When setting up models for analysis using the explicit solver in LS-DYNA, the method of how to model bolted connections is usually well known. However, when this model or even just certain substructures of the model are used for load cases to be solved using the implicit solver in LS-DYNA, problems might arise that you might have not been aware of before. Typical automotive load cases for LS-DYNA implicit involve door sag, seat pull, misuse and other problems that are running over a long time span. The goal of this contribution is to review the different modeling techniques for friction grip bolts in view of their respective spatial discretization, their required contact definitions, their pre-tension application and their load carrying behavior. Moreover, typical problems that arise during explicit and implicit time integration are discussed and solutions to these potential problems are provided. While these potential problems are often overseen in explicit, they become very apparent in implicit simulations when the user runs into convergence problems. This may especially be the case during the pre-tensioning phase of the bolt, when the friction grip connection starts to slip or ultimately fail. Finally, a summary is given pointing out the current limitations as well as best practice approaches for four different types of modeling approaches for friction grip bolts, which can be downloaded from www.dynaexamples.com/connections/bolts.


The article analyzes the significance of the 'bridge' detail in F. Dostoevsky'sCrime and Punishment[Prestuplenie i nakazanie]. The bridge is not a mere landscape feature, but a means of subtextual expression of the protagonist's inner drama. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the detail's artistic significance in the novel.Examination of the plot sequences and the context for the mention of a bridge helps to establish its compositional role as a connector between two existential dimensions: the true one, inspired by realization of God's design, and the false one, generated by Raskolnikov's theory. The symbolic meaning of a bridge in the aesthetic universe can explain the character's internal struggles and acute spiritual controversy.The study of the functions of the 'bridge' detail in Dostoevsky's novel clarifies the writer's artistic intent and the book's philosophical background.


It is now well established that Synthetic Aperture Imaging Radiometers (SAIR) promise to be powerful sensors for high-resolution observations of the Earth at low microwave frequencies. Within this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) is currently developing the SMOS mission. This propagation of modelling errors within a reconstruction process that attempts to retrieve the brightness temperature of a scene under observation from interferometric measurements depends on the knowledge of the values of the parameters involved in the modelling of the instrument. This contribution describes an approach to characterize these modelling parameters, once the instrument has been launched into space, with an accuracy such that the propagation of errors through the reconstruction process is still under control.


This paper presents a detailed architecture model for the Brain Imaging Network Grid (BING) that will be the main IT infrastructure of the recently created Portuguese Brain Imaging Consortium. The proposed architecture follows a service oriented philosophy and is designed to empower medical data sharing and processing, specifically brain images. Allowing the use of computationally intensive methods like feature extraction and retrieving of structured information, this system will take advantage of Grid computing new paradigm. In BING context, Grid infrastructure is the right option to provide the ability to seamless aggregate distributed computational power, extensive storage resources and high-bandwidth networking. The goal is to develop a system that simultaneously can provide basic data services, allow collaborative research between geographically distributed partners (e.g. analysis processes, workflows) and make use of the Grid computational power.


With the rapid advances in sophisticated solar modeling and the abundance of high‐quality solar pulsation data, efficient and robust inversion techniques are crucial for seismic studies. We present some aspects of an efficient Fourier Optimally Localized Averaging (OLA) inversion method with an example applied to time‐distance helioseismology.


Media access control (MAC) layer is a very important layer in wireless sensor networks. The media access control data communication protocol sub layer also known as the medium access control. It provide addressing and chhanel acess control mechanism that makes it possible for several terminal or network nodes to communicate within a multipoint network. The mac layer carries the physical address of each device on the network. This address is more commonaly called  a device's Mac address. The MAC address is 48 bit address that's encoded on each network devices by its manufacture. Backoff algorithm are used to gain access medium with minimum Probability of collision MAC layer recieve Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) for collision abstention. In the second type of backoff algorithms, backoff periods are changed depending on many factors. The most common factor used is the result of last attempt of transmission by the node requesting channel access.


It is well documented that since at least the 1970s investment-cash flow (I-CF) sensitivity has been decreasing over time to disappear almost completely by the late 2000s. Based on a neoclassical investment model with costly external financing, we show that this pattern can be explained by the gradual increase of capital adjustment costs. The result is corroborated in the supplementary analysis that exploits the cross-country and cross-industry variation of capital adjustment costs, as proxied by the level of technological advancement. More generally, our findings demonstrate that I-CF sensitivity should only be interpreted as a joint measure of financial and real frictions.


Role uncertaintly has particular relevance to the performance of the sales marketing executive. This study examines the role uncertainty construct utilizing Singh and Rhoads' molecular measures. The findings in this study demonstrate the applicability of Singh and Rhoads' measures for role uncertainty for cross-cultural use. The paper concludes with some research and managerial implications of the findings in this study.


Objective To study the role of potassium-magnesium aspartate in the diffuse axonal injury. Methods 46 patients with diffuse axonal injury were randomly divided into two groups.The treated group was treated with potassium-magnesium aspartate plus conventional treatments including oxygen,dehydration,organ functional support,nerve nutrition,prevention of complication.The conventional group was treated with conventional treatments alone.The concentrations of NSE and MBP in serum at admission and at 3,7and 14 days after treatment were determined;the Glasgow coma score(GCS) at admission and at 1 week and 2 weeks after hospitalization and the Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) after 3 months were compared to observe the long-term efficacy.Meanwhile,20 healthy people,including 12 males and 8 females aged 32~51 years old,were selected as control group. Results The concentrations of the serum NSE and MBP in the patients with diffuse axonal injury were significantly higher than those in the healthy adults(P0.05).The concentrations of serum NSE and MBP in the treated group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group after the treated 7 and 14 days(P0.05).Before treatment,the GCSs of patients in the two groups had not statistical difference(P0.05).The GCSs of the patients at 1 week,2 weeks and GOS at 3 months after treatment in the potassium-magnesium aspartate group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group(P0.05). Conclusion Potassium-magnesium aspartate can reduce the concentrations of serum NSE and MBP and improve the prognosis in the patients with diffuse axonal injury.


Plasma stealth is a new type of stealth technique.To achieve stealth,plasma stealth technique makes use of the reciprocity of plasma and electromagnetic wave.The paper recommends the composing and the classes of plasma and the ways of producing plasma.The paper discusses the basic theory for plasma stealth and the applications in weapons.With the actuality of the plasma stealth technique,the paper also prospects its future development trend.


The paper introduces the main function,hardware structure and characteristic of software design of an acquisition system for the performance parameters of main mine fan consisted of single-chip computer,With reliable work,convenient use and high ratio of performance to price,the system realizes the automation and inteligence operation in the test of main mine fan.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved electrical cable connector allowing for improvement of efficiency of work performed for a power line or a switch gear component.SOLUTION: A ground link includes: a bushing interface portion; a cap receiving portion; a tap portion; and a grounding element extending between the bushing interface portion and the gap receiving portion, wherein the bushing interface portion is inserted into a bore in an elbow-type power cable electrical connector. The grounding element includes an exposed portion projecting above the surface of the ground link, wherein the exposed portion is configured for attachment by a grounded hot line clamp to ground the electrical connector assembly. The tap portion receives a second elbow connector to conductively couple the second elbow connector to the elbow-type power cable electrical connector.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1B


Kenya and Ethiopia are focused on four key sectors: health, education, water and sanitation, and private sector development. As part of the World Bank Netherlands Partnership Program on nurturing information access, transparency, and good governance in service delivery, local researchers sought empirical evidence and comparative experiences that will inform policy reform debates and future programming in these and other sectors. This note highlights the institutional context of information flows and differences in sector performance in service provision on the basis of forms of information, its access and availability, and dissemination. Although the role of information is a key element of service delivery governance in these countries, this research reveals that sector-specific obstacles, in addition to the persistence of institutional legacies of centralization and public mistrust of government roles in service delivery, continue to hamper improvements in channels of information access. Furthermore, while service delivery in some sectors confronts problems that are more structural than informational, enhancing channels of information access is still a critical task in forging more transparent systems in service provision.


Litigation is often pursued by clients who have not received follow-up care or who are not aware of the practitioner's complaints procedure. In the fifth of this series of legal articles, Mandy Luckman highlights the importance of having an accessible, transparent pathway for patients, which can be followed if and when a procedure goes wrong. In particular, she outlines how this approach can achieve positive outcomes


This article aims to reveal the life and ṣūfī views of Abu Muḥammad alJarīrī, the successor of Junayd al-Baghdādī. Junayd al-Baghdādī, a ṣūfī lived in Baghdad, is among the ṣūfīs that are praised by the people in both his contemporary period and later. His scientific competence in other religious fields, especially in Ṣūfīsm, is recognized by all groups. It can be said that this feature of him emerged with the advice of his uncle. Junayd is known with the nickname "lord of the ṣūfīs" among Ṣūfīs. Abu Muḥammad alJarīrī has been described as "the successor of Junayd" in the sources. There are many successors of Junayd al-Baghdādī, however, the narratives indicate that "Jarīrī has replaced Junayd and Junayd designated Jarīrī after himself ". Therefore, the successor of Jarīrī is in the foreground compared to the others. Abu Muḥammad alJarīrī made statements on some matters, including soul (nafs), mystical knowledge (ma'rifah), monotheism (tawḥīd), belief, and sincerity in ṣūfī thought, like other ṣūfīs. However, sometimes, his comments on these mentioned topics are expressed with one sentence only because of the lack of context. This article initially examines the life of Jarīrī and his relationship with Junayd and later talks about ṣūfī views of Jarīrī.


This paper introduces IP, ARP and UDP in TCP/IP. And the data format and communication principle in Ethernet is particularly analysized. A kind of embedded network system based on TCP/IP is suggested. The system can realize the data transmission and remote control for image display through Ethernet successfully.


The WECAN program is designed to introduce high school female students to concepts in electrical and computer engineering (ECE). The program is focused on young women who have completed a pre-calculus class during their junior year of high school. A two week summer camp was held in the summer of 2006. During the camp, we cover approximately 60% of the course content contained in our freshman level ECE course. The camp is limited to female students only -those wishing to receive credit for EE 1304 may do so by completing a distance learning component of the course. Follow-up efforts continue during students' senior high school year (2006-07) to maintain contact and enhance recruiting efforts, as well as to determine for project evaluation purposes whether students who attended the camp enroll in engineering school


A compact fiber optic probe developed by Ansari et al. for fluids experiments in the challenging conditions of a microgravity environment on-board a space shuttle orbiter has been applied to obtain `cataractograms' in transgenic mice to study early onset of cataractogenesis. Cataractograms are topographical contour maps of the lens which are obtained non-invasively by scanning the eye with the probe in three-dimensions (x, y, and z directions). This new method provides a visual means, in false color, for quantitative detection and monitoring of cataracts in the entire lens. The portion of lens mapped is only limited by the degree of pupil dilation. The dilated pupil is about 1 mm for the transgenic mice system reported in this study.


Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have been recognised as a promising solution to address the spectrum shortage problem by allowing secondary users to opportunistically utilise the temporally and/or spatially unused spectrum holes without causing unacceptable interference to the primary users. Spectrum sensing is known as one of the key enabling technologies for identifying the spectrum holes in CRNs. In this article, the limitations of conventional spectrum sensing at discovering spatial spectrum hole are highlighted and an interference‐aware sensing metric is adopted to maximise the spectrum hole utilisation for a secondary user. Specifically, we introduce a new degree of freedom, transmit power adaptation, into the issue of interference‐aware spectrum sensing and develop a joint optimization problem to maximise the interference‐free throughput of the secondary user while satisfying the quality of service constraints of both the primary and secondary transmissions. Moreover, observing that the transmit power lies within a strict finite interval, the jointly optimal strategy of sensing threshold and transmit power is proved to be tractable by sequential optimization. Compared against the existing sensing techniques presented in related work, we show through numerical simulations that the proposed technique results in better spectrum hole utilisation for the secondary user without sacrificing the desired degree of protection for primary users. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article is devoted to the question of the translation into French of the Polish preposition spoza (from behind) in the Polish-French bilingual dictionaries published in the last sixty years. The article first reports on the different meanings of the term appearing in monolingual Polish dictionaries. It then proposes an analysis, based on semantic criteria, of the French equivalents appearing in the Polish-French bilingual dictionaries. This analysis consists in particular in verifying whether the different meanings given to spoza in monolingual dictionaries also appear in bilingual dictionaries. Despite the relative frequency of use of this preposition in Polish, nearly half of the bilingual dictionaries consulted do not mention the term spoza. In addition, in the dictionary articles containing the term, the authors find a wide variety of French equivalents and point out numerous gaps and errors. One of the explanations advanced to understand the inaccuracy of certain French equivalents is the difficulty of French to express ablative relation, indicating direction from.


The phenomenon of the green flash was looked, for on many occasions during the Polar Year 1932–33 by the Canadian Party at Chesterfield, Northwest Territories, but it was observed only once. This was at sunrise September 1, 1933, at 4:45 a. m. (90° west meridian time). It was seen by J. Rea and the undersigned from the deck of a small schooner in Hudson Bay. A vivid green point changing quickly to a fairly sizable ball of green fire preceded the first glimpse of the Sun. The whole occurrence lasted from two to three seconds. There was hardly any wind and the sea was calm. Long billows of alto-cumulus clouds running in a northwest to southeast direction covered nine-tenths of the sky, but for three or four degrees above the eastern horizon the sky was clear.


In recent years, the economic development world has come to recognize the pivotal role entrepreneurship plays in increasing a region's economic prosperity. Entrepreneurial approaches to economic development such as "economic gardening," first introduced in the City of Littleton, Colorado, focus on the important role that timely, reliable, and actionable business information plays in the success of small and growing local businesses. This approach to economic development provides public and university libraries with a unique opportunity to play an important role in their communities by supporting the business information needs of local entrepreneurs. This article addresses some of the successes and challenges that have arisen in the implementation of a pilot economic gardening project involving several libraries and business service entities in two communities in rural Michigan.


This article will examine the totem of aboriginal culture in North Borneo with Iban as representative, as depicted in the contexts of proses written by Liang Fang, Tian Si, Shen Qing Wang, and other Sarawak Chinese writers. Crucial elements such as "Rumah Panjang (i.e. the long house)", cultural festivals, head hunting habitude, primitive wizardry and etc been applied in prose writing to establish the unique "Genius Loci" which hold together the aboriginal culture and sprit & dignity, forming the secret path of guidance for readers in outer regions. The Sarawak Chinese prose favored the Ibans who do not have the ability to come out with their scripts and voices, to record the "Genius Loci" leaded from the civilization of Rumah Panjang, and witness the fall of it under the impact of urban civilization.


Big Data: why (oh why?) this computational social science? David O'Sullivan, Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley email@example.com Many others, in this volume and elsewhere, have and will comment on the political, social, economic, cultural and ethical implications of Big Data. (1) I strongly agree that those implications are important. Indeed, I believe they are the most urgent aspects of Big Data with which critically engaged social science must grapple. There is a good fight to be fought in the public arena over the many worrying directions in which the political-economic impulses driving Big Data are pointing. The complicated ways in which the Big Data movement (if we can call it that) is entangled with a burgeoning, authoritarian and surveillant state, simultaneously enabling and in thrall to a rhetoric of free-market 'disruption', demand our close attention, if they are to be countered by more humane alternatives. There is, of course, a substantial literature that refuses to roll over before the technological triumphalism (or is it fatalism?) of work such as Too Big To Know (Weinberger, 2011) and Big Data (Mayer-Schonberger and Cukier, 2013). Many of the concerns raised by the current moment are ably dissected in Digital Disconnect (McChesney, 2013), The Filter Bubble (Pariser, 2011), You Are Not A Gadget (Lanier, 2010) Who Owns The Future? (Lanier, 2014), and To Save Everything, Click Here (Morozov, 2013) among others. Given the centrality of geographical data of one kind or another to the data deluge, it is surely important that geographers become more visible in this public conversation (Farmer and Pozdnoukhov, 2012). Substantial contributions like Code/Space (Kitchin and Dodge, 2011)


Significance Rab8 is a key regulator of exocytosis. To understand how Rab8 itself is regulated in cells, it is pivotal to study how its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rabin8 is activated. Here we demonstrate that Rabin8 has an autoinhibitory conformation. Phosphorylation of Rabin8 by ERK1/2 in response to EGF relieves the autoinhibition of Rabin8, thus promoting its GEF activity on Rab8. In cells, blocking Rabin8 phosphorylation inhibits vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane. Our work identifies a molecular mechanism for Rabin8 activation and reveals a regulatory pathway that controls Rab8 activation and vesicular trafficking in response to extracellular signaling. Exocytosis is tightly regulated in many cellular processes, from neurite expansion to tumor proliferation. Rab8, a member of the Rab family of small GTPases, plays an important role in membrane trafficking from the trans-Golgi network and recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane. Rabin8 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and major activator of Rab8. Investigating how Rabin8 is activated in cells is thus pivotal to the understanding of the regulation of exocytosis. Here we show that phosphorylation serves as an important mechanism for Rabin8 activation. We identified Rabin8 as a direct phospho-substrate of ERK1/2 in response to EGF signaling. At the molecular level, ERK phosphorylation relieves the autoinhibition of Rabin8, thus promoting its GEF activity. We further demonstrate that blocking ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of Rabin8 inhibits transferrin recycling to the plasma membrane. Together, our results suggest that ERK1/2 activate Rabin8 to regulate vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane in response to extracellular signaling.


Abstract We present a proof of the existence of real eigenvalues of real symmetric matrices which does not rely on any limit or compactness arguments, but only uses the notions of "sup", "inf".


This paper analyzes the ADC effectiveness evaluation model of weapon system,combining with the factors need to be considered in the operational effectiveness evaluation of shipboard communication countermeasure systems under different environment conditions,improves the traditional ADC evaluation model,sets up the evaluation model and indexes of the operational effectiveness of shipboard communication countermeasure systems considering the environment conditions,and explains the simulated shipboard communication countermeasure system by means of this model.


in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), may be related to and deteriorate chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract (URT). Previous studies based on cultivation methods showed an increased frequency of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in GPA. Methods: The microbial URT community was analyzed using culture- independent high-throughput methods. Nasal swabs were collected from patients with GPA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA, disease control), and healthy controls. Nasal bacterial taxa were assessed using V3–V4 region 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza, and entero- and rhinoviruses were detected using qPCR. Unbiased metagenomic RNA sequencing (UMERS) was performed in a subset of samples. Results: Taxonomic abundance and microbial richness were sig- nificantly decreased in GPA samples compared with RA samples. At the family level, patients with GPA and RA displayed similarities with increased abundance of Planococcaceae and decreased abundance of Tissierellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Propionibacteriaceae. By contrast, an increased abundance of Prevotellaceae and decreased abundance of Corynebacteriaceae and Aerococcaceae was shown in GPA, but not in RA (Figure). The relative abundance of Staphylococcaceae was depending on overall disease activity and that of Streptococcaceae, Planococcaceae and Corynebacteriacea on URT activity in GPA. Significantly more colonization of S. aureus was seen in the nasal microbiome of GPA compared with RA and healthy controls. Moreover, H. influenzae colonization was observed in GPA samples. UMERS detected the presence of rhinoviral sequences in some GPA samples. Conclusion: Similarities and differences in the URT microbial composition between patients with GPA and healthy and disease controls (RA) suggest an impact of both disease background and immunosuppression on nasal dysbiosis. Complex alterations of hostmicrobiome interactions in the URT may perpetuate chronic Background: ORAI1 encodes a calcium channel essential in the store- operated calcium entry mechanism. A previous genetic association study identified a rare in-frame insertion variant of ORAI1 conferring Kawasaki disease (KD). However, owing to the design in the study, where variants were identified by re-sequencing a small number of KD patients, it was assumed that there remain other rare variants of ORAI1 that were not examined. Methods: To deepen our understanding of the involvement of rare variants of ORAI1 in KD pathogenesis, we investigated 3812 KD patients and 2644 controls. Variants in the protein coding region of ORAI1 in the study participants' DNA were searched for by Sanger sequencing. Association was assessed by the Fisher's exact test. We applied the collapsing method to variants for which (cid:2) 0.75 of statistic power was not expected to detect association with P < 0.05 under the assumption of the odds ratio of 3.0. We also collapsed the variants stratified into sub- groups by their minor allele frequencies (MAFs), deleteriousness predicted by the CADD tool and variant types, and then assessed the association. Results: Twenty-seven variants with MAFs < 0.01 that had not been examined in the previous study were identified. Although no significant association with KD was observed neither in single-variant analyses nor in an investigation with the collapsing method for the 27 variants, stratification by MAFs, predicted deleteriousness and variant types revealed that six types of rare, deleterious missense variants (MAF < 0.001, CADD C-score (cid:2) 20) were exclusively present in KD mimicking PAN (DADA2): Serum ADA2 was low and the diagnosis was confirmed genetically in all of these 15 DADA2 patients. The skin manifestations were prominent in the majority of the patients. Microaneurysms in medium-sized arteries were shown in angiography in 6 (42.8%) (3 pediatric, 3 adult) patients. Necrotizing vasculitis involving small- to medium-sized arteries was demonstrated in biopsies in 5 (35.7%) patients.2. The second group was the auto inflammatory interferono-pathies presenting with vasculopathy: In this group we present two pediatric patients: one the classical phenotype of STING-associated vasculitis of infancy (SAVI) and one with CANDLE-like features, high interferon final group was vasculitides associated with a (monogenic) We present one typical patient with and of be included group and will be shortly discussed. Conclusion: monogenic since diagnostic differs


A Cobalt disulfide–reduced graphene oxide (CoS2-RGO) nanocomposite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and the prepared nanocomposite was characterized using various techniques like XRD, SEM and FTIR. The results of these techniques indicated the uniform deposition of CoS2 nanoparticles on Graphene sheets. Further, the prepared nanocomposites were tested for its activity towards energy storage and the test results showed a specific capacitance of 28F/g in an aqueous 20% KOH electrolyte at a current density of 0.5A/g. All these materials showed highly reversible charge–discharge cycles. The overall electrochemical performance of this composite is shown to be drastically improved when compared to bare CoS2 nanoparticles. Thus with the good electrochemical properties, CoS2–RGO nanocomposites could be effectively used as an electrode material for supercapacitors.


Expressions are developed for the internal efficiencies of magnetoelastic Rayleigh‐wave convolvers. A bulk‐wave formalism is used to express the nonlinear magnetization components m responsible for the convolution, as the square of the input signals S1 and S2, i.e., m=η (S1+S2)2. The resulting expressions for η have a resonance‐type denominator of the form ω2−ω20, where ω0 is the gyrofrequency. Such a resonance does not occur with surface magnetoelastic waves. The results are adapted to the surface‐wave case by means of an approximation to estimate the nonzero value of the denominator. Experimental values of η range from 1.2×105 to 4.7×105 Wb/m2 for the best convolvers reported to date. Corresponding theoretical values range from 9.5×104 to 1.58×105 Wb/m2. Uncertainties in the experimental and theoretical estimates are discussed.Expressions are developed for the internal efficiencies of magnetoelastic Rayleigh‐wave convolvers. A bulk‐wave formalism is used to express the nonlinear magnetization components m responsible for the convolution, as the square of the input signals S1 and S2, i.e., m=η (S1+S2)2. The resulting expressions for η have a resonance‐type denominator of the form ω2−ω20, where ω0 is the gyrofrequency. Such a resonance does not occur with surface magnetoelastic waves. The results are adapted to the surface‐wave case by means of an approximation to estimate the nonzero value of the denominator. Experimental values of η range from 1.2×105 to 4.7×105 Wb/m2 for the best convolvers reported to date. Corresponding theoretical values range from 9.5×104 to 1.58×105 Wb/m2. Uncertainties in the experimental and theoretical estimates are discussed.


The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic response after an intravenous bolus injection of clonidine (2.5 μg·kg−1) were investigated in paediatric patients. Plasma levels of clonidine were determined by radioimmunoassay in eight ASA 1 paediatric patients (age: 33 months (SD 13), weight: 15.1 kg (SD 3.4), body surface area: 0.625 m2 (SD 0.109)). A considerably shorter terminal half‐life (mean 6.13 h (SD 1.33), harmonic mean: 5.55 h, 95% confidence interval 4.60–7.63), a smaller distribution volume (0.96 1·kg−1 (SD 0.43)) and a higher total body clearance (4.85 ml·kg−1 min−1 (SD 1.00)) were found in comparison with previously reported adult studies. The haemodynamic response was investigated during isoflurane anaesthesia in twelve ASA 1 children (age: 31 months (SD 11), weight: 14.4 kg (SD 3.1)) premedicated with rectal midazolam and atropine. A significant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was observed (P= 0.0032). The MABP was found to be reduced by 26.3% (SD 13.6) compared with baseline and the time for 75% of the expected blood pressure reduction to occur was 21.3 min (SD 25.6). A consistent finding in all patients was a harmonic undulation of the blood pressure implying a dampened sine wave response. A small but significant decrease in heart rate (127 bpm (SD 19) vs 119 bpm (SD 20), P= 0.006) was observed immediately after injection following which the heart rate gradually returned to the previous baseline. The observed changes in heart rate and blood pressure responses were of a moderate magnitude. The use of clonidine as a premedicant or adjunct to general anaesthesia in children appears to be appropriate from both a pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic standpoint.


Abstract : In this paper we report two recent achievements with respect to chemical diffusion across grain boundaries: (i) A model based on the concepts of electrostatic and chemical capacitances and electrochemical resistances is introduced. This model, which is derived from the Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations, turns out to be a very efficient tool yielding an adequate description of chemical diffusion across Schottky barriers. (ii) The model predictions were verified by a novel method which allows for in-situ monitoring of the diffusion front as it propagates across a single grain boundary in Fe- doped SrTiO3. The low symmetry boundary (near Sigma-13) shows a pronounced chemical resistance reflected by a distinct jump in the concentration profiles, while the highly symmetrical Simga-3 boundary is not of any measurable influence. The effects can be quantitatively explained by Schottky barriers acting on both electrons and ions. The diffusion profiles can be precisely modelled with the space charge potential as the only unknown parameter. The space charge potentials are found to be in good agreement with the values derived from electrical measurements.


In 20 August 2014, a heavy rainstorm triggered more than 450 shallow landslides and debris flows in hillslopes of granite and hornfels in Hiroshima, southwest Japan. The characteristics of landslides differ with geology even they are located under similar rainfall condition (~150 mm/3h). Two types of shallow landsliding emerged in this area; planar translational sliding of soil layer and gush-out failure of gravelly colluvium. Planar sliding occurred both of granite and hornfels and it removed thin soil layer up to 1 m. The mechanism determining the slip depth seems to be different with lithology. Planar sliding in granite form a slip plane at a boundary of mechanical strength in soil profile, while the sliding occurred at hydraulic discontinuity for hillslopes in hornfels area. Gush-out failures were triggered mainly in hornfels area. In many gush-out scars, open-worked gravel layer exposed at the bottom of scar head. This layer may works as conduit for groundwater drainage, however, excess water supply might trigger pore pressure raise, leading to shallow landslide initiations.


A new automatic falling-prevention safeguard system on magnetic crane has been desgined by studying the working characteristics of magnetic crane,moreover,a new plan,which can deal with the emergence of vibration and power failure has been proposed.After the computational analysis and the model design,the new automatic falling-prevention safeguard system show good safety performance in the experiment.


The role of thermal power plants is becoming more and more important in Japan because of the reducing number of nuclear power plants after Tohoku Pacific Ocean Earthquake. Renewable energy supply is expected as an alternative in terms of energy security but it is difficult to secure the energy in a very stable manner. As a result, unexpected demands on thermal power generation irregularly happen to cover the fluctuation of power supply and/or demand. Under these circumstances, the usage of thermal power plant equipped with a coal-fired boiler is changing towards a more dynamic and complicated manner of operation. This research conducted a study with the two types of simulation models to clarify this operation; namely, a fluid simulation model of coal-fired boiler; and a process simulation model of thermal power plant. This paper shows these two types of modeling approaches and discusses the feasibility of the models implemented in this study to propose a simulation-based solution for adaptable power plant operation.


Global warming is the top ten environmental problem of the world, and the greenhouse effect caused by a large number of CO2 emissions from human society is the root of climate change. Currently, the global warming becomes serious and has become the crisis and challenge of all the world. Low carbon economy is the best mode of coping with the global warming and realizing sustainable development of economy and society. In many policies to promote low carbon economic development, various related carbon tax policies and regulations are still the most dependent means of every country. The carbon tax levied by part of OECD countries is worthy of our reference.


Ionic liquid electrospray thruster has the advantages of high thrust accuracy, low power consumption and low noise. It has been tested in-orbit as a ST7-DRS payload in LISA Pathfinder mission. It is one of the best micro-thruster candidates for space gravitational wave detection mission. In this paper, ionic liquid electrospray process in the atmosphere and the performance of thruster in vacuum are studied. The experimental results in the atmosphere show that corona discharge exists in the ionic liquid electrospray process. The inevitability of corona discharge in the electrospray process is analyzed theoretically, and the interaction between corona discharge and electrospray is analyzed. The basic performance of passive ionic liquid electrospray thruster prototype was tested in vacuum environment, and the current-voltage curve was obtained. The composition of plume in positive and negative modes was preliminarily determined by time of flight method. The results showed that monomer ions were dominant in positive mode, while ions and droplets accounted for the same proportion in negative mode, resulting in average specific charge is low. This may be the cause of current asymmetry in positive and negative modes.


The design and implementation of the EDIF family of standards is based on the use of the specication technique called information modelling. The goal of information modelling is to provide the standards development process with a methodology that will ensure, as far as is possible, that the contents of the standard are correct, consistent and clearly dened. To a c hieve this goal, it is essential to separate the semantics of the information carried by a given standard, such as EDIF, and the syntax used to support tools based on the standard. In EDIF, there is a very clear separation here: the information model alone denes the semantics of the standard using a simple but powerful modelling method. The syntax of the format is dened separately as a formal BNF and is supported by a more traditional Language Reference Manual which includes practical examples. In this tutorial, the presentation will also be separated. In the rst part, the concepts underlying the technique of information modelling will be explained. The information modelling method used will be EXPRESS [ISO 10303.11], the ISO standard modelling language which has been used in the EDIF organization for over 5 years. EXPRESS is based on a combination of specication and language paradigms, but owes a great deal to the object-oriented tradition. The rst part of the talk will address the high level concepts and goals of information modelling. It will look at the basic mechanisms EXPRESS provides for capturing the essential objects and attributes of a domain and how those objects are interrelated. Above all, it will concentrate on how constraints are used to ensure that the information model is explicit and unambiguous. The second part of the presentation will focus on the content of EDIF Version 3 5 0 a n d EDIF Version 4 0 0. The general architecture of the new EDIF standard will be introduced and used to show h o w extensions of EDIF into the new domains of PCB and MCM are supported. The solutions adopted in EDIF to ensure a representation with minimal context dependency and hence, it is hoped, minimal ambiguity will be highlighted. EDIF Version 3 5 0 enhances the EDIF standard beyond the connectivity (netlist) and schematics capability in EDIF Version 3 0 0 i n to the PCB domain. It includes the representation of a PCB as a layered product with support for both bare …


: Some of the significant changes taking place in the livestock production, particularly those in the animal genetic resources in Serbia of how to be used and preserved have been put forth in the paper. In addition to preserving the existing biodiversity, a good-tech use of the autochthonous genetic material of the cattle and poultry strains and breeds would be provided when producing intrinsically healthy diet and when paving the way for as economical production process and environmental protection as possible.


The signals from the die by the selectively coupled to the die and through the respective transistor is on the same route each of the stacked integrated circuit die first and second bonding pads on the dies of each of the circuit fabricated on. On the other hand in which the transistors are rendered conductive connected to the first bonding pad of the upper die, the transistors connected to the second bonding pads of the top die are non-conduction state. A transistor connected to the second bonding pads of the lower die are in a conductive state, whereas, the transistors connected to the first bonding pads of the bottom die are the non-conductive state. A second bonding pad of the upper die are connected to the second bonding pads of the lower die via a wafer interconnect extending through the upper die. The signals are then routed from the first and second dies with a circuit on the circuit, and through the first and second bonding pads, respectively. Integrated circuits, stacked die, the bonding pads, interconnects, transistors, fuses


Abstract Will J. Merry computed Rabinowitz Floer homology above Mañé's critical value in terms of loop space homology in [14] by establishing an Abbondandolo–Schwarz short exact sequence. The purpose of this paper is to provide an alternative proof of Merry's result. We construct a continuation homomorphism for symplectic deformations which enables us to reduce the computation to the untwisted case. Our construction takes advantage of a special version of the isoperimetric inequality which above Mañé's critical value holds true.


A bidirectional transformation (bx) is a means of maintaining the consistency of two or more related sources of information. Existing bx frameworks attempt to capture what it means for a bx to be well-behaved by proposing various laws. In many cases, however, it is still unclear if such laws really capture "desirable" behaviour from a user's perspective. We argue that knowing most users' expectations is not only useful as input for designing, extending, and improving existing bx frameworks and tools, but also when attempting to choose the most suitable bx tool for a specific application scenario and group of users. In addition, being aware of intuitive expectations that cannot be fulfilled by a chosen bx tool (perhaps for good reasons!) is equally important; when designing and implementing consistency maintainers, such mismatches between users' expectations and tool characteristics should be made explicit and discussed with all stakeholders. In this paper, we designed and performed an experiment asking 65 computer science students to answer questions regarding the expected behaviour of a synchroniser. Our contribution is twofold: (i) we propose an experiment design that can be adapted and repeated for a specific group of users, and (ii) we present and discuss empirical data obtained from two runs of the experiment.


ABSTRACT Based on a complete mathematical model, the authors set up a problem of metal plate destruction by contacting explosive charge in highly nonlinear dynamic software AUTODYN and solved in two cases using the Johnson–Cook and von Mises strength models. The numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental results and showed a good fit of numerical calculations versus experiments by using the von Mises strength model. The study also shows that the Johnson–Cook strength model, if applied unreasonably, will lead to large errors, which would help to avoid mistakes in the future high speed impact study.


This article responds to the current fascination around a possible connection between the Voortrekker Monument and Freemasonry. It aims to put forward a fact based argument and analysis to counter the subjective and sensationalized views dominating this debate. The article focuses on the relationship between the Volkerslachtdenkmal (1913) in Leipzig, Germany and the Voortrekker Monument (1949) in Pretoria, South Africa. The article establishes the origin of the influence of the Volkerslachtdenkmal on the design of the Voortrekker Monument and show that the designer of the Voortrekker Monument knew the Leipzig monument. It is then shown that the Volkerslachtdenkmal has strong associations with Freemasonry. A more rigorous analysis of the geometric and spatial correspondences between the two monuments then forms the basis on which an position is put forward that the Masonic spatial qualities in the Voortrekker Monument is probably due to the fact that it borrowed design ideas from the Leipzig monument and inadvertently imported the esoteric qualities.


Soft magnetic materials are currently used in a variety of applications in electrical machines, sensors and elements of devices. If prepared in thin film form, they can be applied to micro- and nano-patterned devices. However, with respect to ribbons and bulk materials, thin films of the same composition usually display worse soft magnetic properties, thus requiring suitable solutions to restore high permeability and low coercivity. In this review, the magnetic properties of thin films prepared by sputtering are presented. Several compositions of soft magnetic materials are investigated, including Co-Fe-Si-B, Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B, Fe-Si-B, Fe-Co-Nb-Si-P-B, Fe-Zr-Nb-Cu-B. Their amorphous-to-crystallization processes are studied by means of furnace annealing and Joule heating. Hysteresis loops and magnetic domain imaging, together with structural techniques, are used to follow the effects of annealing, which include stress relaxation and crystallization. The effects of magnetic field annealing are investigated and discussed.


Campus students are the most active factor.In addition to their study,exercise,rest and other basic school life,but also need to spontaneous exchange,communication and learning.It's important to promote the physical and mental health of the students and stimulate their potential.Therefore,create high-quality communication spaces is the key to a successful design of University building.In this paper,I take Chaoyang University of Technology as an example,from four aspects like the square location,rich and varied communication space,two-way relationship between people and land,create emotional space to analyze how to create high quality communication space in the university campus.


The coal deformation was induced by the gas adsorption of N2, CH4, and CO2. However, the differences between different gas adsorption performances and the deformation mechanism of coal need to be further studied. In this study, the experiments were conducted using self‐developed equipment to reveal the adsorption characteristics of different gases. The results showed that the gas adsorption capacity followed the sequence of CO2 > CH4 > N2. The gas adsorption capacity was negatively correlated with temperature. The maximum decrease in adsorption capacity (23.70%) was N2. The gas adsorption capacity was positively correlated with gas pressure. The maximum increase in gas adsorption capacity (232.79%) was N2. Correspondingly, the coal deformation of CO2 was the largest, and that of N2 was the smallest. The maximum decrease in deformation (31.09%) was CO2 during the temperature increase. The initial coal deformation rates of N2, CH4, and CO2 were 0.060, 0.091, and 0.042 mm·h−1, respectively. The maximum increase of deformation (234.65%) was CH4 with the gas pressure increase. The initial coal deformation rates of N2, CH4, and CO2 were 0.024, 0.045, and 0.016 mm·h−1, respectively. This work guided further clarifying the mechanism of different gases' adsorption capacity and coal deformation.


This article questions the conceptual basis for leisure counseling as a means to in terpret and facilitate leisure functioning. As an alternative to this practice, it offers a leisure facilitation approach based upon a systems orientation. Two case studies are presented which illustrate the application of this process.


This book contains the updated papers of an international symposium "The Qur'an as Text" which was held at the University of Bonn in November 1993. This collection intends to break away from the 19th-century paradigm of "influences", which seems largely exhausted but still dominates Qur'anic studies. Instead, this collection focuses on the literary, the intertextual and the receptional aspects of the Qur'anic text. A new approach to the holy book of Islam in the light of modern hermeneutics which is based on modern methods of literary history, text-linguistics, and aesthetics can open the door for a new and more adequate understanding of the Qur'an, its role for Islamic religion, and its unique place in the history of world religions today.


Cover crops are one of the most effective tools for organic farmers to improve the efficiency of their agro-ecosystems, while also reducing economic costs and environmental problems. The choice and usefulness of a cover crop species strictly depend on its adaptability to specific climate and soil conditions, but also on its relationships with other species (crops and weeds) and on the quality of farm management. Nine different pure species and three species mixtures were cultivated for two years as winter cover crops in a rainfed stockless arable organic cropping system as part of the MASCOT long-term experiment. Leguminous cover crops showed the highest level of biomass production in both years. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), either in pure stand or in mixture with grasses, was the most productive and stable species, and had the highest N uptake (ca. 200 kg ha-1). Besides, leguminous species significantly increased the content of N (up to 100%) and P (up to 50%) in weeds and associated grass crops, probably as a result of increased nutrient availability in soil through root exudates.


The magnetic susceptibility and the electrical resistivity of Ce2Ni(2x)Pd2(1-x)In are studied for x=0.0 to 1.0. The magnetic properties change continuously from the ferromagnetic Ce2Pd2In with a Tc near 4K to the temperature independent paramagnetic Ce2Ni2In. The electrical resistivity varies systematically from hysteretic in the brittle Ce2Pd2In to simple metal-like in Ce2Ni2In. The property changes are discussed in terms of lattice and concentration effects.


The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in interest in food materials and dietary-life satisfaction by age and region and the impact of consumers'' interest in food materials on dietary-life satisfaction. The study analyzed the 2018 household survey jointly conducted by the Korea Rural Economic Institute (KERI) and Micro Mill Embrain. Of 6,578 adult subjects, 3,606 female subjects were used for analysis. This study compared research topics such as interest in locally produced food materials, interest in near-distance produced food materials and interest in eco-friendly foods materials by age and region. In addition, the study analyzed the influential relationships of dietary-life satisfaction with interest in local food materials, near-distance food materials, and eco-friendly foods materials as well. Comparative results in terms of age and region included differences in interest in local food, near-distance food, and eco-friendly food materials. The influential relationship of interest in local food materials, near-distance materials, eco-friendly food materials on dietary-life satisfaction exhibited a significant difference at p<0.05 level. The result of this study indicates that the trusty of food materials could be used as useful marketing information through the effect of female consumer''s interest in food materials on dietary satisfaction.


The economic results of a company are an important tool for many entities, e.g., for internal entities as well as for external entities. As the economic results of a company are often the only source of information that informs the company's partners about the managerial activities of their company, it is necessary to present these economic results using real numbers. However, companies prefer to achieve better results by applying the principles of creative accounting, which leads to improved economic values being shown to be achieved during an accounting period. The purpose of this article is to apply models that have been developed to detect creative accounting, which occurs under conditions that help enterprises to adjust their financial statements and tax bases and involves using creative accounting techniques to become competitive or to be able to take advantage of deductions. These models were applied to the Slovak Republic's agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector (sector A), which is highly affected by earnings manipulation. This article provides a numerical expression of companies, which were previously, with some probability level, involved in conducting financial statement manipulation. Subsequently, the results that were obtained have been displayed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The outputs of the analysis show that a large proportion of the companies in this sector tend to use creative accounting, which is not only harmful for entrepreneurs and their business partners in sector A, but also for the Slovak Republic at large, as the Slovak government cannot determine whether the reported accounting results reflect a company's real financial situation.


In order to minimize the residual aluminum levels in the treatment of factory water with high alkalinity in summer,we chose four coagulants to investigate the coagulation effect and the situation of residual aluminum.Simultaneously,we also investigated the effect of the residual aluminum control by dosing some FeCl3 and KMnO4.The results showed that pH value and temperature were the important influence factors on the residual aluminum control.AlCl3 and Al2(SO4)3 were very effective on the turbidity and DOC removal,and they could control the residual aluminum at low levels.Fe and Mn brought about marked influence on residual aluminum control during coagulation process.By means of adding Fe and Mn,we could control the residual aluminum consistence under the level of 0.2 mg·L-1.


In the electricity market,all subjects are more concerned about the economic interests rather than the reliability,which result in some lines running on the limit state,or even leading to congestion.So in order to ensure the reliability of transmission,it is necessary for expansion to the line of important.It will lead to contradiction between economy and reliability.For the purpose of coordination between economy and reliability,it is need to measure the reliability benefits of the expansion.In this paper,depending on the composite system reliability assessment,we established evaluation model of reliability benefits to different subject by cost-benefit analysis.By 9-node system,this paper analyzed the reliability benefits to different subject.


Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching and Soil Properties to Applications of Biosolids During Turfgrass Establishment. (December 2004) James Patrick Kerns, B.S., North Carolina State University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Donald Vietor Dr. Richard White Regulations for total maximum daily loads require management of phosphorus loading from farms and municipalities. This study evaluated environmental impacts of a system for using and exporting the phosphorus in composted dairy manure (CDM) and composted municipal biosolids (CMB) through turfgrass sod. Responses of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties within and below the sod layer were monitored during turfgrass establishment in two experiments under greenhouse conditions. During turf establishment in column lysimeters, phosphorus and nitrogen leaching from an amended surface layer through soil were evaluated. In addition, growth of turf was related to the observed changes in soil nutrients and properties. In the first experiment, four replications of a factorial design comprised three soil types (USGA greens sand, Windthorst fine sandy loam [fine, mixed, thermic Udic Paleustalf], Houston black clay [fine, smectitic, thermic, Udic Hapustert]), two dairy manure rates ( 200 kg P ha, 400kg P ha), and two turf species (St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze var. Raleigh) and Tifway 419 Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. x C. transvaaleensis Burtt-Davy). Columns received three separate leaching events in which a 9-cm depth of distilled water was applied. A similar experimental design was


of immigrant families at work in their homes, Boris illuminates the gap between what working-class people see or want and what employers or reformers claim on their behalf. Hart ignores this important but publicly silent group and misses a critical dimension. But even if Hart's claim for the malleability of politics is too generous, Boris's paean to working-class cooperatives and unionism is undercut by her unflinching and highly critical view of union men before the 1930s. Such concerns, however, do not detract from the originality, power, and significance of these remarkable books.


Discourse analysis is the study of units larger than the sentence in a text, examining the text as a whole unit. Thus, discourse analysis seeks to study the parts of a text in order to find the patterns and cohesive devices which unite the text as one single unit. The discourse theories and methodologies applied and discussed in this thesis are: Barnwell's method of analyzing boundaries, Tuen van Dijk's theory of macrostructures, Robert Longacre's theory of notional and surface structure and salience, Robert Dooley and Stephen Levinsohn's theory of participant reference, and Givo@n's scale of reference and ranking of participants. The object of this thesis is to apply these discourse features to four Lahu Si texts. Each of these texts are animal folk narratives elicited from native Lahu Si speakers in the Chiang Rai province of Northern Thailand. Lahu Si is a Lolo-Burmese language of the Tibeto-Burman, Sino-Tibetan language family. It is spoken in Southwestern China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Very little discourse study has been done in the Tibeto-Burman languages of Southeast Asia. The goal of this thesis is to look broadly at several different aspects of discourse analysis of Lahu Si. This thesis opens by looking at the macrostructure of the four texts. By applying van Dijk's macrorules to the storyline band of the text the macrostructure is constructed. The analysis of surface and notional structure finds seven chunks in each of the Lahu Si texts. These correspond to the surface/notional level. The seven chunks are the stage, episode 1/inciting moment, episode 2/developing the conflict, episode 3/


This paper provides a first structured view of using the L1-norm minimization of error when computing the parameters corresponding to spectral estimation models, discussing its interest and advantage/disadvantage balance compared with the standard L2-norm minimization procedures. Some examples illustrate this comparison.


Distribution of the total viable heterotrophic bacteria and the luminous bacteria in the neretic and oceanic waters of the west coast of India was studied. Counts of viable heterotrophs fluctuated widely, generally with a decrease in their \ number with the depth. Luminous bacterial cells ranged from 0-36 ml-I and their percent fraction was sta\>le between depths of 60 and 200 m. Significant correlation between total viable count and luminous bacteria colonies in the upper 100 m suggests freeliving nature of luminous bacteria. Vibrio flScheri and V. harveyi dominated the species composition of luminous bacteria. Photobacterium leiognathiwas only a minor component. A few strains of P.phosphoreum were also recovered during the collections from deeper waters.


The London‐based Institute for the Study of Conflict (ISC) was the first body to research systematically into low‐intensity warfare. It has chronicled in its house journal, Conflict Studies, the rise of terrorism and political violence throughout the world and has contributed toward an understanding of its causes. New developments include the establishment of a U.S. Committee in North America, chaired by George Ball, and plans for 1978 to publish through branch offices in Germany, France and Latin America. The facilities of the ISC, which is industrially financed, are open to scholars on the acceptance of a formal application.


We present a method for automatic algorithm recognition, which consists of two phases. First, the target algorithms are converted into characteristic vectors, which are computed based on static analysis of program code including various statistics of language constructs and analysis of Roles of Variables. In the second phase, the algorithms are classified based on these vectors using the C4.5 decision tree classifier. We have developed a prototype and successfully applied the method to sorting algorithms. Evaluated with leave-one-out technique, the accuracy of the constructed decision tree classifier is 97.1%.


The function of proangiogenic monocytes in blood vessel assembly is currently unclear. We characterized myeloid progenitors among bone marrow‐derived cells (BMDCs) from 3 mouse strains by flow cytometry, and established their function in tumors by intravital and confocal microscopy. These cells expanded ex vivo, expressed PDGFRβ, c‐Kit and Sca1, and were distinct from mesenchymal and endothelial BMDCs. Implanted with tumor cells, they persisted and integrated into stroma but not tumor vessel walls, although they significantly promoted tumor growth and metastasis. We also studied myeloid progenitors in a model of capillary repair after hyperoxic acute lung injury. By immunogold labeling and flow cytometry, we detected a population of CD11b+CD45+ cells positive for VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ. We used high‐resolution imaging to capture sequential changes in these cells as they formed capillary walls. By transition to an endothelial or pericytic phenotype, these myeloid progenitor cells contributed to capillary repair, engrafting into the endothelial surface and aligning as perivascular cells. In summary, we show that a previously unrecognized population of myeloid cells can both promote tumor growth and function as common endothelial and perivascular cell precursors.


Maximum temperatures on very hot days in hot-desert areas are similar in duration and time of occurrence to maximums on cooler days: they occur around three hours after noon, and the temperature (a...


-This study seeks to identify human emotions using artificial neural networks. Emotions are difficult to understand and hard to measure quantitatively. Emotions may be reflected in facial expressions and voice tone. Voice contains unique physical properties for every speaker. Everyone has different timbres, pitch, tempo, and rhythm. The geographical living area may affect how someone pronounces words and reveals certain emotions. The identification of human emotions is useful in the field of human-computer interaction. It helps develop the interface of software that is applicable in community service centers, banks, education, and others. This research proceeds in three stages, namely data collection, feature extraction, and classification. We obtain data in the form of audio files from the Berlin Emo-DB database. The files contain human voices that express five sets of emotions: angry, bored, happy, neutral, and sad. Feature extraction applies to all audio files using the method of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC). The classification uses Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which is one of the artificial neural network methods. The MLP classification proceeds in two stages, namely the training and the testing phase. MLP classification results in good emotion recognition. Classification using 100 hidden layer nodes gives an average accuracy of 72.80%, an average precision of 68.64%, an average recall of 69.40%, and an average F1-score of 67.44%.


Convention status accords refugees social and economic rights and security of residence in European countries of asylum. However, the trend in Europe has been to prevent asylum seekers reaching its borders, to reduce the rights of asylum seekers in countries of asylum and to use temporary protection as a means of circumventing the responsibility of long-term resettlement. This paper will provide a case study of the United Kingdom. It will examine the social and economic rights afforded to different statuses in the areas of social security, housing, employment and family reunion. It will explore the interaction of social and economic rights and security of residence on the experiences of those seeking protection. Drawing on responses to the crisis in Kosovo and on data from a survey of 180 refugees and asylum seekers in London it will show the importance of Convention status and the rights and security the status brings.


Do you want to know what strategies to apply in your neighborhood to reduce drug-related crime? If you do, Fighting Back: Neighborhood Antidrug Strategies by Robert C. Davis and Arthur J. Lurigio is likely to prove useful to you from its very beginning. If, however, you are uncertain whether neighborhood strategies are a good way to reduce drugrelated crime, you may want to skip ahead in the book. First, try reading "Pitfalls of Neighborhood Antidrug Strategies" and "Addressing the Roots of the Drug Problem," the only chapters that begin to place neighborhood strategies in perspective vis-a-vis other approaches to drug-related problems. In general, the authors believe that a properly designed neighborhood anti-drug strategy, selected to counter specific customer location strategies being employed by local drug dealers, can reduce drug dealing and related crime. They particularly recommend employing these methods in lowincome, high-crime areas.


Gold and silver show strong evidence of ability to hedge stock portfolios and inflation during the period from 1970 to 2006. However, negative betas are only observed for the 1970s, suggesting that it is the inflation-hedging ability that is the cause of the stock-hedging ability. Both metals show high correlation with expected future inflation as measured by the TIPS spreads, confirming Greenspan's (1993) conjecture that gold prices are an indicator of expected inflation.


Objective To analyse and evaluate the nutritional composition of transgenic soybeans and soybean meal. Method Soybean was processed into soybean meal with extraction. The composition of nutrients and anti-nutrition factors in RR (Roundup Ready) transgenic glyphosate-tolerant and conventional soybeans and soybean meal were determined by AOAC methods. Results The component of 8 kinds of macronutriment,17 kinds of amino acid,14 kinds of fatty acid and 4 kinds of tracet lement were found in transgenic glyphosate-tolerant and un-genetically modified conventional soybeans and soybean meal,and they were substantially equivalent in nutrition. Also no data of such 4 kinds of anti-nutrition factor as phytate phosphrous,trypsin inhibitor factor,urease activity and protein solubility were obviously different. Conclusion When glyphosate-tolerant soybeans was processed into soybean meal,the changes in all kinds of nutrition and anti-nutrition factor were similar with its conventional breed. The implantation of glyphosate-tolerant gene did not change the nutritional characteristics of soybean during processing.


This essay analyzes the way in which traditional notions of sex, gender and sexuality are called into question in feminist bestsellers like "Rubyfruit Jungle" by Rita Mae Brown and Jeanette Winterson's "Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit". These novels revolve around strong, independent female characters that offer new insights into what it means to be a woman. I argue that the fictional protagonist of "Rubyfruit Jungle", Molly Bolt, is both "a queer" (noun) and "queer" (adjective) as her subjectivity bridges two contradictory meanings associated with queer theory after 1990.


A review of some appropriate and hybrid technology wind pumps is presented. A case is made in favour of sizable low cost, low weight rotor coupled with rotary pumps. Influence of month wise distribution of wind speed in three regions in providing water for irrigation using windpumps is briefly discussed. comparative cost estimates for wind pumps are provided along with a few other water pumping devices based on renewable and non-renewable alternatives


According to the limitations of conventional PID control in air conditioning system,this paper mainly analyzed the application of intelligent control methods in air conditioning,introduced its advantages and disadvantages,and summarized the control strategy of air conditioning system,in order to create a comfortable air conditioning environment.


Genres are often regarded as "tools for predicting and regulating the reception of text."' Genres help audiences to become orientated, to navigate their way via the world of the film by reference to familiar features. The resurgence of romantic comedy in contemporary Malaysian cinema can be seen in the context of the pleasure that a genre film offers. By focusing upon the formal, structural
and ideological characteristics of Malay(sian) romantic comedy, this essay attempts to explore what is at stake in the relations between genre and spectator pleasures


Matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) are a zinc-dependent endopeptidases expressed in a variety of cancer. Most of the MMPs from this family are reported to play a vital role in cancer progression and metastasis. The MMP inhibitors discovered till date either failed in clinical trials or was not much effective leading to use of nonspecific drugs for treating cancer which either worsen the condition or exhibit severe side effects. We identified the common domain of the MMP by sequence analysis and domain prediction followed with identification of potential phytochemicals from plant Cyanthilliumcinereum capable of inhibiting hemopexin domain of matrix metallopeptidase. Intermolecular interaction analysis of the target and the lead molecules were determined and comparison of the binding affinity scores was done using LigandFit docking protocol to find the highest scoring ligands. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation was also carried out to elucidate the physical association of the ligand in the target. Apigenin, piperine and acetyl eugenol were identified as potential inhibitors of MMPs. These drugs were capable of outperforming the scores of batimastat and metastat which were reported as MMP inhibitors.


based on the principle of mechanical and electrical design of multifunctional love gyro can be made by a support bar connection, have the function of barbell, two combined weight is moderate, can exercise and arm strength. Cixin gyro high-grade, durable, suitable weight, to a certain speed issued a similar to the sound of diabolo, due to the tuyere is stainless steel material, can the thrum gyro is more pleasant than other materials, suitable for adults whipped (especially middle-aged and old friends) can strengthen physical health treatment of periarthritis of shoulder, can lose weight again.


Abstract Background Highly multiplexed molecular assays are popular in clinical laboratories due their high sensitivity, specificity and relatively rapid turn-around time (TAT) for results. Luminex™ respiratory viral panel (RVP) detects 12 respiratory viruses, while BioFire™ respiratory panel (RP) detects 20 respiratory pathogens (17 viruses, 3 bacteria). The aim of the current study was to compare the impact of RVP and RP assay on management of hospitalized children aged ≤24 months. Methods Retrospective data were collected to compare the clinical impact from two multiplex molecular assays (RVP, December 2008–May 2012; RP August 2012–June 2015) on management and outcomes of hospitalized patients. Patients aged ≤24 months and positive for at least one respiratory virus were included. Patients who were (1) receiving immune suppressive therapy, (2) neonates requiring intensive care, or (3) hospitalized for >7 days were excluded. Results A total of 810 patients in RVP and 2,095 patients in RP group were included. The median TAT for RVP and RP assay were 29 hours (IQR 26–58 hours) and 4 hours (IQR 2–8 hours), respectively (P < 0.001). Significantly higher number of children in RVP group (44%, 357/810) received empiric antibiotic therapy compared with RP group (28%, 595/2095) (P < 0.001). Following PCR test reporting, the rate of antibiotic discontinuation was higher in the RP group (23%, 135/595) vs. RVP group (16%, 56/357) (P < 0.001). Antibiotics were discontinued more often in older children aged 6–24 months (23%, 113/492) compared with children aged < 60 days (11%, 34/297) (P < 0.001). Following positive influenza test results, more children received timely oseltamivir in the RP group (85%, 48/56) compared with the RVP group (17%, 7/41) (P < 0.001). The median length of hospitalization (LOH) was shorter in the RP group (48 hours, IQR 32–76 hours) than in the RVP group (54 hours, IQR 39–89 hours) (P < 0.001). Conclusion Rapid availability of test results from RP assay was associated with reduced antibiotic use, timely antiviral therapy and decreased LOH. The implementation of a more comprehensive respiratory multiplex molecular assay with rapid reporting of test results has the potential to improve management of hospitalized children, decrease unnecessary antibiotic therapy and reduce overall costs. Disclosures R. Selvarangan, BioFire Diagnostics: Board Member and Investigator, Consulting fee and Research grant; Luminex Diagnostics: Investigator, Research grant


This paper presents a novel stereo algorithm for obtaining disparity vectors with simply detected occluded points, which is adaptive to a stereo coding scheme. In this algorithm, we first propose a novel scheme based on an adaptive DT mesh model and an epipolar line constraint principle for stereo matching. Furthermore, a simple occlusion detection algorithm is introduced, which uses two fundamental concepts: the uniqueness assumption and the disparity gradient limit principle. Our technique first extracts some triangular vertices from a reference image using an improved adaptive Delaunay triangulation representation algorithm. As feature points, these vertices are matched in the target image with some correlation measurement. After obtaining the disparity vector of each vertex, the uniqueness assumption and the disparity gradient limit are used to select occluded points and label occluded regions. The disparity vectors of the points among the triangular vertices can be calculated by a six-parameter affine transformation. In terms of advantages for image coding of a DT mesh model, this algorithm is definitely appropriate for stereo coding, which has been proven by experimental results. We have applied this algorithm to some stereo images, and the experimental results show that the veracity of the disparity estimation given in this paper is higher than that of the conventional algorithms. What is more, some occluded points and occlusion regions can be easily detected with this algorithm. In addition, the algorithm can achieve higher coding efficiency as compared to conventional stereo coding algorithms.


Is it more sustainable to retrofit existing buildings or to demolish them and build new energy- efficient buildings? In this paper, life-cycle energy performance is used to evaluate construction options for single detached houses in Toronto. These options include: retrofitting existing buildings, demolishing existing buildings and subsequently rebuilding to standard energy performance levels, and demolishing existing buildings and subsequently rebuilding to higher levels of energy-efficiency. The reality that new residential buildings are using energy more efficiently than before and that the embodied energy component of new construction is relatively small makes the option of tearing down an old house and building a new one comparable to upgrading an old house on the basis of minimizing life-cycle energy consumption.


In the present information era, due to the immense success of web 2.0 several online services are available. This has led to growth of both web users and varieties of online objects. In this paper, we propose a growth model for user-object bipartite network that investigate the selection behaviors of web users. In this model, both web user and object sets grow continuously but edges arise only from the user set. These edges are attached with a combination of preferential and random attachment mechanism. To validate our model, we consider eight distinct real-world user-object networks. Our results show good agreements between real data, model and simulation. We observe that selection behaviors of new and old users are different towards objects in different networks. Conversely, popular and unpopular objects are selected differently by these web users. We notice interesting temporal patterns in randomness of selection behaviors of new and old users in different networks.


This paper presents a mesh-free methodology based in the shallow waters equations for the simulation of geophysical flows. The resulting equations treat the continuum as a Hamiltonian system of particles where the constitutive equation of the continuum is represented via an internal energy term. In the case of fluids, the internal energy term is a function of the density, which for shallow waters becomes a function of the depth of the fluid layer. Once the internal energy terms are established the equations of motion are developed as equations of Lagrange, where the Lagrangian coordinates are the current position of the particles. Since the energy terms are independent of rigid body rotations and translations, this formulation ensures the preservation of physical constants of the motion such as linear and angular momentum. Using the variational formulation of SPH equations, a novel formulation of the Shallow Water Equations is introduced (SW-SPH). The resulting methodology allows for the simulation of flows over a general topography. Some examples are presented showing the capabilities of the new methodology, including flows on regular geometries and flows on general terrains. Some computational aspects on the implementation of the SW-SPH method are also addressed.


The three-dimensional exact solution of heat conduction in a two-layer composite is found applying the method of separation of variables. One layer is orthotropic and the other layer is isotropic. This solution is used to calculate sensitivity coefficients with respect to the thermophysical properties of the orthotropic layer at fourteen thermocouple locations. Numerical experiments are carried out to solve a parameter estimation problem that involves the estimation of the thermal conductivities in the x-, y-, and z-directions, the volumetric heat capacity of the orthotropic layer, the effective thermal conductivity of the isotropic layer, and the heat flux input. The exact solution is used to generate temperature readings at fourteen thermocouple locations. First, the parameter estimation problem is solved using the exact temperatures and a hybrid algorithm to estimate the thermal properties and the heat flux. Second, random noise is added to the exact temperatures and the thermal properties and heat flux are estimated using the same hybrid algorithm. It is found that when using the exact temperatures, the minimized quadratic functional has a value of 2.4×10−16 (°C)2 and the estimated properties agree to the ninth decimal place with the "exact" properties.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Biogeosciences (BG). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in BG if available. Abstract The ocean is a substantial source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to the atmosphere, but little is known on how this flux might change in the future. Here, we investigate the potential evolution of marine N 2 O emissions in the 21st century in response to anthropogenic climate change using the global ocean biogeochemical model NEMO-PISCES. We im-5 plemented two different parameterizations of N 2 O production, which differ primarily at low oxygen (O 2) conditions. When forced with output from a climate model simulation run under the business-as-usual high CO 2 concentration scenario (RCP8.5), our simulations suggest a decrease of 4 to 12 % in N 2 O emissions from 2005 to 2100, i.e., a reduction from 4.03/3.71 to 3.54/3.56 Tg N yr −1 depending on the parameteriza-10 tion. The emissions decrease strongly in the western basins of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, while they tend to increase above the Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs), i.e., in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and in the northern Indian Ocean. The reduction in N 2 O emissions is caused on the one hand by weakened nitrification as a consequence of reduced primary and export production, and on the other hand by stronger vertical 15 stratification, which reduces the transport of N 2 O from the ocean interior to the ocean surface. The higher emissions over the OMZ are linked to an expansion of these zones under global warming, which leads to increased N 2 O production associated primarily with denitrification. From the perspective of a global climate system, the averaged feedback strength associated with the projected decrease in oceanic N 2 O emissions 20 amounts to around −0.009 W m −2 K −1 , which is comparable to the potential increase from terrestrial N 2 O sources. However, the assesment for a compensation between the terrestrial and marine feedbacks calls for an improved representation of N 2 O production terms in fully coupled next generation of Earth System Models.


A new facile method of preparing porous spherical silica particles as stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations was developed. In this method, monolithic silica columns whose skeletons contained weakly connected porous silica microspheres were prepared first using the aging temperature and mass ratio of PEG to TMOS in the range of 25–30 °C and 0.10–0.20, respectively, and mass ratio of TMOS to H2O less than 0.5. Then, dispersed porous silica spheres were obtained by gentle grinding of the monolithic column. After surface modification with C18, silica microspheres with an average diameter of 5.4 μm were packed and used in HPLC for separation of neutral, acidic, and basic compounds. The retention behavior is similar to the column packed with commercially available 5 μm C18 silica particles while column efficiency is only about a half of the latter. The results demonstrate that the microspheres are a promising alternative packing material for HPLC.


The present invention relates to a color variable light-emitting device comprising an array of a plurality of LEDs formed on one highly resistive substrate, which array comprises a first, a second and a third set of at least one LED arranged to provide light of a first, a second and a third color, respectively. At least one of the sets is independently addressable. Further, each light-emitting diode in the array has a separate connection to a circuitry, and at least one of the sets comprises at least two LEDs, interconnected in series via the circuitry. Thus, all connections between separate LEDs, for example in the same set, can be done via the circuitry. This also allows for a very dense packing of the LEDs in the array, as no interconnects between different LEDs of the array need to be arranged in the array.


Sentiment analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the sentiment expressed in text data. While sentiment analysis research has been extensively conducted in English and other Western languages, there exists a significant gap in research efforts for sentiment analysis in low-resource languages. Limited resources, including datasets and NLP research, hinder the progress in this area. In this work, we present an exhaustive study of data augmentation approaches for the low-resource Indic language Marathi. Although domain-specific datasets for sentiment analysis in Marathi exist, they often fall short when applied to generalized and variable-length inputs. To address this challenge, this research paper proposes four data augmentation techniques for sentiment analysis in Marathi. The paper focuses on augmenting existing datasets to compensate for the lack of sufficient resources. The primary objective is to enhance sentiment analysis model performance in both in-domain and cross-domain scenarios by leveraging data augmentation strategies. The data augmentation approaches proposed showed a significant performance improvement for cross-domain accuracies. The augmentation methods include paraphrasing, back-translation; BERT-based random token replacement, named entity replacement, and pseudo-label generation; GPT-based text and label generation. Furthermore, these techniques can be extended to other low-resource languages and for general text classification tasks.


Bolometric tomography is a widely applied technique to infer important indirect quantities in magnetically confined plasmas, such as the total radiated power. However, being an inverse and ill-posed problem, the tomographic algorithms have to be carefully steered to converge on the most appropriate solutions, and often specialists have to balance the quality of the obtained reconstructions between the core and the edge of the plasma. Given the topology of the emission and the layout of the diagnostics in practically all devices, the tomographic inversions of bolometry are often affected by artefacts, which can influence derived quantities and specific studies based on the reproduced tomograms, such as power balance studies and the benchmarking of gyrokinetic simulations. This article deals with the introduction of a simple, but very efficient methodology. It is based on constraining the solution of the tomographic inversions by using a specific estimate of the initial solution, built with the data from specific combinations of detectors (called 'masks'). It has been tested with phantom and with real data, using the Maximum Likelihood approach at JET. Results show how the obtained tomograms improve sensibly both in the core and at the edge of the device, when compared with those obtained without the use of masks as the initial guess. The correction for the main artefacts can have a significant impact on the interpretation of both the core (electron transport, alpha heating) and the edge physics (detachment, SOL). The method is completely general and can be applied by any iterative algorithm starting from an initial guess for the emission profile to be reconstructed.


The local linear smoother usually gives better performance than the Nadaraya-Watson smoother. An exception is the case of data sparsity. Here we discuss a modification of the Nadaraya-Watson smoother by Muller & Song (1993), based on a horizontal shift of the kernel weights towards the local centre of mass of the design points. This gives performance similar to the local linear when that works well and better performance when it does not. The new smoother also preserves monotonicity. Shifting towards the centre of mass is also used to develop a modified kernel density estimate which cancels the well-known peak spreading effect.


The invention discloses an intelligent transportation robot of an electric power storehouse, comprising a chassis and a car body, wherein the chassis is provided with two driving wheels and at least one guide wheel; a retracting mechanism is arranged at the front part of the car body; the retracting mechanism is provided with a hoisting mechanism; the hoisting mechanism is provided with a three-degree-of-freedom paw; the car body is further provided with a robot control platform; and the robot control platform is wirelessly connected with a remote computer wireless control platform. The intelligent transportation robot of the electric power storehouse is simple in structure and flexible to move, and is applicable to cargo transportation work of the electric power storehouse with an intelligent power grid.


A one-dimensional (1D) core–shell architecture composed of silver nanowire@hierarchical nickel–aluminum layered double hydroxide nanosheet (Ag NW@NiAl LDH), where hierarchical NiAl LDH nanosheets grafted vertically along the 1D silver nanowire backbone, is synthesized as the electrode material for supercapacitors. This well-designed 1D core–shell architecture not only provides efficient contacts between electrolyte and active materials but also facilitates the transport of electrons and ions and buffers the volume change, leading to high specific capacitance, fast redox reaction kinetics, and excellent cycling stability. As a pseudocapacitor electrode, the architecture exhibits a specific capacitance as high as 1246.8 F g–1 at 1 A g–1 and 80.3% of the capacitance can be retained after 5000 cycles at 10 A g–1 in 6 M KOH aqueous solution. Remarkably, Ag NW@NiAl LDH electrode demonstrates 3.3 times higher specific capacitance than that of pure NiAl LDH electrode at a current density of 1 A g–1. The rational ...


The Royal Netherlands Military Academy began its life as an institution of secondary education. In the course of its 175-year history two clear landmarks stand out: in 1890 the Academy became a military vocational school for pupils with a h.b.s.-education and in 1960 the choice for an academic education was made. The year 2003 may prove to be yet another landmark with the introduction of the Bachelor education. Should officers be educated to be generalists or specialists; how should the academic education relate to a practical military training; how should the values and norms of the officer profession be inculcated in the cadets? These are questions which formed a constant throughout the Academys entire history. There have been marked changes in recruitment as a result of a democratization and an almost exclusive origin from protestant civil servant/military families has shifted to a much more diverse back-ground of aspirant officers.


Judaisme as religion and Weltanschauung in North
Africa can be traced back 2300 years. The areas along the
Mediterranean shore to the Mediterranean Crescent, through
the Maghreb al-Aqsa - the land of the farthest west ? dotun
to the Sahara desert and beyond to the Guinea Goast represented
a strategic epicentre oftrade, people, news and knowledge.
Jews were an essential link in this pre-modem "internet",
from ancient times up to the foundation ofthe State of
Israel 1948. They could be found in rural environment as
wellas in the imperial cities, henee often combining rural and
urban traditions. This anide means to identify and illustrate
the lifestyles and influences of North and West African
Jews, as well as point out their contributions to the artistic
and social traditions and various local identities of these
regions.


The effects of ZnS/Metal/ZnS multilayer anodes, including ZnS/Au/ZnS (ZAuZ), ZnS/Ag/ZnS (ZAgZ) and ZnS/Cu/ZnS (ZCuZ) on device performance in organic light emitting diodes based on rubrene were investigated systematically. The device with ZAuZ as anode gave an improved performance comparable with ITO based devices. A low driving voltage of 5.61 V and a high luminance of 1836 cd/m were obtained in the ZAuZ based device. Then the effect of BCP as hole blacking layer on emissive spectra of ZAuZ based OLEDs was investigated and white spectra with (0.32,0.31) colour coordinates was obtained for ZAuZ/PEDOT:PSS/TPD/BCP/Rubrene/BCP/BPhen/LiF/Al multilayer structure.


Methyl β-D-galactopyranoside was converted into methyl 4-azido-3-O-benzyl-6-O-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-2,4-dideoxy-β-D-arabino-hexoside, but subsequent transformation of the anomeric centre into a dithioacetal was unsatisfactory. Alternatively, methyl β-D- galactopyranoside easily gave methyl 4-azido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2,4-dideoxy-β-D-arabino-hexoside, and this could be transformed by a reductive amination into two pyrrolidines as potential precursors to retronecine. Related chemistry gave (4S,5S,6R)-6-benzyloxy-4-benzyloxymethyl-3-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one, the structure of which was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray structure determination. Finally, the synthesis of a potential precursor to heliotridine (an epimer of retronecine ), namely methyl 4-azido-3-O-benzyl-6-O-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-2,4-dideoxy-α-D-ribo-hexoside, from methyl α-D- mannopyranoside is reported.


The aims of this research was to improve student learning interest in chemistry by use flipbook maker. Flipbook maker is one of the simple platform that can help us to make electronic chemistry books with an attractive appearance that the final product can be stored in video form. An attractive appearance and can be adjusted to the desires of teenage students is expected to increase student interest in chemistry. The population in this research were all students of class XI Senior High School (SHS) Darussalam Tangerang. The sample was selected by purposive sampling technique, the entire class XI MIA 1 with the number of 32 students. Based on data processing, it is known that the percentage of students' learning interest is 73.02% which can be categorized as high interest. As for the four indicators of learning interest the highest increase was in the indicators of student involvement in learning then followed by student interest. It can be concluded that the use of flipbooks in effective learning to increase student interest in chemistry.


BACKGROUND: Despite relatively rare occurrence in trauma victims, pelvic fractures have a high risk of mortality and morbidity.

AIM: This study was conducted to study epidemiology of patients with pelvic ring injuries in a level 1 trauma center in Kazakhstan.

METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study within a single institution. In the period of 2014–2017, we encountered 212 patients with pelvic fractures. About 92% of them had concomitant injures due to a high-energy trauma. Measures were compared using the SPSS 20.0 program.

RESULTS: The mean age was 34.5. Pelvic fractures are more often verified in males. The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic injuries and falls from heights. The highest recovery rates were observed for type B fractures, but mortality was highest for type C fractures. The average length of hospital stay was 18.71 days. Non-surgical treatment was used in 62.3% of patients, external fixation device was imposed as an emergency intervention in 64.2% (n = 136) of patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall most patients with pelvic fractures had multiple injuries and the mortality rate was 7.1%. Non-surgical treatment was most commonly used. Type C fractures had significantly fatal outcome.


Students analyze an employer and an employee's preferences for nonqualified stock options versus incentive stock options. The employer is Microsoft because it issued large amounts of incentive stock options prior to its initial public offering (IPO), which occurred shortly before the Tax Reform Act of 1986 dramatically changed tax rates.


Shrinkage is an obvious phenomenon that occurs when drying plant-based food materials, and it has a crucial influence on heat–mass transfer mechanisms, energy consumption in drying, and dried product quality. The present study aims to develop a theoretical shrinkage model considering the drying kinetics and shrinkage velocity approach during the convective drying of jackfruit. Since there is no theoretical model in the literature that considers the transfer process along with shrinkage phenomena for jackfruit drying, this work focuses on presenting the drying and shrinkage kinetics behaviour through the development of a mathematical model. Two distinct models were developed, each considering the presence or absence of shrinkage phenomena. Model validation was carried out by comparing the predicted results with experimental data from drying tests conducted at 60 °C, and model accuracy was evaluated through statistical error analysis. In the shrinkage-induced model, the shrinkage exhibited a linear relationship with drying time, as the moisture content decreased from 5.25 to 0.47 kg/kg on a dry basis when the temperature increased to 54 °C. Notably, the shrinkage-induced model demonstrated superior performance, displaying low mean absolute error (MAE) values—0.27 kg/kg on a dry basis for moisture content, 2.07 °C for temperature variation, and 0.04 for shrinkage, when compared to the model without shrinkage. Furthermore, the mean relative error (MRE) values for the shrinkage-induced model were 45.71% and 33.33% lower than those of the model without shrinkage for average moisture content and temperature, respectively. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the food drying industry, offering new knowledge about drying kinetics and shrinkage characteristics that can contribute to the development of energy-efficient drying systems.