Abstract This analysis provides an international perspective geared towards understanding the future demands being placed on the world's electricity system. It focuses upon the household or residential demand for electricity in a number of high-income and middle-income countries that may raise power demands for cooling in a warming world. Panel estimates on 26 high-income and 29 middle-income countries over the 1978–2013 period provide critical information on how household electricity demand responds to income, weather, and prices. Our dynamic panel estimates address nonstationarity, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence. We believe these are the first panel estimates for middle-income/non-OECD countries and the first panel estimates for high-income/OECD countries to address all three of the previously identified statistical issues. Relative to high-income country responses, long-run elasticities for middle-income nations are larger for income (0.8 compared to 0.6), larger for cooling (0.3 versus insignificant), and smaller for prices (−0.08 relative to −0.2). As middle-income economies are likely to grow more rapidly than high-income/OECD economies, the trends related to income and cooling responses are likely to place greater pressure on a warming world unless the power sector can be decarbonized globally.


Changes in global fire activity are influenced by a multitude of factors including land-cover change, policies, and climatic conditions. In this study we focus our attention on climate, investigating how relative humidity, wind, temperature and precipitation changes can act together in fire danger. Within the CORDEX-CORE initiative, two regional climate models (RCM) have been used at  0.22° resolution and to downscale 3 global climate models (GCMs) from the CMIP5 project. The analysis is carried out over 9 CORDEX domains for two climate scenarios namely the RCP2.6 and the RCP8.5. The high resolution regional climate simulations have been used to evaluate changes in the fire danger by means of the Fire Weather Index (FWI).  The attention is focused on the Mediterranean Basin and in South America, as well as in Australia and in the North America domains. Both climate scenarios show similar projections for the near future time slice (2031-2050) with an increase of the index in those areas that are already affected by seasonal fires such as Spain and Southern Italy for the Mediterranean Basin and the central band of Brazil. For the future time slice (2081-2100) the signal increases, and it is stronger for the RCP8.5 scenario in all regions as expected.


Conical scans of Doppler LIDAR were made at a specific elevation angle to monitor the wind fields in cases of plume dispersion in western Australia. To better visualize the airflow patterns in relation to the plume direction, variational analysis is performed on the radial velocity data of the LIDAR to retrieve the 2D wind fields. Compared to the 4DVAR method, the 2D variational analysis as adopted in the present paper is computationally more efficient yet provides sufficient details of the flow patterns. Examples of the plume dispersion are shown with the 2D analyzed wind fields as presented in the paper. In general, the analyzed wind fields are consistent with the plume directions as observed from the backscattered power data of the LIDAR. A 2D wind retrieval algorithm developed for the Hong Kong International Airport (1) is used to derive the wind field from the Doppler LIDAR conical scans for an analysis of the plume dispersion at the Wagerup air quality monitoring experiment in Western Australia in 2006. The radial velocity data obtained from Doppler LIDAR scans are not straightforward for an interpretation of the wind vectors for relating to the plume dispersion. It would be quite handy to have the full wind vectors overlaid on top of the radial velocity data to assist the analysis of the wind dynamics and the dispersion mechanism. The 2D wind retrieval method is computationally more efficient than the four dimensional variational (4DVAR) LIDAR data analysis (2, 3). th and 29 th


The problem of the synthesis of gas transmission system control as a complex open dynamic system with distributed parameters in limited spatio-temporal domains is presented. To solve this problem algorithms and software for modeling the effect of changing the initial boundary conditions on the flow distribution parameters, under conditions of external controlled and uncontrolled dynamic perturbations, have been developed. The tasks of finding parameters of control of gasdynamic processes by active facilities are stated for ensuring optimal flow distribution in the system by the energy criterion. The results of approbation of the developed algorithms and software are shown. The analysis of numerical experiments on the developed software using real data is presented, which confirmed the correctness of the chosen research direction. Ключові слова—Газотранспортна система, оптимальний режим роботи, оптимальне керування, алгоритми оптимізації, програмний комплекс, компресорна станція Keywords—Gas transmission system; optimal operation mode; optimal control; optimization algorithms; software; compressor station


This ethnographic research was undertaken using an introspective-experiential approach, because the product of knowledge is obtained through the interpretations of socio-cultural symbolisms. It is based on the fact that, as demonstrated in previous research, the use of the computer in the educational process acts as a strong motivational factor in the acquisition of learning. Given these conditions and the need to foment ethnic identity among Wayuu children, in which the indigenous language is crucial element of this identity, information which was available from experts on the linguistics of Wayuunaiki, as well as from teachers and advisors in the area of Bilingual Intercultural Education was gathered in order to create the design of a prototype of educational software which intends to promote reading and writing skills in Wayuunaiki, the native language of Wayuu Indians. This prototype was developed taking into account the singular aspects of the Wayuu culture, as well as inherent aspects of the learning process of reading and writing. The design is based on the results of ethnographic research and on the methodology used in prototype designing. The psycho-pedagogical basis used in this design is centered upon the story as an instructional game.


The utility model discloses an automatic test system of a radio station. The automatic test system comprises at least one stand (1) as well as an industrial control computer (2), a switch matrix plugged box (3), an attenuator network plugged box (4), at least one test instrument, a signal source (5), an excitation source (6) and a filter which are arranged in the stand. The industrial control computer (2) is connected with the switch matrix plugged box (3) through a serial interface; the radio station to be tested is connected with the test instrument, the signal source (5), the excitation source (6) and the filter through the attenuator network plugged box (4); and the industrial control computer (2) is connected with the test instrument and the signal source (5) through a universal input-output bus and connected with the filter through a serial interface. The automatic test system disclosed by the utility model can be used for overcoming the defects of low test efficiency, low precision and frequent errors of the traditional manual test. Compared with the existing test system, the automatic test system disclosed by the utility model has the characteristics of comprehensive test function, capability of realizing batch test, high precision, and the like.


The paper documents a conodont fauna from Lower Triassic deposits of Paleotethys-issued North Dobrogea Orogen. The studied strata exposed in the Tulcea Veche Quarry are characterized by the presence of diversified molluscs, including the ammonoid Tirolites cassianus (Quenstedt) and the bivalve Crittendenia decidens (Bittner). The site also represents the type locality of the coelacanth fish Dobrogeria aegyssensis Cavin & Grădinaru. The recovered conodont fauna is marked by Icriospathodus crassatus (Orchard), Neospathodus robustispinus Zhao & Orchard, Novispathodus abruptus (Orchard), Nv. brochus (Orchard), Nv. aff. brochus (Orchard), Tr. ex gr. homeri (Bender), Tr. hungaricus (Kozur & Mostler), Tr. ex gr. hungaricus (Kozur & Mostler), Tr. symmetricus (Orchard), Tr. aff. symmetricus (Orchard), and Triassospathodus sp. that is correlated with the Tr. symmetricus Zone.


We present dynamical scenarios leading to wild dynamics. We first discuss the C persistent coexistence of infinitely many sinks associated to homoclinic tangencies of surface diffeomorphisms (Newhouse coexistence phenomenon). We next study heterodimensional cycles in higher dimensions and apply these results to get the C coexistence phenomenon. Finally, we introduce the notion of dominated splitting and explain how the lack of domination of the non-wandering set may lead to stronger forms of the C coexistence phenomenon. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 37G25, 37G30, 37G35, 37D30.


This paper generalizes the research status of passive energy dissipation technology in the field of Structural Engineering. Many achievements has been gotten since its emergence, including the manufacture of dampers, the experimental research and control effect analysis for energy dissipation systems, as well as the studies on its optimal design theory, which plays an important role in protecting people's life safety. However, the current design idea mainly focuses on the security, thus the energy dissipation structures will still suffer great economic losses even in moderate earthquakes. As a result, it is quite necessary to introduce the performance-based seismic design idea to study the design theory for passive energy dissipation. This paper has detailed three key problems in performance-based design of passive energy dissipation and put forward some strategy. Finally, it marks out that to study the performance-based design theory in passive energy dissipation system is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of society.


.....................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements.........................................................................................vi List of Tables................................................................................................xii List of Figures...............................................................................................xv CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION..........................................................1 Nitrogen ......................................................................................................1 Wastewater treatment plants as nutrients point sources...............................................4 The Grand River watershed................................................................................5 Stable isotopes as environmental tracers................................................................9 Thesis outline .............................................................................................11 CHAPTER 2 -THE ROLE OF PERIPHYTON ON THE NITROGEN CYCLING DOWNSTREAM OF A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ...............................14 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................12 MATERIAL AND METHODS .........................................................................16 In situ biomass estimation ...............................................................................16 Growth of biomass in tiles................................................................................17 Chlorophyll estimation ...................................................................................18 Description of the experiment ..........................................................................18 Statistical analyses ........................................................................................20 RESULTS ...................................................................................................21 Epilithon biomass estimates .............................................................................21 Ammonium uptake .......................................................................................22 Nitrate uptake ..............................................................................................23 Changes in the total inorganic nitrogen ................................................................24 The interaction of NO3 and NH4 ......................................................................25 Ammonium and nitrate uptake velocity ...............................................................26


Membrane process was investigated to recover process water and valuable gold from washing water of electroless PCB plating processes. The filtration experiments were carried out using not only a RO membrane test cell to determine suitable membrane for washing water but also spiral wound membrane modules of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for scale-up. At first, RO-TL(tap water, low pressure), RO-BL(brackish water, low pressure) and RO-normal(for water purifier) sheet membranes made by Saehan Co. were tested, and the performance of RO-TL membrane showed most suitable f3r recovery of soft etching, catalyst and Ni washing waters. As a result of RO test cell, the experiments for scale-up were carried out using RO-TL modules far water purifier at 7bar and 25℃The permeate flux fur Au washing water was about 30 LMH, but Au rejection was less than 80%. The permeate fluxes for Pd, Ni and soft etching washing water were about 22, 17 and 10 LMH, respectively. The Pd, Ni and Cu rejections showed more than 85, 97 and 98% respectively. The nanofiltration module for water purifier was introduced to recover Au selectively from Au, Ni and Cu ions in Au washing water. Most of Ni and Cu ions in the feed washing water were removed, and only Au ion was existed 81.9% in the permeate. Furthermore, Au ion in the permeate was concentrated and recovered by RO-TL membrane module. Finally, Au was also able to recover effectively by using 4 inch diameter spiral wound modules of NF and RO-TL membranes, in series.


The purpose of study is to analyze the difference in the tourism experience, revisit intention and recommendation by the level of tourist"s novelty seeking. For this purpose, the respondents of this study were classified into three(3) groups along with their level of novelty seeking:(High, Middle, Low) and identified as composition variables of the tourism experience through literature review. The analytical results found that High novelty seeking group showed a significant difference than other groups in exploration tourism experience and enjoyable tourism experience and also High and Middle groups showed significant differences than Low group in liberating tourism experience and local culture tourism experience. The results also found that each group showed significant differences in revisit intention and High and Middle groups show significant difference in recommendation than Low group. Several theoretical and marketing implications were discussed.


Business activities are performed by human or automated actors. For the organization to adapt to changes it must be able to understand how and why actors are related to and assigned to processes. This requires a consistent representation of the services required by the organization's processes and those provided by its actors. This paper focuses on defining the concepts that allow to structurally align human actors and business processes through the description of the organizational competencies required to perform processes' activities. These structures are used within a marketplace-based model, supporting the management of actors and activities according to the supply and demand of competencies.


In October 2013 the OFT decided to close an abuse of dominance investigation, launched in April 2010, against CH Jones, a leading provider of bunker fuel services to HGV fleets. This outcome…


The situation of research and development of degradable plastics at home and abroad.Its advantage and its problems on its development are discusset.Furthermore,some suggestions about the future development of degradable plastics are presented.


Pancreatoduodenectomy is a standard procedure usually performed for benign and malignant diseases of the pancreas or periampullary region. The application of technological advances has significantly reduced postoperative mortality to less than 5% over the past decade in specialized clinics around the world. But the number of postoperative complications remains high from 30% to 50% according to different authors; such as postoperative pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal infection, and late gastric emptying. Among them, pancreatic fistula is one of the most frequent serious complications after pancreatoduodenectomywith a frequency of 20-30% (6); this is the main cause of postoperative mortality. In our study, we made a comparative analysis of two group of internal drainage of the pancreatic duct during surgery and the impossibility of internal drainage.


Based on experimental studies in animals and clinical experience with patients, we summarize the role of ACTH in the myelination process in children with global developmental delay. Fifty cases with this pathology treated in Quito, Ecuador, with intramuscular ACTH are presented. These patients had been treated inadequately with risperidone, an antipsychotic drug. ACTH and corticosteroids regulate cerebral growth and metabolism. ACTH accelerates myelination and stimulates RNA and DNA synthesis and influence positively on the cerebral myelination processes. These effects are shown by the significant development of motricity, language and learning in the children so treated. It would be important to continue with these studies, using MRI techniques to demonstrate the advance of myelination in the brain of children treated with ACTH.


The purpose of this work was to know the social representation that health professionals of AIDS Provincial Program of San Luis City, Argentina, have about HIV-AIDS and infected and sick persons. The underlying assumption is that these conceptions act as implicit theories which direct and give sense to the practices with patients and to professionals' performance within the health care institution. The structure and representational processes are analyzed based on the fashion the group of professionals organizes scientific knowledge when linking it to professional practice, the spontaneous or common sense empiric beliefs, the previous experiences, the emotions that are generated in their relationship with patients, the images with which the disease is represented, and to values, interests and attitudes related to the institutional and sociocultural context. This research used a qualitative, contextual, and interpretative approach.


This text from the angle of the system analyzed the energy consumption question of system and energy consumption of the central air-conditioning in the course of operating in the intelligent building. Put forward each potentiality and direction to each link while operating, start with the energy efficiency question above and energy efficiency potentiality.


Abstract In order to enhance oil recovery in high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoirs, the copolymeric microspheres containing acrylamide (AM), acrylonitrile (AN) and AMPS was synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization. The copolymeric microsphere was very uniform and the size could be changed according to the condition of polymerization. The lab-scale studies showed that the copolymeric microsphere exhibit good salt-tolerance and thermal-stability when immersed in 20×105 mg/L NaCl(or KCl) solution, 7500 mg/L CaCl2 (or MgCl2) solution or 2000 mg/L FeCl3 solution, respectively. The copolymeric microsphere showed satisfactory absorbency rates. The sand-pipes experiments confirmed that the average toughness index was 1.059. It could enhance the oil recovery by about 3% compared with the corresponding irregular copolymeric particle.


Regulation of self-renewal of embryonic stem cells(ES) is a complex molecular signaling system.When the signal system is in overall balance,the self-renewal of ES cells can be maintained.The ES cells can be applied and the downstream stem cell-based technology can be developed only after the function of these signaling pathways has been understood.The paper reviews the research progress in the molecular mechanism of self-renewal of ES cells by analyzing important cytokines such as LIF,Oct-4 and Nanog.


A parameter rD is introduced to describe the temperature region near T,, in which the statistical spatial fluctuations of the order parameter are strong. It is shown on the basis of the Ginzburg-Landau functional, with the aid of the replica method, that two temperature superconductivity regimes are realized, depending on the degree of the disorder. At T, > rg = 2 . 4 9 ~ ~ ~ where T, is the Ginzburg parameter that characterizes the size of the region of strong thermodynamic fluctuations, the superconductivity is produced in spatially inhomogeneous fashion with droplike seeds. The drop density and their contribution to the free energy and to the diamagnetic susceptibility are obtained in a model of non-interacting drops. If rD < rg, superconductivity sets in below Tc simultaneously in the entire volume, i.e., the usual second-order transition is realized.


This paper presents the progress made on the development of a dual spray, direct injection airblast fuel nozzle capable of variable fuel placement. It is anticipated that by varying the fuel placement within the confines of a combustion chamber it will be possible to control localised flame 'Fuel Air Ratio' and thus extend both stability and emissions performance in respect of engine power range. The extension of combustion stability is particularly desirable to high pressure, temperature and turndown ratio aero engines where the ratio between maximum and flight idle fuel flows is extreme.Atomiser aerodynamics have been developed that produce two different airflow re-circulating regions within the combustor. A concentric fuel filmer feeds each of these regions. By staging the fuel into each flame re-circulation zone the variation of local 'Fuel Air Ratio' can be more accurately controlled.A combination of bench testing and CFD has been used to analyse and manipulate airflow distribution between swirlers to form the two distinct flame regions. The work is ultimately concerned with the rationalisation of airflow distribution and fuel placement to best fit the operational envelope of the engine.The variable placement fuel injector features three or more air swirlers (inner swirler, middle swirler and dome swirler) and two 'airblast' fuel filmers (pilot and main).The paper describes the progress made with a number of fuel injector configurations.Copyright © 2001 by ASME


Adjudication is increasingly seen as the preferred means of resolving many construction and consumer disputes. As one party in dispute observed in a personal communication to the writer "It is a forum to finally express my woes. One can often feel helpless . . . in this situation and the process of adjudication has proved cathartic." However, the differences between construction adjudication and consumer adjudication are not often understood or appreciated. This paper, first, explores some of those differences using, as an illustration of consumer adjudication, the Communications and Internet Services Scheme (CISAS) administered by IDRS Ltd. for the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and approved by the Office of Communication which is the regulator for the U.K. telecommunications and Internet industry. Second, it looks forward to how the advantages of both may be combined to produce more effective dispute resolution with consistently high standards for resolving differences between parties, ensuring disp...


The three monotheisms in the world, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, all originated from Semites in Middle East and were one and the same line of ancestries denoting a certain state that existed in the past. There are closely relations among the three monotheisms. They all not only indicated opposition to polytheism and idolatry but also believed the supreme creator who controlled all things in the universe. Besides, Jerusalem, in which the three monotheisms preserved their holy remains, was reckoned to be the three monotheisms' holy city.


Field‐emission vacuum microelectronic devices, which operate at a low voltage, require sharp emitters and minimal emitter to anode spacing. Using high resolution electron beam lithography in combination with metal lift‐off, we have fabricated lateral multitip diodes with emitter to anode spacings ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 μm. This is the smallest emitter to anode gap spacing of any lateral structure reported in the literature. The devices were tested in the sample chamber of our scanning electron microscope (SEM) which has been adapted with fixed probe tips and associated electrical feed throughs. The SEM's secondary electron detector was used to confirm field emission by detecting electrons generated during device operation. The electrical data show low voltage operation and the linearity of the Fowler–Nordheim plots provides another confirmation of field emission. We have also fabricated triodes with 0.5 μm emitter to anode spacing by adding a columnar gate electrode to the basic diode structure.


This study was carried out in order to document the reproductive activity, maturity stages and tetrodotoxin (TTX) distribution in yellow pufferfish, Xenopterus naritus from Batang Saribas, Sarawak. The reproductive activity study shows the result of gonadosomativ index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and fecundity, which both male and female individuals are found to be the highest in August (GSI: male-0.95%, female-12.73%; HSI:male-3.44%, female-4.04%; mean fecundity-8304.17), followed by September and October 2015. Maturity stage determinatiion showsn that August individuals are classified under late stages of seven-stage maturity scale, while September and October individuals are classified under early stages of the scale. Liver condition of this species also was observed and variations in terms of soze, weight and color of luiver are obtained. Besides, the presence and level of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in four body parts, which are muscle (72.3 MU/g), gonad (167.4 MU/g), liver (184.9 MU/g) and intestine (185.1 (MU/g) were determined by using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).


The 1.5 μs and <400 ns time constants for the formation of polyproline II helix structures in 21 and 16 residue peptides, respectively, are measured using rapid mixing from theta-glass emitters coupled with mass spectrometry. Results from these studies should serve as useful benchmarks for comparison with computational simulation results.


Objective Construction and Expression HBV recombinant epitope in a foreign epitope presenting vector,and evalution of dignostic sensitivity for anti-HBs with HBV epitope. Methods Oligonucleotids encoded twenty-four amino acids(aaS124-147) which is within "a" antigenic deterninant were synthesized and inserted into a foreign epitope-presenting carrier I3 site (FHV-RNA2-cDNA-I3). HBV epitope was expressed in a prokaryotic cellular system(BL21 cell). The expression product was analyzed and its antigenicity was further studied by ELISA and Wstern blot method with chimeric protein as coating antigen.we used chimeric protein as coating antigen to test anti-HBs with ELISA and Wstern blot in 58 seral samples. Results The chimeric protein reacted with anti-HBs seral specially.The detection positive ratio of anti-HBs is 77.5% and 68%respectively by ELISA and Wstern blot with chimeric protein as coating antigen,the control's was 62%.Conclusion HBV epitope expressed in a foreign epitope-presenting carrier possessed good antigenicity and diagnostic value.


Magnetic field measurements have been performed on prototype and production magnets from two high-gradient superconducting quadrupole designs. One design is a double-shell quadrupole with 36-strand Rutherford cable. The other design is a single-shell quadrupole with five individually insulated monolithic strands connected in series. These magnets have similar bore diameters and cable dimensions. However, there are significant differences between the two designs, as well as differences between prototype and production magnets within each design, with regard to Cu-to-superconductor ratio, filament diameters, and filament-spacing-to-strand-diameter ratio. The time dependence at fixed currents of the measured magnetic field is discussed.


In the fall of I9II, the writer's attention was called to an agaric which is very conspicuous in fir woods in the vicinity of Seattle, Washington, during the fall and winter months. Specimens have been collected as late as January 17. For this work the very young stages were collected in the fall of I912. As far as the writer is aware, no study of the development of the genus Stropharia has been published and there appears to be doubt about the taxonomy of this particular species. The earlier literature on the development of the fruiting bodies of the Agaricaceae has been thoroughly reviewed by Atkinson (2), Allen (I), and Beer (3). In I906, Atkinson found that in the early stages in the development of Agaricus campestris there was no differentiation, but a universal veil surrounded the homogeneous mass of hyphae. The first differentiation was the primordium of the hymenium in the form of a deeply stained ring a little above the center of the carpophore and lying some depth under the surface. The gill cavity forms below this hymenium, and the primordium of the pileus is distinguished from that of the stem and marginal veil. Next in the order of development the pileus becomes definitely outlined quite deeply under the surface by taking a deep stain. In the same year, Allen (I) found the development of Hypholoma to be different from that of Agaricus. In Hypholoma the universal veil is present from the beginning, and the first differentiation is a small central area which stains deeply. This differentiates successively into the primordium of the pileus, hymenium, and upper portion of the stem. The gill cavity is formed internally after the formation of the primordium of the hymenium, and the lamellae are formed by the differential growth of the hyphae of the hymenial primordium.


Abstract The benefits of nanofibrous media have been extensively explored in laboratory-scale research but are less clear in real filtration applications. Thus, this study investigated the links between the size-resolved filtration efficiency of nanofibrous media mounted in portable air cleaners in a chamber test and results from the media mounted in a cone-shape filter holder in a more conventional duct test. Results showed a similar trend for the filtration efficiency curves for these two experimental tests, despite differences in test type, challenge aerosol, instrumentation, and the calculation of filtration efficiency. Long-term operation, surface area blockage, and isopropyl alcohol treatment adversely impacted the filtration efficiency of the tested nanofibrous media in the chamber test, with a different magnitude of impact for three different media tested. The filtration efficiencies were lower than most of the previously reported data in the literature, which may be due to the differences in medium type, fiber diameter, filter thickness, porosity, face velocity, filter charge, and the number of filter layers. This study suggests the needs for determining the performance of nanofibrous media in terms of filtration efficiency and quality factor in real environmental systems. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research


The conquest of the fertile Arax valley by Argishti I in the mid 8th century BC was a major point in Urartian imperial policy, the valley having been a target of Urartian expansion from the start. The article outlines Argishti's actions, including the evidence of violence discovered during recent excavation at Metsamor in Armenia, thus highlighting the dynamics and significance of Urartian expansionism. A contribution is also made to a study of the emergence and development of urban settlement in the Arax valley through an examination of surviving Urartian inscriptions.


To develop a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization regime that produces long-term increases in stand productivity and soil nutrient supply in loblolly pine plantations, a series of N + P fertilizer studies were established in the Southeastern United States. One of these installations was examined partway through the study to determine if changes to stand productivity and soil nutrient supply had already been achieved. Stand growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured for 6 years, and during the third year, a seedling bioassay was conducted with soil collected from the highest fertilization and nonfertilized treatments. Annual stand growth was increased by 14%–27% in the fertilized plots suggesting that the fertilizer regime improved stand productivity. However, results from the seedling bioassay showed that only P fertilization had caused changes in soil nutrient supply. Seedling P contents in the fertilized treatments were 3.6 times larger than those in the nonfertilized treatments. I...


Changes in rivers ice regime features and the climatic resources of the winter period were examined for the territory of Russia northward from 60° N. Datasets from 220 gauging stations for the period from 1960 to 2014 have been used in the study both with the results of numerical experiments carried out using climate models in the framework of the international project CMIP5. A change in the duration of the ice phenomena period, the ice cover period and the maximum thickness of ice on the rivers for the scenario RCP 8.5 by the end of the 21st century for a spatial grid with a distance between the nodes of 1.75x1.75 degrees in latitude and longitude has been estimated. We elaborated series of the maps. Main features of the ice regime changes are consistent with the expected changes in the duration of the cold season and the accumulated negative air temperatures. The significant changes are expected for the rivers of the Kola Peninsula and the lower reaches of the rivers Northern Dvina and Pechora, whereas the lowest changes for the center of Eastern Siberia. KEY wORDS: river ice, climate change CITATION: Svetlana A. Agafonova, Natalia L. Frolova, Galina V. Surkova Modern characteristics of the ice regime of Russian Arctic rivers and their possible changes in the 21st century. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, Vol.10, No 4, p. 4-15 DOI-10.24057/2071-9388-2017-10-4-4-15


Symposium on foods: lipids and their oxidation. the second in a series of symposia on foods held at Oregan State University , Symposium on foods: lipids and their oxidation. the second in a series of symposia on foods held at ... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


We study whether pension fund board governance relates to asset allocation. Pension funds with well-governed boards have greater international diversification, lower cash holdings, and, when pension funds are small, invest more in risky assets. In particular, pension fund boards that establish comprehensive investment policies invest more in equities, in foreign assets, and hold less cash. We argue that a comprehensive investment policy is likely to serve as a proxy for the financial expertise available to the fund while it provides the set up to facilitate decision making. Finally, we further show that the presence of external financial experts is also associated with lower cash holdings.


Provided is a tester for control and display unit . The tester for control and display unit comprises a main processing module(1), a graph manipulation module(2), a power-supply module(4), a display component(3); an analog quantity(5), a discrete magnitude(6) and AFDX(Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet)networking protocol(7) signals are input from the main processing module (1) for data processing to generate RS422 signals (9); the RS422 signals(9) are input to a custom bus graph manipulation module (2) via a private line, and the other signals are input into the graph manipulation module (2) through a custom bus (8); the graph manipulation module (2) processes the received signals to generate a video signal (10), and transmits the video signals (10) and the RS422 signals (9) to the display component (3).


This study tested the hypotheses that 1) authoritarian and traditionally masculine men respond to depictions of male-male intimacy with anger, 2) this anger predicts aggression toward gay men, and 3) anonymity moderates this effect. Data from 978 men were collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online participant pool and survey delivery mechanism. Results from SEM analyses confirmed hypotheses 1 and 2, indicating that traditionally masculine and authoritarian men experience anger in response to a video clip depicting male-male intimacy, b = .22, SE = .08, p < .01, and that this anger predicts greater aggression against a gay male target than a heterosexual target, b = .53, SE = .17, p < .01. The hypothesis that anonymity influences the link between anger and aggression was not supported. INDEX WORDS: Right-wing authoritarianism, Anti-gay aggression, Male role norms, Masculinity, Anonymity, Homophobia, Anti-femininity, Aggression ANONYMITY AND ANTI-GAY AGGRESSION IN AN ONLINE SAMPLE: THE EFFECT OF AN AUDIENCE ON GENDER ROLE ENFORCEMENT


The inclusion properties in Herz-Morrey spaces has proved by Rahman in 2020. This paper aims to discuss the inclusion of the homogeneous Herz-Morrey spaces and homogeneous weak HerzMorrey spaces with variable exponent. We also investigated the inclusion between both spaces. This result will be useful to prove fractional integral on the homogeneous Herz-Morrey spaces with variable exponent.


The article is dedicated to finding reasons for the reliability of such a data collection tool as Internet surveys. The article consistently presents the arguments "pro" and "contra" using online surveys. In the scientific community, "contra" arguments are often put forward considering ideal research standards, which are often not feasible even in proven methods of data collection, such as censuses, phone surveys, etc. Based on this, in the article each argument "contra" is placed into the comparative plane — by examining the Internet surveys' accusations of insufficient representativeness, sampling bias, and other disadvantages along with similar arguments against accepted methods of data collection, the lack of theoretical and methodological foundation of these charges is revealed. The irrelevance of "contra" arguments is also shown by analyzing global and Russian trends in the spread of the Internet and computer literacy. The "pro" arguments presented in the article are intended to demonstrate the features of generalization of findings obtained using online surveys, considering the specifics of this type of data collection. The evidence presented in the article for the validity of data obtained in online surveys confirms the possibility of using them in particular for making legal and public management decisions, provided that the specifics of the obtained data are taken into account.


This study on the supervision of classroom teaching and learning on effective implementation of Life Skills Education (LSE) has been spurred by many challenges facing the youths in Nairobi County. These challenges are psychological, social, or economic compounded by various factors such as complex development changes during adolescence. Other factors include; lack of positive role models, and negative influence by mass media, inadequate, inaccurate and unreliable sources of information among others (KIE, 2010). When the psychological and social needs are not met, they become maladjusted and the resultant behavior could be drug abuse, teenage pregnancies, indiscipline, school unrest, premarital sex, increased crime, violence, rape, incest, suicide, Human Immuno Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic and poor academic performance (KIE, 2008; Mutai, 2013; Lutomia & Sikolia, 2006). These challenges of mal-adjusted behavior have been affirmed by a study carried out by Wairimu (2015) among others on factors Abstract: the purpose of this study was to establish supervisory activities undertaken by principals during classroom instruction of Life Skills lessons. The study adopted mixed method Research design whereby descriptive survey design was used to collect both quantitative data and Phenomenology to collect qualitative data. The target population comprised of 77 Principals, 2,451 Teachers and 37,258 Students from 77 secondary schools in Nairobi County. All school categories which included; National, Extra county and county schools were used as the sampling frame to select participating schools. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select, 101 LSE teachers, 311 Students drawn from 27 public secondary schools from which 27 principals were selected using purposive sampling technique resulting to a total of 439 respondents from Nairobi County. Information was obtained through the use of questionnaires, interview guide and document analysis. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, tables, charts, percentages and means with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24 programme, while qualitative data were summarized in themes based on research findings and presented in narrative form and direct quote from participants. The results of the study revealed that Life Skill Education in public secondary schools of Nairobi County was partially implemented. In the majority of schools, Life Skill Education was not being taught and principals rarely supervised classroom teaching and learning. Challenges faced in the implementation of Life Skill Education included the non-examinable status of the subject. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education should organize for in-service training workshops for principals to enhance their classroom teaching and learning supervisory skills for effective implementation of Life Skill Education.


Used sodium per-carbonate and TAED as oxidation desizing agent,the authors optimized the desizing craft of polyester fabric.This article discussed oxidative desizing and the dyeing craft of one bath two step or one bath one step,researched the effect of the dosage of sodium per-carbonate and TAED and pH to the dye uptake and K/S value of disperse red AF-R,and compared the dyeing performance difference of 4 dyeing craft,supplied the application basis to abreviated system of polyester fabric.


Liquid lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE)is an important spallation target material and coolant candidate in accelerator driven sub-critical systems(ADS),and is also a key coolant material for advanced fast reactors.Since LBE has a strong corrosion for structural materials,its application is required to give priority to the problem of compatibility between LBE and structural materials at high temperatures.Experiments were conducted on the corrosion behavior of the two ADS candidate structural materials(316Land T91 stainless steels)in static LBE at 550 ℃for 1000 h.The microstructure morphology of the etched cross-sections of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and thedistribution of the main chemical compositions in the interface of LBE and the matrix was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results showed that the two samples were subjected to a strong dissolution of the elements and the LBE penetration,and T91 showed a slightly better corrosion resistance to LBE than 316 L.


In the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the Higgs sector has two unknown parameters, usually taken to be $\tan \beta \equiv v_2/v_1$ and $m_A$, the mass of its one physical pseudoscalar particle. By minimizing the minimum of the Higgs potential along a certain direction in parameter space, it is shown that $m_A = M_Z$ + radiative correction, and if one further plausible assumption is made, $\tan \beta > \sqrt 3$.


Many countries have put in place, various legislations that govern air emission limits/pollutants from the industries. The common pollutants being monitored are Sulphur Oxides (SOx), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), particulate matters and dioxins. In Malaysia, the regulatory requirement aims to regulate emissions of air pollutants from industrial activities including oil and gas, power plants, waste fuel plants and asphalt mixing plants. One of the emission limits under Clean Air Regulation (CAR2014) is emission level for SOx should be less than 600 mg/m3 (reference condition at 3 % of O2, 273 K, 101.3 kPa) whereby sum of SO2 and SO3 expressed as SOx. Excessive SOx emission can affect both health and the environment. Aligning with the regulation requirement, Group Technical Solution (GTS) under PETRONAS has embarked on assessment of technology solutions to meet the emission limit on SOx emission limit for thermal oxidizers which cover new and existing facilities. This paper describes on the work methodology and approach adopted during the assessment. The objective of the assessment is to determine the suitable process technology to reduce SOx emission in order to achieve the desired emission limit for flue gas at outlet stream of thermal oxidizer. Thorough evaluation was carried out based on proposal submission from various technology providers and Vendors. The selection criteria was developed and established. For existing thermal oxidizers, the assessment is more complex taking into consideration the nature of brownfield project and to ensure the proposed modification has minor impact to operability and maintainability of existing facilities. This study has successfully enabled identification of feasible process technologies such as Caustic Scrubber, Seawater Flue Gas Desulfurization and Ammonia based Desulfurization to meet the desired emission limit at thermal oxidizer outlet for Oil and Gas Industry and supporting environmental protection. The selected technology is varies based on plant/project specific requirement. Among main considerations are the by-product management, consumable and utility consumption as well as compatibility of the technology with existing plant on shutdown requirement.


BACKGROUND
Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare primary cerebral tumour entity characterized by diffuse infiltrative growth patterns representing a WHO grade III malignancy. The prognosis is dismal and therapeutical options are still controversial. In contrast to other high-grade gliomas, angiogenesis is thought to be absent in gliomatosis cerebri.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Despite this assumption, histopathological analyses of samples of six patients with gliomatosis cerebri were performed and surprisingly there was angiogenic activity with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase 2. It was therefore decided to administer continuous low-dose chemotherapy with temozolomide and celecoxib for antiangiogenic treatment in the four patients that were in good clinical condition following external radiotherapy.

RESULTS
In all patients, treatment was well tolerated and MRI follow-up showed no tumour progression for at least six months. One patient died due to pulmonary embolism 9 months after diagnosis; another patient survived 15 months after diagnosis with progressive disease in the last follow-up MRI before death. Two other patients at the present time are still in a stable clinical condition without signs of tumour progression in MRI (12 and 18 months).

CONCLUSION
From our initial experience in a small number of patients with gliomatosis cerebri with signs of angiogenic activity, we conclude that low-dose chemotherapy might provide a promising approach for treatment of these patients and that overexpression of angiogenic factors such as VEGF or COX-2 seems to be more frequent than hitherto reported.


Beclin 1, the mammalian homologue of the yeast Atg6, regulates macroautophagy (autophagy) in eukaryotic cells and plays a critical role in the regulation of cell death and survival in various types of cells. Beclin 1 is expressed in T cells. However, its role in T cell-mediated immune responses remains unknown. We have found that mice with Beclin-1 deletion in T cells have profound deficiencies in mounting T dependent immune responses. Autophagy is abolished in Beclin 1 deficient T cells. We observed that, upon activation, Beclin 1 deficient T cells undergo programmed cell death. Mice with Beclin 1 deletion in T cells fail to mount T cell-dependent humoral immune responses to KLH and are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our work establishes a crucial role of Beclin 1 in autoimmunity.


Some patients who need carotid endarterectomy undergo it within two days of symptoms, while others wait almost two months, an audit by the Royal College of Physicians and the Vascular Society has found.

Surgeons say that government stroke targets will not be met unless transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is routinely recognised as an emergency needing a rapid response, and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has set a target of two weeks from symptoms to treatment. The audit found that only 40% of NHS patients are operated on within that timeframe, up from 33% the previous year.

The government's national stroke strategy has set a target of 48 hours from symptoms to surgery to be achieved by 2017, and …


A long, low-slung, rakish boat with stream lines Saturday sped swiftly over the waters. No, it wasn't a coast guard cutter. It was the Nicholaus cruising up the mighty expanses of the treacherous Ship Channel, carrying a fast working, high powered necking crew of Freshmen to their annual feed. In past years it has been the cus-' torn for Sophomores to wagre war and deal destruction tq the Slimes, but this year the might of the class was recognized and the first yearers went unmolested. Record Time The trip down was made in the record-breaking time of approximately three hours. Wonder how fast the time would have been if the skipper had put the thing into third speed. Who Untied the Knots? Pew events of interest happened on the way to Sylvan. The monotony of the ride was broken by Marjorie Dunn inquiring who untied the ten knots the boat made an hour. Bridge games flew right and left on improvised tables of chairs and life preservers. "Flew" is right. Earl Amerman started to invent cast iron cards with hinges for shuffling when several decks blew away. When the boat pulled into the.magnificent harbor of Slyvan Beach, 1|here was a mad rush for land and the dance floor. Several were bitten in the scramble to leave the boat. As soon as the orchestra began, the stomp started. "Flip" Calhoun made a very interesting announcement which was followed by one from Roy Hofheinz, who has a habit of holding his audiences spell-bound. So enthralled were they by his eloquent speech, that they almost forgot to dance. Six girls fainted under the influence of his magic voice. At eight o'clock sharp, the motors wheezed and the ship Nicholaus headed for dear old home. The delicious eats were hauled out


The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is the first auditory brainstem nucleus that processes and relays sensory information from multiple sensory modalities to higher auditory brain structures. Converging somatosensory and auditory inputs are integrated by bimodal DCN fusiform neurons, which use somatosensory context for improved auditory coding. Furthermore, phantom sound perception, or tinnitus, can be modulated or induced by somatosensory stimuli including facial pressure and has been linked to somatosensory-auditory processing in DCN. I present three in vivo neurophysiology studies in guinea pigs investigating the role of multisensory mechanisms in normal and tinnitus models.
1) DCN fusiform cells respond to sound with characteristic spike-timing patterns that are controlled by rapidly inactivating potassium conductances. I demonstrated here that somatosensory stimulation alters sound-evoked firing rates and temporal representations of sound for tens of milliseconds through synaptic modulation of intrinsic excitability.
2) Bimodal plasticity consists of alterations of sound-evoked responses for up to two hours after paired somatosensory-auditory stimulation. By varying the interval and order between sound and somatosensory stimuli, I demonstrated stimulus-timing dependent bimodal plasticity that implicates spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) as the underlying mechanism. The timing rules and time course of stimulus-timing dependent plasticity closely mimic those of STDP at synapses conveying somatosensory information to the DCN. These results suggest the DCN performs STDP-dependent adaptive processing such as suppression of body-generated sounds.
3) Finally, I assessed stimulus-timing dependence of bimodal plasticity in a tinnitus model. Guinea pigs were exposed to a narrowband noise that produced temporary shifts in auditory brainstem response thresholds and is known to produce tinnitus. Sixty percent of guinea pigs developed tinnitus according to behavioral testing by gap-induced prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. Bimodal plasticity timing rules in animals with verified tinnitus were broader and more likely to be anti-Hebbian than those in sham animals or noise-exposed animals that did not develop tinnitus. Furthermore, exposed animals with tinnitus had weaker suppressive responses than either sham animals or exposed animals without tinnitus. These results suggest tinnitus development is linked to STDP, presenting a potential target for pharmacological or neuromodulatory tinnitus therapies.


Law enforcement for the occurrence of prostitution under the guise of a coffee shop is through routine raids which usually coordinate with the Satpol PP, while the occurrence of online prostitution is by conducting cyber patrols. The repressive action is carried out by ensnaring the perpetrators of prostitution, in this case the pimps. The current criminal law policy, both in the Criminal Code, namely Article 296 jo. Article 506 or in Law no. 21 of 2007 concerning TIP and the ITE Law provide qualifications for these criminal actors to be pimps, not prostitutes or service users. There needs to be a legal policy to ensnare sex workers with criminal responsibility which at least have conditions that must be met, namely related to understanding the meaning and consequences of their actions, understanding related to their actions that are not justified or prohibited by the community and related to the ability/skills of the maker of his actions to be held accountable and finally related to the absence of a reason for eliminating the crime in the commercial sex labour.


We present two cases of cerebral shunts - a ventriculopleural shunt and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, with their associated complications. We also hope to provide a comprehensive literature review on various imaging modalities, including nuclear medicine studies in evaluating cerebral shunt complications.


Teaching with academic characteristics,trend of development on the scholarship of teaching is the "Almighty" teacher development paradigm of the negation,and has become the university teachers' professional development in the new orientation and new content.The scholarship of teaching can balance the relationship between teaching and scientific research of university teachers,the university teacher professional development regression university teaching.In the teaching of philosophy,university teachers need the public widely adopted,perfect knowledge structure to become knowledgeable teachers;need to be involved in teaching,teaching research into reflective teachers;through extensive exchanges become intelligent teacher;need to integrate the resources to become a creative teachers plan to complete their professional development.


--- The objective of this research is to find the factors behind the introduction of innovations in the poultry industry in Peru broilers and its effect on the levels of competitiveness for the period 1986-2006, taking as a benchmark of theoretical developments Davila, Epstein and Shelton (2006), Henderson and Clark (1990), Galizzi and Venturini (1986), Charles Fine (2000) and Schumpeter (1950) to identify factors that explain the nature and types of innovations in industry poultry.
The methodology used is based on conducting in-depth interviews with executives, technicians and former executives of the poultry sector companies. It has also been resorted to in-depth interviews with experts and consumers in the distribution chain of poultry meat in the city of Lima, to obtain primary information. This methodology is chosen because the good results obtained by Cohen, W and RC Levin (1989) in studies of innovation. To find the factors behind the innovations will be used to factor analysis of correlation and principal components
The empirical findings show that the nature of innovations in the poultry industry is largely incremental in nature (at 63%) and business models by 28%. As to the factors behind the introduction of innovations in the distribution chain, production and improvement in competitiveness is primarily a flexible production system, the chain of distribution, product design, the suppliers of genetics, deepening of markets and transport systems.
On the other hand, is that most product innovations have been made in the past six years and that most of these innovations have been introduced by the San Fernando. It has also been found that factors influencing the innovation process in the national poultry industry are: quality management, efficiency in the consumption of materials and the rejection rate of the product.
Another important finding is that innovation in the national poultry industry broilers is determined largely by the needs and demands of the market and not by technology suppliers as in countries like Brazil and Argentina.


The rapid development of modern electronic technology requires the processing and transmission of plenty of data.In order to solve this problem,TMS320C6455 EMIF interface was adopted to realized the rapid data intercommunication between DSP and FPGA.FPGA transfers data in the internal RAM to DSP for processing through EMIF interface.DSP transmits the processed data through EMIF interface to dual-port RAM in FPGA to store.EMIF interface is used to achieve the data transmission,and dual-port RAM is used to realized the data reception.The experimental results show that the design scheme can realize data intercommunication quickly and correctly.


The main manifestation and the essential way by which enterprise superintendents study and implement the important ideas of "Three Represents" and truly represent the staff's basic interest are power for people, mind for people and genuineness for people.The author advocates persisting development view of science,promoting enterprise to develop well and quickly,reliably setting up the idea that the staff is enterprise's master,wholeheartedly depending upon the staff to manage the enterprise,practically putting superintendents in the proper position of public servant and putting the work objective point and standpoint in facing the populace,serving basic units and solving actual problems.


Sequence alignment is one of the widely used tools in genomics. Recently, after NGS(Next Generation Sequencing) technology was developed, the production of sequence read data increased dramatically. A number of sequence alignment algorithms have been developed for processing these NGS data. However, these algorithms are suffered from a trade-off between throughput and alignment quality, because there is a large computation cost for handling the repeat reads and polymorphism. On the contrary, alignment algorithms with distributed system such as Hadoop and Trinity can obtain better throughput without compromising alignment quality than existing algorithms on single machine. In this paper, we suggest SAG, sequence alignment algorithm based on graph with in-memory distributed system, Trinity proposed by Microsoft. We transformed reference sequence into a graph form, and added new edge between adjacent node having connection possibility on graph. And we performed combination of sequence fragments in order to candidates allowing polymorphism. Finally, we performed glocal alignment to find final results for the obtained candidates. Our experimental results show that SAG better throughput with same quality or better quality than existing algorithms with Hadoop. We have also proved scalability that we obtained better throughput by simply adding machines.


Abstract Drought and desertifi cation are recurrent problems that affect millions of people in the semi-arid tropics. Information about the problem is key to the solution, and drought preparedness is now viewed as the best strategy for withstanding the problem. International agricultural research centres have accumulated a wealth of knowledge and information on the subject. Recent successes in applying information and communication technologies for development, coupled with open/distance learning, offer unprecedented opportunities to develop ways of sharing knowledge to enhance drought mitigation and management. The Virtual Academy for the Semi-Arid Tropics (VASAT) is an initiative that provides an opportunity for globally-dispersed communities of drought-related experts to come together virtually to generate information and knowledge that can be locally applied by stakeholders, and to harness communities of practice to share new knowledge. It also identifi es new methods for partnering with national institutions and technology-oriented NGOs and for employing new ICT-based methods of complementing agricultural extension systems.


The feasibility of producing paper with antibacterial properties based on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 (anatase) was evaluated. Eighty percent of the bacteria deposited onto photocatalytic paper, were killed by thirty minutes exposure to 25 W/m2 UVA. To achieve this effect it was determined that the water content of the paper must be 40% or greater, and the TiO2 must be located on the exposed surface because UV intensity is attenuated by paper. Finally, the target bacteria must also be on the paper surface to be treated; the reactive oxygen species generated by photocatalysis are too reactive to persist in solution. The decolourisation of anionic reactive black 5 is an effective assay for photocatalytic activity, except when the paper is impregnated with cationic wet strength resin, which strongly adsorbs the dye.


Abstract Objective: We investigated the possibility of differential brain cooling by an endovascular method, perfusing cooled crystalloid solution transarterially. Methods: Fifteen healthy adult hybrid dogs were divided into three groups according to different crystalloid infusion rates: Group 1 received 1.5 ml/kg/min (n=6), Group 2 received 3.0 ml/kg/min (n=6) and Group 3 received 5.0 ml/kg/min (n=3). A four-French angiographic catheter was placed into the right common carotid artery to infuse cooled Ringer's solution. A six-French angiographic catheter was placed into the right jugular vein to withdraw hemodiluted blood. Excessive fluid was eliminated using a dialyzer in a venovenous extracorporeal circuit. Hypothermic perfusion was continued for 30 minutes. A Swan–Ganz catheter was inserted to measure cardiac output. Temperatures were monitored in the cerebral hemispheres and rectum. Results: The cooling rates of the right cerebral hemisphere were 1.8 ± 0.9°C/30 min in Group 1 and 4.7 ± 1.0°C/30 min in Group 2. The cooling rates of the left cerebral hemisphere and rectum were 1.4 ± 0.5 and 1.5 ± 0.7°C/30 min in Group 1, and 3.5 ± 0.5 and 3.4 ± 0.8°C/30 min in Group 2, respectively. In Group 3, two dogs died after the experiment. Systemic hemodynamics was stable throughout the experiment in Group 1, while arterial blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output changed significantly after perfusion in Group 2. Conclusion: Transarterial perfusion of cooled crystalloid solution achieved differential cooling between the target and other sites. However, the difference was small and further refinements are necessary to achieve beneficial effects.


the 1971 essay, which seems to be the beginning of James Maxwell's disagreement with my way of looking at things. I did indeed express misgivings about halfway technologies, although not quite in the terms attributed to me. I was principally worried about the future costs of such measures, especially the transplantation of kidneys and hearts, chronic renal dialysis, and, most frightening of all, the prospect even back then of the development of an artificial heart. What now catches my eye in the essay is the figure $80 billion a year, which was the rough 1971 estimate of the nation's total cost of what I referred to as medical care, now more fashionably known as "The Health Care Delivery System." The number for the year 1950 had been $10 billion. That was startling, but not as startling as what happened later, with the estimated figure for 1985 now pegged at around $350 billion. So, we still have the same sort of problem, getting worse. To jump so easily from $10 to $80 to $350 billion in 35 years, even allowing for inflation during those years, should be making us nervous for the future. Part of the increase-I cannot find reliable estimates of just how much, but surely a significant part-can be assigned to the new and increasingly complex technologies brought into use year after year for medical diagnosis and therapy.


Hospital-acquired infections claim on average 90,000 lives each year in the United States, nearly 3 times the number of annual highway deaths. Although fewer than 15% of hospital-acquired infections are directly attributable to airborne transmission, more than one-third may be caused by surface microbes aerosolized by the movement of air from building systems, people, and equipment. In response, an actual hospital was used to map the spatial dispersion of synthetic respiratory aerosols with respect to particle size, airflow, door position, and healthcare worker movement between a general patient room and corridor. Respirable aerosols 0.5 μm to <1.0 μm were found to exhibit distinctly different aerodynamic behaviors when compared to aerosols 1.0 μm–10.0 μm. Specifically, aerosols <1.0 μm appeared to disperse randomly and uniformly throughout the test space with significantly less regard to mechanical airflow, pressure relationships, door position, and personnel movement when compared to aerosols 1.0 μm–10.0 μm. Since expiratory droplets <1.0 μm are believed to be capable of both carrying virus and penetrating into the alveolar region of the lung, these particles may present unique challenges for ventilation systems designed to protect the healthcare population from airborne viral transmission.


Abstract : Dual phase titanium aluminides composed vastly of gamma phase (TiAl) with moderate amount of alpha2 phase (Ti3Al) have been considered for several high temperature aerospace and automobile applications. High specific strength coupled with good high temperature performance in the areas of creep and oxidation resistance makes titanium aluminides materials of choice for next generation propulsion systems. Titanium alumnides are primarily being considered as potential replacements for Ni-based superalloys in gas turbine engine components with aim of developing more efficient and leaner engines exhibiting high thrust-to-weight ratio. Thermo-mechanical treatments have shown to enhance the mechanical performance of titanium aluminides. Additionally, small additions of interstitial elements have shown further and significant improvement in the mechanical performance of titanium alumnide alloys. However, titanium aluminides lack considerably in room temperature ductility and as a result manufacturing processes of these aluminides have greatly suffered. Traditional ingot metallurgy and investment casting based methods to produce titanium aluminide parts in addition to being expensive, have also been unsuccessful in producing titanium aluminides with the desired mechanical properties. Hence, the manufacturing costs associated with these methods have completely outweighed the benefits offered by titanium aluminides. Over the last two decades, several powder metallurgy based manufacturing techniques have been studied to produce titanium aluminide parts. These techniques have been successful in producing titanium aluminide parts with a homogeneous and refined microstructure. These powder metallurgy techniques also hold the potential of significant cost reduction depending on the wide market acceptance of titanium aluminides.


We reported a novel W-based oxide NaBi(WO4)2 with WO4 tetrahedral crystal structure as a photocatalyst for decomposition of 2-propanol. The physical characteristics of the sample were examined by XRD, BET measurement and SEM, respectively. The band gap of NaBi(WO4)2 was determined to be 3.6 eV according to the diffuse reflectance spectra of the sample. The photocatalytic activity of NaBi(WO4)2 was confirmed by decomposing 2-propanol into acetone and CO2. It showed a higher acetone generation rate (211 ppm h−1) in contrast to that of WO3 (120 ppm h−1), which consisted of WO6 octahedra. Their electronic structures were further investigated by the plane-wave based density function theory. The results suggested that the crystal field (WO6 and WO4) significantly influenced the electronic structures and hence affected the photocatalytic activity.


The history of computer-based control centers for power system operation has been marked by important innovations in the design and implementation of hardware and software functions. The author highlights the significance of these innovations with respect to their impact on the functionality of power system control centers. The author starts out with a brief explanation of the concept of functionality as the primary criterion for the design and performance of a control center. The author points out that in the development of a control center the utility as well as the supplier should be open to new ideas and to new techniques which could improve functionality. Examples are presented of innovations which have been successfully placed in service in control centers. Innovations which are currently being introduced are identified. Recommendations are offered for innovations which would improve energy management system design.


Myopia is a primary contributor to visual impairment and has emerged as a global public health concern. Evidence indicates that one of the main structural features of myopia is the corresponding decrease in choroidal thickness, and choroidal macrophages play an important role in maintaining the choroidal thickness. Nevertheless, the effect of choroidal macrophages on myopia remains unclear. Here, we discovered that the continuous intraperitoneal injection of clodronate liposomes depleted choroidal macrophages and leads to myopia, which confirmed that the presence of choroidal macrophages plays an important role in myopia development. Subsequently, based on the phenotypic characteristics of macrophages, experiments were designed to study the effects of different polarization directions of macrophages on myopia development. We found that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injection can induce the polarization of choroidal M1 macrophages, thinning the choroidal thickness and resulting in myopia. Conversely, IL-4 or IL-13 injection causes choroidal M2 macrophage polarization, thickens the choroid, and suppresses the progression of myopia. Additionally, we demonstrated that the opposite effects of M1 and M2 macrophages on myopia development may be related to their impacts on choroidal thickness, inflammation, and oxidative stress response. These findings establish that choroidal macrophages are critically important in the development of myopia and provide new strategies for the development of myopic therapies.


Sign language learners with a spoken language background face the challenge of acquiring a second language in a different modality. In the course of this endeavor, one of the modality-specific phen...


Part 1 Antiquity: ancient books the library of the museum and Hellenistic scholarship other Hellenistic work books and scholarship in the Roman Republic developments under the early empire archaism in the second century the compendium and the commentary from roll to codex paganism and Christianity in the 4th century the subscriptions. Part 2 The Greek east: scholarship and literature under the Roman Empire the Christian church and classical studies the early Byzantine period Greek texts in the Orient the Renaissance of the 9th century the later Byzantine period. Part 3 The Latin west: the dark ages Ireland and England the Anglo-Saxon missionaries insular influence on classical texts the Carolingian revival the development of Caroline miniscule Carolingian libraries and the Latin classics Carolingian scholarship the Carolingian twilight the resurgence of Monte Cassino the 12th-century Renaissance the scholastic age Greek in the west in the middle ages. Part 4 The renaissance: humanism the first humanists the consolidation of humanism - Petrarch and his generation Coluccio Salutati (1331-1406) the great age of discovery - Poggio (1380-1459) Latin scholarship in the 15th century - Valla and Politian Greek studies - diplomats, refugees and book collectors Greek scholarship in the 15th century - Bessarion and Politian the first printed Greek texts - Aldus Manutius and Marcus Musurus Erasmus (1469-1536). Part 5 Some aspects of scholarship since the Renaissance: the Counter-Reformation - the high Renaissance in Italy the beginnings of humanism and scholarship in France the Netherlands in the 16th and 17th centuries Richard Bentley (1662-1742) - classical and theological studies the origins of paleography discoveries of texts since the Renaissance - palimpsests, papyri, other manuscript discoveries, epigraphic texts epilogue. Part 6 Textual criticism: the development of the theory of textual criticism the stemmatic theory of recension limitations of the stemmatic method age and merit in individual manuscripts indirect tradition some other basic principles corruptions fluid forms of transmission - technical and popular literature conventions in the "apparatus criticus" conclusion.


Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Executive Summary This is another in a series of NIST technical notes (TN) on propagation of radio signals for emergency-responder communications. Previous technical notes investigated propagation into large building structures (an apartment complex, hotel, office building, sports stadium, shopping mall, etc). described experiments related to radio propagation in a structure before, during, and after implosion. Two subsequent Tech Notes (NIST TN 1545 and NIST TN 1546) focused exclusively on RF propagation into large buildings, without implosion. Those reports were intended to give emergency responders and system designers a better understanding of what to expect from the radio-propagation environment in disaster situations. The overall goal of this project is to create a large, public-domain data set describing the attenuation and variability of radio signals in various building types and environments in the public safety frequency bands. These studies were funded by the NIST Public Safety Research Laboratory within the Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Because the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has recently opened the spectrum between 764 MHz and 776 MHz for public safety applications, additional measurements were carried out in the 750 MHz frequency band in a dense urban environment (sometimes called an " urban canyon "). We also conducted measurements in this urban environment in the 4900 MHz public safety band (4940 MHz to 4990 MHz represents another licensed public safety band). These measurements were all " ground-to-ground " with transmitters and receivers at ground level and pedestrian-height antennas to mimic communications between an incident command post and a responder on foot. This report describes measurements conducted in the urban environment with a vector network analyzer (VNA). The VNA yielded samples of the channel frequency response for multiple transmitter and receiver locations, and from these frequency responses (or " channel transfer functions "), channel impulse responses were derived. The channel impulse responses were analyzed and delay dispersion statistics were gathered for two types of channels: (1) those with a line-of-sight (LOS) between transmitter and receiver; (2) those that were non-line-of-sight (NLOS). For a given channel type, the average delay …


Women characters in the Mahabharata are molded to suit the patriarchal expectations and they also speak the language that suits patriarchy. They are generally idealized as mother, wives, daughters and daughter- in- law. Their total existence is in relation to the men in their lives and they are generally devoid of an independent identity.  Woman submitting to patriarchal norms are respected, like Kunti as mother and Draupadi as a wife. Amba dared to challenge the patriarchal norms by expressing her love for Shalva and her life is full of suffering. But there is no guarantee that submitting to the patriarchal norms will bring happiness. Draupadi, Kunti and Gandhari suffered throughout their lives. In a dialogue between Draupadi and Satyabhama during the period of Pandvas's exile, Draupadi seems to be becoming a spokesperson of patriarchy as she describes the ideal woman to Satyabhama.


With the failure of both modernization and dependency approaches to account for the increasing differentiation among Third World countries in the last decade, more specific political factors and the role of the state in social and economic development have attracted renewed interest. This study explores why the three East African states, under similar regional and external conditions, have taken such differing development paths since their independence. Drawing on fieldwork in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda and on their comprehensive statistical analyses, the authors investigate the factors that have contributed to the emergence of each of the three systems and assess its respective performance with regard to a wide range of social and economic indicators. Their results underline the importance of the ongoing debate about Africa's political and economic problems and point to some possible remedies for African regimes.


While the UGC is committed to the cause of promoting gender equity through higher education and is in the process of reviewing the existing arrangements in the campuses of higher learning to ensure the freedom, safety and security of girls and women, the proactive role of teachers in solving the problems of gender based violence and other inequalities prevailing in the society is stressed in the article. The author substantiates the need for introducing Gender Studies components at UG and PG levels of education and the need for providing gender awareness/sensitization training programmes for teachers so as to equip them fully to meet the needs of the twenty-first century, especially in the context of ensuring gender justice.


In this study, the most probable reaction paths of aminotoluene (o-toluidine) molecule with OH radical were analyzed. The optimized geometry was calculated via Gauss View 5. Subsequently, the lowest energy status was found out through geometric optimization via Gaussian 09 programme. The geometric structure analysis and bond lengths were also calculated. This study aims to determine the most probable path for the product distribution of aminotoluene and OH radical interaction in gas phase and aqueous media. Quantum mechanical methods were used to indicate the impact of reaction rate over primary intermediate, hydroxylated intermediate, and finally the impact of water solvent. With the aim to determine the intermediates occurring at the reaction of aminotoluene degradation, geometric optimization of the reactant and transition status complexes were realized through Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. Based on the Quantum mechanical calculation, all probable rate constants of reaction paths were calculated by using Transition Status Theory (TST). For the determination of the transition status of the reaction, C-O bonds were taken as reference. Activation energy for probable reaction paths of all transition status complexes, and their most stable state were calculated from the thermodynamic perspective for the gas phase and aqueous media. The impact of water solvent was investigated by using COSMO as the solvation model.


Some persons are suffering about unauthorized charge on billing statement every month by the help of classification in data mining technique we used to predict group membership for consumer claim data instances. In this paper, we are analyzing various basic classification techniques under the meta classifier. There are Several major kinds of classification methods including decision tree induction Bayes Net and Naive Bayes. The objective of this paper is to apply meta learning techniques and to provide a comprehensive review of different classification techniques in meta classification and finally we compare the Bayes classifier algorithms and Meta classifier algorithms in consumer claim data set.


The consequences of the economic situation in Greece are discussed, highlighting the reactions of the common man. The uneasy calm and sporadic unrest among the people amid anger about the causes of the collapse are reported in a first-hand account of the situation.


INTRODUCTION: There is increasing regulatory pressure for cost containment in neuro-oncology, and rationalization of the observed regional disparities. We investigated the presence of such disparities in New York State and examined the impact of risk adjustment on the magnitude of this variation. METHODS: We performed a cohort study involving patients with brain tumors (gliomas, metastases, or meningiomas), who underwent craniotomy for resection from 2009-2013, and were registered in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database. A linear regression model was utilized for risk-adjustment of inpatient charges using patient's age, race, insurance status, number of inpatient procedures, tumor type, length of stay, and several comorbidities as covariates. Hospitals with fewer than 20 craniotomies were excluded. RESULTS: 13,535 patients underwent treatment, including 5,032 (37.2%) gliomas, 4,858 (35.9%) metastases, and 3,645 (26.9%) meningiomas. Unadjusted median hospitalization charges ranged from $22,954 to $177,398 at the hospital level, and $30,086 to $159,281 at the county level. Despite extensive risk-adjustment we observed persistent disparities with median hospitalization charges ranging from $65,760 to $100,493 at the hospital level, and $52,104 to $92,650 at the county level. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that these disparities were significant at the facility and the county level (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Using a comprehensive all-payer cohort of patients with brain tumors in New York State we identified wide disparities at the hospital and the county level despite comprehensive risk-adjustment. Further research is needed to identify the characteristics of the better performing institutions.


Foreign body aspiration is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Bronchoscopic removal of aspirated foreign bodies is a safe method of managing these patients.lv2 Attempts at removal of distal foreign bodies are sometimes unsuccessful, however, and may even lead to impaction into a subsegmental bronchus. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes, ureteral stone baskets, and fogarty catheters are instruments that can assist in the removal of difficult objects.3 Rarely, a foreign body cannot be removed with conservative methods and a thoracotomy is required. We present a case of aspirated foreign body that could not be removed with the usual bronchoscopic techniques, nor with any of several specialized instruments. Successful removal was accomplished with the aid of fluoroscopic guidance, thereby avoiding a thoracotomy.


We propose a new hybrid pixel driving method that combines conventional digital driving with analog compensation for the declining electrical performance that occurs as OLEDs age. Image uniformity, and thus display lifetime, is improved by directly measuring the variation in OLED voltage at each pixel for a given OLED current level and then controlling the voltage drop across its driving TFT of an individual pixel.


Shakespeare lived and wrote in a period of intense English nationalism. Sixteenth century nationalism, according to E.D. Marcu, "was noisy, fanciful, and plainly fashionable. Dressed in its contemporary style, with its contemporary vocabulary and associations, it was neither quantitatively nor qualitatively different from later configurations". I And Shakespeare, in the spirit of his times. exalts through his characters an England that breeds "very valiant creatures". For Shakespeare the silver sea was a "moat defensive" to the precious jewel that was England. This island was a "water-walled bulwark" and her men fetched their blood "from fathers of war-proof" who had fought "like so many Alexanders". 2 ~ational pride, however, develops too often into national arrogance in which foreigners become lesser breeds. It is this national arrogance that the villainous Richard III appealed to when he exhorted his countrymen to "Lash hence these over-weening rags of France" who were once " ... in their own land beaten, bobb'd and thump'd" (5.3). There is thus a discernible connection between nationalism and racialism. Both terms are susceptible of many and confusing definitions, and any attempt at an explanation of these concepts must take into account the historical era, the political and economic realities of the period, and the emotional and psychological conditions that accompany them. Broadly, in the context of this paper, racialism may be seen as discriminatory attitudes, emotional and intellectual, towards people of different racial and religious groups; nationalism as the implementation of such attitudes in a political and economic system. The guide to 16th century racial and nationalist attitudes has been taken and adapted from G. Ritter: "Nationalism is extreme and biased consciousness raised to the point of arrogance". J Extreme and biased consciousness in the England of the two Tudor Queens, Mary and Elizabeth, was provoked by political events and economic problems. In Britain itself there was the hostile kingdom of Scotland to the North. Scotland was pro-French; Mary Stuart was more French than Scots, and in addition she was Catholic. In England, Mary Tudor had married the Spaniard, Philip II. With this marriage came the fear of political and religious domination by Spain. Philip returned home, but Mary's religious fanaticism exacerbated protestant fears. The burnings during her reign were probably a greater cause of antiCatholic feeling than her Spanish husband, who had treated her subjects as diplomatically as he could. Across the channel, France provided a continual threat and the Massacre of SI. Bartholomew's Eve (1572) did nothing to still the hostility of protestant Englishmen. Neither did the misfortunes of Dutch protestants at the hands of the Spanish or the assassination of William of Orange. At home, Elizabeth I faced internal threats to her government. The Babington and Ridolfi plots made Mary Stuart's enforced presence in England a danger. To add to this there were the many economic difficulties of Elizabeth's reign, which led to hostility against foreign communities resident in England. Given such a situation, it is not surprising that English hostility to the Catholic powers of France and Spain grew from extreme bias to one of xenophobia. 4 During the growing conflict with Spain, English protestants viewed with horror the activities of the Inquisition, which, during 1585-1594, reached a peak.' English sailors, taken prisoner by the Spanish,


The objective: feasibility of introducing simulation technologies into the educational process of interns and cadets-doctors in the specialty «General Practice – Family Medicine». Materials and methods. The article presents the experience of applying the system of Body Interact – clinical clinical education, the educational program of virtual clinical scenarios at the Department of Family Medicine and Therapy, which allows to recreate a certain clinical situation with all necessary modern set of objective, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination and conduct treatment in accordance with modern protocols of European and American medical associations in real time. Results. The simulation training technologies implement more effective practical training of doctors on specialty «General practice – family medicine», improving the effectiveness of training in 2–3 times. Conclusions. The using of interactive techniques, including the «Virtual Patient», in the professional training of family doctors, allows to solve the problem situations through effective actions, intuition, training, and the development of communicative skills.


A numerical study is made of the unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible fluid over a periodically grooved wall. Two independent finite difference techniques are employed. One is based on the vorticity-stream function and the other on the vorticity-velocity (i.e. induction law) formulation. The fluid motion is initiated impulsively from rest and is assumed to be spatially periodic in the streamwise direction. The numerical formulations are derived in detail. The generation of vorticity at the solid surface is modelled differently in the two approaches, and this is found to play an important role in determining the surface pressure distribution and the drag coefficient. The flow field is examined during the early transient phase of development, during which the greatest changes occur. Results are presented for a moderate Reynolds number (based on groove depth) equal to 100. It is found that the vorticity-stream function approach does not produce a spatially periodic wall pressure distribution, and therefore global conservation of total vorticity is not achieved. This results in substantial errors in the predictions for the drag coefficient. These deficiencies are not found in the results obtained by the vorticity-velocity formulation.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A2B adenosine receptors protect against ischaemia/reperfusion injury by activating survival kinases including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K). However, the underlying mechanism(s) and signalling pathway(s) remain undefined.


As for the problem of output feedback adaptive stabilization for a class of uncertain dynamic system including time-varying delayed disturbance,the old algorithm only guaranteed the uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system.A new control algorithm was proposed.A positive uniformly continuous bounded function was introduced in the controller and a new adaptive law was designed to estimate the parameter of the disturbance on line,which could guarantee the state trajectory of the closedloop system was uniformly and asymptotically to zero.The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified by the simulation results as well.


Practical teaching is an important part of engineering education and also the important approach to improve the students overall quality and practical ability. Practical teaching, which is the only way to train applied talents, pays a key role in trainning engineering talents in teaching university. Based on investigation, students deemed that responsible attitude of tutor and relevant instructor was most important in practical teaching. IPA was fit to finding out question purposefully, such as concrete understanding and deviation between teachers and students. IPA assessment is used for practical teaching for the first time in this paper. The study concluded that the teaching of engineering practice in 'the application of the oretical knowledge' are more satisfied, 'Arts education penetration' remains to be strengthened‥


This paper presents some results of a study of the relationship between alcohol, age and sex among pedestrian casualties. During a continuous 22-month period, 232 pedestrians aged over 14 were admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in South Australia. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was measured for 213 of these cases. Table 1 shows the age and sex of the pedestrians admitted. Half were aged over 40, and almost two thirds were male. Table 2 shows the distribution of BAC for males and females. The males drank much more than the females, especially at very high BACs. Graphs show: (1)the hospital admissions per 10,000 population by age for all males and females and for males and females with BAC less than 0.1; (2) the distribution of BAC for car drivers, motorcyclists and pedestrians. It was found that teenagers, old people, and alcohol-affected young and middle-aged males were at increased risk of serious injuries from crash involvement as a pedestrian. The author recommends that young and middle-aged males should be made aware of the risk of walking on or across the road when drunk. For the covering abstract see IRRD 866577.


Each of the existing types of the electric charges come forwards in the system as the source of a kind of the dipole moment. Therefore, to investigate these regularities, we have established the compound structures of Dirac and Pauli form factors. They state that the electron possesses as well as the anomalous electric charge.


Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is known to affect the nerve cells of the spinal cord and brain, yet is not fully understood. However, in recent years scientists have made great progress in describing the cause of disease pathogenesis. This vast wealth must be collected and organized in a logical way so that it can be maximally useful in these efforts to find a cure. The ALS diseased state may be thought of as a deviation from the normal biological processes that occur in healthy cells. We have utilized Petri nets, a mathematical and graphical modeling language, to model some of the biological processes implicated in ALS. We have also executed an invariant analysis analysis on the model. Our results will help target further research to areas where the Petri net is incomplete in order to attain a comprehensive model and a more complete understanding of ALS.


A method for the recognition of moving objects from a sequence of time-varying images is presented. The method consists of two phases: an estimation phase of optical flow field and an interpretation phase where a qualitative analysis of optical flow patterns is performed. The two phases interact each other in order to provide a final map in which areas of the image interested by the same motion are isolated and classified. For the estimation phase a gradient-based approach has been selected, that provides a linear optical flow map. In the interpretation phase the optical flow field is regarded as a 2D linear system of differential equations and then the geometric theory of differential equations is used. The whole algorithm is implemented by means of an Hopfield neural network. Experimental results on synthetic images are given.


To obtain anti-tumor peptide of tumstatin and detect its biological activity, the nucleotide sequence encoding 185~203 amino acids (19 peptide) of tumstatin was synthesized and inserted into the fusion protein vector pTYB2.After identification by sequencing and restriction, the recombinant vector was transformed into ~E.coli BL-21 (DE3). Transformants were induced by IPTG, and then expressed. By DTT reduction, the soluble 19 peptide was obtained from chitin affinity chromatography. The biological activities of 19 peptide were determined by MTT assay, cell growth curve and effect of the ascitic fluid transfevent H22 hepatoma of mice and histopathological slice. The purified 19 peptide directly inhibited proliferation and migration of murine B16 melanoma cell, SMMC-7721 hepatoma carcinoma cell, human umbilical vein endothelial cell.The tumor inhibition rate of ascitic fluid transfevent H22 hepatoma in mice was 48.46%.Histopathological slice showed that it could promote tumor tissue necrosis and decrease the density of blood vessel. With higher anti-tumor activity, 19 peptide has potential to become a novel, potent anti-tumor agent.


PURPOSE: A method of producing trimethylolpropane is provided, which is useful as a raw material for polyester resins, alkyd resins, polyurethane resins, polycarbonate resins, plasticizers, lubricating oils, surfactants, basis for cosmetics, reactive monomers, etc. CONSTITUTION: A method of producing a highly pure trimethylolpropane from a crude trimethylolpropane obtained by a reaction of n-butyl aldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst in a two-stage process of an aldol condensation and a crossed Cannizzaro reaction. Since a high-boiling component and an inorganic salt are removed in advance from the crude trimethylolpropane, hardly removable impurities such as condensation products in the crude trimethylolpropane are changed in the subsequent heat treatment under acidic conditions to components easily removable by distillation. By distilling the heat-treated crude trimethylolpropane, a highly pure trimethylolpropane with a low content of remaining formaldehyde and a low coloring degree is easily obtained.