using standard analytical methods. pH of groundwater and hand dug well ranged from 4.16 to 5.74 and 4.83 to 5.22 respectively. The total suspended solid of water samples for hand dug well ranged from 1.2-9.2mg/l. Also iron concentrations for groundwater and hand dug well water samples ranged from 0.15-0.54 mg/l and 0.62-1.12 mg/l respectively. Microbial analysis of the water samples revealed the presence of bacteria such as S. aureus, Klebsiella sp., E. coli, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterobacter aerogenes and fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The total heterotrophic bacterial count of water samples for groundwater and hand dug well samples indicated that values ranged from 2.9 4.4 ×103 cfu/ml and 5.4 – 8.6 ×103 cfu/ml respectively. Total coliform of water samples for groundwater and hand dug well samples indicated that values ranged from 5-8 MPN/100ml and 10-20 MPN/100ml respectively. E. coli count of water samples for groundwater and hand dug well samples indicated that values ranged from 0.0 MPN/100ml and 48 MPN/100ml respectively while total fungal count of groundwater and hand dug well samples indicated that values ranged from 0.0 6.0×102 cfu/ml and 3.5×10217.0×103 cfu/ml respectively. Variable antibiotic susceptibility patterns were observed in antibiotic inhibitory zone (mm) among the tested bacterial isolates. Evaluation of Water Quality Index indicated values of 34.4 for groundwater source indicating good water quality and 67.31 for open hand dug well


exemplify the principles of material transformation that animate his hierarchical yet meritocratic and monist universe." (132). Schoenfeldt provides here, among other tilings, a fascinating account of the role of excrement in heaven, in the creation, and in the preand postlapsarian worlds, offering the useful idea that Milton links the "patterns of eschatology to the rhythms of scatology" (156). An afterward provides a balanced assessment of what might be gained from taking the more wholistic medical theories of the early modern period more seriously than critics have tended to do. In sum, Bodies and Selves provides some salutary correctives to existing critical assumptions about how the early modern body and self were constituted and it offers readings of major texts that reconstruct their obsession with digestion and temperance. MARY THOMAS CRANE Boston College


Abstract Objective: To describe the impact of CHD surgery in early childhood on quality of life in children aged 10–16 years with surgically corrected Ventricular Septal Defect, Transposition of the Great Arteries, and Tetralogy of Fallot. Method: A cross-sectional survey study of quality of life survey on 161 children and adolescents aged 10–16 years with surgically corrected Ventricular Septal Defect, Transposition of the Great Arteries, and Tetralogy of Fallot. The international Paediatric Quality of Life 4.0 quality of life questionnaires were applied and collected for assessment from patients and parents. The endpoints were total, physical, emotional, social, and school quality of life scores. Results: The quality of life total and school scores was significantly lower in children with CHD than their healthy peers. There was no significant difference in quality of life between the three CHD groups. All three CHD groups had a significantly lower total (7.7–13.2%, p<0.001) and school scores (21.1–31.6%, p<0.001) than the control group. The tetralogy of Fallot group was the only group that had significantly lower scores in the physical subscale (p<0.001) than the controls. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with surgically corrected CHD show losses in quality of life in total and school scores compared to healthy controls. The tetralogy of Fallot group was the only CHD group that had significantly lower physical score than the controls.


Abstract : This report examines the key factors that inhibit the introduction of new technology into ongoing weapon systems. The effect of program manager (PM) risk aversion on this inhibition is evaluated. Factors causing PM risk aversion, including Department of Defense and Navy policies and procedures are considered. Results indicate major contributors to PM risk aversion include: risks taken that backfired, schedule pressure, program maturity, PM's relative loyalty to Self, Program, and Service, inadequate methods of measuring risk and inability to hedge or insure risk. Forces that keep new technology out of ongoing programs include cost constraints, risk averse PMs, and on rare occasion, higher level authority. (Author)


system. To everyday experience this yields a confusing picture, wherein the life-context is simultaneously integrated into production and the public sphere, and yet is at the same time excluded because in its concrete totality it is not recognized as an autonomous whole. 10. Marx says that, for the nineteenth-century proletariat, the abstraction of everything human, even of the semblance of the human, has in practice been achieved. The old and new public spheres of bourgeois society can respond only with palliatives; they provide, without any real change in the class situation, the semblance of humanity as a separate product. This is the foundation of the culture industry's pauperism [Pauperismus], which destroys experience.25 In the consciousness industry, but also in the public practice of aggrandizement and the ideological manufacture of the other production public spheres, the consciousness of the worker becomes the raw material and the site where these processes realize themselves. This does not alter the overall context of class struggles, but augments them with a higher, more opaque level. The position is fore it was possible after 1975, for example, to drive Volkswagen competition from American markets with the aid of safety regulations for automobile production. The most consistent exploitation of public norms is the so-called syndicate structure, which during the Third Reich represented the typical form of economic organization. Within this system the structuring of branches of industry adequate to the interests of the concern is accomplished by setting up statutory semistate institutions via which redistributions of economic wealth and attenuations of production and distribution take place. Organized on a private basis, such syndicates would come up against the ban on cartelsin statutory form they are perfectly feasible. An example of this is provided by the first piece of Federal legislation in the field of media policy, the so-called Film Subvention Law. In this case the legislative division of competence between federal and provincial levels was exploited by particular interests in the commercial cinema in such a way that the medium, which comprises cultural and economic dimensions, was to be subsidized in an abstract economic fashion, since federal legislation has competence only for the economic side of film. The result of this is the so-called "schmaltz-cartel" [Schnulzen-Kartell], a law which favors only certain films financed by concerns while bracketing out independent productions as merely "cultural." In the Film Subvention Bureau set up in the wake of the Film Subvention Law, representatives of parliament, the churches, and television work together with certain sectors of the film industry so that there arises a mixture of public and private power that is completely inscrutable. What is characteristic of this is the confusion of areas of responsibility: Bundestag deputies become, as presidents of this bureau, representatives of economic interests, thereby being subject to the legal monitoring of ministries which they themselves, as parliamentary deputies, control. Such constitutional nonsense would not have been possible in the classical public sphere; in supranational organizations above all, it becomes the norm. 25. See Jiirgen Habermas, "Die Dialektik der Rationalisierung. Vom Pauperismus in Produktion und Konsum," in Merkur, vol. VIII (1954), pp. 701ff. Reprinted in Arbeit, Erkenntnis, Fortschritt, Amsterdam, 1970, pp. 7ff. This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 07:16:09 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


The emergency return control parameters are generally calculated and accomplished on the ground in the flight missions of the manned spaceship.However,this method cannot resolve the requests of the complex flight missions,especially when the orbit is adjusted continually.A new method combined with GPS orbit prediction,analytics and neural network is proposed to settle the future situation.


The National Center for Research Resources and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences convened a working group on 27-28 April 2008, to advise us on the capabilities of and capacity needed for life sciences research at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II). NSLS-II is a new Department of Energy synchrotron facility to be built over the next several years, replacing the current NSLS, and is scheduled to become fully operational in 2015.


The Telescope Array (TA) experiment detects air showers induced by extremely high energy cosmic rays in the middle west of Utah, USA. The TA experiment consists of two different types of detector such as atmospheric fluorescence detectors (FDs) and surface array particle detectors (SDs). The SD observation started in March 2008. This paper describes the search for the small scale clusters from 850‐days TA SD data by auto‐correlation method for several energy thresholds. As a result, there is no indication of small scale clusters by TA SD.


Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used to investigate the structure, surface reaction and enhancement mechanism of adsorbed molecules on metal surfaces. However, a major limitation has been having to choose the molecules with functional groups capable of adsorbing onto metal surfaces. We report here SERS of Ni(II) tetrasulphonate phthalocyanine (Ni(II)PCS) as a result of introducing cationic surfactants like CTAB or CTAC. Ni(II)PCS does not adsorb onto a silver surface by itself and consequently does not show any SERS effect. The cationic surfactants employed here have functional groups to adsorb onto a silver surface and simultaneously interact with anionic sulphonate groups of Ni(II)PCS. Surfactant-aided SERS would expand the range of SERS application to molecules which are not able to adsorb onto metal surfaces by themselves.


The digitalization of the Industry is one of the megatrends taking place, but many companies struggle to follow this trend. The main reason is the absence of simple solutions for the integration of sensory functions, which are applicable to the existing system. Therefore, this paper discusses the aspects of simplicity in the context of integrating sensory functions into existing systems, to support the development of digitalized products.Two general requirements can be formulated for a solution to be applicable simple: The first requirement is affected by the product structure. The solution must affect the least possible amount of modules and must not interfere with the interfaces of the modular platform. The second requirement is affected by the effort to model the behaviour of the desired information and the possible data a sensory function is delivering. The effort to develop a reliable solution has to be compared with the commercial potential of the solution.To consider the mentioned requirements, the paper explains three approaches to assess the simplicity of solutions on an example of the desired monitoring of the functions of a rotary plug valve.


A series of P5+ – doped La2Mo2O9 phases with different concentrations of P5+ were prepared using conventional solid–state reactions. The formation of phase-pure P5+-doped La2Mo2O9 has been monitored by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, conductivity measurements, Raman, and FT-IR absorption techniques. The structure and lattice parameters of La2Mo2−yPyO9−y/2 are obtained from Rietveld refinement. The effect of substituting P for Mo reveals that the phase transition which occurs in La2Mo2O9 around 560 °C disappears when y > 0.02, as demonstrated by thermal analysis. Pure P5+-doped phases with monoclinic structure (α-form, the space group P21) were observed for the concentration of optically active ions up to y = 0.02. When the concentration of P5+ ions is higher, a cubic structure (β-form, the space group P213) starts to appear. However, up to the concentration of y = 0.03 of the P5+ ion a mixture of the monoclinic and cubic phases has been observed. From infrared and Raman analysis it is confirmed that different vibration modes arise from the vibration of molybdenum–oxygen bands. Mo–O bond lengths are also found to be independent of P-doping.


Group testing algorithms are very useful tools for DNA library screening. Building on recent work by Levenshtein (2003) and Tonchev (2008), we construct in this paper new infinite classes of combinatorial structures, the existence of which are essential for attaining the minimum number of individual tests at the second stage of a two-stage disjunctive testing algorithm.


Acute and chronic complications in patients with InsulinDependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) are expected to be reduced with good and effective control of patients' blood glucose concentration. This paper describes how the Diabetic Advisory System (DIAS) can be used in managing blood glucose control in patients with IDDM.


A microporous MOF structure, D-his–ZIF-8, with a chiral environment was synthesized via a simple ligand in situ substitution (LIS) of 2-methyl imidazolate (mIm) with D-histidine. These chiral MOF composites show exceptional selective separation capability for racemic alanine and glutamic acid, with an ee value of 78.52% and 79.44%, respectively.


The socialist road with Chinese characteristics,a great contribution to human civilization,is not only the part of history of China,but also the part of the world history.The contributions are manifested in the following aspects: the Chinese road strengthens the material foundations of human civilization;the Chinese road displays the diversity of human civilization;the Chinese road opens up a new road to the peaceful development;and the Chinese road offers experiences to tackle problems emerging in the process of human civilization.


By introducing some parameters and estimating the weight function,a new Hilbert-type integral inequality with a best constant factor is given.The equivalent inequality and the reverse forms are also considered.


Feature-oriented analysis (FOA) provides key information for developing reusable and adaptable product line assets. The information includes commonalities and variabilities, various dependencies between features, and their binding time information. On the other hand, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) provides effective mechanisms for encapsulating crosscutting concerns into separate entities, called aspects. By tightly coupling FOA with AOP, we can enhance reusability, adaptability, and configurability of product line assets. In this paper, we present detailed guidelines on how FOA and AOP can be combined. To validate our approach, we applied it to the engineering of an intelligent service robot product line


Biodiversity contributes to nutrient production and, together with processing, is a critical factor in product quality. Physicochemical and nutritional properties of toasted tortillas (totopos) were evaluated in 1) maize samples from Oaxaca communities and 2) maize races of different endosperm texture. Texture profiles show that totopos elaborated from Zapalote Chico maize race showed the best performance (low breaking force) and higher crunchability, similar to commercial totopos. Quality of Zapalote Chico totopos was explained by flotation index (FI) and starch viscosity as well as thermal properties. FI was negatively correlated with texture that may related to end use. Zapalote Chico maize gelatinizes at higher (P 0.05) peak viscosity (3,093–4,723 cP), suggesting a more organized starch structure. In hybrid and Tuxpeno samples, most of the starch granules (90%) were gelatinized and increased the hardness in totopos. The totopo samples in...


The critical current is an important parameter of superconductor. The effects on the critical current density(J_c) of MgB_2 superconductor are summarized from preparation techniques, element doping and physical field, respectively. MgB_2 prepared by high pure amorphous boron has higher J_c value. Doping SiC or Ti in MgB_2 enhances the J_c. The high-magnetic-field critical current density of MgB_2 is increased by proton irradiation. The transport critical current density of MgB_2 sintering in high magnetic field increases significantly.


The continuous growth of the commercial aviation industry requires the development of novel technologies to reduce its increasing impact on climate change. Technical solutions, such as the electrification of aircraft propulsion require extensive research and exhaustive testing to reach the required levels of performance, reliability, and safety. Therefore, the development of these new technologies requires new testing infrastructure that is technically suitable for this purpose. In this report we present a fully implemented platform intended to test electrified aircraft propulsion systems at up to 1 kV and 200 kW. This platform is designed to be adaptable to multiple testing needs and system configurations, such as fully-electric, turboelectric and hybrid-electric. The adaptability and strategic value of this platform is demonstrated through experimental results and performance assessment of an electric engine under test. Results include the operational envelope where at 2700 RPM, the electric engine can provide 71.6 kW of propulsive power to an aircraft at 95% efficiency. Additionally, results for performance at 30 kW constant power and a flight mission profile with an emulated 128 Wh/Kg LiFePO4 battery pack are presented. The development of tests for certification of electric engines also demonstrate the relevance of the platform.


Abstract The ultimate elongation of vulcanized rubbers attains its maximum at a temperature Tmax, which was found to be sensitively increasing with increasing sequence regularity of alternating BD-AN copolymers and with increasing length of hard block of BD-ST block copolymers. Two kinds of rupture are proposed: a brittle rupture at low temperature occurs when the chain is extended fully and a plastic rupture occurs when the loosening of the chain caused by bond scission becomes faster than elongation. In the former case αb ∝ 1/αη˙, whereas in the latter αb ∝ 1/ατ˙, η and τ being resistance to viscous slippage and bond scission, respectively. It is estimated that Tmax decreases with increasing the crosslinks as well as the amorphous part, similar to a melting point.


With the gradual reduction of fossil fuels, it is essential to find alternative renewable sources of energy. It is important to take advantage of substitutes that are less expensive and more efficient in energy production. Photovoltaic concentrators (CPVs) are effective methods through which solar energy can be maximized resulting in more conversion into electrical power. V-trough concentrators are the simplest types of low-CPV in terms of design as it is limited to the use of two plane mirrors with a flat photovoltaic (PV) plate. A consequence of concentrating more solar radiation on a PV panel is an increase in its temperature that may decrease its efficiency. In this work, the thermal profile of the PV plate in a V-trough system will be determined when this system is placed in different geographical locations in Saudi Arabia. The simulation is conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software with a ray optics package integrated with a heat transfer routine. The 21st of June was chosen to conduct the simulation as it coincides with the summer solstice. The employment of wind as a cooling method for V-troughs was investigated in this work. It was found that with the increase in wind speed, the PV panel temperature dropped significantly below its optimum operating temperature. However, due to the mirrors' attachment to the PV panel, the temperature distribution on the surface of the panel was nonuniform. The temperature gradient on the PV surface was reduced with the increase of wind speed but not significantly. Reducing the size of the mirrors resulted in a partial coverage of solar radiation on the PV surface which helped in reducing the temperature gradient but did not eliminate it. This work can assist in testing numerous cooling models to optimize the use of V-troughs and increase its efficiency especially in locations having high ambient temperatures.


Quantum radars at X-Band suffer from two major issues today: cost and performance. The cost of quantum radar at X-Band is roughly ten orders of magnitude more than the corresponding classical radar today. Also, the detection performance of experimental quantum radars at X-Band is not any better than the optimal classical radar today. We discuss future research in X-Band quantum radars, including a theoretical idea to simulate quantum radar without cryogenic dilution refrigerators. This idea uses digital waveform generation rather than analog signal generation.


Mammalian aldehyde oxidases (AOX) belong to the xanthine oxidase (XO) family of Mo-containing enzymes. These enzymes contain Mo bound to an organic molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) with two spectroscopically distinct [2Fe-2S] centres and an FAD site involved in electron transfer [1]. Reactivity appears to be conferred solely by the Mo centre, while specificity is controlled by the amino acid residues in the substrate binding pocket. Aldehyde Oxidase (AOX) has great toxicological importance since, along with cytochrome P450, it metabolizes different classes of drugs and xenobiotics being an enzyme of emerging significance in phase-I drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. The crystallization and structure determination of human AOX1 [2] and mouse AOX3 [3] have brought new insights into the structure and the mechanisms underlying substrate/inhibitor binding as well as the catalytic activity of this class of enzymes. Of special relevance was the identification of a novel inhibition site that is common to XO and AOX. AOX and XO show a high degree of structural similarity but a single XO enzyme is known while several AOX enzymes are present in different animal species. This is the case in rodents, which possess four different AOX isoenzymes while humans express only one (hAOX1) [2]. The reason for this is still unknown and the fact that the different mouse isoforms metabolize different substrates and are localized in a tissue specific manner is a puzzling question and has led to failures in drug development projects. To clarify the hAOX enzymatic and inhibition mechanisms, several variants were prepared and, kinetic studies in combination with computational and structural studies, allowed identifying the structural determinants for the specific of hAOX1. The ensemble of the published and novel crystal structures has provided important structural insights into the catalytic and inhibition mechanisms of AOX1 and will be presented.


We consider the Ginzburg-Landau phase transition model with O(n) symmetry (i.e., the n-vector model) which includes a quenched randomness, i.e., a random temperature disorder. We have proven rigorously that within the diagrammatic perturbation theory the quenched randomness does not change the critical exponents at n tending to 0, which is in contrast to the conventional point of view based on the perturbative renormalization group theory.


With the rapid development of informatization constructions of State Grid,business activities such as production,operation and management increasingly rely on information systems,further the data reliability and business continuity of information system becomes more important.The company has built three disaster recovery centers at Beijing,Shanghai and Xi'an respectively,to achieve the data level disaster recovery smoothly,which makes information systems with the greater ability to resist damages from several destructive factors,e.g.,man-made factors and natural emergencies.However,the application level disaster recovery will further enhance the ability of business continuity.This paper introduces definitions of data level disaster recovery and application level disaster recovery,analyzes several key technologies(e.g.the application synchronization technology and the application switching technology) involved in the design and construction of application level disaster recovery center.Based on the in-depth analysis,we think that much attention should be paid to the way of integrating the application environment mirror update and synchronization technology with the DNS-based application switching technology in order to achieve the application level disaster recovery of critical business information systems.


North Carolina is one of fourteen states directly regulating and controlling milk markets. The regulations are administratively complex and vary from state to state, but the general pattern of regulation follows that set by the comprehensive Federal regulation which began in 1937 with the passage of the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act. Milk markets in most of the country, including the major producing regions, are regulated and controlled by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). As a result of both state and federal controls, virtually no markets are unregulated. The consequences of Federal regulation of milk markets have been studied intensively, notably by Kessel and more recently by Kwoka. Less is known about the form and effects of state regulation. In this paper we analyze the case of milk market regulation in North Carolina. Specifically, we (1) review the ongoing regulation and assess the market structure and conduct of market participants including regulators; (2) review and analyze the economic implications and legal developments in reconstituting milk; and (3) investigate the policy alternatives with the purpose of determining whether there are options which, if adopted, will generate more social gains than associated social losses.


ABSTRACT Elastic tethers, connecting telomeres of all separating anaphase chromosome pairs, lose elasticity when they lengthen during anaphase. Treatment with phosphatase inhibitor CalyculinA causes anaphase chromosomes to move backwards after they reach the poles, suggesting that dephosphorylation causes loss of tether elasticity. We added 50nM CalyculinA to living anaphase crane-fly spermatocytes with different length tethers. When tethers were short, almost all partner chromosomes moved backwards after nearing the poles. When tethers were longer, fewer chromosomes moved backwards. With yet longer tethers none moved backward. This is consistent with tether elasticity being lost by dephosphorylation. 50nM CalyculinA blocks both PP1 and PP2A. To distinguish between PP1 and PP2A we treated cells with short tethers with 50nM okadaic acid which blocks solely PP2A, or with 1µM okadaic acid which blocks both PP1 and PP2A. Only 1µM okadaic acid caused chromosomes to move backward. Thus, tether elasticity is lost because of dephosphorylation by PP1.


This paper reviews and extends the recent work on signed real measure of regular languages for discrete-event supervisory control within a unified framework. The language measure provides total ordering of any set of partially ordered sublanguages of a regular language to allow quantitative evaluation of the controlled behavior of deterministic finite state automata under different supervisors. The paper presents a procedure by which performance of different supervisors can be evaluated based on a common quantitative tool. Two algorithms are discussed for computation of the language measure. A physical interpretation of the language measure is given from the perspective of discrete-event supervisory control synthesis.


The equations of the two-body problem of general relativity are derived by a Hamiltonian method based on an expansion of the general covariant Lagrangian in powers of the gravitational constant and by employing the techniques and the viewpoint of quantum field theory. It is found that, within the approximation in which they have so far been calculated, the equations could have been obtained identically from a linear theory of gravitation.


Personalized molecularly targeted therapy has largely not lived up to its promise of providing curative therapies due to a lack of durable therapeutic response driven by a lack of drug target engagement (i.e. sublethal drug delivery to the tumor) and cell signaling reprogramming as a mechanism of acquired resistance. To simultaneously measure both of these factors, we have developed and optimized a fluorescence imaging platform, Therapeutic Response Imaging through Proteomic and Optical Drug Distribution (TRIPODD), resulting in the only methodology capable of simultaneous quantification of single-cell DTE and protein expression with preserved spatial context within a tumor.


Network Access Control requirements are typically implemented in practice as a series of heterogeneous security-mechanism-centric policies that span system services and application domains. For example, a Network Access Control policy might be configured in terms of firewall, proxy, intrusion prevention and user-access policies. While defined separately, these security policies may interoperate in the sense that the access requirements of one may conflict and/or be redundant with respect to the access requirements of another. Thus, managing a large number of distinct policies becomes a major challenge in terms of deploying and maintaining a meaningful and consistent configuration. It is argued that employing techniques of the Semantic Web - an architecture that supports the formal representation, reasoning and sharing of heterogeneous domain knowledge - provides a natural approach to solving this challenge. A risk-based approach to configuring interoperable Network Access Control policies is described. Each Network Access Control mechanism has an ontology that is used to represent its configuration. This knowledge is unified with higher-level business (risk) rules, providing a single (extensible) ontology that supports reasoning across the different Network Access Control policy configurations.


Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are enticing surprising attention due to their dual functions of energy generation and waste removal from wastewaters. Microbial fuel cells use microbial metabolism to convert biochemical metabolic energy into electrical current by using different substrates. Microbes are fed in the anode with the substrate (e.g., domestic, industrial, leachates, etc.) to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells. It provides an opportunity for the feasible production of energy from bio-degradable organic matters while treating wastewater. In recent years, despite the extensive efforts to improve the efficiency of the cell, energy production is still low, especially in scaled-up systems. However, the construction cost of microbial fuel cells is relatively higher than fossil fuel prices, so it makes doubtful that power generation can ever be competitive with existent energy generation approaches but improvements in power densities, reductions in materials costs may make microbial fuel cells real-world for electricity generation. In-depth review of literature, the study summarizes the role of microorganisms and substrate in the anode chamber. It includes types, components, mechanism and operation of microbial fuel cells. This review highlights various parameters affecting microbial fuel cells, current challenges and applications in the production of electrical energy in a sustainable way.


By means of metal graph analysis,micro-hardness measurement and fracture scanning analysis,the microstructures and micro-hardness values of AZ80 magnesium alloy aged at different temperatures,were compared.The effect of aging temperature on the alloy structure property was analyzed.The results show that the aging temperature has an effect on the property of AZ80 alloy.The optimal aging temperature of AZ80 alloy was suggested.


The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) proposes that adverse events during early life program an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Experimental models provide proof of concept but also indicate that insults during early life program sex differences in adult blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. This review will highlight the potential mechanisms that contribute to the etiology of sex differences in the developmental programming of cardiovascular disease. Suttira Intapad, Norma B. Ojeda, John Henry Dasinger, and Barbara T. Alexander Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; The Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and The Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular & Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi email@example.com


To investigate the effect of endotoxin on phospholipid metabolism of erythrocyte membrane(ECM) and cation A antagonism in rabbits,HPLC was used to measure the contents of phosphatidylcholine(PC),phosphatidylethanolamin(PE),phosphatidylserine(PS) and phosphatidylinositol(PI) in erythrocyte membrane of three groups:the normal controls(groupⅠ),endotoxin treatment group(groupⅡ) and cation A and endotoxin treatment group(groupⅢ).It was found that the contents of the four phospholipids in groupⅡ were lower than those of groupⅠ during experiment(P0.05,P0.01) except the contents of PE were no significant difference as compared to groupⅠ at the 0.5 h(P0.05).Except no significant difference in PS,PE and PI at the 0.5 h,PC at the 1 h and PI at the 3 h(P0.05),the significantly increase in the contents of four phospholipids in groupⅢ were observed as compared to groupⅡ(P0.05,P0.01).These results indicated that endotoxin could decrease the major membrane phospholipids in ECM,whereas CA possessed a prominent protective effect for ECM to antagonize the endotoxin injures and provide a valuable evidence for the use of some antagonistic endotoxin drugs.


Introduction 1. The Church overseas in the 1760s 2. Preaching liberty: orphans, slaves and citizenship 3. The Church Missionary Society 4. The heroic phase (1): corporate redefinition and controversy 5. The heroic phase (2): missionary praxis 6. The imperial Church (1): the overseas dioceses 7. The imperial Church (2): managing the missions 8. Some mid-century crises Conclusion Appendices: 1: SPG Board meetings, 1751-1860: attendances by bishops 2: Anniversary preachers use of Biblical texts


It was primarily discussed the difference of programming languages,which were used in railway Web applications.It also provided several different ways for handling the communication of these Web programming languages.


It has been generally accepted that kinetin inhibits local lesion formation on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated bean leaves1,2,3). It still, however, remains obscure whether kinetin inhibits the establishment of infective center in an early infection process or the multiplication in bean leaves later on. This paper describes the effect of kinetin, which was treated for a limited time during early infection stages, on local lesion formation on bean leaves inoculated with TMV or TMV-RNA. The author is indebted to Professor Dr. T. Hirai and Dr. A. Yamaguchi, for valuable suggestions and helpful discussions. Thanks are also due to Mr. Y. Hisada for supplying TMV-RNA. Uniformly expanded primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Kairyo Otebo grown in a


The variance profile is defined as the power mean of the spectral density function of a stationary stochastic process. It is a continuous and nondecreasing function of the power parameter, p, which returns the minimum of the spectrum (p→−∞), the interpolation error variance (harmonic mean, p=−1), the prediction error variance (geometric mean, p=0), the unconditional variance (arithmetic mean, p=1), and the maximum of the spectrum (p→∞). The variance profile provides a useful characterization of a stochastic process; we focus in particular on the class of fractionally integrated processes. Moreover, it enables a direct and immediate derivation of the Szegö-Kolmogorov formula and the interpolation error variance formula. The article proposes a nonparametric estimator of the variance profile based on the power mean of the smoothed sample spectrum, and proves its consistency and its asymptotic normality. From the empirical standpoint, we propose and illustrate the use of the variance profile for estimating the long memory parameter in climatological and financial time series and for assessing structural change.


. We propose some one-dimensional reduced models for the three-dimensional electron magnetohydrodynamics which involves a highly nonlinear Hall term with intricate structure. The models contain nonlocal nonlinear terms which are more singular than that of the one-dimensional models for the Euler equation and the surface quasi-geostrophic equation. Local well-posedness is obtained in certain circumstances. In contrast, for a model with nonlocal transport term, we show that finite time singularity may occur for some initial data.


The breakup of the former Soviet Union left Ukraine`s nuclear power industry in the lurch. Rampant inflation and the consequent skyrocketing price of fossil fuels has given Ukrain`s nuclear industry a greater share of the energy pie, say Vladimir M. Kramchenkov, deputy head of the technical department at the Zaporozhe nuclear station in Energodar, Ukraine, and Michael K. Launer, professor of Russian at Florida State University in Tallahassee. But with the economy in a downward spiral, conditions in the nuclear industry are getting worse rather than better. {open_quotes}Manufacturers don`t pay transporters; and employers often don`t pay workers for several months at a time,{close_quotes} the authors note. The authors conclude that while nuclear power will be vital to Ukrain`s industrial strength, {open_quotes}the economic woes currently plaguing Ukraine-including persistent, rampant inflation-will continue to affect every aspect of Ukrainian society, including the energy sector.{close_quotes}


QRS complex plays an important| role in heart work. Changes of its duration by shortening or prolonga-tion cause serious difficulties in electrophysiology and biomechanics of the heart. Recent publications| concerning changes of QRS complex duration in different cardiovascular diseases are given. The electrophysiology, biochemistry and biomechanical implementation of QRS complex and factors that influence its duration are discussed. The causes and mechanisms of changes of QRS complex duration during cardiovascular diseases are considered. It is emphasized that QRS complex duration influences not only clinical status, but also prognosis of the patients with cardiovascular diseases.


Automotive megatrends such as connected, autonomous and electrified vehicles are driving penetration of automotive electronic technology in every vehicle subsystem. However, these electronic units need to be interfaced with input/output devices from outside world. The same need to be interfaced with a robust and reusable architecture conforming to automotive norms. When generic electronic control units (ECUs) need to be reused across diverse vehicle families and segments, it is desirable that every ECU pin interfaced with the outside world needs to be capable of performing multiple tasks. This is particularly true of digital outputs (such as solenoids, lamps, on/off motors etc.) and digital inputs (such as command switches, pushbuttons, pressure switches, thermal switches etc.) Current smart switch peripheral ICs can be used only as outputs and cannot be configured as inputs whenever demanded by application requirements. Also, these smart switch architectures provide conservatively generic solutions which prove to be "over engineered" for many digital output solutions such as simple LED or Solenoid controls. This paper proposes a novel smart switch cum input interface architecture which can be optimally tailored to a given set of output load requirements such as current profile, thermal requirements, protection on one hand and a simple digital on/off input interface on the other hand. The architecture design employs a system engineering technique which lists performance requirements and explores alternate architectures to meet the same. All the alternatives are rated on various performance metrics to arrive at the rightmost choice fitting a given application. The paper ends with a design example which covers both hardware philosophy and a state machine based low level command/diagnostic driver. Future directions and opportunities for this solution are discussed at the end.


The investigations reported in this article were undertaken primarily to determine whether fluorescent lamps could be su b stituted, a t least in part, for incandescent lamps during the in duction treatment. Also in some experiments, the two types of lamps were compared during the postinduction period. The contrasting plant response to illumination by fluores cen t lamps during the two developmental stages is of special significance and suggests a n ew concept with respect to the process -prev iously referred to by the writer as photothermal induction. The 1959 results were presented at the II th General Meeting of the Amer ican Society of Sugar Beet T echnologists" but publication was postponed until additional data could be obtained.


We compared three anthropometric charts to determine which provided the best predictions for adverse outcomes in very preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants to address a lack of consensus on this subject.


This pilot study was performed to compare healthy and colorectal cancer samples by investigating R1 NMRD profiles acquired with Fast Field-Cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry. We collected samples from 18 patients and found a significant difference (P=0.001) in the relaxation rates between normal and colorectal cancer tumours below 100 kHz (2.3uT), while this difference became smaller with increasing the magnetic field strengths and disappeared above 1 MHz (23 uT). This dispersion profile may lead to great potential for diagnosis, staging and monitoring treatment response.