Whole body hyperthermia therapy (WBHT) is the elevation of the core body temperature to 42°C. In vitro studies have confirmed that 42°C is cytocidal for virally infected lymphocytes, and even more effective when heating is repeated 4 days later. The safety and efficacy of two successive sessions of WBHT (4 days apart) was evaluated in 30 patients with AIDS (not on protease inhibitors), randomized to: 1) untreated controls, 2) low temperature WBHT for 1 hour at 40°C and repeated 96 hours later, and 3) high temperature WBHT for 1 hour at 42°C and repeated 96 hours later. The sorbent suspension in the ThermoChem System (HemoCleanse, West Lafayette, IN) system automatically controlled blood phosphate, calcium, and other electrolyte concentrations during WBHT. In 1 year of follow-up after WBHT, there were positive effects of the therapy on frequency of AIDS defining events, Karnofsky score, and weight maintenance. However, effects on plasma HIV RNA and CD4 counts were transient. Two successive WBHT treatments were performed in four patients who were on protease inhibitor/triple drug therapy, but had suboptimal response. In follow-up for 6 months, plasma HIV RNA and CD4 improved after WBHT, and the patients remained clinically well. This WBHT may have specific advantages in patients with suboptimal response to protease inhibitor therapy. ASAIO Journal 1997; 43:M830-M838.


Floods are a major obstacle to agriculture and food security of Nigeria. Thus, this study assesses the effect of vulnerability to floods on profitability of farming households in Kwara state, Nigeria.. Descriptive statistics, partial farm budget analyses and t-test were the analytical tools employed to achieve the research objectives. The result indicated that all the enterprises, except sole rice (E1) enterprise yielded a positive average returns to farmer's labour and management (RLM). The maize/cowpea (E5) enterprise has the highest RLM (N7, 691/ha), while the sole rice (E1) enterprise has a negative RLM (-N4, 481/ha). The, maize/cowpea (E5) and sole rice (E1) enterprises are the most profitable enterprise among the vulnerable and non vulnerable households respectively. Overall the non vulnerable households have a higher estimated RLM than those of the vulnerable households. The t-test showed that the means are significant at 1% level. There is a large and widening vulnerability gap between well-off people and the poor. It is vital to the sustainable development effort that this gap is addressed, as well as vulnerability itself. Policies that reduce the vulnerability of the poor should be given priority. This is in keeping with the general priority being given to poverty reduction as essential to sustainable development. Also, policies that would promote flood insurance schemes, diversification as well as facilitate the development of infrastructures among farming households should therefore be encouraged.


We present the abnormal sonographic findings in the brain of a 26-week fetus, which increased the suspicion of isolated lissencephaly. The woman had a history of prednisolone use in early pregnancy, and conceived with copper containing intra uterine device. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography revealed hypoplastic cerebral parenchyma, and cortical agyria suggesting lissencephaly. Cordocentesis showed a normal 46, XY karyotype, and no deletion of chromosome 17 was detected. Post-mortem examination of the fetus confirmed prenatal US and MRI findings. Early detection of fetal microcephaly can be a sign of lissencephaly and need to be evaluated carefully with fetal MRI, and US.


Food consumption is not only measured by the quantity consumed but also by how consumers make decisions in purchasing food. This article studies consumer purchasing behavior in association with socio economics determinants with respect to selected livestock products foods. In this study, the primary data were collected by the structured questionnaire and conducted to 366 households' respondent. Simple statistical analysis such as descriptive statistical analysis, frequency distribution, cross tabulation, and analysis of variance analysis was used to assess socio-demographic factor and the consumers' purchasing decision for beef, chicken, and egg products. Results indicate that a higher income and educational level of consumers influences their decisions on expensive food such as beef while gender and education seems to have no significant impact on common food such as chicken and egg which are most frequently purchased from nearby markets even for chicken with delivery service are preferred by the respondent


The invention provides a developing roller. The developing roller comprises a metal central spindle, and a conductive elastomer covering the metal central spindle, wherein a conductive agent in the conductive elastomer is a mixture containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate and polyethyleneglycol with an amount being 5% to 50% of weight parts of the conductive elastomer, wherein the ratio of the tetrabutylammonium perchlorate to polyethyleneglycol is equal to 2:8 to 6:4. The invention also provides an imaging device including the developing roller. The developing roller provided by the invention has uniform electric property, can adjust the electric property to obtain uniform resistance, and can ensure that the resistance of the developing roller has low environmental dependency and low voltage dependency, i.e. excellent environmental stability and voltage stability, without increasing hardness of the elastomer. Additionally, the developing roller can prevent the conductive agent from being separated out, and a photosensitive drum is not contaminated, thereby effectively obviating printing defects, such as nonuniform printed images. An imaging apparatus using the developing roller has the advantages of uniform density of printed images, high image quality and high quality.


Application scenarios for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) impose a variety of non-standard security requirements. Furthermore, in many scenarios owner and user of devices do not always have physical control over the device. Therefore,security in MANETs should be rooted in hardware security anchors. For current PC architectures a relatively cheap hardware anchor is readily available, the so-called trusted platform module TPM as standardized by the Trusted computingGroup. This paper shows that TPMs can provide the basis for rather complex security mechanisms that can support a variety of security properties in MANETs. In addition to straightforward requirements like authenticity or confidential storage of data on the device, also more complicated requirements like unlinkability of multiple identities or restrictions to the validity of identitycertificates are discussed.


Introduction: Entrepreneurship is recognized by the European Union as one of the eight key competences for lifelong learning. Research on entrepreneurship started in the field of economics, although in recent decades the individual skills and attitudes it involves have become more important and there has been more interest in teaching and learning about the subject. Although some research has found a positive relationship between Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and entrepreneurial behavior, the relationship is not clear and the results are contradictory. The level of entrepreneurial initiative shown prior to any EE seems to be the variable that best explains the different results. Objective: The aim of this paper is to determine which individual differences can best identify those university students with a strong entrepreneurial attitude. Method: The sample was made up of 514 students from six Spanish universities, who were divided into two groups corresponding to individuals with high and low entrepreneurial intention. A step-by-step logistic regression analysis was performed resulting in a model in which the variables of emotional repair, low neuroticism and agreeableness were significant. Results: This model allows us to correctly forecast 62.20% of cases. Discussion: These findings are important for work on models that allow us to identify the profiles of potential entrepreneurs. The results are interesting in terms of the relationship between entrepreneurial education and intention and the investigation of whether an entrepreneurial intention profile, such as the one found in this research, could improve EE results and facilitate the transition from intention to action in entrepreneurial behavior.


There are two attitudes of urban novels in the 1990s when facing growing modernized metropolis.One is to observe the city by a native perspective,then question the value of the city;the other is that people feel repression of modern city,and raise the problem of people's variability.Both of the attitudes reflect the one-dimensional understanding of Chinese urban novels in the 1990s.


4-Phenylseleno- and 4-phenyltelluro-benzonitrile are prepared in 57 and 42% yields respectively, by electrochemically induced aromatic nucleophilic substitution in acetonitrile with sonication.


The influence of 600 r total-body x-irradiation on the formation and excretion of N' -melhylnicotinarnide (N' MeNA) was investigated. A significant increase in the urinary excretion of N'-MeNA (67.5 per cent) was observed after irradiation. 8tudies of the in vitro N'-MeNA synthesis in liver homogenates revealed that synthetic activity decreased by 19.0 per cent in irradiated rats killed 1 hour later. Addition of ATP or glutathione to the reaction medium could not restore the diminished N'MeNA synthesis, suggesting that the immediate fall in the synthesis of N'-MeNA was probably due to impairment of the enzymes involved in this methylation process. In vitro N'-MeNA synthesis at 20 and 24 hours after x-irradiation, however, was increased by 32.2 and 52.8 per cent respectively. This was corroborated by in vivo studies, which showed 40.5 per cent rise in N'-MeNA synthesis in xirradiated rats. The evidence presented spems to indicate that in addition to the radiochemical degradation of methionine, the acceleration of transmethylation processes may be responsible for the lowering of methionine levels in xirradiated animals. (auth)


The electrical conductivities of molten cadmium—cadmium halide solutions were determined as a function of composition and temperature to 1000°C. The composition ranges studied were 0–20, 0–30, and 0–15 mole % Cd for the chloride, bromide, and iodide systems, respectively. The specific conductivity increased with temperature in all systems at all compositions. In the chloride system, the conductivity decreased below 800°C but increased above 900°C as the cadmium concentration increased. In the bromide and iodide system the conductivity increased monotonically with composition at all temperatures. The conductivity and activation energy for conduction in the metal—salt solutions deviated only a small amount from that of the pure salt. Thus, electronic conduction does not appear to be a major conductivity mechanism in the Cd—CdX2 systems in the temperature and concentration range studied.


The treatment of paediatric T lineage ALL has improved considerably in recent years. However, a significant proportion of children continue to fail therapy and intensification of treatment regimens may only lead to an increase in the incidence of adverse risk effects. Therefore, it is necessary to increase our understanding of the early stages of development of this malignancy and its pathogenic mechanisms. In the current study we have established and characterised continuous xenografts from 6 patients with childhood T-ALL as a renewable source of leukaemia cells that retain the essential characteristics of the original disease. Unsorted cells from 6 children diagnosed with T-ALL were inoculated into the lateral tail vein of sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. From two weeks post-inoculation onwards, engraftment levels in the peripheral blood (PB) were monitored by serial tail vein sampling and bone marrow (BM) aspirates were analysed from 4 weeks post inoculation. All animals were sacrificed no later than 10 weeks post inoculation. Human CD45 + cells were first detected 2 weeks after inoculation (1.6–5% CD45 + ) in animals injected with cells from two of the six patients. By week 4, CD45 + cells were detected in the PB from animals injected with cells from all 6 patients (2–22% CD45 + ) and higher levels were detected in the BM aspirates (5–52% CD45 + ). In each case, the levels of human cell engraftment increased with time and by week 10 significant levels of CD45 + cells were detected in NOD/SCID BM (30–99% CD45 + ). Flow cytometric and FISH analyses confirmed that the engrafted cells had a similar immunophenotype and karyotype as the diagnostic samples, confirming engraftment of leukaemia cells. BM cells harvested from the primary animals were subsequently used in serial transplantation studies to determine whether T-ALL could be transferred into serial recipients. To date, secondary and tertiary transplant experiments have resulted in similar levels of engraftment with no loss of NOD/SCID repopulating potential in all 6 cases. Cells from 2 patients have been used in quaternary, quinary and senary transplants with similar results (57–99% CD45 + ) and no changes observed in either the rate of engraftment nor the immunophenotype or karyotype of the passaged cells. Molecular analyses were performed on the diagnostic samples and cells from the established xenografts to screen for the presence of unique T cell receptor gamma ( TCRG ) gene rearrangements, present in approximately 95% of T-ALL patients. The PCR products were subjected to heteroduplex analysis for clonality assessment followed by sequencing of monoclonal products. The exact junctional rearrangement was established by comparison with all known human TCRG germline sequences. Results to date have indicated that the unique rearrangements detected at diagnosis were also found in cells harvested from primary, secondary and tertiary xenografts. Analyses of cells from successive xenografts are ongoing to determine whether the unique genotype remains stable. These findings demonstrate that the immunophenotype, karyotype and genotype of 6 paediatric T-ALL cases were preserved with multiple serial passages in NOD/SCID mice. These continuous xenografts retained the fundamental biological characteristics of the original disease and thus could be a valuable experimental model system to augment our knowledge of the biology and regulation of paediatric T-ALL and a credible tool for the preclinical evaluation of novel agents.


The Mommen Company was a main actor in the Brussels art scene of the late 19th century. In their capacities as frame makers, art suppliers, art carriers and landlords, Felix Mommen and his relatives were intrinsically linked to the different stages of the 19th-century artistic practice, and therefore valuable for the reconstruction of the path of the work of art from its creation to its 'consumption'. The professional relationship between the Mommens and their artistic clientele involved a particular behavioural pattern.


By All Accounts: General Stores and Community Life in Texas and Indian Territory. By Linda English. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013. Pp. [xii], 268. $29.95, ISBN 978-0-8061-4352-1.) Oysters, Macaroni, and Beer: Thurber, Texas, and the Company Store. By Gene Rhea Tucker. Foreword by Richard Francaviglia. Plains Histories. (Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2012. Pp. [xviii], 185. $34.95, ISBN 978-0-89672-768-7.) Mercantile establishments in late-nineteenth-century rural America exerted a profound influence as the economic and social heart of many communities, offering a wide variety of services, solidifying values, and providing links to outside influences. Linda English and Gene Rhea Tucker explore different aspects of the mercantile role in the expansive region of Texas and Indian Territory, an area defined by a range of social, economic, and cultural conditions as the borderland of the American South, West, and Great Plains. However, both authors also access the common thread of merchants as builders of communities and purveyors of values in different social and economic contexts. Linda English's By All Accounts: General Stores and Community Life in Texas and Indian Territory investigates the salient social and cultural dynamics at play in the daily lives of largely rural inhabitants through their interactions with the local general store during the 1870s and 1880s. Using ledger books from general stores in widely dispersed communities extending from Indian Territory to the Texas Gulf Coast, English exposes embedded representations of race, gender, class, and rising consumerism found among store transactions in a contested region. The storekeepers were a diverse group, from former cotton nabobs to "frontier opportunists," who usually functioned as the local elite (p. 51). Merchants were not only purveyors of goods and credit but also builders of local institutions and keepers of middle-class and Gilded Age values. However, the nature of the merchant's past and present business varied greatly to accommodate local economic and business conditions. Storekeepers in East Texas had deep ties to the cotton South; West Texas merchants emerged from and serviced the cattle-raising regime; and Indian Territory traders might even marry into a Native American nation to access local power structures and tribal assets. English excels in the analysis of the store transactions to show how these interactions expose key social and economic elements in the symbiotic relationship between merchants and their customers. Addressing postbellum racial concerns, English makes a case for the unequal status of ethnic minorities, as storekeepers often made special notations such as colored on patrons' accounts or failed to record their black and Hispanic customers' proper titles such as Mr. or Mrs., using their given names only. Interestingly, storekeepers in Indian Territory recorded whether a customer was a member of the local tribal hierarchy or a citizen in transaction records, while members of other tribes were merely Indians. …


The numerous and efficient barriers to local and systemic drug delivery to the eye make the development of sustained release systems a highly challenging issue.1,2 Up to now, contact lenses (CLs) can be considered as the devices that can stay on the eye for more time with good patient compliance. Th...


Integrated modeling is required for predicting the behavior of burning plasma in fusion devices. Core plasma transport modeling is a key component which describes the time evolution of plasma profile. Between the simple 1D diffusive transport model and the large-scale microscopic turbulent transport simulation, advanced transport modeling which requires decent computational resource is desired. Two approaches, 1D fluid transport modeling and 3D kinetic transport modeling, are discussed.


e Protection of Indigenous Peoples in International Law, 59 ZaöRV 369 (1999). 2 Id., at 369. 3 As to the reulting problems see the classical study by B. Davidson, Th e Black Man's Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation State (1992). 4 See also P. Keal, European Conquest and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, at 84–112, 156–184 (2003). THE PROTECTION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW REVISITED–FROM NON-DISCRIMINATION TO SELF-DETERMINATION


The relevant properties of anodized aluminium alloys as insulated metal substrates for hybrid microelectronic circuits are the high thermal conductivity of the metal base, the high heat emissivity and high mechanical strength of the anodic film, their low density and the low cost of manufacturing large circuits. The electrical and mechanical properties have been discussed in Part 1. The purpose of this paper is to describe the primary investigation of the behaviour of screen printed thick film circuit components on routinely prepared anodized aluminium alloy substrates.


As part of Stena Line's commitment to diversity and equal opportunities, the company has become a partner to EuroPride 2018.


The synthesis of the first dinucleotide with a pentacoordinated phosphorus as the internucleoside linkage is described. 31P-NMR measurements revealed that the phosphorus pseudorotation proceeds with rapid stereomutation.


Objective:To study the method for determination of ammonia in the workplace air from the Chinese occupation health standard.Methods: The aqueous-diluted acid solution was selected as absorption liquid,the colour reaction was realized by Nessler′s reagent after adding potassium sodium tartrate solution and spectrophotometric method was employed for the determination of ammonia in the workplace air.Results: After the experiment,the minimum detectable ammonia concentration of this method was 1.0 μg.In instantaneous sampling(sampling volume 7.5 L),the lowest density reached 0.67 mg/m3.The recoveries of the high-mid-low concentration ranged from 95% to 103%,the RSDs were less than 5%and the uncertainties were 24.0 μg±0.3 μg,10.2 μg±0.3 μg and 2.1 μg±0.2 μg(k=2),respectively.Conclusion: Based on the modified method,it is simple,accurate and able to meet a requirement for the determination of ammonia in the workplace air.


Forest landscape visualization involves the rendering of realistic or abstract images that represent an underlying dataset of forest environments. The dataset may be the product of physical measurements of the real world, or it can be the product of a computational model. Visual images are regarded as being relatively easily interpreted by humans and help people understand complex data and processes. This study used a 3D computer cartographic technique to compile data of the terrain, buildings, roads, and plants in the core area of the Shanping Ecological Scientific Garden (SESG) in the Liukuei Research Center, southwestern Taiwan. SketchUp software was used to build 3D object models and assign allocation to the objects based on a geographic survey. Keyhole Markup Language and Google Earth were also used to generate digitized virtual scenery images. With the aid of the forest landscape simulation system we developed, people could quite easily visit the virtual world of the SESG at home. Finally, 2 scenarios of nursery management in the SESG were designed in this study. It is expected that the 3D simulation technique developed in this study can be utilized in forest recreational areas to design scenarios and elicit public discussion on landscape planning.


A 53-year-old lady presented with a 5cm by 4cm erythematous, annular skin lesion with central clearance on the posterior aspect of her right arm (Figure 1). The patient was known to suffer from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), controlled by a stable regimen of hydroxychloroquine 200mg twice daily, mycophenolic acid 360mg twice daily and prednisolone 5mg daily. The only cutaneous manifestation of her disease had been a malar rash at diagnosis nineteen years previously. The lesion started as a pruritic, erythematous papule on the posterior aspect of her right arm, coinciding with the exact location at which an influenza vaccine had been administered three days previously.


The article presents the results of an empirical study carried out within the "Open Research Platform" (ORP) subproject of "European Collaborative and Open regional Innovation Strategies" (EURIS). In the frame of this subproject a survey was carried out to investigate companies' technology transfer practices with universities in four regions of the European Union, i.e. Navarra (Spain), Lodz region (Poland), Stuttgart region (Germany) and Western-Transdanubia (Hungary). The main objectives of the investigation were to explore: i) to what extent knowledge transfer activities at higher education institutions and research organizations serve the open innovation model? and ii) what the role is of higher education institutions in the technology transfer system of the examined regions? In the first section, the relevance of the survey under the open innovation paradigm is discussed then the main conclusions of the survey are presented. Finally, an open innovation collaboration model is introduced that provides both companies and universities with some suggestions to make their collaboration more effective.


Classification has applications in a wide range of fields including medicine, engineering, computer science and social sciences among others. In statistical terms, classification is inference about the unknown parameters, i.e., the true classes of future objects. Hence, various standard statistical approaches can be used, such as point estimators, confidence sets and decision theoretic approaches. For example, a classifier that classifies a future object as belonging to only one of several known classes is a point estimator. The purpose of this paper is to propose a confidence-set-based classifier that classifies a future object into a single class only when there is enough evidence to warrant this, and into several classes otherwise. By allowing classification of an object into possibly more than one class, this classifier guarantees a pre-specified proportion of correct classification among all future objects. An example is provided to illustrate the method, and a simulation study is included to highlight the desirable feature of the method.


The algebra of invariants of d-tuples of n × n skew-symmetric matrices under the action of the orthogonal group by simultaneous conjugation is considered over an infinite field of characteristic different from two. For n = 3 and d > 0 a minimal set of generators is established. A homogeneous system of parameters (i.e. an algebraically independent set such that the algebra of invariants is a finitely generated free module over subalgebra generated by this set) is described for n = 3 and d > 0, for n = 4 and d = 2, 3, for n = 5 and d = 2.


In order to systematically learn how the students extracurricular sports was going,the author carried out this probe based on the students in his city.The method he used is questionnaire and interview.By comparing the students 'extracurricular sports before and after the curriculum reform,we can find 80% of the students are interest- ed in it,which has been greatly improved.Keeping fit,adjusting psychology and entertainment are the main value orientation of the students in our college,while the lack of places and sports equipment is the main obstacle.It sug- gests that we should greatly improve the sports equipment and P.E.lessons should be more practical and interest- ing.


While numerous studies have found significant findings on the maladaptive nature of rumination, few studies have examined ethnic variations and differences. Therefore, the present research sought to examine ethnic differences in rumination between Asian and European Americans. In Study 1, 184 Asian American and 238 European American college students participated in the study. Consistent with our expectations, Asian Americans were found to ruminate more than European Americans. However, despite Asian Americans' greater frequency of rumination, rumination in Asian Americans was found to have weaker associations with measures of psychological functioning (viz., affectivity, depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, & life satisfaction) than rumination in European Americans. Additionally, regression analysis showed that rumination is a more unique and useful predictor of functioning in Asian Americans than European Americans. In Study 2, we sought to examine the mechanism through which rumination affects psychological functioning, as well as any potential cultural differences in rumination. In total, 125 Asian American and 150 European American college students participated in the study. Path-analytic results indicated that social problem-solving completely or partially mediated the link between rumination and psychological functioning for both Asian and European Americans. Overall, our findings demonstrate important ethnic differences and similarities in rumination that need to be considered in studying rumination in Asian Americans. RUMINATION AND ETHNICITY 3 Examining the Relations between Rumination and Adjustment: A Focus on Ethnicity Research and interest in rumination has grown steadily over the years, resulting in hundreds of scholarly articles and scientific publications to date (see Nolen-Hoeksema, 2008, for a review). As proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema's (1987) Response Styles Theory, rumination is characterized by self-reflection, as well as the repetitive and passive focus on one's own negative emotions (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991, 2000). The ruminative response style refers to a stable tendency to respond to negative life events and negative mood states with ruminative thinking and negative thoughts, thus resulting in an increased vulnerability to experience prolonged and more severe episodes or symptoms of depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, Morrow, & Fredrickson, 1993). Consistently, research on rumination has shown it to be maladaptive in nature, often having significant associations with depressive symptoms (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000), greater anxious symptoms (Abbott & Rapee, 2004), increased suicide ideation (Miranda & NolenHoeksema, 2007), and greater hopelessness (Smith, Alloy, & Abramson, 2006). Additionally, rumination has been associated with less life satisfaction (Ysseldyk, Matheson, & Anisman, 2007), fewer expectations for positive events (Lyubomirsky & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1995), and lower levels of happiness (Elliott & Coker, 2008). While these studies provide significant and robust findings (Smith & Alloy, 2009), a crucial yet often neglected aspect in studying psychological constructs is the examination of these constructs across different cultural groups. Indeed, within the rumination literature, few studies compare ethnicities. As the previously described studies have largely focused on Westerners, typically European Americans, there is reason to believe that those findings may not extend to all populations. In fact, research by Markus and Kitayama (1991) provide a compelling portrait of fundamental group differences between Easterners and Westerners. Historically, Eastern cultures foster a view of the individual RUMINATION AND ETHNICITY 4 as interdependent with society, where fitting in is not only valued, but often required and expected. On the other hand, Western cultures foster a view of the individual as an independent, self-contained, autonomous entity that is the result of his or her own actions (Markus & Kitayama, 1991). More specifically, the difference lays in the perceived notion of the self: the Eastern view reflects interdependence, while the Western view reflects independence (Markus & Kitayama, 1991). Considering this difference in the fundamental perception of the self and pairing it with the idea that the self forms the basis of how individuals may act, feel, and ultimately behave, we can expect Easterners to differ from Westerners with regard to affect, cognitions, and behavior (Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Triandis, 1995). Stemming from the contrasting views of interdependence versus independence, the notion of self-criticism versus self-enhancement, respectively, is introduced. From individualistic cultures that support self-enhancement, empirical research revealed that a heightened sense of self-efficacy and optimism often results in enhanced achievements (Taylor & Brown, 1988; Zimmerman, Bandura, & Martinez-Pons, 1992). While research suggests that self-enhancement, or a positive focus, may improve the self, research that is specifically crosscultural in nature has found that a negative focus, such as self-criticism, may also be effective for improving oneself (Heine et al., 2001). Instead of assuming that all self-critical behaviors are maladaptive, research by Kitayama, Markus, Matsumoto, and Norasakkunkit (1997) found that self-criticism can be a constructive process for the Japanese. More specifically, Kitayama et al. (1997) argued that by being self-critical, Japanese individuals obtain information vital for maintaining and supporting the group, as well as helping oneself focus on areas of weakness. In addition, researchers have found that Easterners tend to have a pessimistic bias, whereas Westerners to have a more optimistic bias (Chang & Asakawa, 2003). In further support of RUMINATION AND ETHNICITY 5 group differences, greater pessimism was associated with greater problem-solving activity when Easterners faced stressful situations, while greater pessimism was associated with lesser problem-solving when Westerners faced similar situations (Chang, 1996). Recent cross-cultural studies have found differences between Easterners' and Westerners' levels of affectivity and various psychological constructs (Chang, Sanna, & Yang, 2003; Okazaki, 2002). For example, Asian Americans score significantly higher on popular measures of depressive symptoms (Okazaki, 2002) and measures of pessimism (Chang et al., 2003). In aggregate, previous research may suggest an elevated level of rumination for Asian Americans. Specifically, Asian Americans may report greater frequencies of rumination given their tendency to self-criticize, whereas European Americans may report relatively lesser frequencies of rumination given their tendency to self-enhance. Indeed, in a study of anger rumination, Maxwell, Sukhodolsky, Chow, and Wong (2005) found that Chinese students reported greater anger rumination than British students. However, because their study focused on anger rumination, and not rumination associated with negative mood (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000), direct implications toward the present research cannot be made. Therefore, the function of rumination in Asian Americans remains unclear. Similar to the findings of Kitayama et al. (1997) that not all self-critical behaviors and cognitions are maladaptive, Okazaki (2002) and Chang (1996) found that increased levels of depressive symptoms and pessimistic bias do not translate to more maladjustment. Instead, these findings suggest a difference in the baseline level of these psychological constructs. On a broader level, rumination has been found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms (e.g., rs = .33 to .63; Chang, 2003; Ciesla & Roberts, 2007; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Spasojevic & Alloy, 2001). In an experimental study by Lyubomirsky and Nolen-Hoeksema RUMINATION AND ETHNICITY 6 (1995), dysphoric participants induced to ruminate endorsed negatively biased interpretations of hypothetical situations, were more pessimistic about positive events in the future, and generated less effective solutions to interpersonal problems than participants who were induced to be distracted from their mood. However, non-dysphoric participants who were induced to ruminate did not show differences in post-test scores. As a result, dysphoria can be inferred as an important precursor for rumination to be effective in bringing about depressive symptoms in individuals. By extension, given the importance of dysphoria in the functionality of rumination, the existing disparities between Asian and European Americans in research on negative affectivity and depressive symptoms may suggest functional differences in rumination between the two groups. Given the elevated levels of depressive symptoms in Asian Americans, it is unclear whether induced rumination on already dysphoric Asian Americans will impair social problemsolving. In other words, if dysphoria for Asian Americans does not posit greater maladjustment, then rumination may not impact social problem-solving as well. According to D'Zurilla, Nezu, and Maydeu-Olivares (2004), social problem-solving refers to problem-solving as it occurs in the real world. As social problem-solving is defined as the self-generated, cognitive-affectivebehavioral process by which a person attempts to discover effective ways of coping, its relationship with rumination seems inseparable. Therefore, it may be useful to investigate a model of functioning involving social problem-solving. While research has shown that rumination may impair social problem-solving in European Americans, rumination and social problem-solving may utilize similar processes and mechanisms that serve as an adaptive coping style for Asian Americans. Overall Goals of the Present Research RUMINATION AND ETHNICITY 7 Given the potential differences between Easterners and Westerners on rumination, the purpose of the present research is to examine ethnic group differences between Asian an


The further development of a society is not possible without higher education development. In particular, necessity introduction in the higher schools of an obligatory special course «Ecological culture of ability to live of the person» has come is a kind and a way of ability to live of the person at which the society forms system moral and material assets, mechanisms, rules of law and the social institutes which are not creating threats for quality of environment and a life on the Earth.


A method and a device for transmitting metadata in a WFD are provided. Particularly, a WFD source forms a WFD frame including a WFD header and metadata. The WFD source transmits, to a WFD sink, a packet stream created by packetizing a metadata stream including the WFD frame. The WFD header includes a metadata structure field and a metadata update indicator. The metadata structure field indicates whether the metadata has a video metadata structure or an audio metadata structure. The metadata update indicator indicates that previous metadata is updated such that all of the previous metadata is replaced with new metadata, or that the previous metadata is incrementally updated together with updated metadata.


The sea level has risen notably in recent decades compared to the most recent millennia. This poses serious threats to infrastructure, local jobs, environment and human population over the next century, especially in coastal zones. In this paper, the most up-to-date understanding of the climate system and climate change was used to investigate impacts of sea level rise on potential land loss along the Caribbean and Pacific coastlines of Colombia. Sea level rise projections published in August 2021 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in the Sixth Assessment Report were used to identify the area at risk of land loss. Moreover, the potential socio-economic implications of these changes were discussed in regions affected by the projected sea level rises. We examined five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for the 21st century (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5. SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). Our results suggest a sea level rise of 1.04 m in the worst-case scenario (SSP5-8.5) which would threaten an area of 2840.64 km 2 . The land use in the affected zones was determined. The area at risk will impact 12 departments or 86 municipalities with different social, environmental, economic, and cultural conditions along the coastline of Colombia, that need to be considered when devising and implementing mitigation policies.


Quality of 3 multiple digestive enzyme capsules (PA, ST, HO) were compared in terms of their digestive activities in the digestive organs where the enzymes are dissolved, as well as of weight variations and protease potency variations (20 capsules for each sample). In pharmaceutical quality, PA was most excellent, followed by ST and HO, in that order, but amilase of PA must be improved. ST was noted for its long-sustained digestive activity. HO had weak digestive activity except for acid protease activity, and its dose should he 2-4 times as high as that of PA or


This paper focuses on a change process used by one University department to upgrade geriatrics education in their residency program. The essential steps in the process are obtaining administrative support, involving the faculty and trainees throughout the process, collecting systematic needs assessment data, validating the results of the needs assessment data, developing an action plan coming from the agreed upon needs and implementing the educational interventions. With the application of this process, there can be a real improvement in education in aging and health. Observations coming from faculty and residents' needs assessment and site visits raise issues for training and for interdisciplinary work. These issues relate to the need to plan educational activities which may be apart from service commitments.


We describe variations in the structure and formation mechanism of alumina nanowires (ANWs) formed from porous anodic alumina (PAA) membranes, depending on the composition of the etching solution. Two types of ANWs were synthesized by etching PAA membranes in etching solutions containing H3PO4 or NaOH. Not only did the ANW formation mechanism vary, but also the morphological properties and the surface chemical composition of the ANWs varied with the etching solution used. These results suggest that the ANW surfaces may be optimized by the appropriate selection of etching solution. The optimization of ANWs may potentially advance, for example, water purification technological developments because ANWs have, in recent studies, provided more effective filtration performances than nanoporous alumina membrane filters.


A 59-year-old woman with acute ischaemia of the lower limb very rapidly followed by a multiple organ dysfunction syndromes due to circulatory shock was referred to our department to assess sus-pected multiple peripheral emboli. She had atrial fibrillation and his-tory of rheumatic mitral valve stenosis operated in 1996 and underwent a mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis (Sorin Bicarbon valve no. 27) without any complication such as cardiac thrombus or thromboembolic events. She had long-term anticoagulation with warfarin which was hard to stabilize with an INR value frequently less than 2. Electrocardiogram-gated thoraco-abdominal computed tomography ( Panel A ) showed a huge floating spherical smooth-surfaced solid mass (4.7 cm (cid:2) 4.2cm) trapped in a patent foramen ovale


Use the methods of literature and logical analysis,this paper analyzed the British cultivative system from the aspects of the training institutions,training category,training objectives and content for swimming teachers,and found that British swimming teachers'training system had many characteristics for developed instruction,abundance training content,independent training institution,the trend of specialized teachers.Through a comparative analysis about the training system between Chinese and British,identify gaps,the paper provides some theoretical reference for the reformation and improvement of the training system for the swimming teachers in our country.


Least Square Kinetic Upwind Method (LSKUM) is one class of mesh-less approach to solve compressible-Euler equations of gas dynamics. LSKUM is kinetic theory based upwind scheme that operates on any cloud of points. The present solver uses single step modified CIR (MCIR) scheme which is similar to first order LSKUM formulation and provides spatial accuracy closer to second order. The explicit time integration schemes like four stage Runge-Kutta (RK4) is slow in convergence. The implicit schemes offer superior robustness and faster convergence. The implicit Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) scheme is very attractive for its low numerical complexity, moderate memory requirement and unconditional stability for linear wave equation. It is based on the factorization of the implicit operator in to three parts namely lower triangular matrix, upper triangular matrix and diagonal terms. The use of LU-SGS results in a matrix free implicit framework which is very economical as against other expensive procedure which necessarily involves matrix inversion. In the present work LU-SGS procedure is adopted for mesh-less approach and implemented in 2-D and 3-D solvers in matrix free framework. To assess the efficacy of implicit procedure, explicit and implicit 2-D solvers are tested on NACA 0012 airfoil for various flow conditions in subsonic and transonic regime. The computed 2-D results are validated against NASA experimental data and AGRAD test case. A maximum speed of close to 14 is achieved. 3-D implicit solver is tested on ONERA M6 wing. The computed results compare very well with experiments. To demonstrate the effectiveness of code in handling small gaps, implicit solver is used to compute flow past clipped delta wing with aileron deflection of 6 at Mach number of 0.9 and angle of attack of 3. The computed results are validated with NASA experiments.


Taylor transform method is introduced to solve nonlinear differential equation. With this method, the original dynamic analysis model of a structure is transformed to a set of algebraic equations in a discrete domain. Then, a new method is established to determine the boundary condition parameters of the structure, which can be solved from the linear equations. In this approach, the boundary condition parameters can be identified with response under the external applied excitation, while modal experiment is not needed. It means that only with the response data, the boundary condition parameters can be successfully identified. The comparison between the numerical solution and experimental test data shows the effectiveness and practical value of the proposed method.


Recent empirical researches show a positive relationship between the quality of governance and firm performance. The objective of this research is to study the reverse causality between different characteristics of board and performance. Instead looking at one simple mechanism separately, we use a system of simultaneous equations in order to detect a possible endogeneity. In a panel of 36 traded firms at Tunis Stock Exchange between 2004 and 2006, our results show a significant interdependence between board size, board independence and firm performance. In addition, the 3SLS estimator allows us to conclude that board influences performance. Also, our results show that firms change their board structure in response to firm performance.


RENAL concentrating ability in response to an antidiuretic stimulus presumably is limited by a maximum urine osmotic pressure or osmotic urine-plasma gradient or ratio. Hence, the determination of urine and plasma osmolality by freezing-point depression in the hydropenic state or after vasopressin administration should make possible the precise measurement of the concentrating function. Nevertheless, reported "normal" values for maximal osmolar concentrating ability have varied over a wide range.1 2 3 4 Possible causes for this variation include the effect of dietary protein,5 previous state of hydration,2 , 6 small changes in solute excretion7 and changes in renal blood flow or filtration rate.8 9 10 In the present . . .


In pot experiments in the greenhouse, four sugar beet cultivars (two susceptible to Rhizomania: 'Sonja', 'Alexa', and two tolerant ones: 'Corinna', 'Patricia') were sown into differently inoculated soils (with Polymyxa betae alone; and P. betae plus BSBV, BNYVV, BSBV + BNYVV, and soil with neither P. betae nor virus). When, after 10 weeks, plants had reached the 7-leaf-stage, they were transplanted to pots with the same inoculum, and half of the pots were additionally inoculated with the eggs/larvae of 200 cysts of Heterodera schachtii. Six months later, the number of nematode cysts per pot was counted, and the number of eggs/larvae per cyst. Finally, the fresh weight of the roots was measured. In the cultivars susceptible to Rhizomania, the development of nematode cysts was significantly reduced in soils inoculated with BNYVV or BSBV + BNYVV by an average of 70 %. In the susceptible cultivar 'Alexa', also inoculation with P. betae alone or with BSBV, reduced cyst numbers significantly by 61 %. In the cultivars tolerant to Rhizomania, nematode cyst numbers proved to be reduced, only when BNYVV was involved, at the average by 51 %. In the Rhizomania-susceptible cultivar Sonja' additionally the numbers of eggs/larvae in the cysts proved to be reduced by 20.5 %. In Rhizomania-susceptible beet cultivars, nematodes reduced the fresh weight of the roots only in healthy plants, and in soils inoculated with P. betae, and with BSBV. But when BNYVV was involved, the reductions of root weight had to be attributed to the viruses, prevailingly, and not to the nematodes. In the tolerant cultivars, no distinct effect of nematodes on the root weight could be stated. The inoculation with P. betae alone did not affect the root weight of the beets. In all, it can he said, that a heavy attack by Rhizomania-viruses reduces the propagation of H. schachtii. BNYVV is the most important virus in this respect.


The variation of the elastic properties of materials during large plastic deformations is associated, in damage theories, with the nucleation and development of microcracks and voids. It is well known that large plastic strains induce simultaneously a crystallographic texture which also modifies the overall elastic constants in the case of anisotropic single crystals. The purpose of this study is to describe the evolution of elastic moduli as a function of plastic strain due to the crystallographic texture formation Les grandes deformations plastiques induisent, simultanement a l'endommagement, des textures cristallographiques responsables d'une evolution des modules elastiques macroscopiques lorsque le comportement elastique local est anisotrope. Description de l'effet de la texture induite par traction sur l'evolution des modules elastiques dans les metaux cubiques a faces centrees


Since the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received a considerable attention because of their interesting properties such as high aspect ratio, electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical and mechanical stability1. Various low-dimensional carbon materials have been extensively studied to explore their applications as the electron source2,3. Recently, graphene have attracted enormous scientific attention on account of its extraordinary electronic and mechanical properties resulting from one-atom-thick layers and hexagonally arrayed sp2-hybridized carbon atom structure. Field emission studies on graphitic sheets have become important issue from the point of view of technological applications as well as fundamental sciences4. So far, a few papers has been paid to field emission studies of graphene sheet (thickness 1-2 nm)5, synthesized via composite approach which is scalable for vacuum microelectronics and other applications, because the difficulty of graphene dispersion in solvent as well as matrix.


Abstract The explicit exact analytic solution for harmonic perturbations from a line mass source in an incompressible inviscid two-dimensional linear shear is derived using a Fourier transform method. The two cases of an infinite shear flow and a semi-infinite shear flow over an impedance boundary are considered. For the free-field and hard-wall configurations, the pressure field is (in general) logarithmically diverging and its Fourier representation involves a diverging integral that is interpreted as an integral of generalized functions; this divergent behaviour is not present for a finite impedance boundary or if the frequency equals the mean flow shear rate. The dominant feature of the solution is the hydrodynamic wake caused by the shed vorticity of the source. For linear shear over an impedance boundary, in addition to the wake, (at most) two surface modes along the wall are excited. The implications for duct acoustics with flow over an impedance wall are discussed.


Coherent line‐narrowing methods are used to reduce the dipolar width of the 19F resonance in a number of powdered solids, disclosing the powder patterns arising from chemical shift anisotropy. The principal elements of the shielding tensors are reported and compared with previous experimental and theoretical results. In certain cases it has been possible to use the averaging induced by high‐temperature restricted rotation to assign the principal elements of the shielding tensor to directions in the molecular framework. In C6F6 the shielding tensor is axially symmetric within experimental error; σ‖–σ⊥ = 155 ppm, with the unique (‖) axis parallel to the molecular sixfold symmetry axis. In CF3CO>2−Ag+ we find σXX = − 3 ppm, σYY = − 67 ppm, σZZ = + 70 ppm, and 〈σ〉 = − 96 ppm referred to liquid C6F6. Here the Z axis is approximately along the C–F bond and the Y axis lies in the CCF plane.


Despite several decades of women's adopting traditionally masculine garments and styling, there are still many differences between what is considered appropriate dress for men and women. These differences may be obvious (women wear high-heeled shoes, men do not) or subtle (women's shirt buttons are sewn on the left, men's are sewn on the right). Children in our society begin to learn these distinctions before they have started school, as they begin to select their own clothing and dress themselves. Even in infancy, before the child can comprehend the meaning of such signals, pink or blue clothing identifies the baby's gender to all observers. All of these differences are usually described as "traditional," implying that they are long-standing cultural patterns. In the case of adult clothing, this is essentially true; most of the rules we observe today in choosing adult dress date back to the mid-nineteenth century or earlier. This is not the case with children's clothing. Until World War I, little boys were dressed in skirts and had long hair. Sexual "color coding" in the form of pink or blue clothing for infants was not common in this country until the 1920s; before


When people search for targets within rapid streams of images, irrelevant emotional distractors—relative to neutral distractors—spontaneously demand attention and impair subsequent target detection, an effect that can be likened to an emotion-induced "attentional blink". But what happens when emotional distractors appear after a target has already come and gone? Here, we describe new findings of retroactive emotion-induced effects on target awareness. First, emotion-induced impairments of target awareness extended even to targets that appeared immediately before emotional distractors (Experiment 1). Second, when targets preceded distractors by two items—rather than by one item—negative distractors led to enhanced target processing relative to when distractors were neutral (Experiment 2). In contrast, when a target appeared after an emotional distractor, target awareness was impaired regardless of whether it was the first or second subsequent item. These results potentially implicate separable impacts of emotion on target processing, which can be distinguished by their facilitatory versus disruptive effects and by their temporal dynamics.


The tests carried out had the objective of the physical and chemical characterization of the soil in the left bank of the São Raimundo stream, and the new phase of the PROSAMIM Program will be implemented. Using the main tests for the classification, such as: Liquidity limit, Limit of plasticity, Limit of contraction, Specific mass of soil grains, Screening, Sedimentation, Compaction, among other tests. The sample was collected and taken to the Pavement Laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department of the Federal University of Amazonas, where it was studied for a careful classification applied in this study. The tests are carried out according to the specific standards of ABNT and with the equipment available at the educational institution, also according to the norms.


Abstract The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST), operating at 843 MHz, is currently surveying the southern galactic plane (245° <l<360°, −1.5° ≤b≤ +1.5°). The resulting maps provide images of the radio continuum with a synthesised beamwidth of 43′′ × 43′′ cosec δ and a noise level of about 1mJy. The survey involves 12-hour synthesis observations of over four hundred fields on a predefined set of field centres. About half the fields have been observed to date, and the survey is scheduled for completion in 1990. A noteable feature in many of the fields is the occurrence of widespread diffuse filamentary structure, in addition to the expected supernova remants and HII regions.


Comparison of the articles in today's biomedical literature with those of twenty years ago reveals many changes. In particular, there seem to have been large increases over time in three indices: the number of authors per article, the number of data-items considered, and the use of multivariate statistical methods. While cause and effect among these three indices is unclear, there is little doubt that the growth in a fourth factor, namely, computing power and resources, has made it much easier to assemble larger and larger amounts of data. Packaged collections of computer programs, driven by simple keywords and mUltiple options, allow investigators to manage, edit, transform, and summarize these data and fit them to a wide array of complicated multivariate statistical "models." In addition to mak ing it easy for the investigator to include a larger number of variables in otherwise traditional methods of statistical analysis, the increased speed and capacity of computers have also been partly responsible for the new meth ods being developed by contemporary statisticians. For example, some of the survival analysis techniques discussed below can involve several million computations. How do these trends in the availability and use of multivariate statistical methods affect the health researcher who must decide what data to collect and how to analyze and present them? How does the reader of the research report get some feeling for what the writer is attempting to do when he uses some of these complex-sounding statistical techniques? Are these methods helping or are they possibly confusing the issue? Unfortunately one cannot look to one central source for guidance about these newer methods. Descriptions of many of them are still largely scat-


The present work proposes, in the context of a Biorefinery, to assess the biochemical-thermochemical hybrid route through the recovery of the residual cellulignin from pre-treatment and hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and straw in an integrated first- and second-generation ethanol plant (1G2G plant), by means of residual cellulignin gasification in a thermochemical ethanol plant. In this assessment, a decentralized plant concept is considered, in which four first- and second-generation ethanol biochemical plants (1G2G biochemical plants) processing 4 million tonnes of sugarcane per year (4 MTC/y) each and producing first- and second-generation ethanol supply residual cellulignin for a central standalone feedstock flexible thermochemical plant, configuring an 1G2G biochemical-thermochemical ethanol hybrid scenario. As base scenario, four 1G2G autonomous plants with residual cellulignin burned in the boilers is selected. For the routes comparison, main technical, economic and environmental aspects of each scenario are assessed. Results showed an increase in total anhydrous ethanol production for 1G2G biochemical-thermochemical ethanol hybrid scenario, besides higher alcohols that are also produced in this scenario. An increase of capital investment is observed for the 1G2G biochemical-thermochemical ethanol hybrid scenario justifying the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) lower than the base scenario, yet with a positive net present value (NPV). Environmental results showed similar impacts for both scenarios.


Sub-watershed contributions to the suspended sediment yield of Spring Creek Watershed, a 113 km2 forested area in northwestern Alberta, were examined. The analysis was based on a five year record of suspended sediment and water discharge from Spring Creek Watershed and five of its sub-watersheds, compiled as part of the Canadian contribution to the International Hydrological Decade Programme. The gauged sub-watersheds accounted for 76 percent of the total area of Spring Creek Watershed, 82 percent of its total water yield, but only 8 percent of its total sediment yield. Annual sediment yield patterns and sediment rating curve analysis indicated that sediment discharge from Spring Creek Watershed was largely independent of the erosional processes operating in the sub-watersheds. A simple conceptual model is proposed which explains the interaction between the sediment discharge of the sub-watersheds and that of Spring Creek Watershed by identifying the major sediment sinks and sources in the study area. The...


Iron recovery from a lead slag in Henan province was carried out with the technique of coal-based direct reduction followed by magnetic separation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the transformation of iron-containing minerals and the particle size of metallic iron generated by coal reduction. The results showed that technique is feasible for iron recovery from the lead slag. Under the conditions of weight ratio of slag: coal: CaO as 50:15:5, the roasted temperature of 1250 °C for 45 min, and then two stage of grinding and twice magnetic separation, the metallic iron powder was obtained with the iron grade of 92.85% and iron recovery of 92.85%. The iron-containing minerals in the forms of hercynite, fayalite and maghemite were mianly transformed into metallic iron and the particle size of metallic iron was more than 50μm. Therefore, the metallic iron in roasted product can be dissociated by coarse grinding and further was separated by magnetic separation to recover the metallic iron.


Dr. H. JACOBS (North-East Essex) moved a composite motion: "that the distinction award system as it stands should be abolished, and an alternative method of distribution of monies involved be introduced." He said that at the last conference of hospital staffs "a very soft motion" had been passed. This seemed to say that "we will stop merit awards but we will continue to extract from the consultant money pool these fairly large sums for those now receiving them. We will substitute seniority payments, but these will be given early as merit awards to the favoured." By and large, those who needed the extra money most were often operating out in what one might call "the sticks," without much private practice or none, often in specialties where private practice was not a feature. They often worked very hard, often full time. Hethought it was true thatthe medical genius would not starve or go unrecognized today. But the system of sheep and goats was tending to diminish the frank and open relationship between colleagues, which he thought the general practitioners had got. He would propose strongly the sweeping away of this divisive system by a clean draught of abolition. The money should go to seniority payments or increase the basic salary of a;ll consultants. Mr. F. J. BRAMBLE (Leeds) moved as an amendment: "that the words 'and an alternative method of distribution of the monies involved be introduced' be deleted." He supported the sentiments of the main motion, but opposed the introduction of a side issue. It had been made clear that the money set aside by the Royal Commission for merit awards would be available for no other purpose, he maintained. It was not up to the profession to say that it should be used in any other way, and the R.B. should have the opportunity of voting on the straight issue. Dr. E. B. LEWIS (Council) begged the Meeting to look carefully at the wording of the amendment. If it was impossible to implement the original motion as it stood. It was not sensible to consider losing any money from the total pool at a time when the profession faced the Halsbury proposals under phase 3. As an anaesthetist, he got nothing from domiciliary visits, but he was not opposed to the proposed increase. Though he was prepared to see a renegotiation of the merit awards system the R.B. must remember that in each referendum there had been a vote of three to one in favour of keeping the awards. Mr. P. R. J. VICKERS (Newcastle upon Tyne) said that distinction awards were a disaster. They enabled politicians to say that consultants enjoyed a much higher income than they really did. "What is not said," he pointed out, "is that even with an A plus merit award the take home pay is just over 50p. per hour. Distinction awards have served to hold down the income of all who work in the hospital service." He supported the amendment. Dr. ASTLEY expressed concern about the motion and the amendment. He called attention to the resolution of the National Hospital Staffs Conference: "that the existing distinction awards system be replaced by a system of seniority awards in which merit can be recognized by premature payment of seniority awards before those awards would have been granted, and at the institution of such a system existing distinction awards shall be allowed to run to completion." His difficulty was to know what the consultants wanted. Two years ago 74% of 7,254 consultants had recommended retaining the awards. If he had to go back and say that the awards should be abolished his committee would be very unpopular. He was bound to advise opposition to the amendment. Mr. BRAMBLE, replying to the debate, disagreed that only consultants were interested in distinction awards. "The career earnings of those of us still in the junior section are calculated on them and our pro rata payment is affected by merit awards," he said. He urged that the amendment should be passed so that the Meeting could come to a clear decision. The amendment was carried.


This paper investigates media reflection of the culture that is bound to self-governing regions in Czechia. The primary focus is on regionally related reports dealing with culture as they appear in the framework of the national TV coverage. Thus, the main objective of the article is to analyse, evaluate and interpret culture-related and regionally orientated contributions broadcast within the national TV reporting. Con-trary to the majority of TV reports that are negatively skewed, culture represents mainly positive themes. It is surely interesting for individual self-governing regions if their culture is presented within national TV coverage. Our paper tackles the issue from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. This is even more exciting in view of the fact that the topic has been severely under-researched so far. The article brings geographically rather differentiated media portrayals of individual self-governing re-gions in Czechia in the sphere of culture, which can be of interest to both theory and practice.


Both public health and environmental concern have been generated by the identification of an assemblage of halogenated organic compounds produced in the chlorination of drinking water, sewage, and power plant cooling waters. Our objectives were to determine which compounds contributed significantly to the toxicity of such chloro-organic mixtures and whether significant interaction occurred. Toxicity studies were conducted using the embryo of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the cladoceran Daphnia pulex. Data are presented from studies of survival time, reproduction, and teratogenesis following exposure of various growth stages to three synthetic chloro-organic effluents in decade concentration steps from 10/sup -2/ mg/l to 100 mg/l of total organics plus controls. It seemed apparent that the chlorinated phenols in the mixtures were responsible for the observed toxicity of the synthetic effluents.


In Australia, Victoria's Department of Education and Early Childhood Development has
encouraged educational institutions and systems to respond to the global movement of personalising
learning in ways – both pedagogically and organisationally – that support the diverse personal aspirations of learners. An evaluation of the leadership structure of a large, regional independent school
came at a time when the school was initiating some ideas in relation to personalising learning; ideas
that also coincided with innovations that the school had already made with its middle years students.
Focus group discussions took place to identify issues and a Web-based survey was utilised to explore
the ideas further with all staff. Staff members highlighted the challenges and tensions arising from the
seemingly constant introduction of innovations without any parallel processesto ensure organisational
and curriculum coherency across the school. In this paper, the research design is described and the
responses from staff are discussed as they relate to the concept of personalised learning. The focus of
the paperis upon the organisational and curriculum issues confronting the school'sleadership in order
for the school to become the vibrant learning community to which it aspires


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a condition where the atria fibrillate in an uncoordinated way. This may lead to stagnation of blood within the atria, increasing the risk of stroke and/or transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) (Watson et al, 2009). AF can also lead to other complications such as heart failure and poor quality of life. In non-valvular AF, the risk of stroke and other systemic embolic conditions increases fivefold (Bajmai et al, 2007). Almost 50% of patients with AF-related strokes will die within the first year (Kirchhof et al, 2007). Thromboembolic stroke is the most debilitating of all the complications because it is more severe and causes greater disability. It is imperative this condition is managed promptly and appropriately to prevent progression of AF and to reduce complications. Once a diagnosis of AF has been confirmed by electrocardiography (ECG), other investigations need to be considered to identify the possible causes, risk factors, and potential or existing complications. This information will help to determine the type of management required to reduce the risks and deterioration. Investigations may include a transthoracic echocardiogram. This will help identify structural cardiac disease, determine heart function, and identify the presence of clot formation (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2006). If abnormalities are found, a further assessment using a transoesophageal echocardiogram may be


Abstract The impact on air quality of the emission of pollutants from freshly conditioned sealant and waterborne paint, and a new carpet was investigated by means of a closed emission system and a high loading factor, i.e. "maximized" test conditions. VOCs were measured. Speciated TVOC values obtained by summation of single VOCs and TVOC (cyclohexane equivalents) values determined by IR spectroscopy were of the same order of magnitude for the carpet and for the sealant. Biological evaluation of the effects of the VOCs was undertaken from the concentrations and the odour and irritation thresholds of each substance. The overall agreements and the mutual supplementation of the results from the TVOC and biological evaluations were apparent, suggesting that both approaches should be part of the evaluation of emissions from building materials. Also the mouse bioassay (ASTM, 1984) was used for evaluation of the irritants emitted. Chemical emission testing and the use of established lists of irritation thresholds appear to be more cost-effective, due to the low sensitivity of the bioassay. This approach was demonstrated with 2-butanone oxime (emitted from the sealant). The same type of approach may be used in relation to odour and hazard identification. However, human and animal tests are necessary in cases where biological data are lacking or where the chemical emission is unknown.


In this paper, two different important quality metrics, clearance and execution time, for motion planning of mobile robots are studied. Then a new approach, called clearance-based probabilistic roadmap method (CBPRM(c)), is proposed which in contrast to VV(c) method, visibility-Voronoi with clearance c, beside satisfaction of a predefined clearance is very efficient in running time. This provides the CBPRM(c) to be applicable in dynamic environments which require real-time approaches. Experiments showed that the CBPRM(c) is able to generate paths with very low execution time considering determined clearance.


At present, the development of microseismic monitoring system based on electronic sensors is restricted by the problems of power supply, electromagnetic interference and etc. How to select effective microseismic events from the massive and uninterrupted raw data is also a huge problem. In this paper, the DFB laser is used to demodulate the external vibration signal detected by the FBG sensor. The first arrival time of the P wave and the end point of the signal are picked up by using the improved STA/LTA algorithm. The method of calculating the optimal time window width is established by using the characteristics of periodic vibration wave. The criterion of the effective signal is established by using the maximum energy ratio of the effective signal. The resolution of this demodulation method is 0.01 pm. The criterion of effective signal discrimination can be used to accurately determine whether a channel event belongs to an effective signal or a noise signal. The microseismic monitoring system based on optical fiber sensor meets the needs of monitoring in a harsh mine environment, and the effective event discrimination criterion based on signal deviation is feasible.


This paper introduces the mainly composition and workong flow of telemetering system,analysis the choice of sensor,the character of data processing and operating interface.


After chinese people won the victory of Anti_japanese war the kuomintang"seized"the fruits of victorg.Here the word "seize"should be changed over to "grab".The formulation of the "return"of TaiWan isn't appropriate either,It doesn't exist the problem of "return"about TaiWan.so we should use the word "unity"instead of "return"and so on.the symbol that the political power of the kuomintang completely collapsed wasn't the libration of NanJing on April 23rd 1949 but the founding of the people's republic of China.


Travel across time zones may affect player scoring through circadian rhythm. We test how travel affects scoring for the US National Basketball Association from 2014–2018, a period featuring a new game scheduler. We also test whether a collective bargaining agreement that protected player rest changed how travel affects scoring. We find eastward travel increases scoring and point spread via three-pointers and field goals, with implications for point spread betting in sports gambling markets. The 2017 collective bargaining agreement mitigates the eastward travel benefit on scoring and increases scoring overall, suggesting improved fairness and potential benefits for players and fans.


: This paper discusses the issue of climate justice and the theories that have emerged to address it. The paper compares and contrasts the positions of two theories, utilitarianism and egalitarianism, on climate justice. Utilitarianism theory advocates for the pursuit of maximum happiness and places efficiency first. It emphasizes how to get the most benefit in the issue of greenhouse gas emissions. Egalitarianism theory, on the other hand, is based on the core value of granting everyone equal rights and treating everyone as an individual with unique values. It is reasonable that everyone has the right to emit the same amount of greenhouse gases. The paper also defines climate justice as a value system that requires all entities and individuals to be treated in the face of climate change. It is understood as a comprehensive concept that can be explained by axiology and practice. In terms of axiology, climate justice should include values such as security, equality, fairness, freedom, and efficiency. In a practical sense, climate justice should be embodied as enforceable legal norms.


This This research is aimed to describe social companion profiles; identifying social companion qualifications and the amount of incentives received per month; describing competences of the social companion; describing the development of social companion competence standards, and formulating standard hypothetical models of social companion on the base of social work systems. The research was conducted in five locations involving 150 respondents that were determined by proportional random sampling technique and a number of informants that were determined purposively. The data are collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, FGD and documents. The data are then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, which are both used simultaneously. The results of the study indicate that: 1) The majority of female companions are in the range of productive age, in married status, relatively well educated, coming from the local area and on average accompanying 48 PMKS, 2) From companion qualification, only 28 percent of social companions are qualified as professional social workers, the majority of companions (as many as 67 percent) have never attended the training of consolidation as social companions, and 75.33 percent of social companions received incentives of less than Rp. 500.000, - per month. Many companions function to accompany several PMKS programs and because of the little amount of the incentive they received, consequently they are less focused and their performance is less optimal; 3). Based on testing of contract model of social companion competence with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique, it can be concluded that the competence of social companion was successfully reflected by certain knowledge, skill and values /attitude variable. Among the three variables tested, the factor content of the skill variable is merely the highest in forming competence; 4) The recruitment system of companions is identified in three ways, namely: a) direct recruitment system; b) election system; c) appointment system; 5) Developing social companion standard on the base of social work system, can be created by optimizing various components in the system including recruitment system, human resource management system, intervention system and training system. This research recommends that it is urgently needed to decide the related legislation to national standard of social companion so that the position of the companion is growing stronger and its competence is standardized; it is necessary to increase the competence of social companion, either through formal and nonformal education channels and it is also necessary to apply a hypothetical model of development of social companion standards based on the social work system as proposed.


METHOD VALIDATION FOR URANIUM CONTENT ANALYSIS USING A POTENTIOMETER T-90. An experimental method validation has been conducted for uranium content analysis using Potentiometer T-90. The method validation experiment was performed in the quality control laboratory of Experiment Fuel Element Installation, PTBBN, BATAN. The objective is to determine the level of precision and accuracy of analytical results for uranium analysis referring to the latest American Standard Test Method (ASTM) of ASTM C1267-11, which is a modified reference method by reducing of reagent consumption by 10% of the amount used by the original method. The ASTM C 1267-11 reference is a new ASTM as a substitute for the older ASTM namely ASTM C799, Vol.12.01, 2003. It is, therefore, necessary to validate the renewed method. The tool used for the analysis of uranium was potentiometer T-90 and the material used was standard uranium oxide powder CRM (Certificate Reference Material). Validation of the method was done by analyzing standard uranium powder by 7 times weighing and 7 times analysis. Analysis results were used to determine the level of accuracy, precision, Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) and Horwitz coefficient Variation and limit detection and quantitation. The average uranium obtained for this method validation is 84.36% with Standard Deviation (SD) of 0.12%, Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) 0.14% and 2/3 Horwitz coefficient Variation (CVHorwitz) 2.05 %. The results show that RSD value is smaller than the value of (2/3) CVHorwitz, which means that this method has a high precision. The accuracy value obtained is 0.48%, and since the acceptance limit of high level of accuracy is when the accuracy value is <2.00%, this method is regarded as having a high degree of accuracy [1]. The limit of detection (LOD) and and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) are 0.0145 g / L and 0.0446 g / L respectively. It is concluded that the ASTM C 1267-11 reference method is valid for use.


Average envelopes (mean square amplitude time histories) of small earthquakes represent a convenient basis for the construction of semi-empirical stochastic Green functions, used for prediction of future strong ground motions. Petukhin and Gusev (2003) proposed method for estimation of the average envelopes at rock sites based on assumption of self-similarity of envelopes and applied it for Kamchatka. Self-similarity means that average envelopes of small earthquakes have similar shapes and controlled by two scaling parameters: amplitude and duration. Petukhin and Kagawa (2003) applied this method for Kinki area in Japan; they also introduced and estimated average envelope site corrections for sedimentary (Osaka basin) sites. In this work we continue these studies of the average envelope shapes and will estimate average envelopes for a wide region adjoining to the Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes. First, we slightly modified methodology: to estimate duration scaling parameter, instead of using the RMS-duration in earlier work, here we used the envelope-delay time Tenv (also known as group-delay time). The new duration parameter is less affected by the coda waves or by the asymmetry of record. Second, we divided studied region into a few large zones according to tectonical and geological structure: Volcanic Front (VF) in the north, Accretion Zone (AZ) in the south (south of the Median Tectonic Line), and a Middle Zone (MZ) between them. The last one was subdivided into West MZ (WMZ) and East MZ (EMZ) by the Hanaory-Rokko-Nojima tectonic line. Records of shallow, upper crust events were studied in these zones. Third, to study depth dependence of the average envelopes we also analyzed records from deep events, having paths cross to the Phillipine Sea subduction zone in Kinki Region. In this work we estimated dependence of scaling parameter Tenv vs. hypocentral


To the Editor.— A variation of the usual surfer's nodule, previously reported, has been encountered and related to the use of shorter boards. A 47-year-old Hawaiian man was admitted for investigation of recently discovered polycythemia. Aside from a reddish hue to his dark brown pigmentation, there were no unusual findings, except for a round, soft, nontender, 5-cm subcutaneous mass over the anterolateral aspect of the lower part of the left hemithorax, with a less prominent nodule on the right. A small firm nodule was present on the dorsum of the left foot. This right-handed patient explained that these chest nodules were caused by lying on a surfboard. He surfed from 5 AM until noon on weekends. The nodules developed when he switched to the shorter seven-foot board, while the nodules of the feet diminished, since his feet were in contact less with the board. Surfer's nodules (201:134, 1967) or "knots"


To better understand the fine-scale spatial dynamics of brown rot disease and corresponding fungal genotypes, we analyzed three-dimensional spatial patterns of pre-harvest fruit rot caused by Monilinia fructicola in individual peach tree canopies and developed microsatellite markers for canopy-level population genetics analyses. Using a magnetic digitizer, high-resolution maps of fruit rot development in five representative trees were generated, and M. fructicola was isolated from each affected fruit. To characterize disease aggregation, nearestneighbor distances among symptomatic fruit were calculated and compared with appropriate random simulations. Within-canopy disease aggregation correlated negatively with the number of diseased fruit per tree (r = −0.827, P = 0.0009), i.e., aggregation was greatest when the number of diseased fruit was lowest. Sixteen microsatellite primers consistently amplified polymorphic regions in a geographically diverse test population of 47 M. fructicola isolates. None of the test isolates produced identical multilocus genotypes, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 16. We are applying these markers to determine fine-scale population structure of the pathogen within and among canopies.


Abstract Please click here to download the map associated with this article. A map of shoreface morphodynamic behaviour, from 2–23 m water depth, off Portstewart Strand, the north coast of Ireland, is presented. The map is generated in order to provide a spatial visualization of shoreface dynamics along a high-energy coastal segment from March to July 2005. The map indicates portions of the seafloor that have either eroded (shown in scales of red), remained unchanged (no color) or accreted (indicated in scales of grey). The change is in the vertical and provided in meters. The map clearly shows that the nearshore zone (2–5 m, O.D.) is the most dynamic, explained by the fact that this is where most energy is concentrated as waves approach and break. The ability to combine Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) with periodic bathymetric surveys enhances our understanding of nearshore and shoreface morphodynamics.


Although considerable progress has been made over the past few years in liquid or frozen storage of equine spermatozoa, there remains a large inter-individual difference in the success of semen preservation for the stallion. Equine spermatozoa undergoing low-temperature storage undergo oxidative damage to membrane phospholipids, proteins and chromatin. Osmotic stress also leads to damage to the plasma membrane and alteration in sperm metabolism. Furthermore, evidence from a number of species suggests that ejaculated spermatozoa undergo apoptotic-like changes as a consequence of cryopreservation. It appears likely that these three processes are interlinked and may impact various compartments in the sperm cell via similar pathways. Therefore, an understanding of these processes and their common metabolic pathways may be important in attempts to obviate adverse affects on equine spermatozoa during storage. Further research should evaluate the molecular pathways which may represent convergence of these stresses on the sperm cell with an aim to reducing their net detrimental effect on sperm during preservation. Supported by the John P. Hughes Endowment, the UC Davis Center for Equine Health, and the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health.


Posing the questionA¢â'¬â€ whether a crisis cartel is for better or for worseA¢â'¬â€ before considering it anathema, seems like a sign of progress. Lia Vitzilaiou (Lambadarious Law Offices)


A kind of human body gesture recognition system is designed based on acceleration sensor,in which MPU-6050is used for collecting the nine axis motion signal of human body.When human conducts daily movement or sudden fall,the three 16-bit digital signal that translated from analog signal will be output,which is measured by three-axis gyroscope and three-axis accelerometer,and MCU processes the three 16-bit digital signal that is transmitted from the MPU-6050,the results are directly transmitted to the receiving computer by nRF2401.The threshold value and angle of inclination of human falling are confirmed by detecting all kinds of daily gestures of the human and analyzing the experimental data.Identification and interpretation of the human gesture are carried out by combining the threshold value with the angle of inclination.Under laboratory conditions,the average accuracy of the system is 95%.


There has long been strong emphasis on personalization in the treatment of diabetes; evidence of individual differences in symptomatology, presentation, behavior, preferences, social status, response to treatment, comorbidity or clinical course have led clinicians to seek greater focus on the individual. However, this approach cannot yet be called Precision Medicine in diabetes. In this article we want to describe the state of the art of Precision Medicine starting from the two Consensus documents published by the Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative (PMDI) born in 2018 within American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) with the aim of understanding the state of the art, the possibilities of application and future lines of research in the construction of a precision medicine applied to diabetes. The five pillars of precision medicine applied to diabetes will be examined: precision diagnosis, precision prevention, precision treatment, precision prognostics and precision monitoring. Following will be described the fields of applications and the possible developments and insights, also within italian diabetological reality. KEY WORDS precision medicine; diabetes; personalization; diagnosis; prevention.


This paper analyzes the interaction between shareholder structures and the quality of the corporate governance structure in France using the value creation criterion. Using shareholder structures allows analyzing the performance of French firms and to measure an underperformance of "hard core" and diffuse ownership firms. This paper, updating results from Harbula (2004), also investigates the relationship between performance and shareholder stakes.


Ovarian cysts in pregnancy are usually managed conservatively but surgical treatment is done for complicated cases. The diagnosis of complicated ovarian cyst in pregnancy is challenging, management often poses a dilemma to the obstetrician and is a source of anxiety to the patient because it can be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Complicated ovarian cysts in pregnancy accounted for 16.7% of all surgically managed ovarian cyst accidents (3/18) in our institution. It was also the most common indication for non-pregnancy-related laparotomy in pregnancy (3/6). The mean age of the patients was 31 ± 5.6 years, 66.7% (2/3) were primigravidae and all had cyst complication in the second trimester. All women presented with abdominal pain but accurate initial preoperative diagnosis was made in only 33.3%. Mean presentation to surgery interval was 46.7 h. All patients received tocolytic argents. The mean size of the cyst was 10.9 cm, commonest complication was torsion, and all cysts were benign. The commonest surgery performed was salpingo-oophorectomy. Surgical intervention was associated with favorable perinatal outcome in most cases with fetal loss seen when cyst was rapidly increasing in size or ≥15 cm in size. Prompt diagnosis and intervention enables preservation of affected adnexa.


This paper deals with the impact of different map scale and various morphological features on the configurative representation of cities with axial line maps. It is explored why in two different cities the change in scale and resolution result in very different patterns of integration. It is argued that the underlying morphological properties of the cities are the main factors for the divergence and that differences in scale or the process of generating axial line maps have a minor impact. Axial line maps of the cities of Hamburg and Stuttgart are compared for both cities they differ in level of detail and in scale (1:2.500 to 1:25.000). For Hamburg, different integration patterns evolve, for Stuttgart, a persistent centre of integration remains. A validation with traffic data shows in no case a preference for one of the types of axial line maps. Based on these findings, two location related measures are proposed for estimating the degree of differences between divergent axial line maps. The "rank correlation measure" and the "step depth matrix measure" both enhance the way of analysing and comparing configurations. They have the potential to be adapted to further kinds of spatial analyses. Introduction and Background


As humanoid robot technology advances, the use of robots for performance is increasing. As a result, studies are being conducted to increase the scope of use of robots in performances by making them natural like humans. Among them, the use of motion capture technology is often used, and there are environmental inconveniences in preparing for motion capture, such as the need for IMU sensors or markers attached to each part of the body and precise high-performance cameras. In addition, for robots used in performance technology, there is a problem that they have to respond in real time depending on the unexpected situation or the audience's response. To make up for the above mentioned problems, in this paper, we proposed a real-time motion capture system by using a number of RGB-D cameras and creating natural robot motion similar to human motion by using motion-captured data. Keyword : Motion capture, Robot motion, RGB-D camera, Interactive performance, Real-time Copyright C 2020 Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engineers. All rights reserved. "This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and not altered." 특집논문 (Special Paper) 방송공학회논문지 제25권 제4호, 2020년 7월 (JBE Vol. 25, No. 4, July 2020) https://doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2020.25.4.528 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) 서보형 외 3인: 인터렉티브 공연·전시를 위한 RGB-D 카메라 기반 휴머노이드 로봇의 실시간 로봇 동작 생성 방법 529 (Bohyeong Seo et al.: Real-Time Motion Generation Method of Humanoid Robots based on RGB-D Camera for Interactive Performance and Exhibition)


Based on the engineering background of specially big and deep excavation in Puxi, Outer Ring Tunnel of Shanghai, the influence of excavation construction on main surrounding buildings and pipelines, track grout protection measure and its effect are studied. It is shown from the measured data that the building and pipeline settled with a comparative rate due to excavation construction, especially pumping artesian water at deep level caused building far away settled uniformly which could not be ignored. It is verified in the practice that grout in advance combined with track grout is an effective protection measure to reduce the influence of excavation on surroundings.


Long wavelength limit of acoustic xy-shear mode in KDP crystal was studied by use of piezoelectric excitation. This piezoelectric limit of the acoustic soft-mode, the piezoacoustic oscillator, was analyzed in terms of a damped harmonic oscillator model. Possible contributions from this piezoacoustic mode to both the central peak intensity and the dielectric anomaly of ε'(T≃Tc)≃104ε'(T≫Tc) were discussed in terms of the piezoacoustic mode parameters.


Under Knowledge economy, the nonmaterial capital, which includes human capital, innovation ideas and the dynamic changes in the enterprises' environment have became the key recourses. Mastering the access to the key recourses means that the enterprise is in control. The proper allocation of the key recourses will maximize the enterprise's value.


As an example of a perturbation technique for large coupling constants g2, we investigate the solutions and eigenvalues of the Schrodinger equation for a Gauss potential. In particular, we obtain the regular solution, valid for r2 1/|4g|. Both solutions are eigensolutions belonging to the same eigenenergy E = k2. These eigenvalues are derived in the form of large‐g asymptotic expansions which are useful and valid over a wide range of g. A noteworthy aspect of the investigation is the close analogy of the underlying mathematics with that of well‐known periodic equations.