As first shown by Mayneord, Martin and Layne (1949), patients undergoing radiotherapy with very high-energy radiation are made slightly radioactive. In a study of this effect, I irradiated several elements of which the human body is composed, using the betatrons at the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, and the Regional Hospital, Orebro, Sweden. After  irradiation of oxygen compounds the isotopes 150 and 1 4 0 were easily detected and identified by their half-lives, 2.03 min and 73 sec respectively, and by the 2-3 Mev y-ray from 1 4 0 . There was also evidence of one or more nuclides with longer half-lives. A similar finding was made by Joyet (1952) who considered them to be isotopes of Al. To investigate this further, three different compounds of oxygen were irradiated: H20 as distilled and triple distilled water, H,BO, and A120,. These compounds were chosen because (a) hydrogen does not give rise to radioactive nuclides by a y-ray reaction, ( b ) because all boron isotopes have very short halflives (less than 1 sec), and (c) because the half-lives of isotopes of aluminium


The properties of a CMOS-compatible pn-photodiode, phototransistor, and one-dimensional lateral-effect photodiode (LEP) for position-sensing applications are characterized. The photodiode and phototransistor seem to have properties that are comparable to typical commercial photodetectors despite the relatively large variations in their spatial and spectral responses and the lower responsivity in the near-infrared band. In addition to the above properties the LEP's show excellent linearity, but 3-4 times larger NEP than corresponding commercial LEP's due to low resistance of the current dividing layer. The responsivity variations have no effect on the linearity of the LEP, and the slightly lower responsivity at near-infrared has only a negligible effect on the achievable resolution (SNR). These properties, usually considered as weak points of CMOS-compatible photodetectors, are believed to have little or no effect on the properties of a position sensor, if the diameter of the light spot is small ( >


Oxprenolol was administered in single doses by mouth to healthy volunteers either in a polymer-matrix slow-release formulation (Slow Trasicor) or in osmotic drug-delivery systems (oxprenolol Oros). Plasma oxprenolol concentrations and heart rates after exercise were measured. Plasma concentrations of the drug were maximal at 3 h but negligible at 24 h after administration of Slow Trasicor. Following ingestion of the Oros systems measurable concentrations were maintained throughout 24 h. Significant reduction of exercise-induced tachycardia persisted for 24 h after administration of oxprenolol Oros. With Slow Trasicor heart rate responses had returned to baseline values by this time. The osmotic drug-delivery systems appear to sustain significant beta-adrenoceptor blockade for 24 h after a single oral dose.


This is the first edition of one of the most highly praised and touching collections of poems to appear in recent years. In selecting it for the "National Poetry Series", Philip Levine said: 'The courage of this book is that it looks away from nothing: the miracle is that wherever it looks it finds poetry...Mark Doty is a maker of big, risky, fearless poems in which ordinary human experience becomes music'. Mark Doty, the recipient of a 1994 Whiting Writers' Award, is the author of two previous books of poetry, "Turtle, Swan" and "Bethlehem in Broad Daylight". He is winner of: the T.S. Eliot Prize, 1995; winner of a Whiting Writers' Award, 1994; winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award; finalist, National Book Award, 1993; and, winner of the "L.A. Times" Book Award in Poetry.


The television signals are sampled both spatially and temporally, i. e., the vertical domain of the image is quantized by scanning lines, while the temporal domain according to the time rate of the field alterations. In that consequence, parasitic specta are introduced in the sampled product, and in principle, a pre-filter and an interpolation filter based on sampling theory are necessarily called for to the faithful reproduction of original picture quality at the displays.


We present a novel approach to automated estimation of agreement intensity levels from facial images. To this end, we employ the MAHNOB Mimicry database of subjects recorded during dyadic interactions, where the facial images are annotated in terms of agreement intensity levels using the Likert scale (strong disagreement, disagreement, neutral, agreement and strong agreement). Dynamic modelling of the agreement levels is accomplished by means of a Conditional Ordinal Random Field model. Specifically, we propose a novel Neural Conditional Ordinal Random Field model that performs non-linear feature extraction from face images using the notion of Neural Networks, while also modelling temporal and ordinal relationships between the agreement levels. We show in our experiments that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods for modelling of sequential data. The preliminary results obtained on five subjects demonstrate that the intensity of agreement can successfully be estimated from facial images (39% F1 score) using the proposed method.


The extract of immature Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) seeds has a radiomimetic action on mitosis of the same species. The effective substances are extractable by water, alcohol and acetone. In the developing endosperm, chromosome aberrations and high polyploidy were frequently found. It is, therefore, likely that some chemical substances responsible for radiomimetic action may accumulate within the endosperm of immature seeds. Mitotic abnormalities found in the seedling of Welsh onion are explained by assuming that some chemical snbstances are formed in the early stage of germination, as mentioned previously by the present author.


Wondering about this seeming paradox, Kat Gregory began "The Virtue of Vice and the Vice of Virtue: The Rhetoric of Criminality" interested in how Colton Harris-Moore, aka the Barefoot Bandit, who had terrorized, or at the very least inconvenienced and annoyed, numerous residents of Camano Island in Washington, became a social media sensation with more than 70,000 Facebook fans. What made the 19-year-old's stealing from vacation homes to his eventual commandeering of airplanes and boats so attractive to citizens of a country that incarcerates more humans than anywhere, at anytime, in the history of the developed world?


An effective innovation policy for the less developed countries might be different from that for the advanced ones. Where demand for technology from the private sector is still dormant, the appropriate market environment, such as a well-behaved price mechanism and a competitive market structure, should be established to stimulate indigenous demand for technology, as a prior stage to linkage between demand and supply. Government R&D expenditure has to be made for a certain period of time, as a necessary condition for indigenous private R&D. Employing the time series analysis to the case of Korea, the flow of causality between government and private R&D expenditure is identified as evidence of this argument. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


Security information is objective situation including security administration,social order situations,security surroundings and so on,which are all related to security.It is consciousness settlement of social state,social behavior and social psychology in public security.The role of security information in the administration of entertainment places,which is not only the basis of administrative decision but also the knot of communication of administrative sections and the foundation of administrative coordination,supervision and control.So security information must be collected through kinds of ways in order to take effect on the administration of entertainment places,improve social and economic development and construct harmonious socialist society.


Successful application of computer controlling system in Yantianao Tunnel has totally changed the traditional controlling pattern of relay-contactor for tunnel inspection and controlling.It has solved the problem of system disturbance in medium-long tunnel with over-length controlling cable,multiple core,miscellaneous cables,large leaking current caused by induction voltage and various interference source.


A Real Adam has been proposed whose nature is in agreement with both Scripture and science. However, the nature of this Real Adam is significantly different from that of the traditional Adam of the confessions. As a result of this difference, the injustice of Original Sin has been eliminated, the noetic effects of sin have been explained, and a falsifiable prediction for the propagation of Adam's sin has been proposed.


Bamboo leaf extract was applied to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles in condition of silver nitrate (AgNO3). Several parameters like extract volume, concentration of AgNO3, and potential of hydrogen (pH) were carried out to confirm the optimized synthesis system. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized through UV-Vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX). In addition, inhibition effect of silver nanoparticles towards three maize leaf phytopathogens of Bipolaris maydis, Exserohilum turcicum, and Curvularia lunata was determined. The optimized biosynthesis condition included 15 mL extract, 8 mM AgNO3 at pH 7. The obtained nanoparticles with an average size of 13 nm demonstrated prominent antifungal activity against the three phytopathogens, and the highest inhibition rate reached 93.6% at 200 μg/mL of silver nanoparticles. In addition, when the concentration reached 100 μg/mL the conidia germination of these three pathogens was completely inhibited. The results obtained here provide a neotype pathway for comprehensive control phytopathogens, and it is possible to screen one kind of novel bacteriostatic agents.


With the increasing demand for EVs, capacitors are a shortage to improve EV performance. In this paper, a reducing output capacitance control technique achieves to reduce the value of output capacitance with small output voltage ripple and low voltage deviation. Point of Load (POL) for secondary power supply in EV applications needs a simple design and implementation. The proposed Compensating Light-load Operation and a Simple voltage-mode (CLOS) control for POLs are designed simply by using the AND logic circuit as the gate signal mixture. A prototype experimental result with 12 V input, 5 V output is obtained to verify the circuit operation. The proposed control circuit with reduced output capacitance improves voltage deviation and output voltage ripple, while the experimental prototype circuit uses six times smaller output capacitance.


" Novice Java programmers' conceptions of 'object' and 'class', and variation theory ". Research methods in computing: what are they, and how should we teach them? " in Working group reports on Innovation and technology in computer science education. A. " Characterizing research in computing education: a preliminary analysis of the literature. Laakso and Teague, D. " How difficult are exams? A framework for assessing the complexity of introductory programming exams. [16] Valentine, D.W. " CS educational research: a meta-analysis of SIGCSE technical symposium proceedings. Student Competitions as Highly Valuable Learning Experiences as faculty MeMbers who teach and design information systems (IS) courses and curricula, we frequently struggle to increase students' level of intellectual engagement and their motivation to focus on the material that we are covering. We strive to demonstrate the relevancy of the topics that we have included in our courses and help our students understand why certain capabilities are important. Different instructors and programs have different sets of mechanisms that they employ for these purposes, varying from guest lecturers to structured internships. In this column, my goal is to encourage Information Systems faculty members to consider various forms of student competitions as a way to achieve a number of benefits for their students at a relatively low cost. In the broader computing field, programming competitions are very well known, including those at the global level (e.g., the ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest or the Imagine Cup by Microsoft) and those with a local scope (such as MIT's web programming competition during the school's January intensive session). These events have become important showcases for outstanding student developers to demonstrate their capabilities and develop new solutions. The focus here is, however, on competitions that have been designed specifically for information systems students. Their focus is less on the development of technology and more on integrating technical knowledge and understanding of the business domain to create excellent solutions to business problems. At the graduate level, one of the best-known national competitions in the U.S. is the Strategic Use of Information Technology (SUIT) Showdown, organized by a coalition of leading MSIS professionals and annually hosted by one of the schools. In this competition, three-member teams consisting of MSIS and MBA students solve IT-focused business cases. At the undergraduate level, the Association for Information Systems (AIS) organizes a national student competition as part of their annual student chapter leadership conference. This competition …


A paper submitted to Agronomy Journal Brock C. Blaser, Lance R. Gibson, Jeremy W. Singer, Jean-Luc Jannink, and Keith A. Kohler Growing winter cereal grains in the North Central U.S. can provide multiple benefits to the current com (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Intercropping red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with winter cereal grains can also benefit the cropping rotation while producing forage or a green manure crop. This study was conducted during the 2002-03 and 2003-04 growing seasons to determine the best seeding rates for maximizing cereal grain and red clover yields by optimizing resource competition in the intercrop. In March, red clover was frost-seeded at 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 seeds m-2 into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) seeded at 100, 200, 300, and 400 seeds m-2 the previous October. Cereal grain yield, grain yield components, red clover densities and red clover dry matter (DM) were measured. When examined across species and y~ar, 300 seeds m-2 cereal grain seeding rate was optimum for grain yield and suitable for red clover establishment. Red clover plant densities were 10 to 22% of the seeding rates. The results suggested a winter cereal grain/red clover intercrop could be successfully established in the North Central U.S. using a winter cereal grain seeding rate of 300 seeds m-2 and red.clover seeding rates between 900 to 1200 seeds m-2.


Background: The common bacterial pathogens isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus.
Objectives: This study was conducted to identify pneumonia causing organisms and to determine their antibiogram.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal over a period of one year (Aug 2019-Jul 2020). Ethical approval (Reference Number:1004201810) was taken and convenience samplin g was done using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) guidelines. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 19.
Results: Out of 32 BAL samples, 14 were culture positive. The commonest bacterial pathogens isolated were Klebsiella Pneumoniae 6(42.85%), followed by Acinetobacter baumanii 5(35.71%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2(14.28%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 1(7.14%). The isolates were 100% sensitive to Tigecycline and Polymixin B followed by Colistin(92.85%). Cotrimoxazole was 100% resistant to these isolates followed by Azithromycin (92.85%.
Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumomiae, Acinetobacter baumanii were the most common bacterial pathogens isolated from BAL.


The Malaysian herb,Gynura procumbens (also locally known as 'sambung nyawa') was extracted with methanol and partitioned into ethyl acetate, hexane and butanol fractions in order to investigate its hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities. Methanolic extract of this plant showed considerably good effect on hypoglycemic Type1 and Type 2 diabetic rat models. Furthermore, the gut perfusion study using both crude methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction gave positive response, in which glucose absorption in the rat intestine was delayed. Insulin secretory study using rat pancreatic β-cell lines,BRINBD11, crude hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited stimulatory response in insulin release. Glucose uptake assay using 3T3 mouse adipocytes cell lines indicated that the effect was dose dependent with crude hexane fraction giving highest stimulation to glucose uptake activity. However, the crude methanolic extract had the highest glucose uptake activity in L6 muscle cell lines. Initial analysis of the bioactive ethyl acetate fraction yielded mix of β- sitosterol and stigmasterol and kaempferol-3-O glucoside.


The results in this addendum extend [1, Theorems 1.1 and 8.7]. Let h > 0 be an integer. We characterize algebraic number fields possessing class number h in terms of the sequence of rational primes. Using the notation of [1], let k be an algebraic number field, let [k :Q] = f , and let h(k) denote the class number of k. Let E be the ring of algebraic integers in k. Then E is a ring whose additive group E,+ is a free Abelian group of finite rank f . For each rational prime p let E(p)= Z+ pE . Let G(p) be a reduced torsion-free rankf Abelian group such that End(G(p))∼= E(p). These groups exist by Butler's theorem [3, Theorem I.2.6]. There is a torsion-free reduced group G(p) of rank f such that G(p)/G(p) is finite, and End(G(p))= E . Let L(p)= card(u(E)/u(E(p))) where u(R) is the group of units in the ring R. For an Abelian group H let h(H) be the number of isomorphism classes of groups L that are locally isomorphic to H . (See [3].) Sequences sn and tn are asymptotically equal if limn→∞ sn/tn = 1. The main theorem of this paper follows.


We investigated the protective effects against acute renal failure (ARF) of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (AA) and performed simultaneous analysis of three compounds, neomangiferin (1), mangiferin (2), and isomangiferin (3) in AA using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array. To measure the protective effect of ARF, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione depletion were determined using a kit. HPLC analysis was performed using a Gemini C18 column at 40°C. The mobile phase used gradient elution with 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid (A) and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. In our assay, AA extract inhibits cisplatin-induced production of intracellular ROS. Pre-incubation of AA extracts (10–200 μg/mL) markedly maintained cell viability compared with controls in the noncisplatin-treated cells. Calibration curves of all compounds showed good linearity (r2  0.9992). Recoveries of the three compounds were 98.9–103.4%. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precision were 0.07–1.73% and 0.12–1.49%, respectively. The amounts of the three components were 1.22–20.63 mg/g. The AA extract has potential as a therapeutic agent for treatment of ARF. In addition, the established method will help to improve quality control of AA.


In this issue of TRANSFUSION, Sazama' carefully summarizes the 355 transfusion-associated deaths reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the 10-year period from 1976 through 1985. These deaths were exclusive of those deaths associated with hepatitis or AIDS. The summary provides the most recent update of the FDA files and is a sequel to reports of such data by Although Sazama's account features the "dark side" of transfusion medicine, one must balance these 355 case reports with the observation that a major fraction of the 30 million people who received transfusions during this period were kept alive by the blood they received. The author acknowledges the drawbacks as well as the value of her analysis, noting that an under-reporting of cases is likely. In addition, there is the issue of the degree to which an adverse transfusion reaction contributes to the death of a patient who is perhaps already desperately il l . When an earlier subset of these data was reviewed by SchmidtY3 he eliminated more than one-half of the cases in the belief that the deaths were not directly attributable to t ransf~s ion .~ For example, the reports of deaths ascribed to reactions from Chido and high-titer, low-avidity antibodies leave suspicion that other events had more influence on the patient outcome. Unfortunately, there are no degrees of death from which to extrapolate an answer. I t appears that the quality of the case reports varies markedly, as the length ranges from 1 to 14 pages. As all reviewers of these data have noted, more complete and standardized reporting is needed for the development of quantitative or qualitative conclusions. Nevertheless, the Sazama article should be carefully reviewed by those associated with transfusion medicine. With all of its faults, interpretation of the data sobers us with the frailties of our procedures and leads us to a realization of the need to do better. We can assume that the reporting process has been of value to the FDA. Presumably, a pattern of events alerts the agency to critical problems that need immediate attention. Reports of platelet concentrates contaminated with bacteria led to the shortening of platelet storage h e y 5 and reports of fatal Yersiniu enterocolifica sepsis following blood transfusion quickly alerted readers to a new circumstance. Although many of the reported cases did not result from human error, Sazama's conclusion, "...wherever errors could be made, errors occurred," is a disturbing reality. The complexities associated with the processes from collection to transfusion of a unit of blood have become burdensome. For transfusion services and many blood centers, the manual steps required are extensive. Given the number of repetitive procedures performed, human errors will occur. That any given error will result in an adverse clinical event is often a matter of chance. Adverse events that become associated with a patient's death are a fraction of those that occur, and, although they are important, in a qualitative sense they do not represent an adequate "biopsy" of the total problem. The previous reviewers of these data have focused on the serious hemolytic transfusion reactions. This attention derives from the fact that hemolysis represents the most common cause of such reactions that are theoretically preventable. Several studies detail serious transfusion reactions in a manner that attempts to provide statistical Such studies require the evaluation of large numbers of transfusions over an extended period of time. PinedaM presented such a study in 1978, noting that serious hemolytic transfusion reactions resulting from ABO incompatibility in one institution occurred at a rate of 1 in 30,000 units transfused. I t is no surprise that most such errors are attributed to the transfusionist. The human link in the chain is the link that is the least standardized and the most difficult to control. In Sazama's review, 17 (39%) of 44 such errors resulted from blood being given to the wrong person.. Sazama takes her review a step further, with the claim that those errors are "managerial" in nature, as they result from a failure to put in place proper written procedures and/or training of the persons held responsible for these activities. She emphasizes the need for improved standard operating procedures (SOPs) and better training for those transfusing blood and presents an idealized checklist for transfusion systems. Although no data are presented to support the view that errors resulted from managerial failures, a counterargument is not popular. Most assuredly there is a wide variation of SOPs and training for individuals in the transfusion chain among and within the many hospitals that transfuse blood. I t is easy to conclude that better SOPs and improved training would help resolve problems that are subject to human error. However, the problems and their solutions are not so simple. I t would seem that the frequency of an untoward event as a result of errors is a summation of the frequencies of the errors that occur at each relevant step leading up to the event. Where redundancies in steps exist, the formula becomes more complex, and, as we add more man-


Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) is an important bast fiber crop. To study genetic background of this species, we isolated and characterized microsatellite markers of ramie. A genomic library containing inserts of rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments was constructed, and screened by PCR amplification using anchored simple sequence repeats as primers. A total of 26 clones were identified as positives, and 13 microsatellite loci were found after sequencing. The polymorphism of these 13 microsatellite loci was examined and the utility of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and inter-SSR (ISSR) marker systems for genetic characterization compared using 19 selected ramie cultivars. Both approaches successfully discriminated the 19 cultivars which differed in the amount of polymorphism detected. The level of polymorphism detected by SSR was 95.0%, higher than that by ISSR (72.3%), but the average polymorphism information content (PIC) of ISSR (0.651) was higher than that of SSR (0.441). The higher PIC value of ISSR suggests that ISSR is more efficient for fingerprinting ramie cultivars than SSR markers. However, because the SSR loci are codominant, they are more suitable for determining the homozygosity levels of ramie, constructing linkage map, quantitative trait loci study of complex traits and marker-assisted selection.


The microcellular injection molding technology, commercially offered by Trexel Inc. and other manufacturers, is primarily a close cell foaming technique. This process is capable of offering light weight non-porous thermoplastics moldings. The foaming of thermoplastics with open cellular morphology has got various high end applications among others like tissue engineering and membrane separation. Some of the researchers were successful in synthesis of open cellular thermoplastics at laboratory scale via solid state batch process. The growing demand for microporous thermoplastics, especially the biodegradable plastics (e.g. Polylactic acid), motivated the researchers develop a specialized microcellular injection molding process for processing of open cell thermoplastics using physical blowing agents such as supercritical nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas. A brief of theoretical and conceptual treatment of microcellular injection molding is presented.


Municipal government in the South is no longer the concern of a few as it was not so many years ago.' In an area which has been, and to a considerable extent still is, strongly rural and agrarian in thought and practice, the twin facts of the increase in the number of cities and the concentration of urban population in emerging metropolitan districts have hastened the changes in the pattern of local government. Increasingly the governmental needs of many sections of the South require the attention of city rather than rural government. If an observer of the municipal scene had arranged to space his travels in the early or middle thirties and today, he would be confronted on his second visit with both familiar and changed conditions. He would find, for example, that the answer to the question where the city was going to get the money was as hard and, to municipal councils and administrators, as cruel a question as it had been in the past. Obstacles to municipal fiscal freedom would still be found in state constitutions and statutes. "Economy" and "efficiency" would still be staples of conversation, especially among taxpayers before city councils when additional or increased taxes were being considered, and our observer would notice the familiar sight, as he had earlier, of some of the most vociferous objectors appearing the next day at the city hall and demanding increased municipal expenditures for one of their pet projects. (For one verbal symbol, however, our observer would listen in vain; that ominous word "retrenchment" had disappeared, even if only temporarily, from the municipal lexicon.) If municipal abstinence to achieve survival was the order of the day in the early thirties, however, our observer would find that current municipal revenues and expenditures were


ACLR was done using BPTB graft in 30 years old badminton player (recreational). The time interval between index injury and surgery was 1 month. Patient also had a concomitant tear in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus for which meniscal repair was done. Next day after surgery knee bending (up to 90o), quadriceps strengthening exercises and non-weight bearing walking started. At 6 weeks, cycling, full knee bending and half squats were added to the rehabilitation program.


residues and sugar chain structures. Besides "natural'' IFN-b, local injections of "recombinant'' IFN-b (rIFN-b) are currently used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). rIFN-b has structural variants, 1a and 1b. The differences in these IFN variants are shown in Table 1. rIFN-b sometimes induces local reactions including redness, pain, and occasionally, skin ulcers. Further, it has been reported that s.c. injections of IFN-a used to treat MM can also cause skin ulcers at the injection sites. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying skin ulcers induced by IFN injections remain unclear. Previous published work has indicated that some forms of IFN, including rIFN-b, produced direct vasospastic effects on acral skin. This, in combination with the susceptibility of the amputation wound of the toe to skin necrosis, further aided by the site of the injections, could have contributed to skin ulcer development. We could not find any prior reports either in Japanese or English of skin ulcers following nIFN-b injections. According to Daiichi Sankyo (Tokyo, Japan), 300–400 MM patients begin treatment with nIFN-b yearly. In contrast, official patient data from the past 16 years indicate that some 20 000 MS patients annually began treatment with rIFN-B-1a worldwide. The relative scarcity of nIFN-b use in comparison with rIFN-b use may account for the absence of reports concerning nIFN-b-induced skin ulcers. The present paper may be the first report of skin ulcers following local injections of nIFN-b. However, such cases may in fact have hitherto simply been unreported.


Nuclear material safeguards specialists and instrument developers at US Department of Energy (USDOE) National Laboratories in the United States, sponsored by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of NA-24, have been developing devices to monitor shipments of UF6 cylinders and other radioactive materials , . Tracking devices are being developed that are capable of monitoring shipments of valuable radioactive materials in real time, using the Global Positioning System (GPS). We envision that such devices will be extremely useful, if not essential, for monitoring the shipment of these important cargoes of nuclear material, including highly-enriched uranium (HEU), mixed plutonium/uranium oxide (MOX), spent nuclear fuel, and, potentially, other large radioactive sources. To ensure nuclear material security and safeguards, it is extremely important to track these materials because they contain so-called "direct-use material" which is material that if diverted and processed could potentially be used to develop clandestine nuclear weapons . Large sources could be used for a dirty bomb also known as a radioactive dispersal device (RDD). For that matter, any interdiction by an adversary regardless of intent demands a rapid response. To make the fullest use of such tracking devices, we propose a National Tracking Center. This paper describes whatmore » the attributes of such a center would be and how it could ultimately be the prototype for an International Tracking Center, possibly to be based in Vienna, at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).« less


The present invention relates to methods and compositions for inhibiting the regulation of T cell costimulatory pathway by pathogens. More particularly, the present invention, T cell costimulatory pathway by pyrogenic exotoxins, preferably relates to the inhibition of activation of CD28 / B7 pathway. The method of the present invention, with an immunomodulatory peptide is based on the inhibition of the direct interaction between specific sites dimer in the interface between the superantigen and CD28 family members. The present invention further provides a specific antagonist immunomodulatory peptide comprising an amino acid sequence derived from the dimer interface of a T cell costimulatory pathway member. Alternatively, the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence and specifically amino acid sequence that binds dimer in the interface of a T cell costimulatory pathway member. Method for the treatment of the composition and immune-related diseases comprising said peptide are also provided by the present invention.


An improved version of the well-known Poincaré-Dulac's normal form theorem is first proposed. It is shown that, for a nonlinear vector field, a normal form near a singular point can always be chosen so that the number of nonlinear components is at most equal to the number of Jordan blocks in the normalized leading matrix, thus leading to the "simplest" form in which a formal vector field can be written near a singular point. Within this scope, a generalization to any dimension of an important result on normal forms of nilpotent systems is given. This is the main result of the paper. Mathematics Subject Classification: 34C20


OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of multiple target encodings and initial hand position on visuomotor behaviour during decision making.
BACKGROUND: Decision making is a key component of our everyday life. At any given moment, we are faced with several opportunities and are required to select and perform an appropriate action based on the given choices. To facilitate this decision process, it has been suggested that instead of selecting actions and then specifying their parameters, the visuomotor system actually plans multiple actions in parallel, which then compete for execution. Consistent with this, previous experiments in our lab have shown that when subjects are required to rapidly reach toward multiple potential targets before one is cued for action, they show a "middling behaviour", with the initial trajectory aimed for an averaged location between possible targets.
METHODS: We required participants (28 RH subjects, 19 used for analysis) to perform rapid reaches toward multiple potential targets and manipulated the starting position of the hand in relation to the potential targets using a 32 inch NEC LCD touchscreen monitor. A recording system tracked index finger movements via two infrared emitting diodes.
RESULTS: In contrast to our predictions, we show that the "middling behaviour" we have observed previously can vary depending on initial hand position. Participant trajectories showed a significant bias toward the right side when either the start position or one of the targets was on the contralateral (left) side of the body. That is, when the hand was required to reach across the body, subjects initiated a trajectory that was biased toward the right target location. However, when the hand reached ipsilaterally, we observed the "middling behavior" that was found in our previous experiment.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show how the visuomotor competition between targets evolves in three-dimensional space and that the decision to act is affected by the initial body position. Disclosure: Dr. Khami has nothing to disclose.


$\mathrm{Co}$-doped $\mathrm{ZnO}({\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{O})$ is of potential interest for spintronics due to the prediction of room-temperature ferromagnetism. We have grown epitaxial ${\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{O}$ films on ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(012)$ substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using a liquid precursor delivery system. High concentrations of $\mathrm{Co}(x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.35)$ can be uniformly incorporated into the film without phase segregation. $\mathrm{Co}$ is found to be in the $+2$ oxidation state, independent of $x$, by both surface-sensitive core-level $x$-ray photoemission and bulk-sensitive optical absorption spectroscopies. This material can be grown $n$-type by the deliberate incorporation of oxygen vacancies, but not by inclusion of $\ensuremath{\sim}1$ at. % $\mathrm{Al}$. Semiconducting films remain ferromagnetic up to $350\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. In contrast films without oxygen vacancies are insulating and nonmagnetic, suggesting that exchange interaction is mediated by itinerant carriers. The saturation and remanent magnetization on a per $\mathrm{Co}$ basis was very small $(l0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}∕\mathrm{Co})$, even in the best films. The dependence of saturation magnetization, as measured by optical magnetic circular dichroism, on magnetic field and temperature, agrees with the theoretical Brillouin function, demonstrating that the majority of the $\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{II})$ ions behave as magnetically isolated $S=3∕2$ ions.


Summary .A substantial minority of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) achieve a complete response to treatment with interferon‐α (IFN‐α), defined as the disappearance of Philadelphia chromosome positive metaphases or, for patients who are Philadelphia chromosome negative but BCR‐ABL positive, the disappearance of the leukaemic clone as assayed by Southern blot. We have measured the levels of BCR‐ABL transcripts in 20 such patients by quantitative PCR. Results were standardized for both quality and quantity of cDNA by quantification of ABL as an internal control. All 20 patients had evidence of residual disease; the median number of transcripts was 750/μg RNA (range 10–22 000) and the median BCR‐ABL/ABL ratio was 0–17% (range 0–0008–3–6%). Our findings show that CML has not been eradicated in any patient and that the quantity of residual disease in complete responders may vary by as much as four orders of magnitude.


There have been studies in Comparative Literature in Brazil since the midtwentieth century, when even a handbook in the style of Van Tieghem or Guyard was published by Tasso da Silveira (1964). Comparativism also was already present in the critical and theoretical reflections upon literature since nineteenth-century Romanticism. Nevertheless, the discipline's boom has occurred only since the 1970s, thus coinciding with the transformation that the discipline has undergone internationally, following the long hegemony of the Formalist perspective. At this moment, in which the discipline evolved from a cohesive and unanimous discourse to one that is more


The invention discloses a method for utilizing FCC slurry and coal to co-refine oil. The invention aims to solve the technical problems by providing the method, which is used for co-refining coal and oil by utilizing the FCC slurry and the coal as raw materials, and has high coal concentration and high conversion rates. The method adopts the technical scheme comprising the following steps of smashing and drying raw coal; mixing the dried pulverized coal, slurry oil, a catalyst, a cocatalyst and an additive to prepare oil and coal slurry; carrying out hydrogen cracking reaction through a suspended-bed reactor; separating to obtain heavy components and light components; mixing the heavy components with light components extracted through reduced pressure distillation and the separated light components; carrying out hydrorefining through a hydrorefining reactor; multistage distillation cutting a hydrorefined product into naphtha, diesel and other components. The technology is cross-cutting, meanwhile, the difficult problems of two industries of coal and oil refining are solved, and a platform for organic combination of cleaning coal efficient utilization and inferior FCC oil slurry deep processing is established.


Abstract
 Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Gray, 1846a) is a delphinid commonly called the white-beaked dolphin. A robustly built dolphin with black, white, and gray coloration, it has a whitish beak, a prominent dorsal fin, and a white saddle behind the fin. Endemic to the temperate and subarctic North Atlantic, it is associated with continental shelf habitats. The conservation status of L. albirostris is poorly known. L. albirostris is currently listed as "Least Concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and it is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna.


Our aim was to examine secondary image formation in the anterior segment caused by peripheral light focusing (PLF) in the human cornea, and in particular the crystalline lens. Non‐sequential ray‐tracing (OptiCAD) was applied to an anatomically based human eye model, which incorporates a gradient index crystalline lens. For analysis of the limbal effect, we varied the incident angle from 100 to 122°, while for the crystalline lens effect, the incident angle was varied from 60 to 90°. The corneal shapes studied included central radii from 7.4 to 8.2 mm with a range of shape factors. In each case, we computed the peak and average intensities, and the area of exposure at the limbus or lens periphery. The computation was repeated with a previous model eye for comparison. For the limbal effect, a peak intensity gain of ×22.5 was found at an incident angle of 104° which compares well with previous results. The average intensity gain at this angle was ×7.5 over an area of 0.23 mm2. Steeper corneal curvature produced a greater PLF effect. For the crystalline lens effect, maximum UVA (365 nm) intensity gain peaked at ×8.6 at 84° with average intensity gain of ×2.3. The area of UVA exposure peaked at 4.7 mm2 at 70°. A relatively wide range (30°) of incident angles produced peak PLF gains of ×3 or more in the lens. Significant focusing of light is directed to the nasal limbus, and to a lesser extent to the crystalline lens over a broad range of incident angles. PLF in the nasal cornea is reduced by an order of magnitude when a UV‐blocking soft contact lens is used. The concentration levels and intraocular sites of PLF action on UV and visible light suggest a new mechanism of phakic dysphotopsia and lens phototoxicity.


Background: Nowadays mandibular overdentures retained by mini-implants are used on a wide scale as a substitute for the conventional dental implant supported overdenture thus further studies are required to verify this replacement. Methodology: Fourteen patients were randomly categorized into two equal groups. In the first group (Group I) patients received mandibular overdentures retained by four mini dental implants, while in the second group (Group II) patients received mandibular overdentures retained by two mini dental implants. All patients were scheduled for recall visits and probing depth was recorded at time of loading, six months and twelve months. Patient satisfaction was evaluated after six months of complete prostheses installation. For parametric data, Independent sample t-test was used to compare between two groups in non-related samples. Paired sample t-test was used to compare between two groups in related samples. For non-parametric data, Mann Whitney test was used to compare between two groups in non-related samples. Wilcoxon test was used to compare between two groups in related samples. Results: Regarding probing depth: (Group I) was significantly lower than (Group II) after 6 and 12 months, while in patient satisfaction there was non-significant difference between the two groups in the first group of questions related to (general satisfaction, phonetics and aesthetics while there was significant difference in the second group of questions related to (prosthesis stability and comfort) between the two groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study : 1The mandibular overdenture retained by Four mini-implants is recommended over mandibular overdenture retained by two mini-implants as it showed less bone resorption and improved patient satisfaction .


Scheduling is a crucial factor in engineering, project, and production management (Pinedo, 2012). Huang et al. applied Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to develop a resource constraints scheduling model. ACO is frequently used to solve optimization problems (Chandra Mohan and Baskaran, 2012). In the paper, resource constraints are formulated using mathematical equations and optimized using ACO. International test bank data are then used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, which provides satisfactory performance with reasonable computational times.


Identification and mapping of structural criteria of a region reveals information about the occurrence of ore deposits of igneous and metamorphic origin. Remote Sensing and GIS data helps in detection of such structural features, like faults, lineament, folds, etc. These are important guides for exploration of ore mineral and groundwater. Kadapa district hosts important ore minerals of igneous and metamorphic origin like Barytes, asbestos, gold, galena, steatite etc. Barytes is exploited in the district since a long past. Present study is taken up to prepare structural map along the existing Barytes mines in the district using geospatial techniques like Remote Sensing and GIS, with an intension to identify new Barytes mineralized locations through these structural guides. The structural data of any region provides a quick payback with faster, more accurate mineral identification for gold, silver, diamonds, iron, nickel, copper, uranium, aluminum, Barytes, and also provide rock and mineral relationship in search for ore deposits during exploration. Structural criteria, is an important measure in mineral exploration of certain mineral deposits that are confined by geographic, geological and tectonic features. Mainly the occurrence of ore deposits is dependent on neighboring lithology and structural deformation of the location area. Endogenous mineral deposits like tin, muscovite, lithium, tungsten, gold, beryl, gemstones etc. are associated with intermediate and acid rocks like syenite; granite, granodiorite. etc., and deposits of copper, nickel, cobalt, silver, arsenic and apatite are formed in basic rocks like gabbro, norite, diorite, etc. Due to false nature of ore bodies and their varied controls of mineralization the techniques used for mineral exploration such as remote sensing followed by ground and airborne geophysical surveys, stream sediment, litho-geochemical surveys and core drilling have been used for regional and detailed surveys. The aspect that indicate the mineralisation are known as localizers. If these indicators can be identified on satellite data/imagery then the mineral explorations can be much faster with increased efficiency. Keywords: Multispectral, LISS-III Satellite Imagery, SOI Toposheet remote sensing, GIS Cite this Article Ramachandra M., Raghu Babu K., Pradeep Kumar B. et al. Recognition and Mapping of Structural Guides for Barytes Mineral Exploration in Parts of Kadapa District using Remote Sensing and GIS. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS . 2018; 9(3): 30–36p.


This paper presents hierarchical topic models for integrating sentiment analysis with collaborative filtering. Our goal is to automatically predict future reviews to a given author from previous reviews. For this goal, we focus on differentiating author's preference, while previous sentiment analysis models process these review articles without this difference. Therefore, we propose a Latent Evaluation Topic model (LET) that infer each author's preference by introducing novel latent variables into author and his/her document layer. Because these variables distinguish the variety of words in each article by merging similar word distributions, LET incorporates the difference of writers' preferences into sentiment analysis. Consequently LET can determine the attitude of writers, and predict their reviews based on like-minded writers' reviews in the collaborative filtering approach. Experiments on review articles show that the proposed model can reduce the dimensionality of reviews to the low-dimensional set of these latent variables, and is a significant improvement over standard sentiment analysis models and collaborative filtering algorithms.


A fast digital readout system has been designed for synchronous processing of the current signals delivered by a 64-channel multichannel photomultiplier tube (MCPMT) associated with fast scintillators. This mixed analog digital full custom chip uses a 1.2 /spl mu/m A.M.S. CMOS process.<<ETX>>


Research in virtual reality (VR) is a relatively young field, which has shown considerable growth in recent years, as the development of new interactive technologies has inevitably impacted the more traditional sciences and arts. This is more evident in the case of novel interactive technologies that fascinate the broad public, as has always been the case with virtual reality. The increasing development of VR technologies has matured enough to expand research from the military and scientific visualization realm into more multidisciplinary areas, such as education, art and entertainment. Consequently, virtual reality interfaces interaction techniques and devices have improved greatly in order to provide more natural and obvious modes of interaction and motivational elements. In spite of various concerns and objections regarding the appropriateness and educational efficacy of virtual reality, there remain compelling reasons for believing that virtual environments warrant serious investigation and can provide strong tools for learning. This paper analyses the direction taken regarding the development of user friendly interfaces and natural modes of interaction for users of varied technical competencies in virtual environments.


DURING THE past ten years caseworkers have witnessed a substantial increase in the body of scientific knowledge about the dynamics of human development. They have also experimented with a variety of new casework counseling techniques. Perhaps the main emphasis has been in the direction of treating family groups or two members of the family in joint sessions. This line of development has been based on the assumption that the family plays a key role in the genesis of an individual's difficulties, and a vast amount of study and research has been devoted to the exploration of family treatment techniques through which these difficulties can be overcome. As these new techniques have been developed, however, a tendency has arisen on the part of some workers to underestimate, or even repudiate, the value of individual treatment. In this article, some of the factors to be considered in choosing individual treatment as the preferred therapeutic strategy will be discussed.


Although innovation in the built environment industry occurs more frequently than generally assumed, the industry is not well positioned to face sustainability challenges and increasingly strict regulation. Current practices suffer from fragmented decision-making, scarce incentive to follow up projects outcome, lack of consideration of the involved stakeholders' needs and low interest to design the building as a "whole system". Despite this, relatively few studies reported about how skills, practices and know-how are used to meet the challenges faced by the built environment industry. Starting from the analysis of two cases in Scandinavia, the paper addresses this research gap to identify new professional trends in the built environment industry. A first case study focuses on the role of architects to stress the importance of communication and negotiation in the implementation of a systemic and holistic development project. A second case study describes a networking initiative involving built environment actors, energy professionals and local government aimed at increasing professional competences and promoting energy efficiency renovations in buildings. From this standpoint, the diffusion of innovation in the built environment industry depends on the capacity of actors of transferring knowledge, interacting and communicating with one another. Emerging trends and awareness within building professionals include more attention towards communication, following up, monitoring and actors involvement


The communication between aerial and underwater objects is an important subject being studied by specialist of all over the world.The paper presents a new method to solve this problem with opto-acoustic technology,which combines laser communication channel with acoustic channel.The laser-based transmitter provides a versatile method for generating underwater sound.The acoustic pressure is linearly proportional to the laser power.We built up an experimental measurement system for the opto-acoustic communication,and made experiments for study on the strength,waveform,spectrum characteristics of opto-acoustic signals.We also studied the acoustic wave after optical breakdown in water with Nd:YAG laser pulses.The conclusion is that the opto-acoustic communication can combine the optical channel in the air with the acoustic channel underwater,which has great technical advantages.The opto-acoustic signal can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the laser.


Breast cancer, according to national cancer institute, is the most common site of cancer in women in Egypt as it accounts for about 38.8% of total malignancies among Egyptian females; it is an important cause of mortality among women.

 s: Assess the feasibility of extreme oncoplasty and achievement of negative margins in the enrolled patients. Assess the aesthetic results of the extreme oncoplasty of the enrolled patients.

 This is a prospective cohort study to assess the feasibility of extreme oncoplasty and achievement of negative margins in the enrolled patients and the aesthetic results of the extreme oncoplasty. This study was conducted at Ain-Shams University Hospitals. Approval of the Ethical Committee and written informed consent from all participants was obtained. Extreme oncoplasty techniques was proposed for patients in whom inclusion criteria was met. Diagnosis and staging examinations were carried out according to the standard protocol being conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals.

 We report the oncoplastic outcomes after EO in a single institutional cohort of 20 patients with multifocal/Multicenteric or large tumors (≥50mm).While no major complications were observed after EO procedure, a low rate of minor complications (7.7%) was observed.

 The combination of plastic surgery techniques with breast oncology surgery gives the surgeon a new tool for treatment of breast cancer. The preliminary results of our study indicate that selective patients (with multifocal/Multicenteric or large tumors) who were initially considered for mastectomy can be alternatively treated using Extreme oncoplasty (EO) followed by radiotherapy. EO can be considered as a safe and feasible surgical option for such patients without compromising aesthetic outcomes.


Dr. DeVries and staff with Schroeder and the 4.95 kg power unit that drives his mechanical heart. The Jarvik-7 artificial heart being inserted in the final stages of a permanent heart transplant.


Introduction health insurance is in the fore front of health financing and achievement of universal health coverage for all. It provides a means of coping with some of the risks faced by individuals in achieving optimal healthcare. Women are vital in the family especially when it comes to the health of their children. We therefore set out in this study to assess the healthcare payment method of women in the informal sector and their awareness of the National health insurance scheme (NHIS) in Nigeria. Methods the study was a cross sectional descriptive survey involving women traders who were aged 18 years and above. Three hundred and fifty-three (353) womens were recruited using semi-structured interviewer questionnaire and data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results the prevalence of awareness of NHIS among the women was 57.5% and educational status was contributor to awareness of the scheme. Also, only 9.9% of the women were registered under the NHIS and out of pocket payment for healthcare was practiced by as much as 88.7% of the respondents. Most respondents had poor perception about the scheme with 60% believing that the government cannot be trusted to keep its end of the bargain with regards to the NHIS. Conclusion the need for awareness of the NHIS especially in the informal sector for women is brought to fore. The policy -makers should take into account how women in informal sectors should be captured to enrol in the NHIS in order to expand its coverage and this enrolment should be compulsory.


Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a widespread global phenomenon. Among various factors, a low level of education is considered a significant risk factor for experiencing IPV. This paper evaluates whether a secondary school stipend program introduced in 1994 for rural girls affected the long-term prevalence of IPV in Bangladesh. The study exploits two sources of variation in the intensity of program exposure and geographic eligibility and finds that cohorts of rural women eligible for the program experienced significant declines in IPV. Evidence on mechanisms suggests that the program delayed marriage formation and changed partner quality, namely their education and employment, consistent with positive assortative matching resulting from women's improved educational attainment. There are no significant changes in labor market outcomes, decision making within the household, or women's attitude toward the acceptability of domestic violence. Marital matches present a plausible channel through which the program reduces the risk of IPV.


Today, semiconductors are being connected to other components of the system through three main interconnect technologies - Wirebond, TAB and Solder bump. Of the three technologies, use of solder bump provides the lowest impedance electrical path and a high er I/O density as compared to wirebond and TAB. Wafer bumping is often accompanied by a need for redistribution of the current carrying pads on the silicon in order to reduce the substrate cost and better manufacturing yields, Besides, there is a need to deposit a metallic layer underneath the bump for good reliability of the packaged system. The two widely used processes used for depositing a thin metal film, either for redistribution or UBM are Physical Vapor Deposition and evaporation. These processes are significant contributors to the cost of the bumped wafer. In the packaging industry, there is also a drive for going towards wafers level packaging solutions in order to minimize the packaging cost and giving high production rates.


Abstract This paper provides a user-friendly approach to explain how variation in fundamental price-determining variables 'translates into' variation in the fundamental value of equities, based on the standard dividend-growth model. The analysis is illustrated with UK data using estimates of real interest rate forecasts and real dividend growth rate forecasts in the past. An important application of this approach is that stock market volatility can be analysed in terms of its component parts. Actual market volatility does not appear to be excessive when compared with the notional volatility implied by changes over time in our estimates of forecast real interest rates and forecast real dividend growth rates.


Two cases of Paneth cell adenoma of the stomach are reported and the histological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical features are described. The surgical specimens showed varied pictures of dysplasia with severe atrophic gastritis and Intestinal metaplasia. 60%-70% of the tumor cells contained coarse cytoplasmic granules stained red with eosin or PAS but remained unstained with aician blue pH2. 5 and exhibited positive immunostaining for lysozyme. The nature of these granules was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. In addition, some enldocrine cells were detected in the neoplastic glands. The characteristics of Paneth cell adenoma of the stomach are discussed. There might be a close relation in the histogenesis with intestinal metaplasia suggested.


Background: Multimorbidity brings several difficulties and challenges to the daily work of primary care teams. Team meetings are opportunities to discuss approaches and solutions on how to best manage multimorbid patients. Objective: This qualitative study aimed to collect a consensus, from general practitioners that deal with multimorbid patients, about their perspectives regarding multimorbidity team meetings in primary care. Methods: The study followed a modified Delphi method with 15 Portuguese general practitioners. After every round of responses, results were analyzed, and justifications for non-consensual items were aggregated by the investigators, and then a new Delphi round with the revised questionnaire was again initiated. This process was repeated until consensus has been reached. Results: Overall, a list of 10 key themes associated with the ideal meeting was agreed: (a) definition; (b) setting; (c) duration; (d) frequency; (e) number of participants; (f) attendance; (g) requirement of patient's presence; (h) number of patients/clinical cases; (i) structure of the meeting; and (j) sharing meeting results. The consensus was achieved after two Delphi rounds with a mean score between 7.9 and 8.7 (maximum score of 9.0 per key theme). Conclusion: The complexity of multimorbidity affects meetings' periodicity, duration, and participants. Ideally, it should be an interprofessional primary care team meeting. Further research exploring meeting outcomes (organizational effectiveness and healthcare quality) of the proposed factors is needed before they can be recommended for general use.


An increasing number of suburban concrete bridges are affected by chloride-induced corrosion of their reinforcing steel. Traditional patch repair of the damaged areas of concrete is recognised to be a short-term solution because it does not prevent further damage. Cathodic protection is now widely used to extend the life of such structures by arresting the corrosion in all areas that are at risk, in conjunction with repairing whatever has already been damaged. This paper reviews two similar bridges in the Illawarra, and demonstrates how different environmental and structural conditions affect the design and construction methods required for the repair and protection of each.


The present invention discloses a multi-core processor based on the FPGA chip with the network system of the accelerator, the master unit processor node in which the processor is connected via a first data bus AXI memory BRAM2; sequentially by the processor itself Cache interface, said second data bus connection AXI memory BRAM2, when the first bus is busy or occupied AXI, processed by the processor reads the data of the second AXI bus data in memory BRAM2. The system of the present invention improves the utilization of a processor and various devices, the operation speed, good overall system performance.


This study investigated the potential use of alkali pretreatment of sawdust from Australian timber mills to produce bioethanol. Sawdust was treated using 3–10% w/w NaOH at temperatures of 60, 121, and −20°C. Two pathways of production were trialled to see the impact on the bioethanol potential, enzymatic hydrolysis for glucose production, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production. The maximum yields obtained were at 121°C and −20°C using 7% NaOH, with 29.3% and 30.6% ethanol yields after 0.5 and 24 hr, respectively, these treatments yielded 233% and 137% increase from the 60°C counter parts. A notable trend of increased ethanol yields with increased NaOH concentration was observed for samples treated at 60°C; for example, samples treated using 10% NaOH produced 1.92–2.07 times more than those treated using 3% NaOH. FTIR analysis showed reduction in crystallinity correlating with increased ethanol yields with the largest reduction in crystallinity in the sample treated at −20°C for 24 hr with 7% NaOH.


The {alpha} preformation factor and the penetration probability are carefully analyzed for heavy and superheavy even-even nuclei. The penetration probability of an {alpha} cluster in the parent nucleus is calculated within the WKB approximation, whereas the nuclear potential between an {alpha} cluster and the daughter nucleus is obtained in the frame of a double-folding model with a density-dependent nucleon-nucleon interaction, in which the zero-range exchange term is supplemented. The {alpha} preformation factors in different shell regions are compared. It is shown that shell effects play an important role in {alpha} preformation. The preformation factor can supply information on the nuclear structure, and the penetration probability mainly determines the {alpha}-decay half-life. The results indicate that the deformed-subshell region at N=162 is different from that at N=152, and Z=114 and N=184 may lie in the closed-shell region.


There are several representative manufacturing patterns in manufacturing enterprise. For a specialized manufacturing enterprise, the products are very similar and their PLC characteristics are pretty much the same. The variation trends for similar products are basically the same despite of some unpredictable factors. Then the PLC characters and the corresponding manufacturing patterns of similar products can be stored in a knowledge base for later reference. The character of a new product can be matched with the data stored in the knowledge base, thereby providing a feasible method for the selection of manufacturing patterns for the new product. The practical example testifies the validity of this method


The authors describe a method of applying the cartographic method of research to the study of air and water pollution. More specifically, the paper outlines a program of mapping air, water, and soil pollution in the Donets Basin, which is an integral part of four different stages in the formulation of an environmental protection plan. Emphasis is placed on the visual interpretation of maps depicting the spatial distribution of physical parameters at pollution sources, of concentrations of particular pollutants over the entire study area, and of their direct and cumulative impacts on the environment. Translated from: Geograflya i prirodnyye resursy, 1986, No. 2, pp. 92–94.


After several decades of development, the Chinese wood based panel industry has reached a high level of quality and production. But, simultaneous to this development have come problems. Problems plaguing the wood based panel industry that are addressed in this paper concern trade policy, material supply, product quality and processing techniques. The author appeals to the managers and manufacturers to pay attention to these problems and work toward resolving them.


The development of a bibliographic network to serve the needs of the academic, research, and special libraries in the Arabian Gulf region has long been the dream of professionals in the field. The formulation of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), introduction of automation in libraries, and strong networking capabilities of the DOBIS/LIBIS Library Automated System, hold the promise of shared access to library resources. It is hoped that the recent improvements in telecommunications in the region would further advance the chances of development of a bibliographic network. Introduction of Gulfnet, a computer-to-computer communication link among academic institutions in the Gulf region, should contribute to the development of such a network by facilitating interlibrary loan services. In this venture toward greater regional library cooperation the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) Library can serve as a central node by providing a central database for online cataloging, cooperative acquisition...


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production and deposition of nuclear self-antigen-containing immune complexes. Epigenetic factors, including altered microRNA (miRNA) expression, may contribute to aberrant immune cell function in SLE. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that bind to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs resulting in post-transcriptional gene modulation. IL-6, an inflammatory cytokine overproduced by mesangial cells in SLE, contains a potential binding site for miR-let-7a. In order to examine if alterations in miR-let-7a expression can influence inflammatory mediator production in SLE, we isolated mesangial cell miRNAs from 8 and 32week-old female New Zealand Black/White (NZB/W) mice. We found miR-let-7a expression was significantly increased in the mesangial cells of pre-diseased and actively diseased NZB/W mice compared to age-matched female New Zealand White (NZW) controls. Overexpression of miR-let-7a in vitro increased IL-6 production in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated mesangial cells compared to the stimulated control. Due to the crucial role of miR-let-7a in cell division and inflammation, we investigated miR-let-7a-mediated proliferation and NFκB activation in J774A.1 macrophages and MES 13 mesangial cells in vitro. Cell proliferation, retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation, and NFκB activation were increased in cells transfected with miR-let-7a and stimulated with LPS/IFN-γ. Expression and production of the cell cycle inhibitor E2F5 was decreased in stimulated cells overexpressing miR-let-7a. We found that the cell cycle promoter E2F2 and NFκB target the miR-let-7a promoter. Next we sought to determine alterations in


As more concern arises day by day for the environmental pollution due to pharmaceutical products and their toxic nature, analytical methods require characterizing drug substances and drug product composition during all phases of environmental habitats, mainly in water habitats. A simple, sensitive, and accurate analysis has been developed to estimate esomeprazole in pharmaceutical effluents, which are released from the pharmaceutical industries into the aquatic environment, by using RP-HPLC with UV detection. The developed method is highly reproducible and sensitive to determine the esomeprazole at less than 10 ppm level. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of esomeprazole in effluents or pharmaceutical industry washouts. The separation was achieved on the C18 Gemini NX column (150 mm × 4.6 mm id., 5.0 μm). Detection was carried out using a UV detector at 302 nm. The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was about 10.0 min with esomeprazole eluting at a retention time of about 5.0 min. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and sensitivity.


From summer acoustic emission working group meeting; Richland, Washington, USA (l8 Jul 1973). A procedure was developed and programmed to determine the location of an acoustic emission signal generated on a nonspherical surface, based on the arrival times of the signal at five transducers. The accuracy of this procedure was checked for the special case of a sphere and was found to be far in excess of the discrimination that can probably be achieved by the associated electronics in an actual system. (auth)


Foliar carbon isotope composition (δ~(13)C), long-term water use efficiency (WUE_L), photosynthesis, and stomata of different Populus deltoids clones were studied under different water treatments. The results showed that the differences in WUE_L, δ~(13)C, photosynthesis and stomata among the tested clones were obvious. Under four water treatments, J_2, J_6, J_7, J_8, J_9 were good clones in WUE_L, with higher δ~(13)C, relative higher net photosynthetic rate (P_n), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i),optimal stomatal frequency and stomatal size, higher superior/inferior ratio. The stomatal differences might be a key factor, which leading to P_n and WUE_i differences, and ultimately inducing WUE_L and δ~(13)C differences. WUE_L was positively related to δ~(13)C, and the best performance occurred under well watered treatment.


ABSTRACT Aviation brings great commercial and social benefits and, as the global economy develops, the demand for air transport is expected to grow. However, aviation also contributes to climate change and there is increasing international pressure to limit mean global temperature rise. Therefore, the future success of aviation is likely to depend upon the industry's ability to hold its environmental impact within politically acceptable limits. This paper describes aviation's interaction with climate and sets out, in broad terms, the challenge facing the industry. The prospects for mitigating the adverse effects by advanced technology working through aircraft design and manufacture are assessed and some potential restrictions imposed by airport infrastructure are identified. Some consideration is also given to the practicalities imposed by airline economics and the likely impact of the recent ICAO regulations, plus the proposed global-based market measures scheme for aviation carbon offset. It is argued that the environmental problem is not just about carbon dioxide emissions and that aircraft technology improvement alone is unlikely to provide a complete solution. The observation that, in current operations, the total fuel used is almost twice the minimum required suggests a need to recognise a broader ownership of the problem and broader responsibility for the solution. However, improvements in the overall system efficiency will probably need to be driven by additional regulation and the imposition of other financial measures. The overall conclusion is that the actions currently being taken and currently being proposed are probably not sufficient in themselves to meet the challenge of climate change. However, it appears that there is more that can be done and, provided that action is taken soon, there are some grounds for optimism that aviation will still be able to meet the needs of society in the 21st century.


An epitaxial CoSi2 process is presented, which allows the self-aligned formation of bitlines with only a few tens of nanometer width for Twin Flash memory cells in the 63nm generation. The bitlines show a good thermal stability and low resistance for widths down to 35nm, where polycrystalline CoSi2 is known to exhibit a strong narrow linewidth effect. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed a cube-on-cube epitaxy with only a few twins depending on the annealing conditions. The low bitline resistance results in a linear drain voltage dependence of the programing characteristics and a suppression of secondary electron injection during programing.


To investigate the effects of facial blood flow rates(FBFR) and facial skin temperature(FST) generated by Gagam-Jawoonaek(GJ) application(appl.) after Miso Facial Rejuvenation Acupuncture(MFRA). Ten people in their twenties to fifties with no skin diseases were recruited. We randomly divided subjects two groups(A, B) and set the GJ appl. site(group A ? right side, group B ? left side). MFRA was performed on both sides of their face. Immediately after acupuncture treatment(AT treat.), GJ was applied only half of the face. We measured their FBFR using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging(LDPI) and FST using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) at pre-AT treat., immediately after AT treat., twenty and sixty minutes after GJ appl.. We analyzed data using Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test(p < 0.05). After MFRA treat., FBFR on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after JW appl., the changes of FBFR on GJ appl. side(122.9 ± 43.1 PU) were bigger than GJ non-appl. side(80.9 ± 38.4 PU), a statistically significant decrease. Sixty minutes after application, FBFR on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat. After MFRA treat., FST on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after GJ appl., the changes of FST on GJ appl. side(1.1 ± 0.6 ℃) were comparable to that of GJ non-appl. side(1.2 ± 0.5 ℃). Sixty minutes after application, FST on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat.. Gagam-Jawoonaek could decrease facial blood flow rates.


Systems such as advanced driver assistance systems for automobiles or smart metering systems are summarized under the term Cyber-Physical Systems. They have in common that they are embedded in a physical system and communicate with each other over a shared network. In this work, new approaches to the design of Cyber-Physical Systems are presented. Core of these approaches is the integrated design of the controllers and the communication network. The theoretical results are verified by suitable simulations.


Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a rare benign neuroepithelial tumor. We describe the case of a 50- year-old man, presenting with signs of increased intracranial pressure and cerebellar dysfunction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed a heterogeneous, well-circumscribed cerebellar mass with a predominant adipose content. Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) showed an isointense mass with a hyperintense rim Craniotomy demonstrated a soft, gray mass with intratumoral bright patchy yellow areas. Histological and immunohistochemical findings indicated an advanced neuronal, glial and focal lipomatous differentiation with a low level of mitotic activity.


Both congenital and infantile esotropia are frequently associated with nystagmus. This retrospective study evaluated a relationship between the presence of nystagmus and surgical outcome in children treated for congenital esotropia. The clinical notes of 316 consecutive patients who underwent surgical correction for congenital esotropia between 1985 and 1997 were evaluated. Preoperative clinical characteristics and indications for additional strabismus surgery because of a residual or consecutive deviation were noted. The required minimum follow-up after the initial surgical correction was 12 months. A total of 196 patients met the inclusion criteria; of these, 57 (29%) had latent or manifest nystagmus (group A), and 139 (71%) had no nystagmus (group B). In groups A and B, 31 (54%) and 39 (27 %) children, respectively, required repeat surgery (P =0.096). It is concluded that nystagmus associated with congenital esotropia may increase the risk of additional strabismus surgery for residual or consecutive deviations.


With the scientific progress in cancer biology, pharmacology and biomedical engineering, the nano-biotechnology based imaging probes and therapeutical agents (namely probes/agents) - a form of theranostics - are among the strategic solutions bearing the hope for the cure of cancer. The key feature distinguishing the nanoparticulated probes/agents from their conventional counterparts is their targeting capability. A large surface-to-volume ratio in nanoparticulated probes/agents enables the accommodation of multiple targeting, imaging and therapeutic components to cope with the intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Most nanoparticulated probes/agents are synthesized with low atomic number materials and thus their x-ray attenuation are very similar to biological tissues. However, their microscopic structures are very different, which may result in significant differences in their refractive properties. Recently, the investigation in the x-ray grating-based differential phase contrast (DPC) CT has demonstrated its advantages in differentiating low-atomic materials over the conventional attenuation-based CT. We believe that a synergy of x-ray grating-based DPC CT and nanoparticulated imaging probes and therapeutic agents may play a significant role in extensive preclinical and clinical applications, or even become a modality for molecular imaging. Hence, we propose to image the refractive property of nanoparticulated imaging probes and therapeutical agents using x-ray grating-based DPC CT. In this work, we conduct a preliminary feasibility study with a focus to characterize the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and contrast-detail behavior of the x-ray grating-based DPC CT. The obtained data may be instructive to the architecture design and performance optimization of the x-ray grating-based DPC CT for imaging biomarker-targeted imaging probes and therapeutic agents, and even informative to the translation of preclinical research in theranostics into clinical applications.


The phytosphere is an attractive habitat for microorganisms due to an abundance of nutrients and relative environmental stability. The microorganisms that occupy this habitat assist in the uptake of nutrients from soils and can exert considerable influence upon the overall health of the plant. Recent technical advances in environmental microbiology have enabled the tracing and assessment of these microorganisms using rapid and simple molecular techniques without any culture-dependent bias. We herein review the current status of these modern molecular techniques in the study of plant-associated microbes, and summarize the issues relevant to the phytosphere from the aspect of both basic and applied science.


Objectives: Feeding problems can occur in early-term infants born at 37 weeks. Early-term and full-term infants may benefit from oral motor therapy to attain successful breastfeeding. The present study aims to determine the impact of the 5-minute premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) and the 15-minute oral stimulation program (15-minute oral stimulation program) on 37 to 41 weeks infants in attaining successful breastfeeding. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on early-term and full-term infants in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two hospitals in Mashhad City, Iran. They were randomly divided into two intervention groups (5-minute PIOMI or 15-minute oral stimulation program) and one control group (17 infants in each group). These three groups were then compared to each other after the intervention by pediatricians and speech and language specialists regarding their breastfeeding. All statistical analysis was performed using R software, version 4.0.2, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Infants in both intervention groups attained different levels of breastfeeding compared to pre-intervention. This outcome could be due to our interventions or natural growth and development (P<0.05). However, the longer the infants' oral motor therapy time was, the more likely they were to breastfeed successfully. The 15-minute oral stimulation program group had a significantly higher number of male infants attaining breastfeeding after treatment than the control and PIOMI groups (P=0.03). Discussion: The PIOMI has been confirmed as an effective early intervention for small preterm infants as young as 29 weeks, and the short 5-minute therapy time is accepted in the preterm infant population. The program affects the brain's plasticity and improves neurosensory and motor skill development for feeding. The current study indicates that PIOMI remains effective versus the control group in the full-term babies. However, the longer 15-minute oral stimulation program, is more effective in full-term infants. This finding shows that full-term infants can endure and benefit from longer than 5 minutes per day of oral motor therapy.


The cross section of 191 Ir(n,2n) 190 Ir g+m1 and 191 Ir(n,2n) 190 Ir m2 reactions has been measured at 17.1 and 20.9 MeV neutron energies at the 5.5 MV tandem T11/25 Accelerator Laboratory of NCSR "Demokritos", using the activation method. The neutron beams were produced by means of the 3 H(d,n) 4 He reaction at a flux of the order of 2 × 10 5  n/cm 2 s. The neutron flux has been deduced implementing the 27 Al(n,α) reaction, while the flux variation of the neutron beam was monitored by using a BF3 detector. The 193 Ir(n,2n) 192 Ir reaction cross section has also been determined, taking into account the contribution from the contaminant 191 Ir(n,γ) 192 Ir reaction. The correction method is based on the existing data in ENDF for the contaminant reaction, convoluted with the neutron spectra which have been extensively studied by means of simulations using the NeusDesc and MCNP codes. Statistical model calculations using the code EMPIRE 3.2.2 and taking into account pre-equilibrium emission, have been performed on the data measured in this work as well as on data reported in literature.


Work expectations change in later life, especially for those not expecting to retire. But relatively little is known about factors related to this change. Using data from panel members of the Retirement History Study, job and personal characteristics, economic and health statuses, and selected attitudes in 1971 are related to types of work expectation (expected and unexpected retirees, retirement and work planners, proretirement and prowork switchers) from 1971 to 1975. Job-related, attitudinal, and economic items differ most across the six work-expectation types. But, contrary to many previous studies, health status influences change in work expectations only slightly; only in combination with other variables do health items contribute to explaining why respondents appear in one work-expectation type rather than another.


Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is an idiopathic disorder that has been primarily identified in children but has recently been increasingly recognized in adults. Acute episodes are typically misdiagnosed as gastroenteritis and food poisoning that leads to a three-to-eight year delay in diagnosis. The major challenge for the frontline clinician is to differentiate CVS, a functional disorder without laboratory markers, from the myriad organic causes of vomiting. Better awareness and earlier recognition and treat- ment of CVS will reduce the morbidity, avoid unnecessary investigations and repeated hospitalizations that are estimated to incur $17,035 per patient annually (1). This arti- cle focuses on the clinical features, including differences between adults and children, potential pathophysiologic mechanisms, pertinent exclusionary investigations and specific treatment approaches.


This article presents a case study of the teaching of literacy in one school, and more specifically, to one class of ten and eleven year old children in that school. The study took place after the National Strategy for Literacy, had been removed as a requirement for Primary schools, which in theory would allow those schools to present the teaching of English within whichever methods they deemed to be most appropriate. I relate the influences on curriculum to Cultural Historical Activity Theory that illustrates the constant and evolving practical and perceived influences on the outcomes of curriculum in this particular school. These were found to range from outside moderating influences such as the inspection mechanism operating at the time, Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) and to the teacher's perceptions of the pressures placed on her to achieve specific cohort targets. Dillon's 'Questions of Curriculum' (Dillon, 2009) were used to focus the research findings in order to relate them to specific areas. The findings of the study however, suggested that the influence of the National Strategy for Literacy was still strong, and was still a cornerstone of this particular school's practice. Keywords: English literacy education, Cultural Historical Activity Theory, curriculum development


At studying of references on a problem of application of means of physical rehabilitation at exudative a pleurisy it is noticed, that the medical physical training, medical massage and physiotherapy is expedient for prescription in an initial stage of development pleural adhesion, that considerably raises efficiency of complex treatment of the given category of patients, promotes reduction invalidism, normalization of a functional condition cardiorespiratory systems and to increase in physical working capacity of patients. The influence of methods of physical rehabilitation of a patients with exudative a pleurisy on their organism.


"historic compromise" between West and East in post-Soviet Ukraine is explained by the Russophone East's incorporation into a particular "territorial homeland" which was then pitted against the Russian Federation (RSFSR) in competition for centrally allocated resources. With this observation, he also explains why post-Soviet Ukraine has not fractured along linguistic lines as has been predicted by some during the past decade. Challenging the once popular view that Soviet communism was an expression of Russian nationalism, Spzorluk untangles the relationship between Soviet and Russian identities. Despite the determined efforts of state leaders, he argues, Soviet national identity established shallow roots in Russian society. While official Soviet national identity displayed elements of Russianness, most notably language, it remained distinct from cultural Russian national identity. Instead, a process of "de-Sovietization of Russia" (pp. 243-246) was quietly at work in the postwar period and culminated in the political emergence of Russia during the perestroika years. In the end, Szporluk argues, no Russian-based Soviet identity could sustain the state in the same way as English-based British or Castilian-based Spanish identities have managed to do. On this controversial point, Szporluk does not offer much substantial evidence, but instead directs readers to Yitzak Brudny' s recent work on the subject. Not all scholars, however, will be persuaded that the passivity of ethnic Russians in the elite-conspired events of the Soviet collapse necessarily supports the conclusion that the constructed meaning of "Soviet" was distinct from and alien to that of "Russian." The underlying strength of Szporluk's work is that his analysis is rooted in an intimate knowledge of politics and society in the region where the histories of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states, and Russia converge. For all the scholarly attention directed at Southeastern Europe, this region is equally fascinating in that it possesses the same preconditions for violence (territorial disputes, displaced ethnic minorities and living memories of ethnic cleansing). Yet-unlike Southeastern Europe-Poland, Ukraine, and Russia did not descend into protracted conflict after communism's collapse. This book is an excellent place to begin to understand these varying outcomes. Szporluk suggests that the ambivalent Russian disposition toward Soviet institutions and the ready acceptance by its leaders of the boundary lines of the RSFSR for a new Russian state help to explain why the Soviet collapse did not follow the violent Yugoslav path. Inevitably, in a book of this type, some analytical points and empirical findings have been overtaken by events and more recent research efforts. To his credit, Szporluk refrained from revising the original. On this point, however, the collection would have benefited from a more expansive introductory essay to place the author's work in the context of post-Soviet nationalities discourse. One minor criticism of format: a thematic ordering of the chapters would have been more effective than its chronological structure. The book will be welcomed by those scholars whose interests pertain to Eastern Europe, post-Soviet nationalities, and/or ethnonationalism theory. It is most suitable for graduate-level course work.


A case of double inferior cava is described. The vessels involved in this anomalous system were measured. The probable embryonic origin of this anomaly is considered in the light of some previously described cases with which this case is compared. How this anomaly should be properly described is also addressed. An anatomical marker for the condition is also suggested. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Journal: Canadian Journal of Forest Research Manuscript ID cjfr-2015-0467.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 03-Mar-2016 Complete List of Authors: Strand, Line; Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Environmental Sciences Callesen, Ingeborg; University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management; Dalsgaard, Lise; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, de Wit, Heleen; Norwegian Institute for Water Research Keyword: Forest soil, carbon, soil formation, pedology, boreal forest


This paper describes the composer Isang Yun``s peculiar life, with regard to his complex socio-political environment in South Korea, Germany, and North Korea. In 1967, he was taken to South Korea from Germany forcibly when he had just begun to be active as a composer out there, being convicted of espionage for North Korea. Germany stood up against the legal action of his home country barely managing to bring the imprisoned Yun back to Germany through diplomacy. This trauma affected Isang Yun's life and work significantly, letting him commit himself on the democratization of South Korea and the unification of divided Korea. He tried this politically, morally, and musically with Koreans living abroad and friendly German supporters. Although it was not very successful until and even after death, to learn his endeavors in those years is essential to understand his life and his music.


In selecting the above title for .my paper, .1 would point out that I am not laying. claim to .t~1e dI~covpry of any 11('W method of treating Syphlhs! with the probability of ultimate curl', nor ~o I claim to haY.e evolved a COUl'Sp of treatment which would appreciably hasten that very desir~ble end. As we .all know, or have been tauzht to believe, that there IS no certain cure of that ~thrr ubiquitous and chronic inflammatory disease, tuberculosis, so with syphilis, there is no known royal road to a cure. In this article I wish to state as simply and clearly as possible the rationale of the routine treatment which I have found during the past twelve months to give the best and speediest res~llt~ in treating syphilis in the Australian Army while in a state of war. I shall also endeavour to show that this COlWW of treatment should give as reasonable and hopeful a chance of ultimate cure for the patient as any other methods employed, having regard to the necossarily short period during which th? patients are allow~d to remain in the venereal diseases compounds, In order to secure treatment. According to the most recent ruling from the Director-General of Medical Services, a soldier is only allo~ed to remain in a venereal diseases compound for two months' treatment. If at the expiration of that period the desired result has not been attained, then with the sanction of tho Principal Medical Offic~r of the Military District and the assut-ance of the Senior Medical Officer of the Compound that further treatment mav hr of avail, the patient may remain for another period of two months or part thereof', Further extended periods of treatment are obtainable, but arc only availed 'of in exceptional cases.


This paper analyses the security risks of the internal and external enterprise computer network, points out that the internal internet security of enterprise should focus on prevention which includes a variety of network security technology and the establishment of logging and review system. This paper also discusses the main technology of external internet security prevention such as firewall technology and encryption technology and so on and provides some suggestions about risk management and network security for some small and medium enterprises.


Charged particle optics has traditionally been based on the concept of midplane symmetry. Accelerators, beamlines, and spectrometers are often midplane symmetric in their entirety. Departures from midplane symmetry are usually obtained by rotating midplane symmetric components about a longitudinal axis. Misalignments and magnet imperfections introduce non midplane symmetric components into a beam line. Vertical steering and correction of the effect of errors can be accomplished through the deliberate introduction of midplane symmetry violating components in bending magnets. We have worked out the equations of motion and derived the transfer matrix for bending magnets with small midplane symmetry violating field components. The solutions are linearized in the non midplane symmetric magnetic field components.


/EXPERIMENTAL evidence obtained from many sources -^ indicates that the inorganic fraction of soil may have a marked influence on the properties of the associated organic compounds. Part of this influence may result because of some reaction between clay and these compounds. Clay has pronounced sorptive properties. It is likely that adsorption reactions account for some of the peculiar biological and chemical processes that take place in soil.


There is little consensus amongst economists when it comes to income inequality. This study consists of examining the existing literature and empirical studies and answer the following question: "What are the most important drivers of income inequality and its consequences?†The most prominent literature in the field is analyzed, conclusions are made, and this paper can be a starting point of an empirical study. The findings of this paper suggest that the main drivers of inequality are differences in wages, technological development, wealth concentration, redistribution policies and deregulation of the financial sector.