Infectious disease is still one of the important public health problems, especially in developing countries. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause several effects, namely the occurrence of germ or bacterial resistance. Objective To determine whether there is a relationship between the level of knowledge analysis with the compliance of antibiotic use in outpatients in the Gadung District Health Center. Buol
The design used in this study is Cross Sectional. The population was all outpatients who received antibiotic treatment. The sample size was 42 respondents using total sampling technique. The independent variable of research is knowledge. The dependent variable is compliance. Data were collected using a questionnaire, then data were analyzed using the rho spearment test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05.
The results showed that almost half of respondents had sufficient knowledge of 18 respondents (42.9%), obedient respondents were 23 respondents (54.8%), the statistical test in this study used the Spearmen's rho test with a <0.05 obtained p = 0,000 where H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected, which means that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and compliance with the use of antibiotics in outpatients in Gadung District Health Center. Buol
There is a relationship between the level of knowledge analysis with adherence to the use of antibiotics in outpatients in the Gadung District Health Center, Buol


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline a comprehensive picture of the coverage of various certification schemes and sustainability principles relating to the entire value‐added chain of biomass and bioenergy and comparing them accordingly.Design/methodology/approach – A tri‐dimensional approach (sustainability issues; technical biomass conversion routes; physical trade flows) was developed for testing the coverage of various sustainability dimensions in different phases of the value‐added chain with the chosen certification schemes and sustainability principles.Findings – Using the tri‐dimensional approach, a comparison of the chosen schemes and principles demonstrated that the application of existing schemes and the development of new ones have placed a major emphasis on the primary production of biomass. Economic and social dimensions related to biofuels and bioenergy processing and trade were either emphasised less or they were covered inadequately. In view of this, the schemes sometimes see...


Connectivity in recent wireless communication is accessible anywhere because of the large footprints of both cellular and WiFi networks. Yet, the broadcasting in wireless technology increases the susceptibility of signals to contemporary challenges such as interference, fading, and distortion. In addition, the energy of signals is lost because of Doppler effects and scattering caused by the obstacles in the channel. The use of smaller base stations, exploitation of higher frequencies and millimetre waves, and the expansion towards massive multiple-input multiple-output makes beamforming one of the most important key technologies in fifth generation (5G) systems. Besides the energy efficiency enhance-ments because of the narrower beamwidths, it reduces the broadcasting probability by adaptively steering the signals towards the targeted receivers while reducing the reception for nearby receiver, that is less interference. It also increases the energy efficiency of the signals because of the narrow beamwidth. In this work, the 5G technology challenges, two of the most known channel models, applications is briefly received. The fundamentals of beamforming technology are also described and provide the necessary information to understand the technology.


The XPEN60 CRP&SAA (hereafter XPEN60) is a new automated hematology analyzer that can rapidly detect C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and blood cell counts (CBC), including the 5‐part differential of white blood cells (5‐DIFF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of XPEN60.


The compressed sensing (CS) model can represent the signal recovery process of a large number of radar systems. The detection problem of such radar systems has been studied in many pieces of literature through the technology of debiased least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). While naive LASSO treats all the entries equally, there are many applications in which prior information varies depending on each entry. Weighted LASSO, in which the weights of the regularization terms are tuned depending on the entry-dependent prior, is proven to be more effective with the prior information by many researchers. In the present paper, existing results obtained by methods of statistical mechanics are utilized to derive the debiased weighted LASSO estimator for randomly constructed row-orthogonal measurement matrices. Based on this estimator, we construct a detector, termed the debiased weighted LASSO detector (DWLD), for CS radar systems and prove its advantages. The threshold of this detector can be calculated by false alarm rate, which yields better detection performance than the naive weighted LASSO detector (NWLD) under the Neyman-Pearson principle. The improvement of the detection performance brought by tuning weights is demonstrated by numerical experiments. With the same false alarm rate, the detection probability of DWLD is obviously higher than those of NWLD and the debiased (non-weighted) LASSO detector (DLD).


Under the relatively mild conditions of a threefold Mannich reaction, starting from the 1,3-cyclohexanedione derivatives 2, the formation of three neighboring quarternary sp3-carbon centers succeeds in a single reaction step.


Background: This paper addresses the role of Human Resource Management in improving the staff performance thereby indirectly improving client satisfaction and delivering better healthcare service. The main aim of quality healthcare should be Safe, Patient Centered, Timely, Efficient & Equitable. The HRM should promote training, motivate, retain, implement new strategies, systematic planning for optimal utilization of the available sources. In the current scenario, inadequate training and lack of mastering the competencies are prevailing among wide range of Healthcare employees. Patient centered care has become a critical component in delivery of safe healthcare.
Findings: With the emerging blooming and transition in Healthcare Industry, HRD should adapt the latest methods to compete and sustain in the competitive healthcare sectors. The role of HRM also extends to monitor the rules & regulations governing the Health care system in relation to its employees. For delivering quality healthcare, identifying the root cause of errors, strategies to reduce chance of further errors, the gap analysis, incorporating appropriate available skills to close the gap, Diversifying the work among the available team, employing quality improvement methodologies to form a interdisciplinary team for better patient centered healthcare.


This study aims to find ways to improve the statistics education policy in Korea for the future based on the results from examining the high school statistics curricula in Korea and New Zealand. The statistics curriculum in New Zealand was analyzed comparatively with the corresponding contents of the probability and statistics domain in the Korea 2015 revised national mathematics curriculum. The analysis centered around achievement goals and key ideas of each of the two curricula. This comparative analysis provides implications on finding a direction in line with the global trend in the curriculum for statistics education and ultimately for Korea's statistics education for the future.


This study examines and answers the problem of what the benefits arising from the emergence of investment in the community in order to increase the economic growth of the village, especially in Sanggrahan Village or Mantung Village, and how the arrangements regarding the investment in Sanggrahan Village or Mantung Village. The method which is used in this study is the empirical approach method, the type of research use descriptive, the location of the study is in Sanggrahan Village or Mantung Village, the type of data are primary data and secondary data, the method of data collection in this study are observation, interview, and literature of the study. These are used by author to solve this study.
Keywords: The Benefits Of Land Investment And Land Investment Arrangements (Case Study in Mantung Village, Sanggrahan, Grogol, Sukoharjo)


In Russian academic literature, drug use is generally approached as a "social problem" that can be "resolved" through the curbing of the supply of drugs and the punishment of drug users and traders. This approach is rooted in understandings drug use as an "escape" from harsh social reality (often linked to economic transformation and moral confusion following the collapse of the Soviet Union). The research from this case study in Sochi – a city in which young people have relatively good economic and cultural opportunities – undermines a key argument underpinning this problematising discourse. The material suggests, on the contrary, that drugs – especially "recreational drugs" – are becoming an increasingly routine ("normal") part of the youth cultural environment. Keywords: xenophobia, drug use, youth, subculture


Summary As part of the Catering in Nurseries Study (VeKiTa), the basic conditions, the quality of nursery catering and the implementation of the speci fic German Nutrition Society's (DGE) quality standard were examined throughout Germany. The results of the study showed that the catering is orientated to target groups and is linked to activities on nutritional socialisation and education. However, the demands for rooms, equip ment, personnel and financial support are not fulfilled everywhere. The requirements for planning meals, as laid down in the specific DGE Qua lity Standard, are only partially followed. Vegetables should be available every day, but meat and sausages more rarely. Calculation of nutritional values of recipes shows as principal problem levels of calcium content were inadequate. Certified nurseries had a favourable opinion of the DGE Quality Standard, particularly as it encouraged them to provide more healthy meals. On the basis of these results, recommendations were derived for improvements in the provision of meals and the orga nisation of catering in nurseries.


Abstract In this discussion, we assess the liberalized telecommunication sector in Nigeria against the backdrop of the social and economic realities of a developing society such as ours. In doing so, we demonstrate that the contemporary telecommunication policy in Nigeria is based on a transmission model of communication, a situation which has several negative socio-economic implications, chief among which are economic disempowerment and social exclusion. In the alternative, we advocate a different model for telecommunication policy-making. Such recourse, we argue, can lead to greater democratization of telecommunication and satisfy the communal, cultural and ritual exigencies which Carey's model expects communication policy to satisfy. The model being proposed here is the community - cultural - ritual model of democratic telecommunications. Such an approach is also in keeping with the emancipatory theory of media. It is expected that a recourse to this model will safeguard the participation of all sectors of the society whether rich or poor, majority or minority.


This study evaluates the response of three wheat genotypes (Pobeda, Planeta i Nora) to three fertilization methods (120 kgNha-1 , 80 kgP2O5ha, 53 kgK2O ha-1; 120 kgNha-1, 160 kgP2O5 ha-1, 53 kgK2O ha-1 and 120 kgNha-1, 80 kgP2O5ha, 53 kgK2O ha-1+5 t»Njival Ca»ha-1+20 t manure ha-1) on pseudogley soil. The results show that the test genotypes gave poor yields at low soil pH, under low phosphorus and low humus conditions. The use of NPK fertilizers having a considerably higher phosphorus content had a marked positive effect on grain yield, particularly in 2009/2010 (a 2-31-fold increase). The combined ameliorative use of lime, manure and NPK fertilizers led to a significant increase in grain yield, particularly in cv. Nora. Wheat productive traits were highly significantly correlated with soil pH and P2O5 content.


This paper studied the voice conversion algorithms based on Gaussian mixture model and non-negative matrix factorization, and selected non-negative matrix factorization algorithm to implement voice conversion on embedded system. The whole system is divided into two phases: the training phase and the conversion phase. The training phase is completed on the PC and the conversion phase is completed on the STM32F407 embedded development board. Experiments are conducted with datasets acquired by MEMS microphones and a suitable evaluation system is established. The results show that the embedded voice conversion system works effectively.


In this paper, we propose a novel parameter estimator for probabilistic models on discrete space. The proposed estimator is derived from minimization of homogeneous divergence and can be constructed without calculation of the normalization constant, which is frequently infeasible for models in the discrete space. We investigate statistical properties of the proposed estimator such as consistency and asymptotic normality, and reveal a relationship with the information geometry. Some experiments show that the proposed estimator attains comparable performance to the maximum likelihood estimator with drastically lower computational cost.


Distributed controller architectures in software defined networks raise the issue of switch-controller mapping. In a mapping approach where a switch distributes flow setup requests (traffic) to multiple controllers, a solution that finds the optimal switch-controller mapping and traffic distribution among the controllers for long term performance and responds effectively to network events such as short term traffic variation and controller failure is necessary. We develop a Multi-Controller Traffic Engineering (MCTE) scheme that: i) finds the long term switch-controller mapping and traffic distribution that minimizes flow setup time, ii) manages traffic distribution during shortterm variation, and iii) pre-computes backup controllers and traffic distribution upon controller failure. We formulate optimization problems for MCTE components and develop heuristic algorithms to obtain solutions in reasonable time. Numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithms achieve flow setup time within 2% of the lower bound and effectively manage traffic upon traffic variations and controller failures.


The wok of the Lubricating System of the Multi-cylinder Engine will directly decide its dynamic force and economic ability. The common faults of lubricating system are that oil pressure is abnormal, oil consume is too much and oil changes nature. This paper introduces the common faults of the lubricating system of the engine, the reason result from the faults, and the steps to get rid of the faults, gives some advice to reduce these faults.


Based on reveal the underlying how to effectively reduce and solve the trailing phenomenon,from two aspects of the LCD display material properties and the human visual characteristics the reason of LCD to displaying moving images generating tailing phenomenon were analysed.Improving the response speed of liquid crystal and the black frame insertion technique is used to solve LCD display field exercise streaking problem.


Background:
 Cardiovascular manifestations of preeclampsia are caused by increased peripheral vascular resistance and systemic endothelial damage causing third spacing of fluids. Usually this presents as lower extremity edema or non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Here we report a rare case of third spacing into pericardial space causing cardiac tamponade in a patient with severe pre-eclampsia. To our knowledge, only 2 similar cases have been reported so far.

 Case presentation:
 35-year-old female G1P0A0 presented to the hospital at 36 weeks and 6 days of gestation with complaints of elevated blood pressure, headache, blurring of vision, and shortness of breath. On physical exam, she had blood pressure of 170/85, 3+ bilateral lower extremity edema and labs showed urine protein to creatinine ratio of 13,962. She was diagnosed with severe pre-eclampsia and underwent emergent C-section without any complications. On postoperative day 1, patient continued to complain of shortness of breath and became hypoxic requiring 2 to 3 L of supplemental oxygen. Chest x-ray showed slight pulmonary edema but BNP was 49. She had persistent lower extremity swelling and was empirically diuresed with IV Lasix with some improvement in her symptoms. An echocardiogram showed large circumferential pericardial effusion with early right ventricular diastolic collapse consistent with cardiac tamponade. Her LV function was normal with an EF of 70% without any wall motion abnormalities. She was taken to the Cath Lab for pericardiocentesis and underwent drainage of almost 650 cc of yellowish clear-colored fluid. Analysis of the fluid showed 1186 nucleated cells, pH 7.5, and protein of 2.9 mg/dl. Her ANA and Rheumatoid factor were negative. The pericardial drain was removed after 5 days with no evidence of recurrence of tamponade on repeat echo.

 Conclusion:
 Peripartum shortness of breath with leg swelling is a common complain among pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. Although peripartum cardiomyopathy is more common, pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade is also a potential diagnosis and should be kept in the differential. Echocardiography can differentiate these entities.


This roundtable took place via Microsoft Teams on Monday 22 nd  June 2020 to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on Research and Publishing in the UK


In this work, we focus on the Optimized Schwarz Method for circular flat interfaces and geometric heterogeneous coupling arising when cylindrical geometries are coupled along the axial direction. In the first case, we provide a convergence analysis for the diffusion-reaction problem and jumping coefficients and we apply the general optimization procedure developed in Gigante and Vergara (Numer. Math. 131 (2015) 369–404). In the numerical simulations, we discuss how to choose the range of frequencies in the optimization and the influence of the Finite Element and projection errors on the convergence. In the second case, we consider the coupling between a three-dimensional and a one-dimensional diffusion-reaction problem and we develop a new optimization procedure. The numerical results highlight the suitability of the theoretical findings.


This paper focuses on the visual lack of the Muslim minority in the contemporary German urban landscape. Through the reinterpreting of Gerard Genette's literary method of paratexts, I have analyzed architecture as the main text, while the media's response is the epitext from which this study analyzes the visibility of the minority in the physical space and the mediated space of Germany. This approach uses a critical cultural lens of analysis.


An analysis of water droplets electrocoalescence from a water-in-dielectric liquid emulsion, in an electrostatic oil cleaner process is made in this paper. The efficiency of electrostatic purging of marine fuels and oils is analyzed. It is studied an electroseparator for dielectric liquids by own conception and the effect on water droplets instabilities under an electric field. It is studied a case that is not studied frequently, that of an inhomogeneous electric field. The process is simulated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software with the capability to provide visual and mathematical data.


The authors study retail price promotions and manufacturer trade deals in markets with exclusive dealing. They find that models that do not account for the existence of retailers overestimate the depth of promotions. The authors then compare the price promotions outcomes of markets with and without exclusive dealing. They also evaluate whether exclusive dealing can be an equilibrium outcome and find that, under certain conditions of the model, the equilibrium is for manufacturers to distribute through several retailers, even though their profits might end up lower than if each retailer carried only one product. Copyright 1996 by University of Chicago Press.


Background: Diabetes Mellitus comprises a group of metabolic disorder leading to hyperglycaemia. Vitamin D deficiency plays a role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus pathogenesis. Vitamin D appears to affect several metabolisms that have been associated with coronary artery disease. Vitamin D level has been recently considered as an adjustable risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, in individuals with type 2 Diabetes.Methods: This case control study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, UPUMS. 100 diabetic individuals with low Vitamin D level were taken as cases and 100 diabetic individuals with normal vitamin D level as control. History and examination with necessary investigations were done. Patients with positive history were subjected to investigations to diagnose CAD.Results: The proportion of case and controls had no significant difference in age distribution. The risk of coronary artery disease was 2.76 times higher among diabetes mellitus patients with vitamin D deficiency (1.36-5.59). The risk of CAD was adjusted for various risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, smoking, physical activity, and lipid profile) Odds ratio was found to be 2.8 (95% CI-1.19-6.94, p-0.018).Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency among diabetes patients was found to be an independent risk factor for CAD after adjusting other risk factors emphasizing that vitamin D can be a potential risk factor for development of coronary artery disease.


abuse equal to being solicited into physical conflict with a stranger.'' This redefinition influences both how the women and how outsiders, such as those in the criminal justice system, view their abuse. The author believes that to understand how black women experience intimate partner violence, we must hear their stories while considering the unique role they play in our society. This comes across quite clearly with the exception of two key areas. The chapter, Surviving Childhood, stood out as the least developed overall. While it is unquestionable that the experiences these women had as black, female children tie very much into their perceptions of both their gender and race, this chapter is missing a significant gender or race analysis. The author's argument for the uniqueness of the black women's experience is weakened by her argument for the generalizability of her findings, that ''in a similar manner, other women of color, such as Latinas, Native American women, Asian American women and immigrant women (of color) can easily be placed alongside Black women in this analysis.''(20) If we accept Potter's argument that the experiences of black females play a significant role in how they see themselves in terms of victimization, it would seem to follow that we should explore other ethnic groups in a similar fashion. Clearly, these other women have unique cultural experiences that potentially affect how they view themselves relative to victimization. Battle Cries is well written, providing a resource for students new to the fields of violence against women, criminology, social problems, and race and ethnicity while also serving as an excellent tool for those who have been actively engaged in intimate partner violence research or intervention. This book provides clear guidance about how to better respond to the experiences of partner violence in the lives of black women, while at the same time it illustrates the need for a similar analysis of abused women from other cultures and races.


Despite the fact that the concept of using long-term personal records has been well recognized for decades, sparse patient physical exam records are still the main base for disease diagnosis and treatment. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of devices and systems for effectively collecting real-time personal data and turning the data into health-meaningful information. The current development of wearable devices with IoT presents a huge potential for fulfilling the needs of long-term data collecting and enabling patients to be monitored in real-time. Wearable vital sign measuring devices with IoT enable the elderly with chronic diseases to be monitored, connected to healthcare providers and offered treatment at the right moment. Smart drug dispensers provide automatic reminders and medication recording capability for better treatment. There is a lot more which can be achieved through the adoption of IoT and wearable devices. Looking at recent developments in wearable devices and IoT, we can expect a rapid surge in applications in the coming years. However, its general adoption in healthcare is going to take a longer time. In this talk, we will give an overview of the development of wearable devices and IoT for health care applications and discuss their impacts on reshaping healthcare. Several examples will be given from different perspectives. Factors which affect the acceptance and widespread use of wearable devices and IoT in healthcare will also be discussed. If this talk can serve as a facilitator for the invention of a widely-adopted device or system for the benefit of healthcare, it will have achieved its purpose.


Macrophages (MØ) and MØ‐depleted (nonadherent) nonparenchymal cells (NPC) of the liver were examined for their cytotoxic potential against tumor cells, production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and release of prostaglandins (PG) following stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon‐γ (IFNγ), and zymosan.


The journalistic chronicle is a genre that has served to tell the Latin American reality from different points of view. Far from seeking the transience of the news data and trying to dazzle with scoops, this genre seeks to reconstruct with literary elements an incomprehensible reality, which often hurts, but which deserves to be narrated, as is the case with the trademarks of drug trafficking and the violence provoked in Mexico. In this context, what we propose in this study is a historical journey from a journalistic-literary perspective. For this we analyze three texts by three Mexican authors: Alma Guillermoprieto, Juan Villoro and Alejandro Almazán. The route we take goes from the assassination (a cardinal and two politicians) that took place in Mexico between 1994 and Question/Cuestión, Vol. 2, N° 66 Agosto 2020 ISSN 1669-6581 IICom (Instituto de Investigaciones en Comunicación) Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social Universidad Nacional de La Plata Página 3 de 2


PurposeThe aim of this paper is to determine the thermal conductivity of a protective layer of alkali-activated cement and the possibility of performing fire protection with fireclay sand and Lightweight mortar. Unprotected steel structures have generally low fire resistance and require surface protection. The design of passive protection of a steel element must consider the service life of the structure and the possible need to replace the fire protection layer. Currently, conventional passive protection options include intumescent coatings, which are subject to frequent inspection and renewal, gypsum and cement-based fire coatings and gypsum and cement board fire protection.Design/methodology/approachAlkali-activated cements provide an alternative to traditional Portland clinker-based materials for specific areas. This paper presents the properties of hybrid cement, its manufacturability for conventional mortars and the development of passive fire protection. Fire experiments were conducted with mortar with alkali-activated and fireclay sand and lightweight mortar with alkali-activated cement and expanded perlite. Fire experiment FE modelling.FindingsThe temperatures of the protected steel and the formation of cracks in the protective layer were investigated. Based on the experiments, the thermal conductivities of the two protective layers were determined. Conclusions are presented on the applicability of alkaline-activated cement mortars and the possibilities of applicability for the protection of steel structures. The functionality of the passive fire layer was confirmed and the strengths of the mortar used were determined. The use of alkali-activated cements was shown to be a suitable option for sustainable passive fire protection of steel structures.Originality/valueEco-friendly fire protection based on hybrid alkali-activated cement of steel members.


Crystals of poor optical quality resist attempts to obtain polarised Raman spectra and produce high background levels of scattered radiation which make low frequency studies impossible. It is shown that the Brewster angle scattering technique, usually reserved for opaque or nearly opaque materials, can overcome these obstacles and yield spectra of acceptable signal-to-noise, low background radiation levels and with good polarisation data.


The utility model relates to a lock body with an internal unlocking structure, which comprises an internal grip arranged in a door plate, an external grip arranged on the external of a door, an internal rotating shaft, an external rotating shaft, an external connecting plate and an internal connecting plate, wherein, one end of the internal rotating shaft and one end of the external rotating shaft are respectively fixed to the internal grip and the external grip, and the other end of the internal rotating shaft and the other end of the external rotating shaft are sheathed with each other; the external connecting plate is positioned on the external of the door. The external connecting plate and the external rotating shaft can form a locking or a loosing state to achieve the locking and unlocking purposes. The external connecting plate and the internal connecting plate are connected and driven by a connecting rod, which controls the external connecting plate in the inner of the door to form an unlocking state.


Abstract : The work represents a continuation in our program to model soft x-ray photoemission for exploding wire radiator (EWR) sources incident on various materials. This program falls within the larger program SKYNET which is concerned with SGEMP effects for soft x-ray sources. Results are presented for four newly modeled materials - Au, Ag, Cu, and C. These results include the detailed atomic information required to model each material and photoemission and backscatter results obtained with the code SXRP. In particular, photoemission spectra and total primary yields are presented for an EWR source incident on the four materials cited. Their measured counterparts are included for comparison. Some comparisons provide good agreement while others call for further investigation. For Au, additional spectra and yields are presented for sources narrow in energy to compare with available published data. The photon energy range considered is between 1 and 5 keV. Good overall agreement is obtained with the data. (Author)


The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of personality traits of consumers regarding their green buying intention by measuring the mediation effects of eco-labels and environmental attitude along with the moderation of gender. To the researchers' best knowledge, there is a lack of research in developing countries in explaining influence of rarely researched factor such as loyalty proneness on green buying intention. To uncover this gap, using survey method data from a sample of 434 has been collected through a structured questionnaire distributed among employees of the different national and multinational companies. Findings suggest that consumer personality traits except collectivism have a significant impact on Green buying intention. Furthermore, mediation of ecolabels and environmental attitude along with moderation of gender has a strong impact on consumer's green buying intention. These findings depicted that green market is evolving in developing countries, so it has created an open avenue for marketers to better grab the opportunities from green products and focus on establishing that new category of green products in Pakistan. Moreover, present study helps to eliminate the research gap by evaluating the interaction effect of gender with environmental attitude and eco-labels on green buying intention.


Objective To explore the method of lateral anterior surgical resection and reconstruction for lumbar vertebral tumors so as to improve the quality of patient's life and prolong the living time.Methods Twenty-seven cases of lumbar vertebral tumors treated with lateral anterior resection and reconstruction were reviewed from May 2000 to August 2004. ResultsAll the cases had the pain relieved, and 13 cases with nerve compression symptoms got improved in different degrees. Conclusion The lateral anterior surgical resection and reconstruction can treat lumbar vertebral tumors effectively to improve the quality of patient's life and prolong the living time.


G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the most important class of drug targets for the currently available pharmacotherapeutics. In the histamine receptor (HR) field, antagonists of H1 and H2 receptors are well established drugs for many decades, whereas the more recently identified H3 (H3R) and H4 receptors (H4R) are considered promising biological targets for drug discovery programs. Translational animal models are indispensable for investigations on the (patho)physiological role of novel receptors as well as for preclinical studies of potential drug candidates. Thus, with respect to the predictivity of such studies, pharmacological differences between H3R and H4R species orthologs should be identified as early as possible, both in binding and functional assays, in particular on human (h) compared to rodent (m, r) HR subtypes. This thesis aimed at the development of cellular binding and functional assays for the hH4R, mH4R, rH4R, hH3R and rH3R.
In a whole-cell radioligand binding assay, saturation binding experiments on HEK293T cells, stably expressing the hH4R, the H3,4R ligand [3H]UR-PI294 was bound with high affinity. Competition binding experiments revealed affinities of reference ligands in a highly reproducible manner. Affinities of agonists were lower than reported data from binding assays using broken cell preparations, probably due to high GTP concentrations in intact cells. Regarding the mH4R, saturation binding experiments on HEK293T cells stably transfected with the mH4R gene revealed substantially lower affinities of [3H]UR-PI294 and [3H]histamine compared to the hH4R. Therefore, it turned out to be exceedingly difficult to obtain valid and robust mH4R binding data for reference ligands.
To establish functional assays for the hH4R and mH4R, using a more distal and non-radioactive readout, compared to [32P]GTPase or [35S]GTPγS assays, the aforementioned transfectants were stably co-transfected with a vector encoding the firefly luciferase (Luc), the transcription of which is under the control of the cAMP responsive element (CRE). Assay parameters were optimized, and a luciferase reporter gene assay was established in the 96-well format of a luminescence plate reader. Moreover, HEK293T cells lacking the H4R were stably transfected with the CRE-linked luciferase gene (HEK293-CRE-Luc) and established to uncover off-target effects in control experiments. To develop a reporter gene assay for the rH4R, HEK293-CRE-Luc cells were stably co-transfected with the rH4R gene. For validation, functional data of agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists were determined. In case of agonism at the hH4R, the data correlated well with data gained from [32P]GTPase or [35S]GTPγS assays. This also held for the rank order of agonists at the mH4R and rH4R, however, the potencies were up to 100-fold higher in the luciferase assay. Obviously, there was a positive effect on the distal readout by activation/amplification of or cross-talk between different signaling pathways in the established reporter gene assay.
Saturation binding experiments on whole HEK293T cells, stably expressing the hH3R, revealed high-affinity binding of [3H]N(alpha)methylhistamine ([3H]NAMH). This is consistent with recognition of the active receptor population, which was predominantly present due to high constitutive activity of the hH3R expressed in HEK293T cells. Whereas affinities of agonists and antagonists determined in competition binding experiments were in agreement with published data, inverse agonists achieved lower affinities. In studies at the rH3R stably expressed in HEK293-CRE-Luc cells, [3H]UR-PI294 was able to label a distinctly higher number of rH3Rs than [3H]NAMH, presumably, due to binding to the receptor protein in both, the active and inactive state. Consequently, in competition binding experiments with [3H]UR-PI294, cytosolic GTP shifted the binding data of agonists toward lower affinities, whereas affinities of antagonists and inverse agonists were consistent with reported data from broken cell systems.
For the functional characterization of H3R ligands at the human and rat H3 receptors, a luciferase assay was established. HEK293-CRE-Luc cells were stably co-transfected with a vector encoding for the hH3R. In case of the rH3R the aforementioned rH3R expressing transfectant was used. In contrast to the rH3R, the hH3R displayed exceptionally high constitutive activity. This became obvious by increased basal activity of the hH3R and was confirmed by means of inverse agonists.
The established reporter gene (luciferase) assays allowed for the quantification of agonistic, inverse agonistic and antagonistic activity in a highly sensitive and reliable manner. In summary, the developed cell-based methods will improve the predictability of in vivo results by characterizing compounds on H3R and H4R species orthologs regarding affinity, subtype selectivity, quality of action and potency.


In most laterally inhomogeneous crustal structures, waves propagated away from the source can be constructed to first order without knowledge of any backscattered radiation. If this approximation is used, the second-order boundary-value problem for elastic waves in isotropic inhomogeneous media can be reduced to a first-order initial-value problem in space. Numerical solutions can then be economically obtained. Calculations for plane-layered structures agree quantitatively with exact solutions. Waves in more complicated structures agree qualitatively with intuition, observational experience, and model experiments.


This paper investigates payout policy, agency conflicts and corporate governance in Nigeria. Using a sample of
thirty (30) listed companies randomly selected in the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period 2006-2010, the panel
OLS regression results indicate that firms' investment opportunities and leverage have significant impact on the
dividend payout.The corporate governance mechanisms comprising the CEO shareholdings, directors'
shareholdings and the institutional ownership have positive but non-significant impact on the dividend payout.This
means that the insiders and institutional ownership may not complete mitigate the agency conflicts associated with
effective dividend payout policy. Moreover, the negative and non-significant association of cash-flow and growth of
firms may indicate more retentions by directors which may be expropriated by firm's management through salaries
and other compensations or invested in projects to satisfy personal benefits at the dispense of the shareholders.
Therefore, a strong corporate governance mechanism comprising more non-executive directors and institutional
ownership is recommended to mitigate the agency conflicts and improve the dividend payout.


R eflection, whether written or oral, is a tool for shaping thoughts, ideas, and beliefs, revealing concrete shape for those thoughts, ideas, and beliefs as they emerge. As a human capacity, reflection enables us to evaluate experience, learn from mistakes, repeat successes, revise, and plan. As a component of professional development, reflection allows us to clarify thought and challenge beliefs. As a data source, reflection empowers the researcher to see beyond observable behavior to the depths of human transformation-to acquire a consciousness of and reverence for continuous growth. In this article I present illustrations from a reflective research process that I used to study teachers involved in a reflective model of professional development.


SUMMARY

The Vp anisotropies of two amphibole-rich rocks and two biotite–amphibole-rich rocks were measured under high-pressure conditions (up to 1.0 GPa), and calculated based on the physical properties and lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of amphibole and biotite. The results of these studies clearly demonstrated the strong effects of the LPO of amphibole and biotite on Vp anisotropies. Previous studies pointed out the importance of [001] of amphibole and (001) of biotite for Vp anisotropy. In addition to these axes and poles, (100) of amphibole strongly affected the Vp anisotropy of the sample rocks.


LeplOglossus corculus and Leptoglossus occidentalis are recorded feeding on red pine COIle'S and cooelets in Wisconsin and L. occidentalis is recorded feeding on red pine conelets in ~Iinnesota. This paper repons observations of both Leptoglossus corculus (Say) and Leptoglossus occidentaliJ Heidemann feeding on cones of red pines, Pinus resinosa Ait., in a southern Wiscoosin seed orchard (Grant County), and L. occidentalis on red pine cones on the Cniyersit)of ~finnesota campus in St. Paul (Ramsey County). L. corculus. the southern pine ;.eed ~. and L. occidentalis, the western conifer seed bug, are major pests of pine seed produ..-ticc in regions of the country outside the Great Lakes states (DeBarr and Ebel 197~. Koerber 19631. ~eitl:ier ~1inDesot:a nor Wisconsin have been included in the published distribution range of either speci s (Allen 1969, Hedlin et al. 1981). Schaffner (1967) reported that L. occidentali5 .-as present in Iowa and Indiana with Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., being the obsened host plant. Specimens of L. corculus have been collected from Wisconsin and Illinols (DeBarr. peIS. comm.). No specimens of either species are present in the Cniyersity of ~t.in:nesota Insect Collection, the University of Wisconsin-Madison Insect Research Collection. or the insect collection at the Milwaukee Public Museum. Thirty lLptoglossus individuals were collected at the Wisconsin site during the summer of 1985 I~c L. corculus and three L. occidentalis). Adults of both species were first coJJo..-red on 26 June. Nymphs of L. corculus were present from mid-June to mid ~_ bm DO L. occidentalis nymphs were found. Five L. occidentalis nymphs were coJJo..-red on the S1. Paul campus on 6 September 1986. In Wisconsin, adults of both spa..-ies Vial! observed with their stylets inserted into cones. Nymphal L, corculus were ol:>sen-ed feeding on both pine cone lets and cones in Wisconsin, while in Minnesota L. occi.t:kntaliJ nymphs were observed feeding only on cones. Radiographic analysis of seed coJJo.."ted ill the Wisconsin orchard indicated that 67% were empty. Factors other than seedbugs. such as inadequate pollination, can cause empty seed. However, because of their impUc3lion in causing empty seed in southern and western pines, and because they were ot'S<~yed f eding on red pine cones, seedbugs were probably responsible for part of the ~seed in the orchard. Their large host range within the genus Pinus make them a pott1liial threat to many Lake States pine seed sources. :~ of Enromology, Cniversity of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. 1 Katovich and Kulman: Leptoglossus Corculus and Leptoglossus Occidentalis Published by ValpoScholar, 1987 120 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 20, No.3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr. Gary DeBarr, US Forest Service, for identifying the L ptoglossus spp. specimens. We also thank Gerald Noonan, Milwaukee Public Museum, and Steven Krauth, University of Wisconsin-Madison for checking their respective insect collections. Partial funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, St. Paul, MN. This article is Paper No. 15,097 in the Science Journal Series Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul.


Abstract : This report contains 70 sets of software fault trees used to test a software fault tree key node safety metric. Each page represents a set often trees with an identical root node hazard. To the left of the initial tree on each page arc the negatively mutated trees. To the right are the positively mutated trees. Under each tree is the value produced by the metric equation, (S), when run on the tree.


Teacher Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the mandate of the law to improve the quality of education in Indonesia coupled with the provision of professional allowances. The CPD has not been running ideal. The teacher still positions himself to wait for the professional development program from the government. The teacher has not positioned himself as an active subject in improving his professional competence. Finland is a model that can be used as an example in developing CPD. From the essence of CPD, Finland can be a leading country in education. They make CPD as an instrument designed since the period of education of prospective teachers and integrating CPD work with institutional functions of higher education. Madrasah teachers are an important subject to be considered in implementing CPD policies. They became one of the groups of teachers who helped bridge the development of education and at the same time were obliged to maintain the moral and moral character of the students religion. Several studies show that this group of teachers is at the lower level of the teacher strata in Indonesia. Starting from the education qualification mismatch with the subject matter to the low competencies they have..


Subchronic effect of weak combined magnetic fields (MFs) on spatial memory and level of brain β-amyloid (βA) was studied in mice with ablation of the olfactory bulbs and control sham-operated (SO) animals. The bulbectomized (BE) mice show the main signs of Alzheimer's type degeneration such as memory impairment, the increase of the βA level in the brain, pathology in the acetylcholinergic system, and the loss of neurons in the brain structures responsible for memory [5–7, 9]. The combined MFs consisted of the constant component 42μT and of the variable component 0.08μT The variable field was the sum of two signals of frequencies of 4.38 and 4.88 Hz. Exposure to the MFs (4 hours for 10 days) induced the reduction of the βA level in the brain of the BE mice, but did not protected their memory from impairment. However, the same MFs improved the spatial memory in SO mice. The beneficial effect of the MFs in the SO animals was prolonged and was revealed for a month after exposure to the MFs. The results suggest that the MFs can be used to prevent the Alzheimer's disease in a group of risk as well as in other diseases involving amyloid protein deposition in different tissues.


Basic principle of nonhomogeneous markov chains is introduced.According to the main thought of the application of the Markov chain method to teaching evaluation in education,the deficiencies of current application is analyzed,and a transfer matrix is constructed to abstract information in order to provide theoretical and practical basis for proper and effective aluation of educatione.The results confirm that it is practicable to use nonhomogeneous markov chains in evaluaing teaching quality.


ABSTRACT Influence of dust-neutral collisional frequency and nonextensivity on the linear and nonlinear dust-acoustic waves is studied in a magnetized collisional dusty plasma, which consists of negatively charged cold dust particles, q-nonextensive hot ions and hot electrons with stationary neutrals considering the dust-neutral collisions. It is observed through linear mode analysis that linear dust-acoustic wave behaves like a damping wave and its damping rate mainly depends on dust-neutral collisional frequency ( ). The damped Zakharov and Kuznetsov (ZK) equation is obtained employing the reductive perturbation technique. The effects of dust-neutral collisional frequency ( ) and nonextensive parameter (q) are observed on the characteristic features of dust-acoustic solitary waves. Control of dynamic motions for dust-acoustic waves is investigated considering three-dimensional phase portraits, time-series analysis and sensitivity analysis. The parameters , and play vital roles on the control of dynamic motions for dust-acoustic waves in presence of the external periodic force. Our study may be helpful to understand the behavior of dust-acoustic wave in the magnetosphere.


All versions of SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation) [1] prior to release 5 have used the same two computation modules for resonance self-shielding. BONAMI, [2] based on Bondarenko's shielding-factor method, performs self-shielding corrections for the unresolved range, and NITAWL [3] applies the Nordheim treatment for the resolved-resonance range. These two codes have changed relatively little over the last 20 years. Although this historical approach was also retained in SCALE 5, a significant extension to the resolved-resonance shielding capability has been provided by the introduction of two new codes, CENTRM [4] and PMC.[5] CENTRM solves the discrete-ordinates approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation in one-dimensional geometries, using tabulated pointwise (PW) nuclear data. Neutron spectra are typically computed by CENTRM on a grid of 30,00040,000 energy points tailored to the macroscopic cross-section energy structure for the mixtures in the problem geometry. In this manner the spectral fine structure due to resonance reactions is calculated accurately, taking into account the impact of levellevel interference, resonance overlap, and material interface effects. The resulting "continuous-energy" spectra for each material zone are input to the PMC code for averaging PW nuclear cross sections to obtain self-shielded multigroup (MG) data. The problem-dependent MG cross sections can be used in higher-dimensional calculations with the KENO [6] or NEWT [7] modules of SCALE.


The work presents data on pollution of water, air, and soil of the city of Novi Sad area as a consequence of the NATO bombing. Because of the destruction of the Novi Sad Oil Refinery, large amounts of crude oil were spilt out, so that increased contents of crude oil and its derivatives (mineral oils), oil hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were registered in the soil and water samples, whereas in the air, there were the products of incomplete combustion of crude oil and its derivatives determined. Also, tests of radioactive contaminants in the environment components were carried out. Besides that, the data on pollution of the Tisa river after the accident in the gold mine Baja Mare (Romania) were presented. All these findings suggest the existence of serious health risks and potentially increased incidence rate of cancer in future.


The economic crisis triggered in 2007 made many believe that a relatively long period will follow, where the public will favor a greater role for the state. I appreciate that, on the contrary, the public attitude will act in the opposite direction and that, for a long period of time, we will witness a gradual reduction in the economic dimension and in the power of the state.


Little is known in Europe on the nature and trajectories of migration flows from and within East Africa and the Horn of Africa. With countries simultaneously hosting and assisting internally displaced persons, refugees, returnees, victims of trafficking, as well as labour migrants, this region stands out for the complexity and dynamism of its migration and asylum reality. This brief aims to provide some basic facts about migration and displacement flows in the region, the main challenges they trigger and the EU and regional frameworks established to deal with them. In so doing, it points to the mixed nature of these flows and to the importance of adopting a multitiered approach to respond to such challenges


Minimal residual disease (MRD) was monitored by WT-1 expression, in 207 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after an allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), to initiate pre-emptive immunotherapy (IT) with cyclosporin discontinuation and/or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). The trigger for IT was WT-1 >180 copies/10^4 Abl in marrow cells, in a first group of 122 patients (WT1-180), and >100 copies in a subsequent group of 85 patients (WT1-100). from positivity was 23% vs 74%, respectively (p=0.003). We then looked at the entire patient population of 207 AML : WT1-180 and WT1-100 patients were comparable for disease phase and age. The overall 4 year CI of transplant related mortality (TRM) was 13% in both groups; the CI incidence of leukemia relapse was 38% in the WT1-180 and 28% in the WT1-100 patients (p=0.05) and LFS was 56% vs 48% (p=0.07).


The present paper is an initiative to understand the various issues related to the stress faced by the doctors and nursing staff during the pandemic. As compared with other professions, the life of medical professionals is different due to their unique job expectation.  A lot of researchers have tried to address this issue but during this period of pandemic very limited research has been undertaken. In this direction, the present paper will provide an additional contribution to the existing literature. The objectives of the study are to decode the dynamics of stress issues faced by these front-line workers and to suggest remedial measures. For this purpose, more focus is made on primary data, and the scope of the study is restricted to selected hospitals around the capital region of Odisha.


Luminescence images of silicon solar cells contain information about local recombination properties and local series resistance. It is difficult to separate the information and interpret single images correctly and quantitatively though, which greatly limits the use of single luminescence images, in particular for the application as an in‐production characterization tool. We therefore developed a fast method based on photoluminescence imaging for a spatially resolved coupled determination of the dark saturation current and series resistance (C‐DCR). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The invention discloses waste concrete powder paint and a preparation method thereof. According to the paint, a styrene-acrylic emulsion is taken as an adhesive, common filler and waste concrete powder are taken as filler, and other components comprise auxiliaries such as water, a dispersant, a wetting agent, a coalescing agent, a leveling agent, a thickening agent and the like. According to the preparation method, the prepared waste concrete powder paint has high paint film quality and high water resistance, alkali resistance and scrub resistance, the production cost is reduced, conditions are provided for production of a high value-added waste concrete product, and high-quality recycling of building waste is realized.


In this work, some non smooth bilinear analogues of linear Littlewood-Paley square functions on the real line are studied. These bilinear operators are closely related to the bilinear Hilbert transforms and vector valued version of these ones. Mainly we prove boundedness-properties in Lebesgue spaces for them.


The results of the analysis of ways to increase the crack resistance of deposited compositions at hardening of hot rolling rolls are presented. It has been shown that the technology of forming layers from seams with a non-straight laying (zigzag or sinusoidal) and an asymmetric change in the path in each subsequent layer makes it possible to prevent the formation of circular main cracks. With the propagation of cracks in such seams, their mutual intersection occurs, followed by branching and slowing down. Along with it, the periodic change in the trajectory of the welds is accompanied by a disorientation of the crystal structure, which helps to slow down the crack. Changing the direction of surfacing, and hence the direction of dendrite growth, in the metal of adjacent layers of a multilayer composition being deposited on hot rolling rolls, makes it possible to increase the resistance to cracking. It has been shown that with such a change, in order to reduce the possibility of defect formation in the first layer (sublayer), surfacing is carried out along a helical line with the maximum possible pitch, thus ensuring reliable overlap of adjacent seams. In combination with braking at the boundaries of homogeneous, especially dissimilar welds of variable composition, this surfacing technology provides an increase in the fracture toughness of the composition. It has been shown that such heterogeneous multilayer compositions are characterized by increased impact toughness and stress intensity factor. To implement the coordinated change in the velocity vector of surfacing and variable chemical composition of the welds, a modernized control system for the installation for surfacing rolls has been developed and mastered


Does Rimbaud matter anymore? Modernist frontiersman, punk rock avatar, Beat seer, hallucinatory trip master, psychosexual sailor, litterateur as homeless street urchin—after a century or more of reinterpretations and idolizing, Rimbaud's name echoes through literary life like that of a highly diversified brand. The escapades of writers like Hart Crane, Henry Miller, Charles Bukowski, Ginsberg, Kerouac, Mailer, Frank O'Hara, and Jim Carroll (not to mention their more studied descendants) have made the role of the voyant a kind of franchise. In a culture where the machinery of consumption scarfs up and then test-markets nearly every act of revolt and every critique directed at it—in an age when Attitude and Mania are the names of clothing lines sold by Armani—Rimbaud seems pretty harmless really, a costume more than an influence. With great-grandkids like Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, Patti Smith, Lou Reed, and Johnny Rotten safely inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and with his legend having been acted out on the big screen by "Leo" DiCaprio, Rimbaud's existence often resembles that of a bad-boy celebrity genius enjoying an exceptionally long afterlife—a desperado's Einstein or Gandhi.Would it have been at all surprising if the Apple corporation had used one of young Arthur's dreamier photographs as part of their "Think different" campaign? Little in contemporary American poetry sounds freshly influenced by a reading of Rimbaud's work. The image and life story threaten to


Many national statistical agencies and survey organizations disseminate microdata, i.e., data on individual units in public use data files. These data disseminators strive to release files that are safe from attacks by illintentioned data users seeking to learn respondents' identities or sensitive attributes, informative for a wide range of statistical analyses, and easy for users to analyze with standard statistical methods. Meeting all three goals is a challenging task. The proliferation of readily available databases, and advances in statistical and computing technologies, provide users with more and higher quality resources for linking records in released datasets to units in other databases. As a result, the risk of unintended or illegal disclosures is high and still rising. Microdata proliferation and statistical advances also enable and fuel the ambition of researchers. To address complex statistical questions, these users demand greater access to accurate data at fine levels of detail. Data disseminators thus find themselves in a difficult position: users pressure them to provide everything about the data, but disclosure risks pressure them to limit what is released. Data disseminators that fail to prevent disclosures of individuals' identities or sensitive attributes can face serious consequences. They may be in violation of laws and therefore subject to legal actions; they may lose the trust of the public, so that respondents are less willing to parWhat roles do remote servers and synthetic data play in the future of data dissemination?


This research paper aims to evaluate to what extent users such as medical professionals can collaborate with other evaluators in the usability evaluation of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). The Heuristic Walkthrough (HW) method is a common technique in evaluating the usability of EHRs. It consists of two usability methods, Heuristic Evaluation (HE) and Cognitive Walkthrough (CW). After considering all participants, parameters, user interface elements and the usability characteristics in the evaluation process, issues have been identified in some areas of the HE and CW methods. As key findings, this study identifies lack of usability issues in EHRs negatively affecting user satisfaction with both techniques in the current HW method. The main aim of this report is to evaluate and extend the existing model and propose a new method termed `User Integrated HW' (UIHW) to eliminate the existing issues. Therefore, a Likert scale is implemented together with an open-ended questionnaire for both, HE and CW methods, to enhance the user integration as well as to obtain user reviews about the subject matter to support usability expertise.


The Wedding Organizer package ordering information system is made by utilizing web-lined information technology, with the aim of expanding the area of promotion and sales of wedding packages and simplifying the ordering process. so the author tries to make a Final Project on the Website-Based Website-Based Information System for ordering wedding organizer packages. In the process of collecting data with the aim of solving problems, the authors use data sources (Observation and Interview). The authors Wedding Organizer package ordering information system uses the PHP and MySQL programming languages. For system design, the author uses the Prototype method. The final result obtained in this study is a website-based Information System, which can provide information about several wedding organizer packages, wedding organizer package prices and the contents of wedding organizer packages available at Cahaya Bridal Decoration. With several advantages of website technology as an information medium, the Website-Based Information System for ordering wedding organizer packages is expected to expand the reach of information dissemination to all aspects


Cesium oxides are materials of great interest to the photodetection industry because of their relatively low work function (∼1 eV). Used mainly as coating films for photoemissive devices, they provide high wavelength thresholds and high photocurrents. However, they are unstable, air-sensitive, and hygroscopic, rendering them short-lived and limiting their applications. Although the technology of these devices is highly developed, their characterization on the micro- and nanoscale suffers from their poor chemical stability and poor crystallinity. In the present study, cesium oxides were synthesized from the elements and were characterized using a combination of chemical and structural analysis techniques. Because the reaction products were extremely sensitive to humidity, sample analysis without atmospheric exposure was essential, and techniques were developed for the transfer of the samples to the measurements systems. Extensive data obtained from X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoele...


This paper aims to explore that factor influencing the effectiveness of Turnover tax collection in Hosanna Town. The study organized factors into four categories: Tax- administration related, Tax officers-related, Taxpayers-related and Tax systems related factors. The study used an explanatory approach, whereby data from 276 taxpayers' for three sub-cities in Hosanna Town were collected using administers the questions. The questionnaire had 38 statements representing factors and12 statements representing the Turnover tax revenue collection effectiveness. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the case of descriptive statistics, the study used frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. For the inferential statistics, the study used multiple regression analysis. The study findings showed that there were eight main critical factors turnover tax effectiveness. The results showed that turnover tax rate, mode of payment, Government policy formulation and services to taxpayers, Taxpayers knowledge of obligations and rights are factors that positively significantly effective on turnover tax revenue. However, punishment by tax office, detection capabilities of tax offices, education and advice from tax office were not significantly at 5% significance effective on turnover tax revenue. Despite the contributions of this study, there are some limitations which need to be acknowledged. First, data were collected from taxpayers only. Secondly, only 12 statements for factor were used. Thirdly, the study has used only primary data. Last, perceptual measures of turnover tax collection effectiveness. The authors consider that if other approaches were used, they could have reached different conclusions. From a practical perspective, revenue authority may be relying heaviling on taxpayers, as well as regulations, directives and proclamation, for turnover tax collection effectives. The study shows that mode of payment, taxpayer right and obligations on proclamation and tax policy on turnover tax are critical factors too. However, the study also has practical implications for local (Town) governments, revenue authority, turnover tax collection and taxpayers at large. This paper extends prior research in the area of turnover tax collection and is the first paper to use four categories of factors to analyze the influencing of turnover tax collection effectiveness, taking into consideration both tax authorities and taxpayers. It is used the model, which helped to generate variables with multiple prior theories (i.e. theoretical triangulation). Hence, new theories were combined with old theories to produce findings which take into consideration the context of the country.


The 118 GHz Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (ECRH/ECCD) system under development in Cadarache, France, for use on the TORE SUPRA Tokamak[1,2], is designed to launch 2.4 MW of power for up to 10 minutes into the plasma. At present two out of six gyrotrons are installed and available for injection of up to 800 kW. This paper concentrates on the generation and transmission of the ECRH/ECCD power for very long pulse operation. The power is injected into the plasma as Gaussian beams by an antenna, which using actively cooled mirrors inside the Tore Supra vacuum vessel, allows extensive control of both the poloidal and toroidal injection angles. The toroidal field on Tore Supra is normally in the range of 3.8T-4T, which for 118 GHz gives almost central deposition at the fundamental Electron Cyclotron Resonance. A pair of actively cooled corrugated mirrors is installed in each Matching Optics Unit (MOU) at the output of each gyrotron allowing complete control of the polarisation of the wave transmitted to the antenna, with the result that pure O-mode, – or pure X-mode – power injection can be achieved for all injection angles. In tokamak experiments, a world record energy of 17.8MJ has been injected into the plasma. New upgraded gyrotrons specified to produce 400 kW for up to 10 minutes, will be introduced over the next 3-4 years.


Space-charge and thermal calculations are used to compare the performance of gigahertz-bandwidth, high-current p-i-n photodiodes utilising InGaAs absorbers and InGaAs/InP drift layers. By varying the percentage of InGaAs and InP in the drift layer, comparisons can be made between traditional p-i-n photodiodes (100% InGaAs drift layer), dual-depletion region photodiodes (part InGaAs, part InP drift layer), and uni-travelling-carrier (100% InP drift layer) photodiodes. A local maximum in the maximum photocurrent occurs when a charge balance is present in the depletion layer. The results from space-charge and thermal calculations show that traditional p-i-n and dual-depletion region designs can potentially provide performance that exceeds that of the uni-travelling-carrier design. Charge compensation is proposed as a means of increasing the space-charge-limited photocurrent and for controlling the peak electric fields within the depletion region.


"Solar air heater (SAH) has vast applications in agriculture, crop drying and other field. In solar air heater, air temperature increases at the exit section. Research has worked extensively in SAH field, experimentally and numerically to observe the performance of SAH. In the present work, a 3D model of SAH is created in Design Modeler of ANSYS and simulation is run in ANSYS Fluent for the Reynolds number range between 2000-18000. Main objective of the study is to calculate the Nusselt number (dimensionless number) and friction factor influenced by pressure drop inside the duct. Numerical results are validated with the experimental results and compared with the Modified Dittus-Boelter equation and Modified Blasius equation. Mean percentage absolute error in simulation results are within range of 10%.


Purpose
The many obstacles and difficulties to carry out research in the field of physical education are the gaps and urgency in this research. This study aims to investigate perceptions from lecturers regarding the conveniences and difficulties when carrying out research in physical education during COVID-19.
Material and Methods
This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods through online-based in-depth interviews. Five lecturers from two universities in Indonesia and one lecturers from universities in Hungary were willing to participate in this research. The way to select them was by sending an email to their respective universities and only 10 people participated in this study. However, 4 people did not qualify because they did not have 10 years of research experience.  All participants signed a consent letter to participate in this study. The interview started with explanation from participants regarding their research experiences, the conveniences and the difficulties faced when carrying out research during pandemic. After the activity was completed, the results of the interviews were collected and then a qualitative statistical analysis was carried out In this study, statistical analysis used thematic method in the form of interviews transcribed word for word.The transcripts were read repeatedly by researchers and three experts, coding and a collection of phrases were arranged into themes.
Results
The findings of this study indicate that there were several conveniences in carrying out research physical education during the COVID-19 period, including the implementation can be done anywhere and anytime, cost-effective and saving time, data collection is easier and faster. Meanwhile, the difficulties were in obtaining research subjects, subjects who have inadequate technological literacy, poor internet network and inaccurate data.
Conclusions
Thus, the conveniences and difficulties of carrying out research were important and must be continuously evaluated, in order to ensure the study able to conduct optimally even during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.


Examining the characteristics of vegetation change and associated spatial patterns under different protection levels can provide a scientific basis for national park protection and management. Based on the dense time-series Landsat enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data between 1986 and 2020, we utilized the Wild Binary Segmentation (WBS) approach to detect spatial and temporal characteristics of abrupt, gradual, and total changes in Wuyishan National Park. The differences in vegetation change in three protection-level areas (strictly protected [Prots], generally protected [Prot], and non-protected [NP]) were examined, and the contributions to their spatial patterns were evaluated through Geodetector. The results showed the following: (1) The highest percentage of area without abrupt change was in Prots (39.89%), and the lowest percentage was in NP (17.44%). The percentage of abrupt change frequency (larger than three times) increased from 4.40% to 9.10% and 12.49% with the decreases in protection. The significance test showed that the difference in changed frequencies was not significant among these regions, but the interannual variation of abrupt change in Prots was significantly different from other areas. (2) The vegetation coverage of the Wuyishan National Park generally improved. The total EVI change (TEVI) showed that the positive percentage of Prots and Prot was 90.43% and 91.71%, respectively, slightly higher than that of NP (88.44%). However, the mean greenness change of NP was higher than that of Prots and Prot. (3) The park's EVI spatial pattern in 1986 was the strongest factor determining the EVI spatial pattern in 2020; the explanatory power reduced as the protection level decreased. The explanation power (q value) of abrupt vegetation change was lower and increased as the protection level decreased. The interaction detection showed that EVI1986 and TEVI had the strongest explanatory powers, but the explanatory ability gradually weakened from 0.713 to 0.672 to 0.581 in Prots, Prot, and NP, respectively. This study provided a systematic analysis of vegetation changes and their impacts on spatial patterns.


Large errors in parametric estimates lead to unacceptably large transients in linear adaptive control, and particularly in nonlinear adaptive control using a single identification model. We demonstrate that a multiple model, switching and tuning methodology substantially improves the transient performance for a class of nonlinear systems, and copes with rapid changes in the plant parameters. The proof of stability of the resulting nonlinear adaptive control system is presented.


Performing distant teaching with constructivist scenarii means having an adequate learning environment that allows rich communication exchanges, integrates both support tools for learners and tutors (e.g. portfolio, journal) as well as knowledge management tools. Constructivist learning is demanding in terms of human tutoring since tutors have to guide the learner in his/her knowledge construction. An appropriate Tutoring Support Structure (TSS) is thus also a requirement for tutors to work in efficient conditions. The first analysis of a constructivist teaching experience using both an adequate learning environment and a Tutoring Support Structure reveals the important role distributed cognition plays in such teaching and learning strategies.


High-resolution near-infrared (1.65-2.1 μm) images and 2 μm polarimetric images of the inner 19.″5 × 19.″3 region of the bipolar protoplanetary nebula CRL 2688, taken with the newly installed Near-Infrared Camera and Multiobject Spectrometer (NICMOS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), are reported. The NICMOS images reveal a wealth of structure also seen in HST Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images but not detected in previous, ground-based near-infrared imaging studies. In particular, we detect a system of concentric arcs centered on, and twin "searchlight beams" emanating from, the obscured central star. The images also show two sharply bounded spindle-shaped polar cavities with point-symmetric structure, and the 2.122 μm H2 S(1) v = 1-0 emission-line image clearly resolves the sharp interface between the high-velocity outflow that produces these polar cavities and the surrounding slow outflow that forms the extended nebula. The H2 image also resolves the bright equatorial H2 emission into distinct components and elucidates their detailed morphologies. We have discovered, within the dark lane that bifurcates the bipolar lobes of CRL 2688, a compact source of unpolarized light. Our imaging polarimetry shows that this source is not the post-asymptotic giant branch star that illuminates the nebula; we conclude that the compact source is a companion star.


This study estimates the economic impact of Research and Technology Organisations (RTOs) on firms' productivity. The effectiveness and efficiency of public intervention has become a prominent aspect in the design of measures addressing RTOs, and their subsequent allocation of public support. This also holds for financing. As a way to indicate their relevance and role in the innovation system of RTOs such as the Dutch RTO, TNO, RTOs should therefore be able to indicate the impact of the knowledge they create on the economy. This goes beyond providing insight into the economic footprint of the financing of RTOs, i.e. "rippling effect" resulting from (re)spending of the financial support; on salaries, equipment, etc. Results show that firms that use TNO services have 14-17 percent higher value added in the next year, compared to similar firms that did not use TNO services. We correct for selection bias of firms that use TNO services, by applying the propensity score matching method that ensures that firms in the treatment group and control group are comparable. For each firm in the treatment group, a counterfactual with a similar probability to use TNO services is selected in the control group. Our results are in line with existing research assessing the role and relevance of RTOs. We subsequently can conclude that the impact of RTOs is significantly positive on firm output.


Note: Abstracts: New Frontiers of Bioprocess Development, The 4th Japanese - Swiss Joint Meeting on Bioprocess Development, Kyoto, Japan, November 28-29, 1994 Reference LBE-POSTER-1994-001 Record created on 2005-03-02, modified on 2016-08-08


Micro-forces are important in MEMS and interfacial physics.Intermolecular interactions are the source of micro-forces,but some necessary research are still absent,such as the effective rang of micro-forces and whether the force should be dealt as surface forces or not.In this paper,based on the Van der Waals potential and Lennard-Jones potential,a cut-sphere method is presented,and then the interaction potentials and forces between molecule and half-space and between micro-sphere and half-space are calculated separately.With dimensionless quantities,the effective interaction-range of intermolecular forces is discussed by changing the integration radius of this method,and the calculation effect with Van der Waals potential or Lennard-Jones potential to expressing the intermolecular interaction are also compared.Finally, whether the intermolecular forces should be dealt as surface force or body force is also discussed.


T TIS CUSTOMARY, in those of Shakespeare's plays that deal with questions of sovereignty, for various political, moral, and thematic conflicts to find their dramatic representation in the personal struggle between two men. One thinks, in this connection, of Richard II and Bolingbroke, Hal and Hotspur, Richmond and Richard III, Antony and Octavius Caesar, and, of course, Hamlet and Claudius. To be sure, such distinct polarizing is not inevitable-the assassination of Julius Caesar and the usurpation of Prospero's dukedom, to take examples almost at random, are both accomplished by groups of conspirators, rather than by single opponents. Still, the traditional contest between agonist and antagonist is so central to the Western dramatic tradition that it may be considered a norm of sorts. It is often instructive, therefore, to notice where Shakespeare departs from-it, and to ask what function such departures serve. Such a question arises with regard to Macbeth, for the forces which oppose Macbeth are under joint leadership: it is Malcolm who represents royal legitimacy in Scotland, but it is Macduff who defends it by confronting and killing the tyrant. Like Malcolm, Macduff has lost a family to Macbeth, and like him he is a patriot; if their roles are not actually redundant, then, they overlap somewhat, and, purely in terms of dramatic expediency, it is hard to see why Malcolm should not have assumed them both, with Macduff disappearing from the play altogether. Perhaps the reason lies in the fact that the historical figure of Macduff was too well known for him to have been left out of the story. Since the events treated by the play had a good deal of bearing upon the establishment of the royal family that occupied the throne at the time the play was written, moreover, Shakespeare may have felt it advisable to follow the source with some fidelity. The play itself offers us another explanation of Macduf's function, however, one which begins to emerge during the curious scene in which Malcolm tests Macduff by confessing to a series of monstrous crimes in order to determine, by his responses, what Macdufis true nature is. Macduff listens to chilling accounts of Malcolm's "lust" and "avarice," but is willing to overlook them. "All these are portable, / With other graces weigh'd," he says.' But when Malcolm admits that he would "confound / All unity on earth," Macduff can temporize no longer:


This paper mainly studies on the morphologies of Platinum(Pt) nanoparticles decorated on polyanilene(PANI)and their influence on the sensitivity of glucose biosensor. Seldom researches were carried on the morphologies of Pt nanoparticles and the optimization of parameters. Compared by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), cyclic voltammetry(CV) and glucose current response, Pt completely wrapped PANI nanofibers shows better electrochemical stability, sensitivity and larger catalytic area than different kinds of Pt decorated PANI membranes. Pt completely wrapped PANI nanofibers are provided by electrochemical deposition Pt nanoparticles on PANI nanofibers under a special voltage. The average diameter of nanofibers which form porous Pt/PANI membrane is 100 nm. CVs of this membrane become stable in seven circles and provide a higher current peak which indicates larger catalytic area. The sensitivity indicated by current-time glucose response is several times of the other membranes.


The relationship between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) index, hostility scale and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in the long-term treatment outcome has been rarely studied. The aim of this study was to explore whether the ANS index and hostility scale at baseline are predictors of long-term outcome in GAD. Nine patients with GAD were recruited. At baseline (week 0), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and mean heart rate range (MHRR) were measured as ANS index; the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale was assessed as hostility. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) was administered at baseline, short-term (week 6) and long-term (week 52). The aggressive response subscale of the hostility scale was significantly negatively correlated with the HAM-A change ratio in short-term and long-term, while MHRR were significantly positively correlated with these change ratios. The MHRR and the aggressive response subscale at baseline could be predictors of long-term outcome in GAD.


This paper describes various information services based on Voice Activated Browser system, which are available while driving. Drivers can use the browser safely by voice operation while driving, and obtain information on the current location vicinity by synthesized voice. The target is to provide these services to drivers even while holding the steering wheels. To realize these services, a new description language which can construct a voice controllable human-machine interface, web browser adapted to voice operation, and a function to calculate current location have been designed. Lastly, some future systems in vehicles as applications of the Voice Activated Browser system are proposed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.


Six neonatal intensive care monitors have been assessed in a busy special baby care unit for reliability and ease of operation in everyday use. The functions offered are compared and their relevance to clinical applications discussed.


Composite bridges with sheet pile abutments using modular elements proof to be both economical and ecological efficient under a holistic assessment of costs. However, a standardized solution with widespread acceptance is currently missing in practice. In the present paper, a concept of a modular connection between superstructure in steel composite construction using hot-rolled profiles and integral steel sheet pile abutments is presented: A concept applying combined sheet pile walls for bridge spans up to 30-45m and referencing the Knife Edge-Support (KES). The load paths are analysed numerically, and the influencing parameters are identified. Finally, the experimental test campaign to proof the suitability of the connections will be shown. The research work is supported technically and financially by the FOSTA (Research Association for Steel Application) with funding from Stiftung Stahlanwendungsforschung, Essen (Germany).


This research was conducted by combining the theoretical insights of communication accommodation theory and the communicative predicament model (CPM) of aging with methodological procedures drawn from the study of interethnic communication. Accordingly, young adult respondents were asked to describe two recent conversations with an older person, one satisfying and the other dissatisfying. Results indicated that older communicators in dissatisfying conversations were characterized as being underaccommodative and negatively expressive and as stereotyping young people. In response, young people frequently characterized themselves as reluctant accommodators. In addition, dissatisfying conversations were judged as more "intergroup" than those that were satisfying. Suggested improvements for dissatisfying conversations often were placed primarily on the shoulders of the older counterparts. In contrast, in satisfying conversations, older interactants were construed as supportive, telling interesting stories, astereotypical of older people, and positively expressive. However, these same encounters often were characterized by mixed positive and negative emotions, and few suggested improvements were proffered. The data are interpreted theoretically in relation to accommodation theory and the CPM as suggesting that both satisfying and dissatisfying intergenerational conversations sustain ageist ideologies.


BACKGROUND: In many medical schools Cadavers form the initial "patient" contact and there is very little information available about these "patients" due to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996.  Most of the cadavers we dissect are from individuals in their 70s, 80s, and even 90s, therefore it must be assumed that each patient had other medical conditions during their lifetime. Consequently, we decided to develop VP from the cadavers and by undertaking CT imagery on many of the bodies prior to their dissection to more fully determine their medical history as radiological analysis offers more information than "cause of death (COD)" could ever offer.METHODS: A total of 44 bodies were imaged on a CT prior to their dissection in the gross lab, and from these cases we have developed interactive Virtual Patients (VP) with diseases of the CNS. These VP were created by a team of basic scientists and clinical scientists. Anatomical models were created for each of these cases from the stacks of DICOM collected from the Siemens Somatom Sensation 64 slice dual energy Computer Tomographic Imaging scanner. The OsiriX and OsiriX -MD program on a Mac Pro computer were used to create anatomical models and videos to illustrate the major findings in each VP.RESULTS: From these cadavers, we created Virtual Patients by combining the COD and the results of the radiological analysis with the clinical expertise of the development team. Finally using cutting-edge medical imaging technology, we produced interactive VP with self-assessment quizzes and anatomical models demonstrating the anatomical and pathological findings in each case.CONCLUSIONS: With the aid of a team of basic scientists and clinical scientist and with the cooperation of a Department of Radiology one can develop VP which demonstrate the effects of disease in the CNS. Key Words:  Anatomical models, Cadavers, Interactive Cases, OsiriX and OsiriX-MD, Virtual Patients, Videos


Flow distribution characteristics of China No.3 kerosene(RP-3) in vertical parallel U-turn tubes were experimentally investigated under supercritical pressures.Based on the experimental results,the effects of temperature,pressure and asymmetrical heat flux to the flow distribution characteristics of the RP-3 were analyzed.In the experiments,the inner and outer diameters of the test tube are 1.8 mm and 2.2 mm respectively;the mass flow rate is maintained at 4 g/s under the pressure from 3 to 5 MPa,and the heat flux changes from 60 to 240 kW/m2.The test results indicate that static unsteady phenomenon will be induced when fuel temperature is close to its pseudo-critical point under the lower pressure,which leads to flow imbalance and flow redistribution between the two tubes.In addition,the mass flow in the branch tube is significantly affected by the non-uniformity of heat flux,and the system stability can be improved effectively by the increase of pressure and which will inhibit the flow distribution differences in the parallel pipes.


Within a lifecycle model, the marginal tax rate is defined as the increase in lifetime tax liability due to a unit increase in income. Under a flat rate income tax, the marginal tax rate on labor income is a declining function of age, distorting the intertemporal labor-supply decision. If the consumption/leisure and intertemporal consumption decisions are nonseparable, their relationship will shift the level of this function over the lifecycle, thereby affecting the tax's distortion of the consumption/leisure choice.


This research aimed to identify taking advantage of educational and academic realized from Arab satellite channels specialized in cooking and household chores among university students. It falls, according to its objectives under the descriptive approach procedures using the method of case studies. The researcher chose a random sample in a systematic way of (275) female students from the Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Specific Education, Minia University, was the application of a survey they form to collect the required data. Search results concluded that no statistically ةدافلإا تيميلعتلا تيميداكلأا تققحتملا نم ثايئاضفلا تصصختملا يف لا يهط لامعلأاو تيلزنملا يذل ثابلاطلا ثايعماجلا . تيعىنلا تيبرتلا ثلااجم يف ثىحبلا تلجم – دذعلا نماثلا 67 significant differences at the level of 0.01 between the exposure level of female university students Seatsample to the satellite channels specialized in cooking and household chores and aspects of the educational benefit in the dimension of knowledge for the benefit of higher grade than they answered yes. Nor did it inferred statistically significant differences between the level of exposure of female university students -Sample Seatsatellite channels specialized in cooking and dimensions of educational advantage in skill dimension of these channels. In addition to that found statistically significant at the 0.05 level differences between the exposure of female university students -Sample Seatsatellite channels specialized in cooking and household chores and the dimensions of the educational benefit at the emotional dimension of these channels in favor of Yes level. It also found statistically significant differences at the level of 0.01 among university students -Sample Seataccording to the esteem in average grades and dimensions of the total educational benefit to the satellite channels specialized in cooking and household chores. In addition to that found differences between university students -Sample Seat(according to the previous semester estimate) direction to benefit from specialized in cooking and household chores satellite TV.


The invention relates to a steam compressing type refrigeration/thermoelectric conversion combined type LED lighting device which comprises an LED plane light source, a steam compressing type refrigerating system and a heat recovering device. The LED plane light source comprises an LED chip, a circuit layer, a sealing layer and an insulating layer, wherein the circuit layer, the sealing layer and the insulating layer are packaged on the lower surface of an inner substrate. The steam compressing type refrigerating system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling valve and an evaporator. The evaporator is attached to the upper surface of the inner substrate to cool the LED chip. The heat recovering device comprises thermoelectric converters, cooling fins and an electric energy storing unit. The hot ends of the thermoelectric converters are attached to the outer side face of the inner substrate and the pipe belt type condenser respectively, and correspondingly, the cold ends of the thermoelectric converters are attached to an outer substrate provided with the cooling fins and fins in the condenser respectively, and the cold ends and the hot ends of the thermoelectric converters are connected to the electric energy storing unit through output wires after being connected in parallel. The electric energy storing unit distributes electric energy to the LED light source. The steam compressing type refrigeration/thermoelectric conversion combined type LED lighting device meets the high heating flux heat dissipating requirement of the large-power LED chip, and meanwhile, recycling of waste heat is achieved.


A series of 252 isolated aortic homograft valves in 248 patients have been followed for 9 to 16.5 years (mean 10.8). The valves were sterilized in antibiotic solution and stored in a nutrient medium at 4 degrees C and were nonvital. There were 15 in-hospital deaths (6%) and a mortality of 2.7% in patients undergoing an elective first operation. Actuarial survival with the study valve in situ was 57% at 10 years and 38% at 14 years. Only 8.4% of the patients died late from homograft valve failure, chiefly because of failure to refer patients with endocarditis for reoperation or because reoperation was refused in elderly, frail subjects. Incompetence was the sole cause of valve failure and was due either to valve wear or endocarditis. Significant incompetence required reoperation. On actuarial analysis, freedom from significant incompetence for the entire group was 95% at 5 years, 78% at 10 years, and 42% at 14 years. Factors increasing the risk of significant incompetence due to valve wear on multivariate ...


Work in an advanced Macintosh-based desktop publishing environment and perform visual concepts, design formats, planning and technical production of all levels of publications produced for the University. Publications, adapted both for print and online media, include: recruitment, alumni, fund-raising, and promotional publications; periodicals; and special events and specialty pieces such as posters, programs and advertisements. Assist in maintaining related Web content and producing related e-communications.


This work extends the clinical benefits of phased array transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with high detail and contrast resolution to include neonatal patients. We have built several prototype 64 element, 7.5 MHz phased array transducers housed in 6.2 mm endoscope shafts for use with commercially available imaging systems. The acoustic design is standard, but the miniaturized packaging of the electrical connections was quite challenging. The endoscopes demonstrate very good structural resolution and excellent sensitivity for color flow imaging and CW Doppler. They have been used on patients as small as 1.9 kg, frequently as an anatomical guide during catheter based interventions and during congenital-heart surgery. Array test data and representative clinical studies are shown


The mathematical model explaining the transport processes in the vibrational motion of continuum is dwelt on. The dependence of dimension of the transfer coefficient on the vibration frequency is established. It is proved that the transtsillyator transfer coefficient is proportional to the square of amplitude. This fact is a direct indication of the irreversibility of the process, which corresponds to the nature of the thermal conductivity.


The photoelectric properties of a new type of solar cells produced by chemical vapour deposition of carbon onto transition metal Ni and Co are presented. Photoelectric properties occurred when the junctions were exposed to X-ray but values were found to be independent on the type of transition metal used as substrate.


tryptophan-acid test described by Seibert (9) was only 66 per cent correct in diagnosing the presence of malignancy when used as a test for malignancy by us. Approximately the same percentage in the use of the iodoacetate index described by Huggins (4)' has been reported (2, 3, 6). The work re ported below confirms, with a larger series of cases, the finding that neither test is a specific diagnostic test for cancer. In addition, it shows that, al though the simultaneous use of both tests increases somewhat the per cent accuracy of diagnosis, the use of both tests together is likewise not sufficient ly specific for the accurate diagnosis of malig nancy. Seibert thought the substance producing the tryptophan-acid reaction might be the result of tissue breakdown. Studies of the tests on pa tients after operation, when tissue destruction oc curs (1, @5, 8), were inconclusive. OBSERVATIONS