"How is that people are motivated to go to a doctor but not motivated to go to a financial counselor, if individuals are ultimately responsible for their own financial health" (Bowditch, 2005). The above quote touches an important aspect of individual financial planning behavior i.e., the lack of motivation to engage in personal financial planning. This observation prompted the researcher's interest in studying the individual financial behavior as personal financial planning is becoming increasingly important in academic world as well as in practical life. Financial awareness prepares an individual with the ability to understand, monitor, and use the financial resources effectively to enhance the well-being of one's own self and also the economic security of the family. The understanding of financial needs allows one to know the financial structure and the related financial literacy level. The main objective of the study is to assess the awareness of personal financial planning among households in Sattur town. The questionnaire administered in this study measures the level of awareness about preparing financial planning and knowing the economic and social benefits of the same. The survey examines the respondents' awareness about personal financial planning. The researcher prepares three questions to measure the level of awareness on respondents' knowledge, skills and their views on socio economic benefits. To examine the range of awareness among households of Sattur town, three items are chosen viz, awareness on personal financial planning, perception levels, economic and social needs and their response was tabulated. The research concluded that though the study in the area of personal financial planning has recognized that general education significantly increases the investment, income and retirement savings, it may not prepare one with sufficient skill and knowledge for taking investment decisions. Only financial education at early stages of life i.e., at the school or college level, helps in promoting personal financial planning of households.


Honeybee stings or Wasp stings are common in rural parts of India. Wasp bites are painful and cause local inflammatory response. Local reactions are limited to pain and swelling at the stung site, whereas systemic allergic reactions can cause death. The medically important groups of Hymenoptera are the Apoidea (bees), Vespoidea (wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets), and Formicidae (ants). These insects deliver their venom by stinging their victims. Bees lose their barbed stinger after stinging and die (Fitzgerald, 2006). Wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets can sting multiple times. Cattle, buffaloes, equines, dogs, etc., tethered under the shady trees harbouring honey bees hives may receive a fatal assault by these flies.


Lifetime measurements allow extraction of fundamental information on the nature of the excited states of a nuclear system. Since nuclear lifetimes cover many orders of magnitude, a number of experimental techniques and detection setups have been developed depending on the range of the lifetime of interest. The Gamma-ray Induced Doppler Shift Attenuation (GRIDSA) Method presented here is applied to the measurement of very short lifetimes, in the femtosecond range. It allows determining the nuclear lifetime by measuring the Doppler shift of a gamma ray emitted from the state of interest, in different directions with respect to a coincident preceding gamma ray, populating the same state and inducing a recoil of the nucleus in the target material with velocities of the order of 104-105 m/s. We realized an experiment in order to test the GRIDSA technique for the measurement of fs lifetimes after (n,γ) reactions. The measurement was performed at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) with the 8 Ge-clover detectors of the FIPPS array. Preliminary results are discussed.


Other physicians' negative perceptions of dermatologists won't change unless dermatologists police their own ranks more aggressively and step up in their communities, an expert says.


Background: Postoperative hypocalcemia (PoHC) is the most common complication of total thyroidectomy (TT). The availability of a reliable predictor of PoHC would allow early calcium supplementation, avoiding hypocalcemia, and potentially decreasing hospital stay. Objective: To determine the value of a single rapid intraoperative PTH (iPTH) level and influence of patient demographics, thyroid pathology, and lymph node resection in predicting PoHC after TT. Study design: A single-institution prospective observational study. Subjects and methods: Ninety-eight patients underwent a total or completion TT over one year. PTH was measured intraoperatively 15 minutes after completion of the TT. Hypocalcemia was defined as corrected calcium levels of ≤ 7.5 mg/dL or symptomatic hypocalcemia. ROC-AUC and logist regression analysis of iPTH, age, and BMI was conducted. Results: Compared to normocalcemic patients (n = 76), hypocalcemic patients (n = 22) were younger (44.8 ± 3.1 vs. 63.2 ± 1.6 years; p < 0.0001), had lower BMI (25.4 ± 0.9 vs. 29.1 ± 0.6 kg/sqm; P = 0.0045) and lower iPTH levels (15.5 ± 2.4 vs. 61.7 ± 7.3 pg/ml; P = 0.0033). Serum calcium levels were directly associated with younger age (P = 0.0004), lower BMI (P = 0.0003), and lower iPTH levels (P = 0.0004). IPTH levels lower than 16.75 pg/ml (ROC-AUC: 0.825; 95% CI 0.74-0.93; p < 0.0001) identified hypocalcemia with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 75%. Levels of iPTH ≥ 36.25 pg/ml predicted normocalcemia with a sensitivity of 95.5% and a PPV 97.8. The combination of iPTH, age, and BMI further improved the risk prediction of PoHC (mean ROC-AUC 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99). A combination of iPTH > 12.5 pg/ml, > 31 years of age, and a BMI > 22.5 kg/m2 predicted a normocalcemic course with a sensitivity of 100%. Lymph node dissection, histologic diagnosis, indication for surgery, and intraoperative complications were not associated with serum calcium, age, BMI, or iPTH levels. Conclusion: A single low iPTH is strongly and significantly associated with PoHC in post-thyroidectomy patients. Age and BMI also independently predicted risk of PoHC. Younger age and lower BMI increased risk of PoHC and increased the predictive power of iPTH.


Based on the conception of the investment soft - environment, sixty evaluation indexes are selected in order to construct the evaluation system of China ST Parks, including the laws policies, culture, credit, administration, human resource, and market conditions. The positive filter was conducted by way of the analyses of subjection degree, correlation and distinguish ability Finally,the investment soft- environment evaluation system of China ST Parks was established. Finally, the investment soft - environment of thirty China ST Parks is evaluated.


This supplemental issue focuses on the challenges associated with European rural NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) youth socioeconomic inclusion. For NEETs, the transition from childhood to adulthood is both complex and fascinating, fraught with risks of marginalization and precarity. Such challenges have been compounded by assumptions regarding homogeneity evident in publications by the EU and the OECD which place all NEETs within age ranges without recognition of the complexity of life in this demographic. In 2019, across the then EU28 member-states and non-EU states, the proportion of NEETs was recorded as higher in rural regions when compared with the same rate in towns and suburbs or cities (Eurostat, 2020). Notably, an uneven NEET distribution by the degree of urbanization was evident in many eastern or southern European countries, with gaps between cities and rural areas ranging from 10 to more than 20 percentile points. Clearly, there is a need to explore the greater proportions of rural NEETs that occur in European countries with sub-protective welfare regimes and fail short to support school-to-work transition among the most vulnerable youths (Schoon & Heckhausen, 2019). These young Europeans particularly, between the ages of 15 to 24 in rural settings, are especially vulnerable and depend on a wide range of supports and targeted interventions at regional, national, and international levels. The impact of recent economic crises and austerity policies of governments are having a sustained negative impact on the provision of such social services and, consequently, the availability of sustainable programs and opportunities that target young people and those already experiencing marginalization.


The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is in the process of developing a vadose zone science and technology roadmap. The DOE Complex Wide Vadose Zone Science and Technology Roadmap has followed a rigorous procedure to lead DOE through an understanding of basic science, characterization and monitoring technologies, and simulation of contaminant fate and transport in the vadose zone. This program which is chronologically scaled to include activities through the years 2004, 2010, and 2025 will necessitate long term institutional and regulatory policy changes in order to be effective. The current regulatory position vis-a-vis the vadose zone seriously needs to be reconsidered to include early alert or vadose zone monitoring. Federal legislation including RCRA and CERCLA needs to be changed to require regulation in the vadose zone as opposed to waiting until the contamination reaches the water table. Issues related to annual funding to cover long term research need to be addressed. A need exists for a universal database and access to a fundamental set of models. These policies will involve multiple agency involvement. A recommendation is made to set up a White House task force to coordinate this multi-agency national approach.


The present paper treats 20 species of the typhlocybine genus Alebroides Matsumura from China, among which two species new to science are described: A. parafuscus n. sp. and A. muzitaneus n. sp.; three new synonymies are reported: A. aurantinus Cai & Shen, 1999 is a junior synonym of A. rubicundus Ishihara, 1953; A. taibaiensis Chou & Zhang, 1987 is a junior synonym of A. yanglinginus Chou & Zhang, 1987 and A. qinlinganus Chou & Zhang, 1987 is a junior synonym of A. falcatus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979; five species are new records for China. A key to all Chinese Alebroides species is provided, including 6 species reported occuring in China with specimens unavailable for this study except A. shokanus Matsumura.


In 'Anthlopologie structurale' written by Claud Levi-Strauss in 1958, he gives a certain 'conscious structure' of his structuralism, which seems to be distant from his 'unconscious structure' given in his actual analysis. His concept of 'structure', as Piaget says, should be accepted as a 'model' which is more consistent and more intelligible. From this viewpoint, we need neither admit the transcendentalism of unconsciousness nor deny the diachronic development of structures so as to be a structuralist. Then his dualism of 'ordres concues' and 'ordres vecues' should also be considered not as the equivalence of Marxist's dualism but as that of sign-evolutionist's stratification model, which is inspired from his own proposal that 'faits sociaux' are approached 'commedes signes'. At the former standpoint, the upper structure is partial and probable projection of the lower one; to the contrary, at the latter standpoint, the meta-structure is the wider and more general synthesis of its sub-structures, as 'l'ordre des ordres'. Sub-structure is literally 'sub', that is, partial.In conclusion, his method is characterized by the three points; the stratification model of society, isomorphism among the stratified structures, and systematic approach to them. The current of the structuralism is thus understood to be the best fruit of western rationalism since Thomas.


The retention behaviors of 16 PAHs and 4 nitro-PAHs were studied with several parameters involved numbers of carbon atoms, F factor, aqueous solubility, L/B ratio, and numbers of interfering hydrogen atom pairs on the chemical structures of PAHs by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography/diode array detection method (RPLC/DAD) and gradient elution method. It was obtain that the log k' for most of PAHs with increasing the number of carbon and the F factor in their molecules. Chromatographic retention of PAH isomers and nitro-PAHs were examined with aqueous solubility, L/B ratio and number of interfering hydrogen atom pairs. As a result of comparison with these factors and retention times, it was found that those solutes having larger aqueous solubilities and greater L/B ratios were retained longer on stationary phase. This tendency was also occured in the molecules having the more number of interfering hydrogen atom pairs. Detection limits of PAHs which were obtained with three times measurements by RPLC/DAD were in the range of 100~500ng/mL and method detection limit(MDL) for water sample were in the range of 0.1~0.5ng/mL.


The purpose of the ICOTone project is to develop a workstation for computer music. This paper describes the digital signal‐processing aspect of the ICOTone system. There are many well‐known techniques established for digital sound synthesis/analysis. However, there are few computer systems in which all of the techniques can be used simultaneously and easily. In the area of statistics, the S system is a good example; this was developed at the AT&T Bell Laboratories and is an interactive environment for data analysis and graphics. In the S system, a user can grasp what statistical data really mean very quickly because of the rich command library and the preferable man‐machine interaction. The goal here is, roughly speaking, to build a digital sound system that employs the design principle of the S system. Such a system will be a common workbench for digital sound researchers. The system configurations will be shown briefly. At present, the ICOTone system includes SUN workstations, digital audio tape recorde...


This paper introduces a language model referred to as Information Optimizing Model (IO Model), which proposes that language is an optimal encoding system to communicate in the most efficient way, based on following rules of language: Efficiency, Cooperation, Distinction, Evolution, and Reliability. In China, when confusable phonetic contrast (PC) such as [s/sh] is used in Mandarin communication between Beijing Dialect speaker and Southern Dialect speaker, they have to guess what the other want to pronounce. Phonetic statistics done for Mandarin and its analyses show that when Maximizing strategy is adopted and tone information is used, guess errors of confusable Initial PC [s/sh], [c/ch], [z/zh], and [l/n] are as low as 6.5~12.7%, and guess errors of confusable Final PC [en/eng], [in/ing], and [an/ang] are 10.9~24.1%. Entropy calculated for Mandarin syllables also shows that the tone information added to syllables not only increases the entropy of syllables by 1.05 bits, but also increases the mutual information between Initials and Finals by 0.77 bit. These are evidences of existence of phonetic information redundancy in language, and support Reliability rule of IO Model we have proposed.


A previously healthy man in his 30s was referred to our department for evaluation of asymptomatic cutaneous lesions that had been present for 4 months. He had been treated with a course of high-potency topical corticosteroids without any improvement. Physical examination revealed annular red plaques with scale and superficial erosions over the trunk and extremities. Strikingly, plaques on both arms showed a corymbiform pattern, with a central and multiple satellite lesions (Figure, A). On the lower limbs, infiltrated plaques with prominent crusts were seen (Figure, B). Also, there were papulosquamous lesions on the left sole, but the palms were spared. The genital area was not involved. There was neither regional lymph node enlargement nor systemic involvement. Two biopsy specimens from both types of lesions were obtained for histopathologic evaluation, showing an identical histologic pattern (Figure, C and D). Copper-red plaques A Infiltrated plaques B Original magnification × 40 C


Summary
It is clear that as a starting point an H1-antihistamine for the 21st century should be effective, but non-sedative and non-cardiotoxic. In addition it is desirable that an oral H1-antihistamine should be rapidly absorbed so that it can be distributed to the target organ sites, be readily bioavailable, and have a half-life sufficient to enable once daily dosing and to have clinical effect throughout a 24-h dosing interval. The effect of the drug should be maintained with repeated dosing. To give confidence in drug administration it should require no dosage adjustment in renally or hepatically impaired individuals and have no significant drug interactions, especially in view of past experience with drugs such as ketoconazole and macrolide antibiotics that may modify hepatic metabolism. In addition to these considerations there is a desire for a designer molecule that has activity over and beyond H1-receptor blockade, thus providing an oral therapy with a broader 'anti-inflammatory' activity. Such activity may underlie the improved benefit in quality of life that is evident with some antihistamines over others. As we enter the 21st century there are a number of oral H1-antihistamines that fulfil the majority of these requirements, with fexofenadine, out of those most widely used, appearing to come closest to the desired profile.


Introduction Immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). It has been shown that a consistent immunological signature in MDS comprises an increase in Th17 cells in low risk MDS and an expansion of Tregs in high risk subtypes. The presence of high Treg numbers in lower risk stages is an independent prognostic value and is associated with poor survival. Whereas the immune response in low risk MDS is pro-inflammatory, high risk MDS is characterized by immunosuppression which could contribute into the expansion of the dysplastic clone and malignant transformation. The exact role of dendritic cells (DC) in inducing this immune dysfunction is yet to be understood. The aim of this comparative study was therefore to investigate the frequency and function of different DC subsets in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of MDS patients compared to healthy donors (HD). Patients and methods The enumeration of DC subsets was performed in 110 MDS and in 19 HD bone marrow samples. In peripheral blood 34 MDS and 18 HD samples were investigated. DC were identified by the expression of HLA-DR and the lack of the lineage markers CD14 and CD19. They were further subdivided into CD303+ plasmacytoid DC (pDC), and the CD11c+ myeloid subsets CD1c+ myeloid DC 1 (mDC1), CD141hi myeloid DC 2 (mDC2) and CD16+ 6-Sulfo LacNac (Slan) DC. Furthermore, their ability to upregulate co-stimulatory molecules was assessed by flow cytometry and the secretion of cytokines in response to TLR ligands was analyzed using Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). Their capacity to induce allogeneic T cell proliferation was evaluated in a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Results The frequencies of pDC, mDC1 and mDC2 but not of SlanDC were significantly lower in patients9 BM compared to HDs9 BM (pDC 0.33% vs 0.72%, p=0.01; mDC1 0.30% vs 0.73%, p Conclusion Our data clearly point to both a numeric and functional impairment of myeloid DC subsets in BM as well as in PB of patients with MDS. A further decline of DC frequencies in high risk MDS may support the therapeutic targeting of DC in the BM microenvironment of these patients to redress immune dysfunction and possibly prevent further progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Extensive research is needed to further delineate the differences in DC function and immune composition in MDS risk categories. Disclosures Mufti: Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.


Abstract The Varutrask pegmatite consists of a middle seam, chiefly composed of microcline perthite, cleavelandite, quartz and different lithium minerals, constituting the main part of the pegmatite body, surrounded by quartz-muscovite pegmatite.1 The middle seam has been formed by hydrothermal solutions replacing the quartz-muscovite pegmatite, which was deposited from solutions of epimagmatie character. The minerals of the pegmatite may be divided into several groups according to their genesis. The microcline perthite group, also containing pollucite, petalite, spodumene, amblygonite, beryl, and quartz, was the first to form during the hydrothermal period. This group was succeded by another containing cleavelandite, coloured tourmaline, lepidolite, and quartz as main minerals. The microcline perthite is described. Especial attention is drawn to the intergrowths of poikilitic albite and their importance for the interpretation of the genesis of the perthite. The types of perthites observed are vein perthi...


In this publication a revision is given of the genera of the subfamily Bulimulinae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Bulimulidae). The morphological variation of the shell, radula, pallial organs and genitalia is analized and 21 character transition series are recognized. In the systematical part the following data are presented for each genus : description of shell and anatomy, distribution, ecology, bibliography and a list of taxa. The number of (sub) genera is reduced from 80 to 43 ( + two nomina inquirenda). A new synonymy is : Paracochlea Hylton Scott, 1967 = Eudioptus Albers, 1860. The following new species names are introduced : Bostryx sophieae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) marcapatensis, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) sophieae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) pseudobesus. Berendtia digueti Mabille is designated type species of Teneritia Mabille ; Helix zoographica d'Orbigny is designated type species of Hamadryas Albers. Based on the transition series mentioned above, hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships are presented for the genus groups, using the methods of Hennig. The relationships between the five subfamilies of the Bulimulidae are also investigated but remain tentative. In the zoogeographical section the various theories are reviewed and their relevance for the distribution of the Bulimulinae is treated, using the hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships and Croizat's vicariance theory.


The non-rotational gravity plumes on the slope are investigated using a two-dimensional,non-hydrostatic equations numerical MITgcm model. Uniform resolution is used in the vertical and variable resolution of the form is used in the horizontal. It is shown that the flow of dense plumes on the slope is very complex. Numerical studies reveal that the slop of topography and heat flux are important elements for character of dense plumes,as well as tidal current. On the slope,the Richardson number is less than 1/4,Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is possible,and leads to entraining ambient fluid into the plame,and hence downwards the slope.


The so-called "cut-and-suction" treatment when used on venomous stings is not very effective. This fact we learned at an early date in our experiences with poisoning caused by the two lethal scorpions of the Southwest, i.e., Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing and C. gertschi Stahnke. During a twenty year period in Arizona, these two animals were responsible for more than twice as many deaths as all other venomous animals put together, including rattlesnakes, black widow spiders, Gila monsters, and venomous insects (Stahnke, 1949). In our first observations on the effect of rattlesnake venom, we were shocked at the suffering that patients had to undergo even though the best known treatments were administered. Out of these experiences grew the treatment now known as the L-C method, i.e., ligature and cryotherapy.
In treating a patient for venom poisoning two forces must be taken into consideration, the chemical effect of the toxin on the animal tissue and the bacterial action of bacteria possibly introduced by the bite or sting.


A brief review of the N. V. Lazarev school study of the pharmacological properties of the classical phytoadaptogens. As the result of this research was creation a theory of state nonspecific body increased resistance induced by phytoadaptogens, and the discovery of their stress-limiting properties. Presented own data of first time comparative evaluation of anti-stress action of phytoadaptogens in the model of immobilization stress. Revealed in own clinical studies a high efficiency of polycomponent phytotherapy, including a large number of phytoadaptogens in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis.


Background The prevalence of glaucoma is higher in African American individualsthan in white individuals. Objective To report the safety and efficacy of topical ocular hypotensive medicationin delaying or preventing the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)among African American participants in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Methods Eligibility criteria included age between 40 and 80 years, intraocularpressure between 24 and 32 mm Hg in one eye and between 21 and 32 mm Hg inthe other eye, and no evidence of glaucomatous structural or functional damageby standard clinical measures. Participants were randomized to either theobservation group or medication group. Of the 1636 participants randomized,408 were self-identified as African American. Main Outcome Measure The primary outcome was the development of reproducible visual fieldabnormality and/or reproducible optic disc deterioration attributed to POAG. Results Among African American participants, 17 (8.4%) of 203 in the medicationgroup developed POAG during the study (median follow-up, 78 months) comparedwith 33 (16.1%) of 205 participants in the observation group (hazard ratio,0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.90; P = .02). Conclusion Topical ocular hypotensive therapy is effective in delaying or preventingthe onset of POAG in African American individuals who have ocular hypertension.


Objective
To analyze the biochemical characteristics and clinical characteristics of heart failure patients with intermediate ejection fraction.

Methods
From June 2012 to June 2017, nine hundred and thirty patients with heart failure who were hospitalized and treated in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were selected.According to left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), the patients were divided into heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction group (LVEF<40%), heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction group (LVEF 40%-49%) and heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction group (LVEF ≥ 50%). The number of cases of acute heart failure and chronic stable heart failure was recorded.The general patient information (gender, age, body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), NYHA classification) laboratory test results (Brain Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ) and echocardiography (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left atrium diameter (LAD), septal thickness (interventricular septum thickness, IVSD), left ventricle posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) were collected.

Results
The proportion of patients with acute heart failure in the midrange left ventricular ejection fraction heart failure was similar to the heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (38.0%(35/92) vs.45.4%(210/463), P>0.05), but significantly higher than the heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (38.0%(35/92) vs.10.4%(210/463), P=0.000). The proportion of NYHA class IV patients in the heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction was lower than the heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(10.9%(10/92) vs.24.6%(114/463), P=0.000), and higher than the heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (10.9(10/92) % vs.2.9%(11/375), P=0.000). Left atrial diameter, left ventricular end diastolic diameter in the heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were maximum((47±8)mm, (67.3±9.0)mm), the heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction were medium((44±7)mm, (60.0±7.5)mm), the heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction were minimum((42±7)mm, (41.7±6.1)mm), and the difference between the three groups was statistically significant (F=44.200, F=648.426, P<0.05).

Conclusion
Some biochemical and echocardiographic features of heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction patients are located between heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.The LVEDD is significantly increased in heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction group.The ventricular remodeling in heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction is similar to that of heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

Key words:
Ejection fraction; Heart failure; Clinical characteristics


The laryngeal trauma constitutes a group of infrequent lesions, but with great clinical importance, given its high morbidity and mortality. It requires a high level of suspicion, since many of these injuries may go unnoticed at the initial evaluation. It should be suspected in every patient presenting with cervical trauma and symptoms ranging from dysphonia and anterior cervical pain, to dyspnea or even severe respiratory distress, due to obstruction of the airway. The approach of these patients should begin with the evaluation of the airway and ensure its stability, to then focus on the diagnosis and specific management of the lesions. We present an updated literature review regarding the mechanisms of trauma, clinical presentation, diagnosis, classification and management.


Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite (NFRC) are used by replacing Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Composites (SFRC) because of its poor reusability, recycling, bio degradability. Even though NFRC are lack in thermal stability, strength degradation, water absorption and poor impact properties. The hybridization and nanoparticles mixed in different polymers are used to improve mechanical and wear properties of the polymer composites. In the present investigation Multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in Epoxy resin using ultrasonic bath sonicator are used as matrix face for hybrid banana-Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics composite materials which is manufactured by compression molding processes. As per ASTM standards tensile, compression tests are carried out by using Universal Testing Machine. Microstructure of samples are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). SEM shows the homogeneous distribution of the fiber in the modified polymer matrix. The results indicated that the increase in weight % of MWCNT improves the mechanical properties of MWCNT filled hybrid natural fiber composites.


The analysis of the amount of wood waste generated, its types and possible uses of such waste is carried out. The technological features of the production of wood-mineral composite based on wooden bark and basalt waste with heat and sound insulating properties are given. It is shown that, depending on the selected ratio of the components of the mixture, a composite with specified operational characteristics can be obtained.Production of a new composite material is designed to expand the range of eco-friendly building materials in Russia, and also to solve the problem of wood waste disposal.


In today's large data centers, hundreds to thousands of nodes are deployed as storage clusters to provide cloud and big data storage service, where failures are not rare. Therefore, efficient data redundancy technologies are needed to ensure data availability and reliability. Compared to traditional technology based on replication, erasure codes which tolerate multiple failures provide availability and reliability at a much lower cost. However, those erasure-coded, particularly XOR-coded storage clusters, suffer from performance problem caused by degraded reads under concurrent node failures. With the traditional centralized decoding method, a large amount of extra data has to be transmitted over the network to service degraded reads. In particular, the degraded reads in XOR-coded stripes with concurrent failures result in notably high network traffic. To address this problem, we propose a novel decoding approach called Local Decoding First or LDF for short. Via exploiting decoding computational locality of XOR-coded storage clusters, LDF significantly reduces the required network traffic and hence reduces the access latency of degraded reads, thus improving I/O throughput. A prototype of LDF with two typical XOR codes has been implemented in the popular distributed file system HDFS on a storage cluster composed of 40 nodes. The experimental results show that LDF dramatically reduces the network traffic under concurrent node failures and thus improves both the I/O throughput and access latency.


Combining a classroom activity with the goals of a campus student organization can promote active learning for the enrolled students, the campus and local community. A service-learning project in a general education geoscience course encourages stronger student enthusiasm and a vested interest towards the success of the project. Undergraduate students enrolled in historical geology are required to present summaries of geologic time periods and fossil samples during the Change Thru Geologic Time project, a service-learning activity at Penn State University Delaware County. Attendees at the event are asked to donate change to a student organization's fundraising efforts for pediatric cancer patients, their families, and innovative pediatric cancer research. The success of this event demonstrates that a common historical geology class assignment requiring students to scale geologic time over a certain distance can be modified to serve as an educational showcase and a fundraiser for a campus student organization.


ABSTRACT This article discusses the operations of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) pishi system from the perspective of decision making. As an authoritarian regime, the CCP 'concentrates power to accomplish big things', demonstrating the extent of the CCP's state capacity. This article argues that, through a wide range of documentation, the CCP provides leaders with a channel for resource accumulation, to issue pishi (written directives). Next, mishu (secretaries) play an extremely important role in the transmission of documents and the execution of pishi. This article then goes on to point out that the CCP's practice of nomenklatura is a key means to ensure that pishi are executed as expected. Finally, this article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the pishi system.


Quickly finding the voltage value of each node is the basis for judging the voltage exceedance degree when the power system is opened and broken. In this paper, a fast calculation method of line opening voltage based on breaking function is proposed. Firstly, a reference variable is introduced on the admittance of the broken line, and a nonlinear opening function about the reference variable is constructed, so that the voltage are functions about the correlative reference variables after the line is opened. Then, by using the Taylor series expansion, the voltage of each node before the opening is taken as the original value of the Taylor series, and the first, second and third derivatives about the voltage regarding the reference variables are taken as the right term. The voltage of the system each node is calculated after the line is opened or broken. Finally, the feasibility of the suggested method is certified in IEEE 14-node system.


This paper provides a case study of considering an economical evaluation comparing a traditional approach of completely demolishing old electrical MCCs equipment versus investigating and replacing only the malfunctioning components in the MCC. The example below illustrates how a thorough investigation of existing electrical equipment can entirely alter previous planning decisions and have a drastic impact on cost estimates. A case study detailing the revitalization of 276, thirty three year old Motor Control Center (MCC) buckets, improved safety and security for our employees and facility equipment, extended overall life of the motor control center (MCCs), enhanced skills of our employees, and saved more than one million dollars for the US Postal facility-at Jersey City, NJ


1 University of Banja Luka, Department of Power Engineering, Patre 5, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia&Herzegovina, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 University of Banja Luka, Department of Power Engineering, Patre 5, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia&Herzegovina, E-mail: email@example.com Abstract: Power-flow problems in electrical power networks have been investigated over the years and several calculation methods were introduced. In order to determine the work state of a power network, it is often necessary to solve a large system of non-linear transcendent equations. Therefore, the program routines are complex to develop, while specialized commercial software packages are expensive and not easily available. On the other hand, Microsoft Excel as a part of Microsoft Office software package is widely-spread in the world and relatively easily available. Excel possesses a plug-in named Solver which is a powerful tool for constrained optimization and solving of non-linear equations. Solver can be used in power network calculations for both practical and educational purposes. Solver is also applicable to the other problems concerning electrical theory and practice (circuit theory, electromagnetics, etc.).


Changes in the Pt L{sub III}-edge region of small Pt particles (4 to 5 nm diam) dispersed in a high-area carbon (XC72-R) induced by the adsorption of CO, were monitored in situ in aqueous 0.1 M HClO{sub 4} by measuring the fluorescence intensity at fixed x-ray energies during a voltammetric cycle. This real-time technique made it possible to detect a small increase in the normalized fluorescence (< 0.1) at the Pt L{sub III} main absorption edge (11,564 eV), following electro-oxidation of CO adsorbed at saturation coverages on the high-area Pt, derived from a shift in the edge toward lower energies. These in situ findings are in agreement with ex situ spectroscopic measurements of Pt surface core levels for CO adsorbed on Pt single crystals in ultrahigh-vacuum environments. Also described in this work are applications of this new in situ technique to the study of hydrogen adsorption-desorption and oxide formation and reduction on such high-area Pt/XC72-R electrodes in the same electrolyte. In situ Pt L{sub III}-edge studies of high-area Pt/high-area carbon electrodes in a fuel cell environment could, in principle, provide very valuable fundamental information of direct relevance to technological applications.


The objective of this research is to obtain information about the effect of leadership style and job design on administration staff's job performance of state junior high school. The research was conducted to all of state junior high schools administration staffs in the district of Kalideres, the city of west Jakarta by using a survey method with path analysis applied in testing hypothesis. The research concludes: (1). There is direct effect of leadership style on job performance. (2). There is direct effect of job design on job performance. (3). There is direct effect of leadership style on job performance. Therefore to enhance administration staff's job performance can be carried out by leadership style and job design.


It has been estimated that there were some 286,000 children living in foster family care and in institutions for dependent and neglected children in the United States during 1960. Of these, 72 per cent were residing with foster families and 28 per cent were in institutions.2 Unfortunately, many of these youngsters-very few of whom are orphans-will continue to live in limbo for many of their childhood years, neither returning to their own families nor being given the opportunity to sink roots with new families through adoption (4). The vulnerability of these children is suggested by recent studies which show an association between foster care experience and subsequent mental illness and deviant social careers (I, 7). Surprisingly, despite the large number of children involved, there has been relatively little research about the characteristics of children in placement and the families from which they originate. In the face of this void, Maas and Engler undertook a major descriptive study of children who


In Cindy Stearns' groundbreaking empirical research on the problems women encounter trying to breastfeed in public places and the moral injunction to be discreet when they do so, she foregrounds an issue feminist analysts have long lamented—the invisibility of women's unpaid work. As Stearns says, 'breastfeeding is work; work that is not shared and work that is rendered invisible by the way it is required to be hidden'. The recent removal of Victorian State Labor MP Kirstie Marshall from parliament for breastfeeding her 11-day-old baby—apparently a 'stranger' in the house—is a case in point. While Marshall was present in the parliamentary chamber as an elected political representative and not as a mother, and while I would want to suggest that mothering is performed rather than given, there is no doubt that Marshall's maternal body in this case exposes the limits of traditional identity construction as autonomous and unitary. According to the law governing relations between actors in parliament and the model of sociality to which it corresponds, these subjects are not selves who exist in relation to other selves, nor are they individuals whose identities are formed on the basis of their intersubjectivity. Rather, the bodies of these individuals form quintessential liberal political subjects and, as such, are required to be individuated, bounded and closed. The body-subjects I am discussing in this article do not approximate this model of abstract individualism. Taking the lead from Stearns' research, I would argue that if breastfeeding in public challenges the social invisibility of women's work, breastfeeding also challenges the invisibility of intercorporeal existence and identity. That is to say, breastfeeding expressly confirms Merleau-Ponty's observation that one's identity is formed and immersed in the lived bodies of others' identities. This is salient not only in terms of infant development but also for the nursing woman. This 'lending and borrowing of corporeality', as Rosalyn Diprose refers to it, is notably marked in situations of cross-nursing.


Article Type: Full Length Research Article The aim of this study was to assess the best crop variety combination of maize and soybean plants grown in monocropping and intercropping systems. Moreover, the influence of rhizobial inoculation on growth and yield of soybeans plants grown under both cropping systems was also evaluated. Three varieties of soybean (inoculated with rhizobium or not) and three varieties of maize plants were grown in monocropping and in intercropping systems (8 rows soybean, 2 rows maize). Dry matter accumulation (DMA) of plant shoots (maize and soybean) was higher in monocropping than that in intercropping. Rhizobial inoculation increased the yield of soybean in both cropping systems. For the three soybean varieties, no significant difference of the average 100-grain filling rate per day (Va) was found between the inoculated and non-inoculated plants in both cropping systems. However, significant increases of the Va were found in the monocropping soybeans than those in the intercropping systems. For the three maize varieties, the highest Va values were found only in the monocropping treatments. Slight increases of the Va were observed in maize intercropped with inoculated soybean (MIR) than the maize intercropped with non-inoculated soybean (MI). All the land equivalent ratio (LER) values under intercropping were 1.5 higher than those under monocropping, reflecting the advantage of the intercropping systems. The highest productive value ($5130.7 ha -1 ) was obtained in the intercropping combination of maize variety Zhengdan 958 and inoculated soybean variety Xudou 18. ©2018 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved


The aim of this study was to design operation methods for three-stage coil gun experiments and to fabricate and compare prototypes of control systems using these methods. Two methods are proposed: (1) recognizing the position of a projectile using a photointerrupter and (2) operating a control circuit to supply power to a silicon-controlled rectifier when the projectile reaches an intended position by registering the delay time between coil gun operations. The distance between the projectile and the solenoid coil during a coil gun operation is a key design factor. For the multi-stage coil gun manufactured in this study, the discharge time must be determined according to the position of the projectile, which moves at high velocity. Therefore, the selected method should have minimal operation error and allow the circuit to be easily used according to the coil gun stage and configuration. This study compares the prototypes of coil gun discharge circuits that were fabricated based on the proposed methods by applying them to three-stage coil guns and measuring their velocities. The findings of this study could be used to suggest design methods for experimental models for coil guns with fewer stages according to the final velocity and coil gun stage to be manufactured.


The article analyses organisational and methodical grounds of financial monitoring of business activity of an enterprise, which is presented as a complex of measures of organisational, methodical and managerial nature. It justifies urgency and practical significance of introduction of the system of financial monitoring as a basic element of the system of financial management of business activity under modern economic conditions. It considers the essence and purpose of financial monitoring of business activity, presents its principles and formulates tasks. It offers methodical provision of the process of monitoring focusing on the study of essential characteristics of business activity of an enterprise. It states that introduction of the financial monitoring of business activity allows understanding of the state of an object or situation, identification of the reason of the detected deviations from the planned (forecasted) results and establishment of a base for development of applied recommendations on a relevant adjustment, which results in increase of efficiency of the financial and economic activity of an enterprise and availability of prerequisites of sustainable development.


This article is about the meaning of the French adverb seulement and focuses on various uses which constitute challenges to traditional analyses : seulement in rhetorical questions and seulement which loses its restrictive meaning when associated with a temporal argument. It is argued that these various uses can be accounted for in a unified way, if one subtitutes to a two dimensional analysis, based on the distinction between assertion and presupposition, a three dimensional analysis, considering also implicatures triggered by the adverb. We claim that seulement, when it is associated with A in the sentence P (A), conveys three different types of contents : a negative one (no more than A is P), which corresponds to the assertive part, a positive one (at least A is P), which corresponds to the presuppositional part, and a scalar one (A is low on a contextually relevant scale), which is responsible for semantic and pragmatic effects such as the bias in questions and the evaluative or modal flavour in certain assertions. The article also shows that the associate of seulement may be a constituent or a word, but also a functional category such as the illocutionary force or the tense phrase.


There is little information in the literature on the relation between rural speed and safety. The wide variation in rural speed limits that are applied in different countries tends to confirm that this relation is poorly understood. The changes in fatal, injury and all accidents that followed a change in the rural speed limit in seven countries were regressed against the change in vehicle mean speed. The results showed that speed significantly affects safety and that within certain limits the relation is linear. The regressions indicated that a 1 km/h reduction in speed will reduce all severities of accidents by between 4 and 5%. It is suggested that part of this reduction is due to a change in economic factors.


ABSTRACT This paper presents an experimental study carried out to evaluate the influence of air swirl vane angles on pollutants in a heavy oil fuel fired furnace with a recuperator. A novel burner system with a range of concentric air swirl generators (vane angles of 15°, 20°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) was ultimately incorporated to the combustion chamber of a 250 kg crucible furnace. This study examined the thermal efficiency and the polluting emission parameters of CO2, HC, CO, and NOx. According to the results, preheated air-fuel and air swirl generators with vane angles of 45° and 30° emit the least HC and CO, whereas air swirl vane angles of 90° emit the most. A preheated primary air swirl vane angle of 45° results in the lowest NOx emission (25 ppm) value. Furthermore, with larger air swirl vane angles of 45° results in increased temperature and premixed combustion, as well as a raise in NOx emission. To ensure accurate airflow for complete combustion, secondary air entry area kept twice the primary air entry area in the novel burner. The results showed that when the temperature of the preheated primary and secondary air and heavy oil fuel combination increased, so did the mean effective temperature of the combustion gases. Conversely, when the vane angle is reduced and no preheated air-fuel combination is present, the mean temperature of the combustion gas drops dramatically.


Dynamics simulation of large civil aircraft complex multi-hinge space flap mechanism was studied, and a set of dynamics simulation modeling method of complex multi-hinge space flap mechanism based on Motionview was proposed. Firstly, a moving digital prototype of the complex multi-hinge space mechanism was constructed. The multi-point constraint RBE3 element was used to associate the intersection points of the rigid multi-hinge mechanism to the body of the flap surface considering flexibility, and the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the flap mechanism was formed. The dynamics simulation of the mechanism was carried out under the aerodynamic load conditions of cruise, take-off and landing, the driving torque and hinge point load dynamics indexes of the complex multi-hinge space flap mechanism were obtained. The simulation results show that the driving arm of the inner mechanism bears most of the lateral load from the flap wing surface, the radial direction of the joints bearing at each hinge bears the aerodynamic pulling force from the flap wing surface. And the inner mechanism of the flap is the main bearing part, the load capacity of the inner rocker arm is almost four times that of the outer rocker arm. The dynamic simulation research can provide a certain reference for the design and improvement of the complex multi-hinge space flap mechanism.


Purpose
COVID-19 induced uncertainty in the firms' business transactions, financial markets and product-market competition, causing a severe organizational legitimacy crisis. Using the organizational legitimacy perspective and agency theory, this paper aims to study the relationship between prior corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, monitoring cost (MC) and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a quarterly panel (16,924 firm-quarter observations from 61 countries for CSR and 53,345 firm-quarter observations from 55 countries for MC) for 14 quarters from January 2018 to June 2021. This study uses panel fixed-effect regression models to estimate the effect of CSR activities and MC (measured as audit fees) on firm performance during the COVID-19 period.

Findings
This study finds a U-shaped relationship between CSR and firm performance. This relationship is strengthened during COVID-19. In contrast, this study finds an inverted U-shaped relationship between firm MC and firm performance. However, this relationship is weakened during the pandemic.

Originality/value
This study contributes to theory and practice on maintaining organizational legitimacy and reducing agency costs during the pandemic. This study shows that firms' prior legitimacy-gaining practices, such as CSR activities and MC, provide an opportunity to increase firm value. To balance agency costs and legitimacy benefits, firm managers also need to identify the optimal level of CSR activities and MC.


Professor Levesque's note raises a number of interesting and important questions. I shall be concerned directly with only one of these—the question of whether or not John Crosbie was the "best candidate," as that term has been defined in Levesque's note. I shall try to show that while there was good reason to suppose that Crosbie was the "best candidate," in fact he was not. I shall then comment briefly on why Brian Mulroney won the convention. The data on which these observations are based are from a series of surveys of delegates to the convention—the first conducted by mail beginning in the first week of May, the second conducted face-to-face by student interviewers during the three-day registration period at the convention, and the third conducted by mail beginning two weeks after the convention.


Foster carers frequently report receiving insufficient or inadequate support for the challenging behaviour of the children they look after. There is a need to understand the support that foster carers require. This study explores foster carers' perspectives in order to inform the development of more effective support services. One hundred and eighty-seven foster carers completed an online survey that sought information about the nature and form of that potential support. The respondents desired accurate information about children's behaviour, good quality relationships with professionals and in-home support delivered by knowledgeable people (principally other foster carers). Preferences differed among carers serving different functions but less so according to the extent of their experience.


This study investigates whether analysts understand accounting conservatism.  It is well documented that financial reporting system exhibits conservatism, that is, bad news are recognized in earnings in a more timely manner than good news.  We find that analysts' short-term earnings forecasts exhibit similar conservatism as the accounting earnings.  We further find that as the forecast horizon increases the conservatism becomes weaker.  On the contrary, the analysts' long-term forecasts are not conservative.  Collectively, the results suggest analysts do understand accounting conservatism.


Learning Objectives: Upon completion of this activity, the participant will be able to: & Localize and provide a differential diagnosis of progressive limb weakness & Recognize and interpret the importance of laboratory and other diagnostic testing in the evaluation of this syndrome & Discuss the management of patients with rapidly progressive leg weakness and pain and appropriate therapy for a patient with this disorder Send correspondence to Kenneth C. Gorson, Department of Neurology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02135, firstname.lastname@example.com. Relationship Disclosure: Dr Gorson serves as a consultant for Baxter and CSL Behring. Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Gorson discusses the unlabeled use of IV immunoglobulin G and plasma exchange for the treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome. * 2014, American Academy of Neurology. Following are the preferred responses for the Patient Management Problem in this issue. The case, questions, and answer options are repeated, and the preferred response is given, followed by an explanation and a reference with which youmay seekmore specific information. You are encouraged to review the responses and explanations carefully to evaluate your general understanding of the material. The comment and references included with each question are intended to encourage independent study. This case presentation highlights the clinical approach to a patient with acute-onset bilateral leg pain followed by progressive generalized limb weakness. The anatomic localization, differential diagnosis, appropriate diagnostic studies, treatment options, and management of associated complications are discussed.


Winding coil on primary side of the ferrite toroid forms an inductor.The permeability of the ferrite changes with various biasing DC current in coils on secondary side of the ferrite.Thus the inductance of the ferrite changes correspondingly.In the process of designing RF cavity of CSR,ferrite is used for the loading material of cavity.The characteristic of ferrite directly determinds whether the cavity can meet the requirements of the product design or not.The impedance of the cavity decides how much RF power should be got.At the same time,the impedance is in direct proportion to the μQf.Obviously the measurement of ferrite material is very important.This paper presents the measurement principle of permeability and Q-factor of ferrite,it also gives the concrete circuit and results of measurement.


Maximal exercise capacity expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs) is rarely directly measured (measured METs; mMETs) but estimated from maximal workload (estimated METs; eMETs). We assessed the accuracy of predicting mMETs by eMETs in asymptomatic subjects. Thirty-four healthy volunteers without cardiovascular risk factors (controls) and 90 patients with at least one risk factor underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing using individualized treadmill ramp protocols. The equation of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) was employed to calculate eMETs. Despite a close correlation between eMETs and mMETs (patients: r = 0.82, controls: r = 0.88; p < 0.001 for both), eMETs were higher than mMETs in both patients [11.7 (8.9– 13.4) vs. 8.2 (7.0 – 10.6) METs; p < 0.001] and controls [17.0 (16.2 – 18.2) vs. 15.6 (14.2 – 17.0) METs; p < 0.001]. The absolute [2.5 (1.6 – 3.7) vs. 1.3 (0.9 – 2.1) METs; p < 0.001] and the relative [28 (19 –47) vs. 9 (6– 14)%; p < 0.001] difference between eMETs and mMETs was higher in patients. In patients, ratio limits of agreement of 1.33 (*/÷ 1.40) between eMETs and mMETs were obtained, whereas the ratio limits of agreement were 1.09 (*/÷ 1.13) in controls. The ACSM equation is associated with a significant overestimation of mMETs in young and fit subjects, which is markedly more pronounced in older and less fit subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. How Accurately are Maximal Metabolic Equivalents Estimated Based on the Treadmill Workload in Healthy People and Asymptomatic Subjects with Cardiovascular Risk Factors?


Objective:To investigate the relationship between survival time and biochemical indices and to establish a scoring system for predicting the survival time of terminal gastric carcinoma patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out based on the serum biochemical indices of 73 patients who died of gastric carcinoma in the past five years in our hospital.Forty-four of these 73 patients who had previous clinical data were assigned to the control group.After translating the biochemical indices to scores,adding them together,and then combining that number with SOFA,an overall score was obtained for each patient.The 73 patents were divided into group A and group B according to this prognostic scoring system:group A had a score20,and group B had a score≥20.Results:Seven factors significantly influencing the survival time were identified with statistical analysis including T-BIL,AST,UREA,UA,LDH,CK and HBDH.There was a significant difference in score between the experimental group and the control group (P=0.003).The survival rate was significantly lower in group B than in group A (P0.05).Survival time was correlated with the prognostic score.Conclusion:A simple,valid,and useful prognostic scoring system has been established for predicting the survival time of terminal gastric carcinoma patients.


The overall technical goal is to implement a 1/25° horizontal resolution global ocean prediction system based on the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) with tides and dynamic sea ice. The scientific goals include but are not limited to a) evaluation of the internal tides representation in support of field programs, b) data assimilation in the presence of tides, c) evaluation of the model's ability to provide useful boundary conditions to high resolution coastal models, d) interaction of the open ocean with ice, e) shelf–deep ocean interactions, f) upper ocean physics including mixed layer/sonic depth representation, g) mixing, etc.


In nitrogen-starved Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, wild type, strain 21 gr cells, consumption of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium may occur in the dark in the absence of an added carbon source. Consumption of ammonium in the dark was about 25% higher than in the light, while consumption of nitrate or nitrite in the dark was lower than in the light.

N starvation produced a linear increase with time in the intracellular level of glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 220.127.116.11) and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 220.127.116.11 and ferredoxin-GOGAT, EC 22.214.171.124) activities in C. reinhardtii. The effect on GS1 (3-fold) and NADH-GOGAT (4.5-fold) was higher than that on GS2 (1.5-fold) and ferredoxin-GOGAT (1.5-fold).

Experiments with methylammonium, L-methionine-D, L-sulfoximine (MSX) and azaserine suggest that: 1) Ammonium itself decreases the intracellular levels of glutamine synthetase and ferredoxin-glutamate synthase activities; and 2) a metabolite resulting from ammonium assimilation by the alga may be a negative modulator of NADH-glutamate synthase activity.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) involve countless sensor hubs which can detect and process information in the earth in an intermittent way. In WSN, as the sensor hub relies upon its inward battery control, vitality proficiency and the lifetime of sensors have turned into a key issue on the execution of the wireless network. To make compelling use of vitality assets of a sensor hub, correspondence conventions can be planned decisively. To achieve this objective, sensor hubs clustering is one of the most thriving approaches. In accordance with, the selection of cluster heads (CHs) is in the transmission range of the hub. Cluster head has the obligation to perform secure and productive directing by keeping up and using a token for every hub. Such strategy gives a superior execution in security, vitality proficiency, load adjusting and so on. In this system, the cluster head is chosen proficiently. The reason cluster head is to enhance congestion free routing and secured information transmission.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Unlike clinical atrial fibrillation (AF), the significance of subclinical AF (SCAF) burden in patients with permanent pacemakers has not been fully evaluated. Methods: We investigated whether the SCAF burden was associated with increased risks of composite adverse outcomes, including progression to clinical AF, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure-related hospitalization, or cardiac death, in patients without previous AF. To quantify the 6-month SCAF burden, the total cumulative time spent in SCAF during every 6-month follow-up was summed. Results: During the median 5.2-year follow-up, 496 consecutive permanent pacemaker patients were classified into the no SCAF (no SCAF episode in any device analysis; n=152), low-burden SCAF (6-month SCAF <24 hours in at least one device analysis; n=287), or high-burden SCAF (6-month SCAF ≥24 hours in at least 1 device analysis; n=57) groups. The risk of composite adverse outcomes was greatest in the high-burden SCAF group (P<0.001) and was primarily driven by progression to clinical AF (P<0.001) and ischemic stroke (P<0.001). The presence of high-burden SCAF, which always preceded ischemic stroke events, was independently associated with composite adverse outcomes (odds ratio=20.1 [95% CI, 7.60−52.7], P<0.001) and progression to clinical AF (odds ratio, 36.2 [95% CI, 15.9−87.8], P<0.001). Conclusions: In permanent pacemaker patients without preexisting AF, the presence of high-burden SCAF was closely associated with increased risks of composite adverse outcomes, particularly progression to clinical AF and ischemic stroke. Therefore, prospective studies deserve to be performed on the optimal anticoagulation therapy for permanent pacemaker patients with both high-burden SCAF and high stroke risk.


The important functions of IE in the execution of ERP in automotive industry are expounded in this article and this means that we need the optimum concept,method and technology of IE to conform the ERP to the demands of the enterprise development in the automotive industry.A set of execution flow of ERP in our automotive industry is described particularly.And finally,the several points which make an impact on the execution of ERP are pointed out.


Boas (1917) mentioned several phenomena found in the morphosyntax of Amerindian languages (including nominal incorporation and lexical affixation) that posed challenges to accepted views of synchronic and typological issues raised by genealogical relatedness and areal convergence on the continent, morpheme classes like roots, stems, and affixes in languages in general, and whether the fundamental unit of human speech is the word or the sentence. A century later, and despite the increased amount of data available and a substantial amount of theorizing on morphosyntactic issues, these challenges have proved considerably recalcitrant. Framed in terms of morpheme types, word domains, and word classes, this article surveys the progress since Boas's introductory paper and examines open questions in the study of the morphosyntax of indigenous languages of the Americas.


A method and an apparatus for adding an optional frame to a basic video frame and transmitting the frames in satellite DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting), and a method and an apparatus for receiving the frames are provided to add an optional frame to a basic video frame, transmit the frames, and decode the optional frame together with the basic video frame according to the performance of a receiver to improve picture quality of a reproduced image. An image is encoded to generate a basic video frame and an optional frame(S510). The basic video frame and the optional frame are packetized, and a packet ID different from a packet ID of the basic video frame packet is allocated to the optional frame packet(S520). The optional frame packet and the basic video frame packet are multiplexed to generate transport streams(S530), and the transport streams are transmitted(S540).


Joji S, Mizuseki T, Katayama S, Tsuge K, Ikuta Y. Aetiology of Kienböck's disease based on a study of the condition among patients with cerebral palsy. J Hand Surg Br. 1993, 18: 294–8. Leclercq C, Xarchas C. Kienböck's disease in cerebral palsy. J Hand Surg Br. 1998, 23: 746–8. Mizuseki T, Joji S, Katayama S, Tsuge K, Ikuta Y. The incidence of Kienböck's disease among adults with cerebral palsy. In: Nakamura R et al (Ed.) Wrist disordersTokyo, SpringerVerlag, 1992: 95–100. Rooker GD, Goodfellow JW. Kienböck's disease in cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1977, 59: 363–5.


This paper analyzes special safety requirement in hospital electrical design,then provides five means to solve the corresponding problems and enhance safety.


Delegation is widely used by firms. Instead of dealing themselves with production decisions, owners delegate production to managers. If effects of delegation on collusion have been studied previously, the effect of incentive contracts on the sustainability of collusion is unclear. This paper introduces incentive schemes based on relative profits (RP) in the analysis of cartel stability when firms have the option to delegate production decisions to a manager. The approach followed similar to Lambertini and Trombetta (2002), where managerial utility functions prefer to combine profits and sales. When RP contracts are used, collusion between managers ceases to be independent of delegation and collusion between firm owners is harder to sustain. Also, if managers are not able to collude, the relationship between owners' delegation decisions and their discount factor is non-monotonic, but the discontinuity occurs at higher discount factors relatively to what Lambertini and Trombetta found. Since with RP contracts the symmetric incentive solution is just one of a continuum of equilibria, the possibility of reverting to asymmetric incentive equilibrium in the punishment phase is considered. Overall, the results show that managerial incentive schemes do matter in firms' ability to collude and if asymmetric punishments are used, then collusion becomes very likely.


Penile prosthesis (PP) insertion is recommended for patients with ischaemic priapism of long duration in order to restore erectile function; but little has been published regarding quality of life (QOL) for those with implants post-priapism. This the largest study to date assessing QOL outcomes in these patients.

 Within our department, 167 patients had a PP inserted following priapism between 2002-2022. We identified 42 patients that had PPs inserted for priapism between 2007-2021. Clinical and demographic details were recorded on an electronic log. Of these 42, 18 (43%) were contactable and agreeable to email or telephone questionnaire. The validated Quality of Life and Sexuality with Penile Prosthesis (QoLSPP) questionnaire was administered and responses were recorded. Two additional questions were asked regarding regret over PP insertion and feelings regarding their future with a PP.

 The median time to implant insertion post-priapism was 15 days. Of the 18 patients who responded, 16/18 (89%) were actively using their prosthesis. Half of these patients (9/18) had an inflatable device inserted primarily. The median duration of PP insertion was 36.5 months. No patients (0/18, 0%) regretted their decision to have a PP inserted at the time of priapism, and 13/18 (72%) would be satisfied living the remainder of their life with a PP. Regarding pleasure, 12/18 (67%) of respondents felt their PP was satisfactory half the time or more, and 76% (13/17 responses) felt their PP had met expectations. Of the 16 men who responded regarding partner satisfaction, 10 (63%) felt their partner was satisfied with the PP half the time or more.

 PP insertion is a suitable surgical technique to maintain sexual function in select patients post-priapism. We demonstrated that the majority of men who underwent PP insertion post-priapism were satisfied with the results, and all would choose to have a PP inserted were they to return to their priapism event again.

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We are saddened to inform our readership that Paul Gray, PhD, Professor Emeritus at Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA, died on May 10, 2012, as a result of injuries suffered in an automobile accident. A remembrance of Paul will appear in the next issue.


Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) strategies can improve connectivity between housing and employment centers, green spaces, and community facilities by supporting both local environmental sustainability objectives, through more efficient use of land, and "complete" streets, by creating safer infrastructure for pedestrians and bicyclists, leading to potential modal shifts. Enabling conditions for TOD may include changes in land-use regulation and other statutory provisions to create an integrated regulatory framework. TOD requires robust stakeholder engagement and institutional coordination during planning and implementation. Financing mechanisms cities have used to fund TOD include Land Value Capture, a strategy based on expected increases in land values due to infrastructure investments. These mechanisms have been used to generate revenues such as Tax Increment Financing (TIF) and a wide range of taxes and fees. Cities should be aware of the potential negative impacts of TOD, such as displacement and gentrification. Effective and inclusive TOD strategies should be accompanied by land management strategies that mitigate these impacts, including having policies in place to ensure the preservation and expansion of affordable housing. There is typically a lag of at least 5 to 10 years before the economic and financial impacts of TOD investments are fully realized, thus requiring the need for patient capital, well-structured deals and financial instruments, and proper governance.


A multiple chamber molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system has been used to investigate a novel material system: GaAs/ZnSe heterostructures. Growth of ZnSe on GaAs shows that two dimensional nucleation of ZnSe occurs only on As rich GaAs surfaces while island growth occurs on the Ga rich surfaces. Studies of the inverted interface, GaAs on ZnSe, reveal a special disorder and roughening at the interface. These results are explained as manisfestations of the electronic imbalance which exists at the ZnSe/GaAs interface. Also, improved ZnSe crystalline quality is achieved by the incorporation of thin epitaxial layers of AlAs or InGaAs between the GaAs substrate and the ZnSe layer. Finally, an assessment of the interface quality resulting from the transfer between growth chambers confirms that extremely high quality interfaces can be obtained by this multiple chamber process.


Thyroglossal ductus cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital midline neck masses, especially in the pediatric population. They are mostly seen in the pediatric age group, and approximately 50% of TGDCs are seen in the second decade of life. Furthermore, they can even be found later in adulthood.[1] They occur due to a failed regression of the thyroglossal duct, which is an embryonic remnant. The thyroglossal duct is found between the foramen caecum at the posterior portion of the tongue and the anatomical location of the thyroid gland. It involutes after five weeks of gestation.[2] Any defect in involution may result in a thyroglossal duct cyst or its remnant. Therefore, TGDCs may be found anywhere on this migrant tract. 60% of TGDCs are located in the thyroid region; 24% in the submental region; 13% in the substernal region; and 2% in the intralingual region.[3]


In this paper, we consider a new approximation of the integrated energy spectrum of protons of solar cosmic rays (SCR) in the range E p > 1-100 MeV. The sample studied contains 342 proton events for the period from 03-02-1986 to 23-07-2016. This sample is complete, since it contains very weak and superimposed proton events. The superimposed events were separated and identified according to the criteria of protonity. Out of 342 proton events, 164 events were identified and processed by the author independently. For the analysis, original records of the intensity of the proton flux with energy E p > 1-100 MeV from the spacecraft GOES series were used. As the parameter characterizing the intensity of the proton flux, the maximum intensity of the proton flux I p in each energy channel during the proton event was chosen. The intensity of the proton flux I p was calculated from the preflare level. In the case of superposition of proton events, the intensity of the proton flux I p was calculated from the level of the preceding event. Also, when processing original records of proton events, emissions associated with technical interference and with the  of interplanetary shock waves  were eliminated. Comparative analysis showed that all events can be conditionally divided into 5 types according to the form of the energy spectrum of protons. It is known that for most proton events, the energy spectrum of SCR protons is described quite accurately by two power-law models. However, there remains a large number of events for which the energy spectrum of protons can not be approximated accurately by two power-law models. In connection with this, another dependence was used in this work, which allows us to approximate the energy spectrum of the protons for all events quite accurately.


Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) syndrome occurs most frequently in young obese women. Pulsatile tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss may be a patient s primary symptoms at presentation (1). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea occasionally results from BIH syndrome and may be secondary to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from the high intraabdominal pressure of a morbidly obese individual (2). We report a case of pulsatile tinnitus and CSF rhinorrhea caused by BIH syndrome that resolved after surgery for morbid obesity. We urge the otolaryngologist to consider BIH syndrome as a possible diagnosis in patients presenting with pulsatile tinnitus and CSF rhinorrhea and encourage an evaluation for treatment of obesity as a primary therapeutic goal.


We analyze two experiments that provided direct information on school test scores to lower-income families in a public school choice plan. We find that receiving information significantly increases the fraction of parents choosing higher-performing schools. Parents with high-scoring alternatives nearby were more likely to choose non-guaranteed schools with higher test scores. Using random variation from each experiment, we find evidence that attending a higher-scoring school increases student test scores. The results imply that school choice will most effectively increase academic achievement for disadvantaged students when parents have easy access to test score information and have good options to choose from.


This paper discusses the reform in teaching computer information technology course transformed from computer application basis course at universities and colleges of traditional Chinese medicine. Such aspects as teaching goal, method and content, examination form, and construction of teaching contingent are expounded on, and some reform measures mentioned above have achieved good results in actual teaching.


Mongolian-Chinese economic and trade relations went through a dramatic expansion in fifteen years from frozen relations during the Sino- Soviet cold war to all round partnership during 1990-2006. A number of factors contributed to this extraordinary development. Economic opening of both countries toward the end of the 1980s did change the environment between two countries. The collapse of the USSR and Mongolia's independence was embraced by the Chinese leadership when Ulaanbaatar chose a market economy as its main blueprint of the reforms.
The political and economic relations between two countries went through three-phase process. The first phase of 1987-1991 was characterized by full normalization of bilateral relations. The second phase of 1991-1994 has brought the new legal basis to bilateral relations. The third phase 1994-2006 was characterized by the exchange of top level visits which projected long-term, stable relations towards the new century.


Nowadays, clinical laboratory service has an important role in patient care management. A quality test result must be obtained, but this can be affected by many factors. The correct process for specimen acquisition is very necessary and must be done by competent professional personnel. The objective of this study was to improve the competency of blood collection by phlebotomists through evidence-based learning. Evidence-based information gathering from nurses, medical technologists and clinical laboratory assistants was analyzed and synthesized to use as teaching material. Subjects were divided into two groups. The results showed that the trained groups of the clecturee type and the cevidence-basede type had different levels of improvement, with the more competent group being the evidence-based one. Five out of eight assessed parameters showed significant improvement. The overall score was increased from 49.79 to 73.08 percent In addition, the evidence-based group showed their improved competency by the ability to improve the venipuncture process from 76.59 to 92.31 percent and the time to perform venipuncture per patient was reduced by 43 seconds.


The demands placed on surgical systems nowadays are greater than ever. The population undergoing major abdominal surgery is becoming older and increasingly frail with multiple co-morbidities1. Many are obese and physically unfit. These patient challenges are compounded by organizational issues, such as the drive for early postoperative discharge coupled with pressure to reduce readmission rates. At a professional level, surgeons face increasing scrutiny of their work in response to governmental and public demands for greater transparency. The high-risk surgical patient is at greater risk of adverse postoperative events and prolonged recovery2. Patients with cancer pose specific challenges, including weight loss, fatigue, malnutrition and anaemia, that influence surgical outcome. The addition of neoadjuvant therapies might provide a survival benefit, but often at a cost to functional capacity when it is most needed. Recent improvements in postoperative outcomes can be attributed to the centralization of cancer surgery, the introduction of minimally invasive surgical techniques, and the design and delivery of perioperative care programmes. Nevertheless, challenges remain and many procedures are associated with high rates of postoperative morbidity and prolonged hospital stay2. Enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) are well established in many surgical specialties and have led to a measurable improvement in postoperative outcomes3. Most ERP elements are focused, however, on the intraoperative and postoperative phases of the hospital stay. Prehabilitation is based on the principle that structured exercise in the preoperative period provides patients with a 'physiological buffer' to withstand the stress of surgery. This could potentially lead to reduced postoperative complications and minimize functional decline following surgery4. The benefit of structured exercise within healthcare is well recognized. It has been associated with lower healthcare utilization in a range of medical conditions and has contributed to improved patient-reported outcomes5. In the context of major abdominal surgery, structured exercise is associated with improved preoperative functional capacity, but with limited evidence that it contributes to improved outcomes6. There are a number of prehabilitation trials in progress (www.nhs.uk/ Conditions/Clinical-trials) designed to address the evidence gap, but these may be limited by the unimodal approach where the focus is predominantly on exercise. There is relatively little acknowledgement of the holistic approach required to deliver prehabilitation successfully7. Future research trials should incorporate the findings from other healthcare disciplines if robust evidence in support of prehabilitation is to be provided. Exercise, when prescribed in a healthcare setting, is considered a complex intervention. Adoption and adherence to exercise are determined by behavioural, physiological, psychological, environmental and social factors8. Understanding and addressing the impact that these factors have on adherence to exercise is critical to the success of timelimited exercise programmes such as prehabilitation. Exercise programmes have greater benefit if they include principles of behaviour change. For example, self-efficacy is the reflection of one's confidence and capacity to undertake changes that are likely to contribute to achieving the desired outcomes. It has been identified as an important mediator of exercise behaviour in other healthcare settings, and is an important predictor of adherence to exercise9. Self-efficacy, as measured by validated tools, is an outcome of the success of exercise programmes. It is a modifiable construct, and strategies to improve it lead to greater success with exercise adherence. Self-efficacy interventions include achievement of personalized goals, vicarious experience, verbal feedback and encouragement. These not only improve adoption and adherence to exercise, but also provide patients with the ability to self-monitor10 and adapt their exercise programme to changing clinical conditions. This is especially relevant for patients receiving neoadjuvant therapies. Intervention fidelity, the extent to which an intervention was delivered as planned, is a critical aspect of trial design and evaluation. The lack of robust evidence of the impact of prehabilitation on improved postoperative outcomes6 is possibly a result of patients in the 'intervention' arm not being adherent to the prescribed exercises4. Many prehabilitation programmes are delivered within a hospital setting, but delivering


Owing to the respect of the history culture and the comprehension of the city context, aim at the history cultural building environment and the protection of the districts, this text puts forward blending with the economic resources society, culture, the environment resources, integration, create the tradition and modern organic the city exquisite article that combine, carry out the district economy, society, the culture, civilization and environments can keep on the development.


A method of processing an image, comprising: a pair of images in a single pass, traversing each pixel of an image; application inverting function to each pixel; the pixel values of each negated recursive filter, the filter the parameter has previously traversed pixel values derived image; and a combination of the parameters of the pixel value for the pixel filter, the pixel values to provide a processed image.


Some scattering characteristics from a planar structure consists of a periodic array of patches on loss/lossless isotropic and reciprocal grounded chiral substrate are introduced. The results show that this structure has an absorption feature of the incident waves over a reasonable band of frequencies.


S troke is the consequence of an acute, critical alteration of blood flow to a region of the brain. Approximately 80% of the time, the immediate cause is an acute obstruction of an artery resulting in ischemia and the initiation of neuronal death; the rest of the time stroke follows the rupture of a cerebral blood vessel. A recent article on prevention noted that stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States.1 Of the half-million cases each year, approximately 30% are fatal. Survivors often have mental and physical impairments and require assistance in daily living. Estimates are that the cost of shortand long-term care for the 3 million patients in the United States who have survived one or more strokes is $30 billion per year. Stroke largely affects people older than 65 years of age, but more than one in four victims are younger. Mortality rate related to stroke in black Americans is approximately twice that in whites. Despite the excess mortality, black patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke have a significantly lower likelihood than white patients of underoing angiography and subsequent endarterectomy. The Food and Drug Administration has approved only one therapy for the treatment of stroke, a limited one at best. Potentially useful drugs are in the pipeline but no breakthrough therapy is in sight. The emphasis for now continues to be on primary and secondary prevention.


In this study, we measured body mass index, visceral fat ratio and 6 parts of body, neck circumference, circumference of upper arm, chest circumference, abdomen circumference, hip circumference, and thigh circumference by bioimpedence analysis system, after taking Gyeongshingangjeehwan16 (GGEx16) in five months except the first period before taking GGEx16 on 49 women who are obesity or high-level obesity. In order to examine the significance test for the effect of obesity improvement of GGEx16, we practices repeated measure ANOVA with values of measurement variables in 6 monthly times. As a result of all measurement variables, there were significant difference (P-value=0.001). Therefore, we can say that GGEx16 is effective about obesity improvement. As it dramatically decreased between second measure period and first measure period for all measure variables, we can see that there were the most effect of GGEx16 in the first time after taking GGEx16. It is known that a important measurement variable to have a effect for obesity improvement about two variable which are body mass index and visceral fat ratio is waist circumference through correlation analysis. The result of whether there are differences to effect of obesity improvement for GGEx16 around the climacteric, there were significant difference for the effect of obesity improvement for GGEx16 around the climacteric about all parts of body (P-value=0.001). There were also powerfully difference in effect of obesity improvement for GGEx16 around the climacteric about all parts of body (P-value=0.001). Especially, the climacteric before is more effective than the climacteric after in the aspect of the effect of GGEx16.


Several cases of accidental introduction of insects far away from their biotope have already been reported. Could Medauroidea extradentata, a stick insect originally from the district of Annam, Viet-nam, survive in Provence (France)? To answer this question, two sets of experiments were performed. In the first one, specimens were put together with five plants growing only in the Mediterranean areas (bear's breeches (Acanthus mollis), almond tree (Prunus dulcis), fig blanche d' Argenteuil variety (Ficus carica), fig violette de Sollies variety (Ficus carica), olive (Olea europaea), Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)) to investigate their adaptability to these diets. In the second set, the egg survival rate when exposed to moderate cold was investigated. In view of the results, M. extradentata could survive in Provence, since it was possible to breed specimens on almond trees and on the two fig trees, while half of the eggs have survived the cold.


Autonomic networking refers to the self-managing characteristics (configuration, protection, healing, and optimization) of distributed network elements, adapting to unpredictable changes while hiding intrinsic complexity from operators and users. Autonomic Networking, which often involves closed-loop control, is applicable to the complete network (functions) lifecycle (e.g. installation, commissioning, operating, etc). An autonomic function works in a distributed way across various network elements, but allowing central guidance and reporting, and co-existence with non-autonomic methods of management. This paper will discuss some of the use cases for basics autonomic agent, which takes into consideration layer 1 (with focus on optical transport) performance for layer 3 decisions.


PEGASUS is a 1.5 MJ capacitor bank facility used in the Los Alamos Trailmaster foil implosion program. The experiments on this facility are to serve as a diagnostic testbed and foil physics benchmark for foil implosions with explosive generators as drivers. During the first year of operation, foil implosions have been driven by discharging the bank directly into a very thin Aluminum 2500 A thick free-standing foil without any pulse sharpening techniques; so-called "direct drive." These direct drive experiments have served as initial tests to optimize bank performance and foil implosion experimental techniques. The results to date are presented below.


The angular distribution of shower particles from interactions in emulsion was measured by a method based on determining the coordinatss of copunctual tracks within a sphere whose center coincided with the shower crest. (tr-auth)


Laboratory study was carried out to show the effect of daily oral administration /4 LD50 (500 mg/kg b.w.) of herbicide Butachlor (Machete) after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks post treatments on some organs weight and histological changing of the climbing rat Rattus rattus frugivorous. Concerning the histological changes in liver, there was focal mononuclear leucocytes the results of this study cleared that there is a significant decrease in body weight of the treated animal comparing to the untreated ones during the period of exp. On contrast weight of the liver, kidney, heart and lungs that increased significantly and caused inflammatory cells infiltration, kÜpffer cells proliferation and hemosiderin pigments in between the degenerated hepatocytes. In addition dilation in the central veins, portal veins and sinusoids were observed. Also, AST, ALT enzymes and total protein were changed in plasma of roof rat, Rattus rattus after oral administration /4 LD50 Butachlor herbicide daily for one month were affected. An increase in AST, ALT and total protein level at all tested periods, except at 4 weak total protein did not significant changed compared with control.


Telecommunication room always need keep appropriate environment temperature for years. This paper presents a green energy saving temperature monitor system for telecommunication room based on Freescale MCF52259 microcontroller and MQX RTOS, which is consist of three parts: temperature sensor array, controller and air conditioners. Controller periodically acquires temperature- measured value of all regions in the room, and processes data using multi-sensor data fusion technique; on this base, controller regulates every region's environment temperature into proper range. According to the result of actual application, the monitor system works reliably and the average energy saving rate reach 29 percent.


Although family law requires parents to support their minor children, the question of post-majority support – or child support for adult children – is entirely different. Some states permit this type of child support, while others do not. Those affected by this divergence in approaches include college students, unemployed people, disabled people, and of course, their parents – at a time of financial difficulty for many. The approach of each jurisdiction to this issue rests on whether the family is viewed as a social support system and whether intergenerational obligations exist. To help analyze these questions, this Article uses a comparative approach, considering the relevant law and public policy of both Europe and the United States.


To elucidate relationships between changes in brain activity associated with emotional image presentation, EEG spectra were analyzed in the resting state and during Positive or Negative image presentation using wearable electrical encephalogram (EEG) device and custom image presentation software developed in our laboratory. When alpha band power spectra were compared between resting state and emotional image presentation conditions, power spectrum values in the resting state were found to decrease in both positive and negative image presentation conditions. In particular, alpha band attenuation was strongly observed in negative image presentation conditions. These results suggest that a wearable EEG device may be able to detect changes in brain activity associated with visual information.


Listservs and ListProcs provide their subscribers with a wealth of information beyond the daily discussion messages. This paper tells how to search for and retrieve information from a list's archives, how to use the information in list headers, and how to find new lists


We explore the role of charge localization in current-triggered, resonance-mediated, dynamical events in molecular junctions. To that end we use a simple model for a molecular rattle, a Li+C9H−9 zwitterion attached between two metal clusters. By varying the size of the metal clusters we systematically vary the degree of delocalization of the electronic orbitals underlying the resonant current, and thus can draw general conclusions regarding the effect of delocalization on dynamical processes induced by resonance inelastic current in molecular electronics.

In the small cluster limit, we find interesting quantum dynamics in the nuclear subspace, corresponding to coherent tunneling of the wave packet through the barrier of an asymmetric double-well potential. These dynamics are rapidly damped with increasing charge delocalization in extended systems.


An evaluation has found that community testing in Liverpool reduced cases of covid-19, but experts say more evidence is needed on the use of rapid tests, reports Jacqui Wise