The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairman of Enron, Kenneth Lay, was recently convicted of il1egal actions that cost many Enron Employees substantial amounts of money through the loss of jobs, pensions, and other benefits. As Mr. Lay rose to the level of CEO of a major corporation (Enron), with corresponding growing earnings; he may have begun to sacrifice ethics for the increased earnings (and corresponding power). One hypothesis for Lay's behavior might be that he has a personality, which is prone towards valuing earnings (and power) more than ethical treatment of people. This may be generalizable to other people, besides Kenneth Lay, to more general1y explain the social psychological factors that contribute to unethical behavior. For this research, Cheryl Lozano-Whitten used content analysis of media print to examine the Kenneth Lay-Enron incident by exploring how the media depicted Mr. Lay. Cheryl Lozano-Whitten searched newspaper and magazines for descriptions of Mr. Lay at various career (and earnings) stages to determine whether he was depicted as increasingly unethical over time, as his power and earnings increased.


During August 1, 2014–July 31, 2015, in 2 counties in Minnesota, USA, incidence of invasive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (27.1 cases/100,000 persons) was twice that of invasive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (13.1 cases/100,000 persons). MSSA isolates were more genetically diverse and susceptible to more antimicrobial drugs than methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates.


This paper focus on radio spectrum utilization evaluation data analysis and processing work, firstly gives the evaluation object and content description, and then for variety architecture features' mass storage, real-time streaming and high-speed operation, designs a big data processing analysis framework, finally provides main link and details ideas of cleaning, conversion and storage, analysis, calculation and implementation of the collected massive data for technical personnel reference.


Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DRNA) through the NOAA Coral Reef Initiative grant (NA03NOS4260023) to the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus


The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of project resources on project development in the construction projects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study is using the quantitative approach. The main test used are the correlation test to find out the direct effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The data are collected using a survey questionnaire instrumentation. The total sample number were 300 participants from the construction industry in UAE. The finding confirmed that project resources influence the construction project development positively and significantly.


Background: Suicide has become a major public health issue in low income underdeveloped countries like Nepal. In Nepal, suicide research based on General Hospital Psychiatry Unit (GHPU) settings can be informative to explore the trend in suicidal behaviors. In this study, we aimed to study the pattern of suicide attempts in Southern Nepal by including retrospective suicide attempt cases registered in the three GHPU centers.Methods: The study included 116 survivors of suicide attempts registered over a period of six months (Jan, 2017 to July, 2017) at three centers in Southern region of Nepal. The cases were referred from medical emergency or other medical departments for psychiatric evaluation. They underwent evaluation by at least one consultant psychiatrist and received appropriate interventions.Results: Majority of the victims were female (68%), belonging to younger age group (90%) with one third in adolescent age group and homemakers (32%) or students (31%) by occupation. The most common method of attempt was self poisoning with pesticides (78.4%) followed by medication overdose (8.6%) and hanging (7.8%). Most of the attempts (82.7%) were impulsive in nature. Mental illness was diagnosed in 60 % of the cases, mainly depressive disorder, and adjustment disorder. Most of the attempts (87%) were triggered by psycho-social factors before the attempt, mainly interpersonal conflicts. Conclusions: The pattern shows predominance of female gender, younger age group, a role of mental illness, impulsivity and psychosocial factors in suicide attempts. Future research should focus on these aspects to develop effective prevention strategies. Med Phoenix. Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2018, Page: 41-47


An innovative packaging solution, Flip Chip with Copper (Cu) Column bond on lead (BOL) Enhanced Process (fcCuBE) delivers a cost effective, high performance packaging solution over typical bond on capture pad (BOC) technology. These advantages include improved routing efficiency on the substrate top layer thus allowing conversion functionality; furthermore, package cost is lowered by means of reduced substrate layer count and removal of solder on pad (SOP). On the other hand, as electronic packaging technology develops to meet the miniaturization trend from consumer demand, reliability testing will become an important issue in advanced technology area. In particular, electromigration (EM) of flip chip bumps is an increasing reliability concern in the manufacturing of integrated circuit (IC) components and electronic systems. This paper presents the results on EM characteristics on BOL and BOC structures under electrical current stressing in order to investigate the comparison between two different typed structures. EM data was collected for over 7000 hours under accelerated conditions (temperatures: , , and and stress current: 300 mA, 400 mA, and 500 mA). All samples have been tested without any failures, however, we attempted to find morphologies induced by EM effects through cross-sectional analysis and investigated the interfacial reaction characteristics between BOL and BOC structures under current stressing. EM damage was observed at the solder joint of BOC structure but the BOL structure did not show any damage from the effects of EM. The EM data indicates that the fcCuBE BOL Cu column bump provides a significantly better EM reliability.


Oil field research in regional Banyuasin "HUF" , South Sumatra have been done by the gravity data with objective of knowing fault structure based on analysis of hydrocarbon SVD and knows hollow structure  based on the 3D model of the Bouguer Anomaly and Residual Anomaly. Study areas had Bouguer Anomaly between 13 mgal up to 33 mgal to the interval 1 mgal, where the value of Bouguer Anomaly high have a range value 26 mgal up to 33 mgal which is in the direction of west. While the low value of Bouguer Anomaly have a range value 13 mgal to 20 mgal that is in the east. To knew the existence of structure fault, filtering Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) on a Bouguer Anomaly, Regional and Residua mapl.Pattern of structure fault indicated the contours of a zero value and between the high and low contours. From the results of the analysis SVD Complete Bouguer Anomaly and SVD Residual Anomaly there were 4 (four) fault, while from SVD Regional Anomaly there are 3 (three) fault. 3D modeling the Residual Anomaly were conducted to prove the existence of the fault SVD analyzed based on the results of the analysis and to know the hydrocarbon basin. Based on the results of the inversion of 3D the Residual Anomaly, basin was found in the depth of 1500 m – 3000 m with a value of the density ranges from 2.24 gram/cc until 2.32 gram/cc which identified as sandstone basin.


There are over 200 definitions of 'sustainable development'. But if defining it is difficult, putting it into practice is even harder. This paper reviews what 'sustainability' and 'sustainable development' actually means in real-world terms and discusses the practical challenge it represents. In particular, the paper identifies the interdependencies of environmental, social and economic sustainability. The five available 'capitals' for human progress—natural, human, social, manufactured and financial—are also discussed, the conclusion being that our natural capital (the Earth) is the principal source of wealth from which all others flow.


Abstract A water-insoluble polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) was formed by mixing bovine serum albumin (BSA) with sodium chondroitin-6-sulfate (Na2Chs) at a pH lower than an isoelectric point (iep) of BSA. A PEC was also formed on the surface of kaolin via concurrent and/or cooperative adsorption of these two polymers on it. As a result, the aggregation of kaolin particles was induced and accelerated by virtue of an interparticle bridging effect of the PEC formed on the surface. On the other hand, water-soluble PEC was formed in an aqueous phase at a pH higher than the iep of BSA through an electrostatic attractive force between the negative charge of Na2Chs and the positive charge of patches on BSA. However, a strong effect on the aggregation of kaolin particles was not observed. The binding ratio of BSA to Na2Chs, R, in an aqueous phase and on the surface of kaolin was obtained by chemical analysis as a function of the pH of its mother solution. The R-value was affected not only by the pH but also by the in...


Four industrial orebodies have been outlined in Dongmaohudong,Inner Mongolia.The ore bodies occur in the Late Yanshanian rhyolite porphyry and granite porphyry and controlled by EW direction Dongmaohudong fault structures.Wall rock alteration includes silicification,sericitization,kaolintization,epidotization and carbonatization;metal mineralization includes pyritization,chalcopyritization,limonitization,malachitization and hematitization.The alteratiomal ore bodies gold mineralization is obviously strengthened and enriched at the composite superimposed position of Dongmaohudong fault and secondary SN direction fault.The gold-hunting in the region is discussed on the base of mineralization characteristics in Dongmaohudong gold deposit.


A federal judge recently denied Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd's attempt to be the first drugmaker to launch generic versions of Nexium and Valcyte.


We consider the Diophantine equation of the title which was recently solved, in terms of the number of solutions to it for a ∈ {1, 2, 4}, in [1]. However, a counterexample was provided in [6]. We provide another counterexample and show that both the example herein and the one in [6] are results of Ljunggren [7] from the early 1940s. Given that these are all the omissions from [1], this secures the study of the equation in the title. (1) D 1 x 2 + D 2 = λ 2 k n ; x, n ∈ N has a long and distinguished history as outlined in [1], for instance. Therein, the authors present results on the number of solutions (x, n) ∈ N 2 of (1), which is denoted by N (λ, D 1 , D 2 , k). A counterexample to one case was presented in [6]. In this note, we provide another counterexample to a different case, but show that both of these examples are consequences of work of Ljunggren, who completely solved the Diophantine equation (2) x 2 = y n − 1 y − 1 for x, y > 1, and n ≥ 3. We begin by observing that for (3) D = k n (k − 1) = ((k − 1)x) 2 + k − 1 where k, x, n ∈ N with k > 2, the period length of the simple continued fraction expansion of √ D, = (√ D) = 2 (which is well-known since D is a so-called The case k = 3 is the result presented in [6] (wherein algebraic number theory in quadratic fields and binary linear recurrences were used in the proof), is merely a footnote to the work of Ljunggren, since 2x 2 + 1 = 3 n can be rewritten as x 2 = (3


The study was conducted to investigate the cysts and eggs of intestinal parasites in drinking water in four models of drinking water for water purification projects in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate for the period from 1/10/2017 to 1/10/2018. The results of the examination of river water in four districts in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf governorate showed the presence of five species of parasites are cysts of  Entamoeba histolytica by 39%, and the eggs of the  Ascaris worm by 12%,  worm Ancylostoma duodenale  by 4%,  Giardia lamblia cysts 40%, and the eggs of  Enterobius vermicularis by 18%. The results of the tap water examination showed that there were five types of intestinal parasites, but at a lower rate than in river water,  Entamoeba histolytica cysts by 16%, eggs of Ascaris by 7%, Ancylostoma duodenale eggs by 2%, Giardia lamblia cysts by 29%, and Enterobius vermicularis by 5% overall.


This article discusses the inter-active relationship of Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden and historic and Kaifeng City.But Kaifeng City has some restraining factors for the theme park and Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden promoted Kaifeng's development insufficiently.Kaifeng City should advance its economy,infrastructural construction and tourism to boost the theme park.Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden should enhance its driving of economy,impact of the city image and cultural extension.


Some studies have been reported on the cation movement in guinea pig's taenia coli in the presence of high concentration of environmental potassium (K) (1-8), none of which has dealt with the effect of high concentration of K on K exchange. In the present study, K exchange has been studied in the guinea pig's taenia coli under elevated environmental K concentration for the purpose of clarifying the physiological nature of K-induced contracture, following the previous mechanographic study of the same purpose (9).


In this paper,a harvesting rate prey-predator system with active function is studied,and some properties of the singular points of the system and its global ability are discussed.By using the differential equation theory,it is proved that predator will be extinct at a certain condition and the system is not global stability.


The article analyzes the demographic potential of Russia's Arctic and Subarctic regions by the example of Arkhangelsk Region on the basis of population dynamics, fertility and mortality, urban and rural population ratio from the moment of the foundation of the region in 1937 and up to 2017.


Extended Turing Machines We will obtain our simplest model, the ETM, by adding to Turing Machines the ability to add, multiply, and compare real numbers. We allow real parameters to appear in an ETM's program. In this manner the set of real numbers becomes the underlying domain of our computations much as a finite set of symbols is the domain of computation of a Turing machine. As successively deeper levels of GLB are allowed, successively stronger computational systems result. Functionals which can be approximated iteratively at one level (such as differentiation) can be computed exactly at a somewhat higher level. By closing our computation scheme under the GLB-operation we obtain a system closed under limiting operations in general, but one for which the question of effectively choosing elements from effectively defined sets is presently unanswered. Indeed, the solution to this last question may depend upon higher axioms of set theory. More explicitly, take as the definition of an (ordinary) Turing machine a device consisting of (1) an infinite tape divided into squares on which symbols from some finite alphabet are written. (2) a read-write head capable of moving one square left or right under the control of (3) a finite-state-control (fsc). We consider an fsc to be a flowchart consisting of an allowable interconnection of boxes of the following forms: multiply number on tape with that in s and store result in s branch according to sign of number in s the real number beneath the head is copied into s the real number in s is written on square of top track currently scanned by the head (for c some real number) the constant c is put into s add number on top track square currently scanned to that in s and store result in s (j) s+T-+ s (i) c-+ s (1) Test s (k) s*T-+ s (h) Store s (g) Load s flowchart Any number of arrows may enter a HALT box, but none leave it (c) TEST This box has 1 outgoing arrow for each symbol in the Turing machine's alphabet. TEST causes a branch according to the symbol being scanned; if the ith symbol of the alphabet appears beneath the head when ~ TEST box is entered , control passGs to the flow-chart box indicated by the ith arrow leaving the TEST box (d) Write symbol i The ith symbol of the Turing machine's alphabet …


Solar energy is a source of free and clean energy that has no harmful environmental effects. Simple applications of new technologies such as nanotechnology are a cost-effective way of using renewable energy, which has led many industries to invest in this area. In this descriptive-analytical study the utilization of solar energy in a hot and dry region of Iran was investigated as a useful and safe resource for supplying the energy needed for the construction of Parand town, considering the available climatic potentials. The statistical population in this study was a group of inhabitants of Parand town, employees of the Tehran Construction Engineering Organization and experts in the field, from which 384 participants were selected by simple random sampling. After collecting field information through a questionnaire, the relationships between the variables of the study were tested by SPSS. The result of the study showed that the most important achievements of using nanotechnology for solar energy in view of the sustainable development of building construction from the participants' perspective were photovoltaic coating on building roofs (58.7% of the participants' responses), nano solar water heaters (57.4% of responses) and active solar cell dryers (22.1% of responses) respectively.


AIM:To study the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) on cyclin-dependent kinase 2(CDK2) and Cyclin E of vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC),and to elute the mechanism of inhibitory effect of CGRP on proliferation of VSMC in cell cycles.METHODS: VSMC were prepared from thoracic aortas of male Sprague-Dawley rat by explanting method.The cell viability and cell cycle were determined by MTT and Flow Cytometry,respectively.Western Blot was used to observe expressions of CDK2 and Cyclin E of VSMC.RESULTS: Pretreatment of VSMC with CGRP significantly inhibited cells viability,decreased the proportion of S phase and increased ratio of G0/G1 that were induced by 10% FBS,simultaneously,CGRP down-regulated the expressions of CDK2 and Cyclin E when cultured cells with 10% FBS at 12,24 and 48 hours.CONCLUSION: CGRP could inhibit the cell cycle of VSMC G0/G1 phase to S phase transition,by which the mechanism maybe involved in the decrease expressions of CDK2 and Cyclin E.


Guangdong University of Education Library,for example,articles on how to do the main work and start counting books,inventory books were from the necessity of preparation,methods,and inventory process problems and solutions as well as database construction and maintenance Bibliography other aspects are discussed.


Transition metal tungstates have a low symmetry crystalline lattice (spase group C4<inf>2h</inf>). They have biaxial antiferromagnetic structure below the Neel temperature (T<inf>N</inf>=67°K for NiWO<inf>4</inf> and T<inf>N</inf> =55°K for CoWO<inf>4</inf>). The ground state spin of a magnetic ion in these crystals is S > 1 (for Ni2+ S=1, for Co2+ S=3/2). In this case we should expect both specific features of the AFMR mode behaviour in an applied magnetic field as temperature changes and new magnetic branches of the spin-wave1,2. The experiment was carried out diffraction spectrometer in linearly polarized radiation.


noted except short-term memory disturbance. MRI revealed ischemic changes in the bilateral hippocampus ( fig. 1 ). In hypoxicischemic encephalopathy, the hippocampus is a particularly vulnerable site to injury, and as a result, pure amnesic syndrome may occur [1] . Hippocampal involvement following CO poisoning has been reported in several previous cases, but it was always accompanied by other lesions [2] . To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolated bilateral hippocampal lesions following carbon monoxide poisoning.


Protein content by type and amount is an important quality criterion in the analysis of milk from various animals. This Application Note describes the analysis of milk by on-chip electrophoresis with the Agilent Protein 80 kit and the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. Advantages of this method for milk protein analysis in comparison to conventional SDS-PAGE include: • Fast, reproducible and robust all in one method, replacing gel electrophoresis, staining and densitometric analysis • Easy sample comparison by electropherogram overlay for protein assignment within a chip or in between chips • Automated quantitative analysis for individual protein components Author


Under the conditions of Ukraine's transition from an industrial society to an information society and the globalization of the Ukrainian educational space, issues related to the development of cloud technologies in education become relevant. Reformatting the educational link is the restructuring of the learning process.A few years ago, to find out the schedule of classes, you had to go to the university, look for it on the bulletin board and write it in the diary. Today, such a need has disappeared, it can be done from the comfort of home. Using the Internet, you can also consult with a teacher, send him questions; work on a lecture, a practical lesson, for example in higher mathematics: find software packages for the construction of second-order surfaces, choose the best of them and apply them to calculate the volume of the body, finding the circulation or flow of a vector field, etc.


The purpose of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK − PD) model for mycophenolic acid (MPA) in paediatric renal transplant recipients in the early post-transplant period. An integrated population PK − PD model of MPA has been developed in paediatric renal transplant recipients. The current model provides information that will facilitate future studies and may be implemented in a Bayesian algorithm to allow a PK − PD guided therapeutic drug monitoring strategy.


Rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) is still frequent in low income countries.
 Unlike the other left sided valvular heart diseases, symptoms' occurrence is still not well understood. Previous attempts to correlate mitral valve area (MVA), pulmonary hypertension and even mitral valve stenosis severity scores with symptoms' severity have failed to establish any strong relationship. Recent advances in the characterization of the left atrium (LA) function by echocardiographic strain technique, yielded a new understanding of symptoms genesis in MS.

 To assess the correlation between LA reservoir function determined by two-dimensional (2D) Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional status in patients with MS.

 We prospectively performed comprehensive 2D trans thoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patients with rheumatic MS. Echocardiographic parameters, such as indexed LA volume, trans mitral mean gradient, maximal trans tricuspid velocity (MTTV), valve area using planimetry and pressure half time (PHT) were recorded. All doppler parameters are expressed as a mean of at least three measurements. LA global strain curve and peak reservoir strain value were then obtained on a four-chamber view. NYHA functional status was assessed just before performing the echo procedure.

 We enrolled 186 patients with rheumatic MS, with a mean age of 50.55±12.07 years. 20 patients were excluded from the study because of the presence of impaired systolic LV function (n=12), severe mitral regurgitation (n=7) or severe aortic regurgitation (n=1).
 A total of 69.4% of our cohort were female (n=129), 56.2% (n=104) had a history of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC), 59.9% had permanent atrial fibrillation (n=109). The mean MVA was 1.40±0.47 cm2, PHT derived Area was 1.47±0.52 cm2, mean gradient was 10.72±5.82 mmHg, mean indexed LA volume was 80.70±45.34 ml/m2 and mean MTTV was (3.09±0.62m/s). 75 patients (39.9%) were in NYHA III or IV functional class. Mean LA reservoir strain value was 11.08±7.76%. Comparing the group in NYHA III or IV functional class with the group NYHA I or II functional class, there was no statistically significant difference in mean MVA by planimetry or PHT, nor in mean gradient, MMTV or indexed LA volume.
 Interestingly, the NYHA III or IV functional status group had a significantly lower mean LA reservoir strain value compared to the NYHA I or II functional status group (8.94±5.57% vs 11.92±8.31%, p=0.011). Even in mild MS patients with a planimetry MVA ≥1.5cm2 (n=65), a significantly lower mean LA reservoir strain value was found in NYHA III or IV group compared to the NYHA I or II group (15.08±10.09% vs 9.76±4.35%, p=0.05).

 LA reservoir function is highly correlated to the severity of symptoms in rheumatic MS.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Summary The contractile activity of the arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) warrants vessel wall normal function. In diabetes mellitus, the circulating milieu containing harmful high glucose concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and various growth factors endanger vascular structure and function. Arterial SMCs phenotype shifts from contractile to a biosynthetic, functionally impaired state. Phenotypic alterations of SMCs might be reversed by antioxidant compounds that may control cells' response to growth factors. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the antioxidant enzyme catalase on platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) - related changes and on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) expression in arterial SMCs in vitro, in conditions that simulate diabetes. To this purpose, human aortic SMCs were exposed to low glucose (LG, 5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) - containing medium, in the absence or presence of PDGF-BB (2 or 5 ng/ml), and catalase (300 U/mL).The results showed that in HG conditions catalase diminished PDGF-stimulated SMCs proliferation, decreased PDGF-mediated intracellular ROS formation, blocked PDGFinduced Akt activation (but not of ERK½), recovered PDGF-induced phosphatase enzyme activity, and decreased PTP-1B protein expression. These results suggest the beneficial effects of catalase in preventing the vascular alterations in diabetic conditions.


Two new intermetallic alkaline-earth palladium borides, SrPd4B and BaPd4B were synthesised and their physical properties were investigated. The crystal structure of SrPd4B was solved from powder X-ray diffraction data: new structure type, space group Pnma, a = 6.0014(1) A, b = 5.5041(1) A, c = 11.8723(2) A, RI = 0.065, RP = 0.093. BaPd4B is isostructural with a = 6.0883(1) A, b = 5.6066(1) A, c = 12.0050(2) A, RI = 0.062, RP = 0.097. The relationship of this structure type with the series of derivatives of the CaCu5 type is discussed. Calculated electronic band structures for palladium, Pd3B, SrPd5, SrPd4B and SrPd3B are compared. The role of boron and strontium for the electronic properties is discussed in detail. SrPd4B shows metallic behaviour with a DOS(EF) ≈ 1.7 eV–1·f.u.–1 at the Fermi level. Magnetic properties, electrical resistivity and specific heat capacity measurements reveal that the two compounds are diamagnetic metallic conductors with low electronic density of states, in agreement, with the electronic structure calculations.


Prediction of share index is a very mystical task for the traders who take part on stock business. Investors invest their money to earn profit from this sector. However often they face misfortune in their life due to the wrong prognosis of stock index. In this work, we have predicted the indices of Bangladeshi stock by using various stock prediction algorithms such as Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Linear model & Holt- Winter approaches and analyzed the performance of these algorithms over 35 Bangladeshi stocks. Time series analysis is considered to this work and performance of algorithms is computed by calculating percentage accurate prediction. From analysis, it is found that, ARIMA (1,0,0) gives maximum prediction accuracy (82.1%) in average among all and FFNN shows best algorithm in forecasting stocks index. FFNN gives maximum accuracy in 14 out of 35 stocks.


An account is given of the major systematic errors likely to occur in microwave measurements of impedance (or equivalent parameter), power level, attenuation and noise factor. In particular, uncertainties arising from imperfections in the measuring apparatus, which act in conjunction with uncontrolled variables in the apparatus under test, are discussed. Such uncertainties in power level, attenuation and noise factor occur because the definitions are chosen to reduce the number of subsidiary measurements to a minimum. The paper opens with a brief statement of the requirements for fundamental measurement and of how far they can be met in microwave measurements. This is followed by an account of how various known methods of detecting and eliminating systematic errors can be applied. The conclusions point out that the practical need to keep subsidiary impedance measurements to a minimum calls for better values of voltage standing-wave ratio in measuring instruments than those tolerated hitherto, particularly in apparatus with coaxial connectors.


According to the development of China's aging-in-place policy,there are four phases are as following: emerging phase(1980—1989),start up phase(1990—1999),formative phase(2000—2007) and deeply development phase(2008—).The article gives a detailed introduction about that and reveals the main problems we meet,then finish the paper by making a comment and giving some advises.


The results of a study on the effects of 1 MeV electrons and 1 MeV neutrons on the operation of high speed GaAs Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) are presented. Radiation-induced trapping levels are characterized using a linear array CCD structure and the periodic pulse technique. 1 MeV electron irradiation introduced traps at 0.1 eV and 0.39 eV with bulk trap introduction rates of 1 cm-1 and 0.33 cm-1, respectively. The devices were irradiated to a maximum fluence of 9×1014 electrons/cm2. 1 MeV neutron irradiation introduced an electron trap level at 0.64 eV with a bulk trap introduction rate of 0.5 cm-1. Catastrophic device failure occurred at neutron fluences of 6×1013 neutrons/cm2. Device charge transfer efficiency was characterized pre- and post-irradiation over the temperature range of 80°K to 300°K.


Online recruitment systems have become widely used in Namibia and all over the globe. These online recruitment systems provide quick results in terms of job ranking and provide cheaper and faster ways of doing recruitment. However, the government of Namibia still uses the traditional method to do recruitment. The traditional method involves submitting hardcopy documents, which tends to be difficult when sorting documents. This study focuses on the design and implementation of a smart, transparent, open and merit-based recruitment system for the Namibia government. The paper also looks into the factors that always lead to delays in the government recruitment process, understanding some of the few technologies that can be introduced to make the recruitment process faster. It further presents a system developed as a result. The study adopted the qualitative research methodology and the incremental model to come up with the system designed.


It is a very complicated problem how to express the health situation of the residents in a region. It is nearly impossible to comprehensively express the health situation related closely with social economy and culture factors and so on in the world of today using a few indicators only. It was tried to choose more indicators, to calculate the health index by these indicators. The health situation of residents in various provinces of China was reflected by these health indexes.
Taking average life expectancy as the core, 55 indicators related closely with health including human life-span, human body height, diseases situation and culture quality of persons, were preliminarily chosen . Through testing the relational degree to the average life expectancy, the indicators those relational degree come up to marked level were chosen, and finally 27 indicators were chosen for the health indicator. After calculating the classificatory indexes of human life-span, human body height, diseases situation and culture quality, the complex health indexes were finally calculated. These health indexes can reflect the health situation in various provinces in China generally.
There are obvious regional differences between these health indexes of various provinces in China. Its general trend is that the health indexes of crowd in the big cities and the coastal areas of the southeast China are higher than those in the west China. It is indicated that the former is in good situation of health, and the contrary, the latter is in poor situation of health.


Voluntary standards have been written for hundreds of consumer products ranging from go-karts to cribs. Industry relies on these standards when designing their products and in litigation, often pointing to their compliance in defending product designs. While standards have the potential to mitigate product hazards, they are minimum requirements. As such, certain product hazards may not be addressed. This paper examines three standards and serious injuries and fatalities associated with their related products. A discussion of these standards, as well as voluntary standards in general, underscores their value and limitations.


South African towns and cities have begun the process of residential desegregation after the apartheid era. This article analyses the detailed enumeration tract results of the 1996 census to assess the extent to which this process has progressed. The resultant indices of intergroup dissimilarity suggest that the urban areas are still exceptionally highly segregated, indeed 'hypersegregated'. Furthermore, spatial desegregation is both group and place specific. Whites have desegregated more slowly than other groups, and integration between Africans and whites is extremely limited. Although there are some variations between places, the heritage of country-wide enforcement of urban apartheid has eliminated most regional differences. Nevertheless, segregation levels were usually significantly lower in KwaZulu-Natal than the other provinces. Furthermore, the national and provincial capitals do emerge as significant centres of desegregation.


Strengthening the construction of practice base is the important basis of improving the educational con-ditions,showing the evident educational characters and improving the educational quality.Exerting the advantages of the system and mechanism,according to the rules of education and market,Jiangsu United Technical Colleges have been exploring the new route of boosting the construction of practice base intensively in recent years and constructed a group of practice bases that had strong forces in teaching reform,equipped well,shared the high quality resource and were modern with high level,therefore construct the high platform of cultivating high skilled talents.


This study aims to determine the empirical evidence of tax knowledge, trust, transparency and tax awareness on tax compliance. This study involved 100 respondents as sample by using accidental sampling technique. Respondents who participated in this study were Personal Taxpayer and Corporate Taxpayers registered at Tax Office (Kantor Pelayanan Pajak/KPP) Pratama Jepara. This type of research is quantitative method using primary data. In this study, data was collected by distributing questionnaire for 5 days. The data in this study were analyzed with Partial Least Square (PLS) using Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results showed that there are two variables, namely tax knowledge and transparency that have positive and significant effect on tax awareness and tax compliance. Although, there are still some variables which don"t have any significant effect, such as tax awareness on tax compliance, trust on tax awareness and trust on tax compliance. Tax awareness moderates the effect of tax knowledge and transparency on tax compliance. Tax awareness doesn"t mediate the effect of trust on tax compliance.


The genomic DNA of seven kinds of Chinese cabbage in Liaoning was extracted with improved CTAB method. Five effective primers were selected from 28 random primers,which were screened out to analyze the RAPD-PCR reaction system. Finally,the similarities and dendrogram of the cabbages was gotten with NTsys2. 10 e software. The polymorphism analysis showed that: sixty-seven clear and reproducible DNA bands in seven kinds of Chinese cabbage genomic DNA samples were amplified from the 5 effective primers,in which 41 bands were polymorphic( the polymorphic rate was 61. 2%),showing a richer polymorphisms. The cluster analysis showed with 2. 10 e software that the similarity coefficient of the seven kinds of Chinese cabbage genome DNA samples was between 0. 4 and 0. 8,with an average similarity coefficient of 0. 6.


A case of pigeon ascariasis and streptococosis was analyzed to illustrate the clinic symptoms and pathological lesions of the mixed two disease.The paper discussed the diagnosis methods and therapy measures,provided effective treatment for mixed pigeon ascariasis and streptococosis.


Laser welding of carbon steels are quite common. The absorption of steel for a wavelength of CO2 laser is 12% at normal room temperature. The previous studies have shown absorption increases rapidly once keyhole is formed. In this paper three different grades of carbon steels of medium, high and ultra high strengths have been CO2 laser welded. Different approaches can be adopted to measure their absorption. Usually calorimeter is used in which the estimation of absorption of laser energy is made by water temperature rise. In yet another method the absorption is calculated from weld cross section using thermal transformation during heating and cooling of the weld. The distance between the two specific microstructural changes are measured from real weld macrographs and then a modified analytical equation for heat flow is used for calculating absorption values. The paper evaluates the measured absorption in terms of process parameters.


New, rapid, precise, accurate and specific chromatographic method with UV detection was developed and validated for the separation of paracetamol, tizanidine, diclofenac and chlorzoxazone and applied for the determination of tizanidine in tablet dosage forms. RP-HPLC method was developed by using Welchrom C18 Column (4.6 mm i.d. X 250 mm, 5 μm particle size), Shimadzu LC-20AT Prominence Liquid Chromatography. The mobile phase constituted of Phosphate buffer (pH-6.65): acetonitrile (60:40, v/v).The flow rate was set to 1.0 mL/min with the responses measured at 280 nm using Shimadzu SPD-20A Prominence UV-Visible detector. The retention times of paracetamol, tizanidine, aceclofenac and chlorzoxazone were found to be 3.200 min, 3.593 min, 7.717 min and 8.857 min respectively. This method successfully separated all the fore mentioned drugs in less than 10 min. tizanidine was found to give linear response in the concentration range of 2-10μg/mL. Recovery studies were executed to ascertain the accuracy by standard addition method and average recovery was found to be 98.824 to 100.126 %.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.1761μg/mL and 0.5336μg/mL respectively. The proposed method is simple, economical, fast and hence can be applied for routine quality control analysis of tizanidine in tablet dosage form. It can also be extended for the determination of paracetamol, chlorzoxazone and aceclofenac.


Vibrations have become an important factor of vehicles. Vibration tests help identify, and then tune the automotive vehicle to improve the structural strength. Due to the increasing development of vehicles and machines and their widespread use. Increased research-using vibrations due to their low or zero interference with the vehicle under test. Vibration testing is often carried out using Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV), a device that is used for contactless measurement of vibration on the surface. The laser beam is directed from the device to the surface of interest, and the amplitude and frequency of vibration are extracted from the Doppler shift frequency of the reflected laser beam due to the movement surface. High values of vibration transmitted from the engine, and the way significantly affect the body of the vehicle and the driver. Article presents results of research carried out on vehicles powered by three different engines and rpm. Tests were carried out on an engine dynamometer in the same environmental conditions. Two of engines were with spark ignition, including one with a supercharged engine and compression ignition engine. The measurements were made using the Laser Doppler Vibrometry using Fast Fourier Transform. The spectrum obtained is used for further analysis to determine the acceleration level at various frequencies. Obtained from Fast Fourier Transform readings used for drawing graphs of frequency V acceleration. The results of the study are interesting and promising, as they show a significant difference in the velocity for spark ignition engines and compression-ignition.


Constructing the Market. In this chapter devoted to housing policy at national level an attempt has been made to establish how, in the late 1970s, the representatives of government and the representatives of pressure groups - builders, developers, local politicians, etc. - under the leadership of an active minority of young senior civil servants, developed a new housing aid policy. In centring the study on this period, which is that of the major reforms in "housing policy", the aim has been to grasp a critical moment, when the antagonisms emerged and the regulatory System which remained in force until the late 1980s was set up. The building aid System (known as "aid for stone") set up in 1948 had been widely critieized : reformers inclined to economic liberalism argued for a return to the logic of the market combined with personal housing aid related to income and family circumstances. This study of the field of production of housing policy is based on a analysis of documents, research reports, narratives and written testimonies and interviews with the actors mainly responsible for the reform, and on analysis of correspondences concerning the agents exerting influence in the senior civil service, the private sector and the political field (n = 98) at the time of the drafting of the law of 1977.


Background and Aim: Increased time spent in sitting during work is associated with poor physical performance and is identified as a risk factor for health complications. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sitting duration during working days on level of physical performance in a university setting.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 35 male participants aged between 19 to 48 years were recruited during a 5 kilometers running contest. Demographics and sedentary lifestyle behavior data were collected via a questionnaire which included a question about the average number of hours spent sitting during working days. Physical performance was indicated by the finishing time of the running contest for each participant.

Results: Participants mean time interval to complete the 5 kilometers running contest was 33 ± 6.5 minutes with an average speed of 2.5 m/s. A Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that number of hours of sitting during working days was significantly positively correlated with time to finish the 5 kilometers running contest (r = 0.62835, P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions: Increased duration of sitting during working days was associated with the worse level of physical performance.


Using a numerical model of solar radiative transfer that is calibrated against benchmark computations, it is shown that atmospheric water vapor, together with the microphysical characteristics of water drops (liquid water path and effective radius), plays an important role in the total solar spectrum reflection and absorption in overcast skies. For any specific cloud type, the water vapor column above the cloud and the presence of saturated water vapor inside the cloud contribute significantly to atmospheric absorption. These factors also affect the relationship between the net shortwave fluxes at the top and bottom of overcast atmospheres, in particular, inhibiting a general universal linkage between these two quantities. Thus neglect of details concerning the vertical location, extent, and microphysical aspects of clouds can lead to biases in the inference of surface irradiance using top-of-the-atmosphere measurements.


Tannins are high molecular weight polyphenol compounds with ability to bind proteins. Based on the structure, albumin are simple globular molecule protein. Optimalisation binding of jackfruit leave tannins to bovine serum (BSA) albumin was done in two stages. The first stage was to determine levels of tannins and condensed tannins in jackfruit leaves grown in mediterranean soil types. Second research was optimalisation binding of jackfruit leaf tannins with bovine serum albumin. In the second stage there was the determination of protein-percipitable phenolics compound and protein content using Lowry method. The data showed total phenol content was 10.63%, total tannin was 7.08%, and condensed tannins 5.57%. The optimum capacity phenolic compound to bind protein of bovine serum albumin was 5.71+0.18 mg BSA/100 mg dry matter of jackfruit leaf, while 1 g tannin could bind 23.149 g BSA or 1 g condensed tannin could bind 28.885 g BSA. (Key words: Tannin, Total phenol, Total tannin, Condensed tannin, Bovine serum albumin)


Standard Model outlined in the book, expectations for phenomena beyond play a large role in planned experiments. Neutrino oscillations, the likely existence of dark matter and dark energy and the theoretical role of string theory are rightly discussed in the concluding sections. Useful appendixes contain a wealth of particle physics data and summaries of theoretical techniques. They conclude a book thoroughly recommended at a final year specialist or first year postgraduate study level especially for those engaged in experimental high energy physics research. The author has performed an excellent service in making accessible the language and results of field theory applied to elementary particle physics.


Sensor (2) pressure mainly comprising a chip (21) detector, a circuit chip (30) and a substrate (40). The chip (21) sensor is arranged to produce an electrical signal representing a detected pressure and comprises a detection zone (23a) and plurality of contact pads (25a). The chip (30) circuit comprises circuitry arranged for processing the electrical signal and a plurality of contact pads (31a). The substrate (40) comprises a resin sheet (41) having an opening (43) and a plurality of conductors (42a) in the resin sheet (41). The substrate (40) is joined to the chip (21) sensor and the chip (30) so that the detection zone circuit (23a) on the chip (21) detector is intended to be exposed to the pressure detected through the opening (43) of the resin sheet (41), the contact pads (25a, 31a) of the chip (21) and sensor chip (30) circuit are electrically connected to the conductors (42a - 42d) of the substrate (40) and the contact pads (25a, 31a) and conductors (42a) are tightly embedded in the resin sheet (41) of the substrate (40).


In this paper, we present the fast computational algorithms for the Jacobi sums of orders l 2 and 2 l 2 with odd prime l by formulating them in terms of the minimum number of cyclotomic numbers of the corresponding orders. We also implement two additional algorithms to validate these formulae, which are also useful for the demonstration of the minimality of cyclotomic numbers required


Multicultural group work represents a powerful tool for helping and healing in the context of human diversity. This article summarizes multicultural group work, including task, psychoeducational, counseling, and psychotherapy groups, and describes a group work model for multicultural assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning. Group work assessment and diagnosis should be culturally informed involving emic, etic, and a dialectic assessment perspective. Treatment planning begins with culturally informed conceptualizations of group treatment. It should include intentional stage-specific treatment strategies with multiculturally responsive interventions, which continuously address powerful inclinations, liabilities, and needs resulting from human diversity and dialectic interactions between diverse clients.


Asymmetric price transmission, especially between vertically separated markets, has been a subject of considerable attention in agricultural economics. Asymmetric price transmission is not only important because it may point to gaps in economic theory, but also because its presence is often considered for policy purposes to be evidence of market failure. The focus of our research lies on the methods used to determine whether price transmission is asymmetric or symmetric. We analyse the behaviour of a variety of common tests for asymmetry in the presence of structural breaks in the underlying data. The hypothesis that we wish to test is that such anomalies in the underlying data can lead to overrejection of the null hypothesis of symmetric transmission. The results of Monte-Carlo experiments demonstrate that in the presence of structural breaks in symmetrically linked price data, tests will tend to reject the null hypothesis of symmetric transmission at the 5% level of significance in considerably more than 5% of a large number of repetitions. In other words, in the presence of structural breaks, it appears that the true size of tests for asymmetric price transmission is considerably larger than the chosen significance level. This implies that what in many studies appears to be asymmetric price transmission may in fact be due to other causes.


We isolated 5W, a temperate phage that infects multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from pond water, using an enrichment method that involves the addition of host bacteria. 5W is a long-tailed phage with a narrow host range lysed four of 19 A. baumannii clinical isolates tested, and complete lysis was observed for A. baumannii clinical isolate Ab1. 5W adsorbed rapidly to its Ab1 host and > 80% adsorption was observed after 2 min of mixing. The one-step growth curve showed that 5W has a 20 min latent period and a ~ 100 min rise period, with a burse size of ~ 180 PFU/cell. 5W contains a dsDNA genome 43,032 bp in length, with 61 open reading frames and a GC content of 39.85%. The genome lacks any known virulence and drug resistance genes, but encodes an N-acetyl-β-D-muramidase with numerous positively charged amino acids at its C-terminus that belongs to the GH_108 family. The M/S subunits of the restriction endonuclease are inserted in the lysogenic gene cluster. The first and second halves of the 5W genome are highly homologous with prophages phiABCR01-03 and phiABCR01-02 in the A. baumannii ABCR01 genome, respectively, which suggests that 5W may be a product of recombination between the two prophages.


Four groups of children were studied over periods of 1 to 14 years. Group 1 included 402 children who had been born after prolonged labor. Follow-up studies were made of 321 of the 402 children. Twelve children (3.7%) were noted to have convulsions, but only one child had a recurring convulsive disorder (epilepsy). The remainder had so-called febrile convulsions. No other persistent neurologic difficulties were found.
 Group 3 included 236 children who had asphyxia (anoxia) or delayed respiration at birth. Follow-up data were available on 180 children. The only resulting neurologic difficulties noted were febrile convulsions in two children. None had persistent convulsive disorders (epilepsy).
 Group 5 included 124 babies whose mothers had had toxemia of pregnancy. Fourteen were stillborn or died in early infancy. Four of the remaining 110 (3.6%) had a febrile convulsion at some time, but to our knowledge persistent convulsions did not develop.
 Groups 2 and 4 were control groups and included a total of 633 children, who were born after relatively short uncomplicated deliveries. Follow-up data were available for 498 of the children; among them 16 children (3.2%) had convulsions at some time, and 13 of the 16 had convulsions at some time between the ages of 8 and 14 years. No other persistent neurologic conditions were found. Four children had recurring convulsive disorders and four others had a single convulsion or occasional convulsion of unknown etiology. Eight others had so-called febrile convulsions. No other persistent neurologic conditions were found.
 The findings of the present study reinforce the conclusions in the previous report from this clinic—that prolonged labor, asphyxia, or delayed respiration at birth did not cause any neurologic abnormality in children who survive the early months of life, and that convulsions of any type are not commoner among children who had difficulty at birth than among children who did not have difficulty at birth.


Objectives: To investigate the interactions of sociodemographic factors that are associated with acceptance or refusal of smoking in society.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between February 2017 and January 2018 using a proportionate cluster sample of 630 Lebanese adults. An index was constructed, the "smoking social unacceptability index" and a stratification analysis over age, gender, family influence, city of residence, smoking status was carried out.
Results: The results of the linear regressions, taking the "smoking social unacceptability index" as the dependent variable, showed that having a smoker at home (Beta=-0.664) and big city residency (Beta=-0.481) were significantly associated with a lower score on the "smoking social unacceptability index". Being a smoker (Beta=-0.696) was significantly and highly associated with a lower score. Whereas female gender (Beta=-0.522) and higher education level (Beta=-0.358) were associated with higher index score. Age and working status didn't show a significant effect.
Conclusion: gender, family influence, smoking status, big city residency and education level, would affect the attitude towards smoking bans. Public education and implementation of adequate policies are necessary.


1. Spatial gaming device that improves logical skills and dexterity, especially labyrinth game having the correct, incorrect or disordered female mold, and comprising a labyrinth game element (7) adapted to be moved through the labyrinth, characterized in that the game element is a pin (7) with a head (9) situated at each end of the rod (8) of the rod (7), wherein the female mold is realized in the form of housing (1, 101, 201) containing a static or dynamic spatial maze you space filled in accordance with the spatial geometric configuration heads (9) and the rod (8) of the rod (7) and allowing to move the pin (7), the spatial regions (2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 209, 210, 211, 214, 215, 216, 219, 220) the track located in the housing (1, 101, 201) and the housing parts (102, 103, 202, 203), wherein the portions (2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 209, 210, 211, 214, 215, 216, 219, 220) tracks form a labyrinth body and are arranged so that the pin (7) can be moved on them, step by step, wherein the pin (7) is pivotable in example ION parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the housing (1, 101, 102) in directions perpendicular to or parallel to its own axis, with the possibility of free rotation by combining previous turns, or moving along a spatial curve as it passes through the labyrinth, and the housing parts (102 , 103, 202, 203, 204) are movable relative to each other when moving on them pins (7), wherein the labyrinth is adapted to move the rod (7) produced by stepwise movements of body parts, and the length of Sr.


Waking from the Dream: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Shadow of Martin Luther King, Jr. By David L. Chappell. (New York: Random House, 2014. Pp. xvi, 249. $27.00, ISBN 978-1-4000-6546-2.) What happened to the civil rights movement after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968? The usual answer, according to David L. Chappell, is that the movement appeared to "lurch aimlessly ... directionless, if not entirely stagnant" (p. xii). This fine book attempts to correct that answer and to examine the various ways, some successful and others failures, that subsequent activists tried to expand the movement--desegregating the housing market, expanding black voting and economic opportunity, and honoring King's legacy with a national holiday in his name. King's "last real victory," Chappell proclaims in chapter 1, was the Fair Housing Act of 1968 (p. 3). The assassination propelled passage of the act, for even die-hard segregationists in Congress usually kept their "mouths decorously shut" (p. 18). But the author concludes that it was a "toss-up whether Congress was honoring King's memory directly or was responding to the violence and destruction that greeted his death" (p. 23). Chappell then addresses the National Black Political Conventions of 1972 and 1974, which he correctly notes have been "largely forgotten" (p. 30). Over seven thousand activists attended the first convention in Gary, Indiana, a city that had just elected one of the country's first black mayors, Richard Hatcher. Delegates discussed issues and made calls for unity, and the conventions "marked a crucial, formative stage in the consolidation of the civil rights movement's victories" (p. 31). Yet the first convention, and then the second in Little Rock, Arkansas, demonstrated that King's movement was falling apart into various factions; the African American population could be an electoral force, but it was already too diverse to remain a unified interest group after the civil rights gains of the 1960s. Waking from the Dream: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Shadow of Martin Luther King, Jr. then examines the Humphrey-Hawkins full-employment law, which President Jimmy Carter signed in 1978. During the so-called stagflation of the 1970s, the original aim was to put people to work, especially African Americans, but the author admits that the eventual legislation had little impact on black unemployment, which continued to be "more than double" that for whites (p. …


The evolution of ontological engineering leaded authors to use some techniques of software engineering to design ontologies. Are obtained from these techniques the monolithic or modularized Ontologies. When is difficult to reuse some concepts of monolithic ontologies, modularized Ontologies facilitate ontology management, understandability and reuse. This paper aims to survey on ontology modularization techniques and their contribution in biomedical ontologies design. Modularization reposed on appropriated techniques and some challenges related to ontology reused, scalable querying, collaborative authoring, and distributed reasoning. For most of disease ontologies, more especially ontologies which reused IDO, these challenges are not considered, and most of them are implemented with OWL language and the novel mode to construct ontology's purpose is to facilitate reuse and interoperability of ontologies ensured by modularization.


This paper proposes an approach for automatic language identification (LID) for seven Indian languages. The proposed system uses language dependent phonotactic features and prosodic information. Phonetic Engine (PE)which serves as the front end of the phonotactic based LID system converts input speech utterance to a sequence of phonetic symbols. Syllable boundaries are detected and phones within a syllable boundary are grouped and phono-tactic rules are applied to get syllables. Two consecutive syllables are numerically represented to get phonotactic feature vectors. Prosodic feature vectors are obtained by concatenating features of three consecutive syllables. A multilayer feed forward neural network (NN) classifier is used at the back-end for language identification. The ANN classifier is trained with two hour duration data from each of the seven languages. Target languages include Bengali, Hindi, Telugu, Urdu, Assamese, Punjabi and Manipuri.


The invention relates to a method for processing a sample of biological material. The method comprises a step of mixing a sample solution (102) containing a transport medium and the sample, with a processing solution (104) which contains a chaotropic compound to produce a starting mixture (106).


A simplified algorithm for calculating maximum rapprochement of adjoining phases of collecting buses with drops that is based only on available geometrical span dimensions has been developed in the paper. The paper reveals an opportunity for prohibitive rapprochement and whipping of wires of one phase with the wires of adjoining phase branches and recommendations on its elimination are given in the paper.


ABSTRACT This essay examines the recent scandal that engulfed the Cambodian anti-trafficking activist, Somaly Mam, who was accused of fabricating tales of abduction and prostitution in her memoir, Le Silence de l'innocence (2005). In my reading of Mam's memoir, I focus on the tropes of silence and voice in the narrative as well as in the context of its initial reception and eventual denunciation in order to offer some preliminary thoughts on the appeal and limitations of the testimonial narrative within the global rescue industry. I finish by examining the implications of Mam's narrative and its alleged falsehoods for the women on whose behalf she claims to speak. Rather than attempt to determine whether Mam has told the truth, I take this scandal as an occasion to explore the problem of evidentiary versus narrative truths in the literary testimony and the ways in which various truths are mobilized and silenced when the literary testimony intersects with the human rights campaign.


Qiang people's embroidery is one of the important decorations in Qiang people's garments.Its theme is wide and color is rich and unique,which is aesthetic and practical,spreading ethnic culture and civilization.But due to the changes in inheritance methods and environment,Qiang's embroidery faces inheriting crisis.The crisis was analyzed,how to inherit and protect Qiang's embroidery was explored in order to provide reference for the inheritance of other ethnic culture.


Computer modelling of port operations using discrete event simulation techniques has become the norm for the engineering design of major port developments. Such models are used to analyse factors such as port configurations, vessel operations, loading equipment options, stockpile layouts and demurrage costs. The model uses probabilistic input data and in order to represent all the permutations of conditions that may exist in a port, the model may be run for years of simulated operations. Simulation models of port operations for the engineering of port developments have become well discussed in the literature. This paper outlines a more novel use of simulation for short term detailed planning of port operations, where the time horizon may be in the range of a day to a month. This type of model interfaces with real time port information for the current status of the port and recent trends. Based on this data, the model can iterate through numerous feasible operating scenarios and propose quasi-optimal operating plans. The port management may also test their own variations for operations of the port, with the model testing the feasibility of these plans and displaying the comparative results. An operating planning system of the above type is being developed for the iron ore export port of Cape Lambert in the north-west of Australia. Cape Lambert has recently expanded its port and stockyard from 33 to 47 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) capacity to cater for the addition of the new West Angelas mine. Plans allow for later expansion to 60-80 mtpa.


Objective To study the correlation of volatile components between Taxilli Herba and its hosts. Methods The volatile components were obtained by steam distillation.The volatile components of Taxilli Herba and its hosts were separated and indentified by GC/MS.The relative percentage of the volatile component was calculated from the GC peak areas. Results The content and composition of volatile components were different in Taxilli Herba from different host plants. Conclusion Host plants can affect the quality of Taxilli Herba by affecting the content and composition of volatile components.


The rapid development of information technology has speeded up the process of manufacturing enterprise modernization and in formation technology.ERP has gotten more and more attention which intends to manage the production reasonably and systematically.The system was developed based on Oracle 10,using JSP,Struts,Hibernate,Spring Framework and PL / SQL to build the table added to the Oracle database,and also B / S three-tier structure.The system has the functions of user management,rights management,main data management,bill of materials management.


Through a Discourse Completion Test,we tested 125 foreign students and 48 Chinese students' pragmatic levels in the speech act of requests.Results show that there are some differences in the foreigners' choice of core sentence patterns,alerters,supportive move,personal pronouns and request strategies.This paper also dwells on the pragmatic criteria and the ways to improve their pragmatic levels.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of workers' willingness to accept contingent employment. Contingent jobs are defined broadly as jobs that will not last indefinitely. Given the opposing views of these employment arrangements on one hand, it is argued that they benefit workers by giving them greater flexibility, and on the other hand, it is argued that they hurt workers by subjecting them to greater insecurity and provide fewer job benefits-it seems likely that contingent arrangements are beneficial for some workers but not for others. The relevant questions, then, are which workers are helped, and which are hurt, by contingent employment? One way to investigate this is to compare workers who willingly accept contingent jobs with those who hold such jobs but would prefer permanent employment. If the two groups of workers are found to differ significantly in their personal and job characteristics, then there may be some basis for economic policies to assist workers who would like to move out of contingent jobs into permanent jobs. We are able to explore this issue of workers' willingness to accept contingent employment using data from the February 1995 Contingent Worker Supplement to the Current Population Survey.


This article investigates downgrading from the highest level of secondary education in The Netherlands. Downgrading is defined as continuation of secondary education at a lower level. We conduct a longitudinal case study of downgrading in the first 3 years of a secondary school. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses are employed to identify the explanatory factors that lead to downgrading. These factors prove to be largely consistent with those mentioned in the literature on underachievement of intellectually gifted students, in particular the Munich model of giftedness and talent, suggesting this model may have wider applicability. Moreover, we identify factors that are already prevalent before students enter secondary schooling. This suggests that the academic chain should be the scope of study when we want to influence underachievement or downgrading in the educational system. The results of this study have been used as a basis for interventions in practice to reduce the extent of downgrading.


PURPOSE: An ion beam irradiating apparatus for forming an alignment film is provided to irradiate the ion beam with a uniform irradiation angle to the alignment film on a substrate by blocking the ion beam irradiated and diffused from an ion beam source through a density control of a medium. CONSTITUTION: The ion beam irradiating apparatus is divided into three regions(403,406,411). In the region(403), an injected gas is ionized and forms plasma. The ionized ion is drawn out in the ion beam drawing out region(406), accelerated and then irradiated to a substrate(420) in the ion beam irradiating region(411). An ion beam source(400) includes a cathode(401), an anode(402), an ion beam drawing out medium(404) and an ion beam accelerating medium(405). A vacuum container(440) irradiates the ion beam(410) to the substrate(420) in a straight line. A collimation medium(470) controls the number of penetrated ion beams. A holder(421) fixes the substrate(420) in order to maintain the substrate(420) with a constant angle in the vacuum container(440).


According to the exploration and practice of provincial electrical and electronic experimental teaching demonstration center,this paper firstly brings forward some new ideas and new methods,such as experimental project is the basic unit of experimental center construction,production practice is the primary source of experiment content innovation,and the integration of teaching theory and experiment,and so on,so as to improve the construction level of experimental center.Secondly,it enumerates the paradigms of experiment project design with originality based on various ways,such as workflow,the co-construction of university and enterprise,vocational skill examination and working environment simulation and so on.Finally,it summarizes the achievements of experimental center construction in the improvement of experimental teaching quality and the promotion of teacher's teaching and scientific research work.


The human cytomegalovirus, also known as HCMV, is a herpesvirus that infects around sixty percent of people living in industrialized nations and more than ninety percent of adults living in developing nations. Because infections are typically kept under control by a robust immune response, patients typically have either no symptoms at all or only mild symptoms.  Breast milk is regarded as the best diet for newborns because of the anti-infectious properties it possesses in addition to its high nutritional value; yet, breast milk can also act as a vehicle for the transmission of infectious diseases such as viruses and bacteria. Breast milk is the vehicle via which the great majority of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-seropositive women pass the virus on to their children. Because their mothers have antibodies that are specific to HCMV, full-term neonates who acquire infections during pregnancy normally show no symptoms and do not experience any difficulties. In contrast, preterm neonates with very low birth weight (VLBW) are more likely to develop symptomatic infections, such as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, sepsis-like syndrome, and, less frequently, pneumonia and enteric infection. These infections are more likely to occur in VLBW premature newborns. It would suggest that infections that are acquired postnatally clear up on their own without influencing the clinical result. We observe that there is still a risk of ASI-acquired CMV infection in premature newborns whose mothers have a positive CMV antibody test, although the rate of CMV infection is higher in premature infants who are fed fresh breast milk.


Introduction Representations Induced transformation I Approximation Induced transformation II Stochastic calculus of variation Stochastic integration Nonlinear translation (Absolute continuity) Conditional expectation Integration by parts Composition (Ito formula) Clark type representation Continuation Stochastic control Appendix Bibliography.


Hard turning and fatigue tests are conducted to study the influence of cutting process on the fatigue properties of hard machined components in this work. The specimens are machined under various cutting speeds and tool wear condition. Tension-compression fatigue tests of the specimens are performed. The typical fatigue fracture patterns are observed and discussed. The fatigue life of the specimens is recorded and compared. The mechanism of the influence of white layer on fatigue properties is proposed, and the effects of white layer on the fatigue life are obtained. The changing process of tensile and compressive residual stresses is discussed. The effects of surface residual stress and maximum residual stress on the fatigue life are clarified.


Cystic lymphangioma of the breast is a rare benign lymphatic tumor. We report sonographic and mammographic findings in an unusual case in a 36‐year‐old woman. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 27:351–352, 1999.


Movie is a source of entertainment which attends slang words in the characters' dialogue. Pitch Perfect is a musical-drama movie address for young people. This study is aimed to find the syntactic forms of slang expressions found in Pitch Perfect movie script and to clarify the meaning of that expressions based on the context they are uttered. This study is a descriptive qualitative research which used the script of the movie as the data and Yule's word-formation processes theory to analyze it. The writer, as the intrument of the research, found 38 slang words in the movie script which contains 5 coinage, 11 compounding, 11 blending, 10 clipping, and 1 multiple process. The most word categories spoken frequently in the movie are compounding and blending. The writer also found that slang words existed in the movie mostly have figurative meaning with the intention of making the utterances secret, unique and exclusive because it refers to a certain group, the acapella group. Keyword: Slang, word-formation processes


Large yield of β-Ga2O3 nanorods with metal Ga tip were efficiently synthesized. They were deposited on surface of amorphous C fibers by decomposition of Ga2O vapor at around 1000 °C, where Ga2O vapor was produced at 1360 °C by a reaction between pure Ga2O3 and active carbon powders. The nanorods had diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nm and lengths of up to several tens micrometers. Twins and edge dislocations having a Burgers vector of 0.0859 A [2.66, 3.66, 1] existed in the nanorods. A redshift of 4–23 cm−1 was found in the Raman scattering spectrum of nanorods compared with that of a pure Ga2O3 powder. This phenomenon was explained qualitatively in terms of the defects in the nanorods.


A reliable way to accurately predict the properties of fuels is essential to ensure their effective utilization. Furthermore, this could facilitate the development of new alternative jet fuels and help to streamline their approval process. This work investigates the application possibilities of the probabilistic Machine Learning (ML) algorithm Gaussian Process Regression (GauProReg) for the prediction of jet fuel properties. A critical evaluation is performed by comparing ML-based property predictions with the state-of–the-art physical-based discrete thermodynamics model. A sub-set of properties from ASTM D1655 Table 1 was selected for this study. The detailed fuel data set from the CRC world fuel survey (CRC Report No. 647, June 2006 CRC, INC.) was used as the basic data set to represent the variability of conventional fuel properties. As input for both models, evaluated GCxGC measurements with 7 considered hydrocarbon families and carbon atoms in a range of 1 to 25 were utilized. The validity of the predicted values from the GauProReg was cross-validated in 4 folds with 25 % percent of test data. The compared physical model was based on measured thermodynamic constants or derived from group-contribution methods. It received the same detailed compositional information as the ML algorithm. The two approaches were tested and compared with respect to their accuracy in the validated / trained data range and also their extrapolation behaviour on the basis of one conventional and two alternative fuels. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the GauProReg predictions was investigated systematically.


The paper presents a series of geodynamic numerical models for the formation of the stress-strain state of the lithosphere. The issue of geodynamic sources of deformation and the formation of the stress-strain state of the lithosphere of the Caucasian orogen, as well as the structures surrounding it (the Kura-Rion depression, the south of the Scythian Plate, the Lesser Caucasus) is being studied. The purpose of the study is not to accurately reproduce the structure of the orogen from some initial model, but, to a greater extent, to study the stress field in the lithosphere of orogens and correlate them with tectonophysical data on their stress state.


In this paper, average power, delay, power delay product and leakage feedback technique is applied for linear feedback shift registers. The design of low-power digital system is crucial using low power flip-flops. As Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) devices are minimized to ranges which are in nanometer and Complementary MOS (CMOS) circuit's total Power consumption is given a new definition. In today's world leakage power tends to play a major role in total power consumption due to the integration of millions of components and shrinking process technology. In this paper, the linear feedback shift registers are designed and their performances are analyzed.


OX40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family and, as a co-stimulatory molecule, enhances T-cell proliferation, survival and memory formation. We have also shown that it induces robust antitumor responses in patients with metastatic disease. To examine the effect of OX40 stimulation on the immune response in cancer patients, 16 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients were enrolled in a neoadjuvant phase Ib trial and received anti-OX40 infusion 2 days, 1 week and 2 weeks prior to surgical resection.
 To evaluate changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tissue and peripheral blood samples were obtained prior to infusion and at time of surgery. Assessment of changes in tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and peripheral blood populations were performed by flow cytometry and fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC).
 OX40 administration was well tolerated with low toxicity. Activation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cell populations in both the TME and periphery peaked between 12 and 19 days after OX40 infusion, as demonstrated by increased levels of Ki67, CD38 and ICOS. In the TIL, expression of CD39, ICOS and PD-1 was increased on CD4+ T cells in most patients and the frequency of tumor-reactive CD39+CD103+ CD8+ T cells was increased in some patients. IHC analysis revealed striking changes in tissue integrity and increased lymphocyte infiltrates in 4/16 patients.
 With this study, we have found that neoadjuvant OX40 immunotherapy is feasible and safe in patients with HNSCC and results in robust activation and proliferation of T cells within the tumor. Based on these findings, we are now comparing the transcriptome and changes in TIL repertoire and metabolism before and after treatment.


We report the first experimental demonstration of 25Gb/s operation of 1GHz bandwidth-limited Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier based on DMT modulation and optical equalization. This combination is highly resilient to chromatic dispersion.


Charging method of samples for submerged electrophoresis agarose gel. The present invention relates to a method for loading nucleic acid samples for submerged electrophoresis agarose gel where the loading of each individual sample is done by a) obtaining the liquid sample nucleic analyze acids; b) obtaining an individual solid support; c) adsorption of the liquid sample in the individual solid support; d) depositing the individual solid support containing the sample in a well of the agarose gel to the development of the electrophoresis of nucleic acids in the gel, where the loading of the samples is performed before submerging the agarose gel in a buffer migration. the loading device is also contemplated for carrying out said method and kit of electrophoresis based on the use of said device.


In the first part of the paper, a complete model for oxidation and reduction reactions occurring at low temperatures in finely divided spinel oxides such as Mn-Zn, Mo, and V ferrites is presented. When the Fe-based spinel oxides contain more than one oxidizable cation (for instance Fe 2+ , Mo 3+ and Mo 4+ in Mo ferrites). it has been demonstrated that each cation oxidizes in a well defined range in temperature in close relation with the cation-oxygen distance of the cation considered. The model involves both thermodynamics and kinetics considerations: thermodynamics involves the minimization of the Gibbs free energy and the kinetics oxidation has been explained on the basis of a diffusion-induced stress effecL Finite element calculations have been developped and applied to compute the features of the reaction in the case of V, Mn-Zn and Mo ferrites. In these materials, the model enables the evolution with time of oxidation to be explained. In the second part of the paper, the influence of the oxidation and reduction reactions occurring during all the stages of sintering upon both physical and mechanical properties is evidenced.


Smart cities are often linked to development projects to achieve the level of smartness that city governments aspire to. There are several studies looking at how to evaluate smart city performance using different methodologies and evaluation criteria. Although there is no standard method on how to perform such an evaluation, we have observed that the Smart Economy is the most dominant dimension in evaluating smart cities. Of the 30 studies we analyzed between 2015 and 2020, smart economy was cited in 25 of them as a key dimension in evaluating smart cities. Therefore, in this paper we highlight the role of the Smart Economy dimension in smart city development and show how it is measured and evaluated in different assessment tools. In this article, we look in more detail at smart economy-related indicators used in different assessment tools. We draw on a theoretical approach with a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to explore commonalities and correlations among the top performing cities in the smart economy.


Eminent poet and translator Yves Bonnefoy authored both significant translations and rich theoretical reflections on the problem of translating poetry. The way Bonnefoy defines the poetic subject will be compared to Meschonnic's and Berman's thoughts on translation. I will also show that Bonnefoy's reflection on the poetic subject is similar to Benveniste's. For the latter, who develops a theory of poetic discourse in his manuscripts on Baudelaire's poetic language, this poetic subject is responsible for an enunciation which has a specific poetic form that reveals itself at a translinguistic level. Benveniste's thinking on poetic discourse is similar to Bonnefoy's metonymic concept of the poetic sign. Without knowing Benveniste's manuscripts on poetry, Bonnefoy defines the translator as a poetic subject in a way that invites to extend the linguist's reflection to translation studies. This allows us to rethink, both on a practical and a theoretical level, the implications of translating poetry. The presence of the poetic subject reveals itself in a specific way in the grain of a translated text through what I will call, by taking inspiration from Amossy's and Maingueneau's thinking, the ethos of the poet as translator. This ethos is the image of the self of the poet that he projects in his translated discourse and that crystallizes at a translinguistic level. I will analyse an excerpt from one of Shakespeare's plays translated by Bonnefoy, so as to give an example of what I will call a «double» discursive image projected by translation. I will also show that Bonnefoy's translation experience reveals new possibilities of his poetic writing. His ethos as a poet and translator becomes the source of inspiration of a recent poetic prose, "La tâche du traducteur".


We had a huge success with the completion of 7th World Machine Learning and Deep Learning Congress Webinar on June 18-19, 2020. The significance of the meeting was achieved due to the accumulation of all the related group of spectators of research scientists to share their Knowledge, Research work, Technologies, and furthermore trade of worldwide Information towards the correct crowd at ideal time. Congress has received a generous response from all over the world. This has been organized with the aim of endorsing the development of new perceptions and ideas for investigating the high level of knowledge reached by scientific community in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

The conference was organized around the theme "New way of Communicating your wishes to a Computer". The congress entrenched a firm relation of future strategies in the field of Healthcare medicine.

We would like to thank accepted abstracts:

 Bassem Mokhtar, College of Information Technology, University of Fujariah, Fujairah, UAE
 Brindha Senthil Kumar, Department of Computer Engineering, Mizoram University, India
 Hailah S. Alnifisa, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, KSA

 Mohammad ShuaibKhan, Glocal University, India
 Nadeem Anjum, Indian Insitute of Techology, India

We would like to thank each and every participant of Machine Learning 2020 webinar to make this a huge success. And special thanks to media partners for the promotion of our event.

The Conference Series Pharmaceutical Conferences aim to bring together the prominent researchers academic scientists, and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences on all aspects of Pharmaceutics. It is conjointly a knowledge domain platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to gift and discuss the foremost recent advances, trends, and issues in addition as sensible challenges and solutions adopted in the fields of Biopharmaceutics.

We are also glad to announce our upcoming conference "7th World Machine Learning and Deep Learning Congress and 8th Global Summit on

Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks" scheduled on June 14 - 15, 2021, Dubai, UAE

The topics to be discussed are Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Neural networks, Healthcare & Medical Sciences, Robotic Process Automation (RPA):, Affective Computing, Virtual Reality (VR) and Gaming, Computer Vision, Big Data Analytics


It has a visual display that can display device to provide an image, and an ultrasonic sensor array attached to the back component of the visual display. Ultrasonic sensor array can be an ultrasound area array sensor. For example, the back component may be a backlight light guide or display TFT.


Polyclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (pAb2/m) for microcystin leucine−arginine variant (MCYST-LR) were generated from ascites after immunization with affinity-purified Fab fragment of rabbit polyclonal antibodies (pAb1/r) against MCYST-LR to BALB/c mice. Competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cd-ELISA) revealed that the binding of free MCYST-LR to solid-phase pAb1/r was inhibited by affinity-purified pAb2/m. pAb2/m can be used as MCYST-LR surrogate in the ELISA. Using the purified pAb2/m as immunogen, polyclonal anti-anti-idiotype antibodies (pAb3/r), which have characteristics similar to those of original pAb1/r, were generated in rabbits. In the pAb3/r-based ELISA, the concentrations causing 50% inhibition (IC50) of binding of MCYST-LR−horseradish peroxidase (MCYST−HRP) to the solid-phase pAb3 by MCYST-LR, MCYST−arginine−arginine variant (MCYST-RR), MCYST−tyrosine−arginine variant (MCYST-YR), and nodularin (NODLN) were 0.7, 24.4, 19.2, and 24.3 ng/mL, respectively. pAb3/r showed a dose-dep...


Abstract Purpose: Extracellular Hsp70 has anti-inflammatory potential, demonstrated in different models of inflammatory diseases. We investigated probable mechanisms used by Hsp70 to down-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. Materials and methods: We analysed cytokine mRNA levels in bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells treated with Hsp70, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) or OVA (an irrelevant protein control), hypothesising that this was mediated by C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors. We also tested the involvement of TLR2, IL-10, ERK and STAT3, using genetically deficient mice and pharmacological inhibitors. Results: C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ levels were inhibited in bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) treated with Hsp70, and that correlated with inhibition of TNF-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1. Such inhibition was not observed in TLR2 or IL-10 knockout mice, and was also abrogated upon pretreatment of cells with ERK and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors. Conclusions: C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors are inhibited by Hsp70 treatment, and their inhibition occurs via the TLR2-ERK-STAT3-IL-10 pathway in BMDCs, mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of Hsp70.


The paper reviews and reflects on the development of a psychoanalytic approach to understanding institutions. It traces the origins of such an approach from the early work of the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations after the Second World War; comments on the resistances such an approach has aroused, both internal and external; and suggests grounds for optimism regarding its future.


Geomorphometric indices are used to characterize a group of recently recognized landslides in the Bystrzyckie Mts (SW Poland). LiDAR DEM was the primary data source. Geomorphometric approach helped to differentiate landslides in terms of form which likely reflects different mechanisms of movement. Topographic Wetness Index highlights drainage patterns within the landslides and emphasizes differences between slopes affected and not affected by landslides.


The food and drug administration has noted that computer deficiencies and inadequate validation have contributed to errors in blood collection centers. The authors have developed a precedence-logic expert system which permits the software developer to write statements which can never be changed by subsequent programming actions. This allows for linear growth in the validation test set required to assure that donor units with positive test results are not released for transfusion.<<ETX>>


New Zealand and Australian International Brigadiers awaiting repatriation from Spain after the withdrawal of the International Brigades by the Spanish Government. The photograph was probably taken in the town of Ripoli, close to the French border at the foot of the Catalan Pyrenees, ca October-November 1938. Photograph printed from a negative held by the Archive of the International Brigades, Moscow.
Back row, left to right: Kevin Rebecchi (Australia), Lloyd Edmonds (Melbourne, Australia), William "Murn" MacDonald (Wellington & Dunedin, NZ), Joe Carter (Sydney, Australia).
Front row, left to right: Jack Franklyn (Australia), Bert Bryan (Wellington & Dunedin, NZ), Jim McNeill (Sydney, Australia).
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).


It has been frequently noted that people can intuitively learn to play computer games (or video games) with little or no instruction and that they quickly and easily develop skills for becoming better players. The same is rarely said of software for business applications. We were interested in learning why this is true. We have undertaken a study is to see what aspects of game interfaces contribute to learning and to building strategies. We are investigating this by first gathering a collection of background material on the topic. In addition to collecting background material, we are designing and carrying out a study of individuals playing computer games. From the reading that we have done and the preliminary design of our study, we have created four hypotheses to test. The background material for this study, the experimental design and our hypotheses are all discussed in this paper.


Micro-machining techniques using pulsed lasers are currently being applied world-wise in many diverse industrial application areas including biomedical devices, printers, flat-panel displays, semiconductors devices and telecommunication systems. In particular, the use of excimer lasers has been at the forefront of the new developments in the manufacture of complex micro-structures for the production of micro-optical-electro-mechanical-systems units such as nozzles, optical devices and sensors. This paper reviews the fundamentals of excimer laser micromachining techniques and details recent developments which have enhanced the capabilities of these approaches. Application areas where these techniques are of interest are highlighted.


A smart layer for monitoring the integrity of composite structures is presented. The smart layer consists of both hardware and software. The hardware of the smart layer is made of dielectric films with an embedded network of distributed piezoelectric ceramics (PZT). A manufacturing technique based on a circuit printing technique that is used in the electronics industry has been developed to fabricate the layer. During the manufacturing of the composites, the smart layer can be laid down between plies or on the surface of the laminates. Photographs of a smart layer 30 inches wide and 36 inches long and a composite plate containing the smart layer after cure is shown in Figure 1.


In the middle decades of the nineteenth century, as slavery was disappearing elsewhere in the New World, slave-based plantation production of sugar in Cuba reached remarkable heights of technological sophistication and output. In 1868 Cuba produced 720,250 metric tons of sugar, more than 40 percent of the cane sugar reaching the world market in that year. Yet just as production reached these levels, the abolition of slavery in Cuba was initiated, beginning a process of slave emancipation that was to last nearly twenty years. Yet just as production reached these levels, the abolition of slavery in Cuba was initiated, beginning a process of slave emancipation that was to last nearly twenty years. This concurrence of events raises the question, What was the relationship between slavery and the development of sugar production, and why did emancipation in Cuba take place when and as it did?


In this paper, a new superlinearly convergent algorithm for nonlinearly constrained optimization problems is presented. The search directions are directly computed by a few formulas, and neither quadratic programming nor linear equation need to be sovled. Under mild assumptions, the new algorithm is shown to possess global and superlinear convergence.


The paper will clarify the ice cream making STEM education learning activities which provide through Sutaphan nad Yuenyong [11] context based STEM education learning approach. This approach consists of 7 stages including (1) Identification of social issues, (2) Identification of potential solution, (3) Need for knowledge, (4) Decision-making, (5) Development of prototype or product, (6) Test and evaluation of the solution, and (7) Socialization and completion decision stage. Icecream STEM Education Learning Activity will bring students to practice integrated knowledge among chemistry, mathematics, art, and economics in order to design their products of icecream. This may has implication for organizing STEM education in school setting.


ABSTRACT The authors of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) viewed the key to effective response to be a contingency plan developed by all stakeholders. OPA 90 laid the groundwork for developing...


In this paper, I would like to explore a comparison of the issues of quickness and festina lente as metaphoric or analogous for the computer and its use. Computers in the twenty first century are a vital part of architecture whether used for conception or realization. We as architects and educators must cont inually question their use in the design process and their appropriateness for visualization. We can know and understand more about the role of computers in our discipline, by seeing them in relation to ideas of quickness and festina lente. Italo Calvino in Six Memos for the Next Millennium defines quickness as having several qualities, the most important being economy of expression, time as relative, swift reasoning and consciousness. This involves quickness as being both 'intelligent and witty,' a matter of physical speed versus speed of the mind. The dichotomy of swiftness and slowness may help us question how these two elements are not necessarily adverse but rather by being understood together, they may help us better appreciate the strengths of the computer in architecture.


The Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder 2 (SMILES-2) is a satellite mission that will be proposed to the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for a launch after 2023 [1]. If realized, it will scan the atmospheric limb from the lower stratosphere to the lower thermosphere for retrieving the profiles of temperature between 15 and 160 km, horizontal wind vector (30-160 km), ground state atomic oxygen (90-160 km), and dynamical-tracers and ozone-chemistry related species (15-120 km). The atmosphere will be observed with two antennas pointing at perpendicular directions for retrieving the 2d wind vector. In this study we are interested in the retrievals from the molecular oxygen (O2) and atomic oxygen (OI) lines selected for SMILES-2. The O2 line at 487 or 774 GHz will be used for measuring temperature, wind and O2 abundance up to ∼120 km. The OI lines is that at 2.06 THz allowing us to retrieve temperature, wind and the ground-state of OI between 90 and 160 km. The lines are transitions between rotational states associated with the non-zero electronic spin of the molecule or atom. These degenerated states are split into fine structure levels by the geomagnetic field, the so called Zeeman splitting. The signal is polarized and non isotropic, and consequently the measured lineshape depends on the line-of-sight orientation with respect to the geomagnetic field and on the receiver polarization (linear and circular for the THz and sub-millimeter receivers, respectively). Simulations will be presented to assess the retrieval performances with a special focus on these effects.