DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRITISH AND CHINESE VIEWS OF LAW FOREBODE UNCERTAINTIES FOR HONG KONG'S PEOPLE AFTER THE 1997 TRANSFER Steven L. Chant I. INTRODUCTION In 1984, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ( Britain ) formally agreed to re- turn its dependent territory of Hong Kong to the People's Re- public of China ( China ) under the terms of a bilateral Joint Declaration. 1 In this declaration, Britain relinquished sover- eignty over Hong Kong in exchange for China's commitment to adhere to various international human rights standards and to refrain from implementing socialist policies or systems in Hong Kong for at least fifty years from the 1997 transfer date. 2 Be- cause of the tremendous number of differences between Hong Kong and China, the ramifications for this unprecedented return t Associate at Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy in the Capital Markets Group. Boston College Law School (J.D. 1995); University of California at Berke- ley (A.B. 1990 with honors); member of the New York, New Jersey and Massachu- setts Bars. For taking the time to review earlier drafts and for providing helpful comments and guidance, I am grateful to Professor Robert C. Berring, University of California at Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall); Associate Professor Robert Chu, Rutgers University School of Law - Newark; and Associate Professor Thomas B. Gold, University of California at Berkeley, Sociology Department. 1. Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Brit- ain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong, December 19, 1984, 1985 Gr. Brit. T.S. No. 26 (Cmnd 9543) [hereinafter Joint Declaration]. The bilaterally negotiated Joint Declaration became effective on May 27, 1985. The document was initialed by China and Britain on September 26, 1984, formally signed by both nations on December 19, 1984, rati- fied by the British Parliament in March 1985 and ratified by China's National Peo- ple's Congress on April 10, 1985. See Patricia Homan Palumbo, Comment, Analysis of the Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Hong Kong: What do They Guarantee the People of Hong Kong After 1997?, 6 CoNN. J. INT'L L. 667, 674 (1991). 2. See Joint Declaration, supra note 1, Annex I, parts. I, XIII.


Constitutive heterochromatin is commonly associated with high levels of repressive epigenetic marks and is stably maintained transcriptionally silent by the concerted action of different, yet convergent, silencing pathways. Reactivation of heterochromatin transcription is generally associated with alterations in levels of these epigenetic marks. However, in mutants for particular epigenetic regulators, or upon particular environmental changes such as heat stress, heterochromatin-associated silencing is destabilized without noticeable changes in epigenetic marks. This suggests that transcription can occur in a non-permissive chromatin context, yet the factors involved remain poorly known. Here, we show that heat stress-induced transcription of heterochromatin depends on the TFIIH component UVH6 and the Mediator subunit MED14. Mutants for these two factors exhibit hypersensitivity to heat stress, and under these conditions, UVH6 and MED14 are required for transcription of a high number of loci. We further show that MED14, but not UVH6, is required for transcription when heterochromatin silencing is destabilized in the absence of stress. In this case, MED14 requires proper chromatin patterns of repressive epigenetic marks for its function. We also uncover that MED14 regulates non-CG DNA methylation at a subset of RNA-directed DNA methylation target loci. These findings provide insight into the control of heterochromatin transcription upon silencing destabilization and identify MED14 as a regulator of DNA methylation.


Introduction Fiber-optical transmission of microwave (MW) and millimeter-wave (MMW) signals in the λ=1.55 μm wavelength window has become an intensive research area of MW photonics recently [1]. A main field of potential applications is the optical transmission and wireless distribution of broadband data in future picocellular access systems [2-5]. A seemingly simple solution utilizes very high-speed external modulators or direct modulated lasers and ultra-fast optical receivers for MW/MMW signal distribution over the optical network. Then in the last few hundred meters the optically fed base station is connected to the subscribers by MW or MMW radio channels. The increasing demand for higher and higher carrier frequencies in the radio channels requires even MMW optical links. Amplification is performed in the optical path by Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). However, chromatic dispersion of standard singlemode fibers (SMF) at λ=1.55 μm leads to a drastic penalty in detected signal strength [4-7].


Deep Q-learning (DQL) method has been proven a great success in autonomous mobile robots. However, the routine of DQL can often yield improper agent behavior (multiple circling-in-place actions) that comes with long training episodes until convergence. To address such problem, this project develops novel techniques that improve DQL training in both simulations and physical experiments. Specifically, the Dynamic Epsilon Adjustment method is integrated to reduce the frequency of non-ideal agent behaviors and therefore improve the control performance (i.e., goal rate). A Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) global path planner is designed in the physical training process so that the agent can reach more goals with less collision within a fixed amount of episodes. The GMapping Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) method is also applied to provide a SLAM map to the path planner. The experiment results demonstrate that our developed approach can significantly improve the training performance in both simulation and physical training environment.


Transformation of a wheat field from conventionally heavy tillage to stripplanting is beneficial considering soil health improvement and savings in cultivation cost. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the experimental field of On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate some available post-emergence herbicides for managing weeds in strip-planted wheat var. BARI Gom-30 and to find out the most effective post-emergence herbicide and its suitable rate for controlling weeds under strip tillage system. Three postemergence herbicides (ethoxysulfuron, carfentrazone-ethyl plus isoproturon and carfentrazone-ethyl) were tested at their label rate and double of the label rate and their performance were compared with two times manual weeded control treatment. The study revealed that application of ethoxysulfuron at label rate and double of the label rate was effective for grass weed control, but not for broadleaf weeds. Application of carfentrazone-ethyl plus isoproturon both at label rate and double of the label rate was effective to control all types of weeds. Moreover, the highest grain and straw yields were recorded from label rate application of carfentrazone-ethyl plus isoproturon and its double rate application was also offered similar results in case of grain and straw yields. However; considering undetermined herbicide residual issue and having adverse effect on wheat leaves and finally on yield, the study discourages double of the label rate application of carfentrazone-ethyl plus isoproturon for managing weeds in wheat under strip tillage system.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 91-99


Invest igat ion of the influence of cosmic flight conditions on the growth of different plants is of great importance for solving various problems of plant biology and ecology in artificial anthropological ecosystems. The results of such studies would allow for the development of long-term cosmic flight strategies, technologies and for the construction of biological systems aimed at the support of life for cosmic teams. It has been previously shown that the growth, development and metabol ism of plants in conditions of space flight did not differ from that of the control organisms cultivated on the Ea r th ' s surface (1,2). Cosmic flight conditions did not influence either the frequency of chromosome aberrations in meiosis or genome polymorphism as studied by R A P D analysis of Pisum sativum L. (3).


In the field of communications, to solve the problem in the prior art that a device management (DM) server needs to communicate with user terminals for multiple times to obtain Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) of various user terminal DM nodes, a DM server, a DM client, and a method for locating a target operation object are provided. The location method includes: obtaining a management command sent by a DM server; and operating a target operation object according to the management command, in which the management command comprises Management Object (MO) location information, MO instance feature node information, and target operation object information. The present invention has the following beneficial effects. A target operation object of a DM client may be located by communicating once, and thus increasing the efficiency of communications between the DM server and user terminals.


In addition to providing an overview of this special issue of Political Communication, this introduction identifies a preliminary set of rules that journalists use for representing politics in the news. These rules guide news decisions in keeping with underlying journalistic norms about the workings of politics and the role of the press in the political system. Such political norms must also be reconciled with professional journalism norms of fairness, and with the economic norms of efficiency and profit that increasingly drive the news business. Reconciling news content aimed at citizens in a democracy with traditional journalism standards and entertainment values has transformed the news itself. Increasingly sensationalistic narratives and dramatic production values both bridge and reflect the tensions among the various norms and practical rules that guide journalists in their daily representations of the political world.


This paper discusses the role of mathematics as a conversational tool in economics. Based on the observation that mathematics is understood as an alternative language to express theoretical concepts and ideas, this paper reports experimental results trying to estimate the potential effects such a use of mathematics as a conversational tool may carry. These results refine certain intuitive statements about the role of mathematics in economic discourse and expose some unexpected effects in merit of further study. In particular, the results show that on average the mere presence of mathematics makes a problem seem more difficult, that mathematical knowledge is primarily attributed to specific training, that using mathematical expressions may decrease the proportion of people able to understand a certain argument and that mathematical arguments are more likely to convince men than women.


This bibliography contains 1224 references on various aspects of oceanography of the Japan/East Sea published between 1832 and 1997. (PDF contains 100 pages)


The establishment of this model test equipment for sewage dilution and diffusion of ocean disposal includes the model experiment theory foundation,the design and manufacture of the test equipment,the tide control system,data collection system,calibration of the test equipment,and so on.After accomplishment the equipment was used in the near field dilution and diffusion model test of Bai Longhang's second sewage outfall.The 1 700 thousand m 3 ·d -1 sewage discharge,the 200 m long diffuser with a  4 200 diameter and the 6  1 400 rising pipes were all reduced according to the model scale.The dilution test was carried out under different conditions.It can be seen from the test that sewage dilutes and diffuses with the rise and fall of the Yangtze Estuary,and the area enveloped by 50 times and 100 times dilution isoline is different under different tidal stencils.The results indicate that the design of the model is correct,the test equipment is reasonable,the tidal control is advanced,the date collection is dependable and the model calibration is critical.The development of this device is of great importance to the study of sewage dilution and diffusion of ocean disposal.


In combination with the coking coal resources shortage,uneven distribution and coking coal demand and supply inadaptable background,the coal maceral separation technology was applied to realize the rational utilization of the coking coal resources.The paper stated the study status of the coal maceral measuring method.The paper summarized and compared the working principle,the application scope and the advantages and disadvantages of each measuring method.Meanwhile,under the support of the project of "the analysis and study on coking coal features of Kailuan Mining Area",the paper had a detail analysis and discussion and provided the several proposals on the coal maceral measuring method and the national standard counting point method.


In this issue of the CJNS, Freedman et al (2018) provide a detailed guide to the dual potential approaches to diseasemodifying therapy (DMT) choice in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). The classic, and as of yet unresolved, debate is typically between an induction and escalation approach. With the introduction of natalizumab in 2004 and subsequent additions to our arsenal, the greater potency of agents has brought with them considerable concern about potential rare, but serious, adverse events. In recent years, MS DMTs potentially offer upwards of 70 +% relapse reduction rates (vs. ~ 30% with first-generation injectables), reduced sustained accumulation of disability, and, in addition to marked reduction in new MRI lesions, the possibility of reduced rates of brain atrophy. This is in tandem with our gains in the knowledge that brain volume, and seemingly normalappearing white and grey matter, start to undergo damage and degeneration in the earliest days of the disease. In addition, in recent years, MS treatment goals have been centred around the concept of "no evidence of disease activity, or NEDA", namely no clinical or conventional radiological evidence of activity (NEDA-3 if no evidence of new T2/gadolinium lesions and NEDA-4 with the addition of no evidence of brain atrophy). Those who meet NEDA criteria appear to be at a relatively lower risk of disability accumulation, as NEDA rates at 2 years have shown a 78% positive predictive value of no progression at year 7. That being said, claims about NEDA remain controversial as several studies have not shown NEDA to predict some of the more progressive elements of disease advancement. One argument is that an "as-needed" escalation approach to DMTs, starting with the gentlest agents first, will abrogate adverse events, particularly in a young adult who may live another 40-50 years. However, such a simplistic view does not take into account disease behaviour before DMT selection, which may predict the severity of MS activity to come, nor does it address how and when the decision to escalate should occur. The opposite argument is that, like our colleagues in rheumatology, we should choose from among the most potent agents at the start with the goal of eliminating all signs of disease activity (i.e., a NEDA-like state), which may result in less MS-associated disability in the long term. Furthermore, it might be better to use these agents while the patient is young and relatively disability-free rather than wait. Newer therapies are more effective than the first-generation therapies, yet NEDA remains an elusive goal, with only 48% of ocrelizumab trial patients achieving NEDA at year 2, whereas at 5 years in alemtuzumab trial patients, the proportion was between 58% and 62%. Reserving these therapies for early use in a select group of patients may be a dis-service to other relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients with an uncertain prognosis. With respect to secondand third-line agents, and even some firstline agents, we have had to acknowledge and becomewell versed in a host of new potential serious adverse events, with the need for much closer monitoring and diligence. It is now well known that the risk of progressivemultifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)with natalizumab can be significant and, to some degree, predictable, based on risk factors of time on drug (>24 months), John Cunningham virus (JCV) serology positivity and titre, and past immunosuppressive exposure. In a small percentage of patients, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is associated with a potential drop in lymphocytes, rarely grade 3 or 4 in severity. Left unaddressed, this exposes a patient to both common and opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis (TB) reactivation and PML. In fact DMF has been associated with five cases of PML, although in most cases, unaddressed chronic severe lymphopaenia and older age appeared to be common factors. Fingolimod is associated with rare but potentially serious cardiac complications including symptomatic bradycardia and long QT syndrome. In addition, although disseminated zoster is likely avoidable with proper screening for varicella zoster virus (VZV) immune status, zoster eruptions are not uncommon. Most concerning are the ten and counting known cases of PML in fingolimod users, and without any obvious common predictable features to guide care providers. Alemtuzumab is linked to moderate infusion reactions and has a 30+% risk of thyroid dysfunction, a 2% risk of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) based on clinical trials, and rare glomerular nephropathy syndromes (0.3%). Furthermore, these adverse events can occur up to 4 years after dosing, necessitating monthly lab monitoring for a minimum of 5-6 years. There are also multiple cases of Listeria monocytogenes infections, including meningitis, associated with alemtuzumab, probably in those who have ingested unpasteurised dairy products. Ocrelizumab is associated with infusion reactions, infections including zoster, and an as of yet to be clarified potential association with malignancy, particularly breast cancer. These risks can be mitigated, and the risk of future disability with inadequately treated MS cannot be underestimated. The intricacies of choosing the best therapy for MS patients is unlikely to boil down to a simple, one size fits all guideline. Such choices must take into account the long-term benefit of avoiding disease activity early, aspiring to NEDA, as well as the individual patient's goals and risk tolerance. At the very least, such decisions and oversight should ideally be under the care of an MS speciality clinic/centre to ensure optimal patient disease monitoring, as well as


Biochemical weapons, called as a poor nation's nuclear-weapon, are most favorable Weapons of Mass Destruction(WMD). At the beginning of war, these biochemical weapons, which can threaten the operations of our forces and cause the anxiety and chaos of people, should be used to attack our principle facilities. And these attacks might be conducted as a long term scenario over the war. Consequentially, our military training as well as civilian-military joint training have been focused on these circumstances to improve defense capability against the invasion of biochemical weapons. Add to these efforts, there have been a lot of researches to develop advanced decontaminations that can secure our troops and equipments. In this study, applicability of the water-soluble decontaminant for the contaminated aircraft was evaluated. The water-soluble decontaminant has been applied to the military stations and ground weapon systems only. According to the theoretical analyses and published papers, the water-soluble decontaminant has been shown better decontamination capability than commercial cleaner by roughly 50%. Furthermore, as a result of experiment efforts in this study, it was showed that the water-soluble decontaminant can reduce corrosion risk which is primary concern for the aircraft structures.


81 soil samples are collected from 9 soil profiles in Tieganlike oasis desert transition zone in the lower researches of Tarim River,based on which the spatial patterns of soil properties are analyzed by using non-parametric method and ANOVA.The relationship between plant species diversity and soil factors is also examined by using grey correlation analysis.Apart from the total P,the organic matter,total N,and total K distribute differentially in vertical profile,with significant differentiation at round 50 cm soil depth.In Tieganlike section along the Tarim River,the plant species diversity decreases from upper to lower reaches in correspondence to the same trend of soil nutrients.Consequently,the plant communities degrade from complexity to singleness,i.e.from the compound communities of arbor(predominated by Populus euphratica)+shrub(predominated by Tamarix spp)+herbage to pure Tamarix community.Grey correlation analysis indicates that there are significant relationships between plant species diversity and soil organic matter,total N,total P,and total K in the 0~50 cm soil layer.


Uncertainties regarding wireless propagation environments pose challenges for spectrum management in general and specifically hinder the implementation of dynamic spectrum sharing systems. Without the ability to reliably evaluate interference risks, spectrum sharing policies specify spectrum access behaviors such as exclusion zones and maximum transmit powers based on risk thresholds applied to statistical results from propagation models and measurements. Because the models can contain significant levels of uncertainty, establishing behavior limits for low interference risk necessarily results in significant spectrum access inefficiencies. It is only by reducing the degree of uncertainty that risk thresholds can be maintained while increasing spectrum access efficiency. Probabilistic reasoning applied to dynamic spectrum sharing systems provides potential to increase spectrum sharing by reducing situational uncertainty. Further, probabilistic reasoning approaches enable risk-constrained spectrum access, a concept in which regulators and spectrum users establish spectrum access rules defining acceptable levels of interference and spectrum access risks. This paper develops the concepts and underlying theory of probabilistic reasoning and risk-constrained spectrum access for spectrum sharing. It further presents simulation results showing that situation-specific probabilistic reasoning combined with risk-constrained spectrum access potentially enables greater spectrum sharing. Specifically, probabilistic reasoning with real-time spectrum sensing is shown to greatly reduce situational uncertainty, which then results in better interference prevention and more effective spectrum sharing as measured by user capacity and overall network density.


The gal locus from Haemophilus influenzae was cloned and sequenced. Four genes were identified by amino acid homology: galT, galK, galM an6 galR. The coding direction of galT, galK and galM is divergent from that of galR. There are non‐coding intergenic regions between gaIR and galT, galT and galK, and galK and galM. Deletion‐insertion mutations constructed in galK and galE, which is in Iic3, were moved into the H. influenzae chromosome generating each of the single mutants as well as the double gal mutant. Even when grown on complex media, the double mutant failed to react with an anti‐lipopolysac‐charide monoclonal antibody known to react with a digalactoside epitope. Both the galE single and the galEgalK double mutants were serum‐sensitive and relatively avirulent in infant rats, indicating a critical role for galactose metabolism, and providing evidence to support a central role for lipopolysaccharide, in H. influenzae virulence.


We classify all quadratic imaginary number fields that have a
Euclidean ideal class. There are seven of them, they are of class number at most two, and in each case the unique class that generates the class-group is moreover norm-Euclidean.


The quality of the software is measured primarily against the degree to which user requirements, such as correctness, reliability and usability are met. The use of a well defined model of the software development process and good analysis, design and implementation techniques are prerequisite to ensuring quality. Software Quality Attributes are the benchmarks that describe system's intended behavior within the environment for which it was built. The quality attributes provide the means for measuring the fitness and suitability of a product. Essential quality attributes need to be characterized in a system-specific way. Most of the Software architecture evaluation methods were not addressing the essential quality attributes. This paper present a report collected from large software firms which gives set quality attributes playing a vital role in getting quality software.


This paper aims at analyzing the legal aspects connected to the policy adopted by a public office of Mexico City, that provides for the use of Periscope to record and publicly share videos of citizens violating the law. During the first months of 2016 a city manager of the Miguel Hidalgo neighborhood of Mexico City became the object of a heated public debate, for using Periscope while on duty to record and share videos of citizens breaking the law. Such behavior, supported by the head of the Hidalgo administration, divided public opinion. On one side, the Human Rights Commission of Mexico City and other public administrations harshly criticized the policy, based on the assumption that it violated fundamental rights of the citizens involved and fell outside of the powers granted to that official. On the other side, part of the public opinion supported the policy, due to the circumstance that the citizens were recorded while violating the law in flagrante and in public, and to the important role played by the transparency principle for Mexican public authorities. Following the polemics, Mexico City local authorities appointed a committee, which is currently working on a local regulation on the use of Periscope and other Information Technologies by public authorities. By analyzing the principles and provisions of law involved in the matter (privacy, fundamental rights, effects on fundamental rights of the breaching of the law, shaming punishment, transparency and the abuse of power of public administrations) this paper aims at highlighting the legal issues deriving therefrom and, while the work of the committee is in progress, proposing possible suggestions to conciliate the interests at stake. The first part of the paper introduces the facts happened in Mexico City, providing an explanation of the relevant Mexican legal framework and the role and powers of the authorities involved. The second part analyzes how the existing legal provisions and fundamental principles apply to the facts, highlighting the issues arising from it and the relating grey areas in the Mexican legislation. In this part, a special focus is given to the asymmetrical relationship between public authorities and individuals, and the limitations and protections deriving therefrom. Finally, part three of this paper proposes possible suggestions focusing on limiting the damages to individuals and their fundamental right, while maintaining the possibility for public authorities to benefit from the use of new technologies. Even though the issues deriving from the use of Periscope and other Information Technologies have already been analyzed, the circumstance that this case involves the use of Periscope by public authorities against individuals represents a novelty, and make this analysis necessary and original, especially due to the legal uncertainty existing in the sector. Please note that the author does not wish for this paper to be considered for presentation in the poster session.


Objective To investigate the clinical value on platelet and blood lipid changes of patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.Methods 71 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy were selected in the hospital from February 2011 to June 2012 as the observationⅡgroup.70 type 2 diabetic patients without complications were selected at the same period as the observationⅠgroup.70 health physical examination personnel were selected at the same period as the control group.The platelet and blood lipid level were detected.Results Platelet mean volume,platelet distribution width,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein in the observationⅠgroup were significantly higher than those in the control group.Platelet count,high density lipoprotein in the observationⅠgroup were significantly lower than those in the control group.Difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Platelet mean volume,platelet distribution width,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein in the observationⅡgroup were significantly higher than those in the control group and the observationⅠgroup.Platelet count,high density lipoprotein in the observationⅡgroup were significantly lower than those in the control group and the observationⅠgroup.Difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy has the changes of platelet parameters and abnormal metabolism of blood lipid.Early and timely detection of platelet and blood lipid can provide effective and scientific basis for clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and nephropathy,which has important clinical value for the prevention of the disease.


This chapter contains sections titled: General ACP requirements (Supplemental requirements to current ABS - 1998 rules) US supplement, Section I, Cite: 4/8.9.6-ABS rule - Steering Gear - Controls Generator: ABS-1998 rules related to ACP (ACP Cites and ABS-2002 rules related to the ACP) Emergency switchboards Distribution systems Circuit protection systems Lighting circuits Navigation light systems: ABS rule 1998 related to the ACP, ACP citations, and ABS-2002 rules related to ACP Interior communication systems
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According to the relationship of coordinated interaction between unit output and electricity price, an economic/risk/environmental generation optimal model for maximizing total profits in the dealing day and minimizing both risk and emissions was formulated in this paper. A new multi-objective differential evolution optimization algorithm, which integrated Pareto non-dominant sorting and differential evolution algorithm and improved individual crowding distance mechanism and mutation strategy to avoid premature and unevenly search, was designed to achieve Pareto optimal set of this model. Moreover, fuzzy set theory was employed to extract the best compromise non-dominated solution. The simulation analysis of an example demonstrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm such as integrality of Pareto front, well-distributed Pareto-optimal solutions, high search speed and so on. The proposed approach can effectively solve the multi-objective decision-making optimization problem of generation bidding.


The results of a survey based on data of lichenized fungi collections from some localities in the Atlantic Rainforest of South Brazil are presented. A total of 88 taxa distributed in 18 families and 36 genera were identified; from these, two are new records for Brazil and one is a new occurrence for the State of Rio Grande do Sul.


Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-1254 / Assessing the feasibility of a breathing sensing and registration system based on open source equipment for use with respiratory-gated imaging systems" by: "A. M. Pereira, P. Rogalla; Toronto, ON/CA"


Using a spreadsheet program to simulate the spectral profile of the transmitted radiation and the apparent absorbance for different combinations of bandwidth and peak profiles.


Significance Root hairs are unicellular extensions of root epidermal cells that help plants increase water and nutrient uptake and improve soil anchorage, both of which are crucial for the globally recognized goal of yield improvement with reduced fertilizer use. Previous studies have implicated numerous genes and phytohormones in the control of root hair development. This work uncovers the molecular mechanism of ethylene (ET)-promoted root hair growth and identifies a transcriptional complex consisting of EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 as the key regulator of root hair initiation and elongation. As ET mediates the effects of various root hair stimuli, this work also elucidates a convergent signaling network that integrates diverse environmental cues and intrinsic signals to modulate plant organ development. Root hairs are an extensive structure of root epidermal cells and are critical for nutrient acquisition, soil anchorage, and environmental interactions in sessile plants. The phytohormone ethylene (ET) promotes root hair growth and also mediates the effects of different signals that stimulate hair cell development. However, the molecular basis of ET-induced root hair growth remains poorly understood. Here, we show that ET-activated transcription factor ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) physically interacts with ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6), a well-documented positive regulator of hair cells, and that the two factors directly coactivate the hair length-determining gene RHD6-LIKE 4 (RSL4) to promote root hair elongation. Transcriptome analysis further revealed the parallel roles of the regulator pairs EIN3/EIL1 (EIN3-LIKE 1) and RHD6/RSL1 (RHD6-LIKE 1). EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 coordinately enhance root hair initiation by selectively regulating a subset of core root hair genes. Thus, our work reveals a key transcriptional complex consisting of EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 in the control of root hair initiation and elongation, and provides a molecular framework for the integration of environmental signals and intrinsic regulators in modulating plant organ development.


Seventy house painters were examined after being referred because organic solvent intoxication or dementia was suspected. In 50 cases no competitive etiological factors to the cerebral symptoms other than exposure to organic solvents could be disclosed. In these, neuropsychological examination showed signs of intellectual impairment in 39 patients and neuroradiological examination by PEG or CT demonstrated the presence of cerebral atrophy in 31 patients; 38 patients studied with CT were compaired to an age‐matched control group regarding maximum sulcus width, and a highly significant difference was found. It is argued that long‐term exposure to turpentine substitute ‐ often through a period with acute intoxication symptoms ‐ gradually may lead to the development of a chronic brain syndrome, which we have called the "chronic painters'syndrome".


Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) measurements are typically performed in anechoic rooms. However, the use of mode stirred chambers presents an alternative approach to such test facilities. This paper presents an investigation of the influence of exciting wires' phase shift on field distribution in an alternative mode stirred chamber. The TLM numerical simulations also demonstrate the applicability of this method to generate fields below the lowest resonance frequency in the chamber


Recent trends in the construction of building frame feature the increase use of composite steel concrete members functioning together in what terms of mixed structural systems. One of such systems, RCS(reinforced concrete column and steel beam) system is introduced and closely examined focusing on bearing strength of the composite joint in this paper. The main objective of this study was to develope one of details to increase bearing capacity while bearing failure is one of the two primary modes of failure in RCS system. Local bearing tests with specimens about 1/3 of the actual concrete column size were performed applying uniform load through steel plate with 100mmX110mm size. Test results show that specimens with the bearing reinforcement detail developed in this study enhanced the bearing strength by 1.71-3.02 compared to concrete cylinder strength.


Abstract Synchronization in classes of continuous-time dynamical networks with different topologies is investigated. A synchronization-optimal algorithm based on the synchronization criterion is proposed so as to get the appropriate topology such that complex network has the optimal synchronizability. It has been argued that heterogeneity suppresses synchronization in unweighted networks. However, it is shown in this work that synchronizability of Type I networks is independent of heterogeneity in the degree distribution, while synchronizability of Type II networks is dependent of both heterogeneity and scale of networks. It is presented the more heterogeneous and larger scale, the poorer synchronizability of Type II networks.


The vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are responsible for packaging glutamate into synaptic vesicles, and are part of a family of structurally related proteins that mediate organic anion transport. Standard computer‐based predictions of transmembrane domains have led to divergent topological models, indicating the need for experimentally derived predictions. Here we present data on the topology of the VGLUT ortholog from Drosophila melanogaster (DVGLUT). Using immunofluorescence assays of DVGLUT transiently localized to the plasma membrane of heterologously transfected cells, we have determined the accessibility of epitope tags inserted into the lumenal/extracellular face of the protein. Using immunoisolation, we have identified complementary tagged sites that face the cytoplasm. Our data show that DVGLUT contains 10 hydrophobic regions that completely span the membrane (TMs 1–10) and that the amino and carboxyl termini are cytosolic. Importantly, between TMs 4 and 5 is an unforeseen cytosolic loop of some 50 residues. Other domains exposed to the cytosol include loops between TMs 6–7 and 8–9, and regions C‐terminal to TM2 and N‐terminal to TM3. Between TM2 and 3 is a potentially hydrophobic, but topologically ambiguous region. Lumenal domains include sequences between TMs 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8 and 9–10. These data provide a basis for determining structure‐function relationships for DVGLUT and other related proteins.


This article describes time-resolved measurements of the laser induced chlorophyll fluorescence emission of vegetation in laboratory and from remote. In the view of a possible application of this technique for the remote detection of plant stress, the influence of the exciting laser pulse intensity on the overall fluorescence decay was studied. All the intensity measurements have been performed using picosecond laser excitation and a streak camera detection system. For calibration a single photon c0untin.g apparatus has been used. The fluorescence decay of plants in steady state conditions of photosynthesis is characterized by a medium lifetime of about 0.35-0.40 ns at low intensity of the 50 ps 355 nm excitation pulse. Using an excitation pulse intensity above 1014 photons per cm2 the lifetime in the above mentioned conditions decrease significantly. This shortening is interpreted in terms of exciton annihilation.


Objective:To increase the diversity of hirudin-shuffled libraries by DNA family shuffling method.Methods: PCR products of HV1,HV2 and HV3 genes were combined and digested with DNase Ⅰ.Then random fragments about 50bp were purified and reassembled to the same size of hirudin genes by two amplifications of PCR with or without primers. Pools of hirudin mutant genes were ligated into phagemid pCANTAB-5E vector and three randomly picked clones were sequenced to observe the efficiency of shuffling.Results: The hirudin-shuffled libraries contained 1.2×10~6 different clones and the three clones were hybrids of three parent genes.Conclusion:These results show that a highly shuffled library of hirudin genes has been obtained which lay a substantial foundation for screening hirudin molecules with high bioactivity.


In order to effectively solve the poor AAM robustness of the traditional algorithm of light,Gabor filters filter was used again through the LBP algorithm dimension reduction processing.According to this algorithm fitting results from the initial condition such as the influence factors being great,the algorithm used Adaboost algorithm of face of rotating Angle to estimate,after joining the global increase in the fitting of speed,very good fitting results were achieved.


Abstract In order to better understand the reaction mechanism and to obtain optimal conditions, the Ph 3 P-I 2 /Et 3 N mediated aryl esterification reaction was thoroughly investigated. Using a specific reagent addition sequence, the reaction proceeds remarkably well especially with acidic substrates. 31 P NMR studies revealed that the formation of an aryloxyphosphonium salt is crucial in governing the reaction path toward the formation of phenolic esters.


Objective To determine whether preoperative embolization is a valuable adjunct to surgical excision of hemangioblastoma. Methods Eleven cases of hemangioblastoma, involving 8 of cerebellum , 1 of medulla oblongata and 2 of spinal cord shown by CT, MR and DSA were embolized preoperatively. The feeding arteries were catheterized with microcatheter and devascularized with polyvinyl alchol particles. Results The blood supplies of the tumor in 6 cases were completely eliminated, and partial occlusion through embolization were undergone for the other 5 cases. Surgical operation was undergone 1-7 days later with all, the 11 tumors totally resected acompanied by minimal blood loss and shortening of the operation time. In addition, manipulation and removal of these embolized tumors were actually easier than expected. No complications occurred during the procedures of embolization and operation. Conclusions Preoperative embolization of hemangioblastoma is a useful and relatively safe to surgical complete resection of this hypervascular tumor with significant reduction of blood loss and operation time.


This research aims to develop indicator framework of need analysis Islamic guidance and counseling. Method used in this research base on qualitative research approach. This research using qualitative research under the consideration that this research will reconstructed point of view of new conceptualization by conducting literary study base on practice reflection become counseling with judgment in Indonesia Language expert and guidance and counseling expert but it isn't until validity test and item reliability yet. The result of this research show competence aspect and accomplishment indicator in instrument using Al'Quran sura Lukman verse 12-19, because this sura known as base of Islamic education value and sura Al Furqaan verse 63-74


According to the invention, a maximum output signal of the sensor is measured as the sensor is actuated and voltage is applied to its sensitive element to produce a prescribed heating temperature, whereupon one measures the steady-state output signal of the sensor and the duration of the transient process between the maximum signal and the steady-state signal.


The blood levels of bone metabolism hormones change significantly after vitamin D agents' therapy. Ergocalciferol supplementation treatment can increase blood levels of 25(OH) D and BMP-7 much more than calcitriol. Improving 25(OH) D insufficiency can suppress the endocrine of FGF-23.


Abstract In the report, we described the ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C–H activation/cyclization of 2-arylquinazolinones with vinyl carbonate for the synthesis of different fused quinazolinones. Through this strategy, the 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-8H-isoquinolino[1,2-b]quinazolin-8-one and 8H-isoquino[1,2-b] quinazolin-8-one have been obtained, respectively, under different temperatures. Additionally, the reaction features broad substrate scope and good yields, only producing carbon dioxide as byproduct. Moreover, we performed preliminary mechanistic studies of this reaction and proposed a possible mechanism.


The simulation of a separation control using a synthetic jet around an NACA0015 airfoil at Reynolds number 63,000 is conducted by a large-eddy simulation (LES) with a compact difference scheme. The synthetic jet is installed at a leading edge and actuated with nondimensional frequencies F = 1.0 and 6.0, which is numerically modeled by a threedimensional deforming cavity: "Cavity model" and a two-dimensional boundary condition on the airfoil: " Bc model". The aerodynamic coefficients of the controlled flows are similarly recovered from those of the separated flow using both of the Cavity and Bc model. However, the time-averaged values and flow fields are significantly different in two models, and the use of Bc model on the three-dimensional analysis is not proper. In the case with F = 6, a turbulent transition near the leading edge occurs much earlier with the Cavity model than the Bc model. This result indicates that the spanwise disturbance from the cavity to the separated shear layer should be carefully considered when three-dimensional unsteady analysis is conducted by LES.


A web-based Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) supporting system is integrated with a Product Data Management (PDM) system for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) suffering from the lack of building hardware, software and related experts. An analysis of current business models and worksite requirements provides an improved process model and data to be shared between the PDM system and the CAE supporting system. Since all engineering tasks such as geometric modeling, mesh generation, static stress and vibration analysis, and fatigue durability analysis are automated in the CAE supporting system, the user in charge of the CAE have only to configure the concerned values of design variables and result data through the web page. The existing Change Management module of the PDM system is modified for seamless data exchange, i.e. sending the Engineering Change Order (ECO) data to the CAE supporting system and receiving the CAE result data back. The bi-directional data transfers between the PDM system and the CAE supporting system is made possible by adaptors based on the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). The current approach will be very helpful for SMEs that only have the PDM system and have no adequate infrastructure for CAE.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


BACKGROUND: Evidence has shown that probiotics may have protective or therapeutic effect on atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remains to be addres...


Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is one of the most promising nanomaterials for application in cancer photothermal therapy (PTT).1 This nanomaterial has a high near infrared (NIR) absorption, producing, upon interaction with NIR light, hyperthermia that can cause the death of cancer cells.1 However, rGO is commonly produced using hazardous agents (e.g. hydrazine hydrate), hindering its biocompatibility. Furthermore, the broader use of rGO in cancer PTT is also limited by its poor colloidal stability and inability to target cancer cells. To address these limitations, herein rGO was produced using an environmentally-friendly reduction method and was functionalized with a hyaluronic acid based amphiphilic polymer (HA-rGO) for application in targeted breast cancer PTT (Figure 1). For the production of rGO, the concentration of L-ascorbic acid (1.5 and 3 mM) and the time of reduction (30 to 120 min) were optimized. The results revealed that by treating GO with 3 mM of L-ascorbic acid for 60 minutes, at 80 oC, yields rGO with suitable NIR absorption (mass extinction coefficient of 12.67 L/(g.cm)), at 808 nm) and adequate size distribution for photothermal applications. Subsequently, the attained rGO was functionalized with an HAbased amphiphilic polymer, leading to an improvement in nanomaterials' colloidal stability and cytocompatibility. The HA-rGO also demonstrated a higher internalization in CD44 overexpressing cells, revealing its targeting capacity. Finally, the combination of HA-rGO and NIR light (808 nm, 1.7 W/cm, 5 min) decreased cancer cells' viability to about 6%, further confirming the potential of this nanomaterial for cancer photothermal therapy.


Under the condition of the same field management mode,by research of no subsoiling,no subsurface pipe and no supporting measures(ck1),and no subsoiling but having subsurface pipe(buried in the depth of 0.8 m and spacing of 5 m),supporting measures(application of pig manure 34 m3/hm2 and MM modifier 15 t/hm2)(ck2),and having subsoiling(the subsoiling depth are 0.3 m and 0.6 m),subsurface pipe,supporting measures,the paper draws the conclusion that different subsoiling treatments with buried subsurface pipe has an effect on soil permeability,organic matter content and exchangeable sodium percentage,sodium adsorption ratio and other physical and chemical characters of soda meadow alkaline soil.The results show that ①Compared with ck1 and ck2,S1(0.3 m) and S2(0.6 m) can improve the permeability coefficient of soda meadow alkaline soil;compared with ck1,K10(indicating soil permeability coefficient being tested at 10 ℃) of ck2 has increased by 13.15 times,and K10 of S1 treatment has increased 17.23 times,and K10 of S2 treatment has increased by 17.85 times.②Compared with ck1 and ck2,proportion of soil micro-aggregate in S1 and S2 is both increasing,and the effect of S2 treatment is better than the other.③Compared with ck1,organic matter content,available N content,Olsen-P content,available K content and cation exchangeable capacity of S1 and S2 are all increasing,and S2 is higher than the other,with an increase of 3.58 g/kg than ck1 and 0.94 g/kg than ck2.④Compared with ck1 and ck2,S1 and S2 can reduce soil pH,electrical conductivity,total salt content,total alkalinity,exchangeable sodium percentage and sodium adsorption ratio;pH,electrical conductivity,total salt content,total alkalinity,exchangeable sodium percentage and sodium adsorption ratio of S2 are minimum and they are 7.34,0.42 ms/cm,2.01 g/kg,2.336 cmol/kg,39.47% and 2.405 respectively.With the buried subsurface pipe,subsoiling treatment can improve soil permeability coefficient and reduce the soil pH,electrical conductivity,total salt content,total alkalinity,exchangeable sodium percentage and sodium adsorption ratio,and the treatment of improving soil properties and subsoiling of 0.6 m has the best effect on the amelioration of soda meadow alkaline soil.


This paper proposes an intelligent control method using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of PV module. The method is verified under several irradiance and temperature conditions. DC - DC boost converter is connected between the PV module and the load. Duty cycle of DC - DC boost converter is controlled by ANFIS in order to obtain the MPPT. The ANFIS directly takes operating power and voltage level as input. The proposed system is developed under Simulink-Matlab and the system of PV is simulated in PSIM to verify the effectiveness of method. The results show the proposed method can obtain the highest output power than Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Perturbation and Observation (P&O) method i.e., 30.893 and 42.973 for irradiance is 750W/m2 and 1000W/m2, respectively.


This paper presents an improved cross recurrence quantitative analysis (CRQA) method for bearing degradation evaluation. It extracts CRQA variable from bearings' vibration signals to establish the degradation trend. Due to the fact that traditional process for calculating the hyperparameters of CRQA requires a large amount of time to reconstruct phase space, this step is replaced by calculating divergence rate of each signal sample to cut down the time consumption. After establishing the degradation trend based on the extracted variable, nonlinear auto-regressive neural network (NARNN) is developed to predict future degradation trend. Furthermore, a new failure detection method is investigated to indicate the first failure point during degradation tracking. The method applies temperature signals as auxiliary information to calculate the adaptive threshold and classify extracted features into different health status. The experiments on bearing vibration signals have verified that the improved CRQA method can reduce time consumption by more than 90%. In addition, defect characteristic frequencies extracted using wavelet analysis have validated the detection accuracy.


The North Western Himalayan region is rich in fodder tree species which are traditionally maintains in agriculture fields as an indigenous agro-forestry. The fodder produced from arable land alone, cannot support a large livestock population. Tree fodder is valuable in the hills particularly during winter and summer months when very less availability of green fodder in both quantity and quality. Agroforestry can be a good step to check deforestation and erosion in the hills. It can reduce the dependence on the forest by meeting the requirement of forage, timber and fuel wood locally. Agroforestry will help in Himalayan region to endorse the socio-economic improvement of the people of hills in harmony with safeguarding of ecological balance. In present paper a list of multipurpose tree species (MPTs) is presented with their concise description on their uses, nature and distribution, which are appropriate for agroforestry.


The goal of this article is to propose an environment for negotiation e-learning courses using a workflow approach to help learners to prepare the negotiation. This environment is based on a matrix of complex negotiations and uses modern technologies such as Mining and Visualization Methods. The proposed environment is developed to be used on the web and has mechanisms to connect users' experiences in order to prepare cooperatively the negotiation. The implementation also regards reliability and usability aspects, aiming to have negotiators comfortable to place their negotiation data on the software. This work will also show that the use of negotiation software in e-learning courses can accelerate the students' comprehension of negotiation concepts.


Castoria is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Paregoric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotic substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Feverishness. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates the Stomach and Bowels, giving healthy aml natural sleep. The Children's Panacea—The Mother's Friend.


5-[2-Methoxy-5-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (PDE472) is a selective inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase PDE4D isoenzyme, which is a recognised drug target for the treatment of asthma. Different synthetic routes to PDE472 were investigated, and the research synthesis was optimised to prepare a phase I batch on pilot-plant scale with the focus on the elimination or minimization of inherent process risks. An important refinement of the key Negishi aryl−aryl coupling involved preforming the arylpalladium complex, which was then added to the arylzinc intermediate. Residual palladium was removed from PDE472 via crystallization of the hemi-maleate salt, which afforded drug-substance containing <2 ppm Pd.


The objects of the research in this study are the stages of development of insurer accounting, connected problems and possibilities of achieving of comparable and reliable accounting information. The existing traditions and imposed practices in insurer accounting have been studied, including the influence of Directives of European Union. The applied approaches, harmonization and standardization in accounting practices and their impact on development of insurer accounting and its legal framework have been analyzed. The effective International Financial Reporting Standard 4 Insurance Contracts (effective date 01.01.2005) is presented as realization of the first stage of harmonization of insurer accounting and as an expression of contemporary processes of convergention and globalization in the sphere of accounting.


Tin sulfide (SnS) particles were synthesized by thermal decomposition of tin acetate in a mixed solution of 1-dodecanethiol, one of coordinating solvents such as trioctylphosphine and oleylamine, and 1-octadecene as a noncoordinating solvent at 280 °C for 2 h. The morphology of the obtained SnS particles was determined by transmission electron microscopy. Needlelike SnS particles were obtained by using trioctylphosphine as a coordinating solvent. On the other hand, platelike SnS particles were obtained by using oleylamine. The SnS particles were formed by diffusion of sulfur derived from 1-dodecanethiol into Sn particles. In addition, the aspect ratio of needlelike SnS particles was affected by the amount of 1-dodecanethiol as a sulfur source. The all-solid-state cells using SnS particles with the different morphology as an active material were fabricated. The initial discharge capacity of the all-solid-state cell using needlelike SnS particles as an active material was ca. 1000 mAh g–1, which was larger ...


Necrotrophic plant pathogens pose an important threat to crop production, and many fungi in the Pleosporales have caused the sudden emergence of major epidemics on cereal crops. Tan spot of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is one example, and since its emergence in the 1970s, scientists have explored its virulence and interactions with the host. In this chapter, our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the most significant landmarks in tan spot research over the past 50 years from a plant pathology perspective.


Introduction: Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) comprise a rare variety of genetic disorders, affecting all types of collagen. Herein, we describe a case of the vascular type of EDS, with coexisting segmental absence of intestinal musculature, while simultaneously performing a narrative review of the existing literature. Case Presentation: A 23-year-old male patient with a history of multiple abdominal operations due to recurrent bowel perforations and the presence of a high-output enterocutaneous fistula was admitted to our surgical department for further evaluation and treatment. After detailed diagnostic testing, the diagnosis of vascular-type EDS (vEDS) was made and a conservative therapeutic approach was adopted. In addition, a comprehensive review of the international literature was carried out by applying the appropriate search terms. Results: The diagnosis of vEDS was molecularly confirmed by means of genetic testing. The patient was treated conservatively, with parenteral nutrition and supportive methods. Thirty-four cases of bowel perforation in vEDS have been reported so far. Interestingly, this case is the second one ever to report co-existence of vEDS with Segmental Absence of Intestinal Musculature. Conclusions: Establishing the diagnosis of vEDS promptly is of vital significance in order to ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment. Due to initial non-specific clinical presentation, EDS should always be included in the differential diagnoses of young patients with unexplained perforations of the gastrointestinal tract.


Having often times been urged to given an Account of Virginia, by several of the worthy Members of the Royal Society, I cannot but, as far forth as I am able, obey Commands whereby I'm so much honour'd, and show mu Respect by my ready Compliance; tho' I am so sensible of my own Weakness and Incapacity to answer your Expecations, that before-hand I must Apologize for my self.


Abstract : This bibliography is directed toward the support of sediment bioassays being conducted in the Puget Sound region. However, it also includes information on water column bioassays which may contain methods or results pertinent to sediment assays. This is often the case since many sediment bioassays are adaptations of earlier water column assays (e.g., embryo/larval assays, Microtox). The bibliography addresses seven basic areas: Methods-- Protocols--Reviews, Amphipod bioassays, Embryo/larval bioassays, Polychaete bioassays, Microtox (bacterial luminescence) bioassays, Geoduck bioassays, Multiple testing protocols. (JS)


Pertoleum accumulation of low porosity (is smaller than 12% in general)and permeability (in mostly is 1×10\+\{-3\} μm\+2 or so)of fragmental rock which becomes reservoir is the most primary types of pertoleum accumulations at stabilize cratonic basin or superposed basin in center and west areas of our country. However it find that there are many prolific oil and gas accumulations which have high\|quality reservoir sandstones in low porosity and permeability oil and gas zones by the recently exploration. The authors discuss the forming condition of the high\|quality reservoirs from the structure, sediment and diagensis of high\|quality reservoirs formation and enumerate much element. Expound the principle and method basis that describe and discriminate them. Authors believe that original composition and structure of reservoirs are the most crucial element which effect the feature of physical property, congenital provenance condition is ultimate source of high\|quality reservoir. It is important to explain their genetic from tectonic and deposit environmental condition.


MUGHAL, USMAN AZEEZ. Hierarchical Approach to Global Modeling of Active Antenna Arrays. (Under the direction of Michael B. Steer.) This thesis presents an hierarchical modeling approach to electromagnetic modeling of electrically large planar structures. The computer aided design tool, ArraySim, is ideally suited for modeling active antenna arrays. The structure is sketched in a graphical layout tool which produces a layout file in a CIF format. The CIF file is parsed, circuit ports identified and basis cells assigned. A search algorithm is used to minimize repetitive calculations of elements thus increasing speed and efficiency. An independent MoM analysis tool is called to fill an evolving impedance/admittance matrix, element by element. ArraySim is a complete modeling scheme for spatial power combining arrays targeted at producing tens and hundreds of watts of power at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. While ArraySim is targeted at spatial power combining arrays, it can be used to model any tri-layer structure if appropriate MoM routines are used. Using ArraySim, we study the behavior of double-slot stripline coupled (SSS) and folded-slot structures. Unit cell as well as arrays are simulated and results are compared with published results.


Bulging is a forming method to shape of die cavity by using hydraulic pressure in tube or vessel. Bulging machine and die were developed in order to produce vessel for keeping warm. Bulging machine is a double type with two horizontal cylinders for bulging of two pieces at the same time. The developed die system has one bulging die and two drawing dies for necking at the both ends of tube. The diameter of tube expands by hydraulic pressure in tube. at the same time, thrust at the both ends of tube. pushes tube in the direction of expansion to obtain high expanding rate with no crack. In this study, the bulging properties were investigated to solve tube crack and necking in manufacturing vessel by the combination method of bulging and drawing. As a result, high expanding rate of tube radius without crack, precision necking and high productivity were obtained.


"SHIRASU" is distributed chiefly in southern Kyushu and consists of volcanic ash, pumice and other materials. SHIRASU and coral limestone were used as raw materials of autoclave-hardened bodies. The press molded and then autoclaved bodies were prepared as follow; mixing ratio of SHIRASU: coral limestone=1:1, 3:1, 6:1, mixing water 15%, press-molding pressure 200kg/cm2, curing pressure 5-15kg/cm2, curing time 4-16hrs. Results are as follows; apparent density 1.81-1.93, bulk density 1.41-1.54, water absorption 21-29%, compressive strength 46-505kg/cm2.The porous lightweight autoclaved bodies were prepared as follow; mixing ratio of SHIRASU: coral limestone=1:1, 2:1, 4:1, mixing water 54-90%, Al powder 0.05-0.75%, curing pressure 10kg/cm2, curing time 10-40hrs. Results are as follow; apparent density 1.05-2.54, bulk density 0.48-0.90, apparent porosity 51-86%, compressive strength 4-85kg/cm2.


Objective:To explore the different causes and preventive methods of mental retardation(MR).Methods:223 children with MR have been diagnosed and exanimate.Results:In these 223 children,18.8%are in light state(42.8%are undetermined etiology),40.8%are in middle state(38.4%are undetermined etiology),32.8%are in heavy state(32.9%are undetermined etiology) and 7.6%are in very heavy state(23.5%are undetermined etiology).Conclusion;To prevent the prenatal and social psychological factors are the primary means.


Commentators have often noted 'la présence latente du Ménon dans le cartésianisme', but have not offered a sustained account of what this presence consists in. The author argues there exist strong parallels between Meno and the Recherche de la vérité, Descartes' only extant dialogue, grounded partly in Descartes' awareness of Plato's text. This parallel offers a useful approach to the Recherche. The first part of the article presents Meno and gives an outline of its reception. The second gives a reading of Descartes' text. Since the concerns of the Recherche reflect arguments and approaches taken up in other texts like the Méditations, the author closes in the third part by suggesting the parallel allows us to say, more generally, that Descartes' approach to inquiry, and to his fight with scholasticism, is a Socratic one.


There are some problems such as the axial bending and non-uniform allowance distributed, after the long shaft being heat treatment. A new non-touch measurement technique is proposed based on the technology of linear structured light. The real axis of the part can be measured and all coordinates of the points on it obtained. Also, the calculating axis of the part can be optimized in order to decide suitable machining allowance.


The high-power auroral stimulation (HIPAS) heating facility has been used to modulate D region ionospheric currents at high latitudes, producing extremely low frequency (ELF) radio wave emissions. The behavior of these ionospheric currents can be deduced from a comprehensive study of the ELF signals received at a local field site. This paper examines the mapping of the polar electrojet current from the E region down through the D region, where it can then be modulated by the heater beam. Results have been obtained using a simple Cowling model of the electrojet. These results indicate that for an electrojet flowing at an altitude of 110 km with a scale size in excess of 100 km, the mapping of the horizontal components of the current can be completely characterized in terms of the Pedersen and Hall conductivities. This is attributed to the fact that the mapping becomes independent of scale sizes which exceed 100 km. Several ionospheric heating experiments are proposed, including beam steering for localized ELF generation in the mapped region below electrojets.


Aim  Predictive tools for local recurrence (LR) of rectal cancer are needed. This study assessed the predictive value of tumour budding detected by MNF‐116 and laminin‐5 γ2 chain (Ln‐5 γ2).


Many of the features of EPON and WiMAX are complementary. In [1] we proposed four basic architectures for the integration of EPON and WiMAX, which employs an EPON as a backhaul to interconnect multiple WiMAX base stations. The integration takes advantage of the high capacity of fibre communication as well as the mobile and non-line of sight (NLOS) features of wireless communication. In this article, we recap these basic architectures and relevant operational issues. We further propose more integrated architectures that are extended from the four basic architectures. In addition, more design and operational issues relevant to the architectures are discussed. We expect that integration of EPON and WiMAX can help realize fixed mobile convergence, and significantly reduce overall design and operational costs for the new-generation broadband access networks.


This article offers suggestions for developing a more-personalized employee reward system, including how to catch them in the act of doing their job well.


A 31-year-old French woman presented with typical cutaneous larva migrans following a 1-week visit to Gabon. Five days after her return to France, a serpiginous skin rash appeared on the anteromedial side of the left thigh (figure 1A). It had progressed for 1 week before consultation, and a contralateral lesion also appeared (figure 1B). Both lesions were itchy. The patient did not report other symptoms, such as asthenia, abdominal pain or intestinal disorder. Clinical examination did not reveal any other abnormalities. Biologically, there was no anaemia, …


Green Economy (GE) is a low-carbon, resource-efficient, socially inclusive economy that is fair, efficient, and embraced by all the stakeholders from the leadership, people, and industry, especially those in the techno-economic sectors, to enable synergy of the GE framework whose purpose is to tackle the environmental challenges and deterioration of the ecosystems. The GE concept, its applications, rate of success/failure differs across various countries. Developing countries like Nigeria are striving to transform the economy to a GE that will enhance Sustainable development. However, some factors either hindering and or promote the GE developments. Thus, this research aims to identify and assess the determinant factors (DF) for sustaining a GE in Nigeria to categorize the factors as hindrances/barriers and promoters/drivers of GE. Mono Quantitative method was adopted to collect and analyze the data obtained from a questionnaire survey. The quantitative data was based on the eleven determinant factors for a GE identified in the literature. Quantitative analytical tools like Cronbach Alpha for consistency, Mean Item Score (MIS), Relative Importance Index (RII), and T-test statistics were used to analyze GE factors in Nigeria. The result indicated that six DF promotes and drives GE in Nigeria while five DF hinder the GE development in Nigeria.


The low competency of students' mathematics knowledge was the main problem in this present study. It was due to the lack of effective learning models and the students in the class were still receivers, it made the students became passive. This study aimed to determine the significant influence of peer tutorings assisted guided inquiry learning models on students' knowledge competencys in mathematics learning for the fifth grade Elementary School. The type of the research was quasiexperimental with a non-equivalent control group design. The population was 329 the fifth-grade students of Elementary School, while the sample was 66 students by using cluster random sampling techniques. The data collection applied multiple-choice test instruments. The analyzed data were normalized score gain from the results of the pretest and post-test using the t polled variance test. The results of tcount = 12,298 for dk = 64 at α = 0.05 so that the obtained t table = 1.998. Because tcount > ttable, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. The average score of the experimental group normalized score was 0.753 more than the average control group was 0.559. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence of peer tutorings assisted guided inquiry learning models on the mathematics competency of the fifth grade Elementary School. The results of this study can be used as reading material to explore similar research objects. A R T I C L E I N F O


2 This document provides a consolidated report of the first phase work on the validation of the rodent uterotrophic assay. It contains the background on how the validation work was organised and carried out, and on the development and refinement of the standardised protocols used. The document also contains the details of the statistical analysis of the experimental work and the conclusions drawn from the initial phase one work. As this document provides a report of the first phase work only, it must be read in conjunction with reports of subsequent stages for a full appreciation of the OECD Validation work on the rodent uterotrophic assay. independent consultant to the project, responsible for the overall statistical analysis of the phase one results. This overall analysis of the results was discussed at the second meeting of the Validation Management Group for the Screening and Testing of Endocrine Disrupters for Mammalian Effects (VMG-mammalian) on 20-21 January 2000. At the same meeting a report from a meeting of participating laboratories was discussed. The meeting of participating laboratories was held on 17 December 1999 to review the technical aspects of the protocol design and identify any practical difficulties encountered by the participating laboratories. Invited experts, representatives of the lead laboratory and observers from participating laboratories and animal welfare organisations attended the second meeting of the VMG together with VMG members. The VMG agreed that sufficient information had been obtained from this initial phase one work to confirm the reliability and transferability of the assay and to demonstrate that the assay was robust and reproducible for the detection of the strong oestrogen agonist – ethinyloestradiol (CAS No. 57-63-6). The VMG also agreed that the first phase work had demonstrated the feasibility of the protocol for detection of oestrogen antagonist as demonstrated by the results with the chemical ZM189, 154 (CAS No. 101908-22-9). ACTION REQUIRED: The Validation Management Group is invited to consider the consolidated report of the phase one work and confirm it as a comprehensive report of the work undertaken. FOREWORD This document is the report of the first phase of the work on the OECD validation of the rodent uterotrophic assay. This phase was concluded in January 2000. The document was drafted by the Secretariat. However, extensive parts were contributed by Dr Joe Haseman who provided the independent statistical analysis for the project. A scientific paper on the same work was also used …


The first evidence for neutrinoless double beta decay has bee n observed in the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment, which is the most sensitive double beta decay experiment since tenyears. This is the first evidence for lepton number violation and proves that the neutrino is aMajorana particle. It further shows that neutrino masses are degenerate. In addition it putsseveral stringent constraints on other physics beyond the Standard Model. The result from theHEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment is consistent with recent results from CMB investiga-tions, with high energy cosmic rays, with the result from the g-2 experiment and with recenttheoretical work. It is indirectly supported by the analysis of other Ge double beta experiments.The new project GENIUS will cover a wide range of the parameter space of predictions ofSUSY for neutralinos as cold dark matter. Further it has the potential to be a real-time detectorfor low-energy (pp and


Relation extraction refers to identification of different semantic relations between named entities. Discovering spatial relations between named entities (NEs) is challenging task with many applications. However, the existing researches only focus on general spatial relation extraction in English and some other languages. This paper introduces a rule-based approach to spatial relation extraction in Arabic natural language text. A set of syntactical rules and patterns of spatial relations are induced and then formalized based on spatial relation annotation corpus, morphological information, spatial terms and location named entity recognition technology. Three types of spatial relations are focused on, which are topological relations, directional relations, and distance relations. Then, these rules and patterns are applied to identify and classify these three types of spatial relations in Arabic documents. The system has been successfully tested on 30 geographical documents that include a mixture of types of spatial relations. The result achieved 86.06% of F-measure. This illustrates that our approach is effective in extracting spatial relations in Arabic texts and its performance is satisfactory.


To solve the multi-image requirements of consumers,the evolutionary design model,the implementation method and the key technology of product multi-image styling were presented based on the analysis of overall process of product form evolutionary-design.The requirements of multi-image target and the styling parameters of product samples were determined,and the neural network evaluation system of product image styling was set up.The evolutionary design system of product multi-image styling was established with NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm.The diversity and the high standard of multi-image styling evolutionary-design were ensured by the advanced technologies of NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm,such as non-inferiority classification,crowding distance calculation and pruning operation.The case study with the cars side outline design showed that the method was feasible and reasonable.


3 100 patients with urinary calculi had been treated successfully by ESWL in our department. It relieved the distress of patients and reduced the complication through the strict observation and effective nursing care of illness conditions,the effect of nursing servik was specially satisfactory.


An analysis is presented for estimating the ''anomalously large'' fluences from solar flare protons by measuring tritium deposited between 1900 and 1952 in a high-latitude ice core. Most of the tritium from cosmic rays and solar flare protons comes by way of indirect (p, n) and (n, t) reactions rather than from direct (p, t) reactions. Therefore the neutron spectrum produced by protons of the August 1972 flare is estimated first. (The August 1972 flare is the most recent ''anomalous'' fluence, and it was accurately measured by spacecraft detectors). Then the calculated neutron spectrum is compared with that known from galactic cosmic rays. Finally, the tritium produced by (n, t) reactions is compared for the solar protons and cosmic rays. We thus calculate that the August 1972 flare-produced tritium was 67 times larger than the cosmic ray--produced in all of 1972. Range tables of energetic protons in nitrogen and oxygen gases show that tritium from solar protons is produced in the stratosphere, while that from galactic cosmic rays is produced in both the stratosphere and troposphere. Other studies estimate that the stratosphere residence half-life time for tritium is 16--20 months and the troposphere residence time is short (on the ordermore » of 10 days.) In any event, the tritium will scavange out of the atmosphere, and if it is locked in snow that does not melt in summer months, such as that in glaciers at very high latitudes and elevations, it will remain for many years. Therefore tritium frozen in a high-latitude glacier would give a good measure of the fluences from the very largest solar flares. copyright American Geophysical Union 1987« less


e18524 Background: The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV patients (ARLs) is higher than in general population. In the HAART era AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) are more frequent in patients with advanced age, delayed diagnosis, non adherent HAART, multiresistant strains of HIV. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristic, prognosis factors and survival of malignant lymphomas HIV( +) vs HIV(-) at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas. Methods: Study retrospective, individually matched, case-controlled study according to HIV serologic status (positive vs negative) for patiens newly diagnosed of non-Hodgkin lymphoma between 2005 and 2011. Results: We included 51 cases HIV (+) and 102 controls HIV (-) (Table). On diagnosis, anemia (Hemoglobin < 110 g/L) and opportunistic infections (OI) were statiscal more frequent (p<0.05) in ARL. The overall response to chemotherapy (ORC) was 76.4% (cases) and 89.2% (controls) (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis ECOG ≥ 2, OI and no respons...


Low cycle compressive fatigue tests were carried out on the plain concrete having two different mix proportions in air and under submerged condition. Test results were discussed on the effects of water cement ratio and test environments upon the fatigue life from the statistical viewpoint. Wohler curves were given based on the probability of survival. In addition, repeatedly high over loading tests of prestressed concrete beams were performed to clarify the effects of water on the fatigue behaviors. Two different causes in the deterioration of flexural fatigue failure strength under submerged condition were obtained (a).


The results of X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and FTIR spectroscopy analyses of mineral composition in dicated that the El-Lajjun oil shale is principally composed of calcite, quartz with minor amounts of kaolinite), gypsum, and apatite. The obtained oil shale ash products at 830 ° C and 1030 ° C are dominated by lime, quartz, anhydrite, portlandite, gehlenite, and amorphous phases. The TGA weight loss curves clearly indicate that it oc curred in the temperature range from 310 to 650 ° C. The decomposition of oil shale carbonates was detected above 750 ° C. The functional groups in the organic material of oil shale are dominated by the aliphatic hydrocarbons, the semi-ash of which had diverse structures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The most intensive of combustion occurred in the temperature range of 400–750 °C. In this temperature range, about 75 wt.% was accounted for the total mass loss.


The biology component of a four week widening participation summer school was extensively redesigned to include new content and facilitate online delivery. The course design employed a number of strategies to foster student interaction and collaborative learning to limit student isolation. Online learning also does not usually include practical components, something that has been shown to be key to students developing a deeper understanding of course material.

This paper will describe the development, implementation and evaluation of one significant strategy, that of implementing a practical object based learning activity (OBL) and how this led to further development of group work within the course. OBL includes the use of objects, usually museum specimens or artwork, in a learning activity.

'Adaptation in mammals' is a learning unit delivered over one week. Students learn that adaptation is a process by which an animal becomes better suited to its habitat, allowing it to survive and reproduce. As part of this unit, specific mammalian skulls and other bones were displayed within the University's zoology museum with worksheets and other information to guide students through the activity. This was designed to provide students with practical experience of identifying key features of mammal skulls.

This OBL activity was introduced to encourage deeper understanding, enhanced by social learning and allow students to handle skulls. The Zoology museum provided an appropriate environment which can encourage active student engagement. The activity was unstaffed and laid out in such a way to encourage discussion and self-directed learning. OBL has been shown to have a number of benefits including inspiring, informing, engaging and motivating learners . It has also been shown that that touching objects can lead to a deeper and more memorable learning experience.

Students were encouraged to attend the activity in pairs or groups to give them an opportunity for peer discussion, sharing of ideas and the OBL included a summative assessment component where students inspected an unfamiliar skull.

Assessment grades showed effective students learning. Student perception of OBL was completed using focus groups. It was clear that all students were enthusiastic about the content and format of the activity irrespective of if they attended alone, in pairs or in groups. Students described the advantages of being able to discuss the questions and concepts and being able to touch and manipulate the skulls. The absence of staff allowed students the freedom to work at their own speed and forced them to be independent learners. Students appreciated the activity being held in the Zoology museum and indicated that they took the opportunity to look at other exhibits.

As the benefits of the OBL in terms of student learning and peer interaction were evident the decision was made to include more group work throughout the biology course. Group work in an online environment has a further layer of complexity. Providing students with the necessary tools, in this case the Microsoft Teams App, part of Office 365, to facilitate collaborative group activities was essential. The authors will present student and staff perspectives of setting up, facilitating and undertaking group work in the online environment.


The prevalence of tobacco use disorders among sexual and gender minorities remains consistently high despite the overall reduction of tobacco use in the United States and other parts of the world. This chapter begins by describing the criteria for tobacco use disorders in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The authors discuss rates of tobacco use based on sexual orientation and gender identity and summarize the literature describing risk and protective factors for tobacco use among sexual and gender minorities. Strategies are highlighted for reducing the overall public health threat of tobacco use in sexual and gender minority populations.


Spatial and temporal measurements of the optical absorption, optical emission and ion probe response in the ablation plume formed following pulsed 248 nm irradiation of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O x are reported over laser energy densities from near threshold into the film growth regime. Time of flight absorbance-velocity profiles in vacuum indicate the formation and acceleration of a plasma front, with ions leading neutrals on the edge of the expanding plume. Ion probe screening measurements show that the laser plume is a well-shielded plasma with Debye lengths + , Ba, Y + , and Y densities indicate that the populations of the ions outnumber those of the neutrals at high energy densities in vacuum. Measurements of the slowing of the plasma front and attenuation of the total charge reaching the substrate are reported for laser ablation in background pressures of oxygen. Absorption by ground state YO and BaO in the region close to the pellet indicates oxide densities ˜5 × 10 13 cm −3 close to the pellet.


Stevia rebaudiana Stevia rebaudiana Stevia started simultaneously 7 days after sowing. Differences in the germination and survival percent were recorded in the first generation. High dose of Gamma irradiation increased delay in days of germination and maturity. The germination and survival percent decreased with increasing dosage of gamma radiations. The data on days to germination, germination percentage and survival percentage, indicated that low dose of gamma radiation had very less effect on germination of Stevia seeds. It was noticed that up to 5 to 10 KR dose there was no statistically significant difference in seed germination as compared to control. However, germination percentage was significantly affected by higher doses of gamma rays. seeds. The seeds were given 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 KR (Kiloradians) exposures. Gamma irradiated seeds were treated with sodium azide and colchicines solution for 4 h separately. Germination in control and treated seeds of Bert. produces sweet steviol glycosides in the leaves. Current investigation was carried out to study effects of gamma irradiations on


Given the rising concerns on carbon emission and increasing operating expense pressure, mobile network operators and device vendors are actively driving the energy-efficient network evolution. Energy efficiency (EE) has been determined as one of the key objectives of the 5G system. To realise sustainable 5G, various new technologies have been proposed to reduce conventional energy consumption. Meanwhile, green energy sources are explored to reduce the dependence on conventional energy. This study makes a survey on recent academia and industry research on the EE of the 5G system from perspectives of radio resource management, architecture and deployment paradigm, green energy harvesting and smart grid integration. Typical green 5G enabling technologies are presented and discussed comprehensively. Moreover, the latest progress on EE in 3GPP is also investigated. Given the broad research areas, only those critical open issues and challenges are presented to inspire further investigations. Finally, the authors identify several research directions as the way forward to realise the green 5G system.


Abstract Managing culture has been central to management theory and practice, with middle managers representing an important conduit for change initiatives. However, within the context of significant rationalisation and privatisation, cultural change programs spearheaded by corporate management may not always resonate favourably for individual managers. This research analyses how middle and lower level managers responded to cultural change programs at Telstra during the 1990s and early 2000s. It indicates that fear of redundancy or threat of internal condemnation was a motivating factor driving support. Therefore while the corporation demanded that middle management realign cultural values in line with a new corporate agenda, genuine commitment to these initiatives was not completely forthcoming. Indeed many managers merely resigned themselves to a process, which was based more on coercion rather than committing to cultural change initiatives.


A motor control multilayer printed wiring board (5) includes: a multilayer printed wiring board (6) having a plurality of laminated conductor layers (62, 63, 64); an upper-row FET (20A) that is connected to the conductor layers (62, 63) and that controls a motor; a lower-row FET (20B) that is connected to the conductor layers (63, 64), that is arranged at a location at which the lower-row FET (20B) overlaps with the upper-row FET (20A) in a laminated direction in which the conductor layers (62, 63, 64) are laminated, and that controls the motor; a heat dissipation mechanism (91, 92) arranged on the multilayer printed wiring board (6) and arranged at a location at which the heat dissipation mechanism (91, 92) overlaps with at least one of the upper-row FET (20A) and the lower-row FET (20B) in the laminated direction.


In The Usual case of arachnoiditis the myelographic findings are well known and have been considered diagnostic. The flow of the contrast medium is impeded by the adhesions which partly obliterate the subarachnoid space. The contrast material takes on a globulated or stringy pattern as it passes between the many adhesions, an appearance which has been likened to that of candle drippings. Once trapped in the subarachnoid space, the droplets of oil may remain unchanged in position for long periods of time. Similar roentgen signs may be encountered in other conditions. In the case of accidental extradural injection there may also be irregular channeling and separation of the contrast material, with impairment of flow as the medium is trapped in the extradural areolar tissue. Extension along the nerve roots, often well beyond the intervertebral foramina, is the most useful distinguishing feature of extradural extravasation. In subdural injection the flow of the contrast medium may be impeded but the pattern i...


As the title of my presentation implies, I will focus on assessment techniques to be employed in appraising individual potential for success in automatic data processing occupations. Also implied is that the level of education of the job applicant should be a factor in determining the appropriate instrument for aptitude appraisal. Most of the research and related experiences which I will describe are directly allied to national manpower programs of the United States Department of Labor.


Aiming at the problem of attribute reduction,this paper proposes a new multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm which aims at the least reduction of attributes sets and maximum of the dependency of the attributes.It searches best particle based on non-dominated sorting and weighting method.Combining the new motion equation with e-neighborhood perturbation,the algorithm has strong global and local searching ability.Experimental results with UCI data sets show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than the compared algorithms.


In order to get the maximum power from the wind, the variable-speed wind turbine should run at different speed when wind speed changes. In this paper a control system is introduced to get this purp...


The role of circulating sex hormones on structural brain ageing is yet to be established. This study explored whether concentrations of circulating sex hormones in older women are associated with the baseline and longitudinal changes in structural brain ageing, defined by the brain‐predicted age difference (brain‐PAD).


This document presents problem size assessments and statistical crash descriptions for intersection crossing path (ICP) crashes and three key subtypes of the ICP crashes. The ICP crashes are potential "target crashes" of high-technology Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) crash avoidance countermeasures. To elucidate potential countermeasure applicability, the ICP crash is divided into three types: signalized intersection perpendicular crossing path (SI/PCP), unsignalized intersection perpendicular crossing path (UI/PCP) and left turn across path (LTAP) crashes. The principal data source is the 1991 General Estimates System (GES). ICP crash problem size is assessed using such measures as number of crashes, number and severity of injuries, crash involvement rate, and crash involvement likelihood. Problem size statistics are provided for five vehicle type categories: all vehicles, passenger vehicles (i.e., cars, light trucks, light vans), combination-unit trucks, medium/heavy single-unit trucks and motorcycles. Descriptive statistics are provided for all vehicles only. ICP crashes and the three crash subtypes are described statistically primarily in terms of the conditions under which they occur (e.g., time of day, weather, roadway type, relation to junction) and, when data are available, in terms of possible contributing factors.


The first successful pairwise potential for a layered material, TiSe2, has been parameterised to fit the experimental data, using a genetic algorithm as the optimisation tool for the parameters of the interatomic potential.


In a deregulated market, electricity companies receive offers for supply from generators and plan trades such that the total trade cost is minimized and all system constraints are satisfied, and the generators are paid the uniform system marginal price (SMP). This paper shows that classical model of economic dispatch is in conflict with the new settlement rule because the classical model implies separate payment. A novel model for trade planning considering the new settlement rule is presented with a new algorithm based on linear programming proposed to find the precise solution. A similar dynamic economic dispatch algorithm is presented to take into account the ramp rate of units. The methods were proven effective on a two node system and an IEEE 24 node system. These methods can be used to solve similar models such as congestion management.


Starting from breeding seedlings situation of Camellia sinensis(Linn.)Kuntze in Zunyi City of Guizhou Province,the cutting propagation techniques of Camellia sinensis(Linn.) Kuntze with straw covering were explorated from following aspects,including nursery establishment,cutting,nursery management etc.Then,the comparative analysis on the greenhouse nursery mode and covering nursery mode was given,including land utilization,input,seedling survival rate and so on.


Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis (Bti), has proven to be a safe and effective larvicide for controlling mosquito and black fly larvae. The effect of cultivation and bioprocess development on Bti growth and sporulation was investigated in shake flask level and batch cultivation in the semi-industrial scale 16-L stirred tank bioreactor. For industrial production of biocontrol microorganism, it is necessary to obtain high cell mass and spore production in a short time with low cost cultivation media. In this study, the new composition of production media was optimized which composed of (g L -1 ): glucose, 10; yeast extract, 30; KH2PO4, 5; K2HPO4, 5; MgSO4. 7H20, 0.005; MnSO4.H2O, 0.03; FeSO4, 0.01; CaCl2.7 H2O, 0.05; NaH2PO4, 1.5; NH4H2PO4, 1.5. The maximal cell dry mass and spore production, Sporemax for shake flask study were 4.26 gL -1 at 36 h and 3.2910 6 spore mL -1 , respectively. Furthermore, studies of the cultivation conditions under controlled and uncontrolled pH in the 16L-bioreactor was performed. The growth of Bti under uncontrolled pH cultivation showing decreased of glucose and total protein concentration in the media was correlated with the vegetative cell growth and sporulation. The maximal cell dry mass and Sporemax for uncontrolled pH bioreactor were 4.14 gL -1 at 36h and 3.710 6 spore mL -1 , respectively. The maximal cell dry mass and spore production, Sporemax for controlled pH bioreactor were 3.36 gL -1 at 26 h and 3.23 10 6 spore mL -1 , respectively. In conclusion, batch cultivation in 16-L bioreactor with the new optimized production medium under uncontrolled pH condition increased of the cell dry mass and number of spores up to 23 % and 47 % , respectively.