Parameter reconstruction is a common problem in optical nano metrology. It generally involves a set of measurements, to which one attempts to fit a numerical model of the measurement process. The model evaluation typically involves to solve Maxwell's equations and is thus time consuming. This makes the reconstruction computationally demanding. Several methods exist for fitting the model to the measurements. On the one hand, Bayesian optimization methods for expensive black-box optimization enable an efficient reconstruction by training a machine learning model of the squared sum of deviations. On the other hand, curve fitting algorithms, such as the Levenberg-Marquardt method, take the deviations between all model outputs and corresponding measurement values into account which enables a fast local convergence. In this paper we present a Bayesian Target Vector Optimization scheme which combines these two approaches. We compare the performance of the presented method against a standard Levenberg-Marquardt-like algorithm, a conventional Bayesian optimization scheme, and the L-BFGS-B and Nelder-Mead simplex algorithms. As a stand-in for problems from nano metrology, we employ a non-linear least-square problem from the NIST Standard Reference Database. We find that the presented method generally uses fewer calls of the model function than any of the competing schemes to achieve similar reconstruction performance.


In the great family of francophone literatures, Acadian literature occupies a singular position. Long dominated by the ' Maillet phenomenon' of Antonine Maillet, the only Acadian to have received the Priz Goncourt, which she received for her novel Pelagie-la-Charette in 1979, a deeper analysis shows the complexities of this literature, hesitating constantly between a respect for a certain historical tradition and the necessity to go beyond this. More than ever, Acadianite (Acadianness) and Americanite (Americanness) meet before being subtly intermingled. The case of the writers who are members of the Association Acadienne des Artistes Professionel(le)s du Nouveau Brunswick appears, from this point of view, to provide an excellent case study and a good reflection of a literary Acadia lost more than ever between tradition and modernism at the beginning of the twenty-first century.


Adler-Bell-Jackiw chiral anomaly is a representative feature arising from the topological nature in topological semimetal. We report the first experimental observation of giant planar Hall effect in type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2. Our comprehensive analyes of the experimental data demonstrate that the detected planar Hall effect is originated from the chiral anomaly of Weyl fermions. Unlike the somewhat elusive negative magnetoresistance, the planar Hall effect is robust and easy to be detected in type-II Weyl semimetal. This work reveals that the planar Hall effect is an effective transport probe to determine the topological nature of topological semimetals, especially in type-II Weyl semimetals.


Fast spontaneous crystallisation of amorphous water in the course of the growth of a condensate film at 80 K was detected after the film thickness reached a constant critical value.


The present study was conducted on ovary and oviduct of 18 healthy female Kendrapada sheep from the Kendrapada district, Odisha minimum six each from three age groups viz. pre-pubertal (4-6 months), pubertal (8 to 10 months) and adult animals (11 months and above). After conducting gross studies, histological, micrometrical and histochemical observations were made from sections obtained from different parts of the ovary and oviduct. Gross studies revealed that the ovaries of Kendrapada sheep were firm and oval in shape. They were held in positions by the broad ligament known as mesovarium. The oviducts were tortuous and had three parts as infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus. Biometrical observations revealed that the weight of left ovary and oviduct were more than the right ones in pubertal and post-pubertal stages. The left oviduct was longer in the animal. Histological studies revealed that the ovary consisted of an outer cortex and an inner medulla. Further, the cortex consisted of the superficial epithelium or germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, primary follicles, secondary follicles, matured Graafian follicles and atretic follicles. The medulla had Hilar cells, blood vessels, collagen and reticular fibers. The wall of the oviduct comprised of four layers viz., tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The oviduct was lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium. Mucosal folds were maximum in the tubual part of infundibulum, less in ampulla and least in isthmus in all stages of the animal. The propria–submucosa was comprised of loose connective tissue with blood vessels, abundant amount of collagen fibres and few reticular fibers. It housed oviductal glands that were simple tubulo-alveolar type. The micrometrical, histochemical and histoenzymatic studies of ovary and oviduct revealed variable results pertaining to their functional status and genetic potential at pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal stages of Kendrapada sheep.


This study focuses on impacts of middle-level public management and gender on organizational performance. Although a significant progress has been made to support the positive management-performance link as well as the important role of gender in public management, most studies have been conducted in the context of developed countries, and little is known if the current body of knowledge is applicable to developing countries. To fill this gap, this study investigates the impact of public management and gender on organizational performance in the context of Indonesian public schools by adopting Moore`s (1995) distinctive concept of management ? managing upward, downward, and outward. Different findings as compared to the current knowledge accumulated in developed countries suggest that different approaches to understanding and managing public organizations in developing countries are needed.


The 2014 Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Standing Review Panel (from here on referred to as the SRP) met for a site visit in Houston, TX on December 17 18, 2014. The SRP reviewed the updated research plan for the Risk of Performance Errors Due to Fatigue Resulting from Sleep Loss, Circadian Desynchronization, Extended Wakefulness, and Work Overload (Sleep Risk) and also received a status update on the Risk of Adverse Behavioral Conditions and Psychiatric Disorders (BMed Risk) and the Risk of Performance Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team (Team Risk).


Objective Surgeons generally determine depth of resection during transoral laser cordectomy by visual inspection of the surgical field. Our aim was to examine the correlation between early glottic cancer depth of resection as reported by surgeons in the operation report and depth of resection defined by pathology specimens, using various staining techniques intended to differentiate between the distinct vocal fold layers based on particular collagen deposition. Study Design Retrospective study. Setting A voice and swallowing clinic at a tertiary referral hospital. Methods We compared depth of cordectomy assessed intraoperatively by surgeons and by pathologists using Picrosirius red stain and collagen I immunohistochemistry stain in 32 patients who underwent transoral laser cordectomy for early glottic cancer. Results For type I, II, and III cordectomy, the respective proportions of patients were 14 (47%), 9 (30%), and 7 (23%) according to surgeons' estimations; 2 (6%), 17 (55%), and 12 (39%) according to Picrosirius red stain; and 3 (11%), 12 (44%), and 12 (45%) according to immunohistochemistry for collagen I. Conclusion Surgeons' reported depth of resection did not correlate with depth of resection established by either staining technique. Determining depth of resection necessitates special stains, which should help in the clinical assessment of cordectomy type.


A new and simple method for separation of niobium by solvent extraction has been described. Niobium has been determined in the form of colored mixed-ligand complex with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and acetate ion applying selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method. Molar absorptivity was 4.6 ± 0.05 × 10 4 L mol ―1 cm ―1 at 397 nm (λ max ) and detection limit equaled to 20 ng mL-'. A comparative study on extraction of niobium(V) using different organic solvents has shown that extractability, sensitivity, and selectivity of the proposed method depend on the nature of solvents and hetero-ligands used. Niobium has been successfully separated in the presence ofTi, V, Mo, Zr, Ta, W, Fe, Al, Cr, U, Th, Ni, Co, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Mn, thereby eliminating the interference of these ions during its spectrophotometric determination. The designed method has been applied to the recovery of niobium from silicate rocks, ores, and columbite-tantalite minerals.


Relationships between motivations for leisure and participation in types of activities and demographic and socioeconomic variables were studied in 1,089 elderly recreational vehicle tourists. Subjects were drawn from a popular winter recreational vehicle tourist area and data were gathered through a self-report survey instrument. Leisure motivations investigated were: rest and relaxation, association with friends and family, physical exercise, learning experience, and self-fulfillment. Chi-square analysis indicated significant relationships between motivations and selected active and sedentary leisure activities, age, occupation, income, and per ceived health status. Little relationship was ascertained between motivations and educational level.


We analyzed two ultracarbonaceous interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and two cometary Wild 2 particles with infrared spectroscopy. We characterized the carrier of the 3.4 μm band in these samples and compared its profile and the CH2/CH3 ratios to the 3.4 μm band in the diffuse interstellar medium (DISM), in the insoluble organic matter from three primitive meteorites, in asteroid 24 Themis, and in the coma of comet 103P/Hartley 2. We found that the 3.4 μm band in both Wild 2 and IDPs is similar, but different from all of the other astrophysical environments that we compared it to. The 3.4 μm band in the IDPs and Wild 2 particles is dominated by CH2 groups, the peaks are narrower and stronger than in the meteorites, asteroid Themis, and the DISM. Also, the presence of the carbonyl group C=O at ∼1700 cm−1 (5.8 μm) in most of the spectra of our samples indicates that these aliphatic chains have O bonded to them, which is quite different from astronomical spectra of the DISM. Based on all of these observations, we conclude that the origin of the carrier of the 3.4 μm band in the IDPs and Wild 2 samples is not interstellar; instead, we suggest that the origin lies in the outermost parts of the solar nebula.


Predation often occurs slowly, so that observing a sufficiently large sample of entire predation episodes represents an inconvenient means of quantitatively estimating the predator's diet. Fortunately, related data are usually available specifying the proportions of predators found feeding on each prey type. We demonstrate how dividing the observed proportion of all predators found feeding on a given prey type by the average contact time required to consume a single item of that prey type produces an estimate of the relative frequency of the prey in the predator's diet. The analogous procedure, when based upon residence times in the gut, serves to derive a quantitative estimate of diet from numerical data on gut contents. Key words: dietary analysis, feeding frequencies, stomach contents, predator–prey contact times


Knowledge of elements and compounds is important teaching content of chemistry in middle schools.It is meaningful for high school chemistry teaching to explore the value of elements and compounds teaching and to study the relevant teaching strategy.In this article,the teaching value of the knowledge of element and compound has been analyzed,and two teaching strategies have been constructed,which are the strategy based on specific substances and the strategy based on conversion process.Then taking the teaching of sulfur sulfur compounds as examples,the efficiency of these two teaching strategies is examined by both qualified and quantified research including classroom observation,interview,questionnaire,etc.It has been concluded that the two strategies are both effective and the effect of teaching based on conversion process is more significant.


A photograph of Frank Page published in 1922. Image from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [2]Frank Page, banker, industrialist, railroad builder, and father of North Carolina's modern highway system, was born at Cary [3]of French and English ancestry. His father was Allison Francis Page [4], a pioneer in the development of railroads, banking, and industry in the Sandhills section of central North Carolina. His mother was Catherine Raboteau Page. Upon completion of his preparatory education at Davis Military School, young Page entered The University of North Carolina [5] for two years of study. He then joined his father and brothers in their farflung business operations in Aberdeen.


This article examines the understudied intersection between migration and contentious politics, focusing specifically on immigrant participation in social movements within their host societies. Drawing upon data from the Anti‐Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti‐ELAB) Movement in Hong Kong, it illuminates the process through which Chinese immigrants become politicized, evolve collective identities, and mobilize against civil dominance. Further, it underscores the transformative potential of social movements in facilitating immigrant political incorporation. However, it also recognizes the unilateral acceptance determined by mainstream society, which often leaves immigrants sidelined in discussions regarding their qualifications for unconventional political participation. To address civil inequality, immigrants establish their civil identities, challenge dominance, and amass political capital for future incorporation. This study extends the migration and social movements literature by shedding light on the political dynamics of immigrant participation and the hurdles they encounter during their journey toward political incorporation. It also underscores the significant role of progressive social movements in fostering immigrant political participation. Furthermore, the research highlights the unique immigrant political identity that emerges and evolves through participation in social movements, contesting exclusion and monopolistic dominance over democratic realization.


In order to solve the coexisting conflict of waterlogging and water shortage of Beijing city,it is necessary to integrate the latest concept of ecological stormwater management into urban planning process,and change the tradition of great reliance on large-scale engineering facilities and pipeline construction.This paper explores a new way of stormwater utilization through landscape architecture,structuring the urban green sponge,with green space and water system as the main body.Through a case study in a site in Beijing Yizhuang Development Zone,the technical solution of planning a three level ecological stormwater regulation system is provided.The system can benefit in preventing urban waterlogging,water conservation and creating wetland landscape,via the source control and on spot infiltration of stormwater runoff.


Recently, infrared object detection(IOD) has been extensively studied due to the rapid growth of deep neural networks(DNN). Adversarial attacks using imperceptible perturbation can dramatically deteriorate the performance of DNN. However, most adversarial attack works are focused on visible image recognition(VIR), and there are few methods for IOD. We propose deep learning-based adversarial attacks for IOD by expanding several state-of-the-art adversarial attacks for VIR. We effectively validate our claim through comprehensive experiments on two challenging IOD datasets, including FLIR and MSOD.


Development of m e m b r a n e ch lo r -a lka l i cells dur ing this past decade r ep re sents a m a j o r advancement for commercia l e lect rochemical technology. Chemical engineer ing appl icat ions of separa t ion processes such as this involve diffusional mass t ransfe r tha t can be t r ea ted as a ra te process. The ch lo r -a lka l i app l ica t ion includes sodium, chloride, and hyd roxy l ions plus wa te r as mobi le species in caustic soda and br ine solutions and also be tween immisc ib le membrane and solution phases. These immiscible phases are brought into contact to a l low select ive t ransfer of sodium and wa te r from br ine to the caustic solutions. Previous da ta repor ted on NaOH diffusion th rough Nation| membranes , DNaOH, a r e difficult to in te rp re t because not only do they involve hydrox ide and sodium ion fluxes to give average diffusion coefficients, but also unknown gradients of e lec t ro ly te and wa te r concentra t ion are present in the membrane phase. This p resen t work grea t ly simplifies these problems encountered by isolat ing and measur ing the precise sodium ion self-diffusion coefficient, D N a + , with r ad io t r ace r techniques in various du Pont Nation@ and EDA modified membranes . I t then re la tes the D~'a + to equiva len t weight, surface t rea tment , and fabric backing in these membranes . These data for D N a + a r e very impor tan t in ch lo r -a lka l i cells because the sodium ion is the ma jo r cur ren t carr ier ; the re fore, its value can be re la ted to the re la t ive ac t iva t ion energy and vol tage drop among s imi lar membranes . The deve lopment of ch lo r -a lka l i cells which employ permse lec t ive ion exchange membranes as separa tors represents a ma jo r advancement in e lect rochemical technology. Nation| 1 perfluorosulfonic acid ion exchange membranes have the necessary chemical s tab i l i ty and ionic t ranspor t p roper t ies which are needed for this appl ica t ion as wel l as for fuel cells of var ious designs. In o rde r to br ing these technologies to full commercial izat ion, i t is impor tan t to develop a thorough under s t and ing of the physical and chemical p roper t ies of the membrane for solut ion envi ronments in which i t is to be used. Recently, severa l studies of Nation have been repor ted which re la te to funda* E l e c t r o c h e m i c a l Soc ie ty Ac t ive M e m b e r . K e y w o r d s : t r a n s p o r t , p o l y m e r , ch lor -a lka l i . 1 R e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k of E. I. d u P o n t de N e m o u r s a n d Comp a n y . menta l p roper t ies ( I i 0 ) and its appl ica t ion to chlora lkal i (11-16) or fuel cell systems (17-20). The centra l morphological fea ture of Nation is the aggregat ion of exchange sites and counterions into clusters, wi th a Bragg spacing of about 50A ( l , 13). Gierke discusses the ion cluster ing phenomenon wi th regard to ion t ranspor t and hydrox ide re ject ion in chlora lka l i cells (13). The t ranspor t proper t ies of Nation have been found to va ry cons iderab ly wi th ex te rna l solut ion concentrat ion (12, 16-18), p r e sumab ly due to changes in m e m b r a n e wa te r and e lec t ro ly te content. Membranes which are produced by du Pont for ch lo r -a lka l i appl icat ions are genera l ly composites of two equiva len t weights of po lymer or of one equiva lent weight where one surface has been chemical ly modified to change the na tu re of the ion exchange grouping ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 184.108.40.206 Downloaded on 2018-07-20 to IP 3 0 4 J. EZectrochem. Soc.: E L E C T R O C H E M I C A L S C I E N C E A N D T E C H N O L O G Y February I980 (12, 14-16). These modifications alter the membrane ' s dynamic propert ies; it has been found for exper iments in which NaC1 and NaOH solutions are separated by such membranes that the propert ies of the membrane side which is in contact with NaOH solution dominate the over -a l l membrane performance (16). Apparent membrane diffusion coefficients of NaOH have been measured for such systems (12, 16). Diffusion increases wi th lower equiva len t weights and increasing NaOH concentration. Surface modification to produce sulfonamide exchange sites lowers diffusion rates by a factor of fifty while doubling the act ivation energy of diffusion (16). A difficulty in the in terpre ta t ion of these apparent NaOH diffusion coefficients is that not only are hydroxide and sodium ion fluxes coupled to produce an aver aged diffusion coefficient, but unknown gradients of e lectrolyte and water concentrat ion exist in the m e m brane phase. In order to remove these problems, we have measured the self-diffusion coefficient of Na + in various Nation samples using a t racer method under equi l ibr ium conditions. We wish to determine the influence of equivalent weight, surface t reatment , and fabric backing on the membrane diffusion of Na +, which is the major cur ren t -ca r ry ing species in the chlor-a lkal i membrane cell. Membrane water and NaOH concentrations have been determined also as a function of t empera tu re and solution con2entration. Finally, the membrane voltages of two Nation mater ia ls which are produced for chlor-a lkal i applications have been measured in an operat ing cell.


The coefficient of ultrasonic attenuation in dense gaseous argon was measured as a function of frequency from 5 to 85 MHz, and as a function of density from 0.5 to 1.0 g/cm3 at −38.6°C. The attenuation was found to be in excess of that attributed to the shear viscosity and thermal conductivity and was ascribed to the existence of a significant bulk viscosity. The magnitude of the bulk viscosity was found to be less than the hard‐sphere calculation of 53 the shear viscosity, and essentially proportional to the density squared. The results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of Gray and Rice and support the Rice—Allnatt approach to a theory of liquid transport properties.


In this paper, we propose an automatic censoring detector using binary clutter map estimation, for multiple target situations and compound dominated-clutters. The proposed censoring procedure dynamically discards the unwanted samples by implementing an adaptive pre-thresholding, for the incoming clutter echoes. Thus, the obtained decisions are sent serially into a shift register to form the binary clutter map (BCM) estimation. Finally, the logical states of the clutter map register are used to yield the background level estimation. To show the robustness of the clutter map-based detection scheme, the effects of speckle correlation and interfering targets on the censoring efficiency are analyzed.


A method for controlling a supercharging pressure of a supercharged internal combustion engine (1) with at least one cylinder head (2) having at least two cylinders (3), in which - each cylinder (3) at least two outlet ports (4, 4a, 4b), of which at least one as a switchable outlet opening (4a) is formed, - an intake system (11) is provided, at least two exhaust-gas turbocharger (8, 9) are provided, - - the compressor (8b, 9b) of the at least two exhaust-gas turbocharger (8, 9) are arranged in parallel in the intake system (11), each compressor (8b, 9b) in a separate suction line (11a, 11b) is arranged of the intake (11) and the separate suction pipes (11a, 11b) (9b 8b) merge downstream of the compressor to a Gesamtansaugleitung, - each switchable outlet opening (4a) is equipped with a switchable outlet valve, wherein a deactivated exhaust valve shuts off the associated outlet opening (4a) and a fed switched outlet valve between an open position and a closed position to form a valve lift .DELTA.h - an exhaust gas recirculation is provided, - wherein one of the second exhaust gas turbocharger (9) at least antriebsverbindbare electric machine (9c) is used to provide a requested charging pressure to dispense as an auxiliary drive for the purpose of increasing the boost pressure also power to the compressor (9b) of the second exhaust gas turbocharger (9) or as a generator the purpose of lowering the boost pressure receive power from the turbine (9a) of the second exhaust gas turbocharger (9).


Financial time sequence analysis has been a popular research topic in the field of finance, data science and machine learning. It is a highly challenging due to the extreme complexity within the sequences. Mostly existing models are failed to capture its intrinsic information, factor and tendency. To improve the previous approaches, in this paper, we propose a Hidden Markov Model (HMMs) based approach to analyze the financial time sequence. The fluctuation of financial time sequence was predicted through introducing a dual-state HMMs. Dual-state HMMs models the sequence and produces the features which will be delivered to SVMs for prediction. Note that we cast a financial time sequence prediction problem to a classification problem. To evaluate the proposed approach, we use Shanghai Composite Index as the dataset for empirically experiments. The dataset was collected from 550 consecutive trading days, and is randomly split to the training set and test set. The extensively experimental results show that: when analyzing financial time sequence, the mean-square error calculated with HMMs was obviously smaller error than the compared GARCH approach. Therefore, when using HMM to predict the fluctuation of financial time sequence, it achieves higher accuracy and exhibits several attractive advantageous over GARCH approach.


Forms of non-formal religious education that are mostly carried out by the community are diniyah education and Al-Quran education. The purpose of holding this non-formal education is to complement Islamic religious education lessons taught in formal education units. The government and local governments have a role in fostering and empowering this non-formal education. Cianjur Regency is one area that has more attention on empowering diniyah takmiliyah education and Al-Quran education. The author is interested in further researching this non-formal education empowerment policy. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Based on the research results, it is known that this policy has succeeded in increasing student participation in attending diniyah takmiliyah education and Al-Quran education. In addition, based on research, the provisions for the application of the requirements for the diniyah takmiliyah diploma and Al-Quran education are only implemented at the registration of new junior high school students/equivalent. Regarding financial support, it is known that the amount is not sufficient for the needs required by educational institutions.


We investigated the signaling function of blue plumage in male blue grosbeaks (Guiraca caerulea) to determine if structurally based coloration may act as a reliable signal of quality to conspecifics. Blue plumage results from the microstructure of feather barbules rather than from pigment granules, and thus it is possible that structurally based plumage ornaments may function differently from sexually selected ornamental coloration that is pigment based. The plumage of male blue grosbeaks reflects maximally in the blue-ultraviolet range, so most variation in plumage coloration among males is invisible to human observers. In previous research, we showed that increased area of blue plumage on the body is associated with a shift in the wavelength of maximum feather reflectance toward the ultraviolet and with high intensity of light reflected at that maximum, and that extreme expression of the male ornament is condition dependent. These observations suggest that blue plumage may be an honest advertisement of male quality. We tested this hypothesis in a wild population of blue grosbeaks. We quantified male quality in three broad categories. (1) Physical condition was assessed from subcutaneous fat deposits, ectoparasite load, and body size. (2) Territory quality was assessed from territory area, prey abundance, and predation risk. (3) Paternal investment was assessed from male feeding rate. We found that the bluest males have the largest body size, maintain the largest territories with the greatest prey abundance, and feed nestlings in the first nest of the season at the highest rates. We conclude that structurally based plumage coloration functions as an honest, intraspecific signal of quality.


In this paper, we present a new speech perceptual hashing authentication algorithm based on wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) for speech content authentication. Firstly, a wavelet packet coefficients matrix of wavelet reconstruction is generated from an original speech signal after high frequency pre-processing followed by wavelet packet decomposition. Secondly, the wavelet packet coefficients matrix is partitioned into equal-sized sub-matrixes, and each sub-matrix is converted into new sub-matrixes by two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) resulting in good decorrelation and energy compaction. Finally, the feature parameter matrix is obtained by QR Decomposition (QRD) using a Givens Rotation (GR) with the new sub-matrixes. The experiment results illustrate that the proposed algorithm was very robust in content preserving operations, had a very low hash bit rate, and can meet the requirements of real-time speech authentication with high certification efficiency.


Abstract There is a need today for simple design formulas that take into account the necessary building features and help to answer the question of how to minimize conventional heating demand and ensure comfort conditions. Even in moderate climates, high solar gains in low-energy buildings reduce heating demand but, at the same time, may significantly increase the overheating load. Broad simulation research (by means of Energy Plus™) covering almost 900 combinations in 4D space allowed the selection of local optimum points, resulting in an approximated design formula. An optimum south glazing index can be calculated on the basis of space heating demand and its thermal capacity, as well as the spectral and insulating features of the south glazing. The simple design formulas presented in this paper could be, at least in the Central European climate, a useful tool for the replacement of intuitive decisions with conscious and rational ones. The most important conclusion is that window sizing, usually performed in the first stage of architectural design, should follow rather than precede certain technical decisions. A precise but simple sizing method is crucial for energy consumption and the internal thermal environment. The proposed tool would allow the bridging of today's common gap between architectural design and engineering practice. It could also be adapted to other locations and climates after the necessary modifications.


When charged particles spiral along a large constant magnetic field, their trajectories are scattered by random components that are superposed on the guiding field. In the simplest analysis of this situation, scattering causes the particles to diffuse parallel to the guiding field. At the next level of approximation, moving pulses that correspond to a coherent mode of propagation are present, but they are represented by delta-functions whose infinitely narrow width makes no sense physically and is inconsistent with the finite duration of coherent pulses observed in solar energetic particle events. To derive a more realistic description, the transport problem is formulated in terms of 4 x 4 matrices, which derive from a representation of the particle distribution function in terms of eigenfunctions of the scattering operator, and which lead to useful approximations that give explicit predictions of the detailed evolution not only of the coherent pulses, but also of the diffusive wake. More specifically, the new description embodies a simple convolution of a narrow Gaussian with the solutions above that involve delta-functions, but with a slightly reduced coherent velocity. The validity of these approximations, which can easily be calculated on a desktop computer, has been exhaustively confirmed by comparison with results of Monte Carlo simulations which kept track of 50 million particles and which were carried out on the Maspar computer at Goddard Space Flight Center.


Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger, it's reliable, transparent, secure, trust-worthy, confidential and authenticate. Blockchain is a combination of blocks which contains the header of valid transactions using one of the best hashing algorithm (SHA-256 bits). Different
 strategies will be used in blockchain i.e., private blockchain, public (Example: Ethereum and bitcoins) and consortium blockchain. In this paper, we discuss about basic process of E-voting, IOT with blockchain, financing and blockchain technology helps for providing highest performance in
 rural areas.


In this paper we consider an imperfect production system which produces good and defective items and assume that defective items can be reworked. Due to the nature of rework process we do not restrict the rework rate to be equal to normal production rate or constant and assume that it is a random variable with an arbitrary distribution function. We also assume as it is true in most real world situation that the unit rework processing cost need not to be equal to unit normal processing cost. We consider the case in which during a specified period of time consisting of several cycles the rework process takes place only in its last cycle. For practical reasons such as the ease of production scheduling and resource planning we require that the length of the last cycle must have the same length as the other cycles of this period. For this purpose we assume in the last cycle of this period first the normal production starts after which the rework of all defective units produced in the period begins. After the end of the last cycle of the period the whole process will start all over again. Further we assume that, for reduction of set up cost for rework per unit time, the total number of setups for rework must be as small as possible. For this system we derive the expected total cost function consisting of inventory holding, waiting time of defectives for rework, setup, and processing costs per unit time. Then we obtain the economic batch quantity which minimizes this expected cost.


In this paper the atmospheric aerosols and water pollution in Shanghai were studied by the nuclear microprobe, then the pattern recognition technique was applied to trace the emitter source of aerosol particles. Three iron-containing atmospheric aerosols collected from different area zone were analyzed by Mssbauer spectroscopy, their chemical composition, size of particles and concentration were determined. The intensities of α, β radioactivity were determined by a low background detector.


The object of the study is modern smartphone users, the subject is the influence of chromatic characteristics of touch buttons on the motivation. The purpose of the study was to experimentally test the hypothesis that various chromatic characteristics of buttons that a person sees on a touch screen (their brightness, tone, saturation) can act as visual triggers and have a noticeable effect on the motivation to touch them. The experiment involved 48 people with normal color vision (24 men and 24 women) aged 19 to 21 years. The color stimuli of the experiment were developed on the basis of the PCCS color system (Practical Color Coordinate System) and included 52 shades. The analysis evaluated the frequency of occurrence of (1) individual colors; (2) groups of colors; (3) colors of a certain tone; (4) the probability of choosing a certain color out of two. The frequency of occurrence was assessed using procedures and methods of visual statistics. To estimate the probability of choosing a certain shade from two, the method of associative rules was used. The analysis showed that the most motivating are the shades with high saturation of four tones – bright blue and yellow, green and red colors. Women are more motivated by red and red-purple shades, men – by yellow, orange, green and green-blue. At the same time, the strategy of choosing one shade out of two in a pair is more predictable for women than for men. The obtained data have a wide application potential. They can be used in the design of websites, web applications, interactive educational materials, as well as training programs for users with different socio-demographic characteristics.


working time and setting time will result. The temperature range for preparation should be 18-24° C. 2. Prepare the tooth. Isolate and dry the tooth thoroughly. 3. To obtain the desired consistency for cementation, dispense the powder and liquid next to each other on a glass slab or other suitable surface using the following proportion: 3 drops (0.13 grams) of Alpha-dent® Zinc Phosphate Liquid to 1 level scoop of Alpha-dent® Zinc Phosphate Powder (0.20 grams). 4. Divide the powder into four-equal parts or quarters. Divide one of these quarter portions into two parts, or two eighths. Then divide one of these eighth portions into two parts, or two sixteenths. You should now have 6 portions (1/4-1/4-1/4-1/8-1/16-1/16). 5. Using a non-corrosive spatula, mix one of the 1/16 portions of powder into the entire liquid for 10 seconds. Add the other 1/16 and mix for 10 seconds. Add the 1/8 portion and mix for 10 seconds. Then add consecutively two of the quarter portions mixing for 15 seconds after


Some influencing factors on ISSR-PCR analysis,such as Mg2+,dNTPs,Taq polymerase,template DNA and primer,were selected and optimized,using Amygdalus Ledebouriana Schleche as materials.The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system for A.Ledebouriana Schleche was determined as follows: 1×buffer,2.0 mmol·L-1 Mg2+ and 160 μmol·L-1 dNTPs,30 ng template DNA,1U Taq polymerase,15 pmol primer in 25μL PCR reaction system.


The incorporation of functionalized core–shell polymer nanoparticles in a silica network, by the sol–gel process, yields a structure stiff enough to withstand capillary pressure upon subcritical drying. The resulting hybrid aerogels are machinable monoliths, stable under atmospheric conditions, and have improved mechanical performance. These combined properties make them strong candidates for insulation in high value applications.


The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to increased demand for low-power energy harvesting solutions to power the vast number of interconnected devices. In this context, the combination of wireless radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting, and perovskite photovoltaic has emerged as a promising approach for efficient energy harvesting in low-power IoT applications. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the design considerations for a hybrid wireless RF-perovskite photovoltaic energy harvester tailored specifically for low-power IoT devices. For the first time, combined mathematical modelling of the system architecture is presented. The achieved efficiency of the combined system is 78% and this holds a great promise for next generation 5G/6G smart IoT passive electronics.


The desktop metaphor in its original sense, offers the possibility of giving a document a position on the screen. In practice, strict limitations in screen real estate makes it difficult to utilize this content-position relationship. Here, a methodology to overcome these problems of limited screen space is presented. This is achieved by creating an information space based on points-of-interest (POIs). The position of a document (icon) is defined through the combined influence from all of the POIs.<<ETX>>


Dual harmonic RF systems have been discussed for many years: to promote Landau damping, to reduce transverse space-charge, and to improve Touschek lifetime. Since its introduction into the CPS booster in 1982, the dual harmonic acceleration process suffered from an unexplained longitudinal instability occurring when the 2 nd harmonic cavity is anti-phased and controlled by the 1 st harmonic gap signal. The instability does not occur when the beam fundamental is used as reference, nor when the RF harmonics are in-phase. The impetus for the present study arises from the conversion from harmonic numbers h=5 and 10 to h=1 and 2 for LHC operation. The instability has recently been diagnosed as a sextupole mode. In this paper, which is a synopsis of two laboratory notes [3,4], are presented experimental results from machine development (MD) periods, and a detailed theoretical explanation for the instability (and its correction) that considers feedback from the beam versus the cavity fundamental. *) TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 2A


Peltier is a solid state active heat pump which can create a difference in temprature between two sides of the device by using electrical energy, the heater and the cooler sides of peltier is determined by the direction of direct current(DC) applied to the system. A Peltier consists of a P and a N type semi-conducting materials which are serial electrically and parallel thermally. The surfaces of the peltier are coated with ceramic which is thermally conductive but not electrically. Peltiers usually have low COP values which means the system requiers more energy compared to the conventional refrigeration cycle to dissipate same amount of heat energy. Advantages of peltier system are the system's simplicity and being less prone to fault. In this study a series of experiments has been conducted and data has been collected for thermoelectric coolers systems which can be used for EV battery cooling. Through the experiments different current levels between 1 to 7 amps was applied to the system. Then coresponding voltage levels, temperature of water entering and exiting the system and surface temperatures of heater and cooler sides of the peltier were measured. All these measurements were after the system was stable and for a set period of time. The avarage of the measurements were used in calculations. It is observed that the thermal dissapation power of the system correlates with the amount of current that is drawed by the system.


database that includes both experimental properties of B2-NiAl and a large set of structural energies generated by ab initio calculations. Additional ab initio data, not included in the fitting database, are used to test the potential. The fitting database samples a large area of configuration space in order to enhance the transferability of the obtained potential. The potential proposed in this work can be used effectively in atomistic simulations of plastic deformation, fracture, and especially atomic disorder and diffusion. It is designed to be particularly reliable in high-temperature simulations of B2-NiAl using molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods.


Moscow had made great achivements in the field of pre-school education,while it encountered many development issues.The tasks,the objectives and the measures for development of pre-education in Moscow had been illustrated in Moscow pre-school education development program from 2008 to 2017(Программа развития дошкольного образования в городе Москве на 10 лет(2008-2017гг)).This leads the pre-school education in Moscow towards modernization,internationalization as well as humanistic development.This also represents the development trend of the world's pre-school education.


Cyber-physical smart city integration of digitalcomponents into the real world will offer a variety of possibilitiesto enrich our daily life. A digital-physical hybrid world makes itpossible to optimize our energy use and to offer morecomfortable traffic management. However, we still need to investigate how to interact with a hybrid world. Augmentedreality and virtual reality techniques offer promising ways forinteracting with a digital-physical hybrid world, but our currentunderstanding of how to use them in the real world isinsufficient. In this paper, we present an overview of two case studies. One is avirtual reality system, the other is an augmented reality system. From our experiences with the case studies, we found thatmaintaining the reality is an important factor in designing asuccessful interaction within a digital-physical hybrid world. We also present a possible future scenario allowing seamlessintegration of a real world and a fictional world for designing adigital-physical hybrid world. We discuss how reality also plays animportant role in analyzing the scenario to create a successfuldesign. The result shows that analyzing people's sense of reality isan important design tool for designing a future dailyenvironment that seamlessly integrates fictional and real worlds.


re-create history. His discussion of Mora Catlett's conjoining of cinematography and sound is particularly interesting, and he insightfully outlines the filmmaker's technique in creating an expressive space that is not limited to the diegesis represented in individual scenes. These essays and others in Bermúdez Barrios's edited volume are noteworthy for providing coverage of an increasingly relevant critical perspective that privileges the unique individual experience, recognizing and valuing plurality and singularity in all its flow and transmutation.


Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important part of regional economies and play an integral role in encouraging development. When we discuss north-east China, it is often in reference to Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. For historical reasons, the economic policy inclination in this area mainly points to public enterprises and state-owned heavy industrial operations. As a consequence, small and medium-sized non-public enterprises have been restricted and this negatively impacted localised economic activity and development to a certain extent. Financial constraints naturally restrict the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, as is the case in north-east China. In this paper, focus will be placed on SMEs and the nature of economic systems in the aforementioned region. Through extensive research and analysis of enterprises, financial institutions and guarantee companies, this paper will serve as an intimate analysis of the financial status in addition to the difficulties faced by SMEs in north-east China. In turn, It will also make appropriate suggestions or identify specific counter-measures.


In this paper, we present our research on the scheduling of virtual screening platform on grid/cloud which is shared by many users. We find the scheduling policy to ensure the fairness between users. We evaluate two policies in existing platform (FIFO and Round Robin) and two candidate policies from literature (SPT and LPT) by our simulator. Simulation result showed that SPT improve performance of scheduling policies in existing platform.


lent, annotated list at the end of the book; it includes books, articles, films and videotapes, and materials avail able for young readers. The eight accounts are generally well written. The book can be sam pled or read coven to coven. The ac counts are not duplicative, and hence one does not get a sense of repetition. The accounts direct some clear messages to care providers. The first is that family members would benefit significantly from improved commu nications with treating professionals The second is that adults who have had a seriously mentally ill sibling on parent struggle with the associated issues throughout their lives. The third is that family members often feel that those who have not expeni enced the catastrophe of mental ill ness in their families can never, as one contributor says, "? fully under stand the depth and breadth of emo tions, conflicts, wrenching decisions, the feelings of †? wanderingin the


This supplementary shows more derivation and results that could not be fitted into the main paper due to space limitation. In specific, we provide more details in (1) the derivation of closed-form updates of Algorithm 1, (2) the user study GUI we designed for the experiments of concept visualization, and (3) more results of different methods for visualizing the concept of different video categories. 1. Closed-form updates of Algorithm 1 Suppose C is the co-occurrence matrix; u and v are the two binary vectors we are looking for (see notation). Recall that the sparse maximal biclique problem is written as:


A significant event happened for electrical engineering in 2008, when researchers at HP Labs announced that they had found "the missing memristor," a fourth basic circuit element that was postulated nearly four decades earlier by Dr. Leon Chua, who was also instrumental in developing the mathematical theories of memristive, memcapacitive, and meminductive systems, resulting in an entire class of "mem-models" that are the foundation of the present work. By applying well-known mechanical–electrical analogies, the mathematics of mem-models may be transferred to the setting of engineering mechanics, creating the mechanJ.-S. Pei (B) School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-1024, USA e-mail:email@example.com J. P. Wright Division of Applied Science, Weidlinger Associates Inc., New York, NY 10005, USA M. D. Todd Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA S. F. Masri Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2531, USA F. Gay-Balmaz CNRS, Laboratoire de météorologie dynamique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France ical counterparts of memristors, memcapacitors, etc. However, this transfer is nontrivial; for example, a new concept and state variable called "absement," the time integral of deformation, emerge. We study these memmodels, which are characterized by a "zero-crossing" property that has interesting implications for nonlinear constitutive modeling, particularly hysteresis, and we identify some examples of "mem-dashpots" and "memsprings," which include displacement-dependent and variable dampers, the superelasticity found in shapememory alloys, and the pinched hysteresis loops associated with self-centering structures. This work adds to the fast-growing body of literature on elements and systems labeled with "mem," which is a basic branch of study in nonlinear dynamics.


Intentions to elo 111.ore gooel anel less bacl ure reliably associatccl with Hel:uul efforts in thc intencled clirections (Ajzen. 1991; Goclin & Kok. 1996; Sheeran, 2()()2). Howevcr, intention-behavior relations are lllodest, largely duc to thc fact that people, despite having formed strang intentions, fail to Hct on them (Orbell & Sheeran, 1998). Given this predieament. one w011.ders what people can do to facilitate tbe translation 01' intentions into behavior. In this chaptet", it is suggested that people should engage in a seeond aet 01' willing by making il'-then plans (Le., implementation intentions) that specify how thc (goal) Intention is to be realized. Wo argue that such plans produce UutOlllUtiC action contral by intentionally elolegating the control 01' one's goul-clirected thoughts, feelings, anel behaviors to specHic. situational cues. Thus, by I'ormlng implementation intentions. people can stratcgically swltch [rom consciolls and cl:" fo1'tl'ul control 01' their goal-clirectecl behaviors to being automatically C011.t1'ollecl by seleetecl situational cues. We understancl Lhis type of nutol1l.aLic action contral as strategie automaticity or instant habits (Gollwltzer, 1999), as it originates I'rom a single act of will ratbel' than being produccd by 1'cpeated emd eonsistent selection of a certain course of action in the same sitLultion (Le.. prineiples 01' routinization; Anclc1'son. 1987: Fitts & Posner, 1967: Newell & Rosenbloom, 1981). Thc first part 01' thc chapter discusscs research that explores how in.l.pLc~ mentation intentions can help people Lo promote getting started on theil'


'Interest rei pulicae ut sit finis litium'. In the interests of society as a whole, litigation must come to an end. With the reform of the statute of limitations in 2001, German legislators shortened limitation periods and fundamentally amended the rules governing the running of the limitation period. In the interests of legal certainty and legal clarity, the legislators wanted to formulate a simple, clear and final statute of limitations. This doctoral thesis examines whether the case law adopted since the reform complies with the regulatory intentions of the legislators. It focuses on the beginning of the limitation period subject to knowledge of the claim in question and the influence on the running of the limitation period by default legal action and conciliatory proceedings. The author identifies the principles of the statute of limitations and analyses whether case law modifies the time limits provided by the legislature. Her evaluation also shows the boundaries of lawmaking by judges.


The structure of the methane cation (CH{sub 4}{sup +}) was investigated utilizing the Coulomb Explosion Imaging method. Using a beam of vibrationally-cooled molecular ions produced in a supersonic expansion, the geometrical probability density function was obtained for the 5-dimensional subspace of angular bending motions. Analysis of these data shows a highly fluxional system with a deep minimum in the density at the tetrahedral conformation, as expected for this Jahn-Teller-distorted molecule. In particular, we deduce the reaction path for isomerization between two permutationally equivalent C{sub 2{nu}} conformations proceeding through the transition state and compare with theoretical predictions of the Fukui reaction path. Implications of these results for further studies of intramolecular dynamics will be discussed.


Objective To know the present situation of the children's exposure to passive smoking and the effect of the relative health propagation.Methods The smoking state of children's family members and its effects on 791 chidren aged 10~11 years were investigated with questionnaire,among whom 312 children's family members were chosen randomly to take the relative health propagation,and the effect of the propagation was evaluated.Results(1)The rate of chidren's exposure to passive smoking was 46.5%,which mainly came from fathers'smoking,up to(76.63%).(2)In the latest term,the incidence of bronchitis and the infection on the upper air tube of the children exposed to passive smoking were significantly higher than those of the control group(P0.05),while there were no significant difference between the incidence of pneumonia and asthma of the two groups(P0.05).And there were no significant difference between the statue and the weight of the two groups(P0.05).(3)After the health propagation of the adverse effects of passive smoking,the rate of passive smoking reduced by 5.1%,and 68.4% smokers would like to give up smoking for the children's health,while 11.3% smokers would not.The smoking quantities had no significant changes.Conclusion The present situation of the childresn's exposure to passive smoking is still serious,and to some extent,the health propagation about the children's health is useful to the smoking control.


Most poets in Tang Dynasty liked drinking wine. Apart from inheriting the predecessor's addiction to wine, DU Fu (712-770) introduced the concept of "poverty and depression" into the originally elegant wine culture and endowed "wine" with brand-new meaning. His poems on wine,embodying the spirit of willing sacrifice of a culture carrier, featured broad-mindedness and tenacity under the disguise of "vulgarization" and "poverty and depression", thus breaking the parochialism about one's own interest conveyed by the traditional wine culture under the disguise of dissipation


Due to the rapid increase in construction activities, the depletion of natural resources is accelerating. Extensive research has focused on finding alternative materials to conserve resources and minimize costs. This study explores the utilization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as a substitute for coarse aggregate, along with waste materials like fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) as fillers in bituminous paving mixtures. The aim is to address environmental concerns and waste disposal issues. The research evaluates the performance of different filler types in non-conventional bituminous mixtures using VG 30 grade bitumen as a binder, specifically for lower bituminous layers. A typical bitumen concentration of 5% by weight of dense bituminous macadam (DBM) mixtures is chosen based on existing literature. The study assesses various performance characteristics, including Marshall parameters, indirect tensile strength, and moisture susceptibility. A probabilistic approach is employed to determine the most suitable distribution model, focusing on retained stability (RS) as a measure of moisture susceptibility. For this, fifteen distribution functions were considered with three Goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests. To identify the best suitable function, 50 numbers of samples were prepared to find RS with two types of fillers and two types of coarse aggregate. Experimental results indicate that mixtures with natural aggregate exhibit slightly superior performance, but those with RCA meet all the requirements specified in relevant Indian codes and specifications. The probability analysis confirms that the Burr distribution best fits the experimental data, particularly for moisture susceptibility characteristics.


One of the main requirements for Si-based Ultrasmall device is atomic-order control of process technology. Here we show the concept of atomic-l evel processing based on atomic-order surface reaction control. The main idea of the atomi c layer approach is the separation of the surface adsorption of reactant gases from the re action process. Self-limiting formation of 1-3 atomic layers of group IV or related atoms in the thermal adsorption and reaction of hydride gases (SiH 4, GeH4, NH3, PH3, CH4 and SiH3CH3) on Si(100) and Ge(100) are generalized based on the Langmuir-type model. Si or SiGe epitaxial growth over the N, P and B layer already-formed on Si(100) or SiGe(100) surface is achi eved. It is found that higher level of electrical P atoms exist in such film, compar ed with doping under thermal equilibrium conditions. Furthermore, the capability of atomically contr olled processing for doping of advanced devices with critical requirements for dose and loc ation control is demonstrated for the base doping of SiGe:C heterojunction bipolar trans is ors (HBTs). These results open the way to atomically controlled technology for ultra-large-sca l integrations.


In contemporary theology and philosophy of religion, the following questions are being raised: What is the relation of the knowing subject to the object of knowledge if it is a religious object? Are theological statements only expressions of a personal or communal viewpoint? What are the criteria for determining the truth of theological statements? In the attempt to answer these questions, one must deal with the problems of subjectivism and relativism. Consider the case of two theologians writing during the same historical period and responding to the same historical situation. Theologian A argues that Christian theology must start with the God and Jesus Christ of Scriptures and then move to their relation to human beings and not vice versa. Theologian B takes the opposite starting point and argues that Christian theology must start with an analysis of the human situation, focusing on the problems and needs of human beings today, and then deal with how the Christian message of God and Christ answers those needs. Observer C wishes to judge the truth of these two different starting points and subsequent theologies but is unsure of the basis and criteria for such ajudgment. Since both are representatives of the same historical situation, presumably C cannot use the historical setting to account for differences. Is C left with the minimal position that each theologian has merely presented his or her own opinion, and that as an "outsider" C is not able to judge between the two? If there are absolute criteria for the judgment of truth, C wants to know what they are and why they are considered "absolute." In essence, observer C has come face-to-face with the problems of subjectivism and relativism in theological knowledge. The words "relativism" and "subjectivism" are used here to refer to problems which arise in connection with the effort to specify what constitutes truth and verification in theology. Relativism is to be understood as the theory that there are no absolute values, criteria, or


The use of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems is promising in reducing the energy consumption in the households and services sector, which accounts for almost 40% of the total energy consumption in Europe and in Northern America. There is an increasing interest in combining such earth energy systems with solar energy. In this study, three Solar Assisted Ground Source Heat Pump configurations comprised of Flat-Plate (FPC), Photovoltaic (PV) and hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) collectors are investigated aiming at upgrading an existing GSHP system installed in a university building complex at in Volos, Greece. These systems were simulated with the dynamic system simulation tool TRNSYS and were assessed on energy performance and on an economic and an environmental basis. Results of the analysis showed that the PV system is the best option due to its substantial energy savings and to the lower cost compared to the PV/T system.


Cultivation in controlled environmental conditions can provide good quality medicinal herbs with consistent properties. A sensing system that can determine the contents of medicinal substances in plants using spectral characteristics of leaves would be a valuable tool. Viability of such sensing approach for mint had to be confirmed experimentally, as no data correlating contents of medicinal substances with spectral characteristics of leaves are available, to the best of authors' knowledge. In the first stage, presented in this paper, the influence of lighting on mint (Mentha rotundifolia) grown on a small hydroponic plantation was studied. Spectral characteristics of leaves were recorded by a spectrophotometer and colorimetric analysis was used to investigate the relationship between these characteristics and the spectrum of lighting. Dry mass yield was measured to test its dependence on the lighting. Dependence of chromaticity of leaves on the spectrum of light used in the cultivation was confirmed. Averaged spectra of leaves are distinguishable using a spectrophotometer and—in most cases—by a human observer. A partial correlation is observed between dry mass yield and the spectrum of lighting. Obtained results justify further research into the correlation between lighting and the contents of biological substances in medicinal plants using spectral characteristics of leaves.


To investigate thrombin generation and its relationship to platelet hyperactivity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus early in the course of the disease, thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) levels were measured together with thromboxane B2 (TX B2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) levels in thirty-two patients.The mean plasma TAT level in diabetics was significantly elevated as compared with normal control subjects (2.3±1.0ng/mL vs. 1.7±0.5ng/mL, P<0.05). The mean plasma TX B2 level in diabetics was also significantly higher when compared with that of the controls (46.2±30.5pg/mL vs. 28.2±14.2pg/mL, P<0.05). Plasma 6-keto-PGF1α levels did not show significant differences between the two groups (diabetics: 11.2±7.4pg/mL vs. normals: 10.2±6.9pg/mL, NS). Neither TAT nor TX B2 levels showed statistically significant correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), although patients with relatively good glycemic control (HbA1C<9%) had no abnormalities of TAT and TX B2. There was a weak correlation between TAT and TX B2 levels (r=0.40, P<0.05), suggesting a link between thrombin generation and platelet hyperactivity.


We present a new method for the solution of partial differential equations. In contrast to the usual approach which needs in the 2-D case $O (h_n^{-2})$ grid points, our combination technique works with only $O (h_n^{-1} ld (h_n^{-1}))$ grid points, where hn denotes the employed grid size. The accuracy of the obtained solution deteriorates only slightly from $O (h_n^2)$ to $O (h_n^2 ld (h_n^{-1}))$ for a sufficiently smooth solution. Additionally, the new method is perfectly suited for parallelization. On a machine with $ld (h_n^{-1})$ processors we get in practice an overall parallel complexity of only $O (h_n^{-1})$. The method can be generalized to higher dimensions. Then, the gain is expected to be even more dramatic. For the two-dimensional case, we report the results of numerical experiments obtained on a Transputer system and on the CRAY Y-MP.


Abstract We report a case of refractory Behçet's disease (BD) with small foot muscle myositis, which required Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for diagnosis. It demonstrates that BD may take years to develop to a full-blown picture. Our patient's disease activity was promptly under control with the administration of Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitor (TNFi), namely Adalimumab, after the failure of multiple immunosuppressants. The prognosis of myositis in BD is usually favorable. Image-guided muscle biopsy and HLA-B51 gene testing may be required in an atypical case. Corticosteroids remain the key therapy for myositis in BD, while TNFi should be considered in refractory cases.


literature is a part of culture. the innovation of literature relies on culture and ,in turn, the development of culture also needs the promotion of the new change. the inclusive relation between culture and literature is just what the author is talking about in the thesis.


There is a universal component to the semantics of reduplication, which can be expressed as a radial category of concepts. I present this radial category, along with supporting evidence from a range of languages, and motivations for the links between the various senses. The structure of the radial graph gives rise to a number of predicted implicational universals. I also show that the radial category for reduplication shares an entire subsystem of concepts with the radial category for the Russian verbal preex raz-. This sharing of subsystems of concepts across separate radial categories suggests that there is a single universal core conceptual network, with individual constructions covering diierent, possibly overlapping, regions.


This paper investigates the arts-informed, social-learning-forleadership model used in an annual summer camp to help LGBTTQ&A youth and young adults develop a resilient mindset to assist them to survive and thrive. Introduction: Camp fYrefly as a Social-Learning-for-Leadership Model We started Camp fYrefly (www.fyrefly.ualberta.ca) as a university-community educational initiative in Edmonton, Alberta in 2004. The camp, now held annually, is a lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans-identified, two-spirited, queer, and allied (LGBTTQ&A) arts-informed, community-based education project that we describe as arts on the ground. This means the camp employs art forms as vehicles to enact a social-learning-forleadership model that is communal, collaborative, productive, and ambitiously transformative. Indeed, art forms drive the camp's nonformal and informal social learning that aims to help LGBTTQ&A youth and young adults (generally 14 to 24 years old) to build their leadership potential so they can make a positive difference in their own lives and in their home/group-home environments, formal learning spaces, and communities. Our research indicates that arts-based educational strategies have significant utility in helping individuals engage in social learning (Grace & Wells, 2007, in press a). In using an arts-informed, community-based social learning model at Camp fYrefly, LGBTTQ&A participants link artistic expression and representation to what it means to be a proactive leader who advocates for self and others in a spectral community marked by an array of sex, sexual, and gender differences. They learn that the camp is a safe and dynamic space to engage in a lived process of arts-informed, community-based education in which all are ethically bound to be responsive and responsible as they learn lessons in becoming resilient in community. Our camp philosophy and programming emphasize a by-participant-forparticipant approach in which young adults (generally 18 years and older) mentor younger camp participants who have declared their sexual orientation and/or gender identity, or who are questioning or coming to terms with their sex, sexual, and gendered positionalities. These peer mentors are assisted by adult facilitators; they have already had leadership training at previous camps or through Out Is In, our arts-informed, community-education project that we run throughout the year (Grace & Wells, 2007). At Camp fYrefly, we emphasize take and give: take what you need from the camp and give back to others, whenever possible, through subsequent community involvement. In the spirit of nurturing leadership, a youth advisory panel guides the development and delivery of a wide-ranging program. In addition, more than 50 individual and corporate sponsors donate their time, talents, and financial support to make the camp a viable reality. Camp fYrefly—the fourth camp is planned for August 2007—has been filling a void for participants marginalized and disaffected due to their sex, sexual, or gender differences. These individuals often see limited future possibilities in life, learning, and employment. Each year about 55 youth and young adults join us for four days to focus on individual and social development, the enhancement of leadership potential, and the promotion of health, wellbeing, and resilience. Youth from across Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and British Columbia attended last year's camp. Each participant had completed a camp application, as they were comfortable and able, in which they spoke about their life histories, motivations, learning needs, and talents and skills in relation to coming to camp. This provided the planning team with background information to help them plan activities to meet diverse needs in a diverse community. Participants were asked to pay a $25.00 commitment fee; those unable to pay the fee could volunteer to provide an in-kind service at the camp such as doing setup for particular activities. We covered all other camp expenses through our ongoing fundraising efforts. To ensure that Camp fYrefly is a safe, inclusive, and respectful environment for all youth participants and adults, everyone has to abide by a few ground rules based on an ethic of mutual respect and personal security. We emphasize and accommodate the spectrum of participants who come to our camp community. Camp fYrefly is structured in such a way that we are also able to accommodate special needs (dietary, for example) and health requests. Many participants come to camp feeling stigmatized and ashamed due to the heterosexism, homophobia, and transphobia that remain pervasive in education, culture, and society. Many of these youth are inclined to act out of a sense of frustration, often exhibiting a range of socially disruptive behaviors that can include social withdrawal, drug-and-alcohol abuse, suicide ideation or attempts, and physical and/or verbal aggression (Grace & Wells, in press b). Camp fYrefly works to counter this social exclusion and fallout. As a multi-faceted social-learning encounter, the camp can be a powerful and unique experience for participants. Our goal is to have each participant return home with an empowered sense of self, and with a network of supportive friendships. During the camp, we create a safe space for LGBTTQ&A participants to dialogue and engage in self and communal expression and representation. Since LGBTTQ&A youth and young adults are a minority often underserved in many traditional educational programs and services (Grace & Wells, in press b), our sociallearning-for-leadership model fills a void in their individual and social learning. Youth tell us that, for them, the camp is about being, becoming, belonging, safety, connection, and finding role models. Here are a few of their responses to the camp evaluation item "I couldn't believe it when ...:" • People said "gay" or "queer" without glancing around to see who would hear them. This was my first time in a queer-safe space. • People talked so openly about being gay, without passing any judgments. • I gained so much support and positive feedback when I had my artwork displayed for the talent show. • The Imperial Court of the Wild Rose [–Edmonton's drag king/queen organization–] visited us. That rocked! • There were so many youth who took on leadership roles and did really well. • Fantastic, amazing, and inspirational experience. Great youth and the adult leaders were down right awesome! Role modeling is important to camp participants. Seeing accomplished LGBTTQ&A adult facilitators offers them the hope and possibility that they can be achievers, too. We consider interactions with adult mentors who want to give today's Generation Q (queer) something they never had to be a vital component of the camp. These dedicated adults who volunteer their time and talents have included educators, counselors, police officers, doctors, clergy, artists, musicians, dramatists, dancers, writers, and queer cultural workers. Working with the young adults who function as peer youth workers, this collective provides a dynamic experience that is jam-packed with drama, music, writing, visual art, empowerment and reflection exercises, anti-oppression work, personal growth opportunities, healthy socialization, and in-depth learning activities about specific youth topics and social issues. There are day and evening workshops, with designated time set aside to engage in personal reflection, community building, and social activities. Workshop topics have included: leadership skill-building; confronting bias and dealing with diversity; combating preconceived notions and confronting stereotypes; coming out and coming-to-terms with sex, sexual, and gender differences; negotiating relationships with peers, parents, guardians, and care givers; healthy dating and relationship skills; bullying and discrimination; learning LGBTTQ history; challenging oppression through art; health and safety; participatory drama; networking; self-esteem and resilience building; and nurturing ourselves and our knowledge. As a collaborative and strategic engagement in program planning and delivery, the collective focuses on social learning that emphasizes self-development, healthy socialization, empowerment, critical reflection, consciousness-raising, and antioppression work. In sum, as LGBTTQ&A camp participants tell us, Camp fYrefly is about fostering, Youth, resiliency, energy, fun, leadership, yeah! LGBTTQ&A Youth and Young Adults and the Trend toward Resilience In our work with sexual-minority youth and young adults, we have gained firsthand experience regarding how challenging being, becoming, and belonging can be for them. Thus, working within a politics of hope and possibility, we focus the Camp fYrefly experience on empowering camp participants so they can work to build a healthy and happy future free from ignorance, fear, and the symbolic (like shaming, harassment, name-calling, and rightist politico-religious denunciation) and physical violence (like assault and battery, rape, and murder) that they usually engender. By helping camp participants to develop leadership strategies and a network of knowing friends, trusted adults, and community-resource contacts, we provide them with a foundation to amass resilience tools that will help them survive and thrive. This goal is in keeping with the emphasis in the third stage of Savin-Williams' (2005) typology that depicts researchers' understandings of the changing sociopolitical and cultural locatedness of LGBTTQ youth and young adults. In his third stage, which covers the late 1990s and the early 21 century, Savin-Williams relates that there has been a focus on education for social change in order to counter the social, cultural, and political marginalization of sexual minorities. Educational interventions have stressed the creation of safe spaces, LGBTTQ-inclusive curriculum, and anti-harassment policy development. They have highly conte


Corncob powder was hydrolyzed with formic acid under the catalyzation of hydrochloric acid. Sugar contents in hydrolysis liquor at different reaction time and temperature were determined. The chemical compositions in hydrolysis residue were also analyzed. Results showed that the formic acid could hydrolyze the polysaccharides in corncob and the degradation products were dissolved in hydrolysis liquor. The addition of catalytic hydrochloric acid accelerated the hydrolysis of polyose. The proper hydrolysis condition was 80°C for 3h. Lignin might undergo hydrolysis at higher temperature.


Extensive use of distance education which is equivalent to traditional forms of education, implementing information and communication technologies are recognized as one of the priority tasks of education. Distance education in different forms contributes to the creation of a unified educational space, ensuring the possibility of obtaining standardized education to any person at any point in the educational space, regardless of his/her location, social and material status, physical condition, etc. Of great importance in the development and implementation of distance learning (DL) in educational institutions of various levels is the availability of teachers able and willing to carry out activities in the DL system. Characteristics, models and features of joint activities of teachers and students in the DL system, models of distance education as well as means and forms of DL are the subject of study in this article. The obtained results can be used in the preparation or professional development of DL teachers to work in educational establishments of various profiles. Key words: distance learning, distance learning teacher, distance education, models of distance learning.


The numerical simulations of the flow field around aerospike nozzle were completed based on N S equations with second order NND scheme.The attention is paid to the effect of the base bleed on aerospike nozzle at sea level,middle and high altitude.The results indicate that both the quantity of bleed mass flux and the magnitude of base pressure are the causes that induce the swirl in the base area to disappear.Though the bleed can enlarge the thrust of the aerospike nozzle,it lessens the specific impulse except the case that the bleed is small at low flight altitude for the linear aerospike nozzle.


Myfanwy Hill reflects on her coping strategies and recognises her limitations. She has learnt why it is important to relax and recharge


The … history of the rural areas during the Second World War is virtually unstudied. There is some work on agriculture and agricultural policies, but the extent to which these rely on K.A.H.Murray's 'official' history, published in 1955, is testimony both to the quality of Murray's work and the general paucity of more recent published research. Moving away from the directly official, or economic history, we move into the field of memoir and reminiscence. Good as many of these are, they obviously seldom make any attempt at sustained analysis. Crucially, the rural areas have been left out of accounts of the social history of the war, such as Angus Calder's magisterial studyThe People's War, first published in 1971.


ion⎯ the narrative quality of realism was believed to facilitate an overt form of agitation and abstraction taking on a more utopian ideology. 25 This perceived dichotomy left artists, like those associated with la Ruptura in Mexico, to try and find alternative means of making art that would escape these pre-existing models and the implications of them. The dematerialization of the art object is a concern that permeates conceptual art of Europe and the U.S., as well as in Latin American conceptualism. Since Lucy Lippard first introduced the term in 1967, this process has been explained by Camnitzer as a logical continuation of the reductionism introduced largely through formalist models of abstract painting. Dematerialization, as it developed in the early 1960s, served as a vehicle for artists to deemphasize the material concerns associated with craft, leaving the idea or concept as the Carla Stellweg, the founder of the journal Artes Visuales, has also similarly remarked that there was an overwhelming desire amongst artists at this time to connect with their contemporaries working in other countries. This need for connection was what inspired the founding of the journal. Carla Stellweg interview, Sub-versiones de la memoria...60-70...México. DVD. Pilar García and Rafael Ortega, dir. (Mexico City: Centro de Documentación Arkheia, Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo, UNAM, 2011), disc 3. 24 Ibid., 16-21. 25 Camnitzer, Conceptualism in Latin America, 18-21. 26 Ibid., 29.


The nuclear genomes of euglenids contain three types of introns: conventional spliceosomal introns, nonconventional introns for which a splicing mechanism is unknown (variable noncanonical borders, RNA secondary structure bringing together intron ends), and so-called intermediate introns, which combine features of conventional and nonconventional introns. Analysis of two genes, tubA and tubB, from 20 species of euglenids reveals contrasting distribution patterns of conventional and nonconventional introns—positions of conventional introns are conserved, whereas those of the nonconventional ones are unique to individual species or small groups of closely related taxa. Moreover, in the group of phototrophic euglenids, 11 events of conventional intron loss versus 15 events of nonconventional intron gain were identified. A comparison of all nonconventional intron sequences highlighted the most conserved elements in their sequence and secondary structure. Our results led us to put forward two hypotheses. 1) The first one posits that mutational changes in intron sequence could lead to a change in their excision mechanism—intermediate introns would then be a transitional form between the conventional and nonconventional introns. 2) The second hypothesis concerns the origin of nonconventional introns—because of the presence of inverted repeats near their ends, insertion of MITE-like transposon elements is proposed as a possible source of new introns.


We can embed the crossbar functionality of NoC (network-on-chip) routers onto the hard multiplexers of Xilinx DSP48E primitives to support resource efficient mapping of FPGA overlay NoCs. This embedding also permits the use of dedicated hard wiring resources of the DSP cascade links to support vertical NoC channels. This unique mapping allows us to significantly reduce soft logic (LUTs+FFs) utilization of FPGA overlay NoCs at the expense of DSP resources while also lowering the routing requirements on configurable FPGA interconnect. This embedding is made possible by the dynamic mode control feature of the DSP blocks that allows per-cycle modification of ALU operation and multiplexer data steering controls within the block. We multi-pump the DSP block by internally operating at 600-650 MHz speeds while delivering fabric-facing frequencies of 300-325 MHz. For 48b-wide chip-spanning 32×16 NoC mapped onto an XV7V485T (VC707 board), a LUT-only implementation of the Hoplite router requires ≈70 LUT+140 email@example.com ns instead of 1 DSP48 block+≈13 LUTs+17 firstname.lastname@example.com ns on average. For 15% toggle rates, across most system sizes, the DSP-based NoC exploiting hard resources requires 1.1-2× lower power than the LUT-based NoC. Across a range of statistical workloads, we are able to match the performance of LUT-only Hoplite delivering a sustained rate as high as 8-10% for injection rate of 100% for LOCAL traffic pattern when mapped to a 16×16 NoC. In previous work, a conventional hard NoC router with virtual channels, and FIFO buffers has been demonstrated to be 20-23× smaller, 5-6× faster, and up to 14× lower power than equivalent soft NoC routers. Our DSP-based Hoplite soft NoC router requires practically identical silicon area, runs only 3× slower, and consumes 43% less power than the conventional hard NoC router, while sacrificing certain communication properties in favor of a lean implementation.


Cycads are the only early seed plants that have evolved a specialized root to host endophytic bacteria that fix nitrogen. To provide evolutionary and functional insights into this million-year old symbiosis, we investigate endophytic bacterial sub-communities isolated from coralloid roots of species from Dioon (Zamiaceae) sampled from their natural habitats. We employed a sub-community co-culture experimental strategy to reveal both predominant and rare bacteria, which were characterized using phylogenomics and detailed metabolic annotation. Diazotrophic plant endophytes, including Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Mesorhizobium, Nostoc, and Rhizobium species, dominated the epiphyte-free sub-communities. Draft genomes of six cyanobacteria species were obtained after shotgun metagenomics of selected sub-communities and used for whole-genome inferences that suggest two Dioon-specific monophyletic groups and a level of specialization characteristic of co-evolved symbiotic relationships. In agreement with this, the genomes of these cyanobacteria were found to encode unique biosynthetic gene clusters, predicted to direct the synthesis of specialized metabolites, mainly involving peptides. After combining genome mining with metabolite profiling using multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy, we also show that Caulobacter species co-exist with cyanobacteria, and may interact with them by means of a novel indigoidine-like specialized metabolite. We provide an unprecedented view of the composition of the cycad coralloid root, including phylogenetic and functional patterns mediated by specialized metabolites that may be important for the evolution of ancient symbiotic adaptations.


: Algae are also considered as rich source of fats, vitamins, minerals and antimicrobial compounds. It was also observed that the algae are found to be stimulatory for the seed germination and plant growth. In present work extracts of blue green alga Nostoc muscorum in different solvents were used to study their effects on seed germination of ground nut (Arachis hypogeaL.) The hot water extract showed enhancing effects in germination and development of shoot and root. The algal extracts prepared in chloroform also shown stimulatory effects on seed germination. The extracts in Petroleumether and Tolune inhibited seed germination. The present investigation reveals that blue green alga Nostoc muscorum contains certain growth promoting substances which enhances seed germination. Use of hot water algal extract can be recommended to the farmers as ecofriendly agriculture practice for attaining better germination and growth which yields crop production.


Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has shown remarkable progress over the past few years, with production systems now being deployed to end-users. As the field is moving rapidly, it has become unclear which elements of NMT architectures have a significant impact on translation quality. In this work, we present a large-scale analysis of the sensitivity of NMT architectures to common hyperparameters. We report empirical results and variance numbers for several hundred experimental runs, corresponding to over 250,000 GPU hours on a WMT English to German translation task. Our experiments provide practical insights into the relative importance of factors such as embedding size, network depth, RNN cell type, residual connections, attention mechanism, and decoding heuristics. As part of this contribution, we also release an open-source NMT framework in TensorFlow to make it easy for others to reproduce our results and perform their own experiments.


The possibility to use new languages in Geography teaching enables the teacher to develop activities that stimulate learning. Games and problem solving in the classroom can be understood as concrete activities that lead students to think of different solutions to problems that are presented to them, so that they can grasp scientific concepts. A debate between conceptual learning and the use of games and problem situations is presented, based on experiences gained in the Continued Development Geography Course of Basic Education I and II in the State of Sao Paulo


This work investigates the exploitation of velocity-degenerate configurations to optimize the pose of either nonredundant or redundant serial manipulators to sustain desired wrenches. An algorithm is developed that determines a desirable start point for the optimization of a serial manipulator's pose. The start-point algorithm (SPA) uses analytical expressions of the velocity-degenerate (singular) configurations of a serial manipulator to determine a pose that would be best suitable to sustain a desired wrench. Results for an example redundant serial manipulator are presented. The example results show that by using the SPA with the optimization routine, the resulting poses obtained require less effort from the actuators when compared to the poses obtained without using the SPA. It is shown that when no constraint is imposed on the position of the end-effector, the SPA excels at providing a better solution with less iterations than running the optimization without the SPA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In the recent decade the VANET has been emerged as a prominent field for research and it receives considerable attention. VANET uses different specifications of the WLAN 802.11 family. It takes the basics of ad hoc network and the VANET creates a network with a collection of independent entities with the ability to communicate among them. The Adaption to the various 802.1 family causes a remarkable increase in the number of wireless network. The VANET has various benefits along with many challenges including security, privacy, Quality of communication, effective bandwidth utilization etc. The importance of Wireless Distributed network in current scenario is very major in communication technology is does through multiple cooperating clients. We know network users are growing in day to day life it does heavy load over the network and the traffic patterns are also getting dynamic , it does affect networking performance and quality in services , it require to get split out the network load into multiple server or client areas , it also does challenges for Wireless Distributed applications , in this case we need to develop such type of Wireless Distributed network that can create peer to peer networking in cycle , need to integrate network and application so that servers and clients can handle without networking complexity. In this thesis we propose an Agent Based Routing Scheme through which support routing with high number of nodes without flooding so that network bandwidth can be maximum utilizes. Proposed model provides a new Reactive routing algorithm that perform higher throughput and lower | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume Journal of Trend in Scientific and Development (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal Sunil Malviya Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sagar Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal delay compare to the traditional VANET protocol like AODV and DSR.


contribute. Armed with the best intentions, some parents who pursue a policy of open disclosure may find their child uncomfortable with the knowledge they gain. It's as if the child can't find a way to fit the intellectual meaning of adoption into their emotional frame of reference. The younger the child, the more information is emotionally filtered, sometimes leading to unintended consequences. The results can include intense feelings of sadness or anger, perceptions of having been rejected, or stormy relationships within the family.


It is shown that the continuum absorption coefficient K( lambda ) of a plasma at temperature T and electron density N- for radiation of wavelength lambda has the dependence K( lambda ) varies as z lambda 2N-2T-32/. The temperature here is the free electron temperature and z is the average ionic charge in the plasma. Recent techniques of laser interferometry enable N- to be measured to 2 percent and therefore it is proposed that an infra-red absorption measurement could enable T to be assessed to better than 7 percent for plasmas of known N- and z. Full calculations of K( lambda ) are given for radiations of 3.39 mu and 10.6 mu wavelength, corresponding to the prominent transitions of the helium-neon and carbon dioxide lasers respectively. The outstanding features of this proposed technique of temperature measurement are that plasma local thermodynamic equilibrium is not required, large magnetic fields in the plasma are permitted and no information is required on the chemical composition of the plasma.


JAMES KEILL (1673-1719), author ofthe most popular English anatomical compendium of the close of the seventeenth and early part of the eighteenth centuries, also enjoyed renown in the latter century as one of Britain's leadingiatromathematical physiologists. A biographical account of Keill appeared in the Biographia Britannica,1 and Haller,2 Portal,3 Diderot,4 and Mangetus5 considered his work sufficiently significant to merit extended discussion. By the end of the eighteenth century, however, Keill's anatomy had been eclipsed by subsequent and more up-to-date compendia, and because of the new vitalistic trend in physiological thought, his efforts to reduce the processes of physiology to mathematical terms were discounted as mere idle speculation. In consequence, and unfairly in view of his earlier recognition, Keill's achievements suffered an almost total disregard. With the exception of a brief article by J. F. Payne in the Dictionary of National Biography, this neglect of Keill has continued down to the present day. Although he was by no means on the level of the great seventeenth-century English anatomists and physiologists-Harvey, Willis, and Lower-his anatomical treatise may be said to have displayed a respectable competence at a time when anatomical instruction in the medical faculties of Oxford and Cambridge declined precipitously and in fact reached its nadir, and his physiological studies revealed a genuine interest and sincerity even if the problems he sought to solve were beyond the capabilities of anyone of his day. In addition Keill practised medicine in Northampton and the surrounding area of the county. Through a series of letters that he wrote to the celebrated London practitioner Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753)-unfortunately Sloane's replies are not known to be extant-one is able to obtain a picture of the provincial physician, in Keill's case possibly as capable as his London colleagues, but simply because he was a provincial physician, often questioned as to his judgment by his patients who demanded that his medical decisions be confirmed by consultation with some Fellow of the august Royal College of Physicians. Keill's letters seem to indicate that at least some of his practice, especially patients in the higher ranks of society, were in fact Sloane's patients who happened to have estates somewhere in the neighbourhood of Northampton. Treated by Sloane when in London, when in residence in Northamptonshire their medical problems were handled by Keill. He was in consequence obliged to send reports and queries regarding their treatment to Sloane who would Biographia Britanica, London, 1757, vol. 4, pp. 2809-11. 'A. von Haller, Elementa physiologiae corporis lwmi, Lausanne 1757 vol. 1, pp. 448-52. ' A. Portal, Histoire de l'anatomie et de la chirurgie, Paris, 1770, vol. 4, pp. 217-20. ' D. Diderot, Encyclopedie, [article: 'Coeur'], Paris, 1753, vol. 3, pp. 596-60. 'i J. J. Mangetus, Bib iotheca scriptorum medicorum, Geneva, 1731, vol. 3, pp. 45-48.


SOFTWARE–HARDWARE SYSTEMS GRAPH QUERIES FOR DATA INTEGRATION USING XML V. G. Tulchinsky, A. K. Yushchenko, and R. A. Yushchenko UDC 681.3 A new visual language, which is called ER-QBE and uses a conceptual model semantics, is proposed for the development of XML views. ER-QBE is based on graph queries that are trees of parametric SQL queries. The ER-QBE language is characterized by formally proved completeness, its expressiveness is higher than that of well-known alternatives, and it supports both relational and object-relational databases.


The present work attempts to look into the present educational condition of the members of Namasudra community in Karkha and Gerul village of Banshihari block under Dakshin Dinajpur District of the Indian state of West Bengal. The study is basically based on primary data although some books, journals, research articles, research reports have been used as a source of secondary data. The primary data has been collected by interview technique with the help of standard questionnaires and participant observation technique in the year 2018. For this purpose multi-stage stratified random sampling have been applied. The collected data first be tabulated, processed and then presented and interpreted using different cartographic techniques and diagrams. The analysis reveals that there is a significant variation in terms of male female literate and illiterate percentage, educational attainment, dropout rate of the children, and rate of enrolment, Preference of School for Primary Education of Children in the Karkha and Gerul village. The result show that the Namasudra community in Karkha village is to some extend forward in the field of education in comparison to the Gerul village almost in all level of education. An attempt has been made in this present work to make some sort of recommendations for equitable participation and educational development of the Namasudra community in the field of education in respect with the study area and also for regional and national levels.