This thesis examines the impact of the First World War at a local level, using the
interlinked communities of Cambridgeshire as a case study. It begins with a statistical
analysis of enlistment and appeal to Tribunal, based on a study of 37,000 individuals who
were either resident in one of the selected Cambridgeshire districts or who attended Clare
College. This shows the influence of age, occupation, and location on wartime experience.
It goes on to examine methods of recruitment, the operation of Tribunals, and the impact of
the war on communal and individual relationships. It demonstrates the continued
connection of the home front and fighting front through local war news, and assesses
communal response to the war, both through voluntary mobilisation and increased wartime
regulation. Despite being absent from their home communities, men on active service
remained part of them through local war news and the symbolic return of the dead on local
war memorials. The thesis concludes with an analysis of the fractures the war created in
the local communities, through the loss of undergraduates and the issue of conscientious
objection, and a series of short case studies on wartime suicide. This thesis argues for a
progressive mobilisation of society, moving at different rates in different areas from
volunteerism to conscription or compulsion, while showing that this movement was not
solely dictated by the centre. It also demonstrates the importance of the local in
understanding the war as a whole, and in enabling a more connected picture of different
wartime narratives.


There is a continuing need for donor hearts for infants with complex congenital heart defects. The transplantation of hearts from neonatal pigs would be an alternative to human organs, particularly if donor‐specific immunological tolerance could be achieved. The great majority of infant humans do not make natural (preformed) antibodies against triple‐knockout (TKO) pigs (that do not express any of the three known pig antigens against which humans have natural anti‐pig antibodies). The transplantation of a heart from a TKO pig into an infant would therefore minimize any risk of early antibody‐mediated rejection, and, with adequate immunosuppressive therapy, prolonged graft survival may well be achieved. Total host thymectomy (commonly carried out at the time of orthotopic heart transplantation in this age group) ± residual T‐cell depletion and donor‐specific pig thymus tissue transplantation might induce T‐cell tolerance and allow immunosuppressive therapy to be discontinued (if there is in vitro evidence of T‐cell and B‐cell nonresponsiveness to donor‐specific pig cells). Even if tolerance were not achieved, with continuing immunosuppressive therapy, the graft would likely "bridge" the patient until a suitable allograft became available or be associated with prolonged xenograft function.


Introduction: The European Galactic Plane Surveys (EGAPS) will for the first time ever map the complete galactic plane (10x360 degrees) down to 21st magnitude in u', g', r', i' and H-alpha and partly in He I 5875. It will complete a database of ~1 billion objects. The aim of EGAPS is to study populations of short-lived stellar and binary phases in our Galaxy and combine these population studies with stellar and binary evolutionary codes to vastly improve our understanding of crucial phases of stellar evolution. Target populations include Wolf-Rayet stars, planetary nebulae, white dwarfs (in binaries), cataclysmic variables and other mass-transferring binaries. Methods: EGAPS is using the INT+WFC on La Palma for the Northern Hemisphere and will use the VST+Omegacam in the Southern Hemisphere. Results: The Northern red survey (IPHAS, using r', i', and Halpha) has started in 2003 and is currently 70% complete. The northern blue survey (UVEX; u',g',r' and HeI) has started in June 2006. Results include the detection of a number of rare planetary nebulae, cataclysmic variables, red-dwarf white dwarf binaries in clusters, a possible AM CVn candidate, and a deep photometric and spectroscopic investigation of the Cyg X region. Discussion: EGAPS will revolutionize the field of galactic stellar astrophysics by completing the first ever digital, multicolour survey of the Galactic Plane.


Based on management theory of the manufacture and execution system (MES), a method of mechanical processing workshop production schedule management was discussed. The concrete planning was realized to manage the workshop production schedule by using the bar code technology. The system can increase product assembly query sub module, query information of one or more parts missing in equipment product.


: 27 Objectives Substandard and falsified pharmaceuticals can present a major health risk, particularly for low- 29 and middle-income countries. In a Sub-Saharan African market, United States Agency for International 30 Development (USAID) staff found an oral contraceptive product (0.15 mg levonorgestrel / 0.03 mg 31 ethinyl estradiol) labeled with a logo (and brand name) visually matching one historically used by USAID 32 but purportedly manufactured by an unauthorized source. Additional assessment was conducted to 33 determine if more evidence of falsification was present to better understand the public health impact. Relative to a control, the suspect sample was assessed visually for tablet features and with United 36 States and International Pharmacopeia methods for levonorgestrel / ethinyl estradiol tablets. Diffuse 37 reflectance spectra (350-2500nm) were collected to further characterize the sample.


The simultaneous measurements of conductance and work function changes induced by gaseous ambient have been performed on α-Fe2O3 thick film polycrystalline samples kept at 280 °C and exposed to different gaseous atmospheres. The switching from n- to p-type conductivity on α-Fe2O3 is shown to have an electronic origin, which is due to the oxygen adsorption and formation of a surface inversion layer and, therefore, to the inversion of the surface conduction type. The modeling of the n–p switching is described in terms of conductance dependence on the band bending induced by gaseous ambient.The simultaneous measurements of conductance and work function changes induced by gaseous ambient have been performed on α-Fe2O3 thick film polycrystalline samples kept at 280 °C and exposed to different gaseous atmospheres. The switching from n- to p-type conductivity on α-Fe2O3 is shown to have an electronic origin, which is due to the oxygen adsorption and formation of a surface inversion layer and, therefore, to the inversion of the surface conduction type. The modeling of the n–p switching is described in terms of conductance dependence on the band bending induced by gaseous ambient.


Artificial neural networks use a lot of coefficients that take a great deal of computing power for their adjustment, especially if deep learning networks are employed. However, there exist coefficients-free extremely fast indexing-based technologies that work, for instance, in Google search engines, in genome sequencing, etc. The paper discusses the use of indexing-based methods for pattern recognition. It is shown that for pattern recognition applications such indexing methods replace with inverse patterns the fully inverted files, which are typically employed in search engines. Not only such inversion provides automatic feature extraction, which is a distinguishing mark of deep learning, but, unlike deep learning, pattern inversion supports almost instantaneous learning, which is a consequence of absence of coefficients. The paper discusses a pattern inversion formalism that makes use on a novel pattern transform and its application for unsupervised instant learning. Examples demonstrate a view-angle independent recognition of three-dimensional objects, such as cars, against arbitrary background, prediction of remaining useful life of aircraft engines, and other applications. In conclusion, it is noted that, in neurophysiology, the function of the neocortical mini-column has been widely debated since 1957. This paper hypothesizes that, mathematically, the cortical mini-column can be described as an inverse pattern, which physically serves as a connection multiplier expanding associations of inputs with relevant pattern classes.


Classification of viewer interest using facial expression and heart rate facilitates automatic identification of interest evoking video segments. Sports video is suitable for testing the effectiveness of such a system as it has structured segments with distinguishable highlight events. Previous work has not investigated the differences in viewer interest characteristics from one sports type to another, which is crucial for appropriate classification methodology. Thus, it is still unclear whether a universal classification model can be used for analyzing viewer interest for all types of sports. This paper addresses this gap by demonstrating a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the distributions of viewer interest data in soccer compared to tennis. Based on this finding, this paper proposes an adoption of Gaussian mixture models (GMM) to integrate sports-specific and sports-independent approaches for identifying video segments, which would be of potential interest to individual viewers. The approaches achieve 52% to 64% accuracy, demonstrating that sports-specific approach gets better performance.


INTRODUCCTION:  The objective of this work is to carry out a reflection on the changes that we have been forced to address from the teaching of the social sciences, and in particular, in the course "Didactics of Social Sciences: geographical space and its didactic treatment", a subject which is greatly enriched with school trips and educational itineraries for which we lack economic funding, although new technologies are erected in an indispensable resource to offset, at least in part, these deficiencies. We propose to use ICT resources to bring the environment into the classroom, natural and virtual, to have their space in the process of teaching and learning in geographical discipline.


Banking regulation originates from microeconomic concerns over the ability of bank creditors (depositors) to monitor the risks originating on the lending side and from micro and macroeconomic concerns over the stability of the banking system in the case of a bank crisis. In addition to statutory and administrative regulatory provisions, the banking sector has been subject to widespread "informal" regulation to influence outcomes in the sector.


Objective
To design a new operation, extraforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (ELIF), with the help of 3D printing technology and to discuss the efficiency of using 3D printing technology in the clinical research.

Methods
A healthy male volunteer recruited for this study underwent CT scan of his lumbar vertebrae. He was 26 years old, 172 cm in height and 67 kg in weight. Software Mimics V14.0 was used to read and reconstruct his CT scan data into 3D images. We observed the anatomical bone structures and nerve roots of the intervertebral foramen on 3D reconstruction images in Mimics to analyze the anatomic features of this area. The self-designed ELIF, pedicle screw insertion and cage placement were simulated via digital technology in Mimics. 3D printing technology was then used to manufacture a real object to test ELIF on it. The feasibility of this new approach was further tested in a cadaveric specimen.

Results
In our designed ELIF, an incision of 6 cm lateral from the central line and 45° from the sagittal plane was made to fully expose the foraminal area. ELIF made it simple and visualized to fully expose the target intervertebral disk and nerve roots, and posteriorly the superior and inferior articular processes and joint capsules as well. ELIF also made it feasible to remove only the superior facet but save the inferior facet. There was enough room to fully reveal and excise the intervertebral disc, and place the cage after distraction of nerve roots through the intervertebral foramen. The test results on the 3D printing object and the cadaveric specimen were consistent.

Conclusions
3D printing technology is an effective, reliable and economic method to design an operation. Our results suggest that ELIF is a safe, more minimally invasive and efficient operation to treat degenerative lumbar diseases.

Key words:
Lumbar vertebrae; Spinal fusion; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive; 3D printing technology


Recently, attention has been focussed on historical databases (HDBs), representing an enterprise over time. We have developed a new language, TQuel, to query an HDB. TQuel is a superset of Quel, the query language in the Ingres relational database management system. This paper provides an overview of the language, motivating the various design decisions with the objective that it be a minimal extension, both syntactically and semantically, of Quel.


OBJECTIVE
Cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA) is generally accepted as a failed repair process. Cell adhesion is implicated in tissue repair. Therefore, adhesion of OA chondrocytes to extracellular matrix proteins was investigated.

DESIGN
Using chondrocytes from human OA femoral head cartilage, adhesion to fibronectin and type II collagen of cells from distinct areas showing an intact cartilage surface or a fibrillated cartilage surface was studied. Modulation of chondrocyte adhesion by both protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and glucosamine sulfate (GS) was also investigated.

RESULTS
A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in adhesion to fibronectin of chondrocytes from fibrillated cartilage, relative to those from grossly normal OA cartilage, was demonstrated. Adhesion to type II collagen was not modified by the chondrocyte origins (either from normal or fibrillated OA cartilage). Adhesion to fibronectin of cells from grossly intact cartilage was decreased by the addition of PKC and calmodulin-dependent kinase inhibitors, W7 and sphingosine, to the cell culture. Adhesion to fibronectin of chondrocytes from fibrillated cartilage was significantly (P < 0.05) increased after glucosamine sulfate treatment.

CONCLUSION
Fibrillation of cartilage from OA femoral head is associated with a defective adhesion of chondrocytes to fibronectin. The process is suggested to be dependent of PKC and/or calmodulin-dependent kinases and potentially reversible. Conceivably, it could play a role in OA cartilage destruction.


The reclamation approaches and treatment technology process of corn starch wastewater were reviewed. contamination Characteristic of corn starch wastewater were concentration high and biodegradable, and the reclamation potential was huge. Treatment technologies included biological treatment, physical chemistry treatment, biological pond and photosynthetic bacteria process. The optimized combine treatment process of resource reclamation from corn starch wastewater and treatment technology was recommended.


The ultraluminous IR galaxy NGC 6240 contains two apparent nuclei visible in the ultraviolet, optical, near infrared and radio regimes. We measured the positions of the nuclei on ground-based U, B, V, R, z and I-band images with reference to astrometric standards. The B, V, R, z positions of the southern nucleus show a systematic trend with wavelength, which is consistent with dust extinction towards the northern nucleus. The southern compact radio source is located at the long-wavelength side of the southern nucleus, while the northern compact radio source is significantly offset (by more than 0″3) to the south of its optical counterpart. We conclude that the 2 cm radio nuclei do not have compact optical counterparts which is probably caused by extinction in the molecular cloud complex between the nuclei


Consanguineous marriage is common in Saudi Arabia. It is responsible for high prevalence of genetic disorders in the Saudi population. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness around the genetic diseases resulting from consanguinity in Saudi Arabia. A randomised cross-sectional study was conducted among the Saudi society. A questionnaire was designed for demographics, the history of genetic diseases, awareness of genetic diseases and premarital screening. These were distributed through social media (Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp), targeting different education levels and specialties, from different regions of the country. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and p-value calculated using a chi-square test. The majority of the participants were female, (83.4%), versus (16.6%) males. The participants were from different Saudi regions: the western (66.5%), middle (11.5%), southern (8.9%), eastern (7.8%) and northern (5.3%) regions. 86% of the participants were undergraduates, 20.5% were educated to high-school level and 11.1% were postgraduate level. 28% were from a medical field while 72% were non-medical. The most common genetic diseases in the Saudi population are Down syndrome, sickle cell anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and thalassemia. Participants with a medical education and those with higher educational levels demonstrate significantly higher levels of awareness about the connection between consanguinity and the resultant genetic diseases. Most of the participants believe that culture and tradition play the most important roles in the spread of the genetic diseases due to consanguinity, followed by a lack of awareness about their association. Public awareness of the association between consanguinity and the development of genetic diseases is relatively low. culture and tradition were reported to be most associated factor in the spread of consanguinity and thus genetic diseases.


This paper introduces and approach of measuring CRT resolution,as well as MTF composite video signal generator according to this approach in order to measure CRT resolution.


The paper study on the properties of Tricalcium Silicate (C3S) in different physical and chemical environment, the results suggest that neither chemically nor by way of adsorption and that the physically bound water could not act as a solvent for the ethanolamine. Small-angle neutron scattering studies allow a nondestructive description of statistically representative microstructures in the scale range from micrometer to nanometer. Moreover, the scattering signals can be analyzed in a variety of ways, and more detailed insight can be provided into the very complex cement paste microstructure.


The present invention defines an assembly comprising a first member (110) through the intermediate member and the second joint (120) in combination, whereby said first member having a first bonding surface (112) surrounding the first the second bonding surface of the second member (122) coaxially and spaced juxtaposed, so that the recess (140) defined between the first and second binding surface. According to the invention, at least one segment comprising an arcuate groove geometry. Wherein the arcuate segments is formed as a first and second binding surface comprises a recessed portion (125) and the other of the first and second bonding surface comprises a concave portion and opposing radially projecting portion (115). By inserting an intermediate ring joint made of a high strength material, the insert ring is pressed and deformed into the groove so that the filling material is inserted into the ring convex portion and surrounds the concave portion.


The paper investigates home ownership amongst young people in Europe. Studies which compare experiences across European countries on this topic are very scarce. Using European Survey on Income and Living Conditions data, this paper conducts a multilevel analysis in 28 European countries, aiming to provide further insights about young people's home ownership considering both macro and micro factors known to influence levels of home ownership. Based upon an analysis of key literature, the paper focuses on the influence of the housing system, labour market, and welfare state in each country, and on the social class of origin of the individual. The analyses show the relevance of socio-economic family background: young adults from the middle class are more likely to live in homes they own, compared to those from the lower and higher classes. Beyond individual characteristics, social policy has substantial influence on the tenure status of young adults. Most notably, this paper concludes that there is a negative correlation between the welfare generosity of the state and levels of home ownership, supporting the idea of the house as a safe haven and emphasising the importance of the social class of origin, especially in those countries where family is traditionally seen as the social safety net.


The possibilities of increasing grain production on the basis of usage of complex methods of plant protection against weeds were investigated by us. It was found out that the strategy of the adaptive combination of biological, technogenous (herbicides, mineral fertilizers) and social (payment of labour) factors of intensification is a very important reserve for suppression of weeds and synergetic potential of increasing ecological, social and economic stability of grain industry as a dynamic, productive and social-economic system.


ABSTRACT Radioimmunoassayable serum ACTH has been measured in a patient with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia showing failure of dexamethasone suppression of plasma and urinary steroids with up to 32 mg of dexamethasone/day. Plasma ACTH was consistently elevated and showed an abnormal diurnal pattern which altered with increasing doses of dexamethasone. On extremely high doses of dexamethasone, urinary 17-ketogenic steroid excretion doubled over base line at a time when ACTH seemed to lose its diurnal pattern and remain at a relatively high level. The patient's ACTH response to metyrapone was similar to that of a patient with suppressible Cushing's syndrome and adrenal hyperplasia. The intravenous infusion of hydrocortisone produced a dramatic fall in serum ACTH concentration not noted during the administration of dexamethasone. The study suggests a derangement in the feedback receptor for dexamethasone as the cause of this anomalous response of ACTH and adrenal steroids during dexa...


This study investigated the effects of text genre (expository, life narrative, literary narrative) on reflection (direct thoughts on various subjects and thinking back after one week), using both quantitative and qualitative measures. In addition, the interactive effect of personal factors (personal experience, trait empathy, exposure to literature) and affective responses during reading (narrative feelings, aesthetic feelings, empathic distress) on direct thoughts when reading stories was explored using AMOS. Respondents (N = 210) read two texts within the same genre, one about grief and one about depression, with one week between texts. Each week, they completed a questionnaire. In the short run, the expository texts evoked most "personal" thoughts, but after a week, respondents had thought back to the narrative texts more frequently than to the expository. A small percentage of participants showed a tendency to deeper reflection, predominantly in the literary condition. Direct thoughts were predicted by personal experience with the subject matter, empathic distress, sympathy/empathy with the character, and perceived foregrounding. These results suggest a confirmation of earlier evidence: for narrative texts, emotional reading experiences may be more likely to lead to reflection.


1. The damselfish Eupomacentrus Planifrons develops dense territorial populations in staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis). 2. Field surveys and field experiments revealed that individuals preferred to maintain a territory in an inferior position within a large group than to be isolated on prime habitat. 3. Individuals in inferior positions within the group often meandered about the colony ("forays") in search of vacancies within superior habitats. 4. The size of the damselfish was correlated with habitat quality with larger individuals being found in superior portions of the staghorn colony. As areas became vacant, they were populated by individuals of similar size to the previous owner and to surrounding individuals. 5. As both males and females maintained territories within a colony, the larger colonies gave individuals greater access to potential mates. This has support since an individual's mobility outside the boundaries of its colony was limited and the most courtship was observed in the largest colonies. 6. Similarities between permanent territorial colonies and dominance systems are discussed.


ABSTRACT Thermal and microwave irradiation treatment of Ti(OPri)4 and Zr(OBu)4 leads to the formation of homogenous and transparent oxo-alkoxy derivatives of titanium and zirconium in a quantitative yield. The oxo-alkoxy derivatives were characterized with the help of FT-IR, NMR, UV, Raman, GC–mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The physicochemical properties of gel differ considerably from their corresponding parent metal alkoxides. Hence, the gel can be considered as an immediate precursor for the preparation of functional metal oxide nanomaterials under mild conditions with control over particle size and its distribution, surface chemistry, and particle agglomeration. The morphology of the metal oxides strongly depends on the nature of the precursor and as well as synthetic methodology.


Geology was previously taught in a traditionally facilitated environment where students would attend class to passively receive information. A major challenge in teaching geology is that it is made up of a range of topics with a high volume of specific terminology, hence students found it difficult to retain knowledge, and then to apply the new learning to contextualised (and examinable) situations. In addition, the need to use the limited time available each week to teach course content meant there was little time available for engaging class activities to reinforce or construct new knowledge.

To create more learning opportunities the course was redesigned into an inverted classroom. Repeatable online activities were created to investigate each topic, complemented by in-class workshops where students worked collaboratively on a range of activities. This mix was designed to increase retention of knowledge by creating situations in class where the students would use the geology concepts they had learnt online.

Results were compared with the previous year to evaluate the new approach and the external exam result showed a statistically significant increase in marks. The redeveloped course environment was supported by the students, with significant positive feedback in the end of year evaluation forms.


Author: Ryosuke, Yamamoto. MA Institution: Purdue University Degree Received: May 2018 Title: Cross-linguistic Influence of Loanwords on Japanese Particle Processing: Evidence from Japanese Language Learners Major Professor: Atsushi Fukada Studies have proposed that the spreading activation (SA) theory (Colins, & Loftus, 1975) can explain the nature of L1 and L2 predictive sentence processing (e.g., Kaan, 2014). Research on processing in L2 English has found that word information triggers learners' semanticallydriven predictive sentence processing (e.g., Hopp, 2015); however, to the best of my knowledge, few studies have been conducted in L2 Japanese. Additionally, what triggers L2 predictive sentence processing is yet to be fully discovered. Research has demonstrated that L1 English learners of Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) show cognate-like effects when English-based loanwords are used as primes in a cross-linguistic priming experiment if these loanwords retain their original English phonology and semantics (e.g., Allen, & Conklin, 2013), which suggests the existence of inter-lingual SA effects when learners process these loanwords. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether SA effects induced by a loanword in a sentence can also facilitate learners' predictive sentence processing. The present study investigated whether a loanword embedded in a sentence facilitates JFL learners' syntactic prediction. Twenty-six L1 English learners of JFL and eight native Japanese speakers participated in the study. In the experiment, they were presented with 20 fillers and 32 Japanese right-dislocated sentences ending with a noun followed by a postpositional particle. Among these 32 sentences, half of them had a loanword preceding a particle, whereas the other half had a non-loanword preceding a particle. At the end of each


The impact of information society – as a factor of organizational change (Dovenport, 2003) on performance of firms is increasingly approached and measured – by means of statistical indicators – in the specialty literature, developing in a fast pace. Across the European Union, indicators that measure information society emphasize many disparities and especially characteristics of this sector, aspects that will be detailed further, in this paper in order to justify the approach of this study. However, the goal of this research is to analyze and suggest, by means of the statistic-econometric methodology, a model through which we emphasize – for member countries of the European Union – as it influences (and practically how "contributes" to them) the formation of turnover on total business sectors, indicators of information society (enterprises with fixed broadband access ,enterprises using the Internet for interaction with public authorities, enterprises having received orders online, enterprises having purchased online)simultaneously with macroeconomic indicators, respectively: average number of employees, EU 15 country member or EU -27 country member. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Emerging Markets Queries in Finance and Business local organization


In this paper, equations for the calculation of the phase inductance and flux-linkage for three identified regions based on the rotor positions are presented in terms of the motor dimensions and magnetic permeability and stator excitations which leads to calculation of actual developed torque. The results obtained using the new method are as good as those obtained from the FE analysis.


A kind of paint spray booth paint processing system of present invention offer and processing method, technical essential are:Including sequentially connected air port, air hose, paint processing unit and wind turbine;Paint processing unit is separated into flow slowing down room, gas scrubbing room and gas-liquid separation chamber;The first partition that air grille is equipped with by hypomere between flow slowing down room and gas scrubbing room is separated;The second partition that air grille is equipped with by epimere between gas scrubbing room and gas-liquid separation chamber separates;Atomizing spray head is additionally provided at the top of gas scrubbing room;Compartment of terrain is equipped with vertical the first orifice plate and the second orifice plate in gas-liquid separation room, and the first orifice plate is extended by the top down of gas-liquid separation chamber, and the second orifice plate is upwardly extended by the bottom of gas-liquid separation chamber, and gas-liquid separation chamber is made to form the gas channel curved.It collects through air port with coating cloud air, be discharged by wind turbine after the multiple purification of paint processing unit, it is simple in structure, more excellent clean-up effect can reach by the air quantity and pressure that control wind turbine, and operating cost is low.


Nanoscale silicon film electrodes in Li-ion battery undergo great deformations leading to electrochemical and mechanical failures during repeated charging-discharging cycles. In-situ experimental characterization of the stress/strain in those electrodes still faces big challenges due to remarkable complexity of stress/strain evolution while it is still hard to predict the association between the electrode cycle life and the measurable mechanical parameters. To quantificationally investigate the evolution of the mechanical parameters, we develop a new full field 3D measurement method combining digital image correlation with laser confocal profilometry and propose a strain criterion of the failure based on semi-quantitative analysis via mean strain gradient (MSG). The experimental protocol and results illustrate that the revolution of MSG correlates positively with battery capacity decay, which may inspire future studies in the field of film electrodes.


Based on the sample data from the January 2007 to the October 2012,this article gives empirical studies on the effects of the Chinese consumer credit on the household consumption both from the long-term and the short-term by using the cointegration test and pulse response analysis.Conclusions show that,in the long term the consumer credit does not have a significant impact on the resident consumption,because the increase in consumer credit will not change people's marginal propensity to consumption.In the short term,the expansion of consumer credit has generated significant positive impact on the domestic demand,which may be related to that Chinese residents mainly use consumer credit for durable consumptions.In this case,an increase in consumer credit not only can stimulate consumer demand but also brings the possibility of expanding production and that increases the investment demand,and thus cause the increase in domestic demand.


Olive cultivation has been spread across Brazil subtropical regions, but yields have been variable through years and locations. The objectives of this work were to characterize the reproductive phenology and quantify some productive indexes of three olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana and Koroneiki) in the warm, humid subtropical climate of western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Shoots of the three cultivars were marked and the quantitative indices of flowering and fruiting were observed periodically. At the same time, the reproductive phenology was evaluated following the BBCH scale, during three seasons, in Chapecó. Reproductive budburst varied from 0 to 32%, which resulted in a relatively low number of flowers per meter of shoot if compared to traditional growing regions, unlike fruit set rates (3.69 to 11.39%), which were similar. Compared to other regions, flowering time was early: inflorescences started to grow from end of June to mid-July, depending on the year. Then maturation was precocious as well, from the end of December to mid-March, and it was later in Koroneiki. The low flowering intensity with risk of frost damages discourages the production initiative in the region.


In this essay I trace the relationship between philosophy and politics in Hannah Arendt's work, with specific reference to the tension between her Socratic commitments and her appeal to "common sense" or sensus communis. I argue Arendt's idea of a "common sense of the world" gives rise to a conception of the public realm that has too much shape and integrity to fit the often misty and particulate nature of contemporary reality. This is not the familiar critique of Arendt as a nostalgic Grecophile. Rather, it is a critique aimed at the phenomenological concept of "world" underlying her analysis. This concept—derived, but notably different, from Husserl's and Heidegger's respective conceptions—relies on background practices and understandings that are thick enough to sustain both a common public culture and a shared "sense of the world." I suggest that Arendt's appeal to a sensus communis runs aground of the moral and value pluralism that both Weber and Berlin have suggested are constitutive features of modernity. I conclude with some remarks on the relationship between Arendt's critique of modernity and Socratic philosophical critique (on the one hand) and Frankfurt School Critical Theory (on the other).


This paper discusses one automatic follow-up technology for the steering of multifunctional cranes,that is,in cranes where drivers need to change operation directions,when using the position signal of driver's seat to operate crane with handles,the moving directions of all the mechanisms of the crane keeps in line with the driver's direction.


In this contribution the results of analysis of students interests and opinions have been elaborated. Input data are gained from the individual years of study at the faculty of Manufacturing Technologies in Presov and are processed by means of electronic questionnaire. The investigation has been oriented on the particular subjects and individual needs of study. Elaborated results could be used in designing of structure and professional orientation of the education.


There are many write-ups that established microwave heating showing promising potential in food manufacturing processes such as cooking, tempering, drying, heating, baking, , blanching and pasteurization. (2005; Decareau, 1985; Metaxas & Meredith, 1983; Metaxas, 1996; Roussy & Pearce, 1995; Buffler ,1993). While all processes are primarily about raising temperature, the heat management dictates the output quality, especially with thermal sensitive materials. In microwave heating and drying process, heat transfer takes place speedily and this occurrence has to be understood, monitored and controlled so that a stable and reproducible process is guaranteed. For that reason process control in combination with good microwave design is the key point in successful microwave applications.


Gas exchange responses to irradiance, temperature, air vapor pressure deficit and intercellular CO2 concentration were evaluated in young plants of sweet orange 'Valencia', tangor 'Murcote' and acid lime 'Tahiti' plants, under controlled conditions. Maximum rates of CO2 assimilation were around 9.8, 12.8 and 13.0 µmol m -2 s -1 , respectively, for 'Valencia', 'Murcote' and 'Tahiti', and these differences were related to stomatal conductance and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Light saturation of photosynthesis was around 750 µmol m -2 s -1 for 'Valencia', whereas 'Murcote' and 'Tahiti' did not show evident light saturation, exhibiting small increases of CO2 assimilation above 1,000 µmol m -2 s -1 . The CO2 compensation point was 4.8, 5.8 and 5.4 Pa for 'Valencia', 'Murcote' and 'Tahiti', respectively, indicating differences in photorespiration of these citrus species. Leaf temperatures between 25 o C and 30 o C were optimum for photosynthesis of 'Valencia', whereas this optimum was around 30 o C for 'Murcote' and 'Tahiti'. At temperatures above or below the optimum range, CO2 assimilation was reduced by partial decrease of stomatal conductance and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Reduced CO2 assimilation rate was also caused by increasing vapor pressure deficit from 1.5 to 3.5 kPa, and this effect enhanced when temperature increased from 28 o C to 35 o C.


Peculiarities of electron transport in a thin (0.5 μm) Si:B layer of p‐channel depletion‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor transistors with a high doping level (NA≂1018 cm−3) and a low compensation degree (K≂10−3) are described. These peculiarities manifest themselves in the helium temperature range as an increase and successive saturation of the impurity‐band conductance when the negative charge near the Si surface is increased by applying positive gate voltages. A model is suggested which explains the conduction enhancement as a result of the appearance of an additional channel for hopping in the transition region which divides completely ionized and neutral acceptors. The estimated hopping activation energy is in agreement with the experimental results.


Background: The nonrenewable energy source, hydropower reservoirs are the yardstick that scales up developing countries around the globe including India. The multipurpose Upper Kolab project is housed at the Kondhan Hills of the north Eastern Ghats mobile Belt range near Koraput Town. The dam is of length 630.5m with a height of 54.50m, and an average annual flow1803 M cum in operation since 1986. The project was built for 320MW generation, about 445000Ha CCA, and water supply to nearby towns.
Objective: Climate Change and anthropogenic stresses have resulted in depleting the major reservoir's capacity by sedimentation, hence irrigation and power generation. The southern part of the Northeastern Ghats belt is worst affected. The present study is about the rate of capacity loss of Upper Kolab Reservoir in south Odisha.
Methodology: The present study involves the collection of data from the Landsat 4, Landsat 5, and Landsat 8  OLI Operational land user image of 30 m resolution was downloaded from either SRTM data or Earth Explorer data, and the digital elevation model (DEM) was prepared for the same period of the years 1996, 2002, 2013, 2017 and 2021. The TOPO geological map (1:500,000 scale) of 1983 was used to digitize geological formations. The ArcGIS 10.2 software is used for the topographic constraints of the water body and its watershed. The maps generated are slope maps, aspect maps, and various differentials sediment values in volume and water spread area.
Results and Conclusion: The inference is the fast rate of annual sedimentation @3.542mm/yr which is much higher than its mother basin Godavari (@2.22mm/yr. The longevity of the Upper Kolab Reservoir and power generation shall be affected earlier before it is designed life. Sedimentation needs prioritization, as caused by the anthropogenic and climate-induced huge sediment entry to the upper Kolab reservoir warranting a secondary reservoir downstream.


This paper examines whether the level of international reserves in China has become excessive. An experience approach and a theoretical approach(cost-benefit model) show that Chinese reserves level have grown far beyond what can reasonably considered adequate. And Chinese government established China Investment Corporation(CIC) so as to invest excess reserves in 2007. The sovereign wealth fund in China will be increased leverage in international financial market. Considering excess international reserves, China have to increase outward investment in scale.


This paper studies the applicability of evolutionary algorithms, particularly, the evolution strategies family in order to estimate a degradation parameter in the shear design of reinforced concrete members. This problem represents a great computational task and is highly relevant in the framework of the structural engineering that for the first time is solved using genetic algorithms.


Abstract This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), from perspective of dynamic modeling and model-based control. First, the current status of SOFC development is provided. Then the main components of the SOFC along with their governing transport equations are discussed. These two sections provide basic introduction to the SOFC. Following the sequence of power generation and energy losses mechanism of SOFC, the section of dynamic modeling is started from overview of energy generation, followed by discussion of energy losses, and concluded by analyzing the dynamics that affect energy generation and losses. The section of dynamic modeling is closed by considering the model validation problem and other related problems in the modeling aspect. Once dynamic models are available, the paper continues its journey to the SOFC control problems. It is started from a general description of the control problems in SOFC, continued with an overview of the existing control strategies, and followed by a sample nonlinear MPC solution. This section is concluded by discussion of some of the challenges in SOFC control problems.


This paper analyzes the tax penalty on volatile personal income under progressive tax rates. The phenomenon may have an effect on long-term entrepreneurial decisions as well as risky occupational choice. An options-based model is used to estimate the expected effective rate due from tax-payers at different income levels and volatilities under the current Czech legislation. A comparison is made to the system which has been in place until 2005, as well as to the Slovak flat-rate schedule. The model shows that volatile incomes incur a substantial penalty of up to 2 percentage points on the effective rate peaking just below the official income statistics mean. The effect is more pronounced than under the former parameters of the tax code. A severe impact on below-average earners due to the mandatory minimum tax-base regulation has been demonstrated. On the other hand, the Slovak flat tax with a single marginal rate bears virtually no sensitivity to income volatility, with the slight exception of very low incomes.


The Hamiltonian describing rotational spectra of linear triatomic molecules has been derived by using the dynamical Lie algebra of symmetry group U1(4)⊗U24. After rovibrational interactions being considered, the eigenvalue expression of the Hamiltonian has the form of term value equation commonly used in spectrum analysis. The molecular rotational constants can be obtained by using the expression and fitting it to the observed lines. As an example, the rotational levels ofv2 band for transition (0200–0110) of molecules N2O and HCN have been fitted and the fitting root-mean-square errors (RMS) are 0.00001 and 0.0014 cm?1, respectively.


The existent methods of calculating closeness-extent are based on the membership functions of fuzzy sets.In many cases,when it is difficult to resolved-express membership function,then it is difficult to calculate closeness-extent by using these methods.so,based on the structured-element theory,closeness degree of fuzzy numbers is proposed and constructed(called closeness-extent of element).when it is difficult to resolved-express membership function and using other methods can not calculate the closeness-extent,it can be calculated by using element closeness-extent,and the calculation is very simple.Finally,the effectiveness of the method is expressed by a example of pattern recognition.


The fibrous grinding-wheel grinding liquid is used for sharpening fibrous grinding-wheel. The grinding liquid has surface active matter as main component, chemical synthetic liquid without sodium nitrite as grinding liquid, water and free grinding particle mixed together. The free grinding particle has diameter 0.1-0.3 micron smaller than that of fiber diameter and added amount of 0.1-0.5%. The free grinding particle may be white corundum, SiO2, MgO or glass beads or their composite. The present invention realizes the in-situ sharpening of grinding wheel while preventing blocking and adhesion.


Convulsive disorders are not uncommon in the pediatric population and occur in about 4% to 6% of children. The majority of these are solitary events and do not recur. The incidence of epilepsy, defined as "recurrent unprovoked seizures," is about 1% in childhood. Although in most children with epilepsy, the condition is well controlled with medications, 20% continue to have seizures despite an adequate dose of multiple anticonvulsant medications and are classified as having medically refractory epilepsy. These patients are potential candidates for surgical resection of the epileptogenic cortex. Medically refractory epilepsy is defined as failure to control seizures despite using 2 to 3 appropriate anticonvulsants in the correct dose and schedule without attendant adverse effects. The effects of frequent seizures in adults are quite different from those in children. Intractable seizures that affect adults' ability to function may have limited effects on children who are not yet independent. These may be very disabling to the child who is independent. Increased absence from school and poor performance, either as a consequence of frequent seizures or as an adverse effect of drugs, can be factors in the decision to consider surgical management in patients with intractable seizures (Figure 1). Frequent seizures also can have catastrophic consequences on infants, who are often afflicted with structural brain abnormalities. The causes of intractability in children are multifactorial, and unlike adults, who predominantly have mesial temporal sclerosis, seizures in children are often developmental and extratemporal in origin. Specific procedures such as multilobar resection, hemispherectomy, and callosotomy are unique to the pediatric population. Identification of appropriate surgical candidates is an arduous task that requires a team approach to include pediatric epileptologists, electroencephalographers, neuropsychologists, pediatric neuroradiologists, and neurosurgeons, among others. It is valuable to have these children assessed by experienced pediatric epileptologists who understand the nuances of management. Radiologic studies should be evaluated by pediatric neuroradiologists who have experience recognizing subtle abnormalities that may be seen on highfield-strength MRI scans. Neuropsychologists provide valuable insight into the function of the brain and can assist in evaluation of language and memory. Neurosurgeons should Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery: Part I


In this paper, the distribution of Rhodotorula on three main rivers in China were studied. 60 strains of Rhodotorula isolated from water and different substrate of Yangtz River, Songhua Jiang, Yalu Jiang were identified to species according to the methods of Kregervan Rij (1984). 3 species were identified as follows: Rh. rubra 38 strains, Rh. glutinis 18 strains, Rh. minuta 4 strains.


REGULAR SKIN cleansing with washing substances has medical, cosmetic, hygienic and socio-cultural functions. In western cultures, the hygienic and cosmetic aspects prevail. The aim of a washing process is to remove or reduce dust particles, microorganisms and odorous substances. The resident skin flora in a washing process can be reduced significantly. The antiseptic effect of washing is gained independently from the function of tensides, through the removal of dust and dandruff material from the skin and hence through a reduction of growth medium for bacteria. A variety of surfactants are available, enabling the formulation of a broad variety of mild cleansing products. Modern surfactants in cleansing and hair care have been used successfully for about 30 years. However, the classical surfactants in soaps have been a fundamental issue in body care for at least 2000 years. The surfactants in modern cleansing products are anionics, nonionics and amphoters, each with a specific active profile. Besides the cosmetic performance, a potential irritation induced by surfactants and formulations has to be taken into account. Surfactants as single ingredients have become model irritants in dermatology and cosmetology when studying irritation profiles. Furthermore, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) has been used to study irritation pathways in basic research (1, 2). Finally, single surfactants have been tested to analyse the prerequisites for the optimal mildness of specific formulations in applied product development. The dermatological effects of surfactants on skin can be attributed to four fundamental mechanisms, finally affecting barrier homeostasis of the skin and other physiological factors: (i) adsorption to skin surface; (ii) removal of skin components; (iii) penetration into deeper skin layers and (iv) cytotoxic effects on living cells in the epidermis. Consequences of this interaction with skin especially with the stratum corneum (SC), are the well-studied symptoms of redness, scaling, swelling and dryness, which can be documented and quantified by clinical assessment and are nowadays measured by biophysical instrumentation (i.e. transepidermal water loss, roughness of skin surface, SC hydration, epidermal perfusion and skin colour). In addition, subjective perceptions of sensorial discomfort such as tension, burning or itching might occur alone or in combination with pathological skin symptoms.


Malaysia is affected by floods almost every year. In this situation, high-frequency flood monitoring is crucial so that timely measures can be taken. However, the low revisit time of the satellites, as well as occlusion cast by clouds in optical images, limits the frequency of flood observation of the focused area. Therefore, this study proposes utilising multisatellite data from optical satellites such as Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), as well as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS-2) and Sentinel-1, to increase observation of flood. The main objective was to utilize Otsu image segmentation over both optical and SAR satellite images to distinguish water and nonwater areas in each image separately. For this, modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) for the optical satellite and total dual-polarization backscatter for SAR satellite images were estimated. The focused area has been divided into Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) square-size grids of 30 pixels, and each satellite image was reprojected and resampled with a pixel size of 0.001° to standardize the flood map resolution. The second objective was to assess the potential of image fusion for increasing the consistency of water area extraction. Two pairs of satellite images with the same observation period covering a flood event in September 2017 in Perlis, Malaysia, were processed using 2D wavelet transform. Lastly, the temporal changes of the integrated surface water extent were evaluated by comparing the output from both multisatellite and fused images with the observed water level data from the Department of Drainage and Irrigation. The results showed that the proposed model can be used to estimate flood duration as well as to estimate the flood-related losses, especially in ungauged or data-poor regions.


An analysis of population changes, including urbanization, that occurred in the border area between Spain and Portugal from the middle of the nineteenth century to 1991 is presented. The author first notes that this border has remained virtually unchanged since the thirteenth century. "The study proved that the border areas on the Iberian Peninsula are characterized by lower population density than in the remaining administrative units of the respective countries, by lower population growth indices, and also by the depopulation processes, especially intensive in the recent decades. It was also concluded that the administrative units (provinces, districts), which belong to the border zone, but are located at the sea coast, are in a more advantageous situation than those located inland, and the negative population processes either have smaller scale there or do not appear at all." (EXCERPT)


Many geologic-geophysical studies have been carried out and many wells have been drilled in the tectonic Ionian zone which is an integral part of the external Albanides. As the result of these works, some of the main hydrocarbon fields in our country were discovered.


This study examines the cost and profit efficiency of banking sectors in six transition countries of South-Eastern Europe over the period 1998–2008. Using the stochastic frontier approach, our analysis reveals that the average cost efficiency of SEE banks is 68.59% and the average profit efficiency is 53.87%. The second-stage regressions on the determinants of bank efficiency further show that foreign banks are associated with higher profit efficiency but moderately lower cost efficiency. Government banks are associated with lower profit efficiency. The efficiency gap between foreign banks, domestic private banks and government banks, however, has narrowed over time. We also find that the degree of individual banks' competitiveness has a positive association with both cost and profit efficiency. Finally, institutional development, proxied by progress in banking reforms, privatization and corporate governance restructuring, also has a positive impact on bank efficiency.


1. Over seventy years of neutron scattering 2. Neutron properties 3. Neutron production 4. Neutron detection 5. Instrument components 6. Sample Preparation, Sample Environment and Radiological Safety 7. Single crystal diffraction 8. The powder diffraction method 9. Polarized neutrons and magnetic neutron diffraction 10. Small-angle neutron scattering 11. Neutron optics 12. Neutron reflectometry 13. Liquids, glasses and amorphous materials 14. Coherent inelastic scattering from single crystals: the study of phonons and magnons 15. Inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy 16. Quasi-elastic scattering and high-resolution spectroscopy


Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a little known discipline which uses non-invasive and passive techniques to investigate the condition of materials and structures. Some of these techniques employ the use of radioisotopes. The penetrating radiations produced by these materials are applied in various ways to obtain the required information. This presentation is an overview of the application of radioisotopes within the scope of NDT. Notwithstanding the well established use of traditional materials, new forms of radioisotopes are being developed which will extend their capabilities.


Background: Many modalities of keloid treatment have been advocated which have a variable and transient success. There is no universally accepted treatment resulting in permanent cure. Hence there is need for evaluation of better modalities to achieve good cosmetic acceptability. Current study compares the efficacy and safety of intralesional 5-fluorouracil combined with triamcinolone acetonide and triamcinolone acetonide alone in the treatment of keloids. Methods: Cases of clinically diagnosed keloids from South Central Railway Hospital were included in the study. These patients were randomly allocated alternately between group 1 and 2. An interventional and comparative study, comparing the percentage reduction in volume of keloid between both groups after treatment was done. For group 1 intralesional injection 5-fluorouracil 0.9 ml (50 mg/ml) combined with 0.1 ml of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/ml) i.e., 45 mg of 5 Fluorouracil was combined with 4 mg of triamcinolone, weekly once for 8 weeks. For group 2 intralesional triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/ml alone weekly for 8 weeks. Volume of keloid (i.e., (length x breadth x height measured by vernier calipers) before starting treatment and one week after the last injection was compared. percentage reduction in the volume was calculated. Results: The overall therapeutic response in volume reduction in group 1 was found to be better and statistically significant (p value<0.01) compared to group 2. Conclusions: The present study has shown that intralesional 5-FU+TAC is more effective compared to TAC intralesional injection alone.


Turning time occupies a significant part of the operations carried out by implement-and-tractor aggregates, especially in fields with short runs. Incorrectly executed turns increase the width of the turning strips, significantly increasing the idle path of the implement-and-tractor aggregate, with negative effect on its efficiency. The objective of this paper was to theoretically analyse the turning agility of an asymmetric implement-and-tractor aggregate, taking into account its forward speed and design parameters. Considering a trailed asymmetric swath reaper and tractor aggregate, the obtained equations allowed a numerical simulation in order to evaluate the headland turning agility of this implement-and-tractor aggregate. The minimal radii of the trailed asymmetric swath reaper and tractor aggregate are, respectively, 8.33 m for right-side turn and 4.90 m for left-side turn. Furthermore, the optimal angle between the longitudinal axis of the aggregating tractor and the hitch bar of the trailed asymmetric implement exists only in the case of left-side U-turns and its value is 1.12 rad (64°). It is not possible to cover right-side U-turns or both right- and left-side pear-shaped loop-turn in the optimal mode.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the colonial internal trade at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The market segment focused in the study is the cattle trade to Rio de Janeiro, based on a tax charged for the animals on the way from Sao Paulo to Rio de Janeiro. The growth of the city of Rio de Janeiro, mainly after the arrival of the Royal Court from Portugal, required a significant increase in the flow of goods on that route. However, even before the Court's arrival the market was already very expressive. Finally, the study also shows that cattle trading was a business in the hands of a merchant elite.


In this article we introduce five papers, all by social anthropologists, all concerned with transnational households and ritual. Despite wide–ranging research on transnational migration and diasporas, many aspects have been accorded less consideration than they deserve. The transnational practices of migrant families, other than remittances and other economic activity, remain under–investigated. Some thought has been given to the transnational dimension of religious belief systems, notably Islam, but the micro–politics of religion has been largely ignored, and there has been little discussion of transnational religious practices (rituals) at the level of households and families, especially those performed by migrants back in their countries of origin. Household–level analyses of the performances of and meanings attributed to life–crisis rituals and consideration of what Salih has called the 'transnational division of ritual space' offer a valuable route to understanding relations between place, culture, ethnicity and gender among migrants in a transnational world, and illuminate contemporary processes of globalization.


After centuries of denigration, Shakespeare's romances came to be seen by many critics as among his most profound works. This work sets out to propose another way of looking at Pericles and the plays that followed it.


A forty eight year old woman with the clinical diagnosis of renal mass due to renal cell carcinoma was found to have renal tuberculosis. The clinical presentation and management are being discussed. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2012; 15(2): 56-58 Correspondence: Dr. Shafiqur Rahman, Dept. of Urology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, E-mail: revealed haemoglobin of 8.6g/dl, white cell count of 7.8×103/mm3, and platelets of 2.4 ×105/ mm3 ESR was 45 mm in 1st hour. Chest X-Ray P/A view was normal. USG of whole abdomen showed heterogenous mass 9.3x10.3 cm in size in right renal region possibly renal cell carcinoma. Abdominal CT-scan showed large solid mass 10x11 cm in mid and lower pole of right kidney with possible peri-nephric extension, suggestive of renal cell carcinoma without definite evidence of involvement to right renal vein and IVC. (Figure 1). The patient was counseled and prepared for right radical nephrectomy. Case summery: A forty eight year old house wife admitted in the Department of Urology, BIRDEM Hospital on 4th may 2010 with the complaints of haematuria for a single episode one and half months back, pain in the right loin for the same period. The patient developed a dragging pain in the right loin which was non-radiating and accompanied by passage of clotted blood in urine at first, then gross haematuria for the whole day. From the next day there was no haematuria. Patient went to her local doctor where she was advised for USG of whole abdomen which revealed a heterogeneous solid mass in right renal region. Then she was referred to urology OPD of BIRDEM for further management. Here we advised her for CT scan of abdomen which revealed isodense, well capsulated lesion in the mid and lower pole of right kidney without involvement of renal vein and IVC, suggestive of renal cell carcinoma. She gave no history of significant weight loss, cough, or any rise of temperature. She is a known case of DM & HTN and she is on antihypertensive and oral hypoglycaemic agent. On examination she was mildly anaemic otherwise normal. Her abdominal and other systemic examination revealed no abnormality. The urine analysis revealed pus cells, protein, and no sugar, but urine culture yielded no bacterial growth. Serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and calcium were normal. Liver function tests were normal. Full blood count Fig.-1: CT scan of abdomen showing right renal mass.


An operant head-turn procedure was used to test whether 6-month-old infants recognize the auditor' similariW of speech sounds sharing a value on a phonetic-feature dimension. One group of ini:ants was reiniorced }br head turns when a change occurred from a series of repeating background stimuli containing nasal consonants ([m, n, rj]) to repetitions from a categoD' of syllables containing voiced stop consonants ([b, d, g]), or to a change from stops to nasals. The stiluuli were naturally produced b'v both male and fbmale talkers. The perfbnnance of infants in this "phonetic" group was compared to that of infants in a "nonphonetic" control group. Using the salne procedures, these inf~ants were reinforced for head turns to a group of phonetically unrelated speech sounds. Results indicated that the perfonnance of infants in the group trained on phonetically related speech sounds was far superior to that of" infants in the nonphonetie control group. These findinKs suggest that prelinguistic infants can perceptually organize speech sounds on the basis of auditory properties related to feature simflaritv.


S100 protein exhibited an inhibitory effect on the adenosine triphosphatase activity of brain microtubule proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of Ca2+, maximal inhibition was about 90% (only about 10% of the original activity remained), while the maximum inhibition in the presence of Mg2+ was about 30%. Zn2+, which can bind both microtubule proteins and S100 protein, had little effect on the inhibitory action of S100 protein in the presence or absence of Ca2+. The inhibition by S100 protein was reduced by chlorpromazine.


The experiments described in the present paper were carried out during the spring and summer months of the present year, at the Cavendish Laboratory, and are divided into three distinct series. In the first and second series, the induction coils were situated nearly in the plane of the revolving disk, as in Lorentz's original use of the method; the difference between the two series relating only to the speed of rotation, which was varied in the proportion of 10:16.


The study was aimed to investigate the benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in the Nam Nao National Park, Phetchabun Province. Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected from Yakruea and Phromlaeng streams between May 2012 and April 2013. They were retrieved from each sampling site using D-frame dip net and Surber sampler. Physico-chemical parameters were measured using the water quality equipment. Benthic macroinvertebrates were composed of 3 phyla, 18 orders, 85 families and 174 species. Trichoptera (19%), Odonata (15%), Ephemeroptera (13%) and Hemiptera (13%) were the predominant groups. Gathering collectors were more abundant (45.48%) than filtering collectors (31.28%) and scrapers (8.57%). Physico-chemical parameters such as water velocity, nitrate nitrogen, electrical conductivity and turbidity were significantly different between sampling sites ( p<0.05) . The cluster analysis could organize the sampling sites into Correspondence Analysis showed that the physico-chemical parameters were correlated with the benthic macroinvertebrates community structure.


ABSTRACT Stainless steel 306 is implanted with various doses of nitrogen ions using a 2 MV pelletron accelerator for the improvement of its surface biomedical properties. Raman spectroscopy reveals incubation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on all the samples and it is found that the growth of incubated HA is greater in higher ion dose samples. SEM profiles depict uniform growth and greater spread of HA with higher ion implantation. Human oral fibroblast response is also found consistent with Raman spectroscopy and SEM results; the cell viability is found maximum in samples treated with the highest (more than 300%) dose. XRD profiles signified greater peak intensity of HA with ion implantation; a contact angle study revealed hydrophilic behavior of all the samples but the treated samples were found to be lesser hydrophilic compared to the control samples. Nitrogen implantation yields greater bioactivity, improved surface affinity for HA incubation and improved hardness of the surface.


In the recent years shell finite element formulations which include only displacement degrees‐of‐freedom, the so‐called solid‐shells, have been successfully applied in sheet metal forming (see e.g. [1]). A very efficient strategy to deal with the problem of locking which occurs in bending‐dominated problems and in the limit of incompressibility is the method of reduced integration with hourglass stabilization [12]. Further advantages of these finite element technologies are their robustness with respect to severe mesh distortion and the low computational cost. A disadvantage is, however, the necessity to develop a suitable hourglass stabilization which adapts to both, the changing geometry and the usually highly non‐linear material behaviour. Most earlier finite element technologies are based on the assumption that the material behaviour is initially isotropic. In the present contribution we develop an approach to include initial and deformation‐induced anisotropy. Prerequisite for that is the development of a suitable material law. In contrast to many other current papers ([10], [13], [2], [7], [14]) we aim at a purely continuum mechanical modelling to arrive at optimal numerical efficiency.In the recent years shell finite element formulations which include only displacement degrees‐of‐freedom, the so‐called solid‐shells, have been successfully applied in sheet metal forming (see e.g. [1]). A very efficient strategy to deal with the problem of locking which occurs in bending‐dominated problems and in the limit of incompressibility is the method of reduced integration with hourglass stabilization [12]. Further advantages of these finite element technologies are their robustness with respect to severe mesh distortion and the low computational cost. A disadvantage is, however, the necessity to develop a suitable hourglass stabilization which adapts to both, the changing geometry and the usually highly non‐linear material behaviour. Most earlier finite element technologies are based on the assumption that the material behaviour is initially isotropic. In the present contribution we develop an approach to include initial and deformation‐induced anisotropy. Prerequisite for that is the development...


A multi cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine with matching alternator was operated successfully with mixed fuels (petro-diesel, de-waxed de-gummed Jatropha oil/karanja oil/rice bran oil and Producer gas) and its performance was verified through extensive, short (6 hours) and long duration (30 h) trials. Study revealed that CI engine can also be run on blended de-waxed and de-gummed Jatropha oil with diesel even up to 50%, but preheating of mixture was required at 60°C to reduce viscosity, when blending of oil with diesel is more than 10%. Maximum blending of plant oil with petro-diesel and its operation with CI engine also depends upon the quality of the plant oil. In case of refined rice bran oil, it was as high as 75%. Maximum replacement of blended plant oil by producer gas was 68% with minor losses in engine output compared to petro-diesel. In general, exhaust gas temperature and specific energy consumption increased in mixed fuel mode with all the three oils, however brake thermal efficiency decreased. It was due to lower calorific value of plant oils and producer gas. In CI Engine having 18.4: 1 compression ratio, at 84% engine load and with mixed fuel concentration of pollutants like CO, HC, NO, NO2 was reduced by up to 51, 65, 83 and 85%, respectively. However, in case of rice bran oil, CO concentration increased as compared to petro-diesel.


[1] It has been established that the local nighttime aurora is more intense in winter or darkness than in summer or sunlight. Here we expand previous work to confirm empirical relationships between energy flux and average energy of aurora and solar zenith angle (SZA) and ionospheric photoconductance by analyzing ∼6 years (2002–2007) of FUV auroral images acquired from the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) on board NASA's Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The total number of auroral images, north and south combined, is 55,675. The B3C auroral transport code is used to extract auroral parameters, assuming pure electron precipitation. It is found that the mean energy and energy flux carried by precipitating electrons (>0.25 erg/cm2 s) increase monotonically with SZA for SZA less than ∼108° (corresponding to an EUV shadow height of ∼430 km). The rate of increase is most pronounced in the premidnight sector, where the energy flux rate is ∼0.04 erg/cm2 s/deg and the mean energy rate is ∼0.02 keV/deg. The auroral power is anticorrelated with the ionospheric Pedersen photoconductance for all local times, with the steepest drop (−0.2 gw/mho) in the midnight sector. These results are stronger than those for the simple cases of "sunlight" versus "darkness" and/or "summer" versus "winter" used in previous work for the solar illumination effect. While the present result cannot distinguish known mechanisms, we suggest that more than one mechanism is responsible for the observed sunlight effect.


Using a unique record keeping system, the use effectiveness of the Copper T-200 is examined in rural Bangladesh. In Matlab the Copper T-200 is a highly effective contraceptive modality. The adopters are typically low to medium parity women under 30 years of age. The most important cause of termination among women in the study was voluntary removal of the device. The complaint most often reported was bleeding followed by pain and weakness. The Matlab experience suggests that sustained motivation and regular resupply are the two key components of this highly successful family planning program. Tatum T showed that it was associated with significantly less pain and bleeding than the popular Lippes Loop D and with markedly reduced expulsion rates. Failure rates however, were unacceptably high with this method, and it becomes apparent that to be effective the T would have to carry an antifertility agent [ 1 11.


The onset of fiber failure signals the commencement of catastrophic structural failure in fiber bundle systems, a process that is important in standalone bundles and in other material structures. In this work, we have demonstrated a technique by which the onset of fiber failure can accurately be identified by monitoring the electrical continuity and resistance of filaments and bundles during loading. The dual sensor/loading functionality of the fibers differs from most prior approaches wherein separate sensors were added to the load-bearing fiber array. Individual fiber failure and bundle onset failures in 50 fiber bundles were reliably and reproducibly detected.


Integer addition is a pervasive operation in FPGA designs. The need for fast wide adders grows with the demand for large precisions as, for example, required for the implementation of IEEE-754 quadruple precision and elliptic-curve cryptography. The FPGA realization of fast and compact binary adders relies on hardware carry chains. These provide a natural implementation environment for the ripple-carry addition (RCA) scheme. As its latency grows linearly with operand width, wide additions call for acceleration, which is quite reasonably achieved by addition schemes built from parallel RCA blocks. This study presents FPGA-specific arithmetic optimizations for the mapping of carry-select and carry-increment adders targeting the hardware carry chains of modern FPGAs. Different trade-offs between latency and area are explored. The proposed architectures can be successfully used in the context of latency-critical systems or as attractive alternatives to deeply pipelined RCA schemes.


Objective To study the feasibility of embolization AVM with HEMA/NIPAAm in swine models. To observe the clinical effects and histopathological changes after embolization AVM with HEMA/ NIPAAm. Method 16 swine were used for the HEMA/NIPAAm embolization in this study. Seldinger's techniques were used and micro-catheters were induced to the swine rete mirabile(RMB) ,embolization RMB with HEMA/NIPAAm through micro-catheters. Angiographic and histopathological evaluations were made at 3days,14 days,1 month,3 months and 6 months after the embolization procedure. Results There was no difficulty in delivering HEMA/NIPAAm through micro-catheters,the injection time was more than 1 hour and no occurrence of catheter "gluing". The mixture could well diffuse into the RMB and form a cast. There was no angiographic recanalization at follow-up. Main pathological changes were scattered inflammation response manifested by the foreign body giant cell teaction. Conclusions Temperature-varied Material (HEMA/ NIPAAm)was a new embolization material, it could well diffuse into the RMB and form a cast, without catheter "gluing",no angiographic recanalization at follow-up. It can be used in clinic.

Key words:
Central nervous system vascular malformations;  Temperature-varied;  Embolization material;  Embolism


Objective: Construct the expression vector p1301-YO-K2-YO based on the oil body expression technology which has two oleosins flanking the KGF-2,observe whether it can improve the expression level of KGF-2 and identify its biological activity. Methods: KGF-2 core gene and Arabidopsis oleosin gene were amplified by PCR,KGF-2-oleosin fused sequence was obtained by the fusion PCR,ligated with the blank vector also has a oleosin gene( p1301-oleosin),then named it p1301-YO-K2-YO,which can be tanslated into the oleosin-KGF-2-oleosin fusion protein. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana was conducted by floral dip. The total protein of the T2 seeds were extracted for SDS-PAGE,Western blot analysis,the proliferation activity of hair follicles was tested on C57 BL /6 mice. Results: The plasmid which has two oleosins flanking the KGF-2 was successfully expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Western blot result shows this fusion expression strategy could be twice more higher than the single-oleosin configuration production in KGF-2 protein expression,and has a certain biological activity.


Acknowledgements Notes on contributors 1. Introduction Pia Kleber 2. Questions concerning Brecht Manfred Wekwerth 3. The origins, aims, and objectives of the Berliner Ensemble Joachim Tenschert 4. Two generations of post-Brechtian playwrights in the German Democratic Republic Rolf Rohmer 5. Productions of Brecht's plays on the West German stage, 1945-1986 Klaus Volker 6. Ups and downs of British Brecht John Willett 7. Crossing the desert: Brecht in France in the eighties Bernard Dort 8. 'His liberty is full of threats to all': Benno Besson's Helsinki Hamlet and Brecht's dialectical appropriation of classic texts Paul Walsh 9. Blocking Brecht Maartern van Dijk 10. Some reflections on Brecht and acting Martin Esslin 11. Brechtian theory and American feminist theatre Karen Laughlin 12. The influence of Brecht on women's cinema in West Germany Renate Mohrmann 13. From anti-illusionism to hyper-realism: Bertolt Brecht and contemporary film Thomas Elsaesser 14. The influence of Brecht Eric Bentley Notes Index.


OBJECTIVE Objective of this study is to review our experience with maxillary tumors.MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients presenting to our department from 2009 to 2012 (June) were analyzed based on history, clinical examination, radiological evaluation and histopathological diagnosis. The patients were staged as per AJCC protocol and treated. The details of the study are discussed.RESULTS 30 patient were diagnosed and treated. Majority of them were males .Most common age of presentation was between 45 to 50 years. The primary symptoms were nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathological diagnosis. Total maxillectomy followed by post op RT gave excellent results.CONCLUSION Males, of lower socioeconomic status in the 5th to 6th decade of life predominantly carpenters presenting with chronic progressive nasal obstruction should be investigated with a high               possibility of Malignant growth Maxilla in mind. Early surgical intervention followed by radiotherapy gives excellent results.


A Stieltjes imaging method for the calculation of molecular Auger transition rates within Wentzel's ansatz is devised and numerically applied to the Auger emission spectrum of water vapor. Continuum orbitals are solved in the anisotropic field of the doubly ionized molecule using an extended set of ${L}^{2}$ integrable basis functions. The effects on the Auger rates of nonorthogonality between the bound orbitals (electronic relaxation) as well as of hole mixing due to the interaction of the residual final states are numerically evaluated and discussed. Comparisons are made with a previously devised atomic decomposition scheme and with experiment. The summation of Auger channel rates gives a value of 0.15 eV for the lifetime broadening of the core-hole state of water.


It is well established that preconceptional health (including nutritional status) is critically important with regard to favourable mater-nal and infant outcomes in both the short- and long-term. It has been estimated that up to 50% of pregnancies are unplanned thus optimal nutritional status is important for all women of child-bearing age (WCBA) not just those with pregnancy intentions (1) . Interestingly, nutrient recommendations for WCBA are not differentiated by pregnancy intention (2) . The objective of this study was to investigate the quality of the diet of WCBA (18 – 50y) in Ireland with respect to macronutrients, dietary fi bre and salt. Analyses were based on the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008 – 2010) (www.iuna.net). A 4-day semi-weighed food record was used to collect food and beverage intake data from a nationally representative sample of 1500 adults (487 women (18 – 50y)). Nutrient intakes were estimated using UK and Irish food composition tables. The mean daily intakes (MDI) of energy and nutrients were calculated using SPSS ™ Version 26 and compliance with recommendations were assessed using national and inter-national dietary reference values as appropriate. The MDI of energy in WCBA was with an intake of energy from fat, 44%TE from carbohydrate and 16%TE from protein. The MDI of (35%TE) in WCBA was the


After an introduction which presents the «status quaestionis», the article addresses the following: 1) The Aramaic or Hebrew derivation of the term or the possible relation to classical Greek. 2) Verify the term's polysemy with seven translations (Vetus latina, Vulgate, Spanish, Italian, English, French and German). 3) Presentation of some analyses (P. Vanutelli, J. Mateos, J. P. Ellingworth, E. J. Pryke, H. Riley), which endeavour to explain and justify its polysemy. 4) The author of this article proposes his interpretation, depending on the position of the term and on its grammatical modifying use. Thus he concludes that the term can be: a) a temporal conjunction, b) an emphatic or intensifying term, c) a modal adverb and d) a temporal adverb.


By using the concept of system stiffness,the stiffness of theangle ofthe increase of mining heightto changing support stiffness requirements,and the combination of Renlou mine in Wanbei mining areaof 7211 working face ofthe actual geological conditions,to reflectthe increase of mining heightmakes the tiffness of supports requirements changes.The results show that the mining height increase will indeed have greatly improved the stiffness of support requirements,and in different geological conditions,even though mining working face inthe same height.


Developing postharvest management techniques using environmentally friendly and non-chemical approaches is key to extending the shelf life of avocados in a safer and health conscious manner. Avocados are prone to postharvest deterioration caused by mechanical damage, chilling injury, soft landing, uneven ripening and decay. Among the different cultivars of avocados commercially grown worldwide, the 'Hass' variety continues to be the most predominant due to its nutty flavour and functional properties. Most of the literature on postharvest decay and disorders affecting avocado fruit quality during storage and marketing is dedicated to the Hass avocado. Some of these postharvest problems are unique to the 'Hass' avocado can possibly be controlled by simply investing more research into other cultivars. These postharvest losses can be significantly controlled using eco-friendly technologies, such as modified atmosphere, physical heat treatments and most importantly investing in natural biodegradable products with naturally inherent antimicrobial properties. Thus, this review includes the recent research-based information on the use of non-chemical treatments on the improvement of fruit health and quality.


INTRODUCTION Neurologists nowadays regularly encounter statistical parametric mapping in journal articles that report the results of a functional neuroimaging study. The number of such studies has risen dramatically in the last decade, and an understanding of how typical functional MRI (fMRI) experiments are analysed will help the clinician critically reading the literature. Functional imaging studies are typically undertaken to compare brain responses either from a single population in two different conditions (for example, healthy volunteers in the presence vs. the absence of a flickering visual stimulus), or from two populations (for example, neurological patients performing a task vs. control subjects performing the same task). THE BASIC IDEA Brain responses are recorded using an imaging technique such as fMRI, which allows the repeat-ed measurement of brain activity at hundreds of thousands of points, or voxels, throughout the brain (Fig. 1). Each voxel represents physiological responses from a small anatomical portion of


By Abdullah M. Assiri, Ph.D. Washington State University August 2006 Chair: Jerry J. Reeves In early pregnant sheep, conceptus-derived interferon-tau (IFN) acts locally on the endometrium to activate Mx genes expression. We hypothesize that sheep Mx proteins have different regulation during early pregnancy and are important for establishment of pregnancy. The expression Mx genes (oMx1 and oMx2) in the sheep endometrium, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and corpus luteum (CL) during early pregnancy were studied. A second Mx gene (oMx2) was cloned from day 15 pregnant ewe endometrium that resembles human MxB protein. The oMx2 mRNA appeared to be highly expressed by immune cells at the fetal-maternal interface, whereas oMx1 mRNA was expressed throughout endometrium. The oMx1 and oMx2 expression were similar in the endometrium and PBL but different in the CL. The oMx1 appeared to be constitutively expressed in the CL in cyclic and pregnant ewes, whereas oMx2 expression increased in the CL in pregnant ewes only. The cellular localization of the two proteins was different in ovine glandular epithelial cells (oGE). The oMx1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm whereas oMx2 was localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The apparent difference in the expression and localization of the oMx1 and oMx2 suggests that they may have different functions in establishment of pregnancy in sheep.


The research focus of inclusion in the general education programs is often directed toward the students who have been identified as eligible for special education services. The research on the effects of inclusion on typically developing students is less studied and consists of parent and teacher perceptions, rather than empirical evidence (Rafferty & Griffin, 2005). The current study was developed to observe the academic responses and inappropriate behaviors of four typically developing fourth grade students (two male and two female) in a general education classroom with a peer who displays behaviors consistent with the criteria necessary for eligibility of special education services due to emotional disturbance (ED). The typically developing students were observed in three settings within the general education classroom: (a) the student identified with ED was in the general education classroom working with a full time paraprofessional; (b) the student identified ED was not in the general education classroom, nor was the paraprofessional; and (c) the student with ED was in the classroom, while the paraprofessional was not. Within an alternating treatments design, the results indicated that the students' academic responding was highest when the student with ED was not in the classroom, nor was a paraprofessional, lower when the student with ED and a paraprofessional were in the classroom, and the lowest when the student with ED was in the classroom and a paraprofessional was not in the classroom. The students' inappropriate behaviors were highest when the student with ED was in the classroom and the paraprofessional was not, lower when the student with ED was in the classroom with a paraprofessional, and the lowest when the student with ED and the paraprofessional were not in the classroom. Implications for service delivery and future research were discussed.


One problem in treating schizophrenia is recurrence. Recurrence indicates the return of symptoms of the previous disease is quite severe and disturbing daily activities and requires further treatment. Prevention of recurrence in schizophrenia can be sought by the family. This study aims to identify factors related to family abilities in preventing recurrence of schizophrenic patients. This study used a cross sectional design. The sample in the study were 82 families with family members of schizophrenic patients obtained using simple random sampling. The results of the analysis have a relationship between the age range of the family (p value 0.012), the role of respondents in the family (p value 0.032), duration of treating schizophrenic patients (p value 0.001) but there is no relationship between the ability to prevent recurrence with the sex of respondents (p value 0.835) and education level of respondents (p value 0.508). Recommendations from this study for health workers provide health education to families to provide an understanding of the ability to prevent recurrence in schizophrenic patients.

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Prevention of recurrence, Family


The dynamic compressive strength and microscopic failure behavior of TiB2/Al2O3 ceramic composites with a range of microstructural morphologies and size scales are analyzed. A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) is used to achieve loading rates of the order of 400 s−1. The dynamic compressive strength of the materials is found to be between 4.3 and 5.3 GPa, indicating a strong dependence of strength on microstructure. Microstructures with finer phases as measured by linear intercept length have higher strength levels. The dynamic strength levels are approximately 27% higher than the values of 3–4 GPa measured at quasi‐static loading rates for these materials. These strength levels are also higher than the strength levels of monolithic TiB2 and Al2O3 under similar dynamic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) indicate that failure associated with the Al2O3 phase is transgranular cleavage in all microstructures and failure associated with the TiB2 phase is a...


In order to provide scientific foundation to study the reason for damage and control the damage of red-bellied squirrels,the relation of damage and reproductive dynamics of red-bellied squirrels in plantation were studied with conducting long-term monitor in representative plots and collecting and dissecting the bodies of red-bellied squirrels outside plots in Hongya County of Sichuan,from April 2000 to December 2003.The results showed that:although the average damage rate of plantation increased gradually,changes of damage rate in different time and space were differences.The damage was possible to occur in whole year,but the main damage period was from March to May,and April was the peak of damage.According to the reproductive state,the main reproductive seasons of female red-bellied squirrels were from March to April and July to August,and reproductive index reaches the tiptop in April,while the male red-bellied squirrels,testises were almost in scrotums in the four seasons of year,and in other words,male had reproductive ability in all the year round.Above all,the peak of damage period is consistent with the peak of reproductive period,so the authors consider that the main reasons for damage to plantation in spring are due to red-bellied squirrels requiring a lot of food and materials of nest in the reproductive season.


wheren andm are the toroidal and poloidal mode numbers and flab is the frequency of the mode in the lab frame of reference measured by the Mirnov pick -up coils. ftor [= vtor/(2πR)], fpol [= vpol/(2πr)], fdia [= ve/(2πr)] and fE×B [= vE×B/(2πr)] are the frequencies derived from the toroidal velocityvtor, poloidal velocityvpol, electron diamagnetic velocity ve and the E×B velocity vE×B respectively at the major radius R (and minor radiusr) where the mode is localized.


Our analysis shows that subcarrier intensity modulation using DPSK suffers an SNR performance loss of 3.92 dB with respect to BPSK under strong atmospheric turbulence conditions.


The Chinese legal system was poorly developed in the Imperial era and remained so in the People's Republic until the process of reform began in the 1980s. The authorities now recognise that a market economy requires the rule of law and that technology development and technology import in particular need firm legal foundations. Significant steps have been taken to protect technology as intellectual property and to support technology import. Nevertheless, an extended period of institution-building will be needed before the legal framework can be regarded as satisfactory. Furthermore, the authorities' desire to control technology import through regulations may restrict the efficiency with which the country acquires the know-how which it needs.


In this study the dewetting process on micropillars of three different cross-sectional shapes, i.e. circular, square and triangular, was numerically investigated. The influence of the orientation of the triangular and square micropillars on the dewetting behavior was also studied. The numerical simulations showed that the cross-sectional shapes of the micropillars and their orientation play an important role in determining the flow pattern of the dewetting process, especially the evolution and movement of the meniscus across the micropillar before a microdroplet is formed. The diameter of the microdroplets is mainly determined by the capillary effect, viscous drag and fluid inertia contributed by the peeling rate and the thickness of the water layer above the micropillar. The numerical results also indicate that the hydraulic diameter of the micropillars (Dp) is one of the parameters governing the size of the microdroplets formed on the top surface of the micropillars after the dewetting process, while the microdroplet diameter is almost insensitive to the cross-sectional shape and orientation of the micropillars. The dimensionless diameter of the microdroplets (d) can then be expressed as a function of a dimensionless group, i.e. the Ohnesorge number (Oh), the capillary number (Ca), the dimensionless liquid thickness (H), and the contact angle (q).


The drench application of S. lavendulae MTCC706 @ 2% v/w (SLT) resulted in less than 50% juvenile invasion of M. incognita J2s in tomato (cv. Pusa Ruby), delayed development of J4s, 50.7% reduction in root galling and 42.7% reduction in egg mass production, compared to control. The reproduction factor was 1.2 in SLT, compared to 2.4 in control in 45 days. SLT was compatible with the nematicide carbofuran, as increase in bioefficacy of SLT was observed with 60% reduction in root galling, 61.5% reduction in egg mass production, and a reproduction factor of 1.1 in the combined application with carbofuran @0.5 kg a.i/ha. Replanting of tomato in the pre-treated soil revealed a further reduction in root galling (81.3%), egg mass production (80.5%) and reproduction factor (0.6), indicating establishment of the actinomycete in the soil.


IoT(Internet of Things) is global infrastructure that enables any object to communicate. The term IoT is being widely used and that technologies are being applied to various areas. IoT technologies is expected to increase many services' convenience, expandability, accessibility and interoperability, but existing ICT environment could be exposed new security threats due to increased openness and IoT device's specialty. Actually, IoT devices' vulnerabilities and exploits are reported. If attacks on IoT devices succeed, it can cause much damage over the various areas. Therefore, we categorize IoT devices and examines threats of each category. Finally we deduct security requirements of IoT devices.