Successive fluorination of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) exerts a polar effect on various fundamental properties. We describe the temperature dependence of the mass density (p), refractive index (n D ), relative permittivity (e r ), dynamic viscosity (η), and kinematic viscosity (v) of trifluorinated, difluorinated, and monofluorinated DMCs (TFDMC, DFDMC, and MFDMC, respectively).η decreased in essentially the same order as e r : DFDMC > TFDMC > MFDMC > DMC. However, ν and the boiling point of the TFDMC were lower than those of the MFDMC.


Objective: To study the biochemical and toxicological properties of crude catfish sting venom (Arius maculatus). Methods: The crude catfish sting venom molecular weight was determined using SDS-PAGE. The gelatinolytic activity was determined to ascertain the activity of protease in the sting venom. The toxicity study of catfish venom was primarily done using hemolytic assay and brine shrimp lethality assay (LC50). Further characterization was done through HPLC and FT-IR. The amino acids present in the venom were screened using HPTLC by comparing the Rf value of 21 standard amino acids. Result: The molecular weight was determined as bands ranging from 93- 18 kDa. It also possessed gelatinolytic activity between 97- 43 kDa. The sting venom exhibited high toxicity upon testing with erythrocytes and brine shrimp napulii. Arginine, Glutamine, Cysteine, Methionine, Glutamic acid, Lysine, Threonine, Tyrosine and Phenyl alanine are the amino acid present in sting venom (HPTLC), further characterized using HPLC and FTIR. Conclusion: This study reveals that crude catfish sting venom could be used to isolate structurally unique compounds of specific activites.


The purpose of this paper is an attempt to identify the existence and connections between financial decision, financial performance and fractals patterns. The research starts to analyze if there is the possibility to verify a repeating pattern for future events to be foreseen. Fractal patterns can be easily linked with financial markets or any economic events. Price movement in the market are very complex and appears to be randomly. The financial economists believed that this complexity is built up from self-similar patterns of trader behavior. That means that the whole structure is not random but follows a model that can be measured – fractals. A multidimensional analysis of financial data provides a clear picture of decision makers at company level or at macroeconomic level. Economic data are very useful, and they can be classified according to different decision maker criteria and taking into consideration accordingly. However, for a better performance of economic and financial forecasts, predictions and the impact of any decisions throughout the economy, we argue that fractals pattern are more than helpful be considered. Introduction This research aims to analyze if there is the possibility to verify a repeating pattern for future events to be foreseen. In particular, based on the Mandelbrot's studies, (Mandelbrot B., 1997) taken up and applied by the economist Taleb (Taleb N., 2007), it has been possible to hypothesize the occurrence of improbable events, which may have a devastating impact. The Authors focused on the comparison between the original fractal approach and the Gaussian one, based on the so-called Gaussian bell. The latter excludes the possibility of considering some events simply because they are unlikely, regardless of the effects they might produce. A fractal is a geometric object that repeats itself in the same structure on different scales and/or timings, showing repeating patterns. It does not change its appearance even if it is viewed with a magnifying glass. Objects with such behavior could appear as artificial constructions, although they are frequent in nature such as: the arrangement of the branches of a tree, the shape of a cauliflower, the surface of the clouds, the path of a river, the structure of the galaxies, the shape of lightning (figure no.1). Figure no. 1. Examples of fractals shapes The Business and Management Review, Volume 10 Number 2 April 2019 Conference proceedings of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 90 Moreover, since its Mandelbrot's discover, fractals are becoming a powerful new mathematical language, thanks to which it is possible to describe natural phenomena and solve the real natural problems that had once been set aside. The Mandelbrot's crucial aim it was to find a comprehensive way to explain the chaos. This modern mathematics makes use of the information technology (Mandelbrot used to work at IBM for decades). To understand the importance of fractal pattern, it is necessary to take a step back in time. Galileo Galilei, one of the greatest scientists of all time, believed that mathematics was an indispensable discipline for interpreting natural phenomena and for representing the forms of nature. However, our daily experience leads us to believe that the most familiar geometric figures (lines, circles, regular polygons) are exception in the nature. This is precisely the Mandelbrot's objection, which introduced the fractals in 1975 as new geometric figures more efficient to represent the complexity of nature. The term fractal, which he invented, it comes from the Latin word fractus (broken, fractionated). Fractals are geometric figures that may seem irregular because they cannot be traced back to the classical figures of Euclidean geometry. They are in fact strange figures, very jagged, grainy, sometimes ramified and intricate, with tentacles or protuberances, just like most of the figures in nature. A fractal is a geometric object with internal homothetic (from Greek language Ομοιο-θετικός, similar shape), which mean it repeats his shape in its same form on different scales. Enlarging any part, it is possible to obtain a similar figure to the original. It is therefore called fractal geometry, the Non-Euclidean geometry that studies these structures, recurrent for example in the engineering design of networks, in Brownian motion and in galaxies. This feature is also known as self-similarity. Benoit Mandelbrot invented the term fractal in 1975 and described like imagine of a figure, a leaf for example, which reproduces itself to infinity, always the same shape but always smaller. In this way the fractal can be used in the description of real natural events or objects. Moreover, the fundamental characteristic of the fractal figures is self-similarity: if the details are observed on different scales, it is always possible to notice a certain resemblance to the original fractal. Fractal geometry comes to identify these configurations, to analyze and manipulate them and can be used, not only as a tool for analysis and synthesis, but also as a forecast. The rules of the fractals are precise, so the result is predictable. This contrasts with traditional science which instead consider the irregular aspects of nature and non-similar events such as chaos theory. The chaos theory is considered like a drop of water that expands into the sea, or cardiac fibrillations, or even computer errors and price fluctuations. The Mandelbrot's set (figure no.2) is one of the most popular fractals, also known outside the mathematical field due to the suggestive multicolored images that have been disclosed. It is the set of complex numbers – c – that shows a limited sequence defined by: Despite the simplicity of the definition, the function has a complex shape whose contour is a fractal. It possible to view and draw it only by using a computer. Figure no. 2. The Mandelbrot's Set The Business and Management Review, Volume 10 Number 2 April 2019 Conference proceedings of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 91 Research methodology This research is intended to be a qualitative exploratory research, because the aim of the paper is to deepen the already advanced researches made by (Mandelbrot B., 1997) and Taleb (Taleb N., 2007), focusing on the theory of finance and linking it to the risk management. The research started from the obvious existence of fractals in everything that surrounds us and wishes to show and confirm that patterns exist in economic life and may help the financial decision makers to be aware or prepared for periods of cyclical recession. Literature review Different approach: Fractal versus Gaussian bell Now become understandable that fractals have a more ancient root, which is not only linked to their name, and they always were there, just waited to be discovered. At the beginning of the twentieth century, some mathematicians had created very strange curves and figures that subverted the rules of classical geometry violating the characteristics of harmony considered natural for objects in the scientific field. This is a case of Koch's snowflake (a line which link all corners – figure no.3); Peano-Hilbert curves (a line that unfold a labyrinth which it covers a square – figure no.4); pitted figures, like the Cantor's set (figure no.5); or the Sierpinski's carpet (Figure no. 6). At that time, these structures were considered as monsters to be relegated in a sort of museum of horrors or to be exhibited only in an equestrian circus. Figure no. 3. Koch's Snowflake Figure no. 4. Peano-Hilbert curves Figure no. 5. 3D Cantor's set Figure no. 6. Sierpinski's carpet Thanks to Mandelbrot, the mathematical monsters, previously set aside, were finally considered, assuming a new role of ancestors of modern fractal figures. Fractals were therefore born by recovering pre-existing separate pieces but conceived in limited and distinct contexts. The mathematicians were surprised and pleased to discover that their pathological figures had become the key to the complexity chased for so long. In the last twenty years, fractal models have been investigated, acquiring the role of the key structure in financial modeling. Mathematic in all sectors is The Business and Management Review, Volume 10 Number 2 April 2019 Conference proceedings of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 92 constantly growing from natural sciences to economics and social sciences, from physiology to technology, advanced logistics and their field of application. The fractals theory is also closely linked to the chaos theory. Thanks to the captivating graphic representation that can be obtained with the help of a computer, fractals have also acquired a space in the art world. Therefore, fractal painting and music were born. Beyond their apparently very complex figures, secret of extreme simplicity is hidden. This is perhaps the most surprising aspect of the whole fractal theory. Karl Friedrich Gauss' mathematic formulas and everything that is behind the mathematician is known to a few of us, however its general meaning and usefulness is known to many. Gaussian curve is a curve with a classic bell shape that has a maximum around the average of the measured values and can be more or less narrow depending on the dispersion of the values around the average. The dispersion is measured with the standard deviation: practically one of the properties of the Gaussian is that 68% of the measurements differs from the average less than the standard deviation and that 95% less than two standard deviations. Therefore, the greater the standard deviation, the more the Gaussian it is open and there is the possibility that the average (the highest point) is not representative of many cases. Also, in the case of the Gaussian bell curve (Figure no.7) the area subtended by the curve is 1 because the sum of the probabilities of all the values gives 1, which is the certainty. The Gauss's theory


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This report summarises the complete outbreak timeline and findings, including the association of infection and Pteropus bats, and makes the link to global health security in India.

INTRODUCTION

On 17 May 2018, 12 days after his brother died of a febrile illness, a male patient in his mid-20s visited a hospital in Kozhikode, Kerala, with a fever. One day later, he was dead—but not before his doctors at Baby Memorial Hospital and Kerala's additional director of public health noticed the similarity of the patient's symptoms, which were consistent with encephalitis, to those of his brother who had died days before. NiV was identified as the cause of death from the patient's samples sent to the Manipal Centre for Virus Research (MCVR) (a Grade I Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of the Indian Council of Medical Research; ICMR) at Manipal Academy of Higher Education (deemed University) in Manipal, Karnataka, on May 18. Additional investigation by scientists at the ICMR's National Institute of Virology (NIV, Biosafety Level-4) in Pune, Maharashtra, quickly reconfirmed Nipah as the cause of this outbreak only 2 days after MCVR's initial confirmation. Nipah claimed 21 lives out of 23 cases in the Kozhikode and Mallapuram districts of Kerala, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 88.9% (deaths/laboratory-confirmed cases, 16/18).

NiV is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae , genus Henipavirus and was initially isolated and identified during a 1999 outbreak of encephalitis among pig farmers and people with close …


Candied pumpkin, a traditional Greek dessert, derives by Osmotic Dehydration (OD), followed by air-drying. Appropriate manufacturing procedures require an understanding of factors affecting mass transfer and quality attributes. Mass transfer and diffusion kinetics were studied using Fick's law, including investigation of product quality characteristics (structural, textural and sensorial). The experimental design included the independent variables: blanching time (tbl: 1,3,5 min), blanching temperature (Tbl: 85,90,95°C), osmotic dehydration temperature (Tosm: 75, 85, 95°C) and sugar content in osmotic solution (Cosm: 65, 70, 75°Brix). It was found that the increase of process temperature and sugar content affected both mass transfer and diffusion coefficients. Mass transfer reached a plateau at 150 min. Both textural and structural characteristics were highly dependent on process conditions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a correlation between instrumental and sensorial attributes with process parameters, permitting the optimum conditions to be defined. Such data could be used to optimize and standardize procedures for manufacturing of high quality candied products. *Corresponding author: Giannakourou MG, Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology & Nutrition, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece, Tel: +3


With emergent energy demands along growing concerns over health and ecological issues, have motivated consideration of biomasses derived alternative fuels, such as biodiesel for IC engines. In the current study transesterified waste animal fat was investigated for performance and emission characteristics and compared with mineral diesel. Experiments was performed on a single cylinder four stroke CI engine with constant injection pressure on Kirloskar TV1 having power 3.60 kW @ 1500 rpm. Using these constraints BTE and BSEC are computed. Exhaust emission behavior of such alternative fuels is vital in order to assess suitability for further utilization to compare these uHC, CO, NOx and smoke emission were also measured for all the test fuels. Emission reports indicate higher NOx and lesser CO emissions compared to mineral diesel. The characteristics found to be equivalent with ASTM Standards which is a favorable fuel requirement.


Power generation by waste incineration has become the principal way to treat municipal solid waste(MSW) in many countries. However the problem about gaseous-mercury pollution is serious as a result of trash burning all the time. The emission of methylmercury from waste incineration power plant draws more attention due to higher toxicity of methylmercury than mercury. In order to study the influence of mercury discharge from waste incineration power plant on the surrounding areas, Waste Incineration Power Plant(WSIPP) of Li-Keng in Guangzhou was chosen as the study area. On the basis of analyzing the density and spatial distribution of methylmercury in soil, drops and water around, the influence of methylmercury discharge on the surrounding areas was estimated. Results showed that the concentrations of methylmercury in soils were 145.8~978.3 ng/kg in winter and 19.5~791.5 ng/kg in summer, with average as 532.3 ng/kg and 117.0 ng/kg respectively, indicating that they were all in a state of moderate pollution. Factors of wind direction, terrain and topographical features and land-using types had great influence on methylmercury concentration distribution in surrounding area. Methylmercury in peripheral water body sediments was 84.1~2 216.0 ng/kg, with average as 1 000.3 ng/kg, indicating that the pollution level had a strong bearing on the around industrial development level. Methylmercury in plants around was 20.4~147.4 ng/kg in winter, and 38.5~224.8 ng/kg in summer, with average as 64.5 ng/kg and 63.8 ng/kg respectively. Absorption capacities of different plant leaves for methylmercury varied greatly, for instance,the taro and Chinese Banyan tree were stronger than banana tree, and accumulation ratios of plants were more than 100% in 4 sampling points.


The black matrix composition enhances contrast and colour purity by adding pigment to graphite. Black matrix of colour CRT is composed of 5 wt. vol.% colloidal graphite and pigment, at most 1 wt. vol.% iron, at most 0.5 wt. vol.% detergent, and water. The above pigment includes at least ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and cobalt aluminate (CoOxAl2O3). The range of mixing graphite and pigment is 5:1 to 1:1.


It may be a sad indictment of manufacturing, but in recent years it is the service industries which have been the backbone of the UK economy. But is the management of such an enterprise any easier than that of a manufacturing company?


The inclusion of gender equality in the guiding principles of peacebuilding operations led by the United Nations raises questions of effectivity. Indeed, while the commitment of the international c ...


3D contactless technology based on capacitive coupling represents a promising solution for high-speed and low power signaling in vertically integrated chips. AC coupled interconnects do not suffer from mechanical stress, and the parasitic load is much reduced when compared to standard DC solutions, such as wire bonding and micro bumps. Communication system based on wireless interconnection scheme with transmitter and receiver circuits implemented in 0.13mum CMOS technology and connected to 8x8mum2 electrodes in the upper metal layer of different dies and with face-to-face assembly, makes available a throughput of more than 22Mbps/mum2 with 80muW/Gbps energy consumption.


Summary: Newborn dogs were inoculated intratracheally with 0.5–1.0 x 108 Staphylococcus aureus/g body weight. Neutropenia (490 ± 280 neutrophils/mm3 versus 8,390 ± 490 control, ± S.E., P< 0.001), and depletion of the marrow neutrophil storage pool (3 ± 1% versus 27 ± 2% storage neutrophils P < 0.001) occurred 5–6 h following the inoculation. All animals died at 6–10 h. Additional inoculated pups were selected at random to receive transfusions of either granulocytes, plasma or red blood cells. Granulocyte transfusions (3x109 neutrophils/kg) improved survival (P < 0.005), but plasma and red blood cells did not.Speculation: Previous reports have shown that certain neonates with bacterial sepsis utilize neutrophils more rapidly than they are replaced by the marrow mitotic neutrophil pool. The quantitative neutrophil deficiency thus produced, results in blood neutropenia, reduced neutrophil availability to affected tissues and high mortality. In this study, neonatal dogs were infected experimentally and found to develop neutropenia, depletion of neutrophil reserves, and death. Granulocyte transfusions improved the survival of these animals while plasma or packed red blood cell transfusions did not. Thus, granulocyte transfusion may present a useful therapeutic modality in those septic neonates who are found to have neutropenia and a depleted neutrophil supply.


The wireless networks are experiencing higher delay, higher error rate, and lower bandwidth compared to wired networks. The customers not only need mobility but also quality. It is a great challenge for the service providers to offer Quality of Service (QoS). The QoS parameters are divided into two categories such as Qualitative QoS parameters (reliability, security, etc.) and Quantitative QoS parameters (bandwidth, delay, jitter, etc). The requirements of the above parameters will vary from one application to another application. In this paper, we would like to propose an efficient technique to store the QoS requirements of data transfer and to evaluate the performance of data transfer with respect to delay. Certainly, the outcome of this paper will help to compare the expected QoS requirements with the actual QoS results, to understand performance degradation and to identify the parameters responsible for delay problem.


V LBL-7968 m$B. A MEASUREMENT OF ANISOTROPY IN THE COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION ON A LARGE ANGULAR SCALE AT 33 GHz Marc Victor Gorensteln (Ph. D. thesis) November 1978 Prepared for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract W-740S-ENG-48


Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) applications often employ a mixture of static and dynamic grammar components, and can thus benefit from the ability to efficiently modify the system vocabulary and other parameters in an on-line mode. This paper presents a novel, generic approach to dynamic grammar handling in the context of the Weighted Finite-State Transducer (WFST) paradigm. The method relies on a straightforward extension of the lexicon and underlying grammar components, and leverages the ideas of on-the-fly composition and delayed construction to efficiently generate the recognition search space on-the-fly. The alternative partitioning of component models that this approach implies can also result in significant storage savings. In contrast to previous works in this area, the proposed method relies only on generic WFST operations and the context-dependency, lexicon and grammar components that form the basis of standard ASR cascades.


Deep (+500-m) shear wave velocity (V S ) profiles were developed at 14 sites throughout Christchurch, New Zealand, using a combination of active-and passive-source surface wave testing. The geology of Christchurch is complex and presents several challenges for surface wave testing. Specifically, the complex interlayering of relatively stiff gravels with soft sands, silts, and clays makes (1) the interpretation of experimental dispersion data ambiguous and (2) complicates the determination of appropriate inversion-layering parameterizations. In order to address the first issue, dispersion data uncertainty was quantified and several mode interpretations were considered during inversion. To address the second issue, 155 geotechnical boreholes and 199 geologic well logs in the vicinity of the test sites were used to guide the choice of layering parameterizations such that geologically realistic V S profiles were obtained via surface wave inversion. At each site, a suite of 1,000 V S profiles representing the combined effects of epistemic uncertainty and apparent aleatory variability in V S was obtained. These V S profiles are available on the DesignSafe-CI web site (https://doi.org/10.17603/DS21D4D) and are intended to aid in future seismic site response analyses.


Low-loss and broadband optics is important in optical measurement and imaging. Here, we design an axicon-based beam shaper for low-loss and broadband microscopic optics by numerically calculating the transmittance and focusing performance, assuming an application to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrate the beam shaper equipped in an SRS microscope and confirm that the axicon-based optics increases transmittance without sacrificing spatial resolution or signal intensity.


e22011Background: Childhood neuroblastoma describes a heterogeneous group of extracranial solid tumors. This heterogeneity is reflected in the sequence and variety of treatment modalities administered. We describe the treatment pattern and survival of childhood neuroblastoma patients using population-based data in the United States. Methods: Using the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Patterns of Care data, we examined treatment provided to childhood neuroblastoma patients newly diagnosed in 2010 and 2011 and registered to one of 14 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries. Data were re-abstracted from hospital records and treating physicians were contacted to verify the treatment given. Stratifying by the Children's Oncology Group (COG)'s 3-level (low, intermediate and high) neuroblastoma risk classification system for therapeutic decision-making, gave a snapshot of community-based treatment patterns. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were also performed. Results: The majority of...


The notion of a self-sustaining economy is one which we have taken for granted for generations, but it is a notion which is losing currency in the face of many modern challenges. The present article attempts to identify some of those challenges, and by so doing, illustrate that sustainable development is not simply an outgrowth of environmentalism. Rather it is an opportunity to re-appraise our processes and products to minimise their lifecycle cost, and create new markets in rapidly industrialising markets such as China and India.


Accurate positions of some sensor nodes need to be calculated within wireless sensor network (WSN) in many applications, such as environmental monitoring system. This paper aims at the location method of sensor nodes in small scale WSN application scenarios; several kinds of traditional positioning methods are discussed. The main contribution of this work is to propose an algorithm based on the energy attenuation model with transmitting distance, and then design a communication frame for rapid positioning on the basis of ZigBee protocol stack correspondently. The algorithm is easily applied in small scale area networks. Its quality is verified in the actual environment, the result shows that the positioning accuracy is within 2 meters; the relative error is less than 3% in small scale area of open environment.


Science festivals are gaining popularity as informal science education (ISE) events. With support from the Science Fes- tival Alliance and Arkansas State University (A-State), we launched the inaugural Arkansas Science Festival in Octo- ber 2014. Few science festivals are held in rural areas such as the upper Mississippi Delta, A-State's home, so challenges were expected. Our local and campus communities enthusi- astically came together to host events over eight consecutive days. Beginning with school groups attending the opening performance of ArcAttack's singing Tesla coils, through the Science Expo's dozens of hands-on activities, displays and performances, and events in between, we attracted over 2000 participants to our festival. Here we describe the challenges and successes of the first ever Arkansas Science Festival, and how even with a limited budget in a rural setting, we engaged participants in ISE activities.


Beekeeping has been contributing to the household income, employment, poverty alleviation and national economy through export. Ethiopia is the leading honey and beeswax producer in Africa. Honey and beeswax products are part of the apiculture market, which encompasses a wide range of products, from primary commodities to highly processed, high value consumer goods.   However, various researchers revealed that the productivity, quality and marketing of honey and beeswax should be improved. This review paper also tried to address productivity and marketing volume of honey; and constraints and opportunities of honey production and marketing in Ethiopia. Income from the sector is minimal, primarily due to low productivity and poor quality, but also because of limited market access, which forces producers to sell locally at low prices. Honey production is frequently promoted as a pro-poor income generation activity as it is accessible to many members of a rural community, has low start-up costs and requires little land or labor. Factors have kept Ethiopian honey production from reaching its full market potential  are backward technology for honey production; which includes traditional beehives and results in low quantity and poor quality of honey produced, lack of financial resources (such as access to loans) for beekeepers to obtain modern beehives. Therefore, the government policy dimension on commercialization of agriculture and major emphasis on beekeeping subsector stimulates the intensive involvement of small scale farmers as well as traders in honey production, productivity, processing and marketing. Keywords: Honey, Productivity, pro-poor, Nutritional value DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-5-04 Publication date :May 31 st 2019


Media are tools that are used to convey messages from communicators to the public. Public relations can not be separated from the media, because public relations needs media to publication the information about the company or organization. In the process of its performance, the Cilincing District Health Center certainly needs to convey information to its audience whether it is necessary to receive programs, services and so on. This does not include media information for programs and such information. This study aims to analyze the role of public relations in Instagram social media as a publication to improve community services in the Cilincing District Health Center. The research method in this study is qualitative, with descriptive research using case studies. Data collection techniques in this study by conducting in-depth interviews, observation, discipline and literature. The role of public relations is the role of expert advisors, the role of communication facilitators, the role of problem solving process facilitators, and the role of communication technicians. Public relations are active in utilizing Instagram as a publication tool in the Cilincing District Health Center, through the results related to the community relations role of the Cilincing District Health Center only.


In modern history, because of the special geography position and the relationship with Beijing, Tianjin became the front battlefield invaded in the aspect of politics, military affairs, economy and even culture by western great powers. The situation objectively made Tianjin be a city mixed with the characteristics of eastern buildings and western buildings. The development value of Tianjin modern western buildings is analyzed, meanwhile, the function of them in creating tourism brand of Tianjin is briefly expatiated.


This paper reports the results of a study undertaken to determine if dividing a traditional dictionary catalog would result in an increase in the effective use of university library catalogs. Two catalogs-one in dictionary arrangement, the other divided into subject and non-subject entries_-were selected and the appropriate sections matched. Participants were chosen at random from the undergraduate population of the two universities. The results indicated that, for a series of questions representing different levels of difficulty, a change in arrangement from dictionary to divided would not materially assist college undergraduates in finding subject references.


The use of hollow glass waveguides (reflectively coated or uncoated) in combination with simple, inexpensive hollow linear tapers as a replacement for lenses enables the construction of a delivery system that can be used for radiation from terahertz to x-rays. The simplicity of the hollow taper as a replacement for a lens has numerous practical advantages for handling radiation outside the near infrared-visible region. Hollow tapers using grazing-incidence reflection can concentrate the radiation like a lens, but have no reflective Fresnel surface losses. In addition, both the point of highest intensity and its area are known and fixed in space. The power density is easily measured. When used as a focusing lens for material irradiation, the precise power density is uniform and can be delivered to a precise location. These simple waveguide elements already show promise for delivery of a spectrum of radiation from terahertz to x-rays. They work very well especially with collimated sources where grazing incidence reflection keeps the throughput high. As coherent x-ray lasers become a reality, better transmission will result enabling a wide spectrum of applications especially in medicine.


The large number of flight critical and maintenance intensive dynamic components in a helicopter has led to the development of diagnostic systems to improve flight safety and reduce operations and support costs. These systems, commonly called health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS), have been used on large commercial helicopters and are now being developed for military helicopters. US Navy embarked on an innovative approach to fielding an integrated mechanical diagnostic system for Navy helicopters. An accelerated program was started to field a militarized version of a commercial health and usage monitoring system for the CH-53E and SH-60B helicopters. An open systems architecture is critical to the military implementation of HUMS technology on multiple platforms. An open system architecture is essential for system upgrades and for the introduction of the broad range of new technologies as they become available from a number of different sources. Through significant team effort and participation, the IMD-KUMS program is successfully navigating the often-turbulent waters of open system architecture implementation. This paper will provide details on some of the lessons learned from both an industry and government perspective and provide a program status update.


For the majority of robots, the environment around them is built from rigid bodies. However, we know that there are many elastic and deformable objects around us, so the robots should have a way of perceiving them. The best way to achieve this is through direct interaction with the environment - haptic sensing. In our work, we are addressing a problem of haptic material classification. In order to do that we used novel Deep Neural Network architecture which is able to deal with long signal sequences. For the challenging dataset from the legged robot, we achieved a 97.96 % classification accuracy. The paper begins with a short introduction followed by the related work section. Afterwards, the details of our method are given. Next, the datasets used in the research are presented. Then, the obtained results are discussed. Finally, concluding remarks and future work plans are given.


We demonstrate InGaAs tri-gate MOSFETs with an on-current of I<inf>ON</inf> = 650 μA/μm at V<inf>DD</inf> = 0.5 V and I<inf>OFF</inf> = 100 nA/μm, enabled by an inverse subthreshold slope of SS = 66 mV/decade and transconductance of gm = 3 mS/μm, a Q-factor of 45. This is the highest reported Ion for both Si-based and III-V MOSFETs. These results continue to push III-V MOSFET experimental performance towards its theoretical limit. We find an improvement in SS from 81 to 75 mV/dec. as the effective oxide thickness (EOT) is scaled down from 1.4 to 1 nm, as well as improvements in SS, gd and DIBL from reducing the nanowire width. We also find that electron mobility remains constant as the width is scaled to 18 nm.


The unique structure and properties of carbon nanotubes in recent years becomes a hot topic in materials science research,but the problem of wetting between carbon nanotubes and matrix first need to be resolved.In this article,chemical plating on carbon nanotubes is introduced,in order to improve the wetting property.


Objective To find the cells in myocardium controlling in cardiomyogenic differentiation of marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).Methods Rat marrow derived-MSCs,cardiomyocytes(CM)and endothelial cells(EC)were isolated and cultured,then MSCs were incubated with the CM or EC or cultured alone after labeled by 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine(BrdU)for 72 hours.The cells were identified by morphology,immunocytochemistry and double immunocytochemistry.Results More than 95% of the cells isolated and cultured belonged to MSCs,CM or EC.Incubated with CM,most MSCs labeled by BrdU showed cardiomyocyte-like morphology.After 4 weeks of cultivation,positive staining of double immunocytochemistry of BrdU and Sarcomeric Actin or Connexin-43(CX-43)were observed in 44% cells.However,there was no obvious change in morphology and no positive staining of double immunocytochemistry was recorded in MSCs incubated with EC or cultured alone after 1、2、3 and 4 weeks of cultivation.Conclusion MSCs can differentiate into cardiomyogenic cells in cardiomyocyte microenvironment and cardiomyocytes may play a crucial role in the differentiation.


Electrochromism was studied with Nb20~ layers prepared by thermal oxidation of niobium. The Nb~O~ layers are crystalline and the morphology and thickness of these films play an important role in the response of electrochromic process. Cyclic vol tammetry and chronopotentiometry were carried out together with ellipsometric measurements in electrochromic region. ESCA spectra of the electroreduced oxide suggest that Nb(V) is reduced to a lower valence state such as Nb(IV), and a chemical bond is formed between H § inserted into the oxide and O -2 of the oxide. For Nb205 films the coloration is due to a simultaneous injection of electrons and H § ions. The phenomenon of electrochromism in various oxide films is under active investigation due to the importance of these materials for passive alphanumeric displays. Elect rochromism has been reported in a number of transition metal oxides and hydroxides such as WO3 (1-5), T i Q (6), Ir(OH)~ (7), Nb205 (8), V205 (9), and NiOxHy (10). The change of color in these oxides is induced during a cathodic polarization by a double injection mechanism: positive ions in the solution are injected into the oxide phase at the interface with the solution and electrons are injected at the opposite interface with the current collector. During the anodic bleaching cycle these species are ejected from the oxide by the reverse process. It has been proposed that the coloration of these films occurs according to thefol lowing reaction yA + + ye+ MOx ~ AyMOx where MOx is the electrochromic material and A § is a mobile cation such as H § or other monovalent cation (e.g., Li § Na § or Ag+). Niobium pentoxide is a potential system to be used in displays because it is insoluble in many media and shows a reversible coloring and bleaching behavior. The electrochromism in Nb205 films was first reported by Reichman and Bard (8), who observed a reversible electrochemical response with a delay from 1 to 2s for the change of color. The authors have proposed that the coloration process in aqueous and acetonitrlle solutions occurs either by niobium bronze formation (by analogy with the tungsten bronzes) or by the reduction of Nb(V) to Nb(IV). In a previous paper (11) we have reported the values of the chemical diffus ion coefficient of H § in Nb20~ films, determined by the galvanostatic intermitent titration technique. The analysis of the structure by x-ray diffraction indicates structural changes of the oxide film after the electroreduction process. In the present paper we describe the electrochromic process with Nb205 electrodes obtained by thermal oxidation of niobium metal. These Nb205 layers are crystalline and show good electrochromic response. The behavior of the system was investigated using different electrochemical techniques associated with ell ipsometry and the structural changes of Nb205 electrodes were investigated by ESCA spectroscopy. Experimental Electrodes.--The Nb~O5 working electrodes were prepared with niobium rod (CBMM-99.8% w/w), previously * Electrochemical Society Active Member. annealed at 1500~ (vacuum 10 -3 mm Hg) for 2h. Before the formation of the Nb20~ film the rod was polished with sandpaper 400, rinsed with distilled water, and dried with a stream of nitrogen. The Nb20~ films were prepared by heating the Nb rod in air at 580~ as the film thickness depends on the t ime the samples stay in the furnace. The Nb205 layers obtained were white in color and their thickness changed from 7 to 20 ~tm, as estimated by weighing them before and after oxidation and confirmed by measuring the thickness of oxide layer of the samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical contact within the Nb205 electrode was made by scraping off part of the oxide and contact established with a Cu wire by a layer of mercury. The rod was included in Teflon and the exposed geometric area of electrode for electrochemical measurements was 0.28 cm 2. The oxide films were identified by x-ray diffraction analysis (11). All potentials were measured against a Hg/Hg2SO4/1M H~SO4 reference electrode. A fritted glass tube was used to separate the platinum wire counterelectrode from the main cell compartment. Reagents and solutions.--The solutions were prepared with H2SO4 (Merck, p.a.) and doubly distilled water. The electrolyte was deoxygenated by bubbling nitrogen for lh before the beginning of the experiments. During the experiments nitrogen gas was passed over the surface of the solution. The experiments were performed at 25~ Instrumentation.--For electrochemical measurements a Model 173 PAR potentiostat, a Model 175 PAR programmer, and a Model 50000 Bryans X-Y-t recorder were used. XPS measurements were carried out using a McPherson Company ESCA-36 spectrometer with A1 Ks radiation. The pressure in the spectrometer chamber was 10 -7 torr. Binding energies were calibrated using C ls (285.0 eV) as reference. The ell ipsometer used in this study was a homemade automatic photometric instrument controlled by an eight-bit microcomputer (12). It was based on the ellipsometer described by Aspnes (13) and uses a He-Ne laser as light source. The ellipsometric data were taken with the light at an angle of incidence of 70 ~ with respect to the sample. In order to minimize the polarization effects of the cell optical windows the light beam has to be at normal incidence at the window. The cell windows were thermally treated to reduce stress. Results and Discussion Typical cyclic vol tammograms of the 7.6 ~tm layer of Nb2Os, obtained by thermal oxidation of Nb in air, are J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 137, No. 10, October 1990 9 The Electrochemical Society, Inc. 3067 ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 18.104.22.168 Downloaded on 2014-11-25 to IP 3068 J. Electrochem. Sac., Vol. 137, No. 10, Oc tober 1990 9 The Electrochemical Society, Inc.


- A multi-surrogate fuel known as Bannersol consisting of C 10 to C 14 constituents which are representative classes of hydrocarbon found in Jet fuel is investigated in a newly designed pneumatically release rapid compression machine refer as SHEF-PRRCM. The study was carried out at lean and stoichiometric conditions within the compressed temperature range, Tc of 723 K– 847 K. The influence of pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio was seen on the oxidation of Bannersol. The results showed that at the conditions studied no evidence of the onset of the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) and two-stage ignition behaviour was observed. A comparison of Bannersol with Jet A-1 showed that Banner has higher reactivity than Jet A-1 mainly attributed to the paraffinic content of Bannersol.


Locust is one of serious outbreak agricultural pest in Xinjiang;there are close relations between locust outbreak and meteorological condition.The effects of temperature,rainfall and sunshine hours on locust infestation in the west of Aletai in Xinjiang were examined by methods of composition analysis and anomaly analysis during 1991-2008.The results indicated that: in summer and autumn,high temperature and lack rainfall is conducive to the growth and development of locusts,and low temperature and raininess is not conducive to the occurrence of locusts.Less snow in winter is also not conducive to the occurrence of locusts.Besides,we carried on mutation examination by Mann-Kendall methods to the locust outbreak area in the three counties of western Aletai.Finally,we analyzed the future trend of locusts outbreak area in the three counties by R/S method.


Experiential learning teaching system for tourist management course must be established,in order to adapt the tourist requirements for personnel's greater operation ability and wider adaptability.This artical probes into the construction of experiential learning teaching system in the aspects of the connotation,purpose and the way to administer,based on the actual situations of higher tourism education,to solve the present prevalent problem that teaching departs from practice in higher tourism education.


Digital transformation is one of the most evolving areas both in the research literature and in industrial applications. No doubt that this process will be crucial in the survival of any manufacturing organisation in the future, especially during the current COVID-19 crisis. This paper aims to present a review of the concept in the manufacturing industry through the literature currently available on the topic. The literature was classified, and the results of each study were analysed. From this review, six critical findings have been identified in this paper. First, this paper proposes a definition of Digital Transformation and its concept development in the manufacturing industry. Moreover, significant challenges that exist in the manufacturing industry in the implementation of the digital transformation process have been classified as well as the major enabling technologies that help to implement the Digital Transformation. Finally, the benefits of implementing Digital Transformation in the manufacturing industry and its impact on the manufacturing ecosystem have been highlighted. Following a comprehensive review of the literature, future research directions are formulated to identify abundant research opportunities.


Internet of things (IoT) is connected world of capabilities and services that enable interaction among physical objects supported by technologies such as sensors, RFID, wireless, mobile, cloud and internet. In this paper we analyze the drivers for IT services to use IoT and challenges involved and establish the need for accelerators. Various service applications can be built using IoT in all the verticals to improve process efficiency and productivity. We propose IoT Application Accelerator in this paper which is a light-weight IoT platform that can be used to rapidly prototype, develop and deploy value-added IoT applications, solutions and services. This paper highlights the case studies developed using the application accelerator platform and highlights the technical enablers such as analytics, machine learning, big data and cloud for rapid IoT services, business offerings and benefits.


Security incidents created during the security continuous monitoring process (ISCM, NIST 800-137 [1]) can be a valuable source for improving company processes and an efficient reference for budget planning if used correctly. The idea presented in this article was created from years of experience in monitoring NIST 800-53 [2] controls, among others, where often the processes in place did not address the root cause of the problem but rather added suppressions to the detection rule. This article discusses how security incidents can be tracked to focus on company improvements and strategically create statistical values. It is a suggestion for a structured resolution approach, inspired by the Post-Incident Activity—Lessons Learned phase by NIST 800-61 [3].


Modern mass media significantly influence the perception of certain social groups. Journalistic standards require adherence to the principle of language tolerance, avoid words and expressions that contribute to the formation of negative stereotypes. In this context, the study of age names used in the media is relevant. This aspect of research on language tolerance is not in the focus of special interest of researchers, in particular, given the deep rootedness of names with pejorative semes in everyday vocabulary in various fields, so speakers do not think about the meaning of tokens. The result is the formation of a negative, to some extent discriminatory stereotype of the elderly. The study found that the Ukrainian media use the phrases "person of sloping age", "old person", "elderly person", "grandma", "grandpa", "person of respectable age", "person in years", "person of the third age", "pensioner", "long-lived", while the word "senior" was not found in the analyzed texts. When referring to people of the same age, these words, however, differently mark these people, in particular, the phrase "person of sloping age", which is an official term, has negative connotations and, accordingly, forms the image of the elderly as a passive member of society. At the same time, it should be noted that the media seek to avoid this phrase, which is not always possible given its official status. For naming it is necessary to choose words and phrases that have a positive color or are neutral, indicate the experience of the older person, respect and esteem for her. Consistent adherence to the principles of language tolerance could result in a rethinking of official age-related terminology, breaking the negative stereotype of the older person as a passive, sick, incapacitated person for whom all the best is left in the past. By shaping the image of an older person as a socially active person, the media could contribute not only to changes in public opinion, but also to a new awareness by older people of their way of life and their capabilities.


A research study was undertaken to evaluate whether electron beam welding (EBW) or gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) could be utilized for repairs to the leading edges of the Turmo IV C compressor blades. These blades are manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V. The study entailed performing a series of welding trials. For the GTAW process a matching filler metal to the parent metal was used, whereas for the EBW process, the welds were made autogenously. After metallographic examination of the weld microstructure, mechanical property assessments were undertaken, namely tensile and fatigue tests, the latter being a stringent test to evaluate the performance of the welded joint. The results demonstrated that the EB welds had equivalent properties to the parent metal, whereas the GTA welds had poorer fatigue properties due to undesirable microstructure that resulted in the weld zone. The results achieved herein showed that the EBW process would be an appropriate technique for the restoration of these compressor blades.


Quantification of residual stress gradients can provide great improvements in understanding the complex interactions between microstructure, mechanical state, mode(s) of failure and structural integrity. Highly focused local probe non-destructive techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction or Raman spectroscopy have an established track record in determining spatial variations of the relative changes in residual stress with respect to a reference state for many structural materials. However, the interpretation of these measurements in terms of absolute stress values requires a strain-free sample often difficult to obtain due to the influence of chemistry, microstructure or processing route. With the increasing availability of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) instruments, a new approach has been developed known as the micro-scale ring-core Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation (FIB-DIC). This technique is becoming the principal tool for quantifying absolute in-plane residual stresses. It can be applied to a broad range of materials: crystalline and amorphous metallic alloys and ceramics, polymers, composites and biomaterials. The precise nanoscale positioning and well-defined gauge volume


Generally, internal energy dissipation associated with tidal deformation and physical libration of a planetary body depends on its internal structure, especially viscosity structure. Here magnitude of the tidal dissipation is mainly represented by the quality factor (Q) and the Love number (k 2 ). These values inevitably depend on its viscosity structure, and thus, give us clues of its thermal state and history. deformation are performed based on more realistic interior structure, and then, its calculation results are compared with pre-existing results derived from selenodetic observation. Concretely speaking, by em-ploying the density and elasticity structures from seismic inversion, and by defining the viscosity of the asthenosphere as a free parameter, Q and k 2 are calculated. The knowledge of seismology also indicates the presence of a strong attenuation zone at the lower-most part of the lunar mantle. The viscosity in this zone is probably lower than that in the upper part. Therefore, this study prepares two extreme viscosity structures for the sake of simplification. One is the case in which the viscosity of the asthenosphere is regarded to be uniform and changed over several orders of magnitude in this parameter study. The other is the case in which just the viscosity of the high attenuation zone is changed over the same range. After that, by comparing the result for each of the above cases with the observational values obtained from Kaguya, Chang'e-1, and LRO, it is examined whether the viscosity value satisfying Q and k 2 at the same time is admissible or not. numerical As a conclusion, the seismic attenuation zone inside the lunar interior is probably equivalent to the low viscosity zone.


The proper disposal of steel slag has always been a great challenge for the metallurgical industry in China and around the world. In this work, the steel slag aggregate (SSA) was surface pretreated (PSSA) and applied into asphalt mixture. The adhesive behavior between the bitumen and five different types of aggregates (i.e., limestone, diorite, diabase, SSA, PSSA) were evaluated based on the contact angle and binder bond strength tests. The pavement performance of three asphalt mixtures which contain normal aggregate, SSA and PSSA respectively, was analyzed by Marshall stability test, wheel-tracking rutting test, low-temperature bending creep test and water sensitivity test. The results showed that surface modification can improve the surface properties of SSA, reduce its contact angle with bitumen, and eventually lead to the improvement of adhesion between them. In addition to the satisfied low-temperature properties, PSSA was found to significantly improve the anti-rutting property and reduce the water sensitivity of asphalt mixture. This work is expected to promote an alternative application for recycling of SSA in pavement engineering.


This paper proposes a method for calculating windage power losses of spiral bevel gears by dividing the losses into the sum of windage effects on tooth surface, toe/heel, conical surface, and circumferential surface, according to the gear structure. A calculation model for each component of windage losses is established based on the basic equation of fluid dynamics. Subsequently, a windage loss measurement test bench is developed, and a windage moment measurement method is proposed for experimental spiral bevel gears. The individual contributions of each windage loss component are calculated. The results of the calculations indicate that the gear speed is the primary factor that impacts windage losses, with the windage power loss being proportional to the 2.96th power of gear speed. Gear geometry parameters and the jet flow impacting the tooth surface are also significant factors, followed by the hub and spoke values in the wheel body parameters. The findings also show that an increase in lubricating oil content in oil-gas two-phase flow can significantly increase windage losses. Finally, a comparison between the dimensionless windage calculation values and the experimental measurement values demonstrates good agreement. This paper provides theoretical guidance for future research aimed at reducing windage power loss and improving the efficiency of aviation gear transmission.


Two experiments tested the hypothesis that members of negatively stereotyped groups psychologically disengage their self-esteem from feedback received in stereotype-relevant domains. In both experiments, African American and European American college students received performance feedback on a bogus intelligence test and completed measures of self-esteem. In Experiment 1, European American students had higher self-esteem after success than after failure, whereas African American students had similar levels of self-esteem regardless of feedback. Whether the test had been described as racially biased or culturally fair had no effect. Experiment 2 examined the extent to which lesser responsivity among African Americans is the result of chronic disengagement from intelligence tests or situational disengagement initiated by priming racial stereotypes. Results indicate that both chronic disengagement and racial priming engender less responsivity to negative performance feedback among African American, but not European American, students. Performance expectancies, self-evaluations, and beliefs about test bias are discussed as possible mediators of this relationship.


Background Warts are one of the most common infections in humans. Plantar warts are a subtype of non-genital warts, and several procedures and topical treatments have been used in its treatment. Cryotherapy is one of the most popular modalities, but it is time-consuming and remission rates vary in different studies. CO2 laser was the first laser used for treating warts. To date, no clinical trial has been done to compare CO2 laser with cryotherapy in the treatment of plantar warts. Patients and Methods This randomized controlled trial was performed in order to compare the efficacy and number of sessions needed to treat plantar warts in 60 patients who had received no previous treatment in the previous 3 months. They were randomly allocated to the cryotherapy or CO2 laser group. The number of sessions needed for response and the recurrence rate after a 3-month follow-up was compared in the 2 groups. Results Sixty patients with plantar warts were randomly allocated to either the CO2 laser or cryotherapy groups. Median age was 25 (range=18–53) and 27 (range= 18–75) years in the cryotherapy group and CO2 laser groups, respectively. Both groups were matched for age and sex (56% male and 44% female in the cryotherapy group and 34% male and 66% female in the CO2 laser group). The median number of sessions needed for complete resolution of the warts in the CO2 laser and cryotherapy groups were 1 (range=1–2) and 3 (range=1–12), respectively. The difference in the number of sessions was statistically significant between the 2 groups (P-value≤0.001). Recurrence rates after a 3-month follow-up was not statistically significant (P-value= 0.069). Conclusion The number of sessions needed to treat plantar warts was less using CO2 laser than cryotherapy; therefore, this modality can be a good addition to the already existing anti-wart armamentarium.


The present disclosure, according to some embodiments, a pump, for example, a method of fluid delivery to the patient using the gas generated is not DC DC electroosmotic pump, a device and a system. In some embodiments, the delivery of the aqueous fluid, (i) a cathode, for example, a cathode comprising the coated porous carbon with a coating containing cerium oxide, (ii) an anode, for example, a coating containing cerium oxide an anode comprising a coated porous carbon, (iii) a ceramic membrane, for example, silica spheres uncoated, fused silica spheres coated with phosphosilicate, or fusing the coated fused silica spheres of borosilicate a ceramic film formed by, by contacting an aqueous liquid to the electro-osmotic pump and a ceramic membrane fusion spheres are packed irregularly between the cathode and the anode, and / or optionally, (a ) as the aqueous liquid is pumped, a constant potential difference or a constant voltage of about 0.1V to about 3V between the anode and the cathode of about 3V to about 0.1V between an anode and a cathode Or (b) as an aqueous liquid is pumped, by applying a constant current to cause a potential difference of about 0.1V to about 3V between the anode and the cathode, it can be realized.


The temperature uniformity and heating efficiency in a high-temperature epitaxial growth system were investigated by modeling and simulating. The finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the distribution of magnetic field and temperature field in the reactor of growth system. The simulation results showed that due to the skin effect and heat conduction in the conventional susceptor, the temperature distribution of the wafer on the susceptor is not uniform. However, the temperature uniformity of the wafer can be greatly improved by adding an air gap below the wafer. The existence of air gap effectively reduced the temperature on the center of the wafer, and the effect of its radius on temperature uniformity was studied. By calculating different frequencies and coil currents, the temperature and heating rate in the reactor with modified susceptor were investigated. The results indicated that higher temperature and faster heating rate can be obtained by increasing heating frequency and coil current. However, both lower and higher frequency will bring worse temperature uniformity.


Fibre reinforced composites are widely used in various sectors such as aerospace, wind energy and automotive. Due to its versatility and low cost for rapid prototyping and production applications, additive manufacturing technology has grown exponentially over the past few years. In this paper, performances of glass fibre and carbon fibre reinforced composites in additive manufacturing are reviewed from the perspective of mechanical properties. From the review, the reinforcements generally improve mechanical properties, in particular for tensile modulus and tensile strength. The paper presents a benchmark of additive manufacturing technologies for composite material as well as the spotlights of further research in the usage of carbon and glass fibres in rapid prototyping processes.


This paper analyzed and described the computational structure of software process(SP) by mathematical semantics,and established a practical computing prototype tree.On the basis of that,fulfilled modularized processing of computational structure and establishment of modularized expansion formula.Converted the computing of software process from node operator computing to modular operator computing.


Integrated modeling is thus required to get the full performance of the plasma, including divertor protection requirements. Of the latter, the most basics are: divertor temperature below the W (or say metal coating) sputtering limit, and divertor heat fluxes below the melting limit. The detached regime is the most favorable to get these conditions, and it is thus used as a "constraint" in searching for the design parameters. It is also mandatory to use 1D transport codes since 0D core scalings are often leading to unrealistic values of some parameters.


The Historic Monuments Council is pleased to have the opportunity to comment on and respond to the Draft Plan Strategy. The Historic Monuments Council is a statutory council appointed to advise the Department for Communities on the exercise of its powers under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (NI) Order (HMAO) 1995. It is consulted by the Department in relation to policy, the Scheduling of Monuments, Monuments in State Care and the identification of Areas of Significant Archaeological Interest (ASAIs). Membership of the Council is diverse, representing a wide range of public interests complemented by a number of senior archaeologists (including the Chair) with professional and heritage management expertise.


Two isolates, 365-4 and 1096, and the five races of Venturia inaequalis were used to investigate the effects of various factors on conidium production on filter paper cylinders standing in liquid synthetic media. The isolates and races varied significantly in conidium production and there was a large variation among tests done on different days. Varying the concentration of conidia used as inoculum and the age of cultures from which the inoculum was derived did not affect conidium production. Making single conidium transfers every 6 mo did not consistently enhance conidium formation in all isolates and races. Conidium yields were optimum between 16 and 19 days at a temperature of 16 C. The concentrations of glucose, nitrogen, KH2PO4, and MgSO4 required for optimum conidium production were not critical.


High performance architectures for the data intensive and latency restrained applications can be achieved by maximizing both parallelism and pipelining. In this paper, the CORDIC based hardware primitives of 3-D rotation with high throughput 3-D vector interpolation are presented. The proposed architecture for 3-D vector interpolator, which is based on the redundant CORDIC arithmetic, has been implemented by VLSI and achieve up to energy saving without image quality degradation. The graphic system is power-aware.


Energy band structure of GaInAsP/InP compressively strained membrane quantum wires is theoretically studied using 8 band k.p method. Redistribution of elastic strain relaxation due to etching away of lower and upper InP clad layers in membrane quantum wires is considered in the calculation. It is found that strain redistribution increases the effective bandgap of membrane quantum wire structures causing a blue shift of the emission frequency. Comparison with effective bandgap calculation using a bulk-like approach neglecting confinement and band mixing demonstrates that neglect of these effects leads to an over-estimation of the change in the bandgap


Previous research has identified that six factors (each of which comprises numerous variables) impact upon plant operator productivity. These factors are: daily workload, motivation, management, maintenance, education and training, and stress and fatigue. In order to explore and better understand the complex interrelationships that exist between these factors, an iterative empirical examination of each (in turn) was undertaken. This article reports on analysis of the first of these factors (daily workload), which comprises 51 variables identified from earlier pilot studies. A field study practical experiment and follow-on questionnaire were used as the data capture mechanisms. The experiment produced productivity time data, while the questionnaire yielded a mixture of interval (Likert scale) and Boolean data. The standard deviation technique was utilized to define and delineate the boundaries of the dependent variable (excavation time) into good, average and poor categories of plant operator production performance. A generalized feed-forward artificial neural network model was then created to simulate plant operators' productivity. Cumulatively, outputs derived from mean squared error, confusion matrix and correlation coefficients highlighted that the developed model is reasonably accurate, although further improvement to classification performance could be made. Finally, sensitivity analysis revealed the impact that each independent variable had upon predicting the dependent variable while also identifying which were non-significant in terms of being predictors. The latter exercise confirmed that 19 of the original 51 variables could satisfactorily categorize operator production performance.


It is a brand-new theoretical proposition to determine the socialist political civilization as a major objective for constructing an overall well-to-do society.By considering the actual situation of United Front work,the writer discusses the relations between the United Front and socialist political civilization,the position and roles of the United Front in construction of socialist political civilization and the ways and measures to take by the United Front to serve the construction of socialist political civilization.


Mobile manipulators are attractive in industrial warehouses as they are capable of interacting safely with humans, they can navigate in operational spaces and they can be reconfigured for different tasks, thus overcoming limitations of fixed robot cells. This paper presents a comparative analysis of collaborative robots mounted on a mobile base for depalletization tasks in tight spaces due to storage racks. An experimental evaluation is reported in a simulated environment using a geometric motion planner with different robot configurations. Results indicate that the choice of the most appropriate robot to perform a depalletization task is not trivial as it depends on many factors. Therefore, conducting a simulation using motion planning is an effective strategy to evaluate the performance of different robots.


The methodological bases of correction of lexical component of speech of junior schoolchildren with severe speech disorders at reading lessons are considered in the article, the maintenance of the developed experimental technique is substantiated. The principles, directions, tasks of correction of lexical skills and abilities of junior schoolchildren are determined. The author analyzes the operations and stages of formation of reading skills in junior high school students. It is determined that lexical work is carried out at different stages of work with the text. The directions of correctional-preventive and developmental process aimed at improving lexical-semantic skills in junior schoolchildren in the conditions of inclusion are revealed, namely: formation of understanding and use of different meanings of words, formation of lexical system and organization of semantic fields, formation of understanding of lexical and lexico-stylistic means and methods of expressing the content of works of art. The author identifies and characterizes the tasks of lexical and semantic work that are implemented in reading lessons in primary school. It is established that the implementation of the outlined tasks is impossible without taking into account psychophysiological (taking into account the structure of the defect, use as a support for learning compensatory capabilities and structures of speech activity) and psychological and pedagogical (clarity, accessibility, consistency, systematicity, individual approach, corrective orientation of teaching and education) principles. Theoretical provisions that were the basis of the method of correction of the lexical side of speech in children of primary school age with severe speech disorders are revealed. The requirements for the selection of speech material for the correction of lexical and semantic skills in primary school children with severe speech disorders in the conditions of inclusion, namely its compliance with the program requirements of the section «Reading» in younger students with severe speech disorders, the presence of tokens in the area of actual or immediate development of the child, taking into account the availability, interests, main activities. It is noted that improving the effectiveness of remedial education of students of a certain category is impossible without taking into account age, level of intellectual development, students' ability to acquire knowledge, the ability to combine observation with their own experience. Key words: lexical abilities, lexical constituent, are junior schoolboys, heavy violations of broadcasting, correction.


The invention provides a highway mobile monitoring facility which is established in a central isolation zone of a highway. A mobile monitoring system can be used for continuously monitoring a charged road segment, related data, videos, audios and the like are transmitted to a monitoring room or a monitoring branch center in real time, the mobile monitoring system is stopped at a designated place according to the instruction of the monitoring room or the monitoring branch center to send out the information such as the audios on the spot, and the purposes of remote guiding and commanding are achieved. The highway mobile monitoring facility is characterized in that a main rod in an elevated mechanism is arranged in the central isolation zone of the highway, a track is arranged at the top end of the main rod, positioning tracks are arranged on the two sides of the main rod, and a power supply mechanism is arranged beside the track or the positioning tracks. The mobile monitoring system is arranged on the track, directional edge wheels on the two sides of the mobile monitoring system are in contact with the positioning tracks, and the power supply mechanism is used for supplying power to the mobile monitoring system.


A 45-year-old male cardiac transplant patient (one of 58 such subjects taking part in an ongoing pilot project involving Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, England, and the Toronto Rehabilitation Centre, Canada) was given a medically prescribed 11-month endurance-type (walking/jogging) rehabilitation ex


The large number and variety of antibiotic resistance genes found in gene cassettes associated with class 1 integrons in multiply antibiotic-resistant organisms have always indicated the existence of a large pool of gene cassettes from which they are drawn (10). The discovery of integrons, sometimes harboring very large arrays of gene cassettes, in the chromosomes of many different bacteria has confirmed the existence of this pool, but to date very few cassettes containing resistance genes have been found among these cassettes. Known examples are the catB9 (12) and blaP7 (blaP9) (7, 8) cassettes found in the cassette arrays of different Vibrio cholerae strains.

Though 3-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferases [AAC(3) enzymes] have been classified into several groups based on differences in the spectrum of aminoglycosides they modify, they fall into only two groups based on the relationships between the proteins (6). The five characterized aacC genes found in gene cassettes (see Table Table1)1) encode proteins of 154 to 158 amino acids that are related to one another and form family A (6). They belong to the aac(3)-I phenotypic group and confer resistance to gentamicin, sisomicin, and fortimicin but not to tobramycin, amikacin, or kanamycin (1, 3, 6, 11, 13, 15).

TABLE 1.

aacC-A genes and gene cassettes

Our recent searches have revealed further potential aacC-A-type genes (Table (Table1).1). One is in a cassette found in a class 1 integron, but three of them are in draft sequences of bacterial genomes. The aacC-A7 gene in the complete Saccharophagus degradans (formerly Microbulbifer degradans) genome also lies within an identifiable gene cassette. The putative AacC-A7 [AAC(3)-Ig] acetyltransferase encoded by this cassette is 51 to 60% identical to other cassette-encoded AacC-A enzymes and most closely related to AacC-A5 [AAC(3)-Ie]. Alignment of the established and putative AacC-A sequences (Fig. (Fig.1)1) reveals 45 completely conserved amino acids, or 62 if only AacC-A1 to AacC-A7 are considered. It therefore seems reasonable to assume that aacC-A7 also confers resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.

FIG. 1.

Alignment of proteins in the AacC-A [AAC(3)-I] family. Amino acids completely conserved in all sequences are shown as white on black and are indicated by uppercase letters below the sequence. Amino acids conserved in 9 of the 10 sequences are indicated ...

This represents only the third identification of a potential antibiotic resistance gene associated with a gene cassette that is part of the genome of a microorganism that harbors an integron. Though each aacC-A cassette has an identifiable 59-be (sometimes called an attC site) made up of two simple sites and a central region as is characteristic for 59-be (14), in most cases they are not close relatives of one another and some are not closely related to ones found in any other known cassette (6, 11). The 59-be of the Saccharophagus aacC-A7 cassette is not closely related to a 59-be in any of the many cassettes in that organism's genome. Its closest relative is in a cassette from Nitrosococcus oceani. Thus, if, as is generally assumed, cassettes that arose in a particular organism have very similar 59-be, it is unlikely that the aacC-A7 cassette was originally formed in S. degradans.


The Open University's repository of research publications and other research outputs " Deep in the forest, something stirred.. . " Examining the influence of community on the organizing practices of a festival. Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. " Deep in the forest, something stirred… " Examining the influence of community on the organizing practices of a festival. Track: Organisation Studies Word count 6762 " Deep in the forest, something stirred… " Examining the influence of community on the organizing practices of a festival. Summary While the organisation of community festivals and their socioeconomic impacts have been studied for some time, they remain largely unexplored by management researchers. The festival is an important example of organisation as practice-the " practical ordering of heterogeneous human, material and symbolic elements " (Nicolini, 2009).-versus the conventional assumption of organisation as entity. It allows the relationships between the social practices of organising, the cultural context of these practices and the development of practitioner identities to be observed more closely. This paper is based on the findings of a research study, undertaken over three years, in which I observed the organisation of a community-based culture festival in rural central Sweden. My study set out to examine some of the details of the organization of a specific festival by a specific village community to explore some of the complex links between the two broader fields of social practice of organizing and community respectively. This paper focuses on two particular aspects of the study, namely the nature of social interactions amongst community members involved in volunteering their time to deliver the festival, and the material and practical symbols of community identity evident, to examine how they influenced the organizing practices of the festival. Introduction Between 2008 and 2011, I undertook ethnographic field research to observe the organization of an annual cultural festival which takes place in 15 different villages and sites over a large area of forest in a central region of Sweden. It is one of many such cultural events whose growth in popularity across Europe and rural US during recent years, has been particularly documented in rural Sweden (Ekman, 1999; Aldskogius, 1993). Its broad goals, understood by the volunteers, participants and visitors alike, …


Total sulfur contents of surface horizons of selected Gleysolic profiles were substantially higher (mean of 2,183 and 1,539 ppm for LH and Ah, respectively) than contents previously reported for Chernozemic and Podzolic soils of Alberta. Easily soluble sulfate contents were very variable, with ranges of 20–160 ppm S, 13–1,820 ppm S and 2–1,740 ppm S for LH, Ah and Bg horizons, respectively.Gleysolic profiles contained higher levels of organic sulfur in a reduced state (carbon-bonded sulfur) relative to nitrogen than did better-drained profiles. This trend was less marked with Eluviated Gleysols than with Gleysols or Humic Gleysols.N: total S ratios were extremely variable, with values of horizon samples (LH, Ah and Bg) ranging from 1.3 to 30.


DESCRIPTION The 74F381 performs three arithmetic and three logic operations on two 4-bit words, A and B. Three additional Select (S0–S2) input codes force the Function outputs Low or High. Carry Propagate (P) and Generate (G) ouputs are provided for use with the 74F182 Carry Look Ahead Generator for high-speed expansion to longer word lengths. For ripple expansion, refer to the 74F382 ALU data sheet. Signals applied to the Select inputs (S0–S2) determine the mode of operation, as indicated in the Function Select Table. An extensive listing of input and output function levels is shown in the Function Table. The circuit performs the arithmetic functions for either active-HIgh or active-Low operands, with output levels in the same convention. In the subtract operating modes, it is necessary to force a Carry (High for active-HIgh operands, Low for active-Low operands) into the Cn input of the least significant package. The Carry Generate (G) and Carry Propagate (P) outputs supply input signals to the 74F182 Carry look-ahead generator for expansion to longer word length, as shown in Figure 1. Note that a 74F382 ALU is used for the most significant package. Typical delays for Figure 1 are given in Table 1. PIN CONFIGURATION


For many years, there has been speculation that levodopa might contribute to the neurodegenerative process in Parkinson disease (PD). Suspicions as to a dark side of levodopa therapy are especially puzzling because this well-tolerated drug has been so widely used for the 4 decades since its introduction.1 The impression of levodopa toxicity may have been fostered by worsening parkinsonian features and declining symptomatic control that typically evolve during chronic levodopa therapy. There has also been speculation that dyskinesias and wearing-off responses, which commonly affect patients with PD receiving long-term levodopa treatment,2 might originate from neuronal damage due to drug exposure. The controversies surrounding levodopa have made some clinicians reluctant to use this drug to its full extent (or at all) until major disability develops. Furthermore, dopaminergic agonists and other drugs with greater expense and adverse effects sometimes are chosen as alternatives so that levodopa can be avoided.

The question of neuronal toxicity caused by levodopa has been a long-standing concern3,4 and is explored further in the current issue of Neurology ® by Parkkinen et al.5 Their report deals with 96 PD brain specimens whose detailed neuropathologic analysis was coupled with information regarding prior levodopa use. The premise underlying this study was that if levodopa imparts toxicity, then greater drug exposure should result in more neuronal loss and increased presence of the pathologic hallmark of …


Most existing full-range soil-water retention functions extend standard capillary pressure curves into the dry region to zero water content at a finite matric potential. A description of dryness is commonly taken as oven-dry conditions given by a matric suction of 10 7 cm at zero liquid saturation. However, no finite pressure can be exerted by a zero amount of water, so a possibly more realistic situation necessarily implies that as water content approaches zero, suction tends to infinite. Therefore, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm appears as a suitable model to describe the water retention in the dry end. In this study, we propose a full-range water retention function that takes advantage of the physical consistence of BET adsorption to describe the very dry end, and preserves the capillary behavior of the classic Brooks and Corey function in the wet range. The transition from capillary to adsorption mechanisms is accounted for by a generalization of Bradley's isotherm. Tests on seven widely-studied soil data sets show that the experimental water retention curves are well fitted by the proposed retention model. The present soil- water retention function was evaluated in a water and solute transport model. The function was compared with another extended retention function in a numerical experiment designed to test the influence of predicted soil humidity on solute volatilization. These comparisons showed that, under severe dryness, surface evaporation can differ as much as 72% when retention data is fitted to different retention functions. Moreover, under these conditions the retention function determines the soil moisture, to which solute volatilization calculations could be very sensitive.


OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery on traumatic stress reaction and energy metabolism during the operation.METHODS From May 2010 to May 2011,68 cases elective gynecologic operation were selected.68 cases were divided into laparoscopic operation group and laparotomy operation group,each for 34 cases.The two groups were respectively detected growth hormone,hydrocortisone,insulin and rest energy expenditure(REE)in one day before the operation,one day and three days after the operation.RESULTS Insulin was significantly lower on the third day after operation in laparotomy operation group(P0.05).Growth hormone and hydrocortisone were significantly higher after operation in laparotomy operation group than thant in laparoscopic operation group(P0.05).REE was increased between two groups,and REE in laparotomy operation group was apparently higher than that in laparoscopic operation group(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic gynecologic surgery results in less traumatic stress reaction and smaller energy metabolism interference compared to laparotomy operation.It is good for restore the body's internal environment.


Whilst there is a growing need for change in organisations it is widely asserted that up to seventy percent of change initiatives fail (e.g. Kotter, 1990; Carnall, 1999; Higgs & Rowland, 2000). Whilst there have been attempts to understand the reasons for failure these have been seen as inconclusive, and a need for further empirical work has been identified (e.g. Buchanan, Claydon & Doyle, 1999). In parallel with the growth in the body of literature concerned with change has been a significant growth in that on its leadership, with some asserting that the root cause of many change problems is leadership behaviour (Buchanan et al, 1999). This paper begins by exploring the change literature and, in particular the broadening of this literature with the inclusion of complexity and evolutionary theories (e.g. Depew & Weber, 1995; Aldrich, 1999; Litchenstein, 1996). Whilst the literature is large and diverse the authors propose that approaches to change may be classified in terms of two axes viz; the extent to which change approaches seek uniformity or accept differentiated implementation and the extent to which change is seen as linear or non-linear. From this classification a typology of change approach is proposed. In examining change the authors also examine emerging thoughts from the change leadership literature. Combining these different streams of literature leads to three core research questions, which are: 1. What approach to change management is likely to be most effective in today's business environment? 2. What leadership behaviours tend to be associated with effective change management? And 3. Are leadership behaviours related to the underlying assumptions within different approaches to change? These questions are explored using a case study methodology, which is argued to be appropriate for the nature of the phenomenon being examined (Eisenhardt & Brown, 1989). The study was designed using a collaborative research approach (Adler, Shani & Styhre, 2003; Huff & Jenkins, 2002) and involved seven organisations and forty informants who provided seventy change stories (the unit of analysis being the change story). The data was initially analysed as qualitative data and subsequently (following participant lines of inquiry) quantitatively (Parry & Meindl, 2002). Both qualitative and quantitative data indicated that change approaches which were based on assumptions of linearity, were unsuccessful in a wide range of contexts whereas those built on assumptions of complexity were more successful. The closer the approach adopted aligned with complexity theory, the greater was the move from uniform to differentiated implementation. Approaches classified as Emergent change (Johnson, 2001; Wheatley, 1994; 1996) were found to be the most successful across most contexts. In examining leadership behaviours three broad categories emerged (Shaping Behaviour, Framing Change, Creating Capacity). Whilst all three categories were found within each distinct approach to change, their relative dominance followed a pattern which differed between approaches. Furthermore, analyses of the data indicated that leader-centric behaviours (Shaping Behaviour) not only were not related to successful change, but also they impaired change implementation. The implications of the findings and the value of the research methodology are discussed together with suggestions for further research designed to both build on this study and address its acknowledged limitations.


Since 2007, there have been three objectives at the Lake County Research and Demonstration Area (LCRDA) in northeastern Illinois to: 1) compare commonly-used mechanical and herbicidal maintenance treatments on controlling target trees (trees capable of growing tall in wire zones and possibly causing a blackout, hereafter termed undesirable), 2) develop plant cover types that are resistant to tree invasion, and 3) determine the effectiveness of mechanical and herbicidal maintenance on vegetation and wildlife species of high public interest. The wire-border zone method of vegetation management was implemented on the right-of-way (ROW) on eight units of the Lake County Area, and four of the eight units (Gurnee Sites) were mowed in November 2009. The wire-border usually results in a tree-resistant forb-shrub-grass cover type in wire zones and a tall shrub cover type in border zones, thereby producing wildlife habitat diversity on the ROW.


The aim of experimental solution was to measure the thermal characteristics at predetermined locations in the experimental samples in HAZ during the welding process. To measure the thermal cycles were used thermocouples of suitable type. Location of thermocouple was settled in the welding process at the bottom of the experimental samples. Measured values were recorded directly into the computer by using a special program of universal measuring system QUANTUM X.


A recent issue of the Journal included an excellent and interesting paper by Wernli et al. (1) supporting the concept that exposure to organic dust that contains endotoxin has beneficial effects against cancer. We would like to comment on the commonly suggested confounder associated with lower rates of cancer in workers exposed to organic dust— smoking—and expand on the mechanism by which endotoxin in dust may be responsible for the observed benefits as related to this exposure. Historically, a few reports suggested that dust reduced the rate of lung cancer (2), although most investigators dismissed this finding and inferred that this was a methodological issue relating to lower smoking rates in exposed populations. However, studies by this research group (3–5) investigating Chinese cotton textile workers, as well as other investigations of textile (6, 7) and agricultural (8) workers, specifically dairy farmers (9, 10), now support the position that this effect of a lower-than-expected rate of cancer is not a result of differences in smoking rates between study and control populations. A 1973 study by Henderson and Enterline (11) collected data on the smoking rates of cotton textile workers and reported that the rates were slightly higher (51.9 percent) than those of the control population (51.2 percent). A recent evaluation of smoking rates of cotton textile workers (12) also suggests that the rate for this population is higher than or similar to that for controls and the general population. This study (1), as have others (2, 9), suggests that the mechanism for the lower rates of cancer is a result of endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide constituent of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall. Previous investigations (13, 14) have shown that many occupational groups are exposed to high levels of airborne dust containing endotoxin. Wernli et al. (1) suggest that the endotoxin results in stimulation of the immune system, which causes macrophages to become antitumor/carcinogenic. We previously suggested a mechanism for this antitumor activity through the involvement of toll-like receptors and cytotoxic mediators, such as cytokines Letters to the Editor 233


Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease, the pathogenesis of which involves different innate immune system as well as adaptive immune system cells, including macrophages. Macrophages are professional phagocytes whose primary role is ingestion and destruction of microorganisms. Apart from phagocytosis, these cells are engaged in production of proinflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation to T cells, and therefore are considered to be the key cells of the innate immune response. Our study focused on distribution and density of macrophages in healthy and inflamed gingiva with the purpose of evaluating their relevance to pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The material used for this purpose were gingival biopsies taken from 96 patients assorted in 4 groups: the healthy gingiva, gingivitis, moderate periodontal disease and severe periodontal disease. The immunohistochemical staining method based on the use of monoclonal antibodies anti-CD68 was used for identification of macrophages. Our study showed that the density of macrophages is higher in gingivitis and periodontal disease compared to healthy gigiva. There were no significant differences found regarding the density of macrophages in gingivitis and periodontal disease. Grouping of macrophage populations close to partially lysed collagen fibers in periodontal disease indicates their collagenic activity. The increase in the number of macrophages in inflamed gingival tissue could be linked to bone resorption due to the fact that these cells are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts.


A book entitled Th e Nuclear Age in the Middle East by Shimon Yift ah, published in Israel in 1976, opens with an overview of the state of affairs and potential trends in the apparently pending nuclearization of the Middle East. Egypt, Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia are mentioned as partners in various nuclear negotiations with France, the Soviet Union, and the United States.1 Th ese developments are presented as evidence of the dawn of the nuclear age in the Middle East. Yift ah then poses the following questions: • Do these deals carry regional and international risks of the spread of nuclear weapons to sensitive and explosive region? • Could the building of nuclear power plants be prevented or delayed? • What are the motives of France, the Soviet Union and the United States? • Do Egypt and Israel need nuclear power plants?2 Except for secondary facts such as the names of political leaders and the specifi c partnerships behind some of the deals, the opening pages of this book and the author's questions are as relevant today as they were over 30 years ago. Today, Iran and Israel are under the international spotlight for assumed or suspected nuclear weapons programmes, outside or in spite of the global non-proliferation regime. Over a dozen Arab states have announced plans to develop nuclear power programmes and are in various stages of negotia-


This paper presents how two second-degree polynomial equations are obtained. One to determine
the thermal efficiency and the other determines the net working on a spark-ignition engine that
operates on the Otto cycle. A thermodynamic model of 22 equations is developed. This model is
simulated in the software, Engineering Equation Solver (EES) by varying the air-fuel ratio in the
engine compression ratio. The results obtained are subject to the least squares method to perform a
multiple regression. Obtaining a polynomial equation with an R2 of 0.995 which allows calculating
the thermal efficiency and a polynomial equation with an R2 of 0.998 with which the net working of
the cycle is determined. The resulting equations can be applied to a compression ratio that is
between 4 and 12, and air-fuel ratio between 10 and 20.


The invention provides a coal load sensor, which comprises an acceleration sensor module, a signal conditioning module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a digital signal processor, and a digital-to-analog conversion and signal conditioning module which are sequentially connected through signals, and a power module, wherein the power module provides power for the acceleration sensor module, the signal conditioning module, the analog-to-digital conversion module, the digital signal processor, the digital-to-analog conversion and signal conditioning module; and the acceleration sensor module is connected to a supporting shaft of a coal mill. The invention also provides a coal load detection method. The novel sensor for acquiring the coal load by measuring the vibrating acceleration of a bearing continuously analyzes and processes vibration signals in real time, namely the so-called parallel working mode is greatly different from the serial working mode of previous programs, so that objective characteristic signals can be really reflected.


Acridine was first isolated from the crude anthracene fraction of coal tar by G r o e b e and C a r o in I 871. Seven years later its structural formula C,,H,N was established by B e r n t h s e n . Medical interest in its substitutes started with the discovery, in 1913, of the antibacterial action of acriflavine and proflavine, and was further increased with the synthesis of atebrin in 1930, the first antimalarial to rival quinine in its activity. With accelerated pace of investigation, many of the biologic and therapeutic properties of the acridine series were established. These were attributed to their physicochemical properties, mainly to the charged nature of the parent acridine molecule, and its state of electronic excitation (A 1 b e r t, I 951). Diaminoacridines, as a class, have been used as antibacterials, antimalarials, dyestuffs, and cancer therapeutic agents (Let t rk , 1941; Mart in , 1944; Lewis, 1948; M a r s h and Simpson, 1927). Their intense fluorescence, on long ultraviolet and blue light excitation,


This paper explores the way to enhance the Party construction among students in higher educational institutes. The following four questions are discnssed:1.to Step up pre stage guiding; 2.to strengthen the cultivation of activists desiring to joining the Party; 3.to stress on continuous education of the student Party members; 4.to promote the full play of the role of the student Party members as backbones.