For thousands of years, Secwépemc laws (like other Indigenous laws) related to the Secwépemc lands, or "Secwépemcúlecw," developed and were learned and practiced within a context where the personhood of Secwépemc individuals, as well as animals and the earth itself, was not in dispute. Nor was the existence, legitimacy or efficacy of Secwépemc laws. All of these crucial legal relationships still exist, and are ongoing. However, for the past 150 years or so, Secwépemc laws, and people, have lived in relation to something quite distinct — a set of laws that were jurispathic in nature —laws that would not recognize or tolerate any other law but themselves. The Secwépemc Nation's resilience and perseverance in upholding and revitalizing Secwépemc laws in the face of this colonial disregard, attests to their strength and enduring value. In this article, the authors discuss the purpose, as well as some of the methods, outcomes and limits of the Secwépemc Lands and Resources Laws project produced in collaboration with the University of Victoria Indigenous Law Research Unit. They then examine present interactions between Secwépemc and state land and resources laws operating within Secwépemcúlecw, including the challenges and limited opportunities that exist within the way these legal and political relations are currently structured and implemented on the ground. Finally, they draw on the Secwépemc "Story of Porcupine" to suggest a constructive way forward towards a more mutually respectful Nation-to-Nation relationship between the Secwépemc people and the Canadian State.


Contemporary studies in the cognitive neuroscience of attention and suggestion shed new light on psychoanalytic concepts of yore. Findings from neuroimaging studies, for example, seem to revive the notion of dynamic lesions—focal brain changes undetectable by anatomical scrutiny. With technologies such as brain imaging and reversible brain lesion, some findings from modern biological psychiatry seem to converge with nineteenth-century psychiatry, reminiscent of the old masters. In particular, suggestion has been shown to modulate specific neural activity in the human brain. Here we show that "behavioral lesions"—the influence that words exert on focal brain activity—may constitute the twenty-first-century appellation of "dynamic lesions." While recent research results involving suggestion seem to partially support Freudian notions, correlating psychoanalysis with its brain substrates remains difficult. We elucidate the incipient role of cognitive neuroscience, including the relative merits and inherent limitations of imaging the living human brain, in explaining psychoanalytic concepts.


In previous reports the writers have recorded results obtained in studies of tin, cardboard box (Peters' type) and glass containers of frozen peas, some of which had been inoculated with Cl. botulinum spores. (A. J. P. H. 22, 473-492, May, 1932, and A. J. P. H. 23, 700-703, July, 1933.) Botulinus toxin was found in all types of containers held at 800 to 90TF. for three to three and a half days, but no toxin was obtained from any of the containers that had been defrosted and examined immediately, or from those placed in an ice box (50 to 60TF.) and held for three days.


The purpose of this research describe the slang among adolescents in Group-Whats up (WA), Instagram Status and Face book (FB) are examined based on the structure of morphological, phonological and syntactic. The theory of Sociolinguistics and Morfosintaksis used as a scalpel in the research. Sociolinguistic theory is used to analyze the factors that influence language and function usage whereas Morfosintaksis used to analyze the process of formation of the words in the "language" of gaul, with the qualitative methods of analysis and structurally, while presenting data using descriptive analysis. The results of the research findings in the form of words in the form of the phonological, morphological and syntactic and other findings in the form of the function "language" gaul as well as factors that influence language. Keywords : Morfologis, fonologis dan sintaksis


This paper shows that decision trees constructed with Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and C4.5 methodology are consistent for regression and classification tasks, even when the number of predictor variables grows sub-exponentially with the sample size, under natural 0-norm and 1-norm sparsity constraints. The theory applies to a wide range of models, including (ordinary or logistic) additive regression models with component functions that are continuous, of bounded variation, or, more generally, Borel measurable. Consistency holds for arbitrary joint distributions of the predictor variables, thereby accommodating continuous, discrete, and/or dependent data. Finally, we show that these qualitative properties of individual trees are inherited by Breiman's random forests. A key step in the analysis is the establishment of an oracle inequality, which allows for a precise characterization of the goodness-of-fit and complexity tradeoff for a mis-specified model.


Eight novel 1,3-bis-(3-N-acetyl-2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-5-yl)benzene derivatives were designed and synthesized using dimethyl m-phthalate as the starting material.All synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis,IR,1HNMR and MS,and the fragmentation mechanism of MS spectra was discussed as well.


Do not expect predictable answers in our piece on what to do to answer the social security crunch. Marianne Ferber, Patricia Simpson, and Vanessa Rouillon think spousal benefits should be eliminated so that wives do not become dependent on husbands. But they also believe that earnings of the couple should be credited to both husband wife equally. Why would this help? Read on.


A 215 car "consumer type" road test was run to investigate the influence of various motor oils on fuel economy. Under "real life" conditions, the differences between conventional 10W-40 oils and several 10W-40 oils formulated for fuel economy were small. Furthermore, such differences would be difficult for the individual consumer to detect as a result of other variables such as changes in driving patterns and the effect of seasonal temperature changes. The methods for adjusting the data to compensate for these factors are explained.


Previous empirical work on adverse consequences of CEO overconfidence raises the question of why firms would hire overconfident managers. Theoretical research suggests a reason, that overconfidence can sometimes benefit shareholders by increasing investment in risky projects. Using options- and press-based proxies for CEO overconfidence, we find that over the 1993-2003 period, firms with overconfident CEOs have greater return volatility, invest more in innovation, obtain more patents and patent citations, and achieve greater innovative success for given research and development (R&D) expenditure. Overconfident managers only achieve greater innovation than non-overconfident managers in innovative industries. Our findings suggest that overconfidence may help CEOs exploit innovative growth opportunities.Presentation slides at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3190958.


Digital home assistants like the Amazon Echo are increasing in popularity each year among the general population and provide assistance across a wide array of daily activities. Despite their general utility, they may be most useful for supporting older adults with the various challenges of aging. However, little is known about older adults' opinions regarding these devices, which is necessary to encourage their adoption of these devices. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 older adult novice users to learn about their initial opinions regarding two digital home assistants, the Amazon Echo smart speaker and Echo Show smart display. Results revealed an overall trend of positive attitudes toward them and their capabilities, with a preference toward the Echo Show. These findings provided insights into older adults' first impressions of digital home assistants, plus the foundation for investigating their potential in supporting older adults in maintaining functional independence.


make the fluctuation ver obscure. l1cr general health remained unimpairee, aind shc only complained of the great weight, difficulty of respiration, and an inability to lie down. The remedies before tried were again resorted te, without benefit, and the increase of the fluid vas so rapid, that paracetesis became necessary ir January last. The puncture was made at the usual point, midway between the umbilicus and pubis. The depth of the adiposeand infiltrated cellular tissues was so great (ilearly three inches) that after making the external inicision with a scalpel, a large trocar was passed entirely to the guard of tlle canula, anld the latter firmly pressed inwards before the fluid could be made to flow. Instead of passing -with the usual facility inito the sack, the instrument seemed to meet with the resistance of a firm body, which was probably one of the tumours so commonly coniiected with the cyst in this disease. The fluid oozed so slowly from the wounld, that the cailula was withdranii, and the incision left open, tllat the discharge might thus take place. On the following day it was ascertained that, in the course of a few hours, there liad been evacuated forty-eight piiits of a fluid, which sooii firmly coagulated, and had precisely the appearance of blood; however, upon compressing a handful of it, it left no sanguinleous stain; neither did the pulse give evidence of the system having stistaimed a loss of the vital fluid. The abdomen, though somewhat softened, was not apparently much lessened in size. It was evident that the fluid was not entirely discharged; some relief was derived from the operation, and shc was able to lie downi for five or six weeks, after which a Tapid reaccumulation took place. Medical treatment was resorted to, butwithout effect, and in the latter part of June it became necessary to repeat the operation. At this time the anasarcous swelling of the abdomen and lower limbs was enormous, and fluctuation was discoverable only above the umbilicus. The patient could scarcely rise from her chair without assistance. and suffered much from dyspncea; the measurement around the largest part of the body was six feet and nine inches. Owing to circumstances, my friend Dr. Hoffman advised me make the incision and punctture above the umbilicus; from which a free discharge of transparent fluid was obtained, which soon coagulated. The inconvenience met witlh in the former operation, from the depth of the infiltrated cellular tissue, was at this time obviated by a suggestion from Prof. Gilmnan -viz., that the aniasarca should be lessened around the point to be punctured, by pressing and kneading the partwith the fingers for some minutes. After the perfect evacuation of the sac, the quantity drawni off proved by measurement to be seventz,-nine pints. The wound healed kindly, without any unplcasant symptoms. A new mode of treatment was now resorted to. She was put on the steady use of hydrarg., prot. iod.; p. scilla., and p. digital., which after five weeks slightly affected the gums, and acted very freely upon the kidneys. Three months have now elapsed, the patient's general healthi is very good, the anasarca has entirely disappeared, and she has once menstruated, beinig the second time in the period of eighteen months. From a recent examiniation by several medical friends, it is evident there is 11o return of the disease, both iliac regions being in a natural conditioni, and the abdomen perfectly flaccid. From the previous speedy return of the disease, and the period which has elapsed since the last operation, I am led to hope that its reappearance need not be looked for; and that this may prove one of the few cases which yield to medical and surgical treatment combined.


The invention aims an inhalable formulation for treating pulmonary hypertension in a mammal (e.g. human), formulation angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or vasodilation including drug or any combination thereof, but not limited to, at least one antihypertensive agent. Formulations of the present invention may be a solution or suspension, preferably suitable for administration by nebulization. The invention also aims a method and kit for treating a mammal suffering from pulmonary hypertension.


It is well known that thermocapillary convection arises in liquid bridges when the support discs are heated differentially and uniformly. Upon increasing the temperature difference, the convective flow shows a transition from an axisymmetric to an oscillatory regime. This phenomenon has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically, but prior experimental results exhibit some discrepancies with respect to the predictions of stability analyses. The present paper discusses experimental results obtained under microgravity conditions, comparing them with previous experimental observations made on ground and in space and with recent theoretical models of the instability. The results agree with the description of oscillations in terms of superposition of hydrothermal waves. Finally, a possible mechanism for a "pulsating" instability is proposed, together with a new scaling law for the oscillation frequencies at onset; this law, which correlates the critical frequency to the fluid properties, the geome...


Torsional forced-oscillation techniques have been used to measure the shear modulus and strain-energy dissipation on cylindrical specimens of a fine-grained granite, Delegate aplite. The specimens were subjected to thermal cycling and associated microcracking under varying conditions of confining pressure Pc and argon pore-fluid pressure Pf within the low-frequency saturated isobaric regime. Complementary transient-flow studies of in-situ permeability and volumetric measurements of connected crack porosity allowed the modulus measurements to be interpreted in terms of the density and interconnectivity of the thermally generated cracks. The modulus measurements indicate that newly generated thermal cracks are closed by a differential pressure, Pc − Pf , which ranges from ∼120 to 160 MPa for temperatures of 300–600°C . This suggests crack aspect ratios on the order of 10−3 . The covariation of in-situ permeability k and thermal crack density e that we infer from the modulus deficit is consistent with percol...


A summary of a 22 year period reviewing all cases of intestinal amebiasis at one institution. Surgical problems are documented in 13 cases. A plea for preoperative diagnosis and antiamebic therapy is presented.


Japanese cities face some new problems such as a declining and aging population. To solve these problems, the Japanese government announces that local governments should try to change their urban layout to The Compact City. Many local governments know the concept of the compact city, but it is not clear how many local governments pursue the goal of the compact city. It is important to figure out this issue for thinking about the whole concept of the compact city and a way of promoting the compact city policy. Therefore, we carried out a questionnaire survey to figure out the urban layout plans for the future of 234 local governments in the Kanto region. This survey shows that there are some differences in ways of thinking about the urban layout between large cities and local cities.


The rocks of the Pila Spi Formation at the southern limb of the Duhok anticline have been evaluated for use as building stones. The geology of the area and examined rocks are described. Nine samples were collected and tested for physico-mechanical properties (total porosity, water absorption, saturation coefficient, apparent specific gravity, bulk density and uniaxial compressive strength). There was a remarkable variation between the samples in these properties, which showed very high significant relationships with each other. Samples were classified as frost-resistant. According to the Iraqi and American Standards, four samples were categorized as (low density/acceptable), three samples as (moderate density/recommended) and two samples as (high density/highly recommended). According to some classifications, the samples were (moderately strong) except for two of them were (strong), while all of them were (moderately strong) and (high strength rocks) in other classifications. The examined rocks are suitable for interior and exterior wall cladding and exterior fencing, as well as for decoration. Four of them are not suitable for building sections that require high load bearing or in places where they come into contact with water or soil, such as foundations, while only two samples are suitable. The quality and quantity of the rocks and the quarrying conditions encourage their exploitation for building stones, with the necessity of proper planning of the proposed quarry and special treatment during quarrying.


Inorganic metal oxide materials are generally poor proton conductors as conductivities are lower than 10-5-10-6 S.cm-1. However, by functionalising Silica, Zirconia or Titania, proton conduction increases by up to 5 orders of magnitude. Hence, functionalised nanomaterials are becoming very competitive against conventional electrolyte materials such as Nafion. In this work, sol-gel processes are employed to produce silica phosphate, zirconia phosphate and titania phosphate functionalised nanoparticles. Furthermore, conductivities at hydrate conditions are investigated, and nanoparticle formation and functionalisation effects on proton conductivity are discussed. Results show conductivities up to 10-1 S.cm-1 (95% RH). Proton conduction increases with the functionalisation content, however heat treatment of nanoparticles locks the functionality in the crystal phase, thus inhibiting proton conduction. Controlling the mesopore phase allows for high proton conduction at hydrated conditions, clearly indicating facilitated ion transport through the pore channels.


Global velocity potential fields based on the FGGEE III data set from the ECMWF have been used to study the low frequency mode of the global circulation relevant to the Indian monsoon by performing EOF analyses. Development of monsoon in relation to the annual cycle is examined.


Dynamic models of physical systems often contain parameters that must be estimated from experimental data. In this work, we consider the identification of parameters in nonlinear mechanical systems given noisy measurements of only some states. The resulting nonlinear optimization problem can be solved efficiently with a gradient-based optimizer, but convergence to a local optimum rather than the global optimum is common. We augment the dynamic equations with a morphing parameter and a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller to transform the objective function into a convex function; the global optimum can then be found using a gradient-based optimizer. The morphing parameter is used to gradually remove the PID controller in a sequence of steps, ultimately returning the model to its original form. An optimization problem is solved at each step, using the solution from the previous step as the initial guess. This strategy enables use of a gradient-based optimizer while avoiding convergence to a local optimum. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated by identifying parameters in the van der Pol–Duffing oscillator, a hydraulic engine mount system, and a magnetorheological damper system. Our method outperforms genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization strategies, and demonstrates robustness to measurement noise.


the dairy herd. Feed resources and management skills used to maintain unproductive cows would generate more income if applied to productive cows. DHI records contain important information to help guide culling decisions. This guideline describes three systems for rating cows for production traits. Producers recognize that information about production must be combined with reproductive and health status, age, and other factors to make profitable culling decisions. Suggestions for combining information to make good culling decisions are offered. Standardized milk records Perhaps the most frequently used measure of production in DHI records is the "305d-2X-ME" record. These records are available for milk, fat, and protein and can be found on the Monthly Report DHI-210 and elsewhere in DHI reports. The adjustments standardize the length of a record to 305 days and frequency of milking to a twice per day standard. Age-season adjustments remove the major effects of differences between cows in age at freshening and season of the year when the lactation began. We suggest use of standardized instead of actual yields for culling decisions because the purpose is to evaluate performance of all cows in the herd. Comparisons based on actual yields would favor older cows freshening in the fall when feed supplies were consistent and generally plentiful. Cows must have 50 days in milk and at least two test days before DRMS Raleigh calculates 305d-2X-ME records.


A free‐fall penetrometer based on existing XBT technology and able to sense deceleration upon impact with the seafloor has been developed and tested at a wide variety of different sites containing sediments varying from very soft mud to compact sand. When the probe impacts the bottom, there is rapid deceleration controlled by the shear strength of the sediment followed by a period of damped oscillation at a frequency that is dependent on the geoacoustic properties of the near‐bottom strata. Extensive laboratory and field testing carried out over the past 3 years has established a convincing relationship between the characteristics of the deceleration signature (maximum deceleration, rate of change of deceleration, depth of penetration, etc.) and the physical properties of the sediment. By deploying the penetrometer at a wide range of sites where ''ground truth'' was simultaneously determined using quasistatic cone penetrometer tests, sampling and in situ measurement of wave velocity, it has been possible ...


This study aims to determine how profitability and leverage in assessing tax avoidance. The object of this research is PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk taken from the financial statements of 5 (five) years in the period 2016 - 2020. The calculation results show that the average Return On Assets for 5 (five) years in the period 2016 - 2020 is 5.78% per year as a whole categorized as good. And for the average Debt to Equity Ratio for 5 (five) years in the 2016 - 2020 period, which is 90% per year. And for the average Cash Effective Tax Rate for 5 (five) years in the 2016 - 2020 period, which is 34.29% per year, overall it is categorized as very good, when viewed from the industry standard, which is above 25%. Furthermore, according to the calculation that profitability and leverage in assessing tax avoidance for 5 (five) years in the 2016 - 2020 period, the result is a contribution of 6.01% and others are influenced by other factors that are not discussed and examined in this study.


In SAR Processing, iE orbital and atcitude information are available, it is possible to derive a theoretical evaluation of Doppler parameters by using a suitable Earth model. In this paper it is proposed a method for the introduction of Earth rotation and attitude errors effect in the simulation of Spaceborne SAR raw data. The same approch is subsequently used to derive a theoretical evaluation of the Doppler Centroid and the FM Rate. These Doppler Parameters are finally used and tested in the simulated raw data processing and the results are analyzed. Center geocenter z parallel to the spin axis of the Earth X fixed arbitrarily to the ascending node of the spacecraft orbit orthogonal complement ( right handea ) Y


The preparation method for garnet yellow-light fluorescent material Y3Al5O12:Ce,Li comprises following steps: selecting material with mole proportion: (3-x-y) yttrium nitrate, x cerous nitrate, y lithium nitrate and 5 aluminum nitrate, wherein, 0.01i


One of the most complex compounds in the body is glutathione. There are 8 different known glutathione compounds in the body and they are involved in a huge number of diverse functions. Glutathione is initially well known for its redox mechanism. It not only works with all the different types of free radicals; but will restabilize other anti-oxidants once utilized; and it works in the cell, the cell membrane and outside the cells.


With a global advertising budget of over $694 million American Express is considered the 45 th largest marketer in the world. While the company has numerous marketing channels available to deliver their advertising message, the most common channel used by American Express is direct mail. Direct mail campaigns have a substantial environmental impact, however with careful management this environmental footprint can be reduced while also improving the company's overall economic picture. The objective of this project is to provide American Express with key recommendations for how they can minimize the environmental impact associated with each phase of their direct mail process while concurrently minimizing costs, strengthening brand reputation and increasing overall profitability. These various recommendations were evaluated on three criteria: (1) ease of implementation, (2) environmental impact and (3) economic impact. Ultimately all three criterions were taken into consideration to produce a final priority ranking of each recommendation.


Topological quantum computation (TQC) has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to quantum computation. Under this approach, the topological properties of a non-Abelian quantum system, which are insensitive to local perturbations, are utilized to process and transport quantum information. The encoded information can be protected and rendered immune from nearly all environmental decoherence processes without additional error-correction. It is believed that the low energy excitations of the so-called =5/2 fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state may obey non-Abelian statistics. Our goal is to explore this novel FQH state and to understand and create a scientific foundation of this quantum matter state for the emerging TQC technology. We present in this report the results from a coherent study that focused on obtaining a knowledge base of the physics that underpins TQC. We first present the results of bulk transport properties, including the nature of disorder on the 5/2 state and spin transitions in the second Landau level. We then describe the development and application of edge tunneling techniques to quantify and understand the quasiparticle physics of the 5/2 state.


The technique used for recognizing a language by utilizing pronounced speech is called spoken Language Identification (LID). This field has a high significance in the interaction between human and computer. Besides, it can be implemented in several applications such as call centers, speaker diarization in multilingual environments, and in translation systems using a speech-to-speech manner. However, most studies that used LID systems are used and focused on neutral speech only. Moreover, the application of emotional speech in LID systems is crucial in real applications. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the performance of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) in LID system by utilizing emotional speech. The system is evaluated based on two different languages (Germany and English language). This study has used the Berlin Emotional Speech Dataset (BESD) for the Germany language while the Ryerson Audio-Visual Dataset of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) for the English language. Four different evaluation scenarios (All Dataset (AD), Normal-Speech Dependent (N-SD), Gender-Female Dependent (G-FD), and Gender-Male Dependent (G-MD) scenario) have been conducted in order to evaluate the system. The experiments results have shown that the highest performance was achieved an accuracy of 99.08%, 100.00%, 98.22%, and 99.37% for AD, N-SD, G-FD, and G-MD scenario, respectively.


The 1920's and early 1930's witnessed the beginnings of federal oil regulation in the United States. Professor Nordhauser argues that oil executives rather than government officials led the way in the movement for regulation and that their dominant goals were the stabilization of prices and profits.


Significance Cancer stem cells, capable of self-renewing and giving rise to progeny cells in the tumor, have attracted attention as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, using genetically engineered mouse models, we showed that IL17RB, a tuft cell marker in the intestine, does not mark normal stem cells but marks tumor stem cells of mouse intestinal adenomas. Furthermore, using CRISPR-Cas9–mediated IL17RB-CreERT2 knockin human organoids, we showed that IL17RB marks human colorectal cancer stem cells by lineage tracing, and that long-term targeting of IL17RB+ cells strongly suppressed the tumor growth in vivo. This study identifies IL17RB+ cancer stem cells and preclinically validates them as a cancer therapeutic target. Cancer stem cell (CSC)-specific markers may be potential therapeutic targets. We previously identified that Dclk1, a tuft cell marker, marks tumor stem cells (TSCs) in mouse intestinal adenomas. Based on the analysis of mouse Dclk1+ tumor cells, we aimed to identify a CSC-specific cell surface marker in human colorectal cancers (hCRCs) and validate the therapeutic effect of targeting it. IL17RB was distinctively expressed by Dclk1+ mouse intestinal tumor cells. Using Il17rb-CreERT2-IRES-EGFP mice, we show that IL17RB marked intestinal TSCs in an IL13-dependent manner. Tuft cell-like cancer cells were detected in a subset of hCRCs. In these hCRCs, lineage-tracing experiments in CRISPR-Cas9–mediated IL17RB-CreERT2 knockin organoids and xenograft tumors revealed that IL17RB marks CSCs that expand independently of IL-13. We observed up-regulation of POU2F3, a master regulator of tuft cell differentiation, and autonomous tuft cell-like cancer cell differentiation in the hCRCs. Furthermore, long-term ablation of IL17RB-expressing CSCs strongly suppressed the tumor growth in vivo. These findings reveal insights into a CSC-specific marker IL17RB in a subset of hCRCs, and preclinically validate IL17RB+ CSCs as a cancer therapeutic target.


The invention discloses a measurement system for motion parameters of a high-speed motion object. The measurement system comprises a laser target (A) and a laser target (B), wherein two coplanar parallel laser screens are formed in the laser target A and the laser target B respectively; the direction of propagation of the two parallel laser screens is perpendicular to each other; the laser target (A) and the laser target (B) are connected with an optical fibre face array (9) through optical fibres; when passing through the parallel laser screens, the motion object blocks a part of laser screens to make luminous flux in the optical fibre face array changed; the variable quantity is acquired by an optical signal acquisition device and transmitted to a computer (10); and the parameters such as a speed, coordinates, and scattering and motion gestures when the motion object passes through the screens can be obtained by processing an acquired image and displayed on a display. The measurement system is low in cost, simple in operation and high in precision and can carry out all-day continuous measurement.


This dissertation investigates the semantics of each tense and aspect in Xhosa. Since tense and aspect perform important pragmatic functions, the analysis takes into account the correlation between the verb and the wider discourse in which it is embedded. Tense reflects the temporal relation between the time of the utterance (speech time) and an interval the speaker makes the assertion about (reference time). The Remote Past and the Remote Future tenses differ from their Recent/Immediate counterparts in that they denote events which occurred in a significantly different situation than the speech time and/or events in the surrounding discourse. Aspect does not only indicate the relation between the time occupied by the real world event and the reference time chosen by the speaker. The Perfective aspect represents an event as a unique change-of-state that pertains to a single point on the timeline which at the same time functions as the reference time. By contrast, for the Imperfective aspect temporally links the event to a contextually provided reference time, e.g. the utterance time, a time adverbial, a period of time previously introduced in the preceding discourse, or the interlocutors' shared experience. At the pragmatic level, the Perfective aspect tends to introduce an event's resulting state into the discourse, whereas the Imperfective aspect tends to rule it out. Like the Imperfective aspect, the Anterior and the Prospective aspects assert an event's occurrence from a contextually defined reference time. They refer to the consequent and the preparatory states of an event, respectively. On the pragmatic level, the Anterior aspect may also indicate that the truth-conditionality of the event's resulting state is contradicted in the immediate discourse. This study shows that tense and aspect temporally represent different means of temporally assigning an event to a particular portion of the timeline. I further argue that aspect indicates whether the reference time is provided in the context (Imperfective, Anterior, Prospective) or whether it is introduced by the verb itself (Perfective). Furthermore, this study shows that aspect exhibits a pragmatic function by laying focus on different parts of the event that are relevant in the upcoming discourse.


We appreciate the interesting information and comments provided by Dr Gardner and her colleagues. Overall, they observed 23% of their patients receiving digoxin therapy to have electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia, 8%; hypokalemia, 11%; and hypomagnesemia, 4%), half of our reported incidence of 56%. 1 Since 15% of the overall variance between the two reports can be accounted for by the differences in hypomagnesemia (their 4% vs our 19%), the question arises as to whether this variance could account for reported differences. It would appear that the answer is affirmative. For example, the overall electrolyte imbalance in Dr Gardner's series (23%) contrasted with our 56% would be considerably narrowed to 38% (23% +15% magnesium difference) compared with our 56%. Hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia appear to be linked and parallel the relationship between hypokalemia and hyponatremia. 2 Dyckner et al have reported hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia with correction of hyponatremia taking place with magnesium


6030 Background: The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has increased 5% per year over the past decade due to a rise in human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven OPC. HPV+ OPC is clinically and molecularly distinct from HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, there are currently no validated therapeutic targets for HPV+ HNSCC. Methods: Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) was performed on HNSCC tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas to measure cancer-associated pathways and targets. Differences in individual markers and proteomic pathway scores between HPV+ and HPV– tumors were assessed by t-test in the overall group and for the subset of OPC. Results: Significant proteomic differences were observed in 14 HPV+ and 186 HPV- HNSCC. Of 160 proteins, the top marker overexpressed in HPV+ HNSCC was p16, an established clinical biomarker of HPV status (p<0.0001). Other cell cycle proteins significantly dysregulated were p27; cyclins B1, E1 and E2; and E2F1 (higher in HPV+) and pRb (lower in HPV+) ...


Insurance companies increasingly dictate length as well as other parameters of psychotherapy practice, and they may base these guidelines on data from well-controlled efficacy studies. Although efficacy studies attempt to demonstrate that specific, usually time-limited, treatments are best for certain types of problems, effectiveness studies also provide information about the optimal length of psychotherapy.

The more traditional efficacy study is characterized by rigorous experimental methodology, but its homogeneous patient groups and prescribed treatments are encountered rarely in practice. In contrast, effectiveness studies examine the outcomes of psychotherapy as it is actually practiced, even though they lack the methodological rigor of efficacy studies.

Many efficacy studies support the value of psychotherapy. For example, cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, and behavior therapy have all been validated as treatments for depression in efficacy studies. A recent efficacy study by Mynors-Wallace et …


Discovering and matching services is an area that has been extensively explored. In this paper we envision services that advertise not only their functional parameters, but also highlight the Quality of Service(QoS) guarantees (or non-functional parameters) they can provide. As a result users can also incorporate QoS requirements along with the service request. Given the vast pool of services available today, leading to complex ontologies, the search space becomes extremely large, increasing the complexity of the search. We construct an overlay reflecting the relationships between the services, which facilitates the pruning of the entire search space. Additionally our system takes into consideration the user context which provides information pertaining to the users preferences. (eg: A user could be performance-savvy or functionally-cautious etc) We propose an algorithm CCD (Context based Complex service Discovery), which utilizes the inputs provided by the users and determines the similarity quotient for the functional and QoS parameters. Our experiments show that CCD significantly improves the scalability of the search by aggressively pruning the search space, achieved by visiting only relevant nodes. CCD further uses the requester context to improve the recommendations provided to the requester. We also compare CCD with two baseline approaches based on the depth-first search algorithm on a travel ontology, which was created using real service definitions from the Open Travel Alliance (OTA).


The theory of the vacuum microelectronic acceleration sensor and the corresponding structures and the mechanisms are discussed through the finite element method to analyze the static and kinetic behavior of the processed mass. The results of the relation curves describe the relationships of the dimensions vs maximum motion of the mass, the dimensions vs resonant frequency, the forced vibration responding of the mass. All these analysis are helpful to design such acceleration sensors.


By means of perturbation theory and bifurcation theory,a predator-prey model between two species with functional response subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is studied.The local bifurcation at positive constant steady-state solution (u*,v*) is obtained by treating diffusion coefficient as the bifurcation parameter.Moreover,the structure of the solution near bifurcation points is given and the local branch can be extended to global branch.


ABSTRACT The present study was designed to formulate and characterize the micro-emulsions of peppermint and coriander oil that extracted by using supercritical fluid extraction system. Moreover, Guar gum and maltodextrin were used as coating materials while preparing encapsulates of peppermint and coriander through freeze-drying. The moisture contents of mint leaves and coriander were 81.28 ± 7.12 and 84.62 ± 6.46% respectively whereas the recorded protein content in mint and coriander leaves were 1.456 ± 0.13 and 5.06 ± 0.03% respectively. The crude fat was high in mint leaves as compared to coriander. However, the ash content was 2.98 ± 0.278 in mint and 2.8 ± 0.12 in coriander leaves. The total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant activity coriander essential oil was high as compared to peppermint oil. The results showed the better antioxidant activity of coriander than peppermint. Encapsulation efficiency of powder showed significant results of wall material. T3 (maltodextrin and coriander oil) exhibited better binding capability of bioactive components as compared to guar gum and mint. T3 was coriander and maltodextrin better ability to inhibit the oxidation process and had good DPPH assays as compared to other treatments. This study showed that the T3 (maltodextrin and coriander oil) exhibited better binding capability of bioactive components as compared to guar gum and mint. T3 was (coriander and maltodextrin) better ability to inhibit the oxidation process and had good DPPH assays to other treatments.


Introduction Timeline of Popular Culture Events Life and Youth During the American Revolution Everyday America World of Youth Popular Culture During the American Revolution Advertising Architecture Leisure Activities Fashion Food Literature Music Performing Arts Travel Visual Arts Consumer Prices in the Revolutionary Era Further Reading Index


Since the early days of radiology, calcification in the renal area has signified the presence of disease. In 1914, Case (7) described a calcified hemorrhagic cyst replacing a kidney, and numerous accounts have since appeared reporting calcification in cysts, tumors, and cystic tumors. In an extensive review of all possible causes of renal calcification, Goldstein and Abeshouse (12) found it to be frequent in tumors but rare in cysts. Shanks et al. (21) suggested that calcification in a cyst may be the result of change from hemorrhage. Edling (9) described shell-like calcification in the walls of some older cysts, and recently Cannon, Zanon, and Karras (6) emphasized that cyst-like calcification can be seen in tumors. The considerable literature on renal calcification is confusing since many reports have emphasized the "typical" and the unusual, but not the common findings. Calcification as a diagnostic roentgen sign in renal masses seemed, therefore, to warrant further analysis. Material Records were stud...


Women's empowerment is increasingly put forth as a mean to promote child development. However, little empirical research has evaluated the pathways of women empowerment leading to it. This paper uses a household survey conducted in Karnataka, South India to explore the impact of female status on child anthropometric indicators aged below 11 years when food price shock occurs. We distinguish between exogenous status and endogenous status of women and argue that both are important to capture intrahousehold dimensions of women's empowerment. Endogenous status in our study is measured by mothers' work status and her time spent with children. Exogenous status is captured by a composite index constructed with parental educational gap, mother's age at marriage and years of marriage. Our finding suggests that endogenous status, measured by time reduces incidence of underweight, wasting and improves BMI significantly, but it is insignificant to affect weight for age scores. In the case of weight for age scores exogenous status becomes a significant determinant. Similarly, work which is another proxy for endogenous status has a positive impact on BMI and helps reducing incidence of wasting, but when considered together with time and exogenous status the significance vanishes. Time still remains significant to impact BMI, underweight and wasting. We therefore conclude that mothers' status, measured by time is more important to improve child nutritional status. Finally, our result suggests that the joint effect of time and exogenous variables are particularly crucial to improve child nutrition in households that are affected by a shock.


This paper examines MMLD-based approximations for the inference of two univariate probability densities: the geometric distribution, parameterised in terms of a mean parameter, and the Poisson distribution. The focus is on both parameter estimation and hypothesis testing properties of the approximation. The new parameter estimators are compared to the MML87 estimators in terms of bias, squared error risk and KL divergence risk. Empirical experiments demonstrate that the MMLD parameter estimates are more biased, and feature higher squared error risk than the corresponding MML87 estimators. In contrast, the two criteria are virtually indistinguishable in the hypothesis testing experiment.


Through analysis on geological and hydrogeological conditions of karstic areas,numerical model of karstic groundwater flow is established in Linyi city,and the water level change from June 2007 to June 2019 is predicated as well.As showed by the result,it is conform with the hydrogeological conditions in research areas.Thus,it can be used to predicate karst collapse and to provide technical basis for preventing and controlling geological disasters in karst collapse areas.


The values of character education in the self-development book "Kaum Laying Down Gives Change" and their significance during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the need to instill these values into the hearts of teenagers in the era of globalization. The topic of this research is a self-development book entitled "Kaum Laying Down Gives Change", and its aim is the ideals of youth character education in the globalization era and its application during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with data collection techniques based on content analysis. The results of the research show the principles of character education, which include having a vision of life, learning, courage, togetherness, hard and persistent work, sincerity, patience as endurance, and love as strength. During the Covid-19 pandemic, being brave and analytical in a situation.


The real subject of Paul Tillich's three-volume Systematic Theology is not God but rather the history of Tillich's personal relationship with God. The religious experiences to which Tillich refers in this, his major work, are his own, although he never admits it. This article attempts to draw parallels between Tillich's mystical development and that of other mystics. Questions are raised about the possibility of mystical voices, visions, ecstasies, raptures and deliria being symptoms of schizophrenia.


The empirical literature on the economic analysis of crime suffers from the lack of theoretical underpinnings in using various income variables to proxy expected net gains from crime. As a result, the empirical findings are often mixed or contradictory to one another. This note provides a theoretical argument that relates the net expected gains from crime to a measure of income inequality (Gini coefficient) and the mean income of a society, thereby clarifying the confusions which exist in current criminometric studies.CRLF 1998.16.html: abstract Testing for linearity in time series models has been an active area of research [see Granger and Terasvirta (1993), Tong (1991)]. The authors consider a test for linearity against a particular regime switching model known as the smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) model.


The National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) is a three‐dimensional physics model of the Earth's upper atmosphere. Using eigen analysis, the hourly NO infrared radiative flux (NOF) during 2002–2015 obtained from TIEGCM simulations are decomposed into four empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). The first mode of variability is significantly associated with Kp and F10.7, implying that geomagnetic activity and solar extreme ultraviolet flux make a strong contribution to NOF variability. EOF 2 shows an antisymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres and has a very strong correlation with the solar declination angle, suggesting that annual and seasonal variations of thermospheric temperature and composition play dominant roles in EOF 2. Lacking a strong correlation with solar and/or geomagnetic indices, EOF 3 may be associated with thermospheric circulation driven by the offsets between the geomagnetic and geographic poles. A strong correlation with Dst indicates that EOF 4 may be associated with geomagnetic activity and NO transport due to the enhanced meridional wind. Additionally, comparisons between TIEGCM EOFs and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry EOFs are also included in our study. This work shows important features of TIEGCM via eigen analysis on NOF and suggests some model shortcomings through the results of model‐data comparison.


This article analyzed the question which the X70 pipeline steel and the normalized steel P460NH weldability and welds should be attention,proposed heavy-caliber thick wall X70 steel pipe and insulated rail joint parent metal P460NH length of pipe when pipeline horizontal position butt welded,in order to obtain good shape,high compactness,low hydrogen quantity,good comprehensive mechanical property,no crisp microstructure in joint fusion area and the relevant technology measurement and welding procedure can be used.


Phase retardation ΔΦ values for the LC cells with homogeneous and inhomogeneous LC director distribution vs. the LC pretilt angle θ0 on the cell's substrates has been simulated. Cases of symmetric and hybrid cells with both positive and negative optical anisotropy LC with θ0 values in the range from 0 to 90° and θ0 > 90° are reviewed.


This paper presents a multi-frequency method to increase the number of incoherent sources that can be resolved using MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC). The method uses coarray equivalence to construct a "virtual correlation matrix" with a higher dimension than the number of receiving elements. This allows for more sources to be resolved than with traditional MUSIC, where the number of sources must be less than the number of receiving elements. This method will prove to be useful in situations where the number of antenna elements must be limited, but there are many sources. The method as presented here has restrictions on the types of sources that can be resolved.


The direct carboxylation of benzoxasiloles with carbon dioxide proceeded smoothly under mild conditions using copper iodide as a catalyst to afford phthalides after an acid work-up. Broad substrate scope and application of this methodology for the synthesis of natural products highlight the synthetic utility of this protocol.


Patients receiving oral or transdermal pharmacologic therapy with opioids and adjuvant therapy may experience adequate pain control in 80%–90% of the cases, provided that this therapy is administered by applying aggressive guidelines over time (1). Thus, in the other 10%–20% of the patients, some form of invasive therapy will be required (2). Neuraxial analgesia via an indwelling epidural or intrathecal catheter may provide analgesia to patients with cancer who do not achieve adequate pain control with aggressive systemic opioid or adjuvant therapy (1,2). Moreover, these techniques are indicated when severe pain cannot be controlled with noninvasive alternatives because of side effects, when there is a need for a local anesthetic to control a strong neuropathic component, or when patient preference supports their use. Neuropathic pain associated with tumor invasion of neural structures is extremely difficult to control with systemic opioid or adjuvant therapy. We present a case of a patient with colon carcinoma with metastasis to the sacrum and sacral roots who developed paraplegia shortly after lumbar epidural analgesia was started. This rare problem adds to the list of the differential diagnosis of postepidural paraplegia.


The characteristic of the UK Parole Board procedure is that it strongly guarantees the rights and participation of victims. Accordingly, the victim makes a statement on the impact of the crime during the parole process, and asks for conditions such as prohibition of access to parole. In proceeding with such procedures, various types of support are also received, including the help of the victim's applicant. Furthermore, since the victim is not a party to parole, he/she cannot directly request a retrial of the decision, but if there is a certain reason, he/she may object to the decision to release the parole. In addition, a closed parole review may be observed, and in certain cases, a public parole review may be requested. Meanwhile, in the UK parole process, inmates can actively state their opinions during oral hearings, receive legal support from lawyers, and request a retrial of the decision to refuse parole. As such, the UK's parole procedure has changed in the direction of protecting the rights of inmates and ensuring fairness and transparency of the parole screening procedure. The Parole Board in the United Kingdom is an independent non-governmental public enforcement agency that plays a government role and cannot be seen as a judicial institution, but it can be seen as a court-like institution that performs corresponding procedures. Therefore, through the characteristics of the procedure guarantee for inmates and victims in the UK's parole procedure, the results and implications of supplementing the judicial function of the parole board, the function of parole as a restorative judicial law, and raising awareness of the parole system through the guarantee of victims' procedures can be found.


The utility model relates to a simplex articulated type corrugated compensator. The simplex articulated type corrugated compensator comprises end pipes, corrugated pipes and articulated mechanisms. Two sides of the corrugated pipes are respectively connected with the end pipes. Outer saddle plates and vertical plates are respectively fixed on the outer surfaces of the end pipes, and the vertical plates are perpendicular to the outer saddle plates. The articulated mechanisms are arranged between the outer saddle plates and composed of main hinge plates, auxiliary hinge plates and hinge pins, the main hinge plates are connected with the auxiliary hinge plates through the hinge pins, and the main hinge plates can rotate along the hinge pins relative to the auxiliary hinge plates. Inner saddle plates are respectively arranged on the positions, close to the corrugated pipes, of the outer surfaces of the end pipes on two sides, and the outer saddle plates are connected and fixed with the inner saddle plates through the vertical plates. Compared with the prior art, a pair of the articulated mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the outer surfaces of the end pipes on two sides, and angular displacement compensation of a certain direction of a pipeline can be achieved through the corrugated pipes. The simplex articulated type corrugated compensator is high in strength, good in sealing performance and long in service life.


Purpose Unicompartmental versus total knee arthroplasty has been a debated topic for decades. The purpose of this study was to compare the survivorship and clinical outcomes of a large primary total knee arthroplasty versus unicompartmental knee arthroplasty cohort. Method A consecutive series of 6352 TKAs and 296 UKAs with a minimum of one year follow-up were evaluated. Pre-operative scores, latest scores, and change in clinical outcome scores (KSCRS, SF12, WOMAC) were compared and tested for significance using the students t-test. Results There were statistically significant differences in baseline demographics between the groups (followup 5.354.04 vs 6.13 4.57, age 67.91 9.52 vs 66.53 8.46, BMI 31.93 6.81 vs 29.57 5.67 in TKAs and UKAs respectively). UKA patients had significantly higher postoperative SF12 Mental Scores and KS scores (p Conclusion In this cohort of patients undergoing TKA and UKA, there were significant differences in preoperative and postoperative outcome scores, but much fewer differences in change scores in most domains of WOMAC, SF12 and KSCRS. When comparing outcomes between these interventions it is critical to evaluate change scores and not raw postoperative scores alone.


Connecting reading and writing, proposed by many scholars, is realized in this case study. The 30 participants in this study are the English majors of the third year in one School of Foreign Languages in Beijing. They are encouraged to write journals every week, based on the source text materials in their Intensive Reading class, with the final piece as a reflective journal of their mind work in writing. All their journals written during the first 12 weeks of the whole semester are analyzed qualitatively. Analysis of their source-text-based journals shows that they have unique ways in integrating reading and writing, and the results of the reflective journals indicate that the participants have perceived the obvious merits of writing journals after reading. Journal writing helps them gain a better understanding of the source text, gives them a chance to review the text, cultivates their critical thinking abilities, and guarantees them a special opportunity to communicate with the teacher.


As a key component of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), separator plays a crucial role in the performance and safety of LIBs. In this paper, a


This paper studies robust control problems under the setting of quantized feedback. We consider both the static and dynamic logarithmic quantizers. In the static quantization case, the quantizer has an infinite number of levels, and the design problem is to find the minimal quantization density required to achieve a given control objective. In the dynamic quantization case, the problem is to minimize the number of quantization levels to achieve a given control objective. We present a number of results for different controller‐quantizer configurations. These results are developed using the so‐called sector bound approach for quantized feedback control, which was initiated by the authors previously for systems without uncertainties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The U.S. government has allowed its asylum and border processing system to become overwhelmed. Central Americans are crossing illegally and often relying on asylum and other processing procedures at the border because they are virtually the only ways for them to enter the United States. After numerous failed attempts to deter the flow or restrict asylum, the most realistic and humane way to control the border is for Congress and the administration to channel future immigrants into an orderly legal structure for coming to the country.

Five reforms would make the asylum system manageable again and restore control over the border:

1. Humanitarian parole: Waive entry restrictions for Central Americans in the backlogged green card lines and with family legally in the United States.

2. Private refugee sponsorship: Allow U.S. residents and organizations to sponsor refugees from abroad as the State Department had planned in 2016.

3. Guest worker expansion: Expand the H-2A and H-2B seasonal worker programs to year-round jobs for Central Americans and waive the H-2B cap.

4. Legalization: Legalize illegal immigrants who have no serious criminal convictions and let them reunite with their spouses and children, eliminating the network for future illegal immigration.

5. Processing at ports: Remove the cap on asylum seekers at ports of entry, process 100 percent of their claims there, and release them with an employment authorization document contingent on them appearing in court.

These reforms will not stop all asylum seekers, but they will redirect enough of the flow into other legal channels to make the asylum process manageable again for U.S. authorities.


This paper is to analyze the active role of colleges on building national fitness service system on the basis of literature,and discuss how to use their advantages to take part in the nationwide fitness services.Colleges should give full play of their advantages such as sports talent and knowledge,sports stadiums equipment,sports administration,and actively take part in the national fitness services to carry out the national health plan,and provide theoretical basis and practical security to build the national fitness service system.


To improve ethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,an integration plasmid pUPGKAT with PGK promoter(phosphoglycerate kinase promoter),adh1 gene(the coding sequences of alcohol dehydrogenaseⅠ) and CYC1 terminator(Cytochrome c transcription terminator) was constructed.Firstly,a fusion fragment composed of PGK promoter and adh1 gene was generated by over lap extension PCR and ligated into pUG6 resulting in plasmid pUPGKA.Subsequently,CYC1 termi nator was amplified from pSH65 by PCR and ligated to the SpeⅠand SacⅡrestriction site of pUPGKA.To integrate PGK-adh1-CYC1 into S.cerevisiae genome,pUPGKAT was digested by TthⅢⅠand the lin-earized plasmid was used to transform S.cerevisiae YS2-△adh2(adh2 disrupted strain) by lithium acetate method.The yeast mutant YS2-△adh2-adh1 which had the adh1 gene placed under the PGK promoter and harbored the adh2 deletion was constructed.Anaerobic fermentation showed overexpression of adh1 by PGK promoter resulted in a 8.84% higher ethanol production compared to YS2-△adh2.


(57) Abstract: formula (I): R-N ( CH 2 CH 2 OH) wherein the hydrocarbon residue R is having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms] They are other known, for example, can be produced at a higher amine trihydrofluoride like Olaf rules purity. Amine trihydrofluoride or two or more of the mixture of formula (I) can be formulated as an oral unit hygiene composition.


Objective To explore the protective effect of baicalin on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism. Methods The models of focal brain ischemia-reperfusion injury were prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)in rats.The effects of baicalin on ischemia-induced barriers to behavior,rate of infarction,water content of brain tissue,contents of NO,NOS,MDA and SOD in brain tissues were observed. Results The ischemia-induced barriers to behavior were improved,and the rate of infarction and water content of brain tissue decreased after administration of baicalin.At the same time,the contents of NO,NOS and MDA decreased,while the content of SOD in brain tissue increased. Conclusion Baicalin can protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.


A novel reactive diol, bis-biphenyloxy (4-hydroxy) phenyl phosphine oxide (BBPHPPO) which contains both biphenylyl and phenyl phosphonic groups was synthesized. Flame retardant advanced epoxy resin was obtained by chain extension of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with the phosphorus-containing diol (BBPHPPO). The thermal properties and flame retardancy of cured epoxy resin were studied. The resulting BBPHPPO containing epoxy system exhibited higher glass transition temperature than that of advanced epoxy resins prepared from bisphenol-A (BA) and tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBA). The high char yield and the high LOI value were observed to prove the excellent flame retardancy of this phosphorus-containing epoxy resin.


Physical driveline systems have inherent nonlinearities such as multiple piecewise linear springs, gear backlashes, and drag torques. The multi-staged clutch dampers, in particular, cause severe problems in simulating the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of multi-degree-of-freedom systems. In order to analyze the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the system, the harmonic balance method has been employed. This study suggests a method to overcome the convergence problems with strong nonlinearities by employing two distinct smoothening factors for stiffness and hysteresis. First, the dynamic behaviors of the multi-degree-of-freedom torsional system are investigated by employing multi-staged clutch dampers subjected to a sinusoidal excitation. Second, the effects of system parameters are examined with respect to dynamic characteristics of torsional vibration. The regimes of resonance frequencies along with the relevant parameters of the system are investigated by calculating backbone curves, which reduce the calculation time significantly. In order to validate harmonic balance method simulation, the simulated results are compared with those of numerical simulation. Harmonic balance method is shown to be more efficient than numerical simulation in calculating the nonlinear frequency response, as well as in simulating the steady-state responses without transient response effect.


The analysis of rotational bariers aiming to specify the most important factors responsible for the existence of these bariers can significantly help in a detailed understanding of the nature of intramolecular interactions. In wider context it can contribute also to the understanding of the nature of activating bariers in chemical reactions. It is now widely accepted that the most fruitful approach to this problem is based on quantum chemical description. It is however important to realise that even on the level of such description the question about the origin of rotational bariers can be answered in different terms in dependence on the type of the approach [1-5]. Rather popular treatment of the problem of internal rotation is based on the partitioning of total molecular energy. It originates in Pople's finding [6] that the total molecular energy can be in the framework of CNDO approximation expressed as a sum of mono and biatomic contributions [eq. (1)]


tinct memory of Edgar Allan Poe's original lyric on that theme will realize that something extraordinary has happened to Poe's text. Even before Rachmaninoff reconceived "The Bells" as a majestic choral symphony, Poe's lyric had already been extensively refashioned in Rachmaninoff's libretto, the translation provided by the Russian Symbolist K. D. Bal'mont. It was Bal'mont's conviction that Poe's "immortal poem, which one cannot fail to remember whenever one hears a resounding bell," may be best comprehended as a "requiem mass for the poet himself, who scarcely suspected the prophetic significance of the lines he was creating" when he wrote the lyric not long before his death ("bessmertnaja poema, o kotoroj uie nel'zja ne vspomnit', sly'a zvuk kolokola ... javilas' zaupokojnoju sluiboj po samom po'te vrjad li podozrevavsem predveSdatel'nuju znabitel'nost' strok, kotorye on sozdaval" (SSEP V, 97). And so (as we shall see), Bal'mont adds to Poe's sketched-out requiem some new thoughts about the ending of the martyr's torment, about the lasting peace of the grave. But for Bal'mont "The Bells" represented more than a prophecy of Poe's death; it was also a symbolic record of his life-Poe's autobiographical self-portrait. And it is this self-portraiture, above all, that Bal'mont tries to dramatize and clarify in his own rendition of Poe's unwitting requiem. "Kolokol'Eiki i kolokola" is a twofold Bal'montian re-envisioning. The Russian poet reconceives the poem as he re-envisions the man who wrote it. Bal'mont provides plenty of surrounding context for his reimagining of Poe, and the contextual contributions are wide-ranging. Bal'mont translated five volumes of Poe's lyrics, tales, dialogues, essays, and correspondence; his devotion to the American writer's memory and achievement influenced an era in Russian literary culture (Grossman, passim). Moreover, all this intensive work on Poe gave rise to some superb original verse


Danshen, the dried stems and roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, have commonly been used for decades in traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular diseases as a circulating anticoagulant [1,2]. Major pharmacological applications of Danshen include dilating cardiocerebral vessels, suppressing aggregation of platelets, improving circulation, removing blood stasis, protecting against ischemic reperfusion injury, and enhancing the tolerance of ischemic tissue to hypoxia [1,3]. In addition, TSN is reported as an antioxidant [4]. Up to the present, 15 classes of biologically active substrates have been extracted from Danshen [2]. Its active ingredients include diterpenoids and phenolic compounds: Tanshinone IIA (TSN), Tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, Danshensu etc. Liposoluble TSN can be modified into water-soluble sodium TSN sulfonate (STS), which is used in clinics for coronary heart diseases [2]. Evidence shows that Danshensu, the other phenolic component in Danshen, protects against liver injury and hepatic fibrosis [2,5]. It is intriguing to examine if TSN, which has a structure similar to Danshensu, is protective against liver injury and could be a potential therapeutic drug for clinics. Liver injury is found in a variety of liver diseases. Immune-mediated liver injury is often observed when autoreactive T-cells destroy hepatocytes or cholangiocytes


This study has made photographing respectively by changing the photographic distance, converging angle, picturing direction by use of Rollei d7 metric and d7 that is a measurement digital camera. And also in order to minimize the errors happened at the relative orientation, we have sorted out the round target that the relative orientation is automatically on the programming and have calculated RMSE by carrying out the bundle adjustment. We think that such a study could be used as very important basic data necessary in deriving the optimal photographic conditions by the close-range digital photogrammetry and in judging such a degree.


The paper focuses on the question "What research approach is effective in building trust with minority farmers?" The question is answered through a documentation of researchers' experiences building trust and collaboration with minority farmers in the lower Mississippi Delta. The researchers applied two research paradigms -logical positivism and paradigm of praxis. The logical positivism research approach was met with mistrust and open animosity and had to be abandoned for one based on the paradigm of praxis. Through this approach, and cognizant of the historical-social-political context, the researchers included insiders from the focus population as collaborators and researchers and succeeded in gaining the farmers' trust.


In this paper we analyzed the impact of using of water and salt like а helpful in improving the symptoms of stomach pain. 416 patients (male, 74.1%; mean, 41.7 years old) with stomach pain were randomly allocated to two groups. For six weeks, investigated group of patients, 208 patients ingested at least 2 liters per day of water and 1 gram of salt, while the control group of patents, 208 patients ingested only water. Stomach pain scores (quality-of-life, abdominal pain/discomfort) were assessed before and after treatment via questionnaires. In our investigations exist statistically significant correlation between stomach pain and using of salt and water like a therapy for stomach pain (c2=1.981; p>0.05). 200 patients with salt and water therapy did not have stomach pain one hour after therapy or 96.2% and 189 patients who took only water, had stomach pain and one hour after therapy with water every time in six weeks or 90.9%. In our research exist a statistically significant relationship between stomach pain after therapy with salt and water and male gender (c2=31.482; p<0.01). Of the total 8 patients with stomach pain after using therapy with salt and water, 6 patients were male or 72.5%, while only 2 patients were female or 27.5%.


Litter that accumulates in the marine environment is recognized as a global environmental problem with numerous adverse effects. Despite Greece having more than 16,000 km of coastline, studies on litter composition and sources on its beaches are scarce and fragmentary. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify beach-stranded litter by type of material (plastic, glass, paper, aluminum, other metals, building materials, rope) on 80 Greek beaches, and to explore the relationships between different litter materials and marine- and land-based sources. Field work and data collection were accomplished with the participation of 10,938 and 15,748 volunteers in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and were integrated in the nationwide campaign of voluntary beach clean-ups: "Clean up the Med." The participation of thousands of volunteers of different ages and social backgrounds in the data collection process not only led to the realization of a national level survey, but also played a significant role in raising public awareness on marine environmental issues, and in promoting a sense of responsibility in protecting marine resources. Plastic was the most abundant litter material found on the surveyed beaches (43–51%), followed by paper (13–18%) and aluminum (7–12%). Onshore and nearshore recreational activities, such as bathing and recreational boating, appeared to be the most dominant litter sources, as they affect the majority (56) of the surveyed beaches, suggesting that environmental education and awareness could reduce the beach-litter pollution problem. Navigation seemed to be the dominant source of marine-based litter, affecting more than half (46) of the surveyed beaches.


Abstract The theory proposes a nonconscious mechanism that uses stored information (motor memory) to channel existing nervous impulses from brain waves and general afferent stimuli into the appropriate neuromotor coordination centers, subcenters, and efferent nerves, thus causing the desired movement. A consequent hypothesis requires that the simple reaction time will become longer when the response movement is required to be of greater complexity. Data obtained on college men and women, and 12- and 8-year-old boys, are in agreement with the hypothesis. Replacing a very simple finger movement with an arm movement of moderate complexity slows the reaction by about 20 percent; additional complexity produces a further slowing of 7 percent. The speed of the arm movement is considerably faster in college men than in younger boys or in college women. The correlation between reaction time and speed of movement averages approximately zero. Individual differences in ability to make a fast arm movement are about 70...


Aim. Translation of experimental data on cardiac macrophages populations in postinfarction cardiac regeneration, into clinical practice. Material and methods. In the study, 41 patients included, with fatal myocardial infarction (MI) type 1. All patients were selected to 4 groups according to fatal outcome timing. Together with routine pathohistology, immune histochemistry was done, on macrophageal infiltration. As the markers of macrophagal line we used CD68; stabilin-1 was used for M2 macrophages. Results. The amount of CD68+ and stabilin-1+ macrophages in infarction zone increased and reached the peak in regeneratory phase, and did not decline at later stage. In peri-infarction area the amount of CD68+ macrophages increased during inflammatory phase, reached peak at reparation phase and did not change anymore either. By the results of multiple regression, the model was proposed, showing interrelations between the grade of macrophage infiltration and clinical markers of MI course. Conclusion. Our study translates experimental results on cardiac macrophages subpopulations in postinfarction cardiac regeneration into clinical area. We observed a biphasic response of cardiac macrophages on acute ischemia, similar of that in mice. The grade stabilin-1+ macrophagal infiltration intensity increased at regeneration phase. There was significant strong positive correlation of the numbers of stabilin1+ macrophages and MI course phase, that underlies potential application of stabilin-1 as diagnostic biomarker of M2 macrophages in MI patients.


A new SPICE based dose rate model is proposed for SOI MOSFETs, which accounts for collections of excess carriers by both source/body and drain/body junctions. It is also identified that the parasitic bipolar transistor does not play a significant role within the range of dose rate of interest. An implementation method for circuit level simulation is described. The validity of this model has been verified by test results.


An analysis of SS/TDMA steady-state synchronization is presented, in which the need for reliable sync maintenance during periods of deep signal fades, beyond the point of communications outage, is considered. The time required for sync-maintenance measurements, together with impact on guard time requirements, will lead to degradation of SS/TDMA transmission efficiency. The need to ensure a sufficiently low rate of occurence of errors in the syncmaintenance measurements also impacts transmission efficiency. A generalized formulation relating the degree of immunity to signal fading, degradation in transmission efficiency, and rate of occurrence of measurement errors is developed. Numerical results are obtained for a typical satellite communications system of current interest. It is shown that sync-maintenance systems can be designed to operate reliably during severe signal fades, orders of magnitude beyond the point of communication outage, at the expense of minimal degradation of transmission efficiency. For this level of performance it is shown that, with proper choice of parameters, virtually error-free syncmaintenance operation can be achieved. Numerical values of typical design parameters are presented.


The interest in the use of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological pest control agents has increased exponentially over the past decades. A hundred different laboratories explore these nematodes and their bacterial symbionts in more than 60 countries from every inhabited continent. Despite research breadth that extends from molecular biology to field ecology, the discipline is unified by common interest in biological control. Thirty years ago, the idea of using nematodes to control pest populations was vague promise held by the handful of researchers working with these obscure insect parasites. Today, they are no longer a laboratory curiosity but have begun to gain acceptance as environmentally benign alternatives to chemical insecticides. The entomopathogenic nematodes have proven particularly successful and are now commercially mass-produced in six of the seven continents to treat pest problems in agriculture, horticulture and human husbandry. The ease of mass production and exemption from registration requirenments are the two major reasons for early interest in the commercial developments of entomopathogenic nematodes. However, demonstrations of practical use, particularly in Europe and North America and subsuquently in Japan, China and Australia, spurred developments across the world that have led to the availability of nematodes against pests that were once thought impossible to control. Studies of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are nonetheless in many countries of the world limited to laboratory work. The reason for this lies in the fact that nematodes are in such areas still regarded as the so-called alien species, since their presence has not been confirmed in natural environment. The first studies of EPNs in Slovenia began within the project L4-6477-0481-04 in 2004. In Slovenia the Rules on biological plant protection (2006) prohibit introduction of alien species into natural environment. Since until 2007 EPNs were in Slovenia considered as foreign species, all studies had been limited to laboratory experiments. Because we wanted to implement their use in food production in Slovenia, we decided to study the presence of EPNs also in our soil. After discovering these biological agents, Slovenia became one of the countries where the use of nematodes as means of biological protection is sanctioned by law also for outdoors application.


Throughout recent history numerous changes have been made to the modern bicycle helmet and the laws surrounding this protective equipment. This study develops a recyclable disposable helmet design which can be implemented into a bicycle sharing scheme, (Brisbane's City Cycle). The helmets requirements are for it to be produced with only recyclable material and manufactured in a moderate amount of time at a low cost. The main scope of the following study is to select and verify a possible material, test the impact energy absorption and load distribution of the material in the form of a helmet. The tests conducted were in accordance with the Australian New Zealand standards AS/NZS 2063:2008.

The investigation includes, current research and implementation of recyclable materials and leads into the analysis of conceptual designs for the helmet. Material analysis has been undertaken with samples of the desired material manufactured and tested to compare with the most common materials currently used. The testing of the final helmet design is then analysed with the outcome and future work for the project discussed.


The interaction between magnetic and electron temperature effects is analyzed in the simplest nontrivial case of fast magnetohydrodynamic shock waves in a slightly ionized plasma. This interaction occurs because the magnetic structure and the associated Joule heating are dependent on the variation of electrical conductivity; the latter is affected by the electron temperature structure which depends in turn on the amount of Joule heating in the magnetic layer. The ionization is assumed to be frozen and so slight that the heavy particle structure (including a viscous subshock) is independent of that of the electrons. For negligible Hall currents a nonuniform coordinate stretching formally decouples the magnetic equation from the electron temperature system; the resulting two‐point boundary‐value problem is solved by matching asymptotic expansions in the outer magnetic layer and intermediate thermal layer when the respective length scales differ by a factor of about 3. The fine structure of the inner subshoc...


The Multiple Assay Dual Analysis Measurement (MADAM) system is a combined low-level and transuranic waste assay system. The system integrates commercially available Segmented Gamma Scanner (SGS) capability with a multienergy x-ray and gamma-ray analysis to measure these two waste forms. In addition, the system incorporates a small neutron slab detector to satisfy safeguards concerns and the capability for automated high-resolution gamma-ray analysis for isotope identification. Since delivery of the system to this facility, an evaluation of the waste measurement characteristics of the system has been conducted. A set of specially constructed NIST-traceable standards was fabricated for calibration and evaluation of the low-level waste (LLW) measurement system. The measurement characteristics of the LLW assay system were determined during the evaluation, including detection limits for all isotopes of interest, matrix attenuation effects, and detector response as a function of source position. Based on these studies, several modifications to the existing analysis algorithms have been performed, new correction factors for matrix attenuation have been devised, and measurement error estimates have been calculated and incorporated into the software.


.........................................................................................................9 Introduction .............................................................................................. 10 Literature Review .................................................................................... 15 Preservation Issues ................................................................................. 18 The Foundation of Preservation Theories ............................................ 18 Preservation in the United States ............................................................ 20 More Destructive than the Weather of Time ...................................... 22 Penn Central Transportation Co. versus New York City ............... 25 Current Condition .......................................................................................... 30 Annexation: A Historical Evolution in Museums ....................... 36 Pre Museums: a Culture of Growth and Evolution ............................ 36 The History of Museums ................................................................................. 38 Adaptation and Growth in Museums ........................................................ 39 Moving On In .............................................................................................................................. 40 Alternative Spaces .................................................................................................................... 41 Hybrid Architecture ................................................................................................................. 43 Cultural Urbanism .................................................................................. 45 Bilbao Effect ...................................................................................................... 45 Policies ................................................................................................................. 49 Dianna Wallis | ARCH 588 | 12/07/12 5 Case Studies ................................................................................................. 52 LOUVRE .................................................................................................................. 54 History of the Building's Evolutions ................................................................................. 54 Site and Surrounding Context .............................................................................................. 58 Growth and Preservation Strategies ................................................................................. 58 Observations ............................................................................................................................... 59 Jewish Museum Berlin .................................................................................... 62 History of the Building's Evolution ................................................................................... 62 Site and Surrounding Context .............................................................................................. 63 Growth and Preservation Strategies ................................................................................. 64 Observations ............................................................................................................................... 65 Tate Modern ....................................................................................................... 70 History of the Building's Evolutions ................................................................................. 70 Site and Surrounding Context .............................................................................................. 70 Growth and Preservation Strategies ................................................................................. 71 Observations ............................................................................................................................... 72 Contemporary Jewish Museum ................................................................... 76 History of the Building's Evolutions ................................................................................. 76 Site and Surrounding Context .............................................................................................. 77 Dianna Wallis | ARCH 588 | 12/07/12 6 Growth and Preservation Strategies ................................................................................. 77 Observations ............................................................................................................................... 79 CaixaForum .......................................................................................................... 83 History of the Building's Evolutions ................................................................................. 83 Site and Surrounding Context .............................................................................................. 84 Growth and Preservation Strategies ................................................................................. 84 Observations ............................................................................................................................... 85 Moritzburg Museum Extension .................................................................. 90 History of the Building's Evolutions ................................................................................. 90 Site and Surrounding Context .............................................................................................. 91 Growth and Preservation Strategies ................................................................................. 92 Observations ............................................................................................................................... 93 Ago .........................................................................................................................100 History of the Building's Evolutions ...............................................................................100 Site and Surrounding Context ............................................................................................103 Growth and Preservation Strategies ...............................................................................103 Observations .............................................................................................................................105 The Rom ...............................................................................................................115 History of the Building's Evolutions ...............................................................................115


In our everyday lives, we pursue different goals that apply in both our professional and private context. These goals can be short-term or long-term, and can be extensive, difficult or complex. Goals can be specified or instructed by others (e.g., a supervisor), or by ourselves (e.g., a hobby). Some examples of goals in a professional context are successfully completing a project, selecting and introducing a new software product to support the marketing business, learning a programming language, or writing a publication in an academic field. Some examples of goals in our private context are purchasing a new digital camera, constructing a house, or restoring a classic automobile.

Goals (sometimes also called objectives) describe a desired state in an abstract way. Abstract means that the details are not taken into account and the way the goal can be achieved is not defined. However, in order to achieve it, it is normally necessary to complete certain tasks. For example, a possible task for restoring a classic automobile can be the replacement of the transmission. Such a task is extensive and to a certain extent complex. This task can also be subdivided into individual sub-tasks such as draining the transmission oil. Like that, the work on tasks requires a certain knowledge by the person. If this knowledge exists, the task can be processed and completed. However, if this knowledge does not exist, a problem situation occurs that will generate an information need which, in turn, will lead to information search. Thus, tasks are the key in information search and therefore tasks need special attention when considering information seeking and retrieval support.

In gathering information, the Web has become an essential component. The amount of information that is available seems to be infinite and access to this information allows the problems to be solved easily. A web browser allows users to navigate web pages and extract the information that is required. Additionally, web search engines offer services that allow people to search for certain web pages. The relevance of a web page is determined by the contents of the page compared with the terms of the search query. However, popular search engines are still very specialized in fact-finding, which defines the process of finding specific pieces of information such as a name, a date, or an explanation. Fact-finding is done, when a person already has a certain knowledge but misses some pieces of the puzzle. On the other hand, in comprehensive or complex work situations the information need is much bigger. Here, fact-finding is only one search activity that is being done. Especially in the beginning of complex work tasks, required knowledge does not exist and many components are unclear, ambiguous, or only roughly understood. This normally results in explorative activities where the intention is to build connections to the existing knowledge and to understand the overall problem. In such situations, often feelings like uncertainty exist and people might not be able to formulate their queries or evaluate the received results very well.

On the other hand, comprehensive tasks like information exploration tasks take much more time than fact searches. These can sometimes last days, weeks or months. If these tasks are information-intensive, the process of information seeking and searching runs over several sessions. Such tasks are likely to get interrupted by other goals and tasks that have a higher priority. Therefore, it is important that a task performer has the ability to store relevant data such as past activities and is able to seamlessly resume it without losing too much time in restoring the previous state or finding already retrieved information objects.

Although tasks are a key factor for information need, they are still not sufficiently addressed by today's retrieval solutions. With focus on web retrieval, complex work tasks are missing support functions by both web browsers and web page providers. One of the main reasons, therefore, is that neither the browser nor the web page have the necessary awareness about the user's goal or task at hand. Though web pages and search engines are able to gain valuable insights by tracking the user behavior, this data can be misleading or inaccurate and may not reflect the overall intention. When people have to switch between different goals or tasks, the situation changes and information that was relevant before is irrelevant now. Moreover, tracking user behavior depends on user interactions and the data can only be used reactively, like for instance when showing recommendations based on past activities. In addition, web browser development also hasn't made significant progress in supporting work tasks. Especially when users want to resume an interrupted task and have to restore the last state of a previous session. Although browsers have features such as bookmarks or browsing history, several studies have shown that these functions are not useful and that users need extended support functions to efficiently continue working on interrupted tasks.

Within the scope of this thesis, the problem described above is summarized and examined more closely. On the one hand, the basic research activities in the field of task-related information searches are reviewed and the related work is analyzed. In contrast to this, the open challenges are derived and translated into appropriate concepts and methods to support multiple goals that contain long-term and complex work tasks. This support, on the one hand, focuses on the provision of situationally appropriate content and, on the other hand, a simplified and efficient resume of interrupted tasks. The concepts and mechanisms developed within this thesis are to be finally implemented by the development of suitable prototypes and evaluated regarding their usability and usefulness.


Our Working Group studies massive, luminous stars, with historical focus on early-type (OB) stars, but extending in recent years to include massive red supergiants that evolve from hot stars. There is also emphasis on the role of massive stars in other branches of astrophysics, particularly regarding starburst galaxies, the first stars, core-collapse gamma-ray bursts, and formation of massive stars.


Studies of competition between synthetic strains of T. castaneum (CS) and T. confusum (CF) in corn alone and corn supplemented by yeast reveal that under the temperature and humidity conditions of the experiment CS eliminates CF in both media. While the surviving population of CS remains at a high level in corn when supplemented by yeast, it declines in number when kept in corn alone. Suspicions that this decline results from nutritional deficiencies in the case of T. castaneum are confirmed by experiments in which the two species reared in corn are fed eggs of the other species, and others in which T. castaneum reared in corn or corn with yeast is supplied pupae of T. confusum. It is concluded that these nutritional deficiencies lead T. castaneum to practice xenocide. Since in this way T. castaneum is eliminating the more efficient vehicle of conversion of corn into nutritional requirements essential to it, T. castaneum is also practicing unwitting near-suicide.


In order to explore an efficient way to open, interlink and interoperate multilingual data internationally, this paper firstly gives a conceptual analysis of open data, linked data and knowledge organization system (KOS). The architecture and key technologies for semantically processing and opening Chinese agricultural literature data as RESTful API are illustrated. Finally, the open API is integrated with AGRIS of FAO to interlink and mashup multilin-gual agricultural data semantically based on KOSs (the Chinese Agricultural Thesaurus and AGROVOC and their mappings). The results show it is helpful for different language-background people to discover international multilingual resources easily and efficiently.


For the large-scale infrared detector with high frame rate generates the infrared images of large data with the requirements of high-speed transmission and real-time processing,a high performance infrared image real-time processing system is proposed in this paper.The system is designed with the framework of CPCI which has the characteristics of high-speed transmission,good scalability,reliability and stability.The high-speed signal processing platform FPGA and DSP are used in this system to complete the functions of high-speed transmission of the infrared images of large data,real-time processing,information fusion,target detecting and target tracking.The framework of the system is simple,flexible and scalable.This system fully combines the advantages of different processors and has the features of high processing capability,high-speed data transmission,reliable and convenient interface and flexible programming.At present,the system has been applied in the project and can meet the requirement of the infrared images of large data real-time processing.