Short Abstract Is it better to be left- or right-handed? The answer depends on whether the goal is making a handshake or winning a boxing match. The need for coordination favors the handedness of the majority, but being different could also provide an advantage. The same rules could apply to microbial colonies and cancer tumors. Like humans, cells often have handedness (chirality) that reflects the lack of mirror symmetry in their shapes or movement patterns. We find that cells gain a substantial fitness advantage by either increasing the magnitude of their chirality or switching to the opposite handedness. Selection for specific chirality is mediated by the formation of bulges along the colony edge in regions where cells with different chiralities meet. Long Abstract Chirality in shape and motility can evolve rapidly in microbes and cancer cells. To determine how chirality affects cell fitness, we developed a model of chiral growth in compact aggregates such as microbial colonies and solid tumors. Our model recapitulates previous experimental findings and shows that mutant cells can invade by increasing their chirality or switching their handedness. The invasion results either in a takeover or stable coexistence between the mutant and the ancestor depending on their relative chirality. For large chiralities, the coexistence is accompanied by strong intermixing between the cells, while spatial segregation occurs otherwise. We show that the competition within the aggregate is mediated by bulges in regions where the cells with different chiralities meet. The two-way coupling between aggregate shape and natural selection is described by the chiral Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation coupled to the Burgers' equation with multiplicative noise. We solve for the key features of this theory to explain the origin of selection on chirality. Overall, our work suggests that chirality could be an important ecological trait that mediates competition, invasion, and spatial structure in cellular populations.


The classification of Angle malocclusions refers to the anteroposterior position of the first molar, both superior and inferior, if the two molars are in good anteroposterior alignment belongs to Class one; When the first lower molar is positioned posteriorly to the first maxillary first molar is a Class two and finally if the first lower molar is placed anteriorly to the first maxillary molar corresponds to a Class three. Asymmetric malocclusion refers to a different bite for each side of the sagittal plane, so this research aims to identify the molar relationship of the right side and the left side, for this investigation we took intraoral photographs in usual occlusion, in the frontal plane and two lateral with focus on the first molars on each side. Another parameter that was associated with the investigation is the deviation of the midline. The results obtained show that 72 percent of the patients have asymmetric malocclusions, whereas the midline deviation is not associated with an asymmetric malocclusion. In conclusion, the highest prevalence of asymmetric malocclusions is presented by the combination of Class one of Angle with the other two classifications regardless of age and gender.


In order to guarantee the teaching quality of clinical blood transfusion and improve the quality and safety of clinical transfusion, a medical college reformed the teaching of clinical blood transfusion curriculum for students of different specialties. Students of different majors are in different links of clinical blood transfusion in future professional posts, the curriculum was set up according to the requirements of different majors for students' competence. After the curriculum reform, it not only strengthens the students' study of blood transfusion knowledge, but also helps them to be better qualified for the blood transfusion work in the future, and to apply what they have learned in clinical work.

Key words:
Clinical blood transfusion; Curriculum; Competency; Content of curriculum; Discussion


The invention discloses an anti-screen-capture control model and system. The model comprises protected areas, unprotected areas, corresponding non-secret-involved application software and corresponding secret-involved application software, wherein the whole screen can be divided into unprotected areas and protected areas, screen windows corresponding to the non-secret-involved application software are unprotected areas, and screen windows corresponding to the secret-involved application software are protected areas. The system comprises a process protected screen rectangle (PPSR) manager, an anti-screen-capture control agent and a PPSR agent, wherein the PPSR manager is used for managing PPSRs of all secret-involved application software, responding to requests of the anti-screen-capture control agent and calculating a protected area list according to PPSR queues and request parameters which are managed by the PPSR manager, the anti-screen-capture control agent is embedded inside an application program, obtains a function of a video memory through control, requests the PPSR manager for the calculated protected area list and empties the content of protected areas to achieve anti-screen-capture control, and the PPSR agent is embedded inside the secret-involved application software and registers, updates and cancels PPSRs in the PPSR manager.


Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on venous flow and its effect on wound healing in patients with advanced chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Design: This was a prospective nonrandomized cross-sectional study. Setting: Participants were assessed from a group of patients presenting to a vascular clinic at a tertiary care center, in South India. Participants: Thirty-eight patients with the venous ulcers were enrolled in this study. Intervention: MLD was applied by a certified physical therapist to the lower limb following a standard protocol. The patient and the caregiver were also educated on methods of MLD so as to carry on the treatment in a home-based setting. Main Outcome Measurements: Subjective analysis of symptom relief and ulcer healing were analyzed at 1 week and at 6 months. Results: There was a significant improvement in patient symptoms with respect to ulcer healing and reduction of edema. Conclusions: MLD is an important adjunct in the treatment of advanced CVI.


ABSTRACT This study examines the pesticide misuse of Chinese farmers through a survey of farmers in Jiangsu Province, China, and it focuses on the impact of farmers' attitudes and government supervision on their behaviour regarding pesticide application. The results show that pesticide misuse is still very common in China. Twenty-two percent of interviewed farmers use pesticides more than the recommended dosage, and 40% of farmers have the potential to use banned pesticides. Regression analysis shows that farmers' attitudes towards pesticide residues influence their behaviour of pesticide application more significantly than government supervision. In addition, this paper explores the willingness of farmers to take part in the co-governance of agricultural product quality and safety. The results indicate that 29% of Chinese farmers want to be bystanders in the face of illegal agricultural safety behaviours. Farmers' attitudes also affect their willingness to participate in the co-governance of agricultural product quality and safety to some degree. Although the direct impact of government supervision on farmers' behaviour of pesticide use is relatively limited, it can encourage farmers to dissuade others from illegal behaviours.


[Objective] To observe the clinical effect of "XNKQ" acupuncture in treating oculomotor nerve paralyses.[Methods] The 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups.The foundation treatment with the common needling method was used in group A and the foundation treatment with "XNKQ" acupuncture in group B.After two courses of treatment the papillary size,the eye fissure size,the eye movement and the comprehensive curative effect were compared between these two groups.[Results] After treatment the papillary size,the eye fissure size and the eye movement were all significantly improved compared with that of before treatment in each groups(P0.05).The comparison of these three indexes and the comprehensive curative effect revealed that the effects in group B were improved better than that in group A(P0.05).[Conclusion] The clinical effect of "XNKQ" in treating oculomotor nerve paralyses after stroke was superior than that in the common needling method.


Immune‐mediated quantitative and qualitative defects of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) play a vital role in the pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia (AA). Autophagy is closely related to T cell pathophysiology and the destiny of HSPCs, in which autophagy‐related gene 5 (ATG5) is indispensably involved. We hypothesized that genetic variants of ATG5 might contribute to AA. We studied six ATG5 polymorphisms in a Chinese cohort of 176 patients with AA to compare with 157 healthy controls. A markedly decreased risk of AA in the recessive models of rs510432 and rs803360 polymorphisms (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.467 [0.236‐0.924], P = 0.029 for ATG5 rs510432; adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.499 [0.255‐0.975], P = 0.042 for ATG5 rs803360) was observed. Furthermore, the decreased risk was even more pronounced among nonsevere AA compared with healthy controls under recessive models (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.356 [0.141‐0.901], P = 0.029 for ATG5 rs510432; adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.348 [0.138‐0.878], P = 0.025 for ATG5 rs803360; adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.352 [0.139‐0.891], P = 0.027 for ATG5 rs473543). Above all, rs573775 can strongly predict the occurrence of newly onset hematological event in patients with AA. Our results indicate that genetic ATG5 variants contributed to AA, which may facilitate further clarifying the underlying mechanisms of AA and making a patient‐tailored medical decision.


The Tang Dynasty is an important period in the history of the novel,which featured the evolution of the character of women.At the beginning of the period women were very frail.Later they became well shaped and lovely.In the middle of the period,there appeared many fancy women and at the end of the period there appeared many chivalrous women.The reasons for this evolution are as following: the development of the novel itself,the affections of society,and the reflections of the people's state of mind.


The incorporation of L-[U-14C]lysine into the Q and /3 chains of hemoglobin has been compared in acetylphenylhydrazineinduced rabbit reticulocytes and normal and acetylphenylhydrazine-induced rabbit marrow. Evidence for a pool of Q chains and a/3 dimers in both reticulocytes and marrow cells was found in (a) an LY: /3 specific activity ratio of less than 1.0 in purified hemoglobin, (b) the relative losses of a! and /3 chain radioactivity on purification of the hemoglobin, (c) the radioactivity elution profile observed on gel filtration of the ribosome-free hemolysate, and (d) the effects of hemin added to the postincubation hemolysate. However, the data also indicated that the pool of a~ chains is smaller in the marrow cell than in the reticulocyte. In both groups of cells, addition of hemin to the incubation medium was followed by greater synthesis of o( and /3 chains than was observed in the control cells. In addition, in marrow cells it was associated with virtually complete disappearance of the LY chain and a@ pools, as evidenced by an increase in the o(:fl specific activity ratio in purified hemoglobin to almost 1.0 and by the disappearance of the high specific activity minor peak from the gel elution profile. On the basis of pulse labeling and chase experiments it was confirmed that both the pool of 01 chains and a/3 dimers exist as intermediates in the pathway of hemoglobin biosynthesis. However, in the reticulocyte the radioactive CY chain pool could be chased into hemoglobin to only a limited extent, in contrast to the marrow where almost complete transfer of radioactivity into hemoglobin occurred during the chase period. It is suggested that in the developing erythroid cell heme serves to promote hemoglobin synthesis by (a) promoting the synthesis of a! and p chains and (b) promoting the conversion of afi dimers to the hemoglobin tetramer. In addition it also serves to coordinate the synthesis and assembly of 01 and /3 chains.


Based on the dielectric substrate comprises a first composite material and a conductive foil attached to the composite material on the first conductive foil, a composite material comprising a matrix material, a high dielectric constant of high dielectric constant powder particles and parcels powder particles organic polymer materials; high dielectric constant powder particles and an organic polymer material forming a core-shell structure, and the parent material immiscible organic polymer materials; the core-shell structure randomly distributed discretely embedded in the matrix material , the particle diameter of the high dielectric constant powder particles between 0.1um-2um. High dielectric ceramics as a nucleus, an organic polymer film is a housing shell structure, the core-shell structure and the matrix material solution formulated by mixing a solution viscosity of a certain percentage; and then drying and curing the core such that the viscosity of the solution shell structure randomly distributed discretely embedded in the matrix material, the composite material thus formed and the loss of the dielectric substrate based composite material can be reduced by 50%.


The paper presents a new torque control scheme for synchronous reluctance motor drives that does not require any position transducer to synchronize the stator current vector with the rotor position, thus allowing a reliable and low cost realization as required in medium performance electric drives. The proposed torque control scheme is in some way a transposition of the well known direct self control (DSC) scheme for induction motor drives, but it is characterized by some peculiarities fitting the specific requirements of synchronous reluctance motor drives. Such key features make synchronous reluctance motor drives based on the proposed scheme more robust than standard DSC drives while maintaining the same advantageous prerogatives. Experimental tests show the performances of the new control technique.


A new suboptimal method for time-space signal processing in airborne phased array radar is proposed which can significantly reduce the necessary computation compared with other optimal or suboptimal methods. The numerical results obtained from simulation illustrate that this method possesses ideal performance and is a realisable scheme for real-time processing


Hydrogen abstraction reactions of various α-substituted compounds were examined in chlorobenzene using di-t-butyl peroxide. The reactivities are not satisfactorily correlated with σ* values of the substituents. The relative rates of substituted anisoles, N,N-dimethylanilines and phenyl methyl sulfones give good correlations with Hammett σ values with ρ values of −0.39, −0.42 and −0.2 respectively, but those of thioanisoles requires an additional term due to conjugative effect as described in logk⁄k0=−0.11(σ+0.75ΔσR+) in order to get a good Hammett correlation. These results were discussed in terms of a combination of an inductive effect, an electron-releasing and an electron-sharing conjugation.


The goal of this research is to determine the effect of corporate Macroeconomics Factor and  Fundamental Factor on Stock Return of Listed Companies in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) partially or simultaneously . The method of research used is the quantitative approach. The sample of the research is are 20 companies registered in Jakarta Islamic Index that meet the criteria of purposive sampling . The analysis technique used best estimation model by Common Effect Model (CEM) and the result is Y =  3,190398 + 0,0013Inflasi it + 0,0001BiRate it + 0,0341GDP it -    0,1246EPS it + 0,000DER t + 0,1744CR t and R 2 24,24%.  The result of the partial test shows that Inflation and Return On Equity ratio has a significant effect. The result of the simultaneous test shows that the four variables have significant effects in company stock return registered in Jakarta Islamic Index. Keywords: Return Stock, Current Ratio, Return On Equity, Earning Per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, GDP, Bi Rate, Inflation,Jakarta Islamic Index


This is an edited book from an AHRC project (2004-7), containing 12 chapters on themes of memorialization, veterans and sacrifice in different regions of the ex-Habsburg Empire: Croatia, Austria, Slovenia, Galicia, Tyrol, Czech lands, Sudetenland, Hungary etc. The volume also contains a chapter by me (about the Sudeten German sacrifice and its legacy).


We show how an SU(N)M quiver gauge theory can accommodate the standard model with three chiral families and unify all of SU(3)C, SU(2)L and U(1)Y couplings with high accuracy at one unique scale estimated as M ≃ 4 TeV.


ABSTRACT The nature of the optimum controller is investigated for control systems which are subject to saturation. It is shown that for a wide class of performance criteria the optimum controller simply generates an instantaneous non-linear function of the input phase coordinates and of the output phase coordinates. For relay control systems, the optimum controller is characterized by a switching surface in the phase space. For special cases, the dimensions of the phase space can be reduced in number by using error coordinates. These results systematize and generalize several known results, and explain the starting points of some recent abstract papers.


Abstract Assessing clinical competence in medical professionals typically involves both work-based assessment and simulated clinical examinations. Student veterinary nurses are assessed through the Nursing Progress Log during placement, then by means of practical examinations – objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). Time-constrained scenario-based practical examinations (TSPEs) are adapted from traditional OSCEs, including assessment of similar practical skills, but by means of a single patient scenario. This article introduces the theory behind using TSPEs and covers practical considerations for course teams considering adopting this assessment style.


An isotropic sheet stiffened by means of an orthotropic quarter-plate is considered. The quarter-plate is assumed to be perfectly bonded to the metal sheet everywhere except an area of debonding which may develop due to high stress concentrations. The adhesive which has a small constant thickness is treated as a shear spring. The loads are applied at infinity and supposed to be transmitted through the metal plate. Shear stress distribution between the two plates was obtained from the continuity of displacements along an area where they were bonded to each other.


Nanoscale vertical interconnect structures (vias) made from chemical vapor deposited carbon have been investigated. The vias and wires were created by pyrolytic carbon deposition from acetylene at 950 °C followed by electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. The carbon layer exhibits a resistivity of 4.5 mΩ cm in vias and wires which decreases to 1.5 mΩ cm after annealing at 1000 °C. The resistivity does not show any size effect in the vias, as it is independent of the diameter from 85 nm down to 24 nm. The maximum current density in long carbon wires was found to be 6×106 A cm−2, increasing to 3.5×108 A cm−2 for short vias.


Abstract Gamma irradiation of coumarin in aqueous solution gives fluorescent products proportional to radiation dose. Our earlier results showed that hydroxyl radical is mainly responsible for this effect. Fast neutron irradiation gave similar results but with a dose response of 0.4 relative to that of gamma dose response. This report gives the effect of adding boric acid to coumarin and irradiating with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor. The relative response to the high LET alphas and 7Li recoils from 10B(n, α)7Li reaction, is found to be approximately 8% as compared to gamma rays. This value is compatible with the G OH value for these heavy charged particles as compared to G OH of gamma rays in neutral aqueous solution.


The Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH) as the world's largest and most authori-tative Medical Simulation Education Association, accept the application for certification in 4 fields, includ-ing assessment, research, education and system integration. This paper introduces the core standards that need to be followed in applying for certification, and the respective standards of the above 4 fields. Further-more, in order to promote the development of medical simulation education in China, this paper points out the possible problems that may be faced in the future.

Key words:
The Society for Simulation in Healthcare; Certification; Standard


We describe a self-organizing framework for content-based retrieval of images from large image databases. The SHOSLIF (Self-organizing Hierarchical Optimal Subspace Learning and Inference Framework) system uses the theories of optimal linear projection for automatic optimal feature selection and a hierarchical image database organization to achieve a logarithmic retrieval complexity. We use incremental learning for large-scale and open-ended learning problems, we and allow for perturbations in the size and position of objects in the images through learning. We demonstrate the query technique on a large database of widely varying real-world objects in natural settings, and show the applicability of the approach even for large variability within a particular object class, including 3D rotation.


A transistor, an IC(Integrated Circuit) line, and a forming method thereof are provided to improve a current driving capability and a current transferring capability and to simplify semiconductor manufacturing processes. A transistor includes a semiconductor substrate(3) with first and second active regions(6,9), a buried gate, a gate pattern, a gate insulating layer, a gate isolation pattern, and a gate spacer. The buried gate(29) is arranged in the substrate. The buried gate is located at a selected portion of the first active region. The buried gate is prolonged downward from an upper surface of the substrate. The gate pattern(39) is formed on the substrate. The gate pattern is prolonged upward from the upper surface of the substrate. The gate insulating layer(23) is arranged on the first and the second regions. The gate insulating layer encloses the buried gate. The gate insulating layer is interposed between the gate pattern and the substrate. The gate isolation pattern is formed on the buried gate. The gate isolation pattern has substantially the same upper surface as that of the gate insulating layer. The gate spacer(46) is formed at both sidewalls of the gate pattern. The gate pattern is composed of a gate electrode(35) and a gate mask pattern(37).


A scattering parameter circumferential distribution chart was employed to present the 2D scattering characteristics of defects.The FE model of a Lamb wave interaction with defects was investigated.A dual-element exciting method was used to produce a pure S0 mode as incident wave.An absorbing boundary was used to eliminate the wave reflection of a border.Scattering signals in all the directions were acquired and post-processed so that a scattering parameter circumferential distribution chart could be plotted.This FE model was validated experimentally and a good agreement was obtained between FE and experimental results.The interaction of an S0 mode with a trough-thickness hole and a crack was studied and scattering parameter distribution charts with 0 degree incident were measured.The charts could be used to characterizing the kinds of defects.The energy distribution of multi scattering modes also was studied.The results show that the single mode exciting and multi-modes receiving could avoid undetected defects.


This extensive text is a new addition to a small group of noted pediatric ophthalmology texts. Drs. Traboulsi and Utz have edited a book that is worthy of this group. However, the editors make it clear that they did not intend the 800-page work to be comprehensive. Rather, their goal was a useful teaching and management tool with "cases, diagrams, and tables." There is little hint of controversy or debate here and what is presented must be accepted as management guidance without exhaustive data. It is organized as a classic edited text with two authors/editors and many contributors. A few of the chapter authors are recognized authorities, e.g., Freedman, Goldstein, Wilson, and there are a number


Introduction The airspace of intensive piggery buildings is filled with a mixture of airborne bacteria, bacterial products and other pollutants such as particles and gases (Wathes et al. 1983). Different microorganisms are readily generated within animal buildings and after the death of gramnegative bacteria endotoxins are released. Previous publications revealed that significant amounts of airborne bacteria and endotoxin can be found in the airspace of piggery buildings (Seedorf et al. 1998). Piggery managers, scientists and building engineers are concerned with sub-optimal air quality, as high airborne bacteria and endotoxin concentrations could potentially affect the external environment, production efficiency, human and animal health/welfare. Different management, environmental and housing factors have been demonstrated in separate studies to influence the concentrations of different pollutants within piggery buildings (Attwood et al. 1987). However, these factors have not been evaluated simultaneously and very few studies have attempted to explain the variation observed in concentrations. Therefore, a comprehensive study of air quality in piggery buildings was designed to determine the key piggery design and management factors that affect the internal concentrations of respirable endotoxin and airborne bacteria in piggery buildings.


Focusing on Covisint, the article describes how regulatory officials in the United States, Germany, and the European Commission have chosen to exercise extraordinary flexibility in allowing Covisint (and other B2Bs) to form and undertake broad industry-wide collaborations. Based on Covisint's short history, the article argues that Covisint's promises of good behavior notwithstanding, the risks and temptations of harmful exclusionary and collusive behavior are formidable,especially when the B2B evolves from an E-business exchange to a 'global solutions provider', as Covisint did. We conclude that B2Bs whose members have collective market power must be watched carefully. Post-authorization shifts in focus from serving the market for marketplaces to competition in the sale of industry input goods and services should immediately raise red flags for the European competition and American antitrust regulators.


BloggBuddy is an awesome wordpress plugin developed by Brian Oliver. I was lucky enough to get a review copy of this plugin and am really amazed with its functionality. Here is my detailed review on BloggBuddy Plugin along with its features. BloggBuddy...


In view of the fact that the defects of narrow bandwidth and weak ability against frequency deviation in traditional proportion resonant(PR) controller can be remedied by quasi-proportion resonant(Quasi-PR) controller, based on three-phase independent Quasi-PR controller a control strategy for neutral point clamped(NPC) tri-level photovoltaic(PV) grid-connection inverter is proposed. The Quasi-PR controller inherits the advantages of traditional PR controller, so the complex coordinate transformation, decoupling control and feed-forward compensation in vector control strategy can be avoided and the control algorithm is simplified. Meanwhile, when grid frequency deviation occurs, the astatic tracking to AC current can still be performed by Quasi-PR controller. Besides, to decrease the content of higher harmonic current caused by unbalance in power grid, a Quasi-PR control based selective harmonic compensator is designed. The validity of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation results.


Motivated by the non-smooth surface with concave of biological world,which has the properties of friction-reduction and wear-resistance,with XL-2Vengine as the experimental object,based on the characteristics of joint friction of piston cylinder liner and failure modes of engine piston,nine test plans are generated by three levels and three factors orthogonal table.On the surface of the piston skirt of engine,macroscopic bionic holes are machined,which have optimized variable hole diameter,variable line spacing and alternating pits and through-holes.By engine bench test,two test indexes are obtained,which are wear rate of piston and cylinder pressure change rate.It is verified that the bionic hole piston is better than the standard one on friction-reduction and wearresistance.The results of experimental optimization design are as follows:the primary and secondary factors are hole diameter,hole distribution and hole style,and the optimal level is stagger form,pit form and hole diameter I.


Cysticercosis is a condition caused by the encysted larval form of Taenia solium. Cysticercosis can involve any tissue of body but, commonest system affected is the central nervous system neurocysticercosis (80%), followed by subcutaneous tissue, eyes. Sporadic cases of solitary intramuscular cysticercosis have been reported in the literature. We report a case of Cysticercosis in a 28 year old female patient, who presented with a swelling over the left side of pectoralis region. Imaging techniques revealed a cystic mass in the left pectoralis major muscle. Cyst was excised, submitted for histopathology and was diagnosed as Cysticercosis. Treatment should be instituted after definite diagnosis and multidisciplinary management may be required in complex cases.


Spondylometaphyseal dysplasias (SMD) comprise a group of different disorders characterized by spinal and metaphyseal involvement. SMD with negligible metaphyseal changes are designated as brachyolmia (B). We report two sibs with a distinctive phenotype of mixed platyspondyly and minimal metaphyseal modification which differ from all known types of SMD and B. Patient 1 was born at 41 weeks to a 22-year-old primigravida after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery. The unrelated parents were of Anglo-Saxon descent and were in good health. The father was aged 35 years and was 178 cm tall. The mother's height was 155 cm. The family history was unremarkable. Birth weight, length, and head circumference (OFC) were 3,650 g (76th centile), 49 cm (26th centile) and 35 cm (50th centile), respectively. In the first six months of life his development was normal. From the age of six months he had symptoms of upper airway obstruction in sleep, but these settled after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy at two years. He had no predisposition to recurrent infections and his development was normal. From the age of three years, he occasionally complained of knee pains at night, which would wake him from sleep. His mental development was normal. His parents noted mild bowing of his forearms when the boy was 4 8/12 years old. At that time his height was 95.1 cm (<1st centile), weight 17.6 kg (42nd centile ), head circumference 50.9 cm (<50th Fig. 1. Patient 1. Four years, 8months old.A:He is short. Photographs of the patient showing hypertelorism, prominent forehead, short and bowed forearms, hyperlordosis, and mildly bowed legs. B: Cervical spine radiograph showing flattening of the vertebrae with bullet shaped anterior end. C: Lumbar and lower thoracic spine radiograph showing flattening of the vertebraewith rounding of the anterior end, and posterior wedging. D: Radiograph of the pelvis showing squared off iliac wings, narrow sciatic notches, flat trident acetabular roofs, short femoral necks, and minor coxa valga. Spina bifida L5-S2. E and F: Radiographs of the long bones showing shortening and bowing of the forearm bones (radius and ulna <10%) with minor hypoplastic/dysplastic changes at the proximal end. The metaphyses are slightly widened and the growth cartilage is narrow. There is minimal irregularity of the distal femoral and proximal and distal tibial metaphyses. G: Radiograph of the hand showing mild shortening of all the tubular bones. There is minimal widening and irregularity of the distal forearmmetaphyses with a narrow growth plate. Bone age corresponds to the chronological age. *Correspondence to: Dr. K. Kozlowski, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Department of Medical Imaging, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce the three different forms of institutional transformation in microfinance - the upscaling-, the downscaling- and the greenfield-approach - and to assess in how far they contribute to a 'mission drift' in microfinance, away from providing affordable financial funds to the poorest towards a more profit-oriented business model. With the help of empirical findings in the existing literature on microfinance in Sub-Saharan Africa the main characteristics of these approaches are elaborated, and they are evaluated with respect to the initial aim of microfinance. The results of this paper show that the institutional transformation contributed to a broader implementation and sustainability of microfinance, though institutional transformation implies a certain mission drift. Between the poles of serving the poorest while maintaining self-sufficiency, the upscaling approach performs best, drifting less away from poor parts of the population while still stabilizing the MFI's economic business model.


Nonepileptic events are common in children, and may be difficult to distinguish from epileptic events. Hyperekplexia is a rare nonepileptic event characterized by an exaggerated persistent startle reaction to unexpected auditory, somatosensory and visual stimuli, generalized muscular rigidity, and nocturnal myoclonus. In most instances, the clinical history and an age-based approach leads to the diagnosis, and ancillary testing serves as confirmation. A 10-year-old girl was referred to our department with the complaint of seizure and cranial trauma. Her physical examination revealed that tactile stimuli yielded myoclonic jerks. HE was entertained in view of the clinical and laboratory findings. The symptoms almost fully resolved after clonazepam in the follow-up. This case emphasizes that nonepileptic events should be considered in the differential diagnosis of convulsions.


To improve the accuracy of time series forecasting and enhance the interpretability of the structural feature parameters of the forecasting model, this paper improved Particle Swarm Optimization-Long Short-Term Memory Network model which has been used in ship motion attitude prediction, intelligent traffic flow prediction, stock prediction, etc. Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization-Long Short-Term Memory neural network model (APSO-LSTM model) is proposed. The prediction model changes the traditional PSO algorithm shortcoming which is easily falling into the local optimal. By constructing an adaptive PSO algorithm to search overall optimal to optimize the key parameters of the LSTM model, the accuracy of the prediction model is improved. Compared with the traditional LSTM model, the impact of human intervention is reduced. This article selects the US gold futures price information as the representative of the gold futures price level to verify the APSO-LSTM prediction model and compares the prediction results of the model with the traditional RNN model and LSTM model prediction results. The results show that the LSTM prediction model based on adaptive PSO improves the accuracy of prediction.


This work presents two state estimators for a class of isothermal tubular reactors involving sequential reactions for which the kinetics depends on the reactants concentrations only. These conceptions are performed by describing the model as infinitedimensional state-space system, with bounded observation. It is shown that the given observers ensure asymptotic state estimator with exponentially decay error, when measurements (a) of both the reactant and product concentrations and (b) of only the product concentration, are available at the reactor output. Simulation results are also presented showing the effectiveness of the proposed observers.


The authors explored individual and family adjustment processes among parents (n = 30) and children (n = 55) who were displaced to Colorado after Hurricane Katrina. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 23 families, this article offers an inductive model of displaced family adjustment. Four stages of family adjustment are presented in the model: (a) family unity stage, (b) prioritizing safety stage (parents) and missing home stage (children), (c) confronting reality stage (parents) and feeling settled stage (children), and (d) reaching resolution. This research illustrates that parental and child adjustment trajectories are dynamic and may vary over time, thus underscoring the importance of considering the perspectives of both adults and children in research and disaster policy interventions.


Aminoacridine forms a crystalline complex with the dinucleoside monophosphate, 5-iodocytidylyl(3'-5') guanosine. We have solved the three-dimensional structure of this complex by x-ray crystallography and have observed two distinct intercalative binding modes by this drug to miniature Watson-Crick double helical structures. The first of these in- volves a pseudosymmetric stacking interaction between 9- aminoacridine molecules and guanine-cytosine base-pairs. This configuration may be used by 9-aminoacridine when interca- lating into DNA. The second configuration is an asymmetric interaction, largely governed by stacking forces between acri- dine and guanine rings. This type of association may play an important role in the mechanism of frameshift mutagenesis. 9-Aminoacridine has long been known to be a potent frameshift


The date of the autumn festivals shifts from the northern towns to the southern ones in the longitudinal valleys of the Tohoku region (Fig.). Many street-stalls are opened and many farmers crowd at the festivals in local towns. There were 105 stalls at the festival of Hanamaki, containing 41 toy and 27 miscellaneous goods stalls. The permanent addresses of these stallers are scattered widely in the eastern and central Japan. From this view-point, the festival does not show the characteristics of a market town. Nevertheless the autumn festival has the meanings of the thanks for harvest, and many dancing groups of young farmers from areas around the town come to the festival, and dance in front of some shops, which are related to these farmers concerning agricultural work.


The problem of the invention is to provide water dispersible granules which do not cause chemical damage and exhibit excellent disintegrability and dispersibility when thrown into water even in the case wherein an agrochemical technical product having a melting or softening point of 70 °C or below, the formulation of which into water dispersible granules was difficult in the prior art, is used. Water dispersible granules for agricultural and horticultural use which are produced by granulating a mixture comprising an agrochemical technical product having a melting or softening point of 70 °C or below, an N-acylamino acid salt, and an adsorption carrier; water dispersible granules for agricultural and horticultural use as described above which further contain at least one member selected from among condensates of aromatic sulfonic acid salts with formalin and salts of lignosulfonic acids; and water dispersible granules for agricultural and horticultural use as described above which further contain salts of N-acylmethyltaurines.


The (n, k, d) regenerating code is a class of (n, k) erasure codes with the capability to recover a lost code fragment from other d existing code fragments. In this paper, we focus on the design of exact regenerating codes at minimum bandwidth regenerating (MBR) points. For d = n - 1, a class of (n, k, d = n - 1) exact-MBR codes, termed as repair-by-transfer codes, have been developed in prior work to avoid arithmetic operations in node repairing process. The first result of this paper presents a new class of repair-by-transfer codes via congruent transformations. As compared with prior works, the advantages of proposed codes include: i) the minimum of field size is significantly reduced from (2n) ton; ii) the encoding complexity is decreased from n4 to n3. Our simulation results 2 show that the proposed code achieves faster operations than the prior approach does under large n. The second result of this paper presents a new form of coding matrix for product-matrix exact-MBR codes. The proposed coding matrix includes the following advantages: i) the minimum of finite field size is reduced from n - k + d ton; ii) the fast Reed-Solomon erasure coding algorithms can be applied on the proposed exact-MBR codes to reduce the time complexities.


The results are reported of an investigation to determine the in situ permeability ratio of a large body of varved soil near New Liskeard, Ontario. Permeability ratio is defined as the ratio of coefficients of permeability for flow parallel to and perpendicular to the varves. The method used was to measure with piezometers the pattern of water pressures within a natural slope and to determine by trial and error calculations the value of permeability ratio which would yield a similar pattern of water pressures. The value of this permeability ratio was found to be rK < 5.The in situ magnitudes of hydraulic gradient were appreciably smaller than unity and this brought into question the usual assumption that the flow obeyed Darcy's law. Comparisons between calculated patterns of water pressure based on Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow and measured patterns of water pressure indicated that the best fit was obtained based on the assumption of Darcy flow.It is hypothesized that soils consisting of distal varves hav...


Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma accounts for less than 0.5% of head and neck tumors. It primarily affects male adolescents, and originates in the posterolateral wall of the nasopharynx. Although angiofibromas extend beyond the nasopharynx commonly, they rarely originate outside the nasopharynx. Primary extranasopharyngeal angiofibromas have been sporadically reported in the literature. We report an unusual case of an angiofibroma arising from the middle turbinate. The tumor was completely removed through endonasal, endoscopic technique after pre-operative embolization


We discuss the design and construction techniques of the Integral Field Units (IFU's) for SPIRAL and COHSI (Cambridge OH Suppression Instrument). The design for both is similar and we explain our reasons for adopting our particular approach. Both IFU's have been used on telescopes and found to perform very well. Finally, our plans for future instruments which will use the same techniques are briefly discussed.


In order to guarantee the working face recovery rate complying with relevant regulations,according to the mining face stoping rate calculation method,in combination with hydraulic support supporting height and the analysis of the working face mining height broken relationship,checking hydraulic support height method with working face recovery rate was put forward,which reduced the support selective blindness and ensured the working face recovery rate complying with relevant regulations.


A study of 485 recorded cases of prostatectomy for hypertrophy of the prostate, occurring in the practice of thirteen different operators, wherein the cause of death is given, shows in all 33 deaths. Of these deaths, ten were due to causes such as cancer of the liver, pulmonary tuberculosis, etc., in no way connected either with the operation or the pathologic condition because of which the operation was undertaken. Eight of the deaths were due to exhaustion, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and sepsis, conditions caused by the operation itself or the anesthesia. It would be nearer the exact truth, perhaps, to say of the deaths due to sepsis that most of them were due to conditions existing before the operation was done; but for the present at least we will consider them as deaths due to the operation per se . The remaining 15 deaths were due to pyelitis, pyelonephritis, and other


The changes that appeared in the crystal structure of a natural diamond under the influence of a pulsed femtosecond laser (525 nm) were comprehensively investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy methods. It is shown that changes in the crystal structure occur due to the laser-driven interrelated process of the appearance and migration of interstitial carbon atoms and vacancies. On the one hand, there are atomistic transformations related to a decrease in the concentrations of structural centers that are not associated with vacancies or interstitial atoms—centers A (FT-IR spectroscopy) and P1 and W7 (EPR)—and an increase in the concentration of the H3, NV0, and NV− (PL) centers, which are associated with vacancies. On the other hand, there are indications of cooperative effects—an increase in the intensity of multi-atomic B2 (platelets, layers of interstitial carbon atoms (FT-IR)) and N2 (fragments of the structure with broken C–C bonds (EPR)) centers.


Historically speaking, the of-genitive is of course the incoming form, which app eared during the ninth century. According to Thomas (1931, 284), the inflected genitive vastly outnumbered the periphrasis with of up until the twelfth century. In the Middle Englis h period, we begin to witness "a strong tendency to r eplace the inflectional genitive by periphrastic constructions, above all by periphrasi s with the preposition of" (Mustanoja 1960, I:70). The Early Modern English period, however, se es a revival of the s-genitive, "against all odds" (Rosenbach 2002, 184). While we know that the s-g nitive is comparatively – and increasingly – popular in Present-Day English, espe cially American English (Rosenbach 2002; Rosenbach 2003), the literature about genitiv variability in the Late Modern English period is somewhat sketchy (but see Szmrecsanyi 201 3; Wolk et al. 2013).


PURPOSE
To confirm the efficacy of the travoprost treatment during twelve months follow-up in groups of patients: without previous treatment, with different previous anti-glaucomatous treatment, and with different stage of compensation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study evaluates the lowering of the intraocular pressure (IOP) in 143 patients (286 eyes). The intraocular pressure was measured by means of aplanation tonometry, before the treatment started, and after 1, 3, 9, and 12 months at 8-9 o'clock a.m. Patients were divided into eight groups according to the previous mono therapy or combined therapy substituted by travoprost mono therapy or its combination. A special group constituted patients with travoprost as a primary treatment.

RESULTS
In the first group, with latanoprost substituted by travoprost, the intraocular pressure decreased by 7% (p < or = 0.0001). In the second group of patients, with travoprost as the primary glaucoma treatment, the intraocular pressure decreased by 22% (p < or = 0.0001). In the third group, the beta-blocker was substituted by travoprost, with 22 % (p < or = 0.0001) decrease of the IOP. In the fourth group, the combined therapy of beta-blocker with latanoprost was substituted by combination of beta-blocker and travoprost and the decrease by 8% (p < or = 0.0001) was significant during the first nine months of the follow-up period, later on, the decrease was not significant. The substitution of the combination of beta-blocker and latanoprost by travoprost mono therapy in the fifth group created only no significant lowering of the IOP during the whole follow-up period. If the travoprost mono therapy substituted the combination of beta-blocker with local carboanhydrase inhibitor in the sixth group, the IOP decreased by 20% (p < or = 0.001). In the seventh group, the combination of the local carboanhydrase inhibitor and latanoprost was substituted by combination of the local carboanhydrase inhibitor with travoprost, the IOP lowering was not significant. On the other hand, in the eighth group, different combinations of antiglaucomatics were substituted by travoprost, and this caused significant lowering of IOP by 20% (p < or = 0.0001). In all cases, the lowest decrease of IOP during the whole follow-up period in the eye with worse compensation is given.

CONCLUSION
Travoprost lowered effectively the intraocular pressure in 6 out of 8 groups of patients, e.g. in 129 patients (out of 143 patients), the range of lowering was 7-28% bellow the initial level, the follow up period was 12 months. The decrease of the IOP was stable. The drug was well tolerated.


The thesis deals with the theme of care for women after breast ablation. Breast cancer is not only a medical problem, but also a problem which concerns the whole of society. In the Czech Republic more than five thousand women are treated annually with newly diagnosed carcinoma of the mammary gland. Breast cancer is ranked among the most common cancer in women. The thesis topic "Life after Mastectomy for Breast Cancer" is the constant topicality of this isme. Number of women diagnosed with breast cancer is increasing whereas their age tends to lower. A nurse plays an important role in the care of women, but they are expected to possess sufficient knowledge and expertise on prevention, treatment and overall care of the patient. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the anatomy of the female breast, issue of the causes of cancer, the most common symptoms of the disease, the selection of prosthetic devices and capabilities to help women after breast ablation. The practical part is focused of the aimed at mapping areas which can offer support to the ill women, whether it is provided by a multidisciplinary team of the hospital or by other health and social facilities in the country in the psychological and social issues. The main contribution of the thesis is the outcome of questionnaire research which will specify areas with sufficient care for women after mastectomy.


Peripheral nerve injury triggers a number of maladaptive changes in both peripheral and central sites, leading to debilitating hypersensitivity, as well as cognitive, motivational, and affective deficits. Understanding the epigenetic and transcriptional events mediating pathological pain and synaptic reorganization will provide essential information for novel approaches towards the management of neuropathic pain. Our lab has previously demonstrated that prolonged peripheral nerve injury leads to an upregulation of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in the mouse Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), and revealed a dynamic role of HDAC5 in the antiallodynic efficacy of monoamine‐targeting antidepressants. HDAC5 negatively regulates the expression of Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2C (MEF2C), a transcription factor critical for synaptic plasticity in adulthood. Aberrant MEF2C expression contributes to clinical neuropsychiatric abnormalities such as autism and schizophrenia. By utilizing qPCR and RNAscope in situ hybridization, we found that long‐term peripheral nerve injury dynamically affects MEF2C expression in distinct cellular populations of chronic pain circuits. We also used adeno‐associated vectors to overexpress MEF2C in the NAc of adult mice in order to determine the impact of this transcription factor in the trajectory of sensory hypersensitivity associated with peripheral nerve injury. We found that while MEF2C overexpression did not affect the induction of sensory hypersensitivity, it did disrupt the maintenance of sensory hypersensitivity symptoms. Specifically, MEF2C over‐expressors recover from mechanical allodynia and show restored motivational drive. In conclusion, our findings suggest that manipulation of the plasticity‐mediating transcription factor, MEF2C, in the brain reward system holds promise for interrupting the chronification of pain, as well as its affective components. We are further investigating the mechanisms underlying neuropathy‐related changes in MEF2C expression and/or activity via phosphorylation‐specific protein analysis, in vivo DNA methyltransferase identification (DamID), and gene silencing tools for downstream molecular targets.


Using a free-space, line of sight, electro-magnetic communication (i.e., via light or microwaves) to provide a wide range of services to users in geographically spread. Each user is usually associated with the relay point or end point. Each relay point via the communication line of sight and receives retransmission information. These endpoints also receive and transmit via the communication line of sight information. Although apart from each other, the relay and end points sufficiently close to each other to communicate through the line of sight. Thus it does not require a wired connection to a user. It can provide broadcast radio frequency communications capability to maintain at least some of the services as in the case of line of sight communication failure or interruption of backup.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Narcotics are prescribed excessively following surgery and may lead to persistent opioid use. As many urologic oncology procedures are performed minimally invasively, an ...


This book presents an empirical study of syllable structure and phonotactic restructuring in six Caribbean creoles with Dutch, English and French as main lexifier languages. It is shown that, although some structures are more commonly permitted than others, there is considerable cross-creole variation, especially with respect to word-final structures. The findings provide support for recent SLA approaches to the emergence of creole phonology.


In this study, a contract for vertical and horizontal coordination is developed in which transportation mode and carbon emissions tax play a key role in determining the values of the contract parameters. The contract is designed for simultaneous coordination of cooperative advertising and periodic review replenishment decisions of a supplier and two competitive retailers. To obtain the optimal decisions, firstly, the traditional decision-making structure is modeled. After that, the centralized structure is modeled to obtain decisions that are profitable for the whole supply chain. Finally, for convincing the competitive retailers to accept the centralized decisions, the supplier applies a lead time crashing contract in which two transportation modes, i.e. fast and slow, can be used. Considering the carbon emissions tax imposed by the government, the coordination contract is designed in such a way that the supplier considers the trade-off between reducing lead time and paying tax on carbon emissions while providing enough incentives for the competitive retailers. Results of the sensitivity analyses showed that the proposed model is profitable from economic and environmental viewpoints. From environmental viewpoint, considering the carbon tax leads to a decrease in the carbon emissions that will be released by the transportation modes. From economic viewpoint, coordinating coop (cooperative) advertising and replenishment decisions of the SC members, enhances demand and provides a higher service level, which increases the SC profit. The contract is conditionally applicable under situations where the carbon emissions tax or lead time reduction costs become high.


The paper presents an analysis of existing vibration diagnostics methods. In order to evaluate an efficiency of method application the following criteria have been proposed: volume of input data required for establishing diagnosis, data content, software and hardware level, execution time for vibration diagnostics. According to the mentioned criteria a classification of vibration diagnostics methods for determination of their advantages and disadvantages, search for their development and improvement has been presented in paper. The paper contains a comparative estimation of methods in accordance with the proposed  criteria. According to this estimation the most efficient methods are a spectral analysis and spectral analysis of the vibration signal envelope.


For a positive integer n and its Euler function φ(n) we write φ(n)/n = a/b, where a = a(n) and b = b(n) are coprime. For a fixed integer a, we consider the number of integers b for which the above relation holds for some n, and we also fix b and count corresponding a's. We discuss the greatest common divisor of n and φ(n), applying it to the relation φ(n) | f(n) for f a polynomial. Mathematics Subject Classification: 11N37, 11N56


This paper considers the optimal modification of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) for the equality of two high-dimensional covariance matrices. The classical LRT is not well defined when the dimensions are larger than or equal to one of the sample sizes. In this paper, an optimally modified test that works well in cases where the dimensions may be larger than the sample sizes is proposed. In addition, the test is established under the weakest conditions on the moments and the dimensions of the samples. We also present weakly consistent estimators of the fourth moments, which are necessary for the proposed test, when they are not equal to 3. From the simulation results and real data analysis, we find that the performances of the proposed statistics are robust against affine transformations.


The problem of formation and reconŽ guration of multiple microsatellite systems is addressed. A control scheme called the perceptive frame is adopted that integrates the decentralized feedback of each satellite with online sensor information to achieve the goal of formation keeping and intersatellite coordination. The proposed design algorithm has the advantage of relative position keeping and easy formation reconŽ guration.


Five elite walkers of China,YU Guo-hui,LI Ming-cai,PAN Hai-lian and so on are selected as the subjects for the test of the simulated altitude training of "Living High and Training Low".A negative pressure cabin developed by Shandong Research Center of Sports Science is used for this three-week test.It has been shown that the "Living High and Training Low"is an effective method to improve their fitness status and competitive performance.It is also a successful model for the "Hi-Lo Training"of elite sportsmen.


The factors involved in rehabilitating an offender back into a family are discussed from the perspective of the assessment and treatment goals required for the offender. The sources of information available to use for assessment are described and the limitations and difficulties of each source are discussed. As a way of ensuring that all relevant factors are addressed, a model is presented which indicates which areas need to be assessed for each individual. This covers denial, social inadequacy, pro-offending attitudes and relapse prevention. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Does the 1st polar body (PB) transfer technique for oocytes and embryo doubling works at any patients' age?

 The transfer of the patient's 1stPB to a donor oocyte shows an increase in the number of blastocysts in all studied age groups of patients.

 The problem of low ovarian reserve is one of the most difficult to solve by ART. Particular difficulties arise when patients are not ready to use donor oocytes. But transfer of the patient's 1st polar body (PB) to donor oocyte cytoplasm has proven to be an effective method to help patients with low ovarian reserve and poor response. In confirmation of this, three healthy babies have been born to this date thanks to this technique. But the question remains open as until what age the application of this method is effective. It was evaluated in this study.

 The study was performed in the Medical Center IGR from March 2017 to January 2021 and involved 695 cells: 361 oocytes (group A) obtained from 85 patients (mean age 38.4±6.4 years) and 334 oocytes (group B) that were obtained received from 47 donors (mean age 27.0±3.6). We evaluated the number of high quality blastocysts (HQB) from maternal and modified oocytes by the 1st PB transfer and blastocysts euploidy in the different age groups.

 We used patients' oocytes obtained from 85 women with low ovarian reserve and poor response. Donor oocytes have been previously enucleated and modified by the transfer of patients' 1stPB with further fertilization. The procedure was carried out using Nikon Ti Eclipse(Japan) inverted microscope, Saturn 3 laser console(UK). Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy was performed using trophectoderm biopsy. Samples were diagnosed using Ion S5(USA). Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.

 In the group A there were 93 HQB (25.8%) that formed from 361 original patients' oocytes and 70 HQB (20.9%) developed from 334 modified oocytes (group B) on the post-fertilization day 5 or 6. The statistically significant difference (SSD) was not found between the groups on this parameter (p > 0.05).
 Also, the data were grouped according to the age of the patients, namely group I (23–30 years) that included 13 patients, group II (31–39 years) – 28 patients, group III (40–48 years) – 44 patients. In group I there were 12 HQB (25.0%) that formed from 48 original patients' oocytes and 14 HQB (29.9%) developed from 47 modified oocytes, in group II - 50 HQB (38.5%) that formed from 130 original patients' oocytes and 31 HQB (27.2%) developed from 114 modified oocytes, in group III - 31 HQB (16.9%) that formed from 183 original patients' oocytes and 25 HQB (14.5%) developed from 173 modified oocytes. The analysis showed SSD between the number of patients' blastocysts in groups II and III (p < 0.001), as well as between the number of blastocysts from modified oocytes in groups II and III (p < 0.005), I and III (p < 0.05). There was not SSD among the number of euploid embryos.

 With increasing age of patients, the morphological quality of their oocytes deteriorates, which is reflected in the structure of the polar bodies. In turn, the quality of the patient's polar body plays a major role in the successful modification of the donor's oocyte.
 Wider implications of the findings: : Results of analysis shows that even in the group of advanced maternal age it is possible to increase the yield of high qualitative blastocysts at least by 14,5% using the1st PB transfer technique. At the same time, the biological relatedness of patient with the future child is maintaining.

 Not applicable


Abstract.
 The Second International Symposium on Magnesium was held in São Paulo, Brazil, in November 2014. An overview of the role of magnesium in food production was the theme of the opening session of that meeting. This paper considers agricultural production systems, mainly in terms of sustainability, fertiliser-use efficiency and food security, with emphasis on soils of tropical regions. Magnesium in soils and plants, as well as in relation to other nutrients and to other agricultural production factors, is especially covered. Finally, the role of magnesium is considered in terms of plant and animal health, nutrient management and the need of future research.


Objective:To understand the existing problems in operative prophylactic antibiotics application.Methods:The prospective survey on operative prophylactic antibiotics application in 336 cases of clean operation,cleancontaminated operation was performed.Results:Among 336 surgical patients,antibiotics application accounted for 99.10%,single,two-drug and three-drug usage in clean oper-ation,clean-contaminated operations accounted for 27.36%,70.78%,6.72%,93.30% respectively.Preoperative and postoperative antibi-otics usage accounted for 13.69% and 85.4% respectively,postoperative prophylactic antibiotics application 3 d accounted for 86.78%,the longest usage duration lasted 18 d.Cephalosporin was most commonly used.Conclusion:Operative prophylactic antibiotics application is not standardized enough,mastering indication of antibiotics usage is not accurate enough,drug combination,use time and drug selection are unreasonable and drug usage time sustains longer.The rational and standardized usage of antibiotics should be further strengthened.


ABSTRACT To determine the structure of the epiphytic diatom assemblage and its potential time variations on apical blades of Macrocystis pyrifera from the coasts of the Baja California peninsula four fronds of M. pyrifera were collected monthly from February to August 2003 in El Sauzal, B.C.; the diatoms from 5 blades per frond were mounted on permanent slides and examined floristically and quantitatively. The structure of the assemblage followed the general pattern for most diatom associations, i. e., few abundant species and many rare or uncommon taxa. Species richness reached 171 diatom taxa, however S per sample was heterogeneous (6 - 51 taxa) and in general low. Also, low values of diversity and equitability were estimated: H ´ = 2.1 (max = 3.8, min = 0.3), and J ´ = 0.45. The most abundant taxa were Rhoicosphenia genuflexa (Kutzing) Medlin, Gomphonemopsis pseudexigua (Simonsen) Medlin, tabularia investiens (W.Smith) Williams & Round, and cocconeis costata var. pacifica (grunow) grunow. All are considered permanent constituents of the diatom assemblage on


Okantah's epic poem rendered in three languages (Wolof, English and French) takes Cheikh Anta Diop as its emblematic figure. It can be seen as a modern epic of the black world that rehabilitates the memory of black people from Ancient Egypt to present time and transforms their martyrdom into an epic of survivors from a collective trauma.


ABSTRACT Subsistence agriculture is recognised as a livelihood contributing to food security for households in rural communities. The sustainable livelihood approach is employed in this study, based on its strength and optimistic orientation to grant rural people an opportunity to improve their environment, economic standing, and social development. Data were collected from 180 households using a questionnaire analysed with the SPSS software. The subsistence agriculture sector still lacks adequate governmental support for effective operations to enhance rural livelihoods. Assisting subsistence farmers should improve productivity. The study recommends that the local municipalities should establish a marketplace that would be used as a sales point for community members and local emerging farmers to ensure an effective distribution of agricultural products. This would play a significant role in solidifying the return of the rural economy by increasing farm productivity and complimenting market opportunities.


This article illustrates the summarizing of English classroom teaching,which play a role on consolidation of knowledge,enhancing understanding,generalizing,extending and training ideas. It analyzes its design requirements with the need for accuracy of standing out,conciseness,summarizing,contact and anaphoric,and deepening the extended; and formulate its design to arouse our English language teacher's attention and create and design interesting classroom teaching of English with generalizations,list and mapping,evaluation and summary,comparison and contrast,question and practice,emotional nurturing,extension and organization the activities.


An important current trend in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the growing exploitation of optical pumping of nuclear spin polarizations as a means of enhancing and localizing NMR signals. Recent work has been concentrated in two areas, namely optically pumped NMR in semiconductors and optical pumping of noble gases. Progress in these two areas, including technical developments and new applications in physical chemistry, condensed matter physics, and biomedical sciences, is reviewed. Likely directions for future developments are suggested.


The rocks of the Holsteinsborg district were subjected to conditions of granulite facies metamorphism throughout and for some time after the period of ductile Nagssugtoqidian deformation. Within this span of time the pressure and temperature conditions did not remain stable and may be shown to have varied considerably. Zoning of Al in orthopyroxene coexisting with garnet, and of Mg and Fe in coexisting orthopyroxene and garnet, and c1inopYJ;oxene and garnet are interpreted as evidence of gradual cooling folIowing the peak of metamorphism. Zoning of Ca and AI in coexisting c1inopyroxene and plagioclase is interpreted as an indication of decreasing pressure. The assemblage orthopyroxene, sillimanite and quartz was stable during the peak of Nagssugtoqidian metamorphism and is considered to indicate extreme conditions, approaching 900·C, 9.5 kbar. Pyroxene thermometry suggests that peak temperatures exceeded 800·C.


A machine learning method for prediction of Raman gain and noise spectra is presented: it guarantees high-accuracy (RMSE < 0.4 dB) and low computational complexity making it suitable for real-time implementation in future optical networks controllers.


The facial expression is a visible manifestation of the emotional state, cognitive activity, intention, personality, and mental health of a person. In this paper we use an approach to distinguish between different emotions from images in particular the unhappiness related to anxiety and stress. The approach is based on Active Shape Model (ASM) with 2D profile for extracting important facial points (coordinates of edges of the mouth, eyes, eyebrows, etc.). Further the feature vectors are formed by concatenating the landmarks data from the proposed method and use the data as an input to kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The experimental results using CohnKanade Extended Facial Expression Database show high recognition rate. 2D profile ASM significantly speeds up the fitting process comparing with 1D profile ASM by averagely over 40%.


The problem of persons displaced within the country in recent years, causing anxieties to the international global community, as it has become one of the most serious political and humanitarian problems. The article defines the international legal acts that regulate the legal statues of internally displaced persons. Analyzed guidelines concerning movement of internally displaced persons. Emphasized their importance as guidlines to international and non-governmental organizations and the development of the national legislation in relation to internal migrants. Considered the national security tools and assisting internally displaced persons in Ukraine.


The article contains a study of previously unpublished archival documents and a drawing concerning the history of the creation of iconostases in two chapel churches in the gallery on the second floor of Resurrection Cathedral of New Jerusalem Monastery in 1749-1750. The author studies the problem of interaction between the customer and the architect while creating the project, considers the iconographic program, original composition of the iconostases, and puts forward a reliable version of artistic continuity in the creation of the religious interior of the first half of the XVIII century.


The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the influence of the environment, motivation, and work discipline of employees in the Hamparan Perak sub-district office, Deliserdang, where the process is carried out using quantitative descriptive-analytical methods in which supporting literature uses journals that are by the theme of the discussion. For data analysis, using the multiple linear regression approach by testing data validation and mapping with the normality test, the results of this study are that the environment, motivation, and work discipline do not significantly influence employee performance by 34.3%, while the remaining is 65. 7% is an independent variable that is excluded from this research study


contrast, America's second largest minority group, in 1991 constituted 9 per cent of the general population, 13 per cent of the prison population, 14 per cent of the jail population, and 8 per cent of the death row population. America's incarceration rates2 are seen by many as evidence of draconian criminal justice policies. The overrepresentation of black offenders is seen by many as evidence of racial bias. Both critiques have merit; the latter rests, however, in part on a misconception that racial disproportion in prisons is markedly worse in the United States than elsewhere. This appears not to be the case. Four findings stand out when incarceration rates are disaggregated by race in Australia, Canada, England and Wales, and the United States. First, the white American incarceration rate, compared with those in other English-speaking countries, is not as much higher as is generally believed. Secondly, patterns of differential incarceration by race in England and Wales (white and black), Australia (non Aboriginal and Aboriginal), and Canada (white and native) resemble American patterns. In all these countries, members of disadvantaged visible minority groups are seven to 16 times likelier than whites to be confined in correctional institutions. Thirdly, when the different racial compositions of national prison populations are taken into account, apparent differences in national rates of incarceration diminish. Table 1, shown later in this essay, presents disaggregated incarceration rates for blacks, whites, and others for America and for England and Wales. It invites intriguing comparisons. If, for example, America's 1990 general population were, like England and Wales's in 1991, 94.1 per cent white and 1.8 per cent black, America's jails and prisons in 1990 would have housed 759,632 black and white inmates (the actual black and white total was 1,133,820). This assumes that incarceration rates by race would be the same as in 1990 (see Table 1). The national incarceration rate (assuming the 1990 rate of 241 per 100,000 for the residual 4.1 per cent 'other') would fall from 474 per 100,000 to 315.


Introductory physics laboratories have seen an influx of conceptual integrated science over time in their classrooms with elements of other sciences such as chemistry, biology, Earth science, and astronomy. We describe a laboratory to introduce this development, as it attracts attention to the voltage induced in the human brain as it is initiated by the change in the magnetic flux due to the Earth's magnetic field and movement. This simple and enjoyable experiment will demonstrate how basic concepts in physics and geology can help us think about possible health effects due to the induced voltage.


Pollen, the plant structure most widely used by humans, is a key structure in plant reproduction giving rise to fruits and seeds. Moreover, the biotechnological use of pollen is of great importance for plant breeders since it allows them to obtain varieties with better utilization and yield. The first part of this book examines the successive steps of pollen development in the anther from floral induction to pollen germination and fertilization. The second part is devoted to pollen behaviour in vitro.


Students working in groups on project all earn the same grade. This is often times unfair to students who do the work and students who are social loafers.


Based on the background of Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system, this paper focuses on whether precoding technology can effectively reduce the impact of pilot pollution, and a hybrid precoding scheme based on all-digital precoding and analog beamforming is proposed. The results show that the hardware complexity and cost of the system can be reduced effectively on the premise that the basic performance indexes are close.


We explored the lived experiences of sex workers in South Africa by employing a phenomenological methodology. Five women between the ages of 34 and 48 years who were/are involved in this industry were interviewed between January and March 2008. Through the use of thematic analysis four common themes in their experiences were identified and are elucidated in this article. These themes are: (a) pervasive experiences of abuse and neglect during childhood, (b) entry into sex work, (c) life as a sex worker and (d) trauma and resilience. The lived experiences of the participants were integrated with the literature in order to create a contextualised picture and a deeper understanding of the experience of a sex worker, as well as to assist informing the debate on sex work in South Africa.


This paper discusses the role of modelling and simulation technology in the development of new weapon system.It also introduces the integrative WISE modelling /simulation development environment and simulation software of JARI in China,and describes modelling and digital sumulation method for the ship fire control system.A technical way to support new fire control system effectiveness evaluation by using Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is given.


The Tuonamuzangbu area is situated between the Qiangbei depression and central uplift zone,Qiangtang basin,Tibet,where the hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly limestone and mudstone of sections 1-4 of the Suowa Group 1,upper Jurassic.The hydrocarbon source rocks in this region are thick with relatively low content of total organic carbon(TOC).Their chloroform asphalt "A" and total hydrocarbon content are also relatively low,organic matter type is medium,and thermal evolution degree is of intermediate-high maturity.The hydrocarbon source rocks have a double-peak distribution of carbon numbers C25 and C27,and are dominated by heavy carbon superiority with low r-wax alkane content.Comprehensive evaluation considers that for the Suowa Group,carbonate of section 3 of and mudstone of section 4 are the better hydrocarbon source rocks,carbonate of sections 3 and 2 is intermediate hydrocarbon source rocks,mudstone and the carbonate of section 1 are poor hydrocarbon source rocks.


Abstract : Contents: The Sine-Gordon Equations; On Classes of Integrable Systems and the Painleve Property; The Panileve Property and Backlund Transformations for the Sequence of Bousinesq Equations; and Backlund Transformation and Linearizations of the Henon-Heiles System.


Anthony-Emil N. Tachiaos. Cyril and Methodius of Thessalonica: The Acculturation of the Slavs. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2001. x, 206 pp. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliographical Note. $15.95, paper. The publication of a work, in our ever-changing world, dedicated to the life of two extraordinary human beings who lived in the distant ninth century is quite a feat in itself. However, it is quite unfortunate that this accomplishment, and in particular the achievement of Cyril and Methodius, has been marred by Tachiaos's own revisionist ideas. There is a certain strain in Slavic Studies (particularly in Greece, Bulgaria, and Russia) that attempts to present Cyril and Methodius's work as the realization of some nebulous nationalist ideals. In his effort to emphasize the role played by Byzantium in the creation of the Slavic alphabet, the formation of the Slavic language, and ultimately the development of Slavic culture, Tachiaos veers off the course of impartial scholarly investigation and enters into a controversial realm of half-truths and somewhat extreme prejudices. The book, itself, is not an attempt to reveal the lives of the Saints Cyril and Methodius, but the self-application of two ordinary men, who were committed to follow through their endeavours. This distinction is consistently followed by the author, and is perhaps one of his main achievements. Tachiaos has divided his work into ten chapters tracing Cyril and Methodius's lives from their childhood in Thessalonica, tracking their separate careers and the events leading to their major threefold achievement-the creation, propagation, and defence of the Slavic alphabet. Both of them encouraged the creation of original texts in Slavic language and themselves (especially Methodius) wrote works in the new script. At this point Tachiaos only briefly mentions the importance of the fact that both Cyril and Methodius advocated Slav cultural autonomy and defended its integrity in the face of the "doctrine of Trilinguism" (p. 83). The author seems somewhat surprised when he remarks that they did not avail themselves of the opportunity to "defend the exclusiveness of the Greek language" and instead "rejected [it], precisely because it suppressed the spiritual freedom of the Slavic peoples" (p. 83). This clearly is a central point for Tachiaos, which he finds difficult to overcome. The last three chapters of the book are dedicated to the work of Cyril and Methodius's disciples in Bulgaria, their legacy to the Slavs, and the development of the cults of St. Cyril and St. Methodius. One of Tachiaos' main contributions is the exploration of the idea that the Slavic alphabet was part of a long-term "Slavic project" of the Byzantine Empire, which began as early as 820 AD. The aim of this project was to bring the Slavs into the cultural domain of the empire. This would subsequently facilitate their subjugation to Byzantine political control, or at least further peaceful coexistence between the Slavs and the Byzantine Greeks. Another interesting suggestion of the author is the proposition that the hub of all the activities related to the Slavic project led by Cyril and Methodius was the region of Mount Olympus in Asia Minor, and especially that Cyril might have started working on drafts for a Slavic script as early as his Khazar mission. In Asia Minor there already existed a well-established Slav community transported there by the Byzantine Empire as a shield against the Arabs. …


Truck lid entity modeling was did by using CAD software,and then was imported into ADAMS software for the car truck lid parameterized modeling,parametric point coordinates,one of the 4 kinds of parametric methods in ADAMS/View was mainly used,and at the same time,bonnet mechanism model of optimization design was did by using the ADAMS software,the goal of optimization is making the transport mechanism of material to minimum costs.At the same time,the following two conditions can be met,or bonnet opened easily close to filter from above and truck lid with filter has no interference in the operation process,and three constraints were given and at the same time,inspection and evaluation,creating optimization objective function,optimization analysis were did,and then modified a design variable range on the second optimization design and analysis,which gave a constraint defines a tolerance range,making the constraint condition to relax,the conclusions of some optimization results were gotten,and finally the purpose of reducing costs was achieved.


Microsemi's CSAC was developed from 2001 to 2011 and represented revolutionary technology for atomic clocks. The use of Coherent Population Trapping, pioneered at NIST, enabled a significant reduction in size, weight, and power compared to conventional gas cell clocks. Last year, Microsemi released an updated version of CSAC that improved the operating temperature range and reliability. Development of the technology continues at Microsemi to meet the current and future applications. This paper provides some historical background, design description, a detailed technical status of CSAC including performance data from production testing. Also, the paper will contain a description of both the original and future applications. Finally, a description of the future development plans with the goals of increased performance, further reliability improvements, and wider environmental tolerances. The improvements include wider temperature range from −40°C to 80 °C, improved drift and temperature stability, radiation tolerance and RoHS 6/6 compliance.


Single-mode shaped commands can be implemented for oscillations control of multi-mode systems provided that all frequencies of the system are odd-multiples of the shaped command frequency. This criterion is utilized in this work to develop a command shaping strategy for multi-mode systems. A frequency-modulation command shaper is derived based on the use of a single-mode command-shaping technique. The proposed strategy is based on deriving a closed-loop model of a multi-mode system with its modal frequencies modulated so that higher mode frequencies are odd-multiples of the first mode frequency. A single-mode double-step primary command-shaper with a design frequency equal to the first mode frequency of the closed-loop system is then used. The input command to the plant of the closed-loop system is used as shaped commands for the multi-mode system. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategy along with experiments on scaled models of a triple, quadruple, and quintuple-pendulums.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Abstract Globalization brought new opportunities to logistics providers worldwide, especially in the Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Turkey (MIST) countries. However, this attractive opportunity also came with high risk due to the complexity of the global supply chain. Third-party logistics providers need to be prepared to minimize the risks by utilizing risk management to ensure a smooth supply chain operation. This case was conducted with a major Indonesian third-party logistics (3PL) provider, utilizing the Supply Chain Risk Management Process (SCRMP) to control and monitor all risks that can arise in the company. The structure of the method can be divided into four phases: risk identification, risk measurement/risk assessment, risk evaluation, and risk mitigation/contingency plans. The purpose of this research is to validate how the SCRMP concept performs in challenging contexts such as the Indonesian 3PL industry. The study also bridged the theoretical-practical gap by helping practitioners gain valuable insights to manage risks in the company and provided appropriate risk mitigation. The results showed that there are seven unacceptable risks requiring risk mitigation and control. Risk mitigation strategies were then recommended, based on the risks that were categorized as the most critical and unacceptable. The recommendation is expected to reduce the risks that occur in the Indonesian cold chain. Keywords: risk management, supply chain risk management process, third-party logistics providers


This article illustrates how a life-course perspective can be infused more fully into the research field of physical activity promotion. A life-course perspective is particularly promising in connecting, organizing, and supplementing current knowledge and can potentially stimulate and direct future research and intervention efforts by using a time-sensitive, opportunistic, and developmental approach. The first section summarizes this approach into five key life-course principles including human agency, linked lives, time and place, life-span development, and timing. The second section takes a closer look at three time-based components: trajectories, transitions, and turning points. The final section highlights some of the implications of a life-course perspective for research methods and interventions, especially among children and older adults.


Abstract In this paper, we introduce the product of two relative semi-dynamical systems and study the preservation of certain dynamical notions under the product. Also, a variant of conjugacy is introduced to get these properties shared by conjugate systems.


A solution forcontrolling and managing the usage of domestic electrical power in order to avoid undesired interruption of the service. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a removable device is proposed which can be interposed between any appliance and the meter to prevent and manage power break down in a home electrical system. The device interacts with a server which monitors and controls the total electrical power usage of the system; the server authorisesnew requests of power consumption by any of the appliances only if such requests can be satisfied without exceeding a predetermined maximum allowed load of the system.


Through the harm status survey of Gansu zokor in beishan forest of Huzhu County in 2007,the methods combining manpower with chemical control were carried out,the results showed that: prevention could decreased the density of zokor obviously and improve the survival rate of young plantation.The average density of zokor decreased to 23 capitals per hectare from 52 capitals per hectare,retention rate of young forest increased to 80% from 65%.


This cross-cultural study investigated and compared the infl uence of hardiness in burnout among Portuguese and Brazilian nurses, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Personal Views Survey (PVS). The sample consisted of 630 nurses working in hospitals (394 Portuguese, 236 Brazilians). The statistical analysis using multiple linear regression showed that hardiness is a personality trait that explains burnout, presenting different predictive models for each sample. Results suggested that overall work characteristics and work settings of Portuguese and Brazilian nurses explained the differences found between the samples. Findings suggested that future applied interventions aiming to reduce burnout among Portuguese and Brazilian nurses, should contemplate different hardiness dimensions.


Cavities and extended defects formed in single crystalline and polycrystalline α-SiC implanted with H+ ions are compared. The samples are investigated by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. H2 bubbles are formed during H implantation and H2 molecules escape the sample to form cavities during thermal annealing at 1100°C. Microcracks and the extended defects prefer to nucleate in single crystalline α-SiC, but not polycrystalline α-SiC. Grain boundaries can account for the experimental results. The formation of cavities on grain boundaries is investigated.


I identify an empirical limitation in Chomsky's (2013, 2015) Labeling Theory, and propose a theoretical modification that solves that problem. Chomsky argues that a labeling indeterminacy blocks movement of wh-subjects from Spec-TP into Spec-CP. However, I give evidence wh-subjects can move from Spec-TP to Spec-CP. To solve the labeling problem, I propose (i) that labeling applies to the transferred constituent (normally the phase-head-complement), rather than the full phase, and (ii) that labeling can be delayed by one application of Transfer. This proposal preserves core aspects of Labeling Theory, without requiring a costly complementizer deletion operation for wh-subject extraction.


No matter in the revolutionary war period or in the peace-time of socialist construction, having taken independent innovation as its basic guideline, Chinese Communist Party made great achievements both in the resolution and construction. Especially during the period of more than 50 years since the foundation of People's Republic of China, the leaders of Chinese Communist Party tried hard to explore corresponding suitable ways and theories. They discoursed upon in detail the importance of independent innovation, the relation between innovation and study, and the innovation in science and technology, etc. With this effort, the theory of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is formed, and it successfully directed Chinese science and technology project to a rapid development.


Hybrid-driven mechanism is a kind of multi-degree of freedom mechanism.It is one of the flexible mechanical systems.The guideline of hybrid-driven machine adopts regular motors to provide main power and servo motors to adjust motion.The two types of motion inputs are synthesized through a multi-degree of freedom motion mechanism and output the motion required.First,this paper describes path-properties about hybrid-driven six-bar mechanism.And then based on the inversc-kinematics analysis of the mathematical model the author sets up wity optimization for the given trajectory.The dimension paramclers of the hybrid-driven six-bar mechanism are gained by an optimum design exdmple.


Body length in fishes appears to serve as a "signal" for intra-sexual selection (i.e., male–male competition) and inter-sexual selection (i.e., mate choice). Previous studies indicate that the size of males correlates with the ability to gain or control resources from other males, while the size of females corresponds to features related to reproductive success such as fecundity. However, it remains unclear whether male size, as it relates to success in territory defense, is assessed similarly to female size as it relates to fecundity. Using the beaugregory damselfish (Stegastes leucostictus), a Caribbean coral reef fish, we examined whether focal males measure the "signal", body length, similarly in both sexes. We presented focal territorial males with pairs of males and pairs of females that differed in size by varying degrees, and judged whether the focal male used size to differentiate between the two stimuli. We found that focal males did respond differently based on sex (spent more time near the two male stimuli) and size (spent more time near the larger fish) but did not respond to size differences based on sex. Thus, focal males measured size differences in both sexes similarly in spite of the size reflecting different attributes in males and females.


This research intent to extract essential oils from the pandan leaves and to develop a car fragrance from pandan leaves extract. To obtain data, this research employed an experiment. The experiment involved steam distillation method. We used 500g of pandan leaves in a 500mL round bottomed flask as the distilling pot. The round bottom flask was placed in a heating mantle with temperature at 2 °C. Enough water was added so that the distilling pot is about 2/3 full. Besides that, a small hot plate was used as the heat source. A Claisen connecting tube was used to connect the distilling pot to the distillation head. The Claisen was wrapped with the parafilm to keep it hot during the distillation. The heat was adjusted so the distilling rate equals about 20 drops per minute. The overall results indicated about 150mL of distillate were collected and 0.75 mL of essential oils was obtained. The essential oils was tested by using filter paper that absorbed the pandan fragrance in was placed in Petri dish to test the longer of the smell retains. For further research in this scope of study we could analyze the compound responsible for insect repellent properties because pandan leaves can act as insect repellent.


The primordial universe can be used as a laboratory to set constraints on quantum gravity. In the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology, we show that such a proposal for quantum gravity, not only solves for the big bang singularity issue, but also naturally generates inflation. Thanks to a quantitative computation of the amount of gravity waves produced in the loopy early universe, we show that future cosmological data on the polarized anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background can be used to probe LQC model of the universe.


Physics
Optical tweezing is a powerful technique for trapping and manipulating particles and can be applied to a broad range of size scales—from single cells and viruses to glass beads several micrometers in diameter. Tweezing can also be used to trap single atoms. However, the interaction between


CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts

Abstract #203

Background Five tools have been developed to predict non-SN status in breast cancer patients with SN metastasis: two nomograms (the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center nomogram (MSKCC nomogram) and the nomogram developed by Degnim) and three scoring systems (the Tenon score, the score from the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDA score), and the score developed by Saidi). Our purpose was to assess the validity of these tools in a prospective multicentric study of 561 SN-positive patients. Methods For 561 SN-positive patients who underwent ALND, we tested the accuracy of the five mathematical models. We calculated the false-negative (FN) rates and the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) as a measure of discriminatory capacity. We also tested the accuracy of each model in the subgroup of 246 patients with micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells in the SN; and in the subgroup of 165 patients with histological tumor size measuring more than 2 cm. Results were compared to the optimal logistic regression model that could be developed on the 561 patient cohort. Results At least one non-SN was positive in 147 patients (26.2%). The Tenon score, MSKCC nomogram, MDA score, nomogram of Degnim and score of Saidi applied to all 561 patients achieved AUCs of 0.81, 0.78, 0.73, 0.73, and 0.65 respectively. The FN rate were 4.4% (12/273), 6.5% (13/201), 5.7% (8/140), 12.5% (2/16) and 15% (21/140) respectively. In the subgroup of patients with only SN micrometastases, the FN rates were 2.9% (6/209) and 3.5% (5/143) for the Tenon score and the MSKCC nomogram respectively. The AUCs were 0.81 and 0.72 respectively In the subgroup of patients with histological tumor size measuring more than 2 cm, the FN rates were 0% (0/10) and 28.6% (4/14) for the Tenon score and the MSKCC nomogram respectively. The AUCs were 0.69 and 0.66 respectively. For comparison, a logistic regression model developed on this multicentric cohort yielded AUCs of 0.83, 0.82, and 0.75 for the whole cohort, patients with micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells in the SN and in patients with tumor > 2 cm, respectively. Conclusion In this multicenter study, the Tenon score outperformed other scoring system. It was also more discriminant than other scores in patients with micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells in the SN and in patients with tumor > 2 cm.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 203.


We study the evolution of a strong field plasma using a quantum Vlasov equation with a non-Markovian source term and a simple collision term, and calculate the time dependence of the energy and number density, and the temperature. The evolution of a plasma produced with BNL RHIC-like initial conditions is well described by a low density approximation to the source term. However, non-Markovian aspects should be retained to obtain an accurate description of the early stages of a CERN LHC-like plasma. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.