Gas leakages from producing and abandoned oil and gas wells are considered a threat to the environment and increase greenhouse gas emissions. They are also a cause of sustained casing pressure and other wellbore integrity problems, which are significant operational and safety issues. Cement integrity in oil and gas wells is crucial to ensure excellent zonal isolation and prevent gas migration to the surface over a long production time. Therefore, cement slurry should be carefully designed to yield better performance in sealing the annulus between the casing and drilled formations. This study introduces a novel additive to improve the cement slurry properties and mitigate the gas migration problem.
 The new cement formulation consists of water, dispersant, retarder, cement (class G), and a novel polymeric anti-gas migration additive. To evaluate the performance of the new additive, several formulations were prepared by varying the additive concentrations from 0 to 6.0% by weight of cement (BWOC). The mixing process was first optimized to fulfill better slurry performance. The effect of the new additive on static gel strength (SGS), gas migration, slurry rheology, fluid loss, consistency, thickening time, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was studied at 70°C and 90°C. Static gel strength was the primary indicator of cement slurry's ability to resist gas migration; therefore, it was initially used to optimize the additive concentration. Eventually, the optimized formulation was tested on a new experimental pipe setup to simulate the actual well conditions.
 The SGS results showed that the new additive could effectively reduce the gas transition time to 15-25 minutes for the optimum concentration, compared to around 50 min for the base cement. The optimum concentration was found in the range of 1.5-3% BWOC. Adding more than this concentration would increase the cementing operation cost without further improving the performance. Consistency and rheological measurements confirmed the excellent stability and pumpability of the new cement slurry with this concentration range. The new additive performed better with increasing temperature up to the maximum testing temperature, 90°C. A high reduction in the fluid loss was also observed with the introduced additive compared to base cement slurry and other commercial additives. Pipe test results showed that the new additive completely stopped gas migration, and no gas leakage was observed for more than 24 hrs. In contrast, a high leakage rate was observed with the base cement after only 4-6 hrs.
 The findings of this study are promising. Adding 1.5-3.0% BWOC of the new additive was adequate to maintain cement slurry expansion and develop enough static gel strength in a short time. Using the introduced cement formulation with more optimization to the cementing operation would significantly improve wellbore integrity for short-term and long-term operations.


The authors describe a method for estimating backscatter coefficients of excised human liver samples and the RMI413A tissue equivalent phantom, using the J/sub 0/ Bessel nondiffracting transducer. A formula for the calculation of backscatter coefficients that requires only two one-dimensional integrations in addition to one-dimensional Fourier transforms is presented. This equation in combination with backscatter from a J/sub 0/ Bessel nondiffracting beam results in the ability to calculate backscatter coefficients in real time. In addition, estimations of the backscatter coefficients are more distance-independent because of the nonspreading nature of the J/sub 0/ Bessel nondiffracting beam. The present results compare well to those obtained by the conventional focused Gaussian beam transducer.<<ETX>>


Since various sensors and appliances will be installed in the near future, these devices usually accompanies a large number of computation needs. The centralized computing is not the only solution in this new network environment. Instead of centralized computing, distributing the computing tasks to edge computing servers to further reduce the latency and costs and mitigate the computing loading of the central server is a potential solution. How to deploy the edge computing servers in such network environment has become a promising research issue in recent years, and therefore a novel metaheuristic algorithm is presented in this paper to deploy the edge computing servers. Different from other metaheuristic algorithms, the proposed method will divide the "search space" into a certain number of subspaces and assess the investment of each subspace based on the potential to determine whether to increase or decrease the computation resource of a subspace during the convergence process. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can find a better result than all the other search algorithms compared in this paper for solving the deployment problem of edge computing servers.


Little is known about the association between prescribing of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication and the patient's age, gender, and type of medical institution in Asia region.


Simple Summary Since their advent in 1904, captive bolt devices have been used in abattoirs in Europe to produce an unconscious state in cattle prior to bleeding, to ensure that they suffer no pain during the process. These devices employ a single-use cartridge containing a propellant and no bullet (known as a blank cartridge) to rapidly provide a large quantity of gas through chemical combustion. This gas propels a piston (captive bolt) onto the head of the animal to produce a concussion that is severe enough to produce rapid brain dysfunction, preventing the brain from operating at a state where pain can be perceived by the animal. Subsequent penetration of the bolt is designed to prevent recovery from the stunned state by producing further mechanical damage to the brain. This paper examines and discusses variations in the performance of some blank cartridges in producing sufficient velocity and therefore energy to stun animals, thereby affecting animal welfare at slaughter. Abstract Blank cartridges produce gas through deflagration and are used as the main power source in captive bolt devices used within abattoirs and on farms in Europe. The European legislation recognises this and requires users to follow manufacturers' recommendations in terms of which power cartridge to use. Variation in cartridge performance of Eley (E) cartridges was found in previous research, which was published before Accles and Shelvoke (AS) started full production of their own cartridges. This work examined cartridge performance, structural integrity and dimensional tolerances, and found that the new AS cartridges that varied more greatly in performance in terms of velocity, kinetic energy and mechanical stability of casing than the more established E cartridges. In this study, 15% of the cartridges split at the primer flange on firing, resulting in less kinetic energy, which could impact the ability of the captive bolt to produce a successful stun. This, combined with the variation in performance in a primary component of a device that should have a uniform performance, could lead to animal welfare issues as this variation cannot be predetermined by examination of the cartridge pre firing.


Plant-based protein ingredients are an emerging solution to the environmental and health issues associated with animal-based proteins. Pulses have become a promising source of these plant-based ingredients. In order to produce functional proteins from pulse grains, extensive processing must be conducted to extract their proteins. These processing steps have consequential effects on the composition and structure of the resulting proteins which may modify their functional properties. This study reviews the most prominent options for each unit operation of pulse protein processing such as extraction, isolation, and drying. It also emphasizes the benefits and drawbacks of such methods and their effects on the pulse protein functionality. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis is discussed as an optional processing step that is thought to counteract loss of functionality associated with pulse protein isolation. However, review of enzymatic hydrolysis literature reveals methodological issues in which insoluble and nonfunctional fractions of pulse protein hydrolysates are removed before analysis. This literature may draw into question the validity of the conventional wisdom that enzymatic hydrolysis is always beneficial to protein functionality.


The present invention relates to a provided by the relief of the surface of the molding method on the surface (21) a workpiece (4) of compacted sintered parts, which by means of a molded part (3), the molding member in the working direction (22) moves to the upper surface is provided (21), wherein the working direction (22) radially along the workpiece (4) is stretched, molded part (3) to the contact surface (5) of the concavo-convex shaped appearance (20) acting in the working direction (22) on the surface of the workpiece (4) (21).


Increasingly complex global competition, uncertain customer demands, and increasing customer expectations are the driving forces in implementing more optimal productivity such as the lean operation. In carrying out its operational activities, the company's production process has not been able to run efficiently due to waste of defective products. This study uses primary and secondary data. This study also uses observation and documentation data collection method. To implement lean operation, the PDCA method is used which supported by tools such as the seven basic tools of TQM, VSM, and FMEA. By implementing the lean operation, it has been proved to reduce the number of defective products. For ODAKPR products, defects from overlock results are not paralleled decreased 72,95% to 102 pieces, perforated overdeck stitches decreased 76,42% to 75 pieces, misalignment of labels decreased 78,15% to 52 pieces. For OJAKPR products, defects from overlock results are not paralleled decreased 62,40% to 97 pieces, perforated overdeck stitches decreased 69,06% to 69 pieces, misalignment of labels decreased 73,77% to 48 pieces. For CJPPR products, defects of overdeck suture distance decreased 65,80% to 92 pieces, misalignment of labels decreased 76,76% to 56 pieces, overlock results are not paralleled decreased 77,96% to 41 pieces.


Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by high production of inflammatory cytokines. Conventional biomarkers, such as IL-18 are reportedly not always associated with frequent relapses or complication with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). As few specific biomarkers that can indicate and evaluate the sJIA disease activity have been identified, the discovery of biomarkers is very important. We performed a deep proteomic analysis of serum samples from nine patients with sJIA using highly sensitive mass spectrometry, and identified differentially expressed proteins in various disease phases. We selected 68 proteins (URPs) that were highly expressed in the active phase from total of 2,727 proteins. Pathway analysis revealed that the URPs included proteins related to many immune process and proteasome proteins, which might be associated with the pathogenesis of sJIA. Based on these results, four proteins (leucine aminopeptidase 3; LAP3, guanylate-binding protein 1; GBP1, Heme oxygenase 1; HMOX1, and bone morphogenetic protein 10; BMP10), which exhibit high fold changes during the active phase or which might be core proteins in the functional network were selected as candidate biomarkers. These proteins may be clinically useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and might help determine the pathogenesis of the disease.


This paper proposes a method to establish an asynchronous brain computer interface (BCI) system based on master-slave features. The features are extracted from motor imagery (MI) EEGs. Utilizing BP (Bereitschafts potential) feature as the master feature can detect the no-control (NC) / intentional control (IC) states in an asynchronous BCI system. EEG rhythm energy ratio is extracted as the slave feature based on event related synchronization and de-synchronization (ERS/ERD) phenomenon to identify the binary intention. Using the EEGs of imagination of the left/right hand movement, an asynchronous BCI experimental system protocol based on master-slave features is presented. The performance is evaluated by testing, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed system.


Today's society is in a process of reconfiguration because of globalization and neoliberalism. In this space we will undertake the task of identifying the advances and setbacks that cooperatives present in the face of the changes that our country suffers from the proposal of a different economy. The objective is to redefine how the cooperatives movement not only has the emancipating part in practice and discourse, but also establishes a series of triggers that facilitate its application and appropriation in a more rapid way. Thus, arises the proposal of a different economy, that is, the Social Economy, it is developed from the idea of collective well-being and the supremacy of human over capital.
Received: 16 October 2020Accepted: 03 December 2020


This report pertains to 12 cases, 10 boys and two girls between the ages of 8 and 16, who sniffed lighter fluid to the point of euphoria and intoxication. All 12 had been arrested prior to the sniffing and charged with delinquent activities such as stealing, truancy and destruction of property. The euphoria from sniffing did not appear to lead directly to anti-social behavior although two of the boys were frequently arrested for shoplifting the fluid. Most of the children while sniffing were involved in some sexual activities, singly or in groups and homosexual or heterosexual in nature. In these instances the effects of the sniffing did appear to stimulate erotic phantasies and behavior. Most of the boys had poor school performance and learning difficulties related in part to their restlessness and truancy. Their general behavioral patterns showed a marked tendency toward impulsivity and overactivity. Thus it would appear that this group is oriented more towards a nonverbal, action-centered adaptation. F...


A supervised dynamic neural network is used to detect microcalcifications in digitized mammograms. A segmentation process is used to extract candidate objects from the mammogram, and then the neural network is used to determine if the candidate object is a microcalcification. A simple postprocessing procedure is applied to the results to check for clusters of microcalcifications. The neural network method is compared to the K-nearest neighbor method. The artificial neural network (ANN) used for pattern classification is called cascade correlation (CC). The true positive detection rate of the CC ANN for individual microcalcifications is 73% and 92% for nonmicrocalcifications. >


Abstract – The Italian poet Giovanni Giudici (1924-2011) translated and published an anthology of Robert Frost's poems titled Conoscenza della notte in 1965 and re-edited it in 1988. The contrasting critical opinions on the book prompt the initial research question on the main stylistic features of Giudici's translation of Frost and lead us to further reflections on the reasons behind the adoption of certain translation solutions and strategies. By relying on the theoretical discourse developed in the field of stylistics applied to literary translations, we focus on the contrastive linguistic analysis of source text (above all on Robert Frost's fictional orality) and target text to single out the recurrent stylistic patterns that can be attributed either to the translator or to the source text author. In order to understand better these stylistic patterns in the target text, interpreted as mainly conscious (but also partly unconscious) choices of the translator, we contextualize them by taking into account a diachronic perspective that stresses their genesis and development in Giudici's translation work. The results shed light on the stylistic features of Giudici's translation of Frost and on Giudici's style as a translator and as a poet in general. They also confirm that the analysis of style in translation can be an effective tool for the interpretation and criticism of literary translations and literary texts.


In this sculptural virtual reality piece, Shawn Hunt (Heiltsuk) invites the viewer to experience Indigenous storytelling and performance. Conventionally, hand-carved and painted Heiltsuk transformation masks evidence the intimate relationships between humans, ancestors, and other living beings. In ceremony, the wearer of the mask opens the exterior visage to reveal an interior figure, often a stylized face of an ancestor or spirit. Hunt's artwork maintains the customary form and function of the transformation mask – the sleek, graphic form of Raven's head – while incorporating holographic projections, integrated sound effects, and a plethora of robotic and electronic components. In collaboration with Microsoft, Hunt integrates the tech giant's HoloLens into a Raven mask constructed of more than 20 3D-printed elements. TransformationMask creates an unparalleled immersive experience as viewers not only witness the Raven's transformation into a cyborg, but also participate in their ownmetamorphoses as the mask opens to reveal the viewer's face inside.


Up to now, dual economic theory has experienced evolution for half a century and it has played an un neglectable part in guiding the practice of economic development in developing countries. Since the1980s, with the rapid development of new growth theory, new trade theory and branches of new institution theory, dual economic theory has made new development, whose application is reflected in much empirical research. On the basis of making emphasized comment, the paper analyses the trends and characteristics of dual economic structure in China.


Objective To observe the effect of reversing myocardial remodeling and improving cardiac function in CHF patients with lotensin or lotensin and different doses of spironolactone.Methods Ninety patients were randomized to three groups,respectively lotensin,lotensin with 20mg spironolactone and lotensin with 40mg spironolactone.TNFα,Ald,AngⅡ,LA,LVEDD,LVEDV and EF were measured before and after 12 weeks treatment.Results(1)There were significant decreases in the level of TNF-α,Ald,AngⅡ,LA,LVEDD,LVEDV after treatment compared with before in three groups(P0.01).(2)Myocardial remodeling and EF were improved.(3)C group was the best among the three groups.Conclusion The treatment of lotensin with different doses of spironolactone can further reverse myocardial remodeling and improve EF via decreasing TNF-α,AngⅡ and Ald in CHF patients.


Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector borne diseases in the world, transmitted by sand flies. Despite efforts to prevent the spread of the disease, cases continue worldwide. In Iran, the disease usually occurs in children under 10 years. In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate is 95–100%. The main objective of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of visceral leishmaniasis as well as its correlation with climatic factors for determining high-risk areas in an endemic focus in northwestern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on VL cases were collected from local health centers in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2001–2015 to establish a geodatabase using ArcGIS10.3. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS23 and ArcMap Spatial Analyst. MaxEnt model was used to determine ecologically suitable nichesfor the disease. Results: Two hotspots were found in Meshkinshahr and Germi counties with 59% and 23% of total cases, respectively. There was an increase in the incidence rate of VL in Ardabil County from 2.9 in 2009 to 9.2/100,000 population in 2015. There was no spatial autocorrelation between county and total number of cases (P> 0.05). Higher NDVI, lower altitude and southern aspects had positive effects on the presence probability of VL. Conclusion: The number of cases of this disease have been rising since 2013 and doubled in 2015. According to the derived distribution maps, the disease is spreading to new locations such as Ardabil and Namin counties.


1. A rapid development process 2. Methodology overview 3. Team composition 4. CASE tools 5. Higher levels of reuse 6. Development tips 7. Conclusions Glossary.


This paper proposes how to determine a voltage sequence for time to realize a non-impact electrostatic micromanipulation by kinetic control of a detached particle. The system consists of a manipulation probe, a spherical microparticle, and a substrate plate. These objects are all conductive. The particle initially sticks to the probe tip due to adhesional force and is detached by the applied voltage. The force on the particle, which is generated by electrostatic interaction, is evaluated through a boundary element method. Although the numerical method is used, all the parameters are normalized. Based on the evaluation, we propose the simple method by accelerating and decelerating voltage, and clearly express the conditions of voltage and time by considering the total work to the particle during its flight. The discussion about the time reveals the feasibility of the method from the viewpoint of the through-rate of a power-source.


Resistance gene analog (RGA)-anchored amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-RGA) marker system was used in order to evaluate genetic relationships among 22 pigeon pea genotypes with varied responses to Fusarium wilt and sterility mosaic disease. Five AFLP-RGA primer combinations (E-CAG/wlrk-S, M-GTG/wlrk-S, M-GTG/wlrk-AS, E-CAT/S1-INV and E-CAG/wlrk-AS) produced 173 scorable fragments, of which 157 (90.7%) were polymorphic, with an average of 31.4 fragments per primer combination. The polymorphism rates obtained with the five primers were 83.3%, 92.0%, 92.3%, 93.0% and 93.1%, respectively. Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.24 (with E-CAT/S1-INV) to 0.30 (with E-CAG/wlrk-AS), whereas resolving power (RP) values varied from 11.06 (with M-GTG/wlrk-S) to 25.51 (with E-CAG/wlrk-AS) and marker index (MI) values ranged from 5.98 (with M-GTG/wlrk-S) to 12.30 (with E-CAG/wlrk-AS). We identified a positive correlation between MI and RP (r2=0.98, p<0.05), stronger that that observed for the comparison between PIC and RP (r2=0.88, p<0.05). That implies that either MI or RP is the best parameter for selecting more informative AFLP-RGA primer combinations. The Jaccard coefficient ranged from 0.07 to 0.72, suggesting a broad genetic base in the genotypes studied. A neighbor-joining tree, based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, distinguished cultivated species from wild species. The grouping of resistant genotypes in different clusters would help in the selection of suitable donors for resistance breeding in pigeon pea.


The article suggests the architecture solution based on the digital twin object model. The solution is based on a synthesis of relevant knowledge about international concepts of digital transformation of production systems. The design model is an information object model. The architectural concept is based on that the state of values of properties material assets, petroleum products, is affected by the state of the values of the parameters of the role equipment. On the one hand, the process control contour boundary is a cost center, on the other hand – is a profit center. The presented model is a digital twin of the hydrotreating process. The architecture solution can be replicated for other technological processes (or their segments) of production, which have continuous production in their life cycle. The architecture is consistent with the architecture of IoT, provides the ability to use synthesized machine learning technologies, takes into account landscape interoperability, provides business logic SAP ERP. Designing model approach as part of a software solution bases on the principles of system engineering (Model-based systems engineering, MBSE, system modeling notation SуSML).


Multifrequency phase and modulation fluorometry and a fluorescent sterol analogue,▵5,7,9 (11) cholestatrien-3$-ol (CTE), were used to examine properties of sterols in l-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUV). The fluorescence decay of CTE in POPC SUV was examined both by sum of exponentials and by distributional analyses. The data best fit a continuous distribution of lifetimes with a two component Lorentzian function. The centers of lifetime distribution were near c1=0.86 ns and c2=3.24 ns, fractional intensities f1=0.96 and f2=0.04, and peak widths were very narrow. The centers of lifetime distribution, fractional intensities, and peak width at half-height were highly dependent on cholesterol content and vesicle curvature. In the range 0-6 mole %, CTE underwent a concentration dependent transition characterized by red shifted wavelengths of absorption maxima as well as altered ratios of absorbance maxima and fluorescence excitation maxima at 338nm/325nm. Fluorescence intensity of CTE increased up to 6 mole % CTE in POPC SUV while other parameters remained relatively constant. In contrast, between 6-33 mole % CTE, the CTE interacted to self-quench thereby decreasing fluorescence intensity, quantum yield, steady state anisotropy, limiting anisotropy, and rotational relaxation time without decreasing lifetime. The results were consistent with the interpretation that below 6 mole % sterol, the sterols behaved as monomers exposed to some degree to the aqueous solvent in POPC SUV. At higher concentrations the sterol partially segregated. At low mole %, CTE was an excellent probe molecule for determination of the motional properties of sterols in POPC membranes.


Indonesia Abstract Deforestation, intensive cultivation, and mismanagement in Tutur district have caused soil degradation and environmental problems. Soils which develop under secondary forests in west slope of Bromo mountain have been degraded by land-use changes (LUC). The effects of long-term LUC and cultivation were evaluated for six land-use types (LUT) including: 1) secondary forest of natural re-growth (UF), land use changes from forest to 2) vegetables, 3) apple, and 4) Coffee garden with understory plant, 5) Coffee garden without understory plant, and 6). Agro forestry. This study was aim to identify indicators of location specific soil-quality on different land-use types. Soils were sampled from identified cropping system and from forest areas were analyzed soil chemical and physical characteristics. Important soil quality indicators were identified and was developed for the area. Result of the experiment showed that almost all of soil- quality indicators changed significantly to land use changes. Average of soil total nitrogen, Soil organic varbon, pH (H20 and KCl), water aggreagte stability, cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay value were 0.04, -0.77, -0.29, -0.38, -6.49, -9.83, -36.40 respectively. While soil P, silt and sand were increased 16.50, 29.80, and 6.80 respectively. The value of CEC has positive correlation to soil clay and Org-C, and it have negative correlation to silt and


We present in this paper the results of an energetic study of the excitation spectrum in doped polyselenophene. The calculations show that polarons and bipolarons are the lowest-lying energy charged states, the creation of bipolarons taking place more readily than that of two polarons, as in similar heterocyclic polymers. We compare the theoretical results with experimental data, such as the evolution of optical and magnetic properties upon doping. The presence of polarons and bipolarons is shown to be consistent with the main features of the spectra.


Self-assembly and non-covalent interactions are employed for the
preparation of a new family of cationic artificial supramolecular
multiporphyrin aggregates incorporating Pd
 II
 and
Pt
 II
 bisphosphane complexes as auxiliaries.


This paper introduces definitions and constructions of public key infrastructure, certification authority and XTR public key system, describes the principle of digital signature of XTR-Nyberg-Rueppel signatures, and then designs a certificate authority system by using this kind of signature in order to save the time and space both in communication and computation without compromising security.


Community pharmacies in Pretoria were surveyed to determine the slocking of 19 antidotes in these pharmacies and to establish the reasons for non-availability, A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacies located in Pretoria was conducted. These pharmacies were identified through a list provided by the South African Pharmacy Council. Questionnaires were sent to all 64 pharmacies listed. Thirty (47%) of 64 questionnaires were completed by pharmacists ut these pharmacies. This study found a great variability in the stocking of antidotes. Twelve (40%) out of 30 pharmacies stocked no antidotes at all. None of the pharmacies kept all antidotes, although one kept 11 (57.9%) of the 19 antidotes listed. With regard to individual antidotes, the most stocked were sodium polystyrene (67%), sodium bicarbonate (56.7%), folinic acid (50%), activated charcoal (40%), N-acetylcysteine (33.3%), ipecacuanha (33.3%), disulfiram (33.3%), citric acid (26.7%) and atropine (26.7%). The reasons for the unavailability of antid...


Recently,an important approach for mineral resources prospecting and exploration has emerged.It includes obtaining multi-source data by methods of geological,geophysics,geochemistry,and remote sensing;discovery,extraction,conversion and correlation of the multi-source data;and development of a metallogenic prediction model integrated with comprehensive information techniques.Taking the Keshenketeng Qi area in Inner Mongolia as an example,based on its geological setting and metallogenic regularities,this paper analyzes and extracts the comprehensive metallogenic information by GIS technique,and develops a weighted evidence model.Then we perform metallogenic prognosis in the study area.The practice proves its metallogenic significance as an important technique and method.Meanwhile we point out a prospecting potential in the investigated area.


Adlerian applications of sandtray play therapy is one strategy used by play therapists who practice Adlerian play therapy. Adlerians use a plethora of different kinds of sand trays: spontaneous, non-directed, semi-directed, directed, quasi-directed, therapist-created, and co-created trays with child, adolescents, and adult clients, as well as with families and in parent and teacher consultation. While there is a general guideline of 7 steps in Adlerian sand tray play therapy sessions, therapists can use their own creativity and flexibility to adjust this process based on the needs of individual clients and their treatment plan for working with them. Adlerian play therapists use sandtray therapy in all four phases of therapy: building the relationship, exploring clients' lifestyles, helping clients gain insight into their lifestyles, and reorienting/re-educating clients by facilitating changes in behavior, emotions, and cognitions.


QiYu is the Book of Songs in a poem,It does this by bamboo image to trigger a virtuous moral character.this is not a mere coincidence,but from the Wei Country's unique regional culture.On the other hand,the bamboo imagery also reflect the unique local culture.


Abstract General assumption of the paper is that perception results in some internal structures which may be converted into symbols being raphs and natural languages. Conclusiveness (decidability) of any natural language is investigated by analogy to the formal theories: the real world being perceived is treated as metatheory whereas events, images, and scenes are considered as a metalanguage, and all symbols representing the real world (the symbols include all natural languages) are viewed as a theory. Any natural language comprises descriptions (representations) of properties, features, relations, and expressions relating to the physical laws of the real world. Any subset of the theory (e.g., a natural language) forms a language, as in formal theories. The conclusiveness is investigated using recognition processes and one-one correspondence between expressions of a natural language and graphs representing events. The graphs, as conceived in psycholinguistics, are obtained as a result of perception proce...


In the article analyzed different aspects related with consumers of products, which represented on the market. Some methodological approaches proposed to measuring loyalty and analysis of efficiency this activity.


Major e-beam nonlinearities are identified by a vision system in production coaters. A silica evaporation model is used to investigate deposition rate dynamics and source thermal distribution to develop improved sweep designs for subliming materials.


A new interrogation method based on Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) for Surface Plamon Resonance (SPR) sensors in the region of refractive indices of aqueous solutions is described. Two FBGs are selected with their Bragg wavelengths at opposite sides of the plasmon resonance peak. The response of the system can be made independent of the fluctuations of the optical power source, and the linearity and the sensitivity of the sensor are improved. The use of the spectral selectivity of gratings for the interrogation of SPR sensors in different configurations is also promising in terms of multiplexing, temperature referencing or multiparameter detection.


Objective To investigate the level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in normal human dental pulps,pulps suffered from caries,and inflamed pulp tissues to examine possible relationship between the TNF-α and caries.Methods Pulps were obtained from three groups of teeth,including 30 healthy teeth,38 carious teeth and 32 teeth with root caries pulpitis.Pulp tissues were collected,prepared,and analyzed for TNF-α concentration by ELISA technique.Results TNF-α was detected in the normal and caries and inflamed pulp tissues.The content of TNF-α was(45.67)±(23.35pg/g) for normal dental pulp,(338.96)±(87.54pg/g) for caries,and(975.13)±(362.87pg/g) for inflamed pulp tissues.There were significant differences in TNF-α concentration between the normal dental pulps and the carious teeht(P(0.01));between the normal and the inflamed pulp tissues(P(0.01));and between the carious and inflamed pulp tissues(P(0.05)).Conclusion TNF-α was evidenced in the active carious lesion and in the inflamed pulp tissues.TNF-α can be an important marker for determining pulp inflammation as the result of caries.


A series of experiments in seminatural conditions with bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) and weasels Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 was designed to show if (i) a short visit by a weasel into an area, and (ii) its scent alone left there, would influence the use of space by bank voles, and whether the age, sex, and reproductive activity of bank voles would differentiate their responses to the risk of predation. Forty-five bank voles were released into an outdoor enclosure (150 m2) divided into three pens of equal size. The risk of predation was manipulated by introducing a weasel into either one or two pens for 24 or 2 h. Changes in the use of space by voles were determined by livetrapping in pens for 11 days after each manipulation. The pens that had been penetrated by weasels were avoided by voles for several days following each introduction of a weasel. The pens where prey had contacted a predator, or where only the odour of a weasel remained, were equally avoided by voles. Sex- and age...


The paper aims to understand how the concept of mediatization has been addressed in their different traditions of study and discuss its theoretical potential to understand the social class in communication. To this end, we discuss: a) social classes as a subject of communication; b) the different approaches to the concept of mediatization; c) the relationships between the concepts of mediation and mediatization, trying to show what it means to study the social classes from each concept.


Preface Introduction by Jan P. Vermeer Shaping the News: An Analysis of House Candidates' Campaign Communications by Paul Bradford Raymond Liberal Campaign Rhetoric in 1984 by Richard A. Joslyn Why Some Constituencies Are Better Informed Than Most About the Positions of House Incumbents by Robert O. Simmons, Jr. Congressional Campaign Coverage in Rural Districts by Jan P. Vermeer The Scribes of Texas: Newspaper Coverage of the 1984 U.S. Senate Campaign by Jon F. Hale Mass Media Effects on Recognizing and Rating Candidates in U.S. Senate Elections by Edie N. Goldenberg and Michael Traugott Exploiting Televised Coverage of National Party Conventions on Behalf of Congressional Candidates: The Case of 1984 by Dan Nimmo and Larry Smith Show Horses in House Elections: The Advantages and Disadvantages of National Media Visibility by Timothy E. Cook Media Coverage of Congressional Elections: An Ethical Perspective by Bruce Jennings Future Research on the News Media and Congressional Elections by Paul Bradford Raymond Bibliography Index


The aim of this paper is to study the effect of different combinations of structural funds management boundary layer of air on the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft, the development of guidelines for the selection of the most successful combination of sagging, vortex, vortex generators, as well as the geometric shape, size, location of the selected funds. To conduct the study were considered layout of the aircraft 'wing + fuselage "burly and turbulence; burly and vortex generators. Scientific novelty lies in the combination of the existing structural funds management boundary layer of air (sagging, vortex, vortex generators) to ensure the best aerodynamic characteristics and parameters of stability and controllability. This article describes the panel and the vortex method of calculating the aerodynamic aircraft required to perform research and development guidelines. Examining the results of calculations, we can say that the most successful combination is a combination of sagging and vortex generators. It can significantly increase the load-bearing properties of the aircraft, especially at the critical angles of attack, the critical angle of attack, as well as the effectiveness of the cross-government. The developed guidelines can be used for any purpose aircraft, of any size.


Stem cell therapy has emerged as one of the most highly investigated new therapies for cardiovascular disease. Given the enormous health care and economic burden imposed by congestive heart failure on the United States and worldwide, the primary objective of the vast majority of preclinical and clinical research in stem cell therapy for heart disease has been aimed at the recovery or regeneration of ischemic myocardium in adult patients. Less well studied, however, is the growing epidemic of pediatric heart failure. The causes of pediatric heart failure are not homogenous as mostly seen in adult heart failure but include multiple causes related to pressure and volume overload, dysrhythmias, and ischemia triggering ventricular dysfunction.1 On the basis of promising early results in adult patients, the application of stem cell therapy to patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) could potentially offer a new treatment paradigm. Research efforts to this end have been limited to a few number of relevant preclinical animal models and scattered clinical case reports. In this issue of Circulation Research , the Transcoronary Infusion of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Patients with Single Ventricle Physiology (TICAP) trial, published by Ishigami et al2 represents an effort in the budding field of stem cell therapy for patients with CHD. Their preliminary findings are certain to garner optimism for patients with CHD but more extensive clinical and preclinical studies are needed to validate safety, mechanism, and efficacy.

Article, see p 653

It is estimated that in the past decade >5000 patients worldwide have received some form of stem cell therapy for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Among numerous stem cell types and formulations, 3 stem cell therapy candidates have emerged with promising results in early phase human clinical trials. Backed by a decade of preliminary work in large animal models, bone …


Smart city concept is a sustainable urban growth with good quality of life. By adapting governance to smart cities, governance has become more public responsible. The issues that generated resident complaints which became internal problems within LGO still overlap. The analytical method used is quantitative by using a data collection source of complaint-identified cases through the Jogja Smart Service application with the UPIK section (Information and Complaints Service Unit). Data from 2016-2019 were reported as many as 796 cases via the complaint system. In the results of this research, the existance of variable data and information are essential co-operation keys that are often overlooked, therefore there is no time relationship. Including the four variables of this article, the strongest variables are participation and engagement, while the weakest variables are data and information.


Photograph of workers who have been cleaning out the old power plant station in Denton, Texas and are transferring items to freight cars. Workers stand between two trucks. Cars are parked around the lot. The old MKT and Texas & Pacific Depot is in the background right. The depot was built in 1881 and the office was closed in 1983. The building was torn down in 1999.


Recent predictive analytics and soft computing methods enhanced the exploration of new hydrocarbon reserves. Machine learning (ML) has showed a promising role in oil and gas explorations in recent years. Among the applications, determining a proper location for injection and production wells along with their optimum operating conditions is a complex problem. This research aims to develop a unified process using surrogate proxy models to address this issue. Five robust ML models, (i) extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), (ii) light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), (iii) gradient boosting with categorical features support (CatBoost), (iv) support vector regression (SVR), and (v) multilayer perceptron (MLP), are implemented to create surrogate proxy models for estimating the net present value (NPV) of an oil reservoir. A systematic approach is used to find the best-fit hyperparameter inputs for these models. The objective of this method was to refine a broad set of hyperparameters through a random cross-validation search technique. This grid cross-validation method investigates the space narrowed in more accurate intervals. Four reservoir scenarios are considered: (i) production from a single well in a homogeneous reservoir, (ii) production from a single well in a heterogeneous channelized reservoir, (iii) production from multiple wells in a heterogeneous reservoir, and (iv) waterflooding into a heterogeneous reservoir. A reservoir simulator is implemented to create a data set of reservoir realizations with various input parameters (i.e., well location, number of wells' production-injection well distance, and interwell angles) in a broad range of operating conditions. The prediction of gradient boosting and MLP models showed a better fit to the simulated data with an R-squared (R2) above 95% in the first three scenarios and 75% in the fourth scenario. The results indicate that the implemented proxies are promising approaches to efficiently estimate the NPV of the reservoir models both during primary and secondary recovery scenarios.


Introduction Methods To collect the data, twelve entry-level women in Supply Chain Management were interviewed. Participants included female alumnae from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville who majored in Logistics/Supply Chain Management and have been working in the field 1-7 years. They were asked about their unique experiences working in the male-dominated Supply Chain field. The interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed.


Based on the observational data from two investigation cruises in the Nansha Islands sea area in spring, P-vector method is employed to calculate the current field. Computational results show that, in spring, it is basically anticyclonic meander (eddy) in the upper current field to the west of the adjacent sea area from Borneo to Palawan Island, while the flow in the deep layer is eastward by and large in the north of the Nansha Islands sea area. The evident distinction of the spatial distributions of temperature, salinity and current fields between these two cruises may be related to the difference of wind fields during the investigation periods. According to the observational results of the two cruises, the water exchange via Balabake Strait is much less in spring.


Abstract In nanoparticle image velocimentry (nPIV), evanescent wave illumination is used to measure near-wall velocity fields with an out-of-plane resolution of less than 200nm. Similar methodology can be extended for temperature measurements using Brownian motion characteristics of the sub-micron tracer particles in this region. Temperature change affects Brownian motion of tracer particles through a change in Brownian diffusion coefficient and a change in viscosity. The present study tries to numerically investigate the possibilities of utilizing this effect in near-wall thermometry. Synthetic nPIV images of the illuminated particle tracer of 100nm diameter are initially generated. The spatial distribution of the particles takes in to account near wall forces such as buoyancy, electrostatic repulsion and Van Der Waals attraction, in addition to the hindered Brownian motion. Validation studies are carried out using stationary liquids at constant temperatures. It is believed that this observation would help in explaining the anomalous heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids.


This quality improvement project suggests the utility of an interdisciplinary, coordinated team approach to chronic pain management and behavioral health services.


Funding from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT): UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) (Post-Doc grant to T. Q. Aguiar and PhD grant to E. Coelho), NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004, RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462)
and PhD grant PD/BD/113812/2015 to R. Silva.


"Ends of hyperbolic 3-manifolds should support canonical Wick Rotations, so they realize effective interactions of their ending globally hyperbolic spacetimes of constant curvature." We develop a consistent sector of WR-rescaling theory in 3D gravity, that, in particular, concretizes the above guess for many geometrically finite manifolds. ML(H2)-spacetimes are solutions of pure Lorentzian 3D gravity encoded by measured geodesic laminations of the hyperbolic plane H2, possibly invariant by any given torsion-free discrete isometry group G. The rescalings which correlate spacetimes of different curvature, as well as the conformal Wick rotations towards hyperbolic structures, are directed by the gradient of the respective canonical cosmological times, and have universal rescaling functions that only depend on their value. We get an insight into the WR-rescaling mechanism by studying rays of ML(H2)-spacetimes emanating from the static case. In particular, we determine the "derivatives" at the starting point of each ray. We point out the tamest behaviour of the cocompact G case against the different general one, even when G is of cofinite area, but non-compact. We analyze brocken T-symmetry of AdS ML(H2)-spacetimes and related earthquake failure. This helps us to figure out the main lines of development in order to achieve a complete WR rescaling theory.


Simple Summary The main dairy area of the country is in the arid central north of Mexico (25° NL). It is characterized by a dry climate with high temperatures, where dairy cattle are subject to prolonged periods of heat stress (HS). Due to this, through the THI and the year's seasons, the effect of HS upon milk production, feed-to-milk efficiency, and cow comfort was evaluated in 2467 Holstein–Friesian cows between 2016 and 2019 in an intensive dairy management system. Total milk production decreased as THI increased, while milk composition also suffered changes due to HS. The percentage of cows in production and cows' lying time exhibited a visible drop from a THI of 68–71. Differences were also observed across seasons, with the highest milk production values in Winter and Spring and the lowest in Summer. In the same way, lying time differed among seasons, with a longer resting time in Winter and less time in Summer. Finally, the potential economic burden that HS caused at the producer and industry-market levels and its impact on nutrient and alimentary security at the societal level were also quantified. Abstract The possible effect of heat stress (HS), measured with the temperature–humidity index (THI) across seasons of the year (SY) upon milk production (MP), feed-to-milk efficiency (FME), and cow comfort (CC) was assessed in Holstein–Friesian cows in northern-arid Mexico. Data from 2467 cows (2146 milking and 321 dry) were recorded across SY [spring (SP), summer (SM), autumn (AT), and winter (WN)] between 2016 and 2019 in an intensive dairy farm located in the Comarca Lagunera (25° NL) with large fluctuations regarding ambient temperature and solar radiation. The THI was stratified into four classes: non-HS, <68; light HS, 68–71; moderate HS, 72–76; and intense HS, ≥77. The considered response variables were Milk production: both on a farm basis (totMP) and on a cow basis (cowMP); Nutritional efficiency: dry matter intake (DMI, kg); Feed conversion efficiency (FCE, kg) and energy-corrected milk (ECM, kg); Percentage of milking cows: (MC%); and Cow comfort: lying time (LT, h). Analyses of variance for unbalanced data were performed through "R". Both totMP and cowMP differed (p < 0.05) as HS increased; the largest values (i.e., 77,886 L and 35.9 L) occurred at lower THIs (i.e., <68 and 68–71) while the milk production fell (i.e., 66,584 L and 31.7 L) with the highest THIs (i.e., ≥77). Not only feed-to-milk efficiency (i.e., DMI, FCE, and ECM) but also the MC% exhibited a similar trend; a visible drop (p < 0.05) occurred from a THI of 68–71 onwards. Furthermore, the LT declined as the THI augmented, from 10.6 h at <68 to 8.5 h at ≥77. Moreover, differences (p < 0.05) also arose across seasons; TotMP, cowMP, DMI, FCE, and ECM revealed their largest (p < 0.05) values in WN and SP, halfway ones in AT, with the lowermost figures in SM. In the same way, cow comfort differed (p < 0.05) among seasons, with diverse lying times (h); WT, 10.5; AT, 10.20; SP, 9.3 h; and 8.8 in SM. Finally, the potential economic burden that HS caused at the producer (USD 233.2 million) and industry-market levels (USD 311.1 M), as well as its impact upon nutrient and alimentary security at the society level (i.e., 311 M milk liters and 195,415.82 Gcal), were also quantified.


Objective:To improve the achievement ratio of model imported using hypermesh and Pro/E software to constructing a 3-D FE model of immediately loaded screw-type dental implant for finite element analysis. Methods: Firstly, establish 3-D model using self-adaptation of Pro/E software, then Import 3-D model to Hypermesh sofeware; finally, mesh element and import 3-D FE model to ABAQUS software. Results: Whenever 3-D model was imported to Hypermesh software and exported to ABAQUS software, the distortion did not happened. The element meshed was the more regular. Conclusion: Use self-adaptation of Pro/E software to improve the speed of establishing 3-D model, use pre-processing of Hypermesh software to avoid the distortion of model and improve the precision of calculation.


Abstract : Multiple criteria decision analysis is widely used in a variety of fields, and offers a normative technique to justification of a decision. In most real decisions, uncertainty will be present, and the techniques for dealing with uncertainty are varied and depend on the properties of the decision to be made. This work summarizes a variety of relevant techniques and provides some commentary about their history, intended applications, strengths, and weaknesses. This work is intended to introduce the techniques and provide the novice with an overview of some available methods. For each of the techniques presented, a wealth of sources are cited for more detailed study so that a chosen method may be applied to a decision of interest.


The paper describes a strategy we use to translate an existing conventional archive into a digital form. The method is directed to large archives comprising documents with essential graphic constituent (handwritten texts, photographs, drawings, etc.) that result in images. Our technology of image digitization, storage and presentation in multiple resolutions is specifically discussed. Main structural components of the digital archive are relational database and image bank, physically separated but logically linked together. The components make up three-level distributed structure consisting of primary archive, its regional replicas, and various secondary archives (among them subsets presented in the Web and CD/DVD-ROM collections). Only authorized user is allowed to access two upper levels, and the bottom level is open for free public access. A secondary archive is created and updated automatically without special development. Images in the bank are stored in multiple resolutions, and linking the proper image to a database record comes to be dynamical, dependent of user interaction context (e.g. channel bandwidth, user permissions, etc.) Such construction allows us to combine reliable storage, easy access and avoid intellectual property protection issues. We also presents several digital archives already implemented on this basis in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.


Abstract— This paper addresses robust consensus problems among multiple agents with uncertain parameters constrained in a given set. Specifically, the network coefficients are sup posed polynomial functions of an uncertain vector constrained in a set described by polynomial inequalities. First, the pape r provides a necessary and sufficient condition for robust firs torder consensus based on the eigenvalues of the uncertain Laplacian matrix. Based on this condition, a sufficient condition for robust first-order consensus is derived by solving a line ar matrix inequality (LMI) problem built by exploiting sumof-squares (SOS) polynomials. Then, the paper provides a necessary and sufficient condition for robust second-order consensus through the uncertain expanded Laplacian matrix and Lyapunov stability theory. Based on this condition, a sufficient condition for robust second-order consensus is d erived by solving an LMI problem built by exploiting SOS matrix polynomials. Some numerical examples illustrate the propo sed results.


See related research article on page [824][1] and at [www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.140078][2]

Vaccination programs are a highly effective public health intervention, having led to dramatic reductions in childhood morbidity and mortality. However, as the recent measles outbreaks in Canada


With the increasing number of electric vehicles, the charging load of electric vehicles has a huge impact on the scheduling and operation of the grid. Therefore, the charging load forecasting of the electric vehicle population has important significance to the safety and stability of the grid. This paper proposes an electric vehicle load forecasting model based on fuzzy C-means and long short term memory neural network. Firstly, the daily loads of electric vehicles are clustered by fuzzy C-means to obtain different daily load types. Then, this paper selects the factors affecting the load as input characteristics, such as temperature, precipitation. Neural network parameters of different load types are trained, and all types of loads are predicted. Next, predicted loads of various types are added to the total forecast load. Finally, the method of this article is verified by using the actual data of a certain place. The results show that the accuracy of the forecasting methods mentioned in this paper is relatively high.


Through operative cooperation of 68 endoscopic operation in temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the authors concluded perfect preoperative preparation, operating nurses' cooperation including knowing well operative procedures and use of TMJ endoscope and TMJ pressure-measuring apparatus, rounding nurses' intense attention to mental care and the use condition of the instruments, postoperative proper disinfections and maintenance of the instruments, all of which are important for the smooth development of new techniques.


. Several properties of Anick's spaces are established which give a retraction of Anick's (cid:10) T 1 o(cid:11) (cid:10) 2 P 2 np +1 ( p r ) if r (cid:21) 2 and p (cid:21) 5. The proof is alternate to and more immediate than the two proofs of Neisendorfer's.


American Foreign Firms play a second important role in China's modern Foreign economy. It's architectural heritage culture occupies an important part of Canton's business culture. Against the backdrop of the great importance of culture in building Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this paper analyses how the architecture of American firms evolve in layout, style, material and structure, aiming to discuss the culture value of architecture of American firms and provide advice for value assessment and protection of commercial and trade architectures in GBA.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding a low dose of lipoic acid on attenuating soybean β-conglycinin-induced hypersensitivity using a rat model, with ovalbumin as the positive allergic control. Forty-eight recently weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four treatments and fed a cornstarch-casein-based diet either unsupplemented (Groups I, II and III) or supplemented with 25 mg/kg lipoic acid (Group IV). On days 1, 10, 17, and 24, Groups III and IV were sensitised with 20 mg β-conglycinin by means of intragastric gavage, while Group II was sensitised with 20 mg ovalbumin and Group I (control) with casein. On day 31, rats received a double dose of β-conglycinin, ovalbumin or casein, respectively. Ovalbumin-sensitised rats (Group II) and β-conglycinin-sensitised rats (Group III) demonstrated an increase in serum IgE and histamine release, but reduced growth performance compared to the control (Group I) (p < 0.05). A low dose of lipoic acid had no effect on average weight gain, but increased villus height in the jejunum (p < 0.05), while reducing serum β-conglycinin-specific IgE and histamine content in the jejunum. Moreover, lipoic acid supplementation did not significantly affect interferon-γ or interleukin-4. Taken together, our results suggest that a low dose of lipoic acid could potentially be used as an immunomodulator to attenuate soybean β-conglycinin induced allergies.


Illustrations vii Check-In: A Prelude xiii Charting a Course: Exile, Diaspora, Nomads, Refugees: A Genealogy of Art and Migration 1 Departure A. Moving Images of Globalization 21 1. Indeterminacy and Bare Life in Steve McQueen's Western Deep 33 2. "Sabotaging the Future": The Essay-Films of the Otolith Group 54 3. Hito Steyerl's Traveling Images 74 Transit: Politicizing Aesthetics 90 Departure B. Life Full of Holes 95 4. The Art of Emily Jacir: Dislocation and Politicization 103 5. Recognizing the Unrecognized: The Photographs of Ahlam Shibli 124 6. The Right of Opacity: On the Otolith Group's Nervus Rerum 144 Transit: Going Offshore 160 Departure C. Zones of Conflict 169 7. Out of Beirut: Mobile Histories and the Politics of Fiction 177 8. Video's Migrant Geography: Ursula Biemann's Sahara Chronicle 201 9. Means without End: Ayreen Anastas and Rene Gabri's Camp Campaign 221 Destination: The Politics of Aesthetics during Global Crisis 245 Acknowledgments 251 Notes 255 Bibliography 305 Index 323


A variety of techniques used to obtain the mechanical properties of materials at high rates of strain (≥ 10 s -1 ) are discussed. These include dropweight machines, split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPBs), Taylor impact, and shockloading by plate impact. Their limitations as well as their advantages are outlined.


Brake is one component of a motor vehicle which serves to stop the vehicle speed motorcycle. When the rate of high-speed vehicle brake has an important role, even the safety of the rider depends on the quality of the brake lining. The purpose of this study was to compare the brake lining sintering temperature variations with a market canvass Indopart brands.
Researchers will conduct research begins with making canvass sintering time varies with materials such as fiberglass, aluminum powder, brass powder, graphite, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, and phenolic resin. After that mix the brake lining material in accordance with a predetermined composition. Then given the pressure while heated (sintering) with a load of 7.5 tons for 7 minutes with a variation of sintering time of 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes, with a temperature of 200oC. Then tested friction with a load of 15 kg for 60 minutes with dry test, spraying of water, with a standard testing SNI 09-2663-1992 then calculated wear and coefficient geseknya, and tested by using a Durometer hardness.
From the research that the average wear of the brake lining Indopart lower and better than the brake with the sintering time variation in the friction test for 60 minutes. The coefficient of friction brake Indopart higher than the brake with the variation of sintering time on tests of friction for 60 minutes, the coefficient of friction Indopart high of 0.67 while that approach amounted to 0.63 on the brake with a variation of 60 minutes at a temperature of 200 ° C on a test dry , Hardness values Indopart brake better than the brake with the variation of sintering time of 94 Shore D, while the value of hardness approaching the brake with the variation of sintering time of 120 minutes with less sintering temperature of 200 ° C for 91 Shore D


Precise control of spatial distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) within polymeric materials is critical to build nanostructures with programed functionalities. Herein, we systematically investigate t...


The 35 kV prefabricated silicone rubber cable terminal defect models were established and simulated in the static electric field utilizing the finite element method. Triangle and isosceles trapezoid models were established to simulate the incised defects and sunken defects where partial discharge might occur. Defects with different sizes and same length-width ratio were built to calculate the maximum field strength. The distribution of maximum field strength was drawn into curves with the least square interpolation data. The results indicate that the fracture of the copper shield is easy to cause electric field distortion and partial discharge. The electric field strength of incised defect is higher than that of the sunken one in the same place. Due to the evacuated effect of the stress cone, it is less likely to cause partial discharge in the fracture of semi-conducting layer. It may cause partial discharge in the long run if there is micro air gap in area between the fracture of copper shield and semi-conducting layer. The conclusions have certain guidance on the design, manufacture and installation of cable terminal.


This is the first book to explore, in depth, the connections between painting and computer graphics. It celebrates the new vistas available to artists, but also highlights attendant problems.

It is written in an accessible style, and illustrated with the author's work alongside works by Roman Verostko, Neo Rauch, Ellsworth Kelly, Mark Wilson, Ken Huff, Anna Ursyn, Lane Hall, Lisa Moline, Hans Dehlinger and Shelagh Wakely. It recounts the excitement of discovering paint software in the 1980s, the emergence of an alternative 'digital' art world and the dialogue art and technology.


Today, cities are facing many economic, social and environmental challenges. Meanwhile, population growth with an ever-increasing proportion of urbanization has led to adverse effects on cities. The continuation of this urbanization is associated with social, economic, environmental problems, leading to crisis and urban instability. In the meantime, other problems such as different types of pollution, traffic, and psychological problems greatly reduce the quality of life and, consequently, the livability of cities. Therefore, the necessity and importance of livability and sustainable development in cities is quite evident. Livability and sustainable development are approaches which ultimately result in cities free from different types of pollutions, traffic, and social, environmental, economic, and physical problems. The purpose of this study is to analytical field and desk studies. The results of SWOT-AHP model based on the pairwise comparison at different decision-making and hierarchical structure (tree) levels of this model (choices, criteria, and goal) show that the defensive strategy (with the score of 0.367) yields relative superiority compared to other four strategies. Therefore, livability strengthening strategies need to be determined in a way to meet the weaknesses, remove the threats, and optimize the livability status quo using a detailed and strategic planning approach.


A method was developed to automatically generate simulated air traffic encounters for testing conflict-resolution software. A trajectory scripting language was developed to generate simulated trajectories that result in conflicts with a specified geometry. A script was then written to automatically generate a set of scripts written in the trajectory language, each of which generates a conflict with a specified geometry involving two flights. A set of level-flight conflicts was generated by taking permutations of three basic encounter parameters: the path crossing angle, the minimum separation, and the aircraft speeds. A set of nonlevel-flight conflicts was also generated by varying the altitude difference and the vertical velocity difference at minimum separation. The resulting conflicts were then run with conflict resolution in a fast-time, batch-mode simulation of the resulting maneuvers. Plots of the resulting resolution maneuvers allow the algorithm developer to quickly visualize and verify the reason...


⋅Copyright c 2019 by The Korean Balance Society. All rights reserved. ⋅This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objectives: The nystagmus evoked by an angular velocity step is influenced by the cupula dynamics and the status of velocity storage mechanisms. This study questioned whether the cupulolithiasis of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HC-BPPV) affects the time constant or gain of the velocity step test. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 30 patients who diagnosed with HC-BPPV and performed rotary chair test at Dankook University Hospital from June 2010 to May 2017. All patients had normal vestibular function on the sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test. According to the direction of nystagmus on the head roll test, we further divided the patients into "geotrophic" (canalolithiasis) and "apogeotrophic" (cupulolithiasis) groups. We compared the time constant (Tc), gain, and directional preponderance (DP) between the 2 groups. We also compared the time constant and gain between lesion side of BPPV and normal side in each group. Results: In the supine head roll, geotrophic nystagmus observed in 14 patients and apogeotrophic nystagmus observed in 16 patients. When parameters of the velocity step test compared according to lesion side of BPPV (per-rotary of lesion side, postrotary of lesion side, per-rotary of normal side, and postrotary of normal side), there were no significant differences in Tc, gain, and DP between the 2 groups. There were also no significant differences in Tc and gain between lesion side and normal side in each group. Conclusions: We assumed that cupulolithiasis of HC-BPPV could affect the cupular deflection evoked by an angular velocity step, but there were no significant differences in Tc and gain between patients with cupulolithiasis and canalolithiasis. Res Vestib Sci 2019;18(4):98-102


The effective action for 2d-gravity with manifest area-preserving invariance is obtained in the flat and in the general gravitational background. The cocyclic properties of the last action are proved, and generalizations on higher dimensions are discussed.


Current wireless security is flawed. There is a distinct lack of authentication and encryption. Currently the Wired Equivalent Privacy protocol can be broken with common programs available via the Internet. Furthermore, many system administrators do not know how to properly protect their wireless networks. This paper offers a technical solution, a proposed IEEE standard PARANOIA. PARANOIA incorporates some existing technologies and others that are in the process of being developed. In addition to explaining the PARANOIA approach, this paper examines competition to PARANOIA as well as other modalities that attempt to solve the problem of wireless security.


The objective of this academic research was the elaboration of the proposal for quality improvement of the service department of the Club Plaza Discotheque Bar, located within the Best Western Plaza Hotel, in the city of Quito - Ecuador. Bar Discotheque Club Plaza is a company that offers its services of food and beverages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, since 2016, having as its main clients the guests of the hotel Best Western Plaza. With regard to the process of quality improvement, carried out through this research, in the service department of the Club Plaza Discotheque Bar, the main stages were: i. Review and analysis of the current situation of the establishment; ii. Development, implementation and analysis of surveys, with semi open questions; iii. Measurement of the quality of service through the SERVQUAL model; iv. Analysis of services through Blueprint; v. Measurement of compliance with the quality indicators of the food & beverage quality standard of Quito Turismo's Distinctive Q through the respective checklist; vi. Application of the CAME matrix to establish strategies, and; vii. Application of the SWOT matrix to identify weaknesses and threats. In this context, after the process of gathering and processing information, as well as the processes cited in the previous paragraph, a complete diagnosis of the situation of the Bar Club Plaza was obtained, as well as the strategies and recommendations to be applied in the service area, as well as in the administration of the enterprise, were also chosen, since it was identified that the problem is managerial managerial.


The invention relates to a method for cryptographically secure communication with a portable data carrier (6), wherein at least an opening formed in a standardized format and cryptographically secured command unit to the portable data carrier (6) is transmitted. The special feature of the inventive method is that the formed in the standardized format and cryptographically secured command unit is provided by a security module (5).


Microarray technology is developed as a new powerful biotechnology tool, to analyze the expression profile of more than thousands of genes simultaneously. In recent times, Microarray is the most popular research topic. For extracting the differentially expressed genes from microarray data, numerous types of statistical tests are developed. The focus of microarray analysis is to predict genes that show different expression patterns under two different experimental conditions. The aim of this research paper is to explore various types of non-parametric methods proposed to analyze microarray expression data for predicting those genes which are differentially expressed, and a comparative analysis of various methods has been done. Besides, we also predicted the best condition for each method where they perform better and to investigate the disease development mechanism. Many types of statistical tests have been studied for identifying the differentially expressed genes, only very few studies have compared the performance of these methods. In our study, we extensively study and compare the different types of non-parametric methods.


Objective: To facilitate clinical and scientific consensus in definitions of psychiatric disorders and with regard to the nature and meaning of pathology more generally. Method: An essay based on a review of definitional problems encountered by psychiatric epidemiologists, with examples taken from selected studies of historic importance. A remedy is suggested and illustrated by experiences with its use in the Stirling County Study. Results: A concept of pathology, termed for reference as "impairment-risk," is defined as the danger that functional impairment carries for subsequent health adversities. The concept is based on the classical notions of Rudolf Virchow, the empirical orientations of Adolf Meyer's psychobiology, the functional concepts of physiology, and the dynamics implied by evolutionary biology. The ideas embedded in "impairment-risk" are beginning to be represented in official classifications of mental disorders. Conclusions: Impairment-risk has potential in the further development of psychiatric epidemiology because of the connections made possible among neuroscience, genetics, general medicine, psychology, and the more empirical of the social and behavioural sciences.


Trinidad and Tobago are using educational programs to help the prevention of the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). They have used posters and dramatic presentations on television, and have timed presentations to key periods like carnival activities. Also, popular singing groups have been used to send the message to young people. Both government and private groups are focusing their efforts on care for people with AIDS. The Red Cross, in concert with family planning organizations and religious groups, are working together to educate and help care for people with AIDS. AIDS patients not only have to contend with the disease, but the discrimination that also wears them down, and even rejection by their own families. The family planning group will target women, with little education, and the Red Cross will target teachers and school children. Educational materials have been developed, including a workbook using the question and answer format, a cartoon booklet, and a brochure, all written in simple language. These major organizations are setting the pace and many other local groups are getting involved, including community and volunteer groups. They will help with the homeless and those with drug problems in fund raising and volunteer activities for an AIDS hotline.


Leafminer Liriomyza spp. are among the important insects infesting vegetables in Sudan. Two species of leafminer, L. trifolii Burges and L. sativae Blanchard, were reported in Sudan. The adult insects lay their eggs inside watermelon leaves where they hatching, and during the feeding process the larvae make mines inside the leaf tissues. The high number of mines leads to leaf drying. Sixty-eight local watermelon accessions, which include fiftyeight Citrullus lanatus accessions, seven C. colocynthus accessions and three C. lanatus var colocynthoides accessions in addition to three commercial cultivars, were subjected for evaluation in winter 1999. Moreover, seven selected accessions (5 C. lanatus & 2 C. colocynthus) from season 1998 and two commercial were also evaluated in winters 1999. The evaluation was repeated in winter 2000 using other eight accessions (3 C. lanatus & 5 C. colocynthus) in addition to two commercial cultivars. All accessions were evaluated depending on natural infestation under field conditions. The plants were evaluated during different growing stages. The parameters used to evaluate these accessions were mean of resistance and percentage of infestation. Mean of resistance were measured using a scale of 1–5 where 1 is resistant and 5 is highly infested. Percentages of infestation were scored by measuring the percentage of infested leaves from total counted leaves . The evaluation of sixty-eight accessions revealed that C. colocynthus accessions were resistant (1.3–1.7), while C. lanatus and C. lanatus var colocynthoides accessions ranged between highly susceptible to moderately resistant (2.4–5.0). The evaluation of selected accessions for two seasons proved obviously that C. colocynthus accessions were significantly different from all other evaluated accessions and was accompanied also by low level of infestation.


In this paper one proposes a new nonlinear robust hybrid control scheme for robot motion control. The control input consists of a nonlinear and a linear part. This nonlinear robust hybrid control scheme is applied to a two-joint SCARA type robot, and simulation results demonstrates excellent robustness properties and satisfactory hybrid control under severe modeling errors


In this paper the author studies a new specie fossil wood, Dadoxylon roxoi, n. sp., occurring in the Estrada Nova formation. The fossil was found at Jacutinga, municipality of Guarei (State of Sao Paulo). The author discusses the characters that distinguish it from other species already studied in Brazil, especially D. nummularium white also of the Estrada Nova. The paper ends with a comparative table dealing with the principal characters of eight araucarian woods of Brazil. The microscopical preparations were made by the nitrocellulose peel method.


Despite its antibacterial and antipathogenic effects, the heat treatment of milk induces undesirable changes that can be noted in the overall properties of ultrahigh temperature (UHT) milk, such as changes in nutritional and organoleptic properties. Our goal is to find new nonthermal antibacterial technologies for the preservation of raw milk (RM). This study investigates the possible synergistic effect of using a combination of the lactoperoxidase system (LS) and 3 μg mL−1 of cinnamon essential oil (cinnamon EO) to inactivate the total flora of milk and Salmonella Hadar (S. Hadar). The LS was activated with 30 mg L−1 sodium percarbonate and 14 mg L−1 of sodium thiocyanate. Using this approach, we obtained a synergistic effect with a complete inhibition of the activity of the total flora of the milk and . Hadar after 12 hours at 25°C. In addition, the attainment of synergy was defined when the inhibitory effect of the two compounds together was greater than the effect observed by each compound added alone. Moreover, the monitoring of the synergistic effect at 4°C for 5 days showed complete inhibition of total flora for 3 days and for . Hadar it was up to 5 days. To summarize, the current study clearly identified a new inhibitory combination that may be used in food-based applications.


This study opposes those critics who read Joseph Conrad"s Heart of Darkness as a work that explores human evil while overlooking imperialism as a cause of this evil. Conrad uses symbolism to criticize the atrocity and inhumanity of imperialists in Africa while at the same time sympathizes with the natives whom he presents as victims of the greediness of those imperialists. He announces that the Europeans are not emissaries of civilization, but of destruction and poverty. He also condemns the corruption and hypocrisy of the Europeans who claim that their presence in the Congo is for humanitarian purposes, while in reality stealing the resources of the land. Therefore, Conrad aims at uncovering the deceptive practices of imperialists through his novella rather than justify imperialism as some critics may claim.


Elemental tellurium is a strongly spin-orbit coupled Peierls-distorted semiconductor whose band structure features topologically protected Weyl nodes. Using time-dependent density functional theory calculations, we show that impulsive optical excitation can be used to transiently control the amplitude of the Peierls distortion, realizing a mechanism to switch tellurium between three-states: Weyl semiconductor, Weyl metal and non-Weyl metal. Further, we present experimental evidence of this inverse-Peierls distortion using time-resolved optical second harmonic generation measurements. These results provide a pathway to multifunctional ultrafast Weyl devices and introduce Peierls systems as viable hosts of light-induced topological transitions.


Na+, K+-ATPase is an enzyme located in the inner cell membrane and is closely integrated with cell membrane components. The release of this enzyme from its source in the cell membrane cannot yet be completely performed. One problem that needs to be solved is the separation of the enzyme from other proteins within the membrane without disrupting its integrity. Since different organs have different cell membrane compositions, thus the isolation techniques of an enzyme must be adjusted based on the type of tissue as the source of the enzyme. Regarding the purpose of study using a certain enzyme, it is important to consider how far the enzyme has to be purified. This article describes the technique of Na+, K+-ATPase isolation from cortex area of pig brain using NaI purification-based method. In addition, different method to isolate the enzyme from kidney tissue is also explained.


The paper analyzes the working principals of the hydraulic system and the electrical control system of original carrier roller press,points out the reasons why the device can not guarantee the quality of roller bearing component assembly,and proposes the innovation schemes based on the electrical control system of PLC.Being transformed,the roller press is operated more simply and adjusted more conveniently,which improves the equipment reliability,and ensures the quality of the assembly of roller bearing components.


Material progress advances, formal ethical analysis advances, but the human spirit lags behind. We yearn for meaning but its material is hard to source. This Essay proposes that corporate law can be a potent resource for the formation of meaning in our minds and in our lives.


The medicine with historical roots in India is Ayurveda medicine. In countries beyond India, Ayurveda therapies have been done in general wellness applications and in some cases in medical use.The accounts of transmission of medical knowledge are from God to sages and then to human physicians. Herbal compounds and minerals are typically applied in the Therapies.

The term "Ayurveda" combines the Sanskrit word ayur (life) and veda (science and knowledge).Thus, Ayurveda means "the science of life." In Ayurvedic medicine, health is defined as the soundness of sarira (body), manas (mind), and atman (self). Each of these must be nurtured if an individual is to have good health. Ayurveda offers methods of finding out early stages of diseases that are still undetectable by modern medical investigation. It is the knowledge of life in its entirety that is body, mind and soul. Ayurvedic medicine uses a variety of products and techniques to cleanse the body and restore balance. Some of these products may be harmful if used improperly or without the direction of a trained practitioner. For example, some herbs can cause side effects or interact with conventional medicines.


This paper concerns the contrastive study of the semantic content of the adjectives in French and Georgian languages which is based on the analysis of contemporary literary texts, as well as on data from the language spoken today. Awareness of the similarities and differences that exist between the two non-related languages is important and useful for French language specialists, as well as for translators who are interested in translation of literary texts.


(51) Int. Cl. CI2N I/2 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 435/243 (57) ABSTRACT A frozen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) culture in a commercial relevant package that has a weight of at least 50 g frozen material, wherein the frozen material is present in the form of individual pellets characterized by that when stored at -50° C. for 7 days the individual pellets of the frozen culture are not sticking together and therefore Substantially remain as individual pellets.


Globalization is perhaps one of the most salient features of modern societies. It is also one of the hardest to grasp, considering its allembracing content and the local particularities it acquires. The aim of the present paper is to capture its dynamics in the Middle Eastern context before and after the Arab Spring. The choice of this region as a study case was not at all coincidental. Middle East offers a unique reply to the challenges of globalization, according to its particular cultural and geopolitical infrastructure. Although it is still too early to predict to what extent the Arab Spring will influence the region's exposure to globalization, an overview of the phenomenon's interaction with the Middle Eastern culture, economy and politics will hopefully prove to be useful, in a time when acknowledging the market-driven forces is compulsory.


© 2016 Indian Journal of Orthopaedics | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow The named oration gives us an opportunity to remember a person who has contributed immensely toward the growth of science to serve the society. It induces introspection among orator and listeners to rededicate to the cause of suffering humanity and stimulates the future generation to perform against all odds. Kini memorial oration is delivered by immediate Past President of Indian Orthopedic Association to acknowledge the contribution of Prof. MG Kini toward science and society.


Dispersal is a key process mediating ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Its effects on metapopulations dynamics, population genetics or species range distribution can depend on phenotypic differences between dispersing and non-dispersing individuals (i.e., dispersal syndromes). However, scaling up to the importance of dispersal syndromes for meta-ecosystems have rarely been considered, despite intraspecific phenotypic variability is now recognised as an important factor mediating ecosystem functioning. In this study, we characterised the intraspecific variability of dispersal syndromes in twenty isolated genotypes of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila to test their consequences for biomass productivity in communities composed of five Tetrahymena species. To do so, dispersers and residents of each genotype were introduced, each separately, in ciliate communities composed of four other competing species of the genus Tetrahymena to investigate the effects of dispersal syndromes. We found that introducing dispersers led to a lower biomass compared to introducing residents. This effect was highly consistent across the twenty T. thermophila genotypes despite their marked differences of dispersal syndromes. Finally, we found a strong genotypic effect on biomass production, confirming that intraspecific variability in general affected ecosystem functions in our system. Our study shows that intraspecific variability and the existence of dispersal syndromes can impact the functioning of spatially structured ecosystems in a consistent and therefore predictable way.


Taking thousand pieces slate as research object,it tests and analyzes its mineral component,disintegration,expanding,compressing and soften capability,etc.and combining with soft rock filling intensity and compaction testing result,it initially acquires the conclusion that thousand pieces slate filling road base can meet the demand of road base subsidence stabilization,but using it as applied in road filling or not mainly be controlled by intensity diminishing elements after filling founder softening.


A probe light source with uniform spectral output is required to obtain constant signal‐to‐noise ratio in absorption spectra taken with an optical multichannel analyzer. Suitable filters to balance the spectrum of the flash‐lamp source discussed here are unavailable. Instead a device is proposed which equalizes the spectrum of the probe source after it has been dispersed by the spectrograph of the optical multichannel analyzer.


Despite the important progress in computer sciences, the cost associated with the resolution of multi- parametric problems can be extremely prohibitive. This is especially important when dealing with problems depending on numerous parameters, as encountered in optimization studies, which are becoming more and more mandatory for the design of new products. Reduced Order Modelling (ROM) is a convenient answer to circumvent this issue, usually called curse of dimensionality. However, a main drawback of ROM is the lack of robust a posteriori error estimators to measure the quality of the approximated solution, even if first advances have been performed [1,2].
This paper extends the a posteriori verification procedure proposed in [3] that enables to control and certify PGD-based model reduction techniques, which are currently the subject of many research activities [4]. This procedure uses the concept of constitutive relation error allowing to get guaranteed global/goal-oriented error estimator taking both discretization and PGD truncation error into account. By splitting the errors sources, it also leads to a natural greedy adaptive strategy, which can be driven in order to optimize the accuracy of PGD approximation [5,6]. We extend it to the cases of geometrical parameters models and PGD separation of space variables [7].
The focus of the talk is on two technical points: (i) construction of equilibrated fields required to compute guaranteed error bounds for those specific cases; (ii) error splitting and adaptive process when performing PGD-based model reduction.


Abstract:The election of Barack Obama as president of the United States promised a shift in the fortunes of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) regime after a near decade of intransigence and frustration. This article examines what has been achieved in the wake of Obama's speech in Prague in April 2009, where he articulated the goal of a world free from nuclear weapons. Since the Prague speech, the effective norm of the NPT has been re-energised through a number of initiatives, including UN Security Council resolution 1887, the New START agreement and the agreed final document at the NPT review conference in May 2010. However a number of big challenges continue to face the NPT regime, including the nuclear programs of Iran and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the continued fallout from the US-India civil nuclear deal. The article concludes that the NPT continues to play a role in creating parameters within which powerful states face some constraints; and, crucially, that the Treaty maintains an international consensus that proliferation of nuclear weapons, even by democratic states, is a threat to global security. However, the NPT has not and will not replace power politics.


High performance Carbone/Epoxy materials can be considered as tailored materials to design and buildstructures subjected to extreme conditions. However, compressive strengths have been reported to be lower than tension ones. This is all the truer that the elastic modulus of fibres increases. The analytical prediction of failure is quite difficult due to the numerous mechanisms at stake. Experimental testing is also not convenient. Axial compression tests usually lead to buckling of structure and not to a compressive failure. Those observationsraise the following issue: is failure of composite a material or structure property?This is addressed in this study by means of experimental (4Pts bending test) and numerical comparisonsusing several structures and materials configurations. Mots clefs : Compression, flexion, essai de structure, fibres hauts modules 22 ème Congrès Français de Mécanique Lyon, 24 au 28 Août 2015


An expert system on 16Mn of steel industrial process has been worked by using PLSB BPN method.The system can provide optimal technologic parameters by means of the classification map of pattern recognition. It can also predict the proper rolling temperature of the 16Mn of steel plates corresponding to desired mechanical properties based on the their chemical compositions and thickness by using the artificial neural network with the input elements of PLS.


Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity, both in developing and developed countries and is the commonest cause of hospitalization in adults and children. In the assessment and management of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), disease assessment is crucial, guiding therapeutic options. Knowledge of relevant prognostic factors might be useful for early identification of patients at high risk requiring intensive care treatment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : To study and compare Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 in assessing the severity of Community Acquired Pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 cases of Community Acquired Pneumonia admitted in the Department of General Medicine, Victoria hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital, BMCRI, Bangalore between the periods of October 2010 to September 2012 were included in the study. All the patients are assessed using Pneumonia Severity Index scoring and CURB65 scoring. STATISTICAL METHODS : Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to find the significance of study parameters between three or more groups of patients, Chi-square/ Fisher Exact test has been used to find the significance of study parameters on categorical scale between two or more groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : The comparison between mortality rates in different risk classes in our study and that of the previous studies showed that in all the studies mortality rates progressively increases with increasing risk scores in both PSI and CURB-65 risk classes. The comparison of PSI and CURB-65 with respect to sensitivity, specificity and predictive values has good specificity and NPV but sensitivity and PPV are less impressive. Specificity of CURB-65 was found to be better than PSI probably because a major limitation of the PSI is the unbalanced impact of age on the score, resulting in a potential underestimation of severe CAP particularly in younger otherwise healthy individuals. In predicting ICU admission, both PSI and CURB65 has good specificity and in predicting ventilation, PSI has better sensitivity than CURB65. By using the knowledge of these criteria, patients of CAP can be better prognosticated as regards severity of their illness with consequently better triaging of patients, utilisation of resources and appropriate treatment to improve the outcome in this disease


Still, we have a poor understanding of why some predicates participate in the alternation above (difficult, easy) but other things don't (tall, quick). Here I address this issue by exploring what defines the natural class of tough-predicates (ToughPreds), and what this tells us about the types of embedded clauses that appear in the tough-construction (for-CPs). I first show that many types of phrases (APs, DPs, VPs) can participate in the tough-alternation. Based on this expanded data set, we can define the class of ToughPreds using two semantic factors: modality and eventivity. Finally, I explore the connection between ToughPreds and for-CPs, arguing that for-CPs describe properties of contentful events, adopting ideas from Hacquard (2006); Moulton (2009). I will not attempt to derive the alternation in (1). The goal here is simply to define the class of ToughPreds and their connection to for-CPs. I leave the derivational link between (1) open for now. See Gluckman (2018) for an analysis based on the conclusions presented here.