Reproductive correlates and fitness consequences (survival, recruitment) of variation in the incubation onset of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) were studied across 4 years in a southern European population, where between 36 and 89% of the females started to incubate with the penultimate egg or earlier. Females started to incubate up to 3 days before completing their clutches, this being accompanied by hatching spread. Females who advanced incubation before completing the clutch tended to be in better condition and to lay larger clutches than those that postponed incubation until the clutch was complete. Although laying date had no effect on onset of incubation, the effect of clutch size was much more marked when the influence of laying date on clutch size was controlled. Females who started to incubate earlier fledged more young than females delaying incubation but their higher fledgling success was unrelated to recruitment. Females starting to incubate with the last egg had fewer fledglings but of larger size, higher mass, and in better condition than females who advanced the incubation. Female survival to the next breeding season did not differ between those that started incubation before clutch completion and those that did not do so, but an advanced onset of incubation by females was related to higher mortality of their pair mates. Females that increased the size of the clutch with respect to the previous year tended to incubate their eggs earlier, while those whose clutch size did not change or was lower started incubation at about the same stage they did the year before. This trend was apparently influenced by improvements in body condition. Clutch size may constrain onset of incubation through environmental or genetic correlations, which are likely to be mediated by hormones. It is proposed that, in this population, an early onset of incubation in pied flycatchers does not affect reproductive fitness in most circumstances.


This paper presents our developed general open source for ontology-based information retrieval to answer queries that involve named entities with their ontological features, namely, aliases, classes, and identifiers. We propose a novel approach for semantic search engines that exploit the ontology features of named entities in proximity search and develop an algorithm for computing dynamic distances between named entities and keywords in queries and documents. In particular, it deals with phrase and proximity queries for which the token-based lengths and positions of the queried named entities in a document may vary. The result provides a platform and library for implementing semantic search engines.


Assam one of the North Eastern states of India is gifted with diverse natural resources and inhabited by varied ethnic communities. Dhemaji district of Assam is also not exceptional in this regard. A survey was conducted on zootherapeutics among the traditional healers of Dhemaji district through personal interview from 2016 January to 2017 January in fifteen non tribal inhabited villages among 75 respondents of the age group 50-70years. It was documented that the ethnic people of Dhemaji used a total of 26 species of non conventional food items for their therapeutic value against various ailments including itching, burning, asthma, paralysis, weakness etc. These species include varieties of vertebrate and invertebrate species such as arthropods, molluscs, amphibians, aves, reptiles, pisces and mammals depending on their seasonal availability. The highest no of animal species used for the traditional therapeutics is mammals (29%) followed by pisces (19%), arthropoda and reptiles(15%), aves (13%) and the least are amphibia and mollusca (each comprises only 4% species). The study reveals that the ethnic people of Dhemaji are rich in traditional therapeutics and proper documentation and scientific analysis may lead to new drug discovery and conservation of these valuable faunal species.


This paper is an extract of a paper that will soon appear in Communications in Algebra. The paper investigates the converse to a theorem which states that a differential domain D finitely generated over a field F of characteristic 0 with no nonzero proper differential ideals will have constants of differentiation C only in the field in question. The converse is known to be false but the question of whether the differential domain D can be finitely extended within its quotient field E to a domain with no nonzero proper differential ideals was raised in [M]. The paper about to appear contains two examples one of which contains a fatal error. This extract contains one example to show that the answer to the question posed is no. It is shown to be true under hypotheses which include restrictions on F and limiting the number of generators of D over C to two or the transcendence degree of D over C to one.


e17620 Background: Defining quality care is a particular challenge in older women with EBC given the under representation of these patients in clinical trials. In the absence of level one evidence, population studies may provide important insights for understudied populations and aid in defining quality. We examined the impact of increasing age on a comprehensive panel of systemic therapy focused quality measures (QM) in older women with EBC. Methods: Incident EBC diagnosed 01/06 to 12/10 in Ontario, Canada were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Men, patients younger than 65, or with history of second malignancy were excluded. Multiple administrative databases were linked deterministically to provide comprehensive medical follow up.The outcome was the percentage of patients that met each QM stratified by decade. Results: 11,208 patients were included in analysis. Increasing age was associated with a significantly lower performance in access, effectiveness and timeliness domains (see table). Th...


The influence of Next Nearest Neighbour (NNN) Coulomb-interation on mixed-valence systems has been investigated. We have considered Falicov-Kimball model extended by the NNN Coulomb interaction. Exact diagonalization technique has been used to study the zero and finite temperature properties of the mixed valence compounds. It has been revealed that NNN Coulomb interactions (i) relocates the f-level energy and effects the valence transition,(ii) escalates disorder in the system, (iii) both single peak and double peak structures become prominent in specific heat curves, (iv) raises the growth of antiferromagnetic correlations


Based on the micron level size of microencapsules prepared by in-situ polymerization method with urea formaldehyde resin as wall material,nano-capsules were prepared with urea-formaldehyde resin as shell,sandalwood fragrance as core and Tween 80 as emulsifier.The shell/core ratio,size of emulsified fragrance,solid content were studied as single effect factor.Three factors′ level was ranged by evaluation of particle size and distribution.It shows that,when the system solid content was less than 1%,shell/core ratio was(2-5):1,emulsified fragrance particle size was 50-200 nm,nano-capsules with homogeneous particle size distribution could be obtained.A quadratic polynomial model between the size of UF partials and the three factors was established by using response surface methodology.In addition,R2 value of the model was 0.992 7,while the relative deviation of the verification experiment was within 6%,which shows that the model is of high reliability in predicting size of UF nano-microcapsules.


Previous research has indicated that there are gender differences in the emergence of depression in adolescence, but when do these differences begin? To answer this question, this 10-year prospective study analyzed diagnostic depression data for 1,037 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand between April 1, 1972 and March 31, 1973.

The children were interviewed every other year …


WE SOLICIT ARTICLES and papers presenting surveys, tutorial reviews, or interesting applications of simulation. When submit ting material for publication, you can save us time and greatly help our staff by observing the following guidelines


∆yit = β1∆y ∗ it−1(γ) + θ ′ 1∆x ∗ it(γ) + β2∆y + it−1(γ) + θ ′ 2∆x + it(γ) + ∆uit, (A.2) where ∆yit ≡ yit− yit−1, ∆y∗ it−1(γ) ≡ yit−11(qit ≤ γ)− yit−21(qit−1 ≤ γ), ∆xit(γ) ≡ xit1(qit ≤ γ) − xit−11(qit−1 ≤ γ), ∆y it−1(γ) ≡ yit−11(qit > γ) − yit−21(qit−1 > γ), ∆x+it(γ) ≡ xit1(qit > γ)− xit−11(qit−1 > γ) and ∆uit ≡ uit − uit−1. Again, for t = 2, 3, . . . , T , (A.2) is well defined, but not for ∆yi1 because ∆y ∗ i0(γ) and ∆y i0(γ) are missing, that is yi,−1 is not available. Thus, the mean of ∆yi1 conditional on ∆y∗ i0(γ), ∆x ∗ i1(γ), ∆y + i0(γ) and ∆x + i1(γ) is unknown. Similar to the model without exogenous regressors and using the exogeneity of xit for all t, I assume the process has started from a finite period in the past, namely for given values of yi,−1 such that E(∆yi1|xi) = δ1 + δ′ 2∆xi, where ∆xi = (∆xi1, . . . ,∆xiT ) ′. Note that I take the conditional expectation given all the observables xi. Thus the marginal distribution of ∆yi1 conditional on xi can be written as


The recent development of multimedia content-based retrieval technologies brings great attention of musician retrieval using features of a digital audio data among music information retrieval technologies. But the indexing techniques for music databases have not been studied completely. In this paper, we present a musician retrieval technique for audio features using the space split methods in the time-series pattern index file. We use features of audio to retrieve the musician and a time-series pattern index file to search the candidate musicians. Experimental results show that the time-series pattern index file using the rotational split method is efficient for musician retrievals in the time-series pattern files.


SMITH, ANNE VOEGLER. Simulations of Protein Refolding and Aggregation Using a Novel Intermediate-Resolution Protein Model. (Under the direction of Carol K. Hall.) The objective of this thesis is to study the phenomena of amorphous and ordered protein aggregation. For this work, we developed an intermediate-resolution protein model for use with the discontinuous molecular dynamics algorithm. With this model, we simulated multi-protein systems at a greater level of detail than has previously been possible and probed the energetic and structural characteristics of amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregates. We first developed an intermediate-resolution protein model and tested its ability to produce realistic protein dynamics. Each model residue consists of a threebead backbone and a single-bead side chain. Excluded volume, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions are represented by discontinuous potentials. Results show that the model's backbone motion is limited to realistic regions of φ-ψ conformational space. In a series of simulations on different homopeptides, trends in helicity as a function of residue type are found to be consistent with results from previous studies. In simulations on a four-peptide system designed to produce a four helix bundle, the resulting native structure is consistent with experimental and previous simulation studies. We then studied the competition between model protein refolding and amorphous aggregation for a model four helix bundle. Assembly of the bundle is found to be optimal within a fixed temperature range, with the high-temperature boundary a function of the complexity of the protein (or oligomer) to be folded and the lowtemperature boundary a function of the complexity of the protein's environment. As seen elsewhere, protein folding properties are strongly influenced by the presence of other proteins, and aggregates have substantial levels of native secondary structure. Next we studied the stability, nucleation, and growth of a model fibril aggregate. The stability of the model fibril is the result of inter-peptide hydrophobic interactions, as has been suggested by experimental studies, not of inter-peptide hydrogen bonds. A critical ordered substructure exists that must be present to ensure formation of the fibril. We also suggest, based on the model fibril structure, that the characteristic asymmetry of fibrils may be a direct result of the energetics of the system. Simulations of Protein Refolding and Aggregation Using a Novel Intermediate-Resolution Protein Model


Three subjects performed from 15 to 20 bouts of 10-min bicycle ergometer exercise in a 26 C ambient. The procedure imposed a consistent pattern of internal (esophageal) temperature increase in the presence of a constant mean skin temperature. Body weight loss was continuously recorded and rate of evaporative loss due to sweating was calculated during each minute of exercise. It was confirmed that both local and total sweating are functions of internal temperature at a fixed constant mean skin temperature. In the presence of a constant central drive for sweating, the sweating response could be modified at the periphery according to the area-specific characteristics and/or by local temperature.


Few cities in the world have the appropriate models, tools and skills required to translate broad commitments to urban ecological sustainability into practical policies, programs and projects. Many cities are compelled to act in the absence of rigorous analysis and modelling to provide a better evidence base of how their environments behave at present, let alone following planned interventions. A number of computer-based urban simulation models are being employed to forecast and evaluate land use change (Landis & Zhang, 1998a, 1998b; Batty, et al., 1999; Batty, 2003; Wegener et al., 2002; Benenson & Torrens, 2004, 2005; Waddell, 2000, 2002, 2004 & 2006). These models represent a spatial and dynamic approach that enables planners to view and analyse the future outcomes of current decisions and policies before they are put in action. However, there remain several challenges. Modelling efforts have proceeded separately and disciplinary approaches have not adequately addressed the processes and variables that couple human and ecological systems and there exists a gap between most stakeholders and urban planners and the modellers who develop, operate and interpret these models. In response, this empirical research aims to develop an urban sustainability assessment framework which integrates (1) a process approach in the form of a multidisciplinary participatory process (involving local and expert knowledge) and (2) an analytical approach in the form of a computer-based urban simulation system. To develop this approach to sustainability assessment, we are proposing to adopt a methodology of collaborative design, adaptation and evaluation (an adapted form of action research). To date, the study involved the search for an operational computer based urban simulation system and an appropriate participatory integrated assessment methodology. Hence the Open Platform for Urban Simulation (OPUS) and UrbanSim of Paul Waddell and the Integrated Sustainability Assessment (ISA) process of Rotmans & Weaver (2006) were selected. The following stage of the study will involve the design and development of an urban simulation system prototype. Once a prototype has been developed, the final stage will involve the implementation and evaluation of the urban simulation system in combination with the participatory sustainability assessment process of Rotmans & Weaver (2006), as part of a case study.


During the past 20 years, we have treated 187 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Among these patients, 134 were treated surgically and the remaining 53 were managed non-surgically. We analyzed the long-term results of 47 patients who were treated nonsurgically for AVMs to clarify the natural course of AVMs. The duration of the follow-up ranged from 1 year to 21 years (mean 7 years). In the follow-up period, neurological deterioration was found to be infrequent. As to the incidence of bleeding, there were 9 cases including 6 cases involving rebleeding (bleeding rate 19 %) and 4 cases involving fatel bleeding. The risk of fatal bleeding is high in cases with large and deep-seated lesions. On follow-up angiography, the size of the AVMs were unchanged in the majority of cases, with the exception of 2, in which there were slight regressions. Particularly in another 2 cases a newly formed aneurysm was discovered in the follow-up angiography, emphasizing the fact that serious follow-up angiography is required in cases of nonsurgically treated AVM. Consequently, the bleeding AVM should be treated surgically, even though the long-term follow-up results were not much worse than those of the surgically treated AVMs. The indication for surgery should be determined on careful consideration.


There is provided a method of producing multiple semiconductor components on a substrate, said method comprising the steps of: forming a predetermined relief pattern on a surface of said substrate; and epitaxially depositing a layer formed of a mixture of two or more Group III elements and two or more Group V elements on said surface; wherein said relief pattern results in said layer deposited in a single step forming with a different ratio between said Group V elements within areas having different relief pattern characteristics so as to provide different band gaps within said different areas.


Conventional separation technologies to separate valuable commodities are energy intensive, consuming 15% of the worldwide energy. Mixed-matrix membranes, combining processable polymers and selective adsorbents, offer the potential to deploy adsorbent distinct separation properties into processable matrix. We report the rational design and construction of a highly efficient, mixed-matrix metal-organic framework membrane based on three interlocked criteria: (i) a fluorinated metal-organic framework, AlFFIVE-1-Ni, as a molecular sieve adsorbent that selectively enhances hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide diffusion while excluding methane; (ii) tailoring crystal morphology into nanosheets with maximally exposed (001) facets; and (iii) in-plane alignment of (001) nanosheets in polymer matrix and attainment of [001]-oriented membrane. The membrane demonstrated exceptionally high hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide separation from natural gas under practical working conditions. This approach offers great potential to translate other key adsorbents into processable matrix. Description Mixed-matrix membranes using nanosheets Selective adsorbents can show enhanced separation of components from mixed-gas streams, but these materials can often be difficult to fabricate into large-scale, robust membranes. Datta et al. report the synthesis and characterization of a mixed-matrix membrane. They first describe the synthesis of sheets of the metal organic framework (MOF) material AlFFIVE-1-Ni. By using nanosheets instead of the more commonly synthesized MOF nanoparticles, the authors were able to achieve much better alignment, loading fractions up to 60%, and better polymer-MOF compatibility when embedding the MOF nanosheets into a polymer matrix. These mixed-matrix membranes exhibited improved carbon dioxide and methane selectivity relative to many other comparable ones, as well as the ability to remove hydrogen sulfide. —MSL High loading of metal organic framework materials enables efficient upgrading of natural gas by removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.


Abstract:Veterans are a growing presence on higher education campuses around the country, and as they become more ubiquitous, there is an increasing need to better understand this unique population of students. Veteran critical theory (VCT) addresses the necessity of understanding the student veteran experience by focusing on their narratives and counternarratives while pushing for a generative model of practice and inquiry. We report on data from a study of student veterans' experiences of higher education, with a particular focus on the importance of friendships and camaraderie with other student veterans in their ongoing educational journeys. The project was conducted as a thematic narrative analysis using journey maps and a single interview, which was analyzed using VCT. We found that friendships, camaraderie, and purpose are important factors in the educational journeys of student veterans. We conclude with a discussion of how our findings contribute to the elaboration of VCT.


Details of the differentiation of a global-scale lunar magma ocean (LMO) remain enigmatic, as the Moon is not simply composed of highlands anorthosite and a suite of mare basalts as inferred from early studies. Results from recent orbital missions, and the increasingly detailed study of lunar samples, have revealed a much larger range of lithologies, from relatively MgO-rich and "purest anorthosite" discovered on the lunar far side by the M3 instrument on Chandraayan-1 to more exotic lithologies such as Si-rich domes and spinel-rich clasts distributed globally. To understand this increasingly complex geology, we must understand the initial formation and evolution of the LMO, and the composition of the cumulates this differentiation could have produced. Several attempts at modelling such a crystallization sequence have been made, and have raised as many questions as they have answered. We present results from our ongoing experimental simulations of magma ocean crystallization, investigating two end-member bulk compositions (TWM and LPUM) under fully fractional crystallization conditions. These simulations represent melting of the entire silicate portion of the Moon, as an end-member starting point from which to begin assessing the evolution of the lunar interior and formation of the lunar crust.


&NA; We have observed that serum potassium levels measured immediately before induction of anesthesia ("preinduction K+") are often lower than those measured 1‐3 days preoperatively ("preoperative K+"). The purpose of this investigation was to determine, in two studies, the magnitude of this difference and to elucidate the mechanism by which this occurs. In the first study, preinduction K+ (3.6 ± 0.4 mEq/L, mean ± SD) was significantly lower than K+ levels measured during routine preoperative testing (4.4 ± 0.4 mEq/L, n = 47, P < 0.001). Twenty‐three patients (49%) had preinduction K+ levels that were considered hypokalemic (≤3.5 mEq/L), but 22 of these 23 patients had normal preoperative K+ levels. The second study tested the hypothesis that preinduction decreases in serum K+ are mediated by &bgr;2‐adrenergic receptors. Preinduction K+ changes were determined in patients given a single preoperative dose of propranolol (&bgr;1/&bgr;2‐antagonist), atenolol (&bgr;1‐antagonist), or no &bgr;‐blocker (control). The difference between preoperative and preinduction serum K+ in patients receiving propranolol (0.1 ± 0.4 mEq/L) was significantly attenuated (P < 0.02) compared with the difference in control subjects (0.5 ± 0.4 mEq/L), but was not significantly different from controls in patients pretreated with atenolol (0.3 ± 0.4 mEq/L). These results demonstrate that serum K+ levels measured intraoperatively just before anesthetic induction are consistently and significantly less than those measured 1‐3 days preoperatively. The ability of propranolol but not atenolol to block this change suggests that the acute decrease in K+ levels was due to &bgr;2‐adrenergic receptor stimulation. Therapeutic decisions based on preinduction serum K+ should consider this phenomenon.


LPD method has many advantages such as low-temperature deposition, large deposition area, good film uniformity, and good step coverage. Therefore, we choose the LPD method to deposit zinc titanate (ZnTiO<inf>3</inf>) thin films, using hexafluorotitanium ammonia ((NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>TiF<inf>6</inf>) powder and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf>•6H<inf>2</inf>O) powder to synthesize zinc titanate film. By changing the molar concentration of zinc nitrate and post-deposition annealing, we obtain the best thin film data. When zinc nitrate was 1.3 M molar volume concentration and annealed for one hour using nitrogen as the post-deposition annealing gas, measured electrical properties including oxide capacitance (C<inf>ox</inf>), leakage current Density, k value, equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) effective oxide charge density (Q<inf>EFF</inf>) and interface state density (D<inf>it</inf>) are 50.1 pF, 1.94 × 10-5 A/cm2 at +5 V, 16.95, 48.8 nm, 1.76 × 1011 cm-2, and 6.2 × 1011 cm-2eV-1, respectively. The data reveal that the zinc titanate (ZnTiO<inf>3</inf>) film is successfully deposited on Si and has good electrical properties.


Current medical practice is a reflection of disease patterns and of recent advances in medical knowledge and technology. Gradual or abrupt changes in disease patterns have infl uenced our practices in the cardiothoracic surgical fi elds. These changes can also redistribute human and material resources according to the requirements of the medical fi eld. For example, the decrease in birth rate in Korea is no longer a new topic; the number of newborns in 2005 was approximately 430,000, which was about two-thirds of the 630,000 newborns in 2000. The nationwide decrease in the number of newborns has infl uenced the practices of many medical departments in addition to obstetrics and pediatrics. In cardiothoracic surgery, the decrease in the number of newborns has affected congenital cardiac surgery, so decreases in the surgical volume and number of new positions in congenital cardiac surgery were inevitable. Advances in medical knowledge and technology have also infl uenced medical practice. The drug-eluting stent was introduced several years ago in Korea. Now, it is the most powerful alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery. The increase in the use of drug-eluting stents has slowed the rate of increase of bypass operations in Korea for the past 5 years, as bypass grafting is no longer the only option for treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease. In the fi eld of general thoracic surgery, abrupt changes have not occurred until recently. However, the changes that did occur have continued, and our practices have adapted accordingly. In an earlier period of thoracic surgery, infl ammatory disease was the most common condition encountered by the thoracic surgeon: most frequently, empyema, bronchiectasis, and tuberculosis. Drainage, thoracoplasty, and resection of the infected pleural space and lung parenchyme were major surgical procedures in the late 1800s and early 1900s. However, the introduction of antibiotic therapy in the 1920s and 1930s gradually decreased the prevalence of complicated infl ammatory disease. During the last 50 years, like many other surgical departments, thoracic surgery has changed from surgery for infl ammatory disease to oncologic surgery. In our hospital, the number of general thoracic surgical cases was approximately 200 in the early 1980s. Only 10% of cases were resections for lung cancer, while infl ammatory disease constituted 36%. In recent years, the surgical volume has increased to 1,000 cases annually, and the proportion of lung cancer resections has increased to 36%, whereas infl ammatory disease has decreased to 8%. Changes have also occurred in the profi le of lung cancer. In the early 1980s, squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant cell type and constituted 65% of all lung cancers, while adenocarcinomas accounted for only 18% of the surgical cases in our hospital. Since the start of the new millennium, the proportion of adenocarcinomas vs squamous cell carcinomas has changed to 48% vs 35%. Together with the increase in the number of adenocarcinomas, early lung cancer has become the major indication in lung cancer surgery. The proportion of stage I lung cancers has risen from 29% in the early 1980s to 56% in the 2000s.


The order Raphidioptera, particularly the family Raphidiidae, is a rare insect group from China. In the present paper, Xanthostigma xanthostigma (Schummel, 1832) of Raphidiidae is newly recorded in China. The Chinese species of the genus Xanthostigma are redescribed and illustrated, with updated information of their geographical distributions.


We examine the metric of an isolated self-gravitating abelian-Higgs vortex in dilatonic gravity for arbitrary coupling of the vortex fields to the dilaton. We look for solutions in both massless and massive dilaton gravity. We compare our results to existing metrics for strings in Einstein and Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory. We explore the generalization of Bogomolnyi arguments for our vortices and comment on the effects on test particles.


An accurate wind power forecasting is crucial for day-to-day grid operation. It plays a significant role in decision making for wind power producers playing in the electricity market. Deep learning and gradient boosting decision tree-based algorithms have been proven efficient in feature extraction from the time-series data and provide considerably good forecasting results. Since wind is highly intermittent and significantly varies both temporally and geographically, most algorithms perform well on certain wind datasets and poorly with a different dataset. Seasonal variability also affects the performance of the forecast model. Therefore, it is prudent to use an ensemble model rather than relying on a single model. In this paper, we propose an ensemble forecast model that takes the benefits of four machine learning algorithms, which include Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we applied it to the wind power data taken from an actual wind farm located in Gujarat, India. The results illustrate that the proposed model outperforms the individual models and predicts the wind power for different months with significant accuracy.


Objective: To evaluate the impact of a smoke-free class competition in elementary schools in Québec, Canada before widespread dissemination of the program across the province. Methods: In a quasiexperimental study design, 843 students in 27 schools exposed to "Mission TNT.06" were compared to 1213 students in 57 matched comparison schools. Baseline data were collected in grade 6 prior to implementation of the program. Follow-up data were collected in grade 7 after students had transitioned to secondary school. Results: The program improved knowledge about the harmful effects of second-hand smoke, but had no impact on knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking, attitudes about the acceptability of cigarettes, beliefs about the tobacco industry, or self-efficacy to resist peer pressure to smoke. After exposure to the program, intervention students were more likely to misreport their smoking status and to report unfavourable attitudes about classmates who smoke. Conclusion: Mission TNT.06 may encourage young smokers to misreport their smoking status and to marginalise classmates who smoke. These findings prompted recommendations to conduct more in-depth evaluation of the smoke-free class competition before widespread dissemination of the program across the province.


Abstract Extract A 9-year-old working bitch was presented by a freezing-works shepherd. The bitch had a history of dyspnoea, coughing and difficulty in swallowing.


This study investigates one mechanism through which black/white differences in returns to resources occur through time—job shifts. The results show that whites change jobs more often than blacks, move upward more often than blacks, and compete for higher levels of rewards more often than blacks. Whites are more likely to move within firms and across firms than blacks. However, the results show that whites do not always receive greater returns to resources as determinants of job shifts. Whites do receive greater returns to education in interfirm shifts in prestige than blacks. However, blacks receive equal or greater returns to education and firm-specific resources in intrafirm shifts in prestige and wage than whites.


Noninvasive, non-contact and in vivo monitoring of blood glucose is a long-needed pathology tool for saving patients from the recurring pain and hassle that can accompany conventional blood glucose testing methods. Optical coherence tomography known for its high axial resolution imaging modality is adopted in this article for monitoring glucose levels in tissue-like media, non-invasively. Making use of changes in reduced scattering coefficient due to refractive-index mismatch between the extracellular fluid and the cellular membranes and armed with a theoretical model, we establish a correlation between the glucose concentration and reduced scattering coefficient. The scattering coefficients are extracted from the deconvoluted interference signal using Monte Carlo simulation with valid approximations. A program code using NI LabVIEW™ has been developed for automation of the experiment, data acquisition and analysis.


The new method of diagnosis of the above affections, employed by me since March, 1906, consists in filling the fistula or abscess cavity with a bismuth-vaselin paste and then taking a radiograph of the region affected. Bismuth, as is well known, offers great resistance to the penetration of the x -rays and, therefore, is a suitable material for this class of radiographic work. The shadow obtained by its use represents the true picture of the shape and ramifications of these cavities within the tissues. In some instances the most surprising and unexpected findings are detected in this way. This method of diagnosis is superior to the methods now in vogue, such as the probe, the injection of colored fluids or peroxid of hydrogen. These radiographs have shown why some patients have not been cured even after several operations. They demonstrated the uselessness of an operation which does not remove every


Background : A native Kir channel in a distant relative of vertebrates interacts weakly with PIP 2 Results: Mutagenesis restores the vertebrate channel sensitivity to PIP 2 in sponge channels. Conclusion : A basic residue in the tether helix of Kir is required for high affinity PIP 2 regulation. Significance : Evolution conferred a high affinity interaction of vertebrate Kir channels with PIP 2 which is lacking in a distant relative. ABSTRACT All vertebrate inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir)


Genus Myagrum Linn. (Cruciferae) is reported from Uttar Pradash, Northern India. To facilitate the identification of this Plant in India a description and an illustration is provided.


Properties of typical electrostatic shocks, as determined from 207 observations on high latitude magnetic field lines, are summarized. Seven arguments are presented in support of the view that discrete auroral arcs are produced by electron acceleration inside electrostatic shocks.


As part of the Idaho Supplementation Studies, fisheries crews from the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes have been snorkeling tributaries of the Salmon River to estimate chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) parr abundance; conducting surveys of spawning adult chinook salmon to determine the number of redds constructed and collect carcass information; operating a rotary screw trap on the East Fork Salmon River and West Fork Yankee Fork Salmon River to enumerate and PIT-tag emigrating juvenile chinook salmon; and collecting and PIT-tagging juvenile chinook salmon on tributaries of the Salmon River. The Tribes work in the following six tributaries of the Salmon River: Bear Valley Creek, East Fork Salmon River, Herd Creek, South Fork Salmon River, Valley Creek, and West Fork Yankee Fork Salmon River. Snorkeling was used to obtain parr population estimates for ISS streams from 1992 to 1997. However, using the relatively vigorous methods described in the ISS experimental design to estimate summer chinook parr populations, results on a project-wide basis showed extraordinarily large confidence intervals and coefficients of variation. ISS cooperators modified their sampling design over a few years to reduce the variation around parr population estimates without success. Consequently, in 1998 snorkeling to obtain parr population estimates was discontinued and onlymore » General Parr Monitoring (GPM) sites are snorkeled. The number of redds observed in SBT-ISS streams has continued to decline as determined by five year cycles. Relatively weak strongholds continue to occur in the South Fork Salmon River and Bear Valley Creek. A rotary screw trap was operated on the West Fork Yankee Fork during the spring and fall of 1999 and the spring of 2000 to monitor juvenile chinook migration. A screw trap was also operated on the East Fork of the Salmon River during the spring and fall from 1993 to 1997 and 1999 (fall only) to 2000. Significant supplementation treatments have occurred in the South Fork Salmon River (IDFG). The East Fork Salmon River received supplementation treatments yearly through 1995. There have been no treatments since 1995, and no significant future treatments from local broodstock are conceivable due to extremely poor escapement. The West Fork Yankee Fork received a single presmolt treatment in 1994. Similarly, no significant future treatments are planned for the WFYF due to extremely poor escapement. However, small scale experimental captive rearing and broodstock techniques are currently being tested with populations from the EFSR and WFYF. Captive rearing/broodstock techniques could potentially provide feedback for evaluation of supplementation. The other three SBT-ISS streams are control streams and do not receive hatchery treatments.« less


The present study examined the relative importance of divergent thinking (fluency), intersection of classes and class inclusion skills, along with characteristic degree of playfulness or seriousness, for the comprehension of both metaphor and humor among 7-, 10-, and 13-year-olds. Metaphor and humor Stimuli were selectedso äs to be ofcomparable levels ofdifficulty across the three age levels. A multiple choice task was used to assess degree of comprehension. The results showed that intersection of classes and divergent thinking skills contributed to both metaphor and humor comprehension. Class inclusion skills and the presence of a characteristically serious or playfulframe ofmind were not significantly related to either metaphor or humor comprehension.


The reaction of the anion derived from α-dialkylaminonitriles with acrylonitrile, followed by hydrolysis with aqueous acids or cupric sulfate in 95% ethanol gave γ-ketonitriles in good yields. This procedure is highly convenient for the synthesis of various γ-ketonitriles.


In this paper, results on the solid state reactions of atomic layer deposited Li2CO3 with HfO2 and ZrO2 are reported. An Li2CO3 film was deposited on top of hafnia and zirconia, and the stacks were annealed at various temperatures in air to remove the carbonate and facilitate lithium diffusion into the oxides. It was found that Li+ ions are mobile in hafnia and zirconia at high temperatures, diffusing to the film–substrate interface and forming silicates with the Si substrate during heating. Based on grazing incidence x-ray diffraction experiments, no changes in the oxide phases take place during this process. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images reveal that some surface defects are formed on the transition metal oxide surfaces during lithium diffusion. The authors also show that lithium can diffuse through hafnia and react with a potential lithium-ion battery electrode material TiO2 residing below the HfO2 layer, forming Li2TiO3.In this paper, results on the solid state reactions of atomic layer deposited Li2CO3 with HfO2 and ZrO2 are reported. An Li2CO3 film was deposited on top of hafnia and zirconia, and the stacks were annealed at various temperatures in air to remove the carbonate and facilitate lithium diffusion into the oxides. It was found that Li+ ions are mobile in hafnia and zirconia at high temperatures, diffusing to the film–substrate interface and forming silicates with the Si substrate during heating. Based on grazing incidence x-ray diffraction experiments, no changes in the oxide phases take place during this process. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images reveal that some surface defects are formed on the transition metal oxide surfaces during lithium diffusion. The authors also show that lithium can diffuse through hafnia and react with a potential lithium-ion battery electrode material TiO2 residing below the HfO2 layer, forming Li2TiO3.


The M‐effect (monochromatization‐effect) is a powerful process which can give high intensity monochromatic spectra with a certain wavelength depending on the type of used gas mixtures to generate the plasma state. The effect consists in the emission of a single spectral line emerging from plasma under specific experimental conditions involving one electropositive gas and one electronegative gas mixture. For example, in the case of Ne‐H2 mixture, a clear monochrome radiation was obtained, corresponding to the λNe =585.3 nm wavelength at 2p1‐1s2 transition in the Paschen notation, the pressures ranging between 10‐100 torr.


Combustion tests have been performed on a test rig of 0.2 MW thermal output.The main topics of study were the influence of stalk length,bed material's particle size,mass percentage and fluidizing velocity on mixing uniformity.Results indicate that: ① cotton stalk of length 10~100 mm,especially around 50 mm,can uniformly mix and get fluidized with a bed material of grain size 0.6~1 mm for a weight proportion of 2% and a fluidization number above 3.But uniformity reduces somewhat as soon as the fluidization number exceeds 7.Proportions of cotton stalk to bed material have also a certain influence on mixing.Therefore the fluidizing velocity and the static state bed height should be chosen reasonably when designing fluidizing bed boilers.② It was found that,when firing cotton stalk in fluidizing beds,weak acidic bed materials should be chosen,and normal fluidization of the bed material will not be affected by sintering.


It has been widely recognized that in the case of s tr ng shaking and significant foundation uplifting, the designer can no longer accept the assumption of linear behaviour and is obliged to adopt a nonlinear analysis approach. This observation motiv ates asking to what extent linearity assumption can be retained in presence of foundation uplifting . The problem is confronted via a parametric study of an industrial building inspired from the nuclear industry founded on a mat foundation. The s oil-structure system is parameterized on the basis of four dimensionless parameters reflecting aspect and embedment ratio of the building, rigidity contrast between soil and superstructure and founda tion bearing capacity with respect to building mass. Dimensionless parameters are varied to give r a s to different soil-structure configurations. Ea ch configuration is studied for increasing levels of s eismic intensity using five analysis methods, rangi ng from the simplest one (linear pseudo-static analysi s, denoted LP) up to a complete nonlinear transient analysis (denoted NLT). Three aspects of the response are studied: a) maxim um uplift ratio, b) floor response spectra in positions of interest within the building and c) re sultant force and moment at specific sections of th e structural system. The results highlight the accura y of each method of analysis with respect to NLT (reference result), and allow quantifying aspects s uch as the effect of kinematic interaction, the eff ect of soil plasticity in dissipating uplift potential, the gain in passing from pseudo-static to transien t analysis, the relocation of seismic surcharge withi n e structure when uplift is initiated etc. The results are compiled in a set of guidelines foc using on the range of validity of the examined analysis methods with respect to seismic intensity and uplift potential.


The Rhetoric of antiquity which derived from old tales have emerged to be the pioneer for epic stories. 'Parantha mozhigal adiniminthozhugam' which is one of the rhetoric from 'Thol' and the long series which are meant for Perunkaapiyam creates an epic. Ethics, materials, pleasure and spiritual attainment are the four natural aspects, an epic shows off. The research deals with how the women of the particular epic's age have excelled in their education and bravery. Our country will be developed when every people understands equal rights in the very situation. Recent record proves that the men and women equality at present has risen all over the world than any other time. Calmness, patience, sacrifice, kindness, gratitude, beauty are the feminine quality.


Around the world, groups of workers have occupied their places of work, taking control and re-opening them as worker-managed cooperative businesses, or ERTs. ERTs employ various strategies to keep their occupations alive, but this thesis focuses on one specific strategy, la fabrica abierta, or the open factory. The open factory concept refers to the opening up of the workplace to the community for different cultural, political and educational events. This paper is the manuscript of a speech about the open factory concept given at the SURF conference at UC Berkeley in Summer 2014.


Today know-how company is growing, more are establishing on the market. The employees are becoming a very valuable for the company and are needed for the competition between companies in the field of work, companies therefore desire to keep the employees in the company. Therefore, companies are using so called non-solicitation clause.

In a classical jurisprudence method is the intention to investigate if a non-solicitation clause is necessary for the employer or if the clause lead to restrictions on competition in a negative way. A non- solicitation clause is a prohibition for former employees to recruit former colleagues, who still is an employee at the leavening employees last employer. If this type of clause is necessary for the keeping the business or the business secret. Or if the clause is to far-reaching for the competition between companies on the market or for the purpose of the clausal, also if the clausal has a negative impact on the employees right to flexibility on the labor marked and not to be tide up to one employer.

Furthermore, if other regulation exists which can conduct the intention of the non-solicitation clause, whiteout using the clause, and therefor maybe avoid the restriction on competition, and the effect the non-soliction clause may have on the employees but still reach the same intention.

In the findings: it will be deepening of the factors involving around the clause, if the clause is more fare reaching the necessary or not. If it is not the clause cannot lead restrictions on competition in a negative way.


This paper proposes a robust outliers' elimination scheme for the registration of multimodal retina images. Our proposed constrained affine transformation Least Trimmed Squares (CAT-LTS) method has been designed to deal with image registration problems where the putatively matched feature points has a very large fraction of wrong matches. The constrained affine transformation allows all combinations of transformations such as scaling, rotation, translation and shear but disallows reflection. We use the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature points and Partial Intensity Invariant Feature Descriptors (PIIFD) to obtain the putatively matched feature points. We show that our proposed scheme when applied to the application of registering color fundus to enface optical coherence tomography (OCT) images significantly outperforms other outliers' elimination methods, namely the m-estimator sample and concensus (MSAC) and Random sample consensus (RANSAC) methods.


The purpose of this article is to shed light on the issue of education in the current Brazilian context and how the problems are reflected and refracted in the printed media such as chronicles and cartoons. To discuss language, the responsive and responsible attitudes of its enunciators, as well as the axiological positioning of both, the dialogical theory of language is taken as a reference from the perspective of Bakhtin and the Circle, as well as authors who deal with the verb-visual language. Brait and Dondis. As an investigative object, we selected the chronicle "Tela, cautela, nutella", by Antonio Prata, published in Folha de S. Paulo on 12/09/2020 and three cartoons signed by Caco Galhardo published in Piaui magazine, no 164 of May 2020.


[Objective]To study the relationship of uterine blooding following mifespristone abortion with cell apoptosis,matrix metalloproteiniase and it's inhibitors and the nature killer cells in endometrium(the uNK cells).[Methods]Healthy pregnant women who were termination with gestational age less than 8 weeks were recruited.They chose medical or surgical abortion.They were divided into three groups:surgical abortion by vaccum aspiration group,incomplete abortion mifepristone group and complete abortion mifepristone group.We collected decidua of three groups to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded.The expressions of FasL,MMP-3,TIMP-1 and CD56 were detected with immunohistochemical methods and the results were analyzed by using semi-quantitative image analysis equipment.[Results]In the bleeding area of the drug incomplete abortion group,the expression of FasL was decreased greatly(P﹤0.01);The expression of MMP-9 was increased greatly(P﹤0.01),but the expression of TIMP-1 was decreased greatly(P﹤0.01);The quantity of the uNK cells was increased greatly(P﹤0.01).[Conclusion]In the bleeding area of the drug incomplete abortion group,the non-apoptosis deciduas tissue remains in comb,caused abortion incompletly and bleeding;MMP-3 increased,TIMP-1decreased,and the balance of MMPand TIMPs destroyed,these induced the degeneration of extracelluar matrix,fragility of vessels increasing and bleeding;The quantity of the uNK cells was increased greatly and caused abnormal vascularization,the deprivation of pregnant sac or deciduas and bleeding.


Hotel X is a hotel located in the city of Batam,  the province of the Riau Islands, which is expected to be visited by tourists on holiday  in the city of Batam. As the main means of providing comfort and health to guests, Hotel X should  plan a good clean water supply system in terms of quality, quantity, and continuity. Currently available clean water sources are limited, such that sufficient efforts must be made to recycle clean water. This research  aims to plan water savings at Hotel X using the Green Building concept in the aspect of water conservation. The concept of  this research is to recycling greywater into a second quality water source that can be used for rinsing and sprinkling water. Calculating  of water requirements,  generation of grey water wastewater refers to the Regulation of the 2017 Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation, No. 4, Domestic  Wastewater  Management  System. The greywater recycling process is conducted  using biological and chemical processes. Based on the research use of recycled water research has the potential to conserve water use  amounted to 200.32 m3/ day of total water use of 313 m3/ day or the percentage of water savings of 64%.


A high prevalence of obesity has been increasingly recognized in survivors of pediatric ALL. However, longitudinal patterns of weight change during and after treatment, and associated factors, are less well elucidated.


Illiberalism is invariably associated with right-wing authoritarian or populist movements. Yet at times liberalism itself can take an illiberal turn. This essay explores the historical and philosophical origins of contemporary illiberal liberalism. It suggests that illiberal liberalism was and remains motivated by a powerful anti-democratic impulse that is often expressed as disdain for people's capacity to act with reason.


In these days of individualized precision medicine and "big data" generated by means of next-generation sequencing, there are expectations that new therapeutic strategies for cancer will be quickly conceived and then realized in the clinic. Next-generation sequencing has certainly provided new insights into some cancers, stimulating the study of underlying biologic mechanisms and the development of targeted treatments. But even when whole-genome sequencing reveals that the genetic landscape of a cancer consists largely of known recurrent mutations, the power of data sets from multiple complementary molecular platforms — exome, transcriptome, and microRNA sequencing alongside DNA methylation, DNA copy number, and . . .


Animal Ecology Factors affecting nest survival of greater sage-grouse in northcentral Montana. B. J. Moynahan, M. S. Lindberg, J. J. Rotella, and J. W. Thomas. 2007. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1773–1783. (National Park Service, 3100 National Park Service Rd, Juneau, AK 99801, USA). In an expansive landscape where sage-grouse are abundant, shrub canopy cover (predominantly Wyoming big sagebrush) averaged 10%. Most sage-grouse nests (99%) were under shrubs, and 92% of those were under sagebrush.


Australia has so far escaped much of the havoc caused by the global financial crisis, but it is not immune from the effects of economic ideology, particularly free-market neoliberalism, which typically calls for reduced public spending, balanced budgets, wage and tax cuts, and a smaller role for governments.


It has been of interest to provide solutions to NP-Hard problems making use of DNA computing. These provide "Yes" or "No" answer. In this paper, we make use of "Contextual Insertion" to give a solution to the #P complete version of the Square Tiling Problem which is known to be NP-Hard.


The present invention relates to a novel fusion protein with the formula X-Y, or Y-X, wherein X represents a first immunoregulating polypeptide and Y represents a second immunoregulating polypeptide different from X. The present invention also relates to a nucleic acid molecule encoding such a fusion protein and a vector comprising such a nucleic acid molecule. The present invention also provides infectious viral particles and host cells comprising such a nucleic acid molecule or such a vector as well as a process for producing such infectious viral particles. The present invention also relates to a method for recombinantly producing such a fusion protein. Finally, the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a fusion protein, a nucleic acid molecule, a vector, infectious viral particles and a host cell as well as the therapeutic use thereof.


This Week's Issue Back Issues From the issue dated April 28, 2000 A Top University Wonders Why It Has No Black Freshmen Embarrassed Caltech officials look at their demographics, their competition, and themselves By LEO REISBERG Pasadena, Calif. Kevin Shand's passion for physics formulas and mathematical equations drew him to the California Institute of Technology three years ago. But the color of his skin has often made him homesick for New York City. Mr. Shand, who turned down offers from


Development, and economic growth can not be separated from the role of the banking sector. The banking credit distributionis one of the most common activities of major banks in generating profits. The data used are secondary data from Bank Indonesia. The sample in this study are company banking Foreign Exchange National Private registered in Bank Indonesia in the period 2011-2015. The analytic technique used is multiple linear regression using assist Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 for windows. The results showed that the DPK, LDR, CAR, NPL, and NIM has a significant effect on lending in the company banking Foreign Exchange National Private registered in Bank Indonesia. The variable partial DPK (X1) and LDR (X2) have positive and significant impact on lending, while the CAR (X3), NPL (X4), and NIM (X5) have negative and significant impact on lending.

Key words : Lending of Bank, DPK, LDR, CAR, NPL, and NIM


The iron stirrup and pottery vessel recorded here were found at Rabley Heath, Hertfordshire, in September 1938. Rabley Heath is a heath only in name, for to-day it is divided into fields interspersed with much woodland. It is situated about a mile south of Knebworth and two miles north of Welwyn, at an altitude of less than 600 ft.; the soil is Boulderclay overlying the chalk. To the south-west the land falls to the Mimram valley, and in the opposite direction to the southern end of the Hitchin Gap which cuts through the extension of the Chiltern Hills along the north edge of Hertfordshire.


One year field-plot experiment was conducted on Bureazom to study the changes of soil ammonium,nitrate, biological characters and yields of maize and rice after application of thermoplastic resin coated urea MEISTER. The results showed that application of coated urea MEISTER kept soil ammonium and nitrate steadily in higher levels, and increased maize and rice yields by 5.1 and 15.1%, respectively. When application rate of the coated urea MEISTER was diminished by 20%, maize and rice yields were almost identical with those of urea split application, but those of maize root and leaf and N contents of rice stalk and root were significantly decreased. The coated urea MEISTER combined with dicyandiamide (DCD) didn't further increase maize and rice yields. Moreover, the nitrification inhibition effect of DCD was not steadily.


The infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the solutions of diethylaluminum 2-aminoethoxide (AlEt2OCH2CH2NH2)2 and related compounds were measured. The infrared frequencies and intensities of the NH2 stretching, scissors, and rocking vibration bands, and the NMR internal chemical shifts of the ethyl groups attached to the aluminum atom were compared with the corresponding data of suitable model compounds. It was concluded by taking the results of these experiments into consideration that (AlEt2OCH2CH2NH2)2 was represented by the structural formula I with two Al←NH2 coordination bonds. Similarly, most of the related compounds studied were reasonably represented by the formulas with two Al←NRR′ coordination bonds, while (AlEt2OCH2CH2N(C6H11)2)2 was assumed to be represented by formula III with two Al←O coordination bonds, exceptionally.


Modern business is directed with the profit maximization accompanied by social concerns. This concern has given the birth of the concept - corporate social responsibility (CSR). Though the concept of CSR is not very new in Bangladesh, unfortunately, there is no highly considerable research regarding corporate social reporting of commercial banks in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study is to explore CSR information in private commercial banks (PCB). Regarding this, annual reports of 30 PCBs for 2009 and 2010 are observed to examine CSR information using content analysis. Findings reveal that 36.67% of total CSR issues is related to community development. Most of the CSR information is in qualitative nature. But overall CSR information by selected PCB is going ahead. It is also mentioned that Dutch Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) is reporting significant 60 CSR issues.


Recently we developed a numerical technique for calculating elastothermodynamic damping for a variety of planar problems where the heat conduction may occur in both in-plane directions.Using this technique, we present a numerical solution to a more realistic model of a fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites(MMC):a circular fiber embedded in a square matrix; for brevety, we will refer to it as the square matrix model


may be its repulsion for the philosopher, for the lawyer it is supremely important. It established a canon of legal interpretation as strict as and at some points not very different from that which English lawyers apply to Acts of Parliament. Nearly all the later Sanskrit law writers of importance are saturated in it; and a clear legal exposition of its methods, which Mr. Kane could give us, would make the understanding of their works a great deal easier. We have, of course, Ganganatha Jha's translation of the sutras of Jaimimi; but this does not illustrate the legal workings of the system as Mr. Kane could do.


liver (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.8) and bone metastases (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.6) compared with patients with the luminal cancer subtype. A similar pattern was found for non-basal triple-negative tumors, but they were not associated with fewer liver metastases [24]. Although the basal subtype is typically responsible for the aggressive behavior of TNBC in patients [25], no statistically significant difference was noted between the basal and non-basal biological subtypes regarding survival with brain metastases [26]. (TIMP-1). Furthermore, the crosstalk between microglia and reactive astrocytes contributes to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby facilitating the metastasis of breast cancer to the brain. The p-STAT3+ reactive astrocytes exhibit increased expression of the CD74 ligand, MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor), and increased binding to CD74+ microglia, which upregulate the expression of midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NEGF2), a downstream target of the NF– κ B signaling pathway that promotes the development of brain metastases. All pieces of evidence suggest the significance of the STAT3 pathway during the interplay between the TNBC CSCs and astrocytes contributing to the microenvironment. In a study with 111 tissue samples of breast cancer brain metastases, loss of PTEN protein expression was noted in 48.6% of all samples. Notably, it is significantly associated with the TNBC subtype (67.5%, p = 0.001) [164]. Previous studies have revealed that PTEN inhibition increased the expressions of the stemness and mesenchymal markers, OCT4 and SNAIL in TNBC cell lines [165], suggesting the role of PTEN suppression in CSC maintenance of brain metastasis. In addition, loss of PTEN expression in TNBC cells seemed to be the essential trait acquired from the brain-specific microenvironment, which led to an increased secretion of cytokine chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, chemo-attractant during inflammation) and the recruitment of Iba1+ myeloid cells that enhance tumor cells proliferation and reduce apoptosis [163,166]. PTEN overexpression was evidenced to attenuate the invasiveness and migration of breast cancer cells as well as astrocyte activation [164]. Mechanistically, in the brain-specific microenvironment, reactive astrocytes suppress PTEN expression in TNBC cells with the intercellular transfer of PTEN-targeting microRNA (miR-19a), through exosomes secretion, whereas the blockade of astrocyte exosome secretion rescues PTEN loss and suppresses brain metastasis in vivo [163]. Notably, the PTEN level in TNBC cells is restored after the cells leave the brain microenvironment. All these studies suggest that the critical role of plasticity in PTEN suppression might contribute to the CSC phenotype in brain-adaptive TNBC cells, thereby indicating new opportunities for effective anti-metastatic therapies in BM-TNBC [165,167,168,169].


Abstract Application of the gas-liquid chromatographic method to the analysis of the process of styrene-acrylonitrile radical copolymerization, especially with a monomer mixture rich in styrene, provided evidence for penultimate and antepenultimate effects. Methods are given for the determination of the corresponding reactivity ratios: r A ≈ 0, r AS = 0.55, r ASS = 0.50, r SSS = 0.25


The Polima system of cytoplasmic male sterility (Pol CMS) was widely used for hybrid seed production, but with high probability of occurrence of maternal false hybrid due to the fertility of Polima CMS (Pol CMS) line greatly affected by the ambient temperature, therefore, the detection of maternal false hybrids is the key to purity identification. In present study, the SSR markers were designed based on the flanking sequences of Pol CMS restorer gene Rfp , and application of SSR markers in hybrid seed purity test of rapeseed. The main results were as follows: the sequences of Rfp were subjected to basic local alignment search tool queries against the Brassica rapa genome to determine chromosome positions, and 32 SSR markers were developed based on the upstream and downstream sequences of Rfp . Among the 32 SSR markers, one codominant marker was polymorphic between Pol CMS sterile and restorer line, the PCR product length was 162 bp in Pol CMS sterile lines, and 184 bp in restorer lines. Based on the PCR sequence, two insert fragments (15 bp and 7 bp) were identified in Pol CMS restorer lines. The SSR marker co-segregated with plant fertility of individuals in the "fengyou737" F 2 population. The purity of "fengyou737", "fengyou320" and "fengyou958" were identified by means of PCR-SSR markers and field-planting, and the results of two ways were highly consistent, indicated that the codominant SSR marker tightly linked to Rfp , and the marker can detect paternal and maternal false hybrids. The present findings will provide technical assistance for hybrid seed purity test and genetic diversity analysis in rapeseed.


In November 2002, cases of an atypical pneumonia were reported in the Guangdong province of southern China. By the following June, outbreaks of the illness-known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-had occurred in Germany, Ireland, the United States, Canada,Hong Kong,Singapore, and Vietnam.


Abstract            This study investigates the effect of service quality on consumer loyalty at PT Wahana Senjaya Jakarta Body Paint workshop (Indomobil Nissan Datsun Warung Buncit) by using the intervening variable customer satisfaction. The sample used in the study was 100 customers as respondents. The data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to selected respondents, who were then analyzed using the instrument used in the form of a questionnaire to get primary data for the PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis technique. The results showed that the variable service quality positively and significantly affected the consumer loyalty variable (dependent) either directly or indirectly through the variable customer satisfaction (intervening). Likewise, the consumer satisfaction variable also has a positive and significant effect on consumer loyalty. Excellent service quality will increase customer satisfaction, which becomes the driving force for increased consumer loyalty.


This study uses a sample of 194 banks from 15 EU countries and two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) to provide evidence on the impact of the European Banking Authority (EBA)'s capital exercise on banks' efficiency. In the first stage of the analysis, we measure the efficiency by employing DEA. We then use Tobit regression to investigate the impact of the capital exercise on banks' technical efficiency. We estimate several specifications while controlling for bank-specific attributes and country-level characteristics accounting for macroeconomic conditions, financial development and market structure. The results indicate that EBA's capital exercise came, as a shock for the banks would be contributing towards making the banks more stable. It would be preventing banks from excessive risk-taking activities. Furthermore, it would be allowing the banks to withstand the financial distress and contributing in banks be- coming less prone to the systemic risk. The study finds that the capital requirements would be creating favourable economic conditions, which would be, affect the extent, depth and quality of financial intermediation and banking services.


This article addresses some of the challenges faced by Africana immigrants in China from the perspective of structure and agency. Following a review of the core concepts in the literature is discussion of the structural changes currently evident in China and how these impact on the sense of agency of domestic migrants and foreign immigrants. This is followed by an overview of the literature of Chinese perceptions of race. That structural framework sets the stage for a discussion of the features of the contemporary Africana population in China followed by an explanation of the methodology used and profiles of the subjects. In the results section issues of home, reflexivity, structure and agency, relations with the Chinese, enclaves, race and religion and intimacy are discussed. The tentative conclusion is that for Africana immigrants agency is often enhanced by the deployment of their intellectual skills that are in demand in China but is constrained with regards to the exercise of religion and the pursuit of intimacy. Many Africana immigrants therefore experience an enhanced sense of subject well-being in the areas of cognition and material resource acquisition, impact positively on some aspects of Chinese structure, even while being constrained by other features of that structure.


In defining the guidelines of central governments, regional and local, the participation of civil society has been incorporated as a guiding principle in the construction of development strategies. This initiative involves promoting the participation of people and strengthening civil organizations. To face this challenge it should study the process of formation of civil organizations. The objective of this work is to study the problem of participation from a microeconomic perspective, using the approach of social capital to determine the factors influencing the decision to participate. In order to achieve this objective information of CASEN 2003 was used to estimate a Probit Model. The results show lower levels of participation to the extent that the opportunity costs grow with individual incomes higher, more children at home and higher levels of unemployment. Participation is higher in the older population and level of education, which is related to increased capacity of expression and negotiation. Finally higher levels of participation are observed in the population belongs to some native people, married people, households who have own house and living in rural areas, which is associated with the possibility that social networks are specific communities.


Research on government policy in the agriculture sector in relation to decentralization in Regency of Timor Tengah Utara is an empirical research. This research aims to improve government policies in relation to decentralization, so that local governments do not abuse their authority in issuing the policy especially in the mining policy. This research uses sociological and ecological approach to assist local governments in issuing the policy so that policies can prosper the people. Results from this research are: To design symmetric decentralization to asymmetric decentralization. The design of asymmetric decentralization is used because a uniform decentralized model ignores the fact that the area has a level of maturity, the coverage area, the potential of the area and population that varies between one and the other. Uniform decentralization model also complicate the region in the developing bureaucratic structures. Make the agricultural sector as a mandatory affair of the government of North Central Timor Regency. Local government policy should be based on the study of sociology ecology. ©2017 published by Agrimor.


The invention discloses a wireless intelligent alarming system for automatically monitoring multivariate information of a tunnel. The wireless intelligent alarming system is characterized by being realized by the following steps of: firstly, identifying surrounding rock multivariate parameters based on a differential evolution algorithm and a support vector machine; secondly, predicating a surrounding rock multivariate information time sequence based on the differential evolution algorithm and the support vector machine; and thirdly, carrying out judgment and alarm on the safety of the surrounding rock according to filed monitoring information and an information predication result obtained in the second step. According to the system, the requirements on a field communication cable and the field processing capability are reduced, and thus an acquisition-transmission instrument of a filed part is integrated on a circuit board; a wireless data transmission technology is adopted on site and field monitoring data is comprehensively and smoothly transmitted to a data processing system for an ultra-long distance; and an analytic result alarms through short messages, emails and qq, so that the pertinence, the flexibility and the reliability of alarm are improved. The direct contact between relevant persons and complex and danger surrounding rock field can be avoided and status information of the surrounding rock can be safely and remotely acquired.


There have several means such as amendment、vulgarization or replantation for spreading of The changsheng palace.The works of literator has been added some folk factor during its spreading process.The power of the nature advancenment drive its development while the survival of the fittest became an important rule.The changsheng palace will be the most fantasticest and adaptivest works as if it inherits what is good and innovate at the same time.


Live imaging of cells carrying rearranged chromosomes shows that misplaced heterochromatin is sufficient to induce ectopic cohesion and chromosome stretching during mitosis, and may compromise genetic stability.


We carried out the separation and purification of bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus acidophlus and studied the biological characteristics.The results showed that the bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus acidophlus had thermal stability and better stability in the pH range of 2.0 to 9.0,and still kept the activity after being processed at 120 ℃ for 30 min.The fermented supernant was sensitive to proteases,which showed that the antibacterial substance belonged to proteins;and the fermented supernant had inhibitory effects on Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.We could prepare the crude bacteriocin extract after ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis of the fermented supernant,then purified the crude bacteriocin extract by SephadexG-50 gel chromatography,and determined that the molecular weight of the bacteriocins was about 2 000 by Tricine-SDS-PAGE.


. Tax evasion causes a significant shortfall in revenues from the state budget in the Slovak Republic and the European Union. Therefore, the European Union states are looking for ways to detect tax evasion. The most common tax evasion occurs from value-added tax. It is not possible to eliminate tax evasion, but it is possible to effectively see tax evasion and fight against tax evasion through legislation as well as effective tax control. The article aims to point out illegal tax evasion in the area of value-added tax and to point out the fight against tax evasion. Methods of analysis and comparison were used in the research. The study was carried out based on data from the Financial Administration of the Slovak Republic, where the results of control activities were analyzed with a focus on value-added tax as well as the effectiveness of the control activities of individual tax authorities within the Slovak Republic. I drew attention to the most frequently occurring tax evasions of value-added tax. The continuation of the research will be the analysis of tax evasion in corporate income tax. These research results will be published in the following article.


In this paper we discuss the work we have been doing with Connecting World, a global online platform which brings together children from around the world to engage collaboratively, on different topical issues towards finding workable solutions. The project draws on some aspects of collaborative learning to ensure that a rich virtual learning environment is created for learners. Working closely with teachers in their facilitator role, we assist schools and learners from different countries, backgrounds to share their experiences and tackle difficult questions on Connecting Worlds. In this paper, we share our experiences incorporating South African schools on this platform. Through an open ended questionnaire, teachers evaluated the 2010 edition of Connecting World in South African schools on climate change. The teachers also participated in a focus group discussion. From the findings, issues of time, language and technical problems were prominent. Keywords-Connecting Worlds; Collaborative Learning;


The target of the research is to analyze the impacts of the Bologna Process
implementation on higher education systems in Europe and to compare these impacts in
selected higher education systems of Switzerland and United Kingdom. After a decade of the
Bologna Process implementation, the time has come to analyze and evaluate the impacts
and to formulate recommendations for further developments in the creation of European
Higher Education Area.


ABSTRACT Artifacts made from sinistral (left-handed) whelk shells are commonly found at inland archaeological sites in eastern North America. Past attempts to source the coast of origin of these marine shells based on chemical analyses have provided tentative results. A knowledge of sinistral whelk natural history is essential before attempting shell sourcing studies. The common occurrence of sinistral whelks in the Gulf of Mexico and their uncommon occurrence along both the South Atlantic and Mid-Atlantic bights are documented. Critical biogeographical and morphological information is presented, as well as a new method of sourcing artifacts based on spire-angle measurements. Sinistral whelk artifacts from Spiro, East St. Louis, and Cahokia probably came from the eastern Gulf of Mexico.


Amaq Aber dance at the Traditional Sanggar at Mendana Raya Village has a special uniqueness that makes it worth knowing more about its structure and function. This study focused on the structure of the Amaq Aber Dance seen from the motion of the elements of dance and performance function of Amaq Aber .This type of research used a descriptive type of qualitative method. The subject in this study was AmaqAber dancein the Amaq Aber Village of Mendana Raya , Keruak District, and East Lombok Regency. Data collection technique used in this study was interview, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques used consisted of four stages, namely, data collection (data collection), reduction (data reduction), data display (data presentation), and conclusions drawing / verification (conclusion checker and verification).The results of this study included the Form of AmaqAber Dance which being danced first, called Datu Bajang Dance, consisted of the movement of two dancers as bodyguards and two dancers as rulers. The second part of the dance is called AmaqAkus dance, which was the king's messenger dance with irregular and non-patterned movements. Part three dance is called the Panji Dance, which was a princess, a prince and both bodyguards. Part four dance is called TariPanji as well, but only penguaya dances (princess and prince). The dance function of AmaqAber was as a treatment, repellent and entertainment.


Sink mobility brings new challenges to densely deployed and large wireless sensor network. When the sink moves, frequent location updates from the sink can generate excessive power consumption of sensors. In this paper, we propose OAR, an Optimized Agent-based Routing protocol that provides efficient data delivery to mobile sink. Proposed algorithm reduces signaling overhead and improve degraded route called triangular routing problem. We have evaluated OAR performance through both analysis and simulation experiments. The results show that our scheme effectively supports sink mobility with low overhead and the improvement of triangular routing problem.


Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is present in up to 10% of pregnancies in the United States. The occurrence of GDM causes severe short- and long-term complications for the mother and offspring. baby pre- and post-partum. Identification of the metabolites and potential biomarkers involved in GDM could improve the prediction of its occurence. The integration of food data with metabolite results could provide innovative diet intervention strategies. The objective of this study is to identify metabolites that differed in the first and third trimesters of GDM versus Non-GDM pregnancies.

 Participants were 68 OW/OB pregnant women enrolled in the Healthy Beginnings Trial and completed blood draws at first (10–16 weeks) and third trimester (28–35 weeks).  Participants from the control and dietary intervention group who developed GDM (n = 34; GDM group) were matched on age, BMI, ethnicity, and treatment group with those who did not develop GDM (n = 34; Non-GDM group). Plasma samples were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid triple-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP) using three targeted metabolomics assays for primary metabolomics, aminomics and lipdomics. Dietary intake was estimated using 24 hour recalls in order to assess potential dietary differences between groups.

 A total of 243 metabolites were identified in the plasma samples. At first trimester, several complex lipids, including cholestryl esters and phospholipids, were higher in the GDM group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the purine derivative hypoxanthine was also higher in GDM subjects (P < 0.05). At third trimester, multiple acylcarnitines, associated with utilization of fat for energy, were lower in the GDM group (P < 0.05).

 Metabolite differences between GDM and Non-GDM groups in plasma samples collected during first trimester may predict the development of GDM. Further research is required to identify the roles these metabolite changes play in the development of this disease.

 NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI; HL114377), ARI #58,875, Cal Poly CAFES SURP.


Objective: To study the effect of black garlic water extracts on the blood lipid, antioxidant activity and immune function in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods: 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, the normal control group was given normal diet, the hyperlipidemia model group was given high-fat diet, and the black garlic extracts group was given high fat diet plus black garlic water extracts. After 3 weeks, the blood lipid(TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C)and antioxidant activity(SOD and MDA)in serum and liver, the level of NO in splenocytes were detected. Results: Compared with hyperlipidemia model group, in the black garlic extracts group the concentrations of TG, TC and LDL-C were reduced(P0.05), the concentration of HDL-C was increased(P0.05), the activity of SOD was increased and the MDA activity were reduced(P0.05), the level of NO in splenocytes was increased(P0.05). Conclusion: The black garlic water extracts can regulate blood lipid, improve antioxidant capacity and promote NO secretion by splenocytes.


Traditional treatments for lung adenocarcinomas do not produce impressive improvements in patient health. Newly developed biologically-based treatments exploit sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) conferred by somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) found in certain lung adenocarcinomas. However, almost every patient acquires resistance to TKI treatment, and resistance mechanisms in about 30% of cases remain unclear. In the past, the Pao Lab has characterized multiple mechanisms of acquired resistance using isogenic pairs of drug-sensitive and –resistant EGFR-mutant cell line models as well as correlative human data. To potentially discover novel resistance mechanisms, in this project a new in vitro cell line model of acquired resistance was developed using human lung adenocarcinoma EGFRmutant HCC2279 cells. Preliminary characterization of mechanisms of resistance in these cells was done using mutational profiling, growth inhibition assays, immunoblotting, and light microscopy. Compared to parental cells, the HCC2279 resistant (HCC2279R) cells contained the same lung cancer mutations (exon 19 deletion only), appeared to have an EGFR-independent mechanism of resistance, and were not dependent upon signaling through MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase that shares downstream targets of EGFR that can bypass the need for EGFR in some patients with acquired resistance. HCC2279R cells did display histological and molecular features of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), where cells lose cell-cell junctions and became more aggressive. EMT has been found in some patients with acquired resistance. Thus, HCC2279R cells may be useful in understanding how EGFR-mutant lung cancer becomes resistant to TKIs via EMT.


Aim/purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand possible methods of identifying churn risk in small and medium-sized start-up companies. Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes the case study of a German IT start-up company and its churn risk identification approach. All presented insights are based on the company's internal documentation. Additionally, the author conducted online surveys addressing 50 client teams asking them to assess the occurrence probability of the most common risk. The surveys have been conducted every month (August-November 2017) with 16 middle and upper managers. Findings – Based on the research findings, it has been found out that consideration of customer opinions and estimations is very important to prevent the potential churn and strengthen marketing controlling systems. When a company aims to start tracking potential risks, it is recommendable to focus on small steps and continue adding additional risk factors that need to be tracked. Research implications/limitations – This case study shows that a customized churn risk identification system does not have to be very advanced or sophisticated. The most important aspect of an effective churn risk identification system is its ability to be fully implemented, controlled, and corrected in case of any methodological issues or inconsistencies. However, the core key performance indicators should not be assessed based on the internal input, as self-evaluation approach tends to be very error-prone and subjective. Originality/value/contribution – The research confirms that it is important to introduce risk identification as a holistic process, focusing not only on defining potential risks, but also estimating which risk factors are the most important ones from the strategic point of Churn risk identification as an important aspect of marketing controlling... 171 view. Introducing churn risk KPIs and tracking them on a regular basis contributes to transparency and creativity of strategic and tactical management, enabling managers to identify issues and address them in a proactive manner.


We present 2 cases from our clinic with complications due to unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys: 1 case with arterial hypertension, another case with a renal carcinoma in a multicystic dysplast


Article covers the fundamental social and economic tasks in the area of the insurance market determinants. Insurance market ana lyses were made by using the gross written premiums as endogenous variable. We can say that we confirm the impact of economic growth on the insurance mark et. In the area of demographic determinants, we clearly demonstrate that t he change in the number of employed people in services significantly affect s the insurance market. Institutional determinants and their impact were confirm ed in determinant gross national expenditure.


Abstract This paper uses quantitative and qualitative panel household data, for the period 1992–2009, to model the coping mechanisms of households when faced with crises in Uganda. We find that socio‐economic determinants strongly influence coping mechanisms, with larger sized households being more likely to engage in the reduction of assets, and with households more likely to reduce food consumption when there is a drought and sell assets when faced with floods. Furthermore, being persistently poor and sick appear to result in disproportionately large reductions in assets over time—depleting a households asset base, and future coping mechanisms, of poorer households. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention relates to a method for preparing organosilicon/acrylate double modified aqueous polyurethane, which comprises the following steps: carrying out a reaction on isocyanate, polyhydric alcohol and dimethylolpropionic acid to obtain polyurethane prepolymer I; dropwise adding dimethylolpropionic acid into the polyurethane prepolymer I, and dropwise adding hydroxyethyl methacrylate containing a polymerization inhibitor into the polyurethane prepolymer I, thereby obtaining polyurethane prepolymer II containing double bonds; dropwise adding organosilane into the polyurethane prepolymer II to obtain silane-modified polyurethane; adding triethylamine into the silane-modified polyurethane to carry out salification reaction, adding deionized water, and stirring to obtain organosilicon-modified aqueous polyurethane emulsion; and finally, adding methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate into the organosilicon-modified aqueous polyurethane emulsion to carry out emulsion polymerization, thereby obtaining the organosilicon/acrylate double modified aqueous polyurethane. The method has the advantages of convenient operation and simple technique; and the prepared polyurethane chain segment contains silane and acrylate and has the advantages of favorable water resistance and mechanical properties.


A worksheet to enable undergraduate students to consider the types of questions that markers will consider about their own dissertations


This study examined associations between sociometric status and friendship quality using observational and questionnaire data from 139 fourth-grade girls and their friends. Multivariate analyses of covariance (controlling for ethnicity and socioeconomic status) showed that rejected girls and their friends did not differ in their reported friendship quality compared to average or popular girls. However, coded behavioral observations revealed that compared to other girls, rejected girls displayed more negative affect, bossiness, and deviance but less positive gossip, negative gossip, prosocial behavior, and social competence. Furthermore, as a dyad, compared to other girls, rejected girls and their friends exhibited less behavioral maturity and poorer conflict resolution skills. These results are important in advancing understanding of ways in which rejected girls may perpetuate their problems in peer contexts. [End Page 694]


Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. Etoricoxib is the most recent selective (COX-2) inhibitor that has a higher COX-2 selectivity than the other COX-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which significantly improves its gastric safety profile. The current therapeutic indications of etoricoxib includes the treatment of several painful conditions, such as osteoarthritis, acute gout, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. To the best of found knowledge, no decent method has been reported that can be used for the routine determination of etoricoxib and additives in pharmaceutical suspensions by a single, rapid and cost-effective run of HPLC, using an UV-Vis detector. Earlier reported methods, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), capillary zone electrophoresis, and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), are all tedious and time consuming. A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used as a first reported single run method to achieve developed and validated simultaneous determination for sodium saccharin, vanillin, methyl paraben, etoricoxib, and butyl paraben, in prepared oral suspensions of etoricoxib. Reversed phase column of octadecylsilane (ODS) C18 with isocratic mobile phase containing methanol, and phosphate buffer of pH 6 in a ratio of 70:30 (v/v). Celecoxib is used as an internal standard at a detection wavelength of 215 nm. This method separates the analytes in a total running time less than 13 min. Linearity is obtained in the calibration curve for all analytes with a R2 value of > 0.999. Furthermore, beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were added, either alone or combined, to prevent the crystal formation, and any unpleasant taste of etoricoxib in oral formulations. After testing both HP-β-CD and β-CD at 3% w/w for each, the results showed that HP-β-CD is more efficient in preventing the crystal formation of etoricoxib in suspensions at room temperature than β-CD is.


Essential to any bridge rehabilitation project are its provisions to maintain traffic and community functions during the repair period. Traffic diverted from the span must be accounted for elsewhere in the corridor. A concept that does not allow for both peak and off-peak traffic flow, unimpeded ambulance, police, and fire fighter passage, access to homes and businesses, and the need for residents to sleep at night is not suitable. As a result a structural solution that is completely inappropriate when applied to new construction may be the best or perhaps the only one possible for rehabilitation. The relation between traffic flow, construction staging, and repair methods is so basic and so well established that further elaboration is unnecessary. Four other issues will, therefore, be discussed in this paper, not necessarily in order of their importance. The four are:


a b c Impaired synaptic pruning produces long-range functional connectivity deficits in the mouse brain Alessandro Gozzi, Yang Zhan, Rosa C Paolicelli, Francesco Sforazzini, Alexei Vyssotski, Angelo Bifone, and Cornelius Gross MRI Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences, Rovereto, Trento, Italy, Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy, Roma, Italy, Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland


Aengwanich,W., Sridama, P., Phasuk, Y., Vongpralab, T., Pakdee, P., Katawatin, S. and Simaraks, S. Effects of ascorbic acid on cell mediated, humoral immune response and pathophysiology of white blood cell in broilers under heat stress


As is shown, «bread» is one of the most important concepts in the Anglo-Saxon language culture of the Early Middle Ages. The lingua-semiotic elements of denominating different aspects of this concept functioning have been analyzed. The development of the semeiosis in the domain of bread has been described


This study is aimed at analyzing the anticancer properties of papaya leaf extract, specifically the inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptotic induction through nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and p53 pathways. Twenty-five mice (Mus musculus), aged 2 months and weighing 20–30 g, was injected with 0.5 mg dexamethasone for 7 days. The mice were then injected intracutaneously with 1 ml of HeLa cells (8 × 106 HeLa cells/microliter). The mice were divided into five groups (5 each): negative control (P1) (5% CMC-Na, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), treatment II (225 mg/kg BW (body weight) papaya leaves methanol extract), treatment III (450 mg/kg BW), treatment IV (750 mg/kg BW), and treatment PV (2 mg alcohol anticancer drug). Papaya leaf extract treatments were applied for 2 weeks. Then, the tumor tissue was isolated for hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical imaging was used to detect Ki-67, caspase-3, NF-κB, and p53 expression. Further analysis was undertaken using the ImmunoRatio software program. The results indicated that administration of papaya leaf methanol extract significantly increased the expression of NF-κB and p53 at a dose of 450 mg/kg BW. Our results also showed that the mice treated with 450 mg of papaya leaf extract per kg of BW (P3) had the largest increase of caspase-3 expression compared to the negative control group. Papaya leaf ethanol extract decreased the cancer cell proliferation index and increased apoptosis of cancer cells in animal models of cervical cancer; it may also work to increase NF-kB expression and expression of the p53 gene.


This paper raises the issue of the death penalty for drug-crime actors in Islamic education perspective, especially when the President Joko Widodo refused to pardon the actors at the beginning of his reign. Although the execution was likely contrary to the wishes of human right instigators, but on the other hand, such punishment is one vehicle in providing education to the citizens as well as the efforts to actualize the law enforcement in Indonesia. The implementation of the death sentence does not touch directly the scope of formal education in Indonesia. However, this is where the emerging hope and the search for enlightenment of such punishment is seen from the eyes of Islamic education which has applied the concept of reward and punishment in its system. Thus, through this paper, it is expected that educators can assist in bridging the imposition of a death sentence as an attempt to form good citizens.


Pavement surface condition was parameter used to define quality of road traffic system. In this review pavement surface condition inspected were pavement friction, roughness and rutting. In order to analysis the study considers all previous paper done by researcher in specified and related title. Due to data constraints and other related issues to signify the outcome this review randomly selects forty-five researches paper. As per the examination most researchers argue that affinity of pavement surface condition for the occurrence of road traffic accident was irrelevant in respect to another related factor (Vehicle speed, Road geometry, Wet pavement surface, Pavement edge and etc.). Even though; the impact was insignificant the number of people dies and injured kin with other accident triggering factor was significant. As a result; stakeholder must play substantial role to overcome road traffic accident due to lack of proper maintenance and management of pavement surface condition.


This is an outline of a new joint Lund-Stockholm six-year research program funded by the Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, addressing three themes: (1) transnational actors and the democratization of international institutions, (2) democracy and public-private partnerships in global governance, and (3) the democratic credentials of transnational actors.


Serial plasma oestriol values were measured in nine insulin‐dependent diabetics during pregnancy. While the plasma oestriol values wete lower than those in uncomplicated non‐diabetic pregnancy the curves were of similar shape. It is suggested that serial plasma oestriol determinations in assessing feto‐placental function in diabetic pregnancy should be interpreted with caution.