The mathematical description of nonlocal interactions of particles of the continuum has a number of features. It is of practical importance to take into account those features that make it possible in principle to simultaneously describe in the local (weakly local) approximation two effects observed in elastic materials - the appearance of a boundary layer in the vicinity of the free surface and the nonlinearity of the dispersion law of high- frequency acoustic waves. These effects are explainable from the point of view of solid state physics, which takes into account the discrete atomic structure and interatomic potential interactions occurring at finite distances, but within theframework of one model they are not considered in the mechanics of continuous media. This paper shows the fundamental possibility of implementing such a description within the framework of one model.


Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are currently considered a viable solution for fossil fuel saving and pollutant emissions reduction in transportation sector. The typical HEV configuration contains a reciprocating internal combustion engine – gasoline or diesel. Aiming to increase performance and reduce pollution, a study on performance, size and mass of a HEV configuration with micro gas and steam turbine was developed. The proposed system generates 100 kW output power and operates with compressed natural gas (CNG hybrid technology), which is a fuel more environmentally friendly than gasoline or diesel. The study revealed that analysed system performs better than most advanced equivalent ICE engines while its size and mass fit into the bodywork of a car. A solution for arrangement of the system components in the case of a car is also presented.


The transport characteristics of iron nanoparticles prepared with a green tea, polyphenol-rich solution, were investigated for two granular media, pure silica sand and sand coated with aluminium hydroxide. The GT-nZVI injection caused a sharp decrease in the effluent pH and increase in the redox potential, which is attributed to the presence of free Fe 3+ and polyphenols in the suspension, respectively. The breakthrough curves for total Fe in the outflow indicated that some aggregation and deposition of nanoparticles occurred in both types of sand. However, the majority of the iron mass was detected in the outflow (73 % in the uncoated and 62 % in the coated sand), indicating good transport of the nanoparticles. XRF results indicated that no iron was retained on the Al-coated sand particles, while 4 % of the injected Fe was deposited on the pure silica particles. This behaviour is attributed to the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged nanoparticles and the positively charged Alcoatings vs. negatively charged silica in the pH range of the experiments. The "missing" iron in the Alcoated sand columns was observed as a reddish brown precipitate in the 0.7 μm filter that was placed in the outflow of the columns; thus, increased agglomeration was observed compared to the pure silica sand columns. This study shows that soil geochemistry can have a significant effect on the transport characteristics of nanoparticles in porous media.


【Objective】 A model of cold ischemia reperfusion injury of rat liver with portal-cervical bypass established in this experiment to compare different effect on rats function between the group of portal-cervical bypass and that of interruption of portal vein,which provides a reference for clinical operation manner to reduce cold ischemia reperfusion injury in liver transplantation.【Methods】 A model of cold ischemia reperfusion injury of rat liver with portal-cervical bypass established in this experiment to compare different effect on rats function between the group of portal-cervical bypass and that of interruption of portal vein.【Results】 Rats without obvious congestion of vein system and the liver color recover soon with renew blood supply in bypass group.Whereas,that with marked congestion of gastrointestines and spleen had poor spirit,longer recovery in portal vein interrupted group.In addition,the ALT,AST level in the interrupted animals was significantly more than that of in the bypass one in the time-point of 1 h,6 h,24 h,3 d(P 0.05).Contrast to the group of portal-cervical bypass,the hepatic cells in the interrupted group with partially destroyed hepatic lobule structure appeared extensive denaturalization and necrosis after the same time of operation,and these more severe pathological changes alleviate and recover after 24 h,3 d and 7 d respectively.【Conclusion】 The current results show that employing portocaval shunt method may reduce the congestion of gastrointestines and spleen,promote recovery of structure and function of rat liver after ischemia reperfusion.


Type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is an autoimmune experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis. Susceptibility to CIA is associated with certain major histocompatibility complex class II haplotypes. The two very closely related haplotypes H-2q and H-2P differ in susceptibility to CIA. Only mice of H-2q (DBA/1, B1OG strains) but not mice of H-2P-expressing strains (like strain BlOP) develop CIA and an autoimmune response to type II collagen (CII) after immunization with CII. In contrast to H-2P, the H-2q haplotype does not express I-E molecules. The purpose ofthe present study was to identify, at the molecular level, the structures on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules determining susceptibility to CIA and CII responsiveness. We first excluded the possible suppressive involvement of EP or AP molecules by showing that F1 hybrids between H-2P and H-2q haplotype strains, expressing EP and AP, are responders to CII and fully susceptible to CIA. Secondly, because Aa chains appear identical, we sequenced the A ru-st-domain exons of p and q allotypes and found only four diverging amino acids in the predicted amino acid sequence. These variable residues were closely located at positions 85, 86,'88, and 89 at the end of the postulated ai-helix, which is of importance for interactions with the antigenic peptide and the T-cell receptor. We suggest that this region is a critical major histocompatibility complex restriction site for CIA and CU responsiveness in H-2q mice as compared with H-2P mice. The CIA will now be an excellent autoimmune model for studies on interactions between autoantigenic peptide, autoreactive T cells, and a particular major histocompatibility complex molecule, as has been postulated to be the initial event also in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunization with type II collagen (CII) in mice, rats, and apes induces an autoimmune disease, with chronic and progressive development of arthritis, called the type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which is widely used as a model for studies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1-6). There are several similarities between RA and CIA. (i) A similar histopathology ofthe joints develops with occurrence ofboth marginal erosions and pannus formation as well as massive polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in acute lesions and edema formation in the synovium (3, 5, 7-9). (ii) Autoimmune reactions to both CII and IgG (rheumatoid factors) occur in both diseases (10-15). (iii) Susceptibility to both RA and CIA is sex-linked and is similarly influenced by female sex hormones and pregnancy (16-19). (iv) Both CIA and RA are influenced by genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (8, 20-23). In the mouse, the susceptibility to arthritis after immunization with heterologous CII is restricted to the H-2q and H-2r haplotypes. With recombinant strains the susceptibility in the H-2q haplotype has been mapped to the I-A locus in the MHC class II region (8). We have investigated the MHC restriction of the autoimmune response and development of arthritis after immunization not only with heterologous but also with autologous CII (20, 21). Immunization with autologous CII led to development of arthritis and/or anti-CII autoantibodies only in H-2r, H-2q, H-2w3, and H-2wl7 haplotype-carrying strains. The latter two haplotypes are derived from wild mice and are closely related to H-2q (24-27). Immunization with various heterologous CII induced more severe arthritis in strains with H-2q and H-2r haplotypes and, in addition, induced an anti-CII autoantibody response but no arthritis in some strains with other haplotypes (20, 21). These findings suggest that the induction of arthritis was critically dependent on activation of autoreactive T cells, but that activation of T cells reactive with heterologous CII may enhance the severity and elevate the autoantibody response to CII. Furthermore, we found that BlOP (H-2P) mice responded to neither autologous nor heterologous CII in contrast to H-2 congenic BlOG (H-2q) mice and other mice of the H-2q haplotype. The difference in susceptibility to CIA between the H-2q haplotype and the H-2P haplotype is of particular interest because these haplotypes are closely related -(24-27). TheAe and Aq molecules have been grouped into the same family by tryptic fingerprint analysis (24, 27). As for I-E molecules only EP is expressed, whereas Eq is not expressed due to sequence abnormalities leading to defective RNA splicing of both Ea and En mRNA (28, 29). The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relative importance of A and E class II molecules and to determine the molecular basis for the observed association of CIA and CII autoimmunity with the MHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice. DBA/1 and BlOG mice, originally obtained from The Jackson Laboratory, and BlOP mice, originally obtained from J. Klein (Tubingen, F.R.G.), were kept and bred in the animal unit at the Biomedical Center (Uppsala). Mice were used at an age of 8-10 weeks and age-matched in all experiments. Collagens. Mouse CII from xiphoid cartilage and rat CII from a rat chondrosarcoma (30) were solubilized by pepsin digestion and subsequently purified as described by Miller (31). The collagens were stored lyophilized and dissolved in 0.1 M acetic acid before use. Animal Experiments. Rat CII dissolved in 0.1 M acetic acid at a concentration of 1 mg/ml was emulsified in an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant (Difco) at 40C, and 50 Abbreviations: MHC, major histocompatibility complex; CIA, type II collagen-induced arthritis; CII, type II collagen; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RA, rheumatoid arthritis. tTo whom reprint requests should be addressed. 9475 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 9476 Immunology: Holmdahl et al. ,ul ofthis emulsion was injected intradermally around the root of the tail. The clinical severity of arthritis was quantified according to a graded scale as described (3); 1 point = detectable swelling in one joint, 2 points = swelling in more than one but not all joints, 3 points = severe swelling of the entire paw and/or ankylosis. Each paw was graded, so each mouse could achieve a maximum score of 12 points. The mice were bled by retroorbital puncture, and the sera were stored at -70'C until used. The quantification of anti-CII reactive autoantibodies in sera was performed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using mouse CII on the solid phase as described in detail (20). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Analysis and DNA Sequencing. Genomic DNA samples from BlOG and BlOP strains were prepared from liver tissue according to the following procedure: Liver tissue was ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen. The cell powder was then mixed with 40 ml of lysis buffer (1% Triton X-100 in 0.32 M sucrose/1 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.5/5 mM MgCl2). The mixture was centrifuged at 1500 x g for 10 min at 4°C. The pellet was resuspended in 10mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0/400mM NaCl/2 mM EDTA/0.5% SDS/proteinase K at 0.2 mg/ml and incubated at 37°C overnight. Protein contaminants were removed by precipitation with a saturated NaCl solution (32). DNA was then recovered by ethanol precipitation. Four primers for PCR analysis were synthesized on an Applied Biosystems 380A oligonucleotide synthesizer; LA1, 5'-ATAGGATCCTGACCGCGTCCGTCCGCAG-3'; LA2, 5'-GAGAATTCACCAAGCCGCCGCAGGGA-3'; LA3, 5'GCGGATCCACCAACGGGACGCA-3'; LA4, 5'ACGAATTCCTCCCGGTTGTAGATGT-3'. The PCR was carried out with 2.5 units of thermostable Thermus aquaticus (Taq) polymerase (Perkin-Elmer/Cetus) according to the manufacturer's recommendation in a final volume of 50 ,1.. Analysis was done with 1 ,ug of genomic DNA and oligonucleotide primers at a concentration of 1 ,uM. Denaturation occurred at 93°C for 30 sec, hybridizing at 55°C for 1 min, and extension at 72°C for 2 min. Single-stranded DNA for direct sequencing was generated by asymmetric PCR by using one ofthe primers at a concentration of 1 ,uM and the other at 0.02 ,uM (33). DNA sequencing was then performed with the latter primer by using the dideoxy chain-termination method with [a-35S]dATP and the modified phage T7 DNA polymerase (United States Biochemical) (34).


Recently, researchers have turned their attention to recommender systems that use only minimal necessary data [4, 11]. This trend is informed by the idea that recommender systems should use no more user interactions than are needed in order to provide users with useful recommendations. In this position paper, we make the case for applying the idea of minimal necessary data to recommender systems that use user reviews. We argue that the content of individual user reviews should be subject to minimization. Specifically, reviews used as training data to generate recommendations or reviews used to help users decide on purchases or consumption should be automatically edited to contain only the information that is needed. The motivation for review minimization comes from large amount of personal information that users include in their reviews. Table 1 presents an example review from an Amazon data set [8]. The review contains multiple terms that disclose personal information about the person writing the review. The terms are listed at the bottom of the table along with the category of personal information that they reveal. Note that such information is privacy sensitive or potentially privacy sensitive. In large enough quantities, the information could possibly deanonymize a reviewer, who writes multiple reviews.


This paper aims at identifying the effectiveness of using the SCAMPER model in developing translation and raising the attitudes towards adaptation among major students in the faculty of education, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. It tries to answer the following questions: To what extent would using the SCAMPER model raise translation skills among major students in the faculty of education – Majmaah University .the the second question is To what extent would using SCAMPER model raise the attitudes towards translation among major students.To accomplish the purpose of the study, the researcher showed the experimental group with a sample involved (40) students for the SCAMPER Model in the first term of the school year 2018-2019. The researcher used (pre -post & delayed) translation test, a scale of students' attitudes towards translation to collect data. The study's results suggested that there were statistically important differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the whole mean grade in the pre post translation test to the group in favor of posttest. Also, there were statistically important differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the whole mean grade in the pre-post scale of students attitudes towards translation to the group in favor of post implication. Also, the researcher recognized these differences in using the SCAMPER Model in teaching English language translation. In light of these outcomes, the study suggested the necessity of applying the SCAMPER Model in teaching the English language to get better results in students' translation learning and retention in English as a foreign language. Similarly, the SCAMPER Model would be used with other English skills and sub-skills.


The Parvati Aranga wildlife sanctuary and adjoining Tikri reserve forest in northeastern Terai region of Uttar Pradesh with its varied ecological habitats and occurrence of patchy wetlands in form of 'River' and 'Tals' sustains a variety of plant communities. The area also harbours a rich diversity of economical and medicinal plant species, mainly confined to the peripheral region of the forest. A large component of the forest is occupied by diverse forest stands and a number of special habitats portray remarkable vegetational diversity. The present communication reveals that the plant community with special habitat especially in protected and reserve forest area may plays a vital role in the future sustenance of the forest vegetation. Rarity and regeneration pattern of the flora is also discussed.


The relevance of the analyzed issue is caused by the need to internalize environmental externalities in the modern world. The purpose of the article is to examine the issue of financial support of the green economy using the example of the regions included in the Volga Federal District (VFD). The leading methods to the study of this issue is a comparative analysis of environmental taxes and charges in Russia and countries of the European Union (EU) and the analysis of environmental problems in the regions of the Volga Federal District, which allow identifying the shortcomings of the existing environmental payment system and proposing measures to modernize the system of financial support of the green economy. The key shortcomings of the existing environmental payment system: low rates of environmental payments; the inappropriate use of funds received from environmental payments; concentration of 97% of revenues from environmental payments in the federal budget. The contents of the article may be helpful for public authorities of general and special competence to develop the principal directions of environmental policy and plan activities aimed at improving the green economy. OPEN ACCESS 2 N. V. SHEKHOVA ET AL. researched ecological aspects of a sustainable development; S.N. Bobylev, O.V. Kudryavtseva & Ye. Yu. Yakovleva (2015), N.V. Khilchenko & T.M. Kudryavtseva (2012), V.M. Razumovsky (2003) researched mutual problems of environmental management economy, environmental protection and ecological management. Now the solution of practical tasks of ecological externality internalization is complicated by the fact that there are no effective tools of externalities regulation. Today fiscal tools of internalization namely ecological payments are used in most cases, but this system has a number of drawbacks that significantly limit their effective application. Also externalities regulation is complicated by essential territorial distinctions of the regions in an ecological situation. In this regard externalities internalization can be implemented only at the regional level in spite of the fact that the problem of externalities management cannot be solved without the development of corresponding federal economic and legal tools. Application of internalization methods at the regional level is caused by a problem of using ecological territory capacity. At the regional level special ecological situation is formed under the influence of various endogenous and exogenous factors, its research and control can be carried out effectively only taking into account ecological situations in the neighboring regions and general global technogenic background. Regional features of technogenic impact on the environment and expenses on the compensation of ecological damage have to be studied as the fact that technogenesis influence on the conditions of environmental management is extremely big. At the regional level the ecological situation is getting critical. To take emergency measures on the restoration of environmental ecological properties financial resources are needed. Therefore within this article it is offered to improve the system of expenses on environmental protection and to create ecological funds at the regional level.


During the 1920s and 1930s, the autonomous Jewish municipality of Tel Aviv received constant requests, demands and complaints about the city's street names. Archival documents and other historical sources indicate popular involvement in the process of naming and renaming the streets of the 'First Hebrew City', as various urban segments, organisations, firms and individuals tried to express particular priorities and values within the comprehensive Zionist ideal. Rather than being imposed by municipal institutions upon a passive public, the hegemonic messages conveyed in Tel Aviv street names were negotiated and confirmed in a vivid dialogue.


Clo';tridial infections of wounds can be divided into three categories : (I) cellulitis, (2) localized wound infection, or "Welch abscess" and (3) fUlminating gas gangrene (Wilson, 1960: Gye, Rountree and Loewenthal, 1961). The severer forms of clostridial infection are セ ウ オ 。 ャ ャ ケ a consequence of considerable trauma Involving muscle damage, surgery to the bowel, or surgery to ischaemic legs, (Wilson 1960;Gye et al., 1961; Bornstein et al., 1964; Parker, 1969; Roding, Groeneveld and Boermema, 1972).Very infrequently such cases arise from relatively セ ゥ ョ ッ イ wounds , injections, varicose ulcers or Insertions of a Steinman's pin . This case report describes a localized wound infection with CI. welchii, or "Welch abscess" with a lmost complete destruction of tibialis anterior. This resulted from a skin abrasion to the left lower leg, sustained 6 weeks before the pre sentation of the "Welch abscess".


The normative subsurface waste-disposal condition of no hazard to population, coupled with optimum allocation of drilling funds, can be achieved best through search for primary and alternative disposal formations by evaluation of hydrogeologic data on a basinwide scale. Any decision to drill a disposal well in Saskatchewan is made under considerable uncertainty, which is a reflection of the present reconnaissance level of subsurface information. Subsurface disposal of fluid wastes in the Williston basin region is largely restricted to sandstone and carbonate aquifers (Cambrian through Lower Cretaceous) of the Saskatchewan-Manitoba tectonic shelf: (1) oil-field brines (at rates of the order of 15 gpm); (2) waste brines from exploitation of Devonian potash deposits (up to 750 gpm); (3) waste brines from solution mining of LPG-storage caverns in Devonian halite (up to 300 gpm); (4) refinery sour water and spent caustic (up to 20 gpm); and (5) chlor-alkali-plant wastes (up to 15 gpm), partly associated with previously injected herbicide wastes. Hydrogeologic constraints on development of subsurface waste-disposal systems, not related to reservoir quality of disposal formations but likely to influence waste migration, are (1) proximity of the outcrop belt on the north and east, (2) pre-Cretaceous valley systems controlling development of fluvial channels up to the present, (3) sinks formed through localized solution of Paleozoic halite, and (4) positive basement features and related overlying structures. Estimated ultimate capital investments for existing Saskatchewan injection systems range from $20,000 to $100,000 in the oil fields, to more than $300,000 for some potash-brine disposal wells, and are determined largely by depth of disposal formation, drilling technique, and well design. Potash-brine disposal wells in the vicinity of shaft mines include the most costly and refined systems, and involve directional drilling to formations below the potash unit and mud programs employing fluids compatible with evaporite minerals. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1594------------


In this paper, a hand off procedure is proposed which in addition to eliminate the packet loss and reduce the packet delay, it reduces the network overhead. In this method, the future cell is predicted and packets are transmitted to this cell during hand off time. Then mobile host is allowed to handoff to this cell only. We call this procedure, forced handoff. In addition, we propose a simple topology to localize handoffs. S imulation results will evaluate our protocol compare to the previous protocols.


Emily Dickinson ironizes herself in different ways and for different reasons. Self-irony affects her condition as a woman, undervalued in a predominantly patriarchal society, as an incredulous and fearful person, who recognizes the deficiencies and smallness of human beings, and as a poet in face of the precariousness of the linguistic instrument. In this last situation, romantic irony is most evident. Dealing with the great themes she always tackled, such as life, death, faith, and salvation, the self-ironical poems, often of a biographical nature, lead us to an ironical vision of the world based on self-irony.


.................................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Problem formulation .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Purpose and research questions .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Delimitation....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5. Outline of thesis ................................................................................................................................ 6 2. Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Chapter Overview .............................................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Research Approach ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.3. Research Strategy ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.4. Data Collection .................................................................................................................................. 8 2.4.1 Interviews ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 Interview guide ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.4.3 Selection of respondents ................................................................................................................ 10 2.5. Data analysis .................................................................................................................................... 11 2.6. Validity and Reliability .................................................................................................................... 11 2.7. Limitations to the Study ................................................................................................................... 13 3. Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.1. General Perspectives ........................................................................................................................ 14 3.2. Motives for entering foreign markets (Economic vs. Noneconomic) ............................................ 14 3.3. The Entry mode ................................................................................................................................ 15 3.3.1 Definition of Entry mode ............................................................................................................... 15 3.3.2. Classification of Entry modes ....................................................................................................... 15 126.96.36.199. Non-Equity modes ..................................................................................................................... 16 220.127.116.11. Equity Modes ............................................................................................................................. 17 Joint venture ............................................................................................................................................ 17 Wholly owned subsidiary ....................................................................................................................... 18 Mergers/Acquisitions .............................................................................................................................. 18 3.4.2. Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 19 3.5. Challenges in Emerging Markets ..................................................................................................... 19


and political. If you abstract from politics entirely and look for the dynamics of inequality in some supposedly fundamental law of capitalism (such as ''inequality increases when r . g''), you will be disappointed. That conclusion probably will seem congenial to many sociologists; I, for one, am willing to say I believe it. But it only carries us so far. One assumption of Piketty's Capital in the Twenty-First Century was that analysts in pursuit of a long-run theory of inequality could afford to bracket political institutions because, in the sufficiently long run, the politics of redistribution would be endogenous to the degree of inequality: if any society lets a few families get rich enough, those families eventually will be able to bend the political system to their will and buy off, basically, anyone who would challenge them. If we reject that assumption—or at least, if we regard it as an insufficient explanation for fluctuations in the degree of inequality within the range that historical social science has observed hitherto—then it seems fair to ask what alternative assumptions we would put in its place. Grant that the ratio of r to g is not a satisfying explanation for why inequality now rises, now falls. What, then, does explain those movements? Lindert and Williamson conclude their book by suggesting that a lot of it comes down to political will: we could have a more equal economy today, if only we wanted it. ''Improving education, taxing large inheritances, and taming financial instability with regulatory vigilance—the opportunities are there, like hundred-dollar bills lying on the sidewalk,'' they write. ''Of course the fact that they are still lying there testifies to the political difficulty of bending over to pick them up'' (p. 262). Their book doesn't have anything to say about what that ''political difficulty'' is, where it comes from, why it waxes and wanes, or why it might differ from here to there. For answers to questions like these, we need a political sociology of inequality, and, in particular, more comparative historical studies of education, taxation, and regulation, to fill in our understanding of American inequality in the long run.


Daily growth rates and pelagic larval duration were investigated in the common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris). Fish were sampled using a beach seine from the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island, Turkey, between June 2013 and June 2014. The minimum and maximum daily age estimates were 41 and 339 d, respectively. The mean daily growth rate of young-of-the-year D. vulgaris was 0.330 mm·d–1. Our results showed that D. vulgaris exhibits a Type Ia settlement-mark with a pelagic larval duration of 29 d. The hatching period occurred from November to April. The maximum hatching frequencies were observed in winter, when the water temperature was relatively low. The natural logarithm of young-of-the-year abundance data was plotted against age, and the instant mortality coefficients were estimated. The relationships between total length and otolith morphometric measurements (otolith length [OL], width [OW], and radius [OR]) were defined by linear equations. Furthermore, it was observed that this ratio exhibited a linear relationship with OL, OW, and OR and total length and daily age.


Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Realising a vision (1959 - 1967) 2. The expansive years (1968 - 1985) 3. An exacting joy (1986 - 1999) Index


A 3D physical model of an offshore breakwater scheme is to be constructed in the UK Coastal Research Facility at a scale of 1:28. Random, directional sea states and various tidal levels will be generated in the model based on field measurements of specific events. This experiment forms a part of a composite modelling. The paper describes the key aspects of the composite modelling approach with emphasis on the physical model design. Numerical models describing waves and wave induced currents have been used to design the optimum layout. The scaling problems associated with the offshore structures and mobile bed have been also investigated.


This article advances its critique as follows: First, it describes and clarifies the sociopathic nature of person that is taught as science in universities. Second, it argues that the middle-class values of honesty, integrity, and concern for community are essential to a healthy society. Third, it examines the content of current and recent economics texts to document the advocacy of rational self-interest as approved behavior. Fourth, it postulates a cause-and-effect connection between the ascendant theory of purely economically driven person and the bad behavior that led to the recent failure of economic institutions. Fifth, it connects economics and legal education with the predations that logically flow from their flawed theory of person. Sixth, it invokes cognitive science to explain some aspects of human moral and political thought. And seventh, it looks at some practical implications of the theory of virtuous person for both economics and law.


Resumen pt: ....>>>en: This paper aims to analyze the impact of reclassifications trends in credit rating decisions in capital structure of listed non-financial comp...


Abstract Intake of three granular fat supplements, sodium-alginate encapsulated dry tallow, calcium salt of palm oil fatty acids, prilled long-chain fatty acids, and tallow were compared using 209 dairy cattle from four dairy herds. Cows were presented with 454 g of fat for 15 min either alone, top-dressed, mixed with grain, or alone following a 1-wk adaptation to the fat. Intake was qualitatively scored at the end of the 15-min period as 0 = no, 1 = partial, or 2 = total consumption of the 454 g of fat, and when possible, intake was determined quantitatively. When feeding fat alone without prior adaptation, tallow had a greater qualitative intake score than other fats, but the difference between tallow and prilled long chain fatty acids was not significant. Following adaptation, intake of calcium salt of palm oil fatty acids was lower than for other fats, which reflected an inability of cows to adapt to this fat relative to the others. Qualitative intake scores of the three granular fats were similar when they were top-dressed, and intake of encapsulated dry tallow was significantly greater than for tallow. No significant differences in intake among fats were observed when they were presented as part of a grain mix. Relative acceptability of fats varied among herds. To minimize the likelihood of reductions in feed intake when fat is introduced into dairy rations, cows should be adapted to the fat, and if possible, the fat should be diluted with other feed ingredients.


There was a fast increase in the planted area of forest plantations in Brazil in the period from 1966 until the beginning of the 1980s due to governmental fiscal incentives, when management practices were adopted from agriculture, which raised environmental concerns. Research investigation has been conducted in order to better adapt the management of these plantations. However, in the last decade, new societal demands towards the sustainability of short rotation Eucalyptus plantations have arisen. Therefore, the goal of the study was to assess the carbon and energy balance and the release of nutrifying agents to the environment of timber production from a short rotation Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology was applied and the impact categories global warming potential, eutrophication potential and cumulative energy demand were used. The results showed that for each ton of timber delivered at the mill gate, 42.49 kg CO2-eq. was released to the air, 0.240 kg PO43- eq. was released to water and air and 830 MJ-eq. of fossil energy was consumed. The forest process was responsible for 86.2% and 97.5% of global warming potential and eutrophication potential, respectively, whereas the upstream process was responsible for 58.7% of cumulative energy demand. However, the CO2-eq and energy ratios were 43.15 and 23.13, respectively. Moreover, eutrophication seems to be overestimated when compared to studies that measured nutrient leaching in conditions similar to this study. Therefore, short rotation Eucalyptus plantations proved to be sustainable systems to produce timber for several uses in Brazil.


With a wide range of software applications and its size,complexity of the continuous improvement of software security issues become increasingly prominent. Software security testing is to ensure software security and quality,reduce the risk of an important means of software security. This paper describes the concept of software security testing,focusing on software security testing at home and abroad the main methods and tools,the last instance of a SQL injection to specify the implementation of safety testing.


We show that in the presence of a distance dependent Lorentz-violating time-like background one may find superluminal neutrinos at some high energy such as OPERA's scale. The similar behavior but approaching the subluminal branch is found to appear for inflaton field in the low energy scale. Thus this scenario seems to be suitable to acomplish both superluminal neutrinos and dark energy.


HEAVY APPLICATIONS OF SAND-SALT MIXTURES TO HIGHWAYS FOR SNOW AND ICE REMOVAL ARE COMMON IN NEW ENGLAND. THE EFFECTS OF THIS SALT ON THE ENVIRONMENT NEAR THE HIGHWAY WERE STUDIED. THE MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS OF SALTS MAY BE FOUND AT THE SOIL SURFACE AND NEAREST THE HIGHWAY. THE SOIL SALINITY PROBLEM IS MINIMAL FOR SIMILAR FIELD CONDITIONS. THERE IS SOME TENDENCY FOR SALTS TO TRAVEL LATERALLY AWAY FROM THE HIGHWAY, BUT THE MOST PREVALENT MOVEMENT IS DOWNWARD INTO THE SOIL. AS INFILTRATION PROCEEDS, THE SALT CONCENTRATION IS MARKEDLY DECREASED FROM THAT AT THE SURFACE. SALT CONCENTRATIONS DECREASE DURING THE SPRING AND SUMMER, REACHING A LOW LEVEL BEFORE SALT APPLICATIONS ARE RESUMED IN THE WINTER. CHLORIDE MEASUREMENTS ARE GENERALLY PROPORTIONAL TO TOTAL SOLUBLE SALTS MEASUREMENTS. SODIUM ION CONCENTRATIONS, HOWEVER, APPEAR TO ESTABLISH A DIFFERENT PATTERN THAN THE TOTAL SALTS.


Experiments and numerical simulations under stationary and rotating conditions have been conducted to investigate turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of innovative guiding pin fin arrays in a wedge-shaped channel, which models the internal cooling passages for gas turbine blade trailing edge. The Reynolds number range is 10,000-80,000, and the inlet rotation number range is 0-0.46. With the increase of Reynolds numbers, the enhancement of heat transfer performance with guiding pin fin arrays is significantly higher than that with conventional circular pin fin arrays. At the highest Reynolds number of Re=80,000, the overall Nusselt number of the channel with guiding pin fin arrays is about 33.7% higher than that of the channel with circular pin fin arrays under the stationary condition, and is about 23.0% higher than the latter under the rotating conditions. At the highest inlet rotation number of Ro=0.46, the heat transfer difference between the trailing side and leading side of the channel is significantly lower with the guiding pin fin arrays. Both the experiments and numerical simulations indicate that the heat transfer uniformity and enhancement of the channel endwall is significantly improved by the guiding pin fin arrays under stationary and rotating conditions, which provide more reasonable flow distribution in the wedge-shaped channel, and can further produce obviously improved heat transfer in the tip region for the trailing edge internal cooling channel.


The aging process is believed to be closely related to increased oxidative stress. Reactive intermediates of oxidative stress affect the cellular redox status and induce apoptosis [1]. Oxidative stress due to the loss of balance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses affects all the vital organs, resulting in aging [1,2]. Oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunc‐ tion and inflammation underlies many common aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, including AD [2,3]. The major pathological hallmark of AD is the accumulation of Aβ peptides in the brain [4]. Oxidative insults that induce neuronal apoptosis, including agents that induce membrane lipid peroxidation, also have been shown to activate caspases [5]. Increased lipid peroxidation was consistently observed in some animal models of Alzheimer amyloidosis [4, 6]. It has been shown that a single Aβ administration into the rat hippocampus could induce increase of NOS activity and NO level [6]. Nitric oxide is a multifunctional molecule that acts as messenger/modulator in synaptogenesis and potential neurotoxin and is synthesized by three isozymes of Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) [7]. Oxidative stress reflects a situation in which ROS is continuously produced and exceeds the capacity of endogenous antioxidant defense systems. Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress plays a key role in Aβ-mediated neuronal cytotoxicity by triggering or facilitating neurodegeneration through a wide range of molecular events that eventually lead to neuronal cell loss. Aβ significantly increases produc‐ tion and enhances membrane lipid peroxidation, leading to neuronal apoptosis [8,9]. Because multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the AD, it is difficult to find an ideal in vivo model. It is important to determine Aβ 1-42 injection effects especially in hippocampus,


With the popularization of electric vehicles (EVs), EV charging demand is becoming an important load in the building. Considering the mobility of EVs from building to building and their uncertain charging demand, it is of great practical interest to control the EV charging process in a microgrid of buildings to optimize the total operation cost while ensuring transmission security between the microgrid and the main grid. We consider this important problem in this article and make the following contributions. First, we formulate this problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) to capture the uncertain supply and EV charging demand in the microgrid of buildings. Besides reducing the total operation cost of buildings, the model also considers the power exchange limitation to ensure transmission security. Second, this model is reformulated within an event-based optimization (EBO) framework to mitigate the impact of large state and action space. A randomized parametric event-based control policy is proposed for the microgrid controller to determine the charge ratio for each building. Then, a selecting-to-charging principle is implemented for each building controller to determine the charge control of each EV in the building. Third, a constrained gradient-based policy optimization method is developed to find the optimal event-based control policy. Furthermore, an adjustment mechanism is also introduced to ensure transmission security during optimization. Numerical experiments are conducted to analyze the structure and the performance of the event-based control policy for EV charging in a microgrid of three buildings.


[Objective]The research aimed to discuss the optimum preparation conditions of carboxymethyl chitosan-gelatin slow-releasing gel beads for acetamiprid.[Method] With acetamiprid as base materials,with carboxymethyl chitosan-acacia and gelatin as the carrier material,the slow-releasing microspheres containing acetamiprid was prepared by using microsphere method.With the encapsulation rate as reference index,the optimum preparation conditions of slow-releasing microspheres containing acetamiprid were discussed by orthogonal experiment.And the slow-releasing capability of slow-releasing microspheres to acetamiprid was discussed.[Result] The optimum preparation conditions of slow-releasing microspheres containing acetamiprid were as follows: 25 g/L carboxymethyl chitosan,the concentration ratio of carboxymethyl chitosan to acetamiprid of 2∶ 1,the calcium chloride concentration of 1.5%,the glutaraldehyde concentration of 5%.The encapsulation rate of the prepared slow-releasing microspheres containing acetamiprid was 48.56%.It had better slow-releasing performance and the slow-releasing time was over 60 h.[Conclusion] The release of acetamiprid can be controlled by the prepared carboxymethyl chitosan-acacia and gelatin microspheres.


Hebra (1860) entered into a friendly rivalry with the English dermatologist Robert Willan in his classical dissertations on the 'polymorphous erythemata.' Even in these early years dermatological nomenclature had reached a complex state. Hebra comments that ' these various names by no means answer to as many distinct disese, and our object must be to determine which of them apply merely to appearances developed in succession during the course of one and the same disease, and, in reference to this, expeience has taught me that E. papulatum, E. tuberculatum, E. annulare, E. iris, E. gyratum are merely forms of the same disea according to the period of its course; to this malady I shall apply the name E. multiforme.' The phases and trnsitions are clearly described by Hebra and some emphasis is placed upon the regional distribution of the rash, it appearig initially on the dorsm of the hands and feet, being in severe cases more generalized even to include, in exceptional cases, the trunk and face. In Hebra's description E. papulatum represents the lowest and E. gyratum the highest grade in the eruption, and he deprecates the notion that these are different species. Also, E. exudativum multiforme may give rise to tifling subjective disorder, fever being observed only in exceptional cases and in those in which the affection spreads over large tracts of the surface and having a duration of up to four weeks. Hebra agrees with Willan that vesicular forms of the eruption may appear, but he refuses to agree that there is any relation uith Herpes; and he concludes his masterly clinical description in confessing his complete ignorance of the cause ofthese erythemata, although his experience indicated a preponderance of these affections in young persons. It is of some historical interest in this connexion that Hebra (1860) disusses E. epidemicum, aerodynia (which Alibert says prevailed in Paris in 1828), and classifies it as an exudative erythema. Two years later, Bazin (1862) described vesiculo-bullous stomatitis in association with multiform cutaneous lesions. It is evident that in the following years there was much dispute in regard to the clasiftion and etiology of the erythematous dermatoses. We now understand that individual susceptibility and reaction is indicated by a wide variation in clinical response, and this is specially so in the cutaneous and mucosal surfaces, which in their display of colour, form, shape, and distribution rarely fail to demand careful clinical scrutiny. Whilst, therefore, for certain practical reasons, many of the skin reactions aising out of general disease retain their original and historical descriptive names (which may or may not bear any clear relation to the known etiological factors in the particular case), it has not been entirely favourable in general observation in disease. Dermatological aspects have inclined to dominate description or to cause publication of cases of more general interest in relatively isolated and speializd literature. This trend in usi terms according to local signs has undoubtedly led to considerable confusion, and this is specially pointed out by Levy (1947) in his observatims on the ' Stevens-Johnson ' syndrome. In this, a group of signs and symptoms have received widely divergent names according to the viewpoint of the observer, or to certain variations in clinical character in individual cases. There is undoubtedly reasonable cause to gather together a group of disorders wherein particular cutaneous and mucosal responses are vanably associated, and whilst the ingenuity of some of the names employed, for example dermatostomatitis, mucosal respiratory syndrome, mucocutaneous fever, etc., is recognized, none appears to be iently definitive for continued use. It seems advisable to retain the name E. multiforme and to qualify the term according to' additive phenomena. As Stannus (1947) points out, there are wide clinical variations in the disease, and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome belongs to or is part of the condition usualy regarded as E. multiforme. Whilst Hebra in 1860 regarded E. multiforme as a primary cutaneous disease with relatively benign effects, it is clear from the literature since his day 183 P rocted by coright.


Information security has become a research focus as a result of the increasngly wide application of computers and their networks. After introducing the RSA algorithm with which data encryption is processed,the paper presents the steps for modular multiplication and modular exponentiation based on Montgomery algorithm during RSA encryption and digital signature construction, and gives analysis of the characteristics of Montgomery algorithm for hardware implementation. Design results show that this kind of cryptoprocessor is more practical for it has faster encryption rate, and less die area.


We use global climate models to study the seasonal variability of polar vortex strength across several planetary atmospheres. In particular, we show the presence of a "seasonal variability" induced by dynamics on Venus, a planet with negligible axial tilt, and compare with cases where the seasonality is a result of the obliquity of the planetary body.


College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, In Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Ga of Korea Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Cente 21936, Republic of Korea Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Ho Jeju International Marine Science Center for Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, School of Biology, The Parker H. Petit Ins Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, biology.gatech.edu; Tel: +1-404-385-4211 School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju N of Korea. E-mail: email@example.com; Fax: † The authors are contributing equally. Cite this: RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 46164


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of myocardial nuclide imaging,coronary angiography and electrocardiogram treadmill exercise test on coronary heart disease.Methods The result analyses were performed for 80 patients received coronary angiography and myocardial nuclide imaging,and for 69 patients received electrocardiogram treadmill exercise test in addition.Results The sensitivities of myocardial nuclide imaging (85.7%) and coronary angiography (79.6%) were significantly higher than that of electrocardiogram treadmill exercise test (70.7%),and specificity of coronary angiography (87.1%) was significantly higher than that of myocardial nuclide imaging (66.7%) and electrocardiogram treadmill exercise test (60.7%).Conclusion There is no significant difference in coronary heart disease detective rate between myocardial nuclide imaging and coronary angiography.These methods are of great value to the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. The sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiogram treadmill exercise test are significantly lower than that of myocardial nuclide imaging and coronary angiography.


This paper examines the incumbency effect on mayoral elections in Brazil since executive officers were allowed the possibility to be reelected for one consecutive term. By adapting the regression discontinuity design of close electoral races to a multi-party system, it shows whether incumbent mayors and parties were advantaged in comparison to their challengers. The causal effects of being in office are estimated with the use of a repeated interaction in between the incumbent and one or more candidates (parties) in consecutive elections. In contrast with the incumbency advantages that have been largely documented for elections in the United States, in Brazil there were significant negative incumbency effects for the elections of 2000 and 2004, indicating that, when there was a strong alternative political force, citizens preferred to penalize incumbents. This phenomenon ceased in the 2008 elections but was not reversed into significantly positive effects.


Purpose of review Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) represents about 10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Therapeutic options for this subgroup of tumours are limited, essentially doxorubicin-based regimens and trabectedin. Recently, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been identified as a therapeutic target in several sarcomas. MRCLs should be included among these, as various molecular aberrations of the mTOR pathway have been recently reported. Recent findings PI3KCA mutations were identified in 10–20% of MRCLs. Other molecular aberrations include loss of PTEN, Akt activation and overexpression of IGF1R. Recently, two minor responses to mTOR inhibitors were reported. Summary The relatively high frequency of mTOR signalling pathway alterations in MRCL provides a preclinical rationale for considering mTOR inhibition as a potential novel therapeutic strategy warranting further investigation.


A bounded linear operator $T$ on a Banach space $X$ is $J$-reflexive if every bounded operator on $X$ that leaves invariant the sets $J(T,x)$ for all $x$ is contained in the closure of $orb(T)$ in the strong operator topology. We discuss some properties of $J$-reflexive operators. We also give and prove some necessary and sufficient conditions under which an operator is $J$-reflexive. We show that isomorphisms preserve $J$-reflexivity and some examples are considered. Finally, we extend the $J$-reflexive property in terms of subsets.


I'm rich enough, I think, to have felt free To have my wife owe everything to me. From her dependency has come submission; She cannot flaunt her wealth or her position.... In a small convent, undisturbed by man, I had her raised according to my plan, Which was to have them try as best they could To keep her ignorant and therefore good. Thank God, the outcome answered my intent, And now she has grown up so innocent That I bless Heaven for having been so kind As to give me just the wife I had in mind. '


Eleven imitation cheeses were studied for their ability to support growth and toxin production of Clostridium botulinum types A and B at 26°C. The aw of the cheeses ranged from 0.942–0.973 and the pH from 5.53–6.14. Spores of five type A and five type B strains were inoculated into approximately 50 sampless of each cheese. In 289 days only one type, an imitation mozzarella, became toxic. In two separate tests, 27 of 77 samples of imitation mozzarella contained toxin. The earliest toxic sample was noted in 26 days; however, the product was organoleptically unacceptable. Imitation cheese thus appears to pose no hazard from botulism, even under conditions of abuse.


The increasing use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in educational institutions, the growing availability of media-rich content and the advancement in web-based applications has created opportunities for the transformation of the learners educational experience. Increasing web-enabled "scapes" are being explored as a means of engaging learners in interactive media-rich environments.

In these environments the term scape denotes an extensive representational view of a specific topic (enviro-scapes, investigating environmental issues, history-scapes, presenting a documented history of a specific location) in essence scapes relate knowledge to location.

This interactive presentation will explore and explain how Google-maps can be used to create media-rich, location generated scapes.


The paper will address the lexical stock that B. Koneski uses in the "Grammar of the Macedonian literary language", published by Kultura, Skopje (1982). We will analyze the lexis B. Koneski uses in his presentation (not in the examples for illustration) from the aspect of its origin and word-building models. Only the lexical stock that is exotic and unusual from the present aspect will be analyzed.
 Key words: lexis, word-building, suffix, productive/unproductive, origin.


hadron matter to quark-gluon plasma in statistical QCD, and give a confinement / decon We survey the physical ideas leading to deconfinement, discuss the transition from that we are indeed on the road to strong interaction thermodynamics. OCR Output final states is feasible, and they have led to a number of results which seem to indicate light nuclei on heavy targets, have shown that the analysis of very high multiplicity predicted by statistical QCD. The experiments carried out so far, using beams of rather such matter sufficiently large, hot and thermalised to form the quark-gluon plasma conditions. The collision of two heavy nuclei will, as we hope, provide droplets of the new deconfined state of strongly interacting matter under controllable laboratory studies was initiated, with the specific aim of investigating the critical behaviour and On the experimental side, an extensive program of high energy nuclear collision undergo a transition to a state of deconfined quarks and gluons. density The important which has so far come out of these studies intermediary models, the states of matter and the critical behaviour of strongly inter system. From QCD as input dynamics, we can today evaluate directly, i.e., without physics an ab initio calculation of the thermodynamic behaviour of an actual physical On the theoretical side, large-scale computer simulations allow for the first time in even more attractive.


Translation, often regarded as a cross-cultural and cross-language process of communication through the tool of texts, isviewed in this paper as a process of text-constructing in a context. In the case of legislative translation, the TL reader's purpose isto acquire the precise information of SL text, or the exact content of the"author-reader"communication. Hence the constraint bythe SL context. And as the"translator-reader"communication takes place in the TL context, the TL text must be constructed in theTL context to ensure readability. Thus, legislative translation under the double-context restraint must reach an optimal balance be-tween faithfulness and readability, which further determines the specific choice of translation strategies and methods.


Suspension and solution plasma spraying makes it possible to achieve coatings with fine microstructural features and is becoming a common route in laboratories to elaborate coatings a few tenths to a few hundreds of micrometres thick. This paper presents the recent developments in direct current plasma spraying of suspensions or solutions. It begins with a short description of the main plasma torches used for liquid feedstock spraying as well as the techniques used to experimentally observe droplets and particles in the plasma jet and characterize the void network of nanostructured plasma-sprayed coatings. The paper then turns to the momentum and heat transfers between fine particles and the plasma jet and the interactions between the plasma jet and a liquid in the form of a jet or drops. It concludes by linking some characteristic features of coating microstructures with the liquid processing in the plasma jet.


The aim of our investigation is the development of new polymeric materials with nonlinear optical properties which are comparable or even better than the existing organic salts such as LiNbO/sub 3/, KDP etc. Nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers which show large second-order NLO properties and which show long-term stability, low optical loss and good processibility to fabricate thin films and fibers are of considerable interest in the development of new materials used for frequency doubling applications and for their use in optical communication.


There is enough evidence to support the fact that important neurobiological and psychosocial changes take place during the first-episode psychosis, that may have a substantial effect on the future outcomes, particularly on the degree of global functioning and the levels of disability ("critical period hypothesis"). In turn, there is evidence demonstrating that the shorter the period a psychosis remains untreated during the first episode, the better the prognosis. The latter has prompted the development of interventions allowing an earlier detection of psychosis from the very first onset of the first symptoms. The results - all obtained in developed countries - show a remarkable improvement of the duration of untreated psychosis, in the recovery and prognosis of the disease, as well as in the decrease of the associated risks (such as drug abuse and suicide). Such background has powered the WHO to advise the countries to adopt policies directed towards the early detection of people with first-episode psychosis.


Encoder and decoder circuits which can perform an asynchronous 2-phase handshake protocol with only N wires for N-bit data transfers are suggested in this paper. Their fundamentals are based on a ternary encoding scheme and they were implemented by using current-mode multiple valued logics. In HSPICE simulation with 0.25 ㎛ CMOS technology, the functionality of the suggested circuits were confirmed.


Bimolecular reaction of NO dimer with O atom was studied by use of a crossed beam apparatus. NO dimer was generated by the supersonic expansion of NO seeded in He. Oxygen atom beam, generated by the microwave discharge, was crossed with (NO)2 beam and the chemiluminescence from the product NO*2 was measured as a function of the scattering angle. The angular distribution is anisotropic and peaking at θlab=0, with respect to (NO)2 incidence. This fact suggests sideways or backward scattering of O atom in (NO)2+O reaction.


In order to improve the protection of people from water damages disaster, the fulfillment of water sufficiency for most people and farming people, then one way to support the above is to create a multipurpose dam that is Kuwil dam, in addition useful for controlling the ultimate flood-witch This is often the case in Manado and its surroundings. Also, in order to control the flood of Manado City and its surroundings, serious and integrated handling is needed from various related parties. One of the main river that flows Manado City is Tondano river. To control flooding, other than through non-physical effort, physical effort from construction technology is required. The selection of flood control buildings must be carefully calculated, the advantages, disadvantages, benefits and controls. Dam is an irrigation infrastructure that has a very high risk if it fails. Therefore, prior to the construction of dam, there are 3 (three) certifications that must be owned by the prospective owner of the dam. The certification in question is design certification aimed at testing the feasibility of the design details submitted by the consultant team; filling certification that aims to test the physical worthiness of the dam; and operational certification that aims to check the physical viability of the dam over a period of time. Kuwil dam is located across the Tondano river precisely in Kuwil Village, Kalawat Subdistrict, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province which is ± 20 km from Manado city, the capital of North Sulawesi Province. The aims of this research are:  To find out the effectiveness of Kuwil dam as a flood reducer in Manado and in order to know the stability of dam  for spillway building due to flood discharge. Method used in this research are data collection. The data is used as a basis for calculation of stability and technical planning. From the rainfall data obtained, hydrological analysis resulted in flood discharge plan, which then processed again to find the amount of flood routing which result is used to determine the elevation of crest spillway. Hydrological analysis for dam planning, covering four things, namely: The inflow that fills the dam, flood plans to determine the capacity and dimensions of spillway buildings,  dam count and  outflow to determine the retrieval building. The calculation of flood debit were proceed  using HEC-HMS Program software. Results revealed that Kuwil's dam  gives a significant impact for Manado city and its surroundings because it can reduce flood. The efficiency of flood control in Manado and the surrounding could be done by setting the operation pattern of the reservoir. Keywords: water damage disaster, flood , dam, HEC-HMS program, efficiency of flood control


The invention provides a real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method for performing quintuple detection on target nucleic acid in a nucleic acid extracting solution in a single PCR reaction container, which is used for simultaneously detecting whether EBO-Zaire, EBO-Sudan, EBO-Bundibugyo, EBO-Taiforest, EBO-Restor and other Ebola virus subtypes exist. The method can effectively avoid production of false negative and false positive results, and is of great practical significance for Ebola virus detection. The invention also provides a detection kit for implementing the method, application thereof and the like.


This study aims at measuring the impact of knowledge management operations practices on performance by using Balanced score card in Small-Medium-Size Manufacturing. The population of this study consists of (8690) Small-medium-sized manufacturing companies in Amman Provence in all the sectors. A purposive sample consists of (649) companies' workings at the clothing sector were chosen. This study used the survey as a method of data collection. The results revealed that there is an impact for knowledge management operations practices on: using financial indicators as one of balanced score card dimensions. On using internal operations indicators as one of balanced score card dimensions, on using customers' indicators as one of balanced score card dimensions. On using growth and learning indicators as one of balanced score card dimensions. On using employees' indicators as one of balanced score card dimensions, on using environment indicators as one of balanced score card dimensions. Based on the results, a set of recommendations and suggestions were provided for both companies and researchers.


Two-phase α 2 /γ TiAl alloys without and with additions of the transition metals Cr, Nb and V were investigated by atom-probe field ion microscopy (APFIM). Cr and V atoms are more homogeneously distributed in the γ-phase than Nb atoms. These preferentially occupy the Ti sublattice and tend to form a superlattice structure. No similar lattice formation was observed in y titanium aluminides with Cr and V additions. In comparison to a binary TiAl alloy the concentration ratio c (Al) /c (Ti) in the γ-phase is only slightly changed by V and Cr additions, but remarkably increased by Nb additions. The γ-phase of the TiAlNb alloy revealed more brittle than those of the conventional binary alloy and TiAl based alloys with addition of Cr and V.


An interoperability study is performed for a three-coil system with double-d (DDP) magnetic topologies for the primary pad while keeping the secondary and intermediate pads as circular pads (CP). A mathematical model is provided for the three-coil system along with magnetic simulation results from Ansys Maxwell software. Using these results, calculations were carried out to establish the minimum primary apparent power required to transfer 10kW of power to the load. At the natural offset and maximum misalignment positions, the primary pad must exert 75.8kVA and 128.3kVA, respectively. Whereas, the intermediate apparent power is fixed at 185kVA within the misalignment constraints. At these power levels leakage magnetic fields produced were $7 \mu \mathrm{T}$ and $10 \mu \mathrm{T}$ in the worst leakage plane when measured 1050mm away from the center of the secondary pad. Finally, a comparison of employing a primary pad as a double-d or circular pad is presented.


An atmospheric-pressure glow discharge has been generated using an inductive energy storage pulsed power generator. A pulsed high voltage with a short rise time of under 30 ns is employed to generate streamer discharges simultaneously at all tips of a needle-array electrode in nitrogen. The large number of streamer discharges prevent glow-to-arc transitions caused by inhomogeneous thermalization. SOS diodes are used as an opening switch to shorten the rise time. Circuit parameters such as the capacitance of a primary energy storage capacitor and/or the inductance of a secondary energy storage inductor are determined by experimental results using dummy resistive loads. The results show that circuit parameters adequate for producing atmospheric glow discharges are different from those for producing corona discharges. The energy transfer efficiency of the pulsed power generator has a maximum value of 75% at 193 Ω dummy load resistance. Voltage-current characteristics of the glow discharge show two regions: constant voltage (normal glow) and an increasing voltage with discharge current (abnormal glow). The glow current is drastically decreased by eliminating the SOS diodes, in which case the charging voltage is directly applied to the electrode. Spatial-and time-averaged electron densities in a positive column are estimated from calculations based on nitrogen swarm data. The electron density is estimated to be 1.8 × 10 11 cm -3 , which is much larger than 9.7 × 10 9 cm -3 in the case without the SOS diodes.


Geomorphological study of some of the just more than 200 known terrestrial impact structures has demonstrated that despite extensive degradation, important geomorphological keys, such as drainage pattern, topographic signatures, erosional landforms, and depositional features, can still be assessed. They can provide possible indicators to assist in the recognition of further impact structures, especially on Precambrian shields and cratonic landmasses. This study documents the surface features and landforms of the Paleoproterozoic, about 11 km diameter Dhala impact structure in India. The Dhala structure has an estimated age that is constrained stratigraphically between 1.7 and 2.5 Ga. This structure is deeply eroded, and barely has a morphological resemblance to other known terrestrial or extraterrestrial impact structures. We have analyzed the operative surface‐forming processes for the Dhala area.


The normalized rate of occurrence of dayside Pc 3,4 pulsations from L=2.4 to 4.3 has a strong enhancement for low cone angles of the interplanetary magnetic field. When the angle of the IMF to the earth sun line, θBX, is 15° or less the occurrence rate is 7-8 times the average rate at L=2.4 to 2.8 and 2.2 to 3.5 times the average rate at L=4 to 4.3. These waves disappear when the IMF is nearly at right angles to the sun-earth-line. This absence of pulsations occurs over the widest range of angles at lowest L-values. These observations are consistent with a source originating in the waves upstream of the subsolar bow shock which are transported by convection to the magnetopause where they couple to oscillations of magnetospheric field lines. Since the index of refraction of the magnetospheric plasma decreases with decreasing radial distance, except at the plasmapause, inward propagating waves should be refracted away from the radial direction. Thus, to reach low L-values the waves should couple near the stagnation point and propagate nearly radially inwards. Upstream waves should be convected to the stagnation point for only a limited range of θBX. However, to reach higher L-values the coupling may be at later local times where cross streamline propagation can bring waves from a larger range of θBX. The streamline geometry and its connection to the foreshock region is illustrated for a variety of IMF orientations using a simple approximation to the magnetosheath flow field.


Mg, Mg/P, and Mg/Ar implants were performed at 80 keV into InP:Fe with the aim of obtaining shallow p/sup +/ layers. After rapid thermal annealing, activations between 10% and 50% and mobilities as high as 110 cm/sup 2Vs were obtained for the different doses employed. For the implants with dose of 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/ differential Hall measurements showed hole profiles with peak concentrations in the mid-10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ range, Hall mobilities of 90 cm/sup 2Vs and depths lower than 3000 /spl Aring/. After co-implantation with P or Ar, a reduction in the in-diffusion of Mg was obtained as well as a slight increase in activation. Photoluminescence measurements demonstrated the good crystalline quality of the material after annealing. Together with narrow emissions near the gap wavelength, two broad bands were seen centered at 1.3 and 0.87 eV, whose origins are discussed. The high hole concentrations and mobilities of the p-type layers obtained make them suitable for device applications.<<ETX>>


A considerable number of proteins without wellorganized secondary or tertiary structures have been found to be present in cells. These proteins, or parts of proteins, have been called "intrinsically disordered proteins/regions (IDPs/IDRs)" [1]. Their structural feature is to form a wellordered three-dimensional structure upon binding to their partner molecules. This has been called "coupled binding and folding" mechanism. However, an exceptional case has been first found by Sigalov et al. [2], in which "no folding upon binding" is observed during the interaction between IDPs/IDRs. In addition, this unusual phenomenon has been clearly evidenced by the careful comparison of monomeric and dimeric forms of cytoplasmic domain of the T cell receptor ζ subunit using heteronuclear NMR [3]. Although


Abstract Introdution The teacher's formation is a paramount condition for the education in health. Objective To develop a questionnaire and assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of early years school teachers. Methodology a questionnaire about nutrition and feeding was applied. The subjects were teachers from pre-school to 5th grade of Elementary School. Results There were 288 teachers in the survey. They were all in favor of the promotion of a healthy feeding in school. The source of information mostly used was the textbook. 76% thought they had good knowledge about a healthy diet. The average number of positive/correct answers was 21 (48%). Conclusions The knowledge about nutrition and feeding were insufficient and the general performance in the questionnaire was low. Actions that aim at qualifying the teachers are urgent, so that they can develop the necessary tools to promote a healthy feeding in schools.


Some males of the grasshopper Chorthippus binotatus from a natural population in Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain) were found to be polysomic mosaics for the presence of extra chromosomes (E) in a high proportion of testicular follicles. Transmission analysis of these chromosomes was performed in 21 controlled crosses, 2 of which involved a polysomic parent. While most spermatozoa produced by polysomic males carried E chromosomes, these chromosomes were not transmitted to the progeny, since all 22 embryos descended from a polysomic male parent lacked them.Key words: transmission, polysomy, grasshopper, Chorthippus binotatus.


Abstract The tenth prefatory letter of Pollux' Onomasticon transmits two otherwise unattested pieces of information concerning the existence of an anonymous commentary on Xenophon and of a treatise by Eratosthenes of Cyrene entitled Σκευογραφικός. The corrupt state of the text in the manuscript tradition, which the standard edition by E. Bethe has not improved, has so far hindered the full understanding of this passage. This article (a) argues that two corrections should be introduced in 10.2–3 Bethe; (b) suggests that the anonymous commentary on Xenophon quoted by Pollux concerned not only the Περὶ ἱππικῆς, as traditionally assumed, but also the Ἱππαρχικός; and (c) re-examines the evidence supporting the hypothesis that Eratosthenes' Σκευογραφικός was not part of the better-known Περὶ τῆς ἀρχαίας κωμῳδίας, but an independent work.


Three processes affect water table dynamics in sandy beaches. They are tidal fluctuations, wave run up and precipitation. The individual effects of the first two are studied under laboratory conditions using a Hele-Shaw cell to model water table responses to tides, and a wave flume to gauge the effects of waves. In particular, the role of each in elevating the mean water table in a shallow aquifer above the mean sea level is addressed. Tidal effects are shown to be functions of the beach slope and the relative tidal amplitude. Wave effects show strong correlation with the run up height and surf similarity parameter.


Microbial fermentation of rice bran was applied to absorbing Cd2+.The effects of the dosage of adsorption,solution temperature,Cd2+ concentration,pH value,adsorption time on adsorbing Cd2+ were discussed.The research result showed microbial fermentation of rice bran had good adsorption to Cd2+,and the adsorptive rate reached 93.8%.Its best adsorption conditions were the dosage of microbial fermentation of rice bran 20 g/L,solution temperature 30℃,pH=3,Cd2+ concentration below 50 mg/L,and adsorption equilibrium time 60 min.


Background and Purpose— To identify a minimally acceptable cerebral perfusion pressure threshold above which the risks of brain tissue hypoxia (BTH) and oxidative metabolic crisis are reduced for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods— We studied 30 poor-grade SAH patients who underwent brain multimodality monitoring (3042 hours). Physiological measures were averaged over 60 minutes for each collected microdialysis sample. Metabolic crisis was defined as a lactate/pyruvate ratio >40 with a brain glucose concentration ⩽0.7 mmol/L. BTH was defined as PbtO2 <20 mm Hg. Outcome was assessed at 3 months with the Modified Rankin Scale. Results— Multivariable analyses adjusting for admission Hunt-Hess grade, intraventricular hemorrhage, systemic glucose, and end-tidal CO2 revealed that cerebral perfusion pressure ⩽70 mm Hg was significantly associated with an increased risk of BTH (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2–3.3; P=0.007) and metabolic crisis (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–3.7; P=0.007). Death or severe disability at 3 months was significantly associated with metabolic crisis (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.8–16; P=0.002) and BTH (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.2–23; P=0.03) after adjusting for admission Hunt-Hess grade. Conclusions— Metabolic crisis and BTH are associated with mortality and poor functional recovery after SAH. Cerebral perfusion pressure levels <70 mm Hg was associated with metabolic crisis and BTH, and may increase the risk of secondary brain injury in poor-grade SAH patients.


1. A NOTE ON INTERPRETATION It became clear in the discussions at the conference at which Professor Brody's paper was given that he and I had slightly different interpretations of his paper. He apparently regards the rights violations to be justified (having to do with the initial appropriation of land) as events in the distant past, and any resulting compensation as being due to our contemporaries only as heirs of people injured in the distant past. To me, one of the attractions of his analysis is that it allows one to dispense with such tenuous arguments and consider rights violations occuring at this very moment, and the compensation due for them. If every individual has the right to use all uncreated resources, then when I use force to keep you out of my living room I am violating your rights; although (according to Professor Brody) that may be an appropriate rights violation, it still imposes on me the obligation to compensate you. These comments were originally written on the assumption that Professor Brody intended the argument to be interpreted in this way; since I believe it is a more interesting argument in that form than in the form apparently intended by its author, I will maintain that interpretation throughout my comments. 2. CRITIQUE Professor Brody's solution to the problem of Lockean entitlements is ingenious and in some ways attractive, but I find it unsatisfactory in the form presented here. The problem is that, in spite of the author's claims to the contrary, it seems impossible, in principle, to decide how much compensation each person is entitled to.


In studying organizational adaptation most researchers tend to draw sample‐ wide conclusions about the relationships among strategic, structural, and environmental variables. More often than not, the findings of different investigators are in conflict. Particular variables are said by some to covary positively, while different studies demonstrate a negative relationship. This paper attempts to show that the direction and significance of bivariate product‐moment correlations may vary significantly, logically, and systematically according to the adaptive approach used by firms. A sample of firms is segmented into four parts, which are internally homogeneous in the evolutionary patterns among environmental, organizational, and strategy‐making variables. The findings from a correlational analysis of each sub‐sample indicate how some common discrepancies in the literature show the promise of being resolved when the differences in the contexts of the bivariate relationships are examined.


This paper includes an experiment that was performed on a hundred patients by using our self-developed methods during a two year period. The treatment of discus hernia was carried out by using our self-developed methods combined with a completely new technology, as well as clinical biomechanics, chiropractics, massotherapy, thermotherapy, cryotherapy and various other specific exercises practiced in esthetic and orthopedic kinesiology - kinesitherapy.50 females and 50 males aged 35 to 55 underwent our therapy and the results we obtained display very high curative effects.


Context
Observational studies indicate that serum estradiol (E2) is more strongly associated with bone mineral density (BMD) than serum testosterone (T) is, whereas both E2 and T associate with fracture risk in men.

Objective
To evaluate the possible causal effect of serum E2 and T on fracture risk in men.

Design, Setting, and Participants
A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was undertaken using individual-level data on genotypes, BMD as estimated by quantitative ultrasound of the heel (eBMD), fractures (n = 17,650), and relevant covariates of 175,583 unrelated men of European origin from the UK Biobank. The genetic instruments for serum E2 and T were taken from the most recent large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analyses on these hormones in men.

Results
MR analyses demonstrated a causal effect of serum E2 on eBMD and fracture risk. A 1 SD (or 9.6 pg/mL) genetically instrumented decrease in serum E2 levels was associated with a 0.38 SD decrease in eBMD (P value: 9.7 × 10-74) and an increased risk of any fracture (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.55), nonvertebral major osteoporotic fractures (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.27), and wrist fractures (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.62, 3.16). These causal effects of serum E2 levels on fracture risk were robust in sensitivity analyses and remained unchanged in stratified analyses for age, body mass index, eBMD, smoking status, and physical activity. MR analyses revealed no evidence of a causal effect of T levels on fracture risk.

Conclusion
Our findings provide evidence of a robust causal effect of serum E2, but not T, on fracture risk in men.


The uplands of Northern Vietnam are home to the poorest of the rural poor. Inhabitants of these areas are faced with low agricultural productivity and the ecosystem services such as food production for marginalized populations, biodiversity reservoirs, and watershed regulating functions have been under increasing pressure due to decollectivisation and the following redistribution of the land, liberalization of markets and a rapid population growth. To partly reverse the threat posed to the ecosystem services, we analyzed the impact of alternative schemes on farm revenues that would set aside cultivated land for forest natural re-growth. Using mathematical programming we developed a farm household model in which we investigated scenarios where some land in the sloping area of the catchment is set aside for forest natural re-growth (which aims at restoration of watershed functions), while additional land is made irrigable in the lowland compartment of the farms. In the first part of this thesis we will impose different implementation and compensation schemes for this land set-aside schemes and analyze their effects on both a household as well as a village level. In the second part of this thesis we will analyze the different land set-aside schemes with the help of the theory on Payment for Environmental Services (PES) that examines the cut-off point where farmers will voluntarily set-aside sloping land in order to get more access to water in the bottom valleys. The compensation schemes are analyzed from two perspectives; on the one hand they will improve collective water infrastructures so that more water is made available in the lowlands; on the other hand they will individually reward farm households by allocating new terrace land. The impacts on land use, individual farm revenues, per head revenues and village revenues were analyzed. This led us to conclude that relatively small increases in irrigable land in the lower compartments are necessary to compensate for the revenues lost of land set-aside on the sloping land. Moreover, some of the scenarios comprehend a better wealth distribution among members of the villages. However, this would require some coordination at village or commune levels, and a deliberate choice to help the poorly endowed households. (Resume d'auteur)


To improve the performance of subspace classifier, it is effective to reduce the dimensionality of the intersections between subspaces. For this purpose, the feature space is mapped implicitly to a high dimensional reproducing kernel Hilbert space and the subspace classifier is applied in this space. As a result of Hiragana recognition experiment, our classifier outperformed the conventional subspace classifier.


This graduation theses is devided into theoretical and practical part. It is aimed to the possibi-lities of controlling implementing in the public administration. In theoretical part you can find at first the definition of the word "controlling", its types, financial plan and financial progno-sis. Further there are mentioned the specialities of controlling in non-profit associations, fiscal system of municipal authorities and experiences with the implementing of controlling in public administration in the end. Practical part involves the brief introduction of the town Veseli nad Moravou, after it the eco-nomic situation analysis with the commentation of found advantages and disadvantages. The analogical structure is made at selected allowance organizations too. The other part of this theses is given to concrete project design of controlling instruments implementation at town Veseli nad Moravou and at allowance organizations. The theses is concluded with possible assets interpretation and project risks and its overall assessment.


Aiming at all kinds of control schemes of the release discharge,the reservoir's operation mode is optimized under the rules of maximizing the economic object.It is presumed that the inartificial runoff series before building the reservoir are the perfect state,then the friendliness degree between one control scheme and the ecology can be weighed by comparing the approach degree between the discharge operated under this scheme and the inartificial runoff.Based above all,it is established that the integrated evaluation indicators system of the eco-friendly control schemes of the release discharge;and it is used that the composite fuzzy matter-element method based on the Euclid approach degree for computation;then the different schemes can be synthetically compared.A case study is given to the Ertan Hydropower Station;and the results show that the evaluation model established in this article is applicable.For Ertan Hydropower Station,the operation mode which maintains natural characteristics of the runoff as much as possible can preferably combine the electricity generation and the health of the river in the reservoir's long-term operation.


Angela Dalton is a grade two teacher in Chinook's Edge School Division. She has been teaching for 19 years. Joyce Holoboff is a music specialist and grade three teacher in Wolf Creek School Division. She has been teaching for 22 years. Chloe Kaniusis has been teaching grade four for six years in the Wild Rose School Division. Shaun Kranenborg has been teaching grades 9-11 for seven years in Red Deer Public Schools. Jessica Sliva has been teaching grade one in Red Deer Catholic Schools. She has been teaching for four years. Abstract This research studies teachers' experience with the concept of " flow. " Flow can be described as a state of being in which one is fully engrossed in the activity. When activities are in " flow, " there is a sense of immersion, high energy, joy, and focus. In an analysis of fifteen teachers' reflections of flow experiences, five prominent characteristics emerged: engagement, authentic and meaningful experiences, relationships, learning environment, and flexibility and risk-taking. Recognizing the classroom conditions under which flow may occur could assist teachers in creating effective and engaging learning environments. Our research supports the idea that flow is not only desired but something that can be fostered.


Anchorage control is one of the most important determinants of orthodontic treatments. Mini‐screws are used to achieve the desired anchorage. Despite all their advantages, there is a possibility that treatment will not be successful due to conditions related to their interaction with the periodontal tissue.


Seen as a precondition for a referendum, clarity requires a clear referendum question and a clear majority for or against an outcome. In this article I argue clarity is not only an enabler of individual referendums but one way to politicize their context. In separating what is clear from what is obscure, clarity imposes the twin requirements of homogeneity and predictability. These, in turn, presuppose an interpretation of acceptable political (dis)continuities beyond the referendum as well as of perception of change. This reading of clarity shows how the referendum does not only manage change to which it is explicitly addressed, but that the purported voice of "the people" may at the same time be an instrument of clarity that imagines and normatively orders the referendum's surroundings.


The small toad Bufofergusoni, described by Boulenger in 1892, from Trivandrum, Travancore, has since been reported from other localities in peninsular India, as well as in Ceylon (Kirtisinghe, 1957). On May 9, 1965, Mr. Vicky Atukorale gave the senior author two preserved toads that he had obtained a few days earlier at Yala, near the southernmost tip of Ceylon. Mr. Atukorale had identified the toads with some doubt as Bufofergusoni. Two days later Mr. Atukorale accompanied us on a trip from Colombo northward to Puttalam on the west coast of Ceylon, where we recorded the mating calls of several species of Anura. Shortly after midnight, on May 12, while we were recording a chorus consisting largely of microhylids, rhacophorids, and ranids in a shallow roadside pool 10 miles north of Puttalam, we heard a short trill that was not readily identified. Owing to the dense vegetation in as well as around the pool, it was difficult to trace the call to its source. When it was located it proved to be a small, rugose toad later identified as Bufofergusoni. Within the ensuing hour four specimens were obtained that we later compared with those taken at Yala. The toads were similar in size, but we noted differences, particularly in the shape of the parotoid gland. Through the kindness of Miss Alice G. C. Grandison, who lent us the holotype of Bufofergusoni and other specimens in the British Museum