As part of a study of the effects of the experimental whole-lake acidification of Lake 223 in the Experimental Lakes Area on the population of the crayfish Orconectes virilis physiological responses of adults from this population to low pH were examined in the laboratory. Crayfish survived pH 4.0 for 10 d when they were not moulting but suffered mortality when they were in postmolt stages. Postmolt crayfish held at pH 5.0 for 10 d survived but showed slower progression of molt cycle stages and of calcification of the exoskeleton than individuals held at pH 6.0 or in lake water at about pH 6.7. Uptake of Ca++ by postmolt crayfish measured by the use of 45Ca as a tracer was inhibited by pH below 5.75 and ceased altogether below pH 4.0 when these levels of acidity were applied acutely.Key words: Orconectes virilis, crayfish, molt cycle, mortality, pH, calcification, postmolt calcium uptake, acid rain, lake acidification


Economic losses are predicted due to the effects of acid rain on forests in Europe and the United States. Growth declines and tree damage on forest lands intensively managed for marketable timber are described. Forest industries which produce paper and other forest products which consume large amounts of energy are said to be reluctant to support acid rain control measures. Few studies have examined the effects of acid deposition combined with intensive forestry practices.


Probability models of individual choice consist of two components: a formulation of random utility and the stochastic specification of that utility. Usually separable direct random utility is assumed. With Weibull error terms, logit analysis results. However, logit analysis suffers from the "assumed" "independence of irrelevant alternatives". It is the contention of this paper that these difficulties result from the usual restrictive utility formulation. A more general indirect random utility formulation is introduced. Estimates of the resulting generalized logit and the more restrictive logit models are presented. Hypothesis testing is reported which rejects the restrictive utility formulations which dominate the literature. This paper reflects the work done by the author for the Energy Research and Development Administration for the purpose of developing a broader model of residential energy demand and of assessing the market potential of solar photovoltaics.


From the measured yield of {delta} electrons with energies between 3 and 8 MeV, emitted in the heavy-ion reaction Pb+Pb at 12 MeV nucleon incident energy, a very fast deceleration of the nuclei in the approach phase is inferred which is much faster than predicted by the microscopic one-body dissipation model. Since the deceleration time is smaller than or comparable to the thermal equilibration time, the dissipation process is non-Markovian and therefore memory effects have to be included. This is performed on the basis of dissipative diabatic dynamics, which describes elastoplastic properties. The new diabatic one-body dissipation model reporduces the fast deceleration and the long nuclear contact time.


The study aims to explore the importance of developing HR contingency strategies in dealing with situations like Covid-19 in the future. For this purpose, the primary quantitative data collection technique was applied using a structured survey questionnaire. The sampling size of the research was 300 respondents, which includes the general manager and vice president of industrial companies listed on the Amman financial market. The data were analysed using SPSS software. The test that was executed on the gathered data includes frequency analysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis. The estimated results show that developing remote operational policies can help sustain organisational performance in times of crisis such as a pandemic (P-value<0.05). Meanwhile, developing lean HR policies can help sustain organisational operations and performance in times of Pandemic (P-value<0.05). Therefore, the study concluded that developing HR contingency strategies has significant importance particularly in dealing with similar situations like Covid-19.


The behaviour of load-transfer for a single pile has been paid attention.It is well recognized that the non-linear behaviour of pile-soil interface play an important role in analyzing the behaviour of load-transfer mechanism for a single pile,which can be reflected by the mobilization of shear stress develped along the pile shaft,most works are focused on the linearelastic response of a single pile.In this paper,a transfer function,which can describe the nonlinear relationship between the shaft shear stress and pile shaft displacement,is introduced,and based on the proposed transfer function,a intensive research has been carried out to study the behaviour of load-transfer for a single pile in different multi-layered soil profiles.


This article analyzes the process of queering the academy by focusing on the politics and praxis that constitute sexuality's role(s) in academic spaces. We advance our critique through a dialogue to centralize our own identities as we interrogate the treatment of the queer project within the academy. Our analysis reveals a contradiction that hamstrings the advancement of queer rhetorical work in the very locus that should bring new life to the discipline: the graduate classroom.


The management of residual sludge is a current environmental and economic problem for many Italian and Swiss dimensional stone quarries. It may be possible to transfer sludge to local treatment plants where sludge could be treated in order to ensure its reuse. Sludge production is about: 70.000 t/year for Ossola Valley Basin, 16.000 t/year for Luserna Stone District and 8-10.000 t/year for Canton Ticino. This paper outlines research that has developed a method to convert residual sludge into loam that can be reused for as a fertile substrata for quarry remediation. Case studies in Val d'Ossola, Luserna stone and Canton Ticino basins describe the reuse of this sludge. It is not feasible to use sludges for farming applications due to their granulometry and physio-chemical nature, as well as their probable contamination brought about by the quarry processing (e.g. TPH: C10-C40). Technological advances have enabled the composting of a mix of residual sludge with green material and nutrients. Bioremediation of this material takes approximately 12 weeks. Initial results indicate that the total petroleum hydrocarbons (range C10-C40) in the dry sludge were reduced by 70% and that the CFU (colonies forming units) increased within 10 weeks. Compost maturity and agronomical parameters indicate that the product is similar to standard forest soil. The aim of the paper is to indicate the benefit of treating quarry sludge waste.


Understanding the control of zinc homeostasis as a result of chronic deficiency is hampered due to a lack of effective measures to assess Zn status. This randomized placebo‐controlled Zn supplementation trial in apparently healthy women evaluated effects of 20 mg Zn as Zn sulfate for 23 d on Zn transporter and metallothionein (MT) mRNA abundance and plasma Zn concentration. Non‐pregnant, non‐lactating women from rural southern Ethiopia with body mass index of 18.5‐24.9 were participants. PBMC collected from fasting blood at baseline and endpoint were stored in RNAlater. RNA was extracted from PBMC, reverse‐transcribed, and used for gene expression analyses. The mRNA abundance of Zn transporters (ZnT1/ZIP3/ZIP4) and MT1 was determined by qPCR. Plasma Zn was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Abundance of ZIP4 decreased following Zn supplementation (p =0.04), though ZnT1, ZIP3 and MT1 abundance was unchanged. Despite these differences in expression, ZnT1 and ZIP4 abundance were correlated following Zn supplementation (r = 0. 934; p = 0.002). The mean (±SD) plasma Zn at baseline was 680±105 µg/L for the Zn group and 741±92 µg/L for the placebo group. At endpoint, plasma Zn in the Zn group increased to 735±79 µg/L (p<0.01) while the placebo group (717±103 µg/L) did not change from baseline (p = 0.31). Plasma Zn was not significantly related to abundance of mRNA for any Zn transporter or for MT. The observed change in ZIP4 mRNA abundance with Zn supplementation merits further investigation.


In the Ancient Shilla society the horse was used for many purposes and was regarded as the most useful domestic animal. The horse was tightly connected with human life and was considered as a part of it. In ancient times horses had many functions that included riding, transportation of goods and people, carriers and as a sacrificial animal. Due to the multipurposes of the horse in that era, it is difficult to understand how symbolic the horse was. Discovering how the horse was used and symbolized in the ancient society is important if we are to understand the character of the people of that era. The following article aims to dig up and find the practical uses and the symbolic meaning of the horse by referring to documents and archaeological reports. The people began domesticating the horse since the Bronze Age in Korea. From that time on the horse was used more for transportation and military combat than for eating or sacrificing. The horse was used because it possessed and provided the power of speed and comfort to its wealthy owners. The way in which the people utilized the horse often had a major bearing on the final outcome. Using the horse as a means of transportation was generally known since the time when village tribes were assembled. The time when regions began riding the horse differed: the North was in general earlier than the South to begin riding the horse. According to documents and archaeological remains it was concluded that man began riding the horse from around B.C. 1C to just after and they also knew how to use a carriage. At that time, the women rode along with the men. In brief, the women went out with the men and the officers brought their family to their new post. This was a difference in the Chosun Dynasty. The provision and breeding of the horse was biologically controlled in the Shilla society. The Shilla government established a system where they gave the duties of looking after the horses to members of the public. There were also people who bred horses privately and these horses were bought and sold in the private market. These horses are exchanged as gifts from nations to nations in tribute of good deeds. There was a great market for the by-product such as leather, and meat and so the horse was used extensively in their daily life. The Shilla people treated the horse as a part of their wealth and so when people commit serious crimes they pay with the horse to be liberalized. The horse along with steel weaponry and armor was a major item that needed to be captured in order for success during war. The horse was also very important economically and can be almost thought of as being equivalently worth one slave. So the more upper class you were during the Shilla period, the more horses you owned and bred. During the United Shilla period the upper class society owned at least 3 horses and the lower class had on average 1 to 2 horses. The horse was an animal that symbolized social status. During the United Shilla period. the upper class also known as 'Golpoom(골품)' had rules that determined the decorations allowed on the horse wagon. bridle, reigns and so on. This showed their position in society. Those in the upper class who were or were above 5 dooppoom(두품) were allowed to utilize the wagon. The general public including women were however at least allowed to use the horse. In conclusion the horse was a symbolic animal in many ways. In Korean mythology, the horse has been portrayed as an animal that is owned by neither heaven nor earth and plays a role of roaming between the two. The people swore to the heavens and offered the horse as a sacrifice to the heavens as a resurrected animal. The Korean people after the religious sacrifice shared the resurrected animal during the feast. It is not known for sure however, whether the horse amongst all the other sacrificed animals was eaten during the feast.


Abstract Infection with the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)-associated coronavirus results in respiratory failure probably by immunological mechanisms in 10% of patients. Laboratory markers that predict subsequent respiratory failure would therefore be useful in patient management. We describe the clinical course, hematologic parameters, lymphocyte subpopulations and markers of inflammation in two patients with SARS, i.e., one man with diabetes mellitus and one pregnant woman, infected by the same viral isolate. The patient with underlying diabetes mellitus developed respiratory failure after admission in the second week of the illness while the second patient developed only a mild disease without respiratory failure. Subsequent respiratory dysfunction was associated with low numbers of Natural Killer (NK) cells at presentation and elevated CRP levels during the illness. NK cells and CRP levels at the end of the first week of the disease might be related to subsequent respiratory dysfunction and may link underlying conditions to disease severity.


Three listening experiments with carefully manipulated synthetic stimuli have been performed to examine the processing of dynamic information. By means of comparing all possible combinations of triads of nine one-formant CVC like stimuli, differing in target frequency and transition duration, an attempt is made at understanding the physical parameters cueing perceptual equivalences among these specific stimuli. From the first two experiments, the only difference in the stimuli being the direction of the transitions, it is concluded that two specu·ally-complex sounds may sound alike -despite different target frequencies-, provided that the stimulus having the highest (or in exp. 2 lowest) target frequency is compensated by a longer/slower trajectory. A third experiment showed that perceptual alikeness of two out of three spectrally complex synthetic stimuli is for a major part dependent on transition rate. The results of the experiments are discussed in terms of psycho-acoustic findings and -albeit the peripheral nature of the stimulialso in terms of speech perception.


Background/Objectives: Light Fidelity is popularly known as Li-Fi. This is a most recent technology that was driven by German physicist Harald Haas(1) in 2011. The technology was proposed during a global talk on Technology Entertainment Design on VLC communications. Visible light communications are optical ways of communication that network the LED for data transmission. The term Li-Fi uses VLC communication for the high-end communication that can be an alternative to Wi-Fi. The proposal of Harald Haas is comparable with IEEE 802.15.7 that is the fully dual directional and networked standard built for 802.11. Li-Fi applications are featured for their comparison with other technologies like Wireless fidelity and their general use for LAN. Materials and methods: However, the optimality of the proposed Li-Fi is within highly dense areas where Wi-Fi faces interfaces and radio interferences are no good for complimentary performance goals of the communication standard. Li-Fi proves to be better in bandwidth, connectivity and secure when the higher speeds above 1Gbps are achieved. Finding/novelty : This study outlines the characteristics of Li-Fi and describes its potential use in a smart traffic net. The smart traffic net is the future of the transport system that is based on Li-Fi. Therefore, this is called Li-Net in this article. Li-Net is a modified VaNet that uses Li-Fi for V2V and V2I communication. The leveraging of Low cost LEDs and other lighting units have lots of opportunities that can help the Li-Fi to get over Wi-Fi.
Keywords: Li-Fi; Li-Net; VaNet; communication technology; network; smart network


Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor worldwide. We proposed to identify a vital gene signature that has prognostic value for UM metastasis. For this purpose, we obtained a published DNA methylation and gene expression data set associated with UM from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The genes whose aberrant expression significantly associated with UM patients' metastasis‐free survival (MFS) were identified by applying a univariate Cox proportional hazards model to the gene expression data set followed by a robust likelihood‐based survival analysis to screen the optimal prognostic gene signatures (PGS). A formula for calculating the risk score that represents UM metastasis risk was constructed by including the PGSs' expression values weighted by their regression coefficients, which were obtained by a multivariate Cox regression analysis. As a result, aberrant expression of 2884 genes were found to be significantly associated with UM patients' MFS, which were referred to as MFSGs, and 11 out of those MFSGs, GJC1, TCEA1, MFSD3, FAF2, TLCD1, GPAA1, CYC1, ASAP1, JPH1, LDB3, and KDELR3, were identified as PGSs through which we could accurately separate UM samples with shorter MFS from those with longer MFS. By combining the DNA methylation data set and MFSGs, we further identified 265 MFSGs, which contained CpG sites that significantly hyper‐ or hypo‐methylated in UM samples compared with control samples. Functional enrichment analysis and pathway crosstalk analysis of those genes indicated significant enrichment of cancer‐related pathways. In conclusion, we identified an 11‐gene‐based prognostic signature and several gene biomarkers for UM metastasis, which should be helpful for selecting an appropriate treatment method for specific patients with UM.


Research background: Artificial intelligence is a term that is now known to almost everyone and is among the trends and innovations of Industry 4.0 for 2020. It is a much-discussed topic in the field of technology. Artificial intelligence and machine training are the driving forces across different industries. In many cases, artificial intelligence helps people in their work and simplifies it or even completely replaces the human workforce.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to state how artificial intelligence can affect and solve existing problems in last mile delivery. For example, inefficiency is a major problem with last mile delivery because the last section of delivery usually involves a number of short-distance stops. However, a long waiting time for the customer to deliver the goods or incorrect allocation of resources and vehicles to the required areas can also be a problem. And it is artificial intelligence that should help solve such problems.
Methods: Comparison, Empirical and retrospective analysis are used within the analysis of different modes of last-mile delivery.
Findings & Value added: The research results shows the ways in which artificial intelligence can help solve problems in last mile delivery. Examples include The Vehicle Routing optimization (VRO), which aims to calculate the most optimal delivery route or artificial intelligence technology, which is used to interpret various events, manage data, and apply predictive intelligence.


Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) and Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in removing smear layer on root canal dentin after rotary instrumentation. Materials and methods: Sixty extracted maxillary incisor teeth were taken, decoronated and standardized to working length of 14 mm from the apex. All the canals were prepared with NiTi rotary files, rinsed with 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and divided into three groups. Group 1 constituted the negative control and was rinsed with saline, group 2 with EDTA and group 3 was exposed to Nd:YAG radiation. The specimens were split longitudinally into two halves and examined under SEM with 1,000× magnification at levels of 2 and 6 mm from apical foramen. Photomicrographs were evaluated by the Hulsmann scoring system and results were tabulated. Scores 1 and 2 were grouped as clean walls and scores 3, 4 and 5 were grouped as smear layer present. Results: Group 1 showed inefficiency in removing smear layer with only 15% clean walls in middle one-third and no clean walls in apical one-third. Group 2 (NaOCl + EDTA) showed 55% clean walls in middle one-third while 15% clean walls in apical onethird while group 3 showed 70% effectiveness in middle onethird and only 15% effectiveness in apical one-third. Conclusion: EDTA and Nd:YAG were found more efficient in smear layer removal than saline. Results of EDTA and Nd:YAG were comparable in apical one-third while Nd:YAG was found to be more efficient than EDTA in middle one-third.


The results for vibrationally and electronically elastic scattering of low-energy electrons with C{sub 2}H{sub 2} molecules are presented by employing the close-coupling method under the fixed-nuclei approximation. The full e{sup {minus}}-C{sub 2}H{sub 2} interaction is approximated parameter-free as a sum of static, polarization and exchange potentials. The final cross sections (differential, total and momentum transfer) are characterised by a minimum (around 0.2 eV), a maximum (around 2 eV, the well known {Pi}{sub g} shape resonance due to d-wave tunneling effect) and a broad hump around 10 eV. All these features agree well with measurements. The scattering length for the e{sup {minus}}-C{sub 2}H{sub 2} system is found to be -3.9 au. Details of Differential, integral and momentum transfer cross sections for rotationally elastic, inelastic and summed processes in the energy range of 0.01-20 eV will be reported.


The invention discloses a wireless remote control intelligent bolt fastening device. The device comprises a handheld control receiver and an operation end; the operation end comprises a torque wrench, a motor, a microprocessor, an RFID radio frequency unit, a torque sensor, an angular sensor, an optical-electricity encoder, a torque data collection circuit and a wireless transmission unit. The motor, the RFID radio frequency unit, the torque data collection circuit, the optical-electricity encoder and the wireless transmission unit are all connected with the microprocessor; a torque value can be preset for the handheld control receiver, and the torque wrench is wirelessly started to work, so that the torque value and angular value information is received and displayed in real time, and a voice frequency is played to remind that operation is finished. A user can control the torque wrench through the handheld control receiver, the torque value is preset, and the torque value and angular value information can be obtained in real time during the actual operation of the torque wrench; and when the torque wrench reaches the preset torque value, work is automatically stopped. The safety problem caused by unqualified bolt fastening can be solved, and meanwhile the working efficiency of an operator is improved.


In the Gospel of John, chapters 14:26 and 15:26, Jesus promises that the Father will send the Holy Spirit in Jesus? name, and the Holy Spirit ?will bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you,? and ?He will bear witness to me.? That means the Holy Spirit will surely teach us the meaning of the Sermon on the Mount--the biggest section in the New Testament of what Jesus said to us. Murray Dempster makes the point especially clearly: ?Luke made it clear in his prologue in the Acts that because of the transference of the Spirit the church continued to do and teach those things which Jesus began to do and teach (Acts 1:1). What needs to be underscored is that the message of the kingdom of God was the focal point of all those things that Jesus began to do and teach? (Dempster, Klaus, and Petersen, 23; see also Dempster, ?Pentecostal Social Concern,? 149). And Gordon Fee hammers it home with his thoroughly faithful and accurate biblical scholarship: ?The universal witness of the Synoptic tradition is that the absolutely central theme of Jesus? mission and message was ?the good news of the kingdom of God?? (in Ibid., 8). The ethics of the kingdom of God is set forth most clearly in the Sermon on the Mount. Each of the beatitudes announces a blessing of participation in the kingdom of God. The Lord?s Prayer prays for the kingdom to come. The kingdom is mentioned explicitly nine times in the Sermon. And I hope to show that each of the main teachings is a pointer to the way of deliverance that we are given when the kingdom breaks into our midst. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus gives us The Great Commission: ?As you go, therefore, make disciples of all peoples, baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to practice all the commands that I have given you; and lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age.? (Matt 28:19-20). The way of discipleship and the commands of Jesus are most explicitly taught in the Sermon on the Mount. The way we are to make disciples of all peoples is to teach them the practices taught mostly in the Sermon on the Mount (Luz, Matthew 1-7, 214). The Sermon on the Mount echoes throughout the Gospel of Luke, as well as in Paul?s letters and the rest of the New Testament (Davies, Setting). In the first three centuries of the church, no other biblical passage was referred to as often as the Sermon on the Mount (Kissinger, 6). Pentecostalism is a movement of restoration of New Testament faith and practice. Therefore it is the inherent logic of Pentecostalism to pray for the help of the Holy Spirit in recovering the Sermon on the Mount for our practice. I do so pray.


This is a story of design in action. Referencing several mini-case studies, Thomas Lockwood demonstrates the integral relationship between design and corporate success. Of even greater value, however, is his distillation of seven ways organizations can approach design to make the most of this resource. Moreover, because one option does not preclude the others, executives and managers can use all seven!


Diatom data from the Skagerrak–Kattegat show that large amounts of meltwater were discharged into the Kattegat–Skagerrak from the Baltic Ice Lake during the Younger Dryas interval. Strong meltwater discharge greatly freshened surface-water salinity in the Kattegat and areas along the Swedish west coast and possibly changed the directions of sea-surface salinity gradients from north–south to east–west or northwest–southeast. It resulted in a markedly stratified water column in salinity in the Kattegat, which complicates the environmental interpretation based on different types of microfossils. The meltwater influence on the large area of the Skagerrak during the Younger Dryas was, however, restricted along the Norwegian coast where it flowed into the Norwegian Sea.


Prologue PART 1: APPROACHES TO DEHYDRATION REACTIONS: Thermal dissociation reactions Dehydration reactions Pyrolysis Ring-opening polymerization Phosphorylation Deoxygenation reactions: oxidation-reduction condensation New synthetic reactions based on organosulfur compounds Oxidation-reduction condensation: the synthesis of peptides and nucleotides PART 2: SEARCHING FOR NOVEL SYNTHETIC REAGENTS: New synthetic reactions with titanium compounds Synthetic reactions with the onium salts of Aza-arenes PART 3: NEW CONCEPTS IN SYNTHETIC CONTROL Synthetic control The stereoselective synthesis of carbohydrates The selective Aldol reaction and Michael reaction Epilogue Index.


Objective To investigate the structures of compounds in the rhizome of Cynanchum otophyllum(Asclepiadaceae), and to find new C21 steroidal glycosides. Methods The ethyl acetate extract from the rhizome was subjected to acidic hydrolysis and isolated by column chromatography; The structures of the purified compounds were determined by spectral methods. Literature search confirmed whether those compounds were of new structures. Results Three compounds were isolated and their structures were deacetylmetaplexigenin 3-O-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-oleandropyranoside(1), deacetylmetaplexigenin 3-O-α-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-thevetopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-oleandropyranoside(2), and deacetylmeta-plexigenin 3-O-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-oleandropyranoside(3), respectively. Conclusion Compounds 1-3 are new compounds.


It summed up the achievements of characterization in The Book of Poetry from four parts:image analysis, artistry, the cause of characteristics and moral implication in the past 30 years. The appearance and excellent qualities were described in the analysis on the female. Meanwhile, moral characters were described in the analysis about the male. The artistic techniques were always expressed by Fu, Bi, Xing and the general technique of character description. The cause of the characteristics might be the religious consciousness, aesthetic tradition and social background. The moral implication included such moral consciousness as filial piety and fraternal duty, integrity, loyalty and patriotism. The limitations of the study were the repeating analyses on characterization, lacking of deeper digging in artistic techniques and realistic significance about moral implication.


In this study, the deformation performance of galvanized deep drawing steel is investigated depending on coating thickness and forming limit of non-alloy pure zinc coated steel. Regarding to this; 100 and 150 g/m2 Zn-coated samples are used to see the relevance with finite element analysis. To determine the deformation condition of Zn coating the samples were prepared at different elongation levels, then the samples are examined with surface views and cross-sectional analyses with scanning electron microscope to observe the amount of deformation at the onset of crack in the zinc coating cross-section. The change of zinc coating with elongation at cross-section region of the material will be investigated via microstructural analyses. It is aimed to determine the most suitable zinc coating level depending on the deep drawing amount in interstitial free (IF) steel usage. Furthermore, the performance of zinc coating will be investigated with finite element analyses with the goal of validating experimental results. Depending on the results of this study, the influence of zinc coating for a physical component will be carried out as a new study.


ABSTRACT Objective: identify nursing diagnoses in patients with immune-bullous dermatosis. Method: a quantitative and descriptive research, carried out in three institutions located in Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, using the Client Assessment Protocol in Dermatology during a nursing consultation. Simple descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Results: 14 subjects participated in the study, nine with a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus two and three of bullous pemphigoid. The age ranged between 27 and 82 years, predominantly females (11). 14 nursing diagnoses were discussed and identified from a clinical rationale in all study participants, representing the most common human responses in this sample. The application of the Assessment Protocol in Dermatology facilitated the comprehensive assessment, in addition to providing the identification of diagnostics according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International. Conclusion: the nursing diagnoses presented confirm the necessity of interdisciplinary work during the care for this clientele. For better description of the phenomena related to the client in question, it is suggested the inclusion of two risk factors related in three diagnoses of this taxonomy. It is worth noting the contribution of the findings for the care, education and research in nursing in dermatology.


ABSTRACT Background: Early adversity (EA) can contribute to the onset, manifestation, and course of various mental disorders. Measuring EA is still conceptually and psychometrically challenging due to issues such as content coverage, item-wording, scaling methods, and validation procedures. Further, despite research demonstrating the importance of the severity of EA, most EA scales solely focused on the 'presence-versus-absence' indicator of adverse events. Objective: To address these potentially relevant gaps, we have developed a 13-item measure of EA, the Youth and Childhood Adversity Scale (YCAS). Beyond a dichotomous assessment of whether a set of adverse events have been experienced, this scale also assesses the respective severity of these events. Methods: We evaluated the YCAS in a sample of 596 adolescent students (ages 16–19) and a second sample of 451 medical students (ages 18–30+). Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the underlying structure as proposed by the data, which was then tested with confirmatory factor analysis. We psychometrically assessed both factor scores and sum scores. Results: In both samples, a one-factorial solution was found for both responses to dichotomous items and severity items. Item loadings had a broad range, with minimum loadings of .1-.2 and maximum loadings of .7-.9. Irrespective of the response type, this factor exhibited good reliability (omega total, range: .80 − .89) and was associated with a range of mental-health outcomes, self-esteem, and childhood maltreatment. The fit of the model resembling sum scores was not satisfactory, but the sum score reliability (coefficient alpha, range: .78 − .89) was acceptable and most of the associations with the validation measures held. Conclusions: The YCAS allows an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment of EA and its severity. It covers a reasonable breadth of events, whilst simultaneously being parsimonious. We discuss next steps of how to improve this measure to fully capture the complexity of EA. HIGHLIGHTS We present the Youth and Childhood Adversity Scale (YCAS), measuring the presence and severity of adversities. Both yes/no and severity ratings had a 1-factor solution of good reliability and validity. Further refinement of the YCAS, eg improved content breadth, is suggested.


A case of hyperplastic callus formation is reported in a girl of eleven; several bones were affected. There were no associated fractures. She is believed to be suffering from a mild non-familial type of osteogenesis imperfecta without blue sclerotics and presents multiple bony excrescences unassociated with injury. The relevant literature is reviewed. The effect of a trial of treatment with A.C.T.H. and with deep x-ray is reported.


Aims: To evaluate the impacts and outcomes of diabetes care on patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care services at Malaysia through analysis of National Diabetes Registry (NDR) Database. Methods: This is a crosssectional study using audit dataset extracted from NDR from 2012-2016 for 13 primary health clinics located at Johor Bahru (JB) district, Malaysia. Results: Five subsets of 1314, 702, 778, 774 and 762 patients with T2DM (2012-2016) from NDR registry were studied. Only 23.3% of patients achieved a target of haemoglobin A1c ≤6.5% (48mmol/mol) in 2016 with a mean reading of 8.1% (65mmol/mol). Suboptimal control of blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and body mass index were noted. Increased usage of oral anti-diabetes agents (OAD), insulin, antihypertensive agents (AHA) and anti-lipid agents (ALA) was observed. Conclusion: Majority of the T2DM patients managed in the primary health clinics in JB do not achieve optimal glycemic control and other parameters for the past 5 years. Improvements are seen in terms of treatment target achievement among T2DM patients. However, increasing use of OAD, insulin, AHA and ALA do not translate into clinical benefits. A structured and coordinated effort is necessary at the basic primary care level to improve future outcomes.


A series of A-site deficient scheelite ceramics (Ca1−3xBi2xΦx)MoO4 (x = 0.005, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2, and Φ: A-site vacancy) were synthesized via the solid state reaction route. The structures were analyzed using a combination of X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (Mo K-edge and Bi L3-edge) to determine average and local structures. A series of defective scheelite (Ca1−3xBi2xΦx)MoO4 compositions can be formed as a solid solution, and local structures of Mo and Bi indicate that a MoO4 tetrahedron and a BiO8 polyhedron become more distorted with the x value. The large change in the Bi–O1 (the first shell) and Bi–O2 (the second shell) distances is an important insight into the nature of the defective structures. The statistical disorder of a Bi–O bond is one order of magnitude larger than that of a Mo–O bond. The microstructures and microwave dielectric properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and through network analyzer resonance studies. All the compositions can be sintered well below 900 °C. With slight Bi substitutions (x = 0.005 and 0.015), the samples exhibit improved Q × f values. At x = 0.15, temperature stable (TCF = −1.2 ppm per °C) low-firing (ST = 700 °C) microwave dielectric materials were obtained with a permittivity of 21.2 and a Q × f value of 29 300 GHz. The factors affecting dielectric properties are associated with the local structures of Mo and Bi across the solid solution.


A DWT domain efficient digital audio watermarking algorithm based on auditory masking effect that can be achieved in the WAV format audio signals embedded in the WAV format audio watermarking is proposed.By using Matlab7.0 programming the embedding,extraction and anti-piracy,and other properties of the watermarking process is studied.The experimental results show that the audio watermarks generated with the proposed algorithm are comparatively inaudible,and of stronger anti-copyright-usurpation ability,and robust against such signal processings as re-sampling,1ow-pass filtering,and noise adding.


Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant health problem in developing countries. There are limited data on TB among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance dialysis in India. Clinical profile and outcome of TB in dialysis were studied.


In the present study, the ethanolic root extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Fabaceae, (EDG), have been studied in various acute and chronic ulcer mouse models. Oral administration of root extract, significantly decrease the ulcer index and lesion number in a dose dependent manner against ethanol induced acute gastric ulcer in mice. In gastric ulcerated animal that received high dose of 150 mg/kg EDG, the mucosa showed no ulceration with slight focal congestion and the glands appeared normal. Pylorus ligated mice, pretreated with EDG showed significant decrease in ulcerous activity under chronic condition. The highest dose (150 mg/kg) of the extract provoked a marked increase in protein and glutathione levels, when compare to control. Furthermore, gastric juice, free acidity and total acid output were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner at p<0.05 level. Our results indicate that the EDG possess gastroprotective activity and increasing regeneration of damaged gastric mucosa and thus safe for human use.


Although delivery of goods is vitally important for residents and industries in urban areas, the presence and operations of goods transport vehicles in urban areas are often regarded more as a nuisance than an essential service. Local communities, on the one hand, have to facilitate the essential flows of goods in urban areas and on the other hand have to reduce the adverse impacts of urban goods on their communities being served. In Europe, with its historic city centres and dense living areas, the nuisance of freight traffic has been addressed to as problem for a long time now on a local level but also on the national and even the European level (EU-action 321 Urban Goods Transport). In 2003, the OECD published a report on urban freight transport with the title Delivering the Goods, 21 st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport (OECD, 2003). In a period of more than 15 years, in European cities measures have been taken to reduce traffic by introducing vehicles restrictions or by promoting consolidation of goods flows. Also introduction of cleaner, smaller and more flexible freight vehicles are proposed. This paper presents a general overview of different public policies and planning in the field of urban freight transport, based on my involvement in different European Commission projects, in the making of the OECD-report and as member of the Institute for City Logistics. Different public measures and instruments are discussed and categorised, such as licensing and regulation, private and public initiatives to bundle good flows and different types of freight centres.


We present a uniied analysis for a class of long-step primal-dual path-following algorithms for semideenite programming whose search directions are obtained through linearization of the symmetrized equation of the central path H P (XS) PXSP ?1 + (PXSP ?1) T ]=2 = I, introduced by Zhang. At an iterate (X; S), we choose a scaling matrix P from the class of nonsingular matrices P such that P XSP ?1 is symmetric. This class of matrices includes the three well-known choices, namely: P = S 1=2 and P = X ?1=2 proposed by Monteiro, and the matrix P corresponding to the Nesterov-Todd direction. We show that within the class of algorithms studied in this paper, the one based on the Nesterov-Todd direction has the lowest possible iteration-complexity bound that can provably be derived from our analysis. More speciically, its iteration-complexity bound is of the same order as that of the corresponding long-step primal-dual path-following algorithm for linear programming introduced by Kojima, Mizuno and Yoshise.


Marine riser is the key but the most brittle assembly in deepwater oil exploration and production.The fatigue and fracture accident of deepwater risers,which are caused by factors such as vortex-induced vibration(VIV),offset of platform and so on,not only lead to huge economic loss,but also bring out marine ecological disaster and even create international political problems.The deepwater riser monitoring technology,starting from the fatigue and fracture accident the risers encountered,is the important guaranty for them to run safely during service and plays a vital role in the evaluation of structural fatigue damage and early warning of fracture accident.The advanced fatigue monitoring technologies are required urgently to meet the new journey of deepwater exploration and production industry that our country has embarked on.The why and how on fatigue monitoring of deep water riser is reviewed.The key parameters to monitor,the detecting methods and the manners of data transmission for their fatigue monitoring are introduced,and more attention is paid to the latter two.At last,the states of the art of fatigue monitoring methods in China and the test in South China Sea are discussed.Some suggestions on deepwater riser monitoring are given to support exploration and operation of deepwater oil and gas industry in a safe and environmentally responsible manner.


When I was invited to write this essay and submit it for this issue, I was both surprised and flattered. I had no idea, at the time, that I had anything to say about language. But the editor insisted I had, and so I looked back at older work and found he was right. I had, indeed, written quite a lot in this area. With my memory jolted, I rethought my research threads for a research seminar at the University of Portsmouth and came to the surprising conclusion that representation and communication were central themes. (This should not have surprised me, for I had just rediscovered that my old work was deeply imbedded in these concerns.) Writing this essay, then, seemed a natural development, and I was glad of the opportunity to refocus my concerns. Yet I am no linguist, and do not pretend to be one, nor am I concerned with literary criticism. I know only what a layman might know, and not a very well-informed layman at that. So it is with some trepidation that I present this work. However, I am (again) fortified by the editor. He told me my job was to write about cybernetics (systems theory) and language, and that the job of finding it useful, of making the connections, was to be left to the (in-


Simple Summary Drought is one of the main drivers resulting in carbon imbalance in terrestrial ecosystems and the mortality of plants. How plants can survive under drought stress is becoming a major focus of interest. Non-structural carbohydrates include sugars and starch that are essential to plant metabolism and their roles in drought stress are thought to be critically important. Our study examined the allocation strategies of non-structural carbohydrates for three-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis (Chinese pine) seedlings under drought and subsequent re-watering conditions. Our results indicated that P. tabulaeformis seedlings showed strong drought resistance by investing limited non-structural carbohydrates to roots and depleting the starch storage in each organ (leaf, twig, stem, and root) to fuel the needs of plant metabolism and osmotic adjustment. Starch storage was first reconstructed after the drought stress was released. Our findings not only prove the important role of non-structural carbohydrates, especially starch storage, in the survival of P. tabulaeformis seedlings under drought condition, but also complement the limited studies on allocation strategies of non-structural carbohydrate after the drought stress is released, and broaden our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to drought stress. Abstract Intense and frequent drought events strongly affect plant survival. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are important "buffers" to maintain plant functions under drought conditions. We conducted a drought manipulation experiment using three-year-old Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. seedlings. The seedlings were first treated under different drought intensities (i.e., no irrigation, severe, and moderate) for 50 days, and then they were re-watered for 25 days to explore the dynamics of NSCs in the leaves, twigs, stems, and roots. The results showed that the no irrigation and severe drought treatments significantly reduced photosynthetic rate by 93.9% and 32.6% for 30 days, respectively, leading to the depletion of the starch storage for hydraulic repair, osmotic adjustment, and plant metabolism. The seedlings under moderate drought condition also exhibited starch storage consumption in leaves and twigs. After re-watering, the reduced photosynthetic rate recovered to the control level within five days in the severe drought group but showed no sign of recovery in the no irrigation group. The seedlings under the severe and moderate drought conditions tended to invest newly fixed C to starch storage and hydraulic repair instead of growth due to the "drought legacy effect". Our findings suggest the depletion and recovery of starch storage are important strategies for P. tabulaeformis seedlings, and they may play key roles in plant resistance and resilience under environmental stress.