The asymmetric cluster states in 28Si are discussed on the basis of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. It is found that the inversion doublet bands having the 24Mg+α, 20Ne+8Be and 16O+12C cluster configurations appear in the energy range of Ex = 10 ∼ 15 MeV. It is demonstrated that the 24Mg+α, 20Ne+8Be cluster states have pronounced isoscalar monopole (IS0) and dipole (IS1) transition strengths from the ground state. This result suggests that the IS0 and IS1 strength are good probe for these cluster states.


Rate adaptation is an effective approach to achieve high spectrum efficiency under varying channel condition, especially for wireless communication. This paper proposes rate adaptation at receiver for wireless relay system. In this scheme, source node uses a new modulation technology, called random projections code (RPC), to achieve rate adaptation. Both relay node and destination node decode the received RPC encoding signals. If destination does not decode RPC correctly, relay node will act compressing and forwarding role by performing LDPC syndrome encoding and sending syndrome coded information to destination node. We discuss how to jointly decode at destination node when it receives RPC coded information from source node and syndrome coded information from relay node. Finally, we evaluate the scheme by bit-error-rate (BER) and good put evaluation metrics. Simulation results show that the coding gain is about 4 dB, 3.1 dB, 2.2 dB and 1.6 dB for LDPC coding rate 0.8, 0.89, 0.94, 0.99 at BER 10-5 respectively. The throughput of the schemes is at least 0.3 bit/s/Hz higher than RPC at SNR ranging from 5 dB to 25 dB.


Objective: To survey clinical effects of betahistine hydrochloride injection, lidocaine hydrochloride injection and puerarin injection in the treatment for vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Methods: All 132 cases were randomized into two groups, 68 cases of the treatment group accepted intravenous dripping of lidocaine hydrochloride injection, 0.1g, added into betahistine hydrochloride injection, 500 m L, once each day, for seven days, puerarin injection, 0.4 g, added into physiological saline, 250 m L, oncer per day, for 14 days; 64 cases of the control group received oral administration of betahistine, 6mg, three times each day, and flunarizine hydrochloride, 10 mg, once each day, in the evening, buflomedil hydrochloride, 0.2g, added into physiological saline, 250 m L, oncer per day, for 14 days. Curative effects of both groups and the changes of vertebrobasilar blood flow were observed. Results: Total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 92.65% and 76.56% respectively, the treatment group was superior to the control group obviously(P0.05); the treatment group was better than the control group in improving vertebrobasilar blood flow. Conclusion: The combination of betahistine hydrochloride injection, lidocaine hydrochloride injection and puerarin injection are effective methods for the patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency.


This course brings together students and faculty who are engaged in diverse community and public interest work to hear from a wide range of fascinating guests and to engage in discussion around their expertise and experiences. Readings include those recommended by guests and a highly focused group of context-setting community informatics articles. Students learn the roots of community informatics -- how it is practiced and where public interest information professionals work -- and consider citizenship, opportunity, and the public good in an information society.


Virtual reality (VR) may seem like something from a science-fiction movie: out of reach and too fantastic to contemplate. Its use in various fields is, however, more and more ubiquitous, and its impact on memory and well-being is increasingly documented. The introduction of affordable hardware and free smartphone apps has allowed VR to become accessible in education, and the release of Google's Expeditions app allows students to take virtual field trips to just about anywhere on the planet, while simultaneously learning about the chosen place. For ESL students, this has implications for language learning, specifically with regard to motivation, memory and retention.


Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid, can be found in marine algae and some marine invertebrates, has remarkable biological properties for human health. It is known that fucoxanthin has anti-cancer activity on some human cancer cells such as human colon cancers, leukemia cells, prostate cancer cells, breast cancer cells. In this study, the fucoxanthin was extracted from Undaria pinnatifida, after purification by silica gel ion exchange column and TLC, the purity of fucoxanthin was reached to 95%. For anti-oxidant activity, the extracted fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida had strong properties on hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 7.03 μM) and ferrous metal ions chelating activity (EC50 = 30.22 μM). For immunomodulatory activitiy, the fucoxanthin can activate proliferation of RAW 264.7 and protect it from DOX-induced and LPS-stimultaed cell damage. For anti-cancer activity, the extracted fucoxanthin could inhibit proliferation of HT1080, MDA-MB-231 and U-2 OS cells. Therefore, the fucoxanthin could be used as potential functional food additives in food industry.


From the time spectrum of {gamma}-rays following muon capture the authors have measured hyperfine transitions rates on muonic F, Na, and Cl, and the hyperfine dependence of the reaction {mu}{sup {minus}} {sup 23}Na(3/2{sup +},0) {r_arrow} {nu}{sup 23}Ne({1/2}{sup +},1017). They obtained hyperfine transition rates of 4.9{+-}1.2 {mu}s{sup {minus}1}, 8.4{+-}1.9 {mu}s{sup {minus}1}, and 6.5{+-}0.9 {mu}s{sup {minus}1}, for muonic F, Na, and Cl, respectively. The pattern of rates is in agreement with the calculations of Winston which indicate a general increase in rate with atomic number but a decrease at Cl where the emission of L shell electrons becomes forbidden. However, the authors` measured rates are systematically lower than the calculations of Winston (by 15 to 40 %), perhaps due to incomplete refilling of the muonic atom`s electron shells after formation. The hyperfine dependence of the reaction {mu}{sup {minus}} {sup 23}Na (3/2{sup +},0) {r_arrow} {nu} {sup 23}Ne({1/2}{sup +},1017) is dependent on the weak pseudoscalar coupling (g{sub p}) of the proton, and in an initial measurement at the TRIUMF laboratory gave a hyperfine dependence, {Lambda}{sub +}/{Lambda}{sub {minus}} = 0.18 {+-} 0.10, and a weak pseudoscalar coupling 5 {le} g{sub p}/g{sub e} {le} 15. A more recent measurement will determine g{sub p} to about 10more » %, and will probe modifications of the coupling in the nuclear medium.« less


This research is designed to learn the effects of group art therapy on the self-esteem and school life adjustment of maladjusted elementary school children. For this research, 5 maladjusted children were selected from an elementary school located in N city, and total 12 sessions of group art therapy were proceeded for 60 min. per a session in order to perform before and after test of self-esteem and school adjustment. Furthermore, along with the designed test, paired t-test was also carried out to verify the effects of group art therapy program. As turned out at the result, this research has had meaningful effects on general self-esteem and school-field self-esteem, which are lower factors of self-esteem. Also in the lower factors of school-life adjustment, the relationships with teachers, classmates, and school code of conducts were significantly affected. Thus, it can be said that group art therapy has had crucial effects on the self-esteem and school life adjustment of maladjusted elementary school children.


This paper presents a segmentation of brain lesion from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images (DW-MRI or DWI) using a split and merge approach. The lesions are hyperintense lesion from tumour, acute infarction, haemorrhage and abscess, and hypointense lesion from chronic infarction and haemorrhage. Pre-processing is applied to the DWI for intensity normalization, background removal and intensity enhancement. Then, the split and merge algorithm is designed to segment the lesion. Histogram thresholding technique is used at each split level to detect pixels with either hyperintense or hypointense. Several statistical features are discussed and evaluated to select the best feature as homogeneity criteria. The analysis shows that mean and number of lesion pixels are the best homogeneity criteria. Hyperintense and hypointense lesions are segmented automatically by merging the regions that are homogenous according to the criteria.


We study the first boundary value problem for the second-order fully nonlinear parabolic equation under natural structure conditions. The 1 , Q solution has a priori W1,0 infinite bound. And moreover we prove the esistence of viscosity solution by using the accretive operator. This is the extension of the method used in [ I ] . Our method has the advantage that the existence of solution does not depend on the esistence of super- and subsolutions such as perron's method. Finally the uniqueness of viscosity solution is proved by using the method developed in [2] and [3].


Being creative in movement-based improvisational environments, such as dance floors, poses a difficult challenge for computers. It is particularly challenging for computers to judge the creativity of inputs and responses in these open-ended domains. LuminAI is an improvisational dance installation where an artificially intelligent agent dances with a user. In this paper, we enable the agent to judge the creativity of dance gestures through the development of creativity metrics, including the novelty, value, and surprise of a gesture. We then use these metrics to implement a lead-andfollow dynamic: when the user is performing less creatively, the agent tries to lead by performing more creatively. A user study is performed to compare the original and lead-and-follow systems, with results showing users found the lead-and-follow system's gestures lower in quality than the original, more surprising than the original, and found the original system more engaging and influential on their actions.


Emissions from airport operations are of significant concern because of their potential impact on local air quality and human health. The currently limited scientific knowledge of aircraft emissions is an important issue worldwide, when considering air pollution associated with airport operation, and this is especially so for ultrafine particles. This limited knowledge is due to scientific complexities associated with measuring aircraft emissions during normal operations on the ground. In particular this type of research has required the development of novel sampling techniques which must take into account aircraft plume dispersion and dilution as well as the various particle dynamics that can affect the measurements of the aircraft engine plume from an operational aircraft.

In order to address this scientific problem, a novel mobile emission measurement method called the Plume Capture and Analysis System (PCAS), was developed and tested. The PCAS permits the capture and analysis of aircraft exhaust during ground level operations including landing, taxiing, takeoff and idle. The PCAS uses a sampling bag to temporarily store a sample, providing sufficient time to utilize sensitive but slow instrumental techniques to be employed to measure gas and particle emissions simultaneously and to record detailed particle size distributions. The challenges in relation to the development of the technique include complexities associated with the assessment of the various particle loss and deposition mechanisms which are active during storage in the PCAS. Laboratory based assessment of the method showed that the bag sampling technique can be used to accurately measure particle emissions (e.g. particle number, mass and size distribution) from a moving aircraft or vehicle.

Further assessment of the sensitivity of PCAS results to distance from the source and plume concentration was conducted in the airfield with taxiing aircraft. The results showed that the PCAS is a robust method capable of capturing the plume in only 10 seconds. The PCAS is able to account for aircraft plume dispersion and dilution at distances of 60 to 180 meters downwind of moving a aircraft along with particle deposition loss mechanisms during the measurements. Characterization of the plume in terms of particle number, mass (PM2.5), gaseous emissions and particle size distribution takes only 5 minutes allowing large numbers of tests to be completed in a short time. The results were broadly consistent and compared well with the available data.

Comprehensive measurements and analyses of the aircraft plumes during various modes of the landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle (e.g. idle, taxi, landing and takeoff) were conducted at Brisbane Airport (BNE). Gaseous (NOx, CO2) emission factors, particle number and mass (PM2.5) emission factors and size distributions were determined for a range of Boeing and Airbus aircraft, as a function of aircraft type and engine thrust level. The scientific complexities including the analysis of the often multimodal particle size distributions to describe the contributions of different particle source processes during the various stages of aircraft operation were addressed through comprehensive data analysis and interpretation.

The measurement results were used to develop an inventory of aircraft emissions at BNE, including all modes of the aircraft LTO cycle and ground running procedures (GRP). Measurements of the actual duration of aircraft activity in each mode of operation (time-in-mode) and compiling a comprehensive matrix of gas and particle emission rates as a function of aircraft type and engine thrust level for real world situations was crucial for developing the inventory. The significance of the resulting matrix of emission rates in this study lies in the estimate it provides of the annual particle emissions due to aircraft operations, especially in terms of particle number.

In summary, this PhD thesis presents for the first time a comprehensive study of the particle and NOx emission factors and rates along with the particle size distributions from aircraft operations and provides a basis for estimating such emissions at other airports. This is a significant addition to the scientific knowledge in terms of particle emissions from aircraft operations, since the standard particle number emissions rates are not currently available for aircraft activities.


The invention relates to an appliance for accommodating a stack of bags (12) consisting of a multitude of bags made of a plastic film. In addition to being supported by a retaining arm (8), said stack of bags is supported in an inclined position by at least one additional storage plate (4) and optionally by an L-shaped support plate (5) connected thereto. The stack of bags is supported in this inclined position whereby ensuring a secure storage of the same and enabling the foremost bag of the stack to be filled in a simple and easy manner without the risk of damaging the items to be placed in the bag.


To analyze the regulation of calcium on photosynthesis and PS Ⅱ activity in tomato leaves under sub-high temperature stress.During the period of sub-high temperature,tomatoes liaoyuanduoli grown in the plastic pot were pretreated with CaCl2,EGTA(Ca2+ chelator),and LaCl3(Ca2+ channel inhibitor).Chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were investigated.The results showed that photosynthesis in tomato leaves pretreated with daytime sub-temperature was significantly inhibited tomato,and chlorophyll content,Fv/Fm,ΦPS Ⅱ,ETR and qP decreased,but Fo and NPQ increased.Furthermore there were some influences on Gs,Tr and Ls;Chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate(Pn) in tomato leaves pretreated with CaCl2 were significantly increased,and there was no difference in the Fo,Fv/Fm,ΦPS Ⅱ and NPQ between CaCl2 pretreatment and control,while qP,ETR was slightly lower than that of control,these results showed that there was high PS Ⅱ activity in tomato leaves pretreated with CaCl2,however,Ls and Ci were not affected;The PS Ⅱ activity in tomato leaves pretreated with calcium inhibitor suffered more serious injuries.Inhibition of photosynthesis in daytime sub-high temperature stress had no relation with stomatal factors,the reduction of photosynthesis may be deceased PS Ⅱ activity which was caused by the damage of PS Ⅱ.CaCl2 pretreatment effectively alleviated the damage to the function of PS Ⅱ in tomato leaves under sub-high temperature stress,and maintained higher PS Ⅱ activity.Consequently CaCl2 can relieve the inhibition of photosynthesis due to daytime sub-high temperature stress.


1. Electric motor (1) comprising at least: - a primary part (2a, 2b) with a winding (3) not containing iron, which contains at least two phases (6), wherein one phase (6) includes at least two bead (4) winding and at least one electrical connecting element (5), - the secondary section (7a, 7b) with an even number of magnetic poles (8) which are alternately arranged on the secondary part (7a , 7b), with this- winding (3) disposed on a primary side (2a, 2b) in the air gap (9) between the primary part (2a, 2b) and secondary portions w (7a, 7b) with respect to the axis (10a, 10b) so that: - the respective harnesses (4) phase winding (6) arranged opposite a corresponding magnetic pole (8), u all magnetic pole (8) are arranged can be used simultaneously to form usiliya.2. Electric motor (1) according to Claim. 1, wherein the primary part is the stator (2a), the secondary part is designed as a rotor (7a), the axis (10a) is a rotation axis, the secondary part (7a) is located on a primary side (2a ) parallel to the axis (10a) .3. Electric motor according to Claim. 1, wherein the primary part is the stator (2b), the secondary part is formed as a slider (7b), the axis (10b) is the axis of translational motion, wherein the secondary part (7b) is located on the primary part (2b) perpendicular axis (10b) .4. Electric motor according to Claim. 1, wherein the magnetic pole (8) are poles of a permanent or extraneous vozbuzhdeniem.5. Motor according to one of claims. 1-4, wherein the secondary part (7a) is arranged inside or outside the primary part (2a) .6. Motor according to one of claims. 1-4 which is configured as a DC motor has n phases, and (6)


I use a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with a nonzero steady-state inflation to study monetary policy in transition economies. In particular, my analysis focuses on whether inflation targeting is based on a consumer price index (CPI) or its producer counterpart, producer price index (PPI). This issue is specifically relevant for transition economies as they might be subject to Balassa–Samuelson effects arising from trading in international markets. Under these circumstances, domestic inflation is possibly higher than imported inflation, hence targeting PPI inflation may prove more effective in influencing domestic macroeconomic variables than targeting CPI inflation. Using a Bayesian methodology, I find that the central banks of three Eastern European countries (namely, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland) are likely to target PPI inflation rather than CPI inflation. This result is in line with the theoretical predictions in the literature, and is robust across several Taylor-type rules.


Intestinal myofibroblasts have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease via interactions with an elaborate network of cytokines, growth factors, and other inflammatory mediators. CXCR3 is a G (cid:1) i protein-coupled receptor that binds the proinflammatory chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, which are released from the intestinal epithelium. The three CXCR3 ligands shared the ability to activate biochemical (e.g., PI3K and MAPK activation) and functional events (actin reorganization) in intestinal myofibroblasts. However, CXCL11 is unique in its ability to elevate intracellular calcium. Surprisingly, although CXCR3 mRNA is detectable in these myofibroblasts, there is no detectable surface expression of CXCR3. Furthermore, the biochemical responses and actin reorganization stimulated by the CXCR3 ligands in intestinal myofibroblasts are insensitive to the G (cid:1) i inhibitor, pertussis toxin. This suggests either the existence of differential receptor coupling mechanisms in myofibroblasts for CXCR3 that are distinct from those observed in PBLs and/or that these cells express a modified or variant CXCR3 compared with the CXCR3 expressed on PBLs. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 5403–5411. CXCR3 the


The analysis is presented here for the design of engineering systems where materials and uniform structures are used. In this study the damping effect on thermal vibrations of an isotropic, elastic, rectangular plate of uniform thickness is considered. The frequencies corresponding to first four modes of vibration have been computed for the different combinations of boundary conditions and various values of thermal gradient and damping parameter by applying the method of Frobenius for the solution of the governing differential equation of motion. Keywords--Young modulus, Thermal gradient, Damping parameter, frequency parameter, Deflections and Moments.


Due to the nature of routine data collection, errors in outcomes and covariates can be inevitable in observational studies; for added complexity, these errors can be correlated. To correct the errors, validation studies are often conducted, but usually only for subsets of the database due to their monetarily and time-wise expensive nature, especially for large datasets. In this vignette, we introduce the sleev package, which implements the sieve maximum likelihood estimation (SMLE) of Tao et al. (2021) and Lotspeich et al. (2021b) to conduct valid and efficient inference using the partially validated, error-prone data. The SMLE is robust as it models the distribution of errors nonparametrically. It allows for non-random validation sample selection mechanisms. The main functions in sleev are linear2ph() and logistic2ph(), which handle linear and logistic regression, respectively, in the presence of errors in both the outcome and covariates.


Abstract Ongoing efforts to support Age Friendly University (AFU) principles must be campus-wide and include commitment from upper administration, faculty, staff, and students. This presentation will describe the leveraging of a new community-based collective partnership to develop a student internship model at Central Connecticut State University (CCSU) that could be used across campus to create a deeper investment in the AFU initiative. We will discuss the valuable collaboration with the Connecticut Healthy Living Collective, an emerging hub of state, regional and local agencies and organizations dedicated to healthy aging in communities throughout our state. The presenters will describe the process of establishing the Matter of Balance internship in psychological science with the support of our dean, knowing that it would eventually serve the broader AFU mission. We will highlight the value this intentional effort offers at multiple levels and how it might be replicated on other AFU campuses.


This article examines the budgetary security as a legal category, threats to the budgetary security of a legal nature, points to the shortcomings of legal regulation of budget irregularities and budget coercion measures provided for the Commission of wrongful acts. The aim of the study is the formulation of proposals for improving the budget legislation, the implementation of which will reduce the level of negative impact of threats to the security budget for the budget structure of the state. In the process of the study revealed that the current Russian legislation there is no concept of "budget security", list of threats to the budget security, not the budget for all violations impose budgetary sanctions, in the science of financial law is no consensus about the subjective side of the budget violations. The author proposes the definition of "budget security", the adoption of the strategy of financial security of the state, also developed Supplement budget legislation needed to ensure budgetary security.


As an irreversible historical trend after more than ten years' development,e-commerce has promoted the rapid development of the economy by also opening up a new sale channels the development of network technology.E-commerce provides consumers with a more convenient shopping experience.Being traditional manufacturing also eager a new kind of media to communicate with consumers.Basedon the analysis of the development status quo of Hongmu furniture e-commerce and the trend of Hongmu furniture e-commerce,the anthors lay out recommedations on how to promote Hongmu furniture e-commerce.


the appendix already mentioned, the end matter includes a glossary, a pretty thorough bibliography, and an index. The text is based on Ross's, though with some differences, which are annotated at the foot of the relevant page. There is no apparatus criticus as such. Each section of the translation, whether or not it corresponds with a chapter break, receives a brief italicized summary. The translation is excellent. G. has succeeded where many fail, in combining fidelity to Aristotle's Greek with largely readable English. The function of the notes is chiefly to explicate Aristotle's crabbed arguments and so guide the reader through the text, and to subject his theories to criticism. G. is sympathetic to Aristotle's views, and in this section of the book more often defends them than finds fault with them. Where there are gaps in the text—where, say, Aristotle is making some unknown assumptions—G. comes up with reasonable suggestions to fill the void. The introduction gives a broad overview of Aristotle's views on sleep and dreaming, and compares them both with pre-Aristotelian thought on the subject and with modern psychology (especially Freud) and philosophy (especially Malcolm). This approach is highly illuminating. Aristotle comes across as astonishingly modern, although G. is not afraid to point out where his work has been overtaken by recent discoveries, e.g. about the function of REM dreaming and the different depths of sleep. But compared with the views he inherited both from pre-philosophical tradition and from Plato (i.e. above all, that sleep is a state in which we are susceptible to the gods), the great pleasure of reading Aristotle is that he develops and defends a sensible, mechanistic theory of dreams, and allows it to stand on its own merits as rebuttal of any view that mentions the gods. Sleep for Aristotle is, in G.'s formulation, 'a state of perceptual incapacitation' (p. 20), and dreams are due to perceptual traces which linger in the sense-organs and become reactivated during sleep. Interestingly for a thinker who is generally regarded as highly given to teleology, it follows that dreams have no purpose or function. Aristotle allows that dreams may be 'daemonic' or subject to uncanny external influences—but, G. argues, Aristotle is not referring to gods, but to factors such as chance. Overall, then, the treatises display an early application of Occam's razor which is a delight, and is in itself sufficient justification for G.'s isolating these three treatises and making a single book out of them.


Investigation into the presence of C. ruminantium antigen, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in various tick tissues and haemolymph of adult Amblyomma hebraeum ticks revealed that the organism invades a number of body parts and can be demonstrated in A. hebraeum. In females, the gut, salivary glands, hypodermis and synganglion and in males, the salivary glands and gut showed the highest concentration.


High-quality crystals of Tm3+:CNGS were successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The laser performance of the trigonal crystal system at 2 μm is presented for the first time, and the structural, thermal, and spectral properties are also reported.


In the context of modern urbanization and rapid urban expansion, large-scale urban green space is vacant, Driving the development of urban green space has become a new trend of urban development in China. This paper takes the landscape design of Meihe road Meihe belt green space Park in Xinzheng City of Henan Province as the research object. Through the design of "Prosperity and Growth Are Mutually Beneficial", combining the theme with the concept of ecological design, and taking the change process of people's healthy growth as the main line of the whole park green space development, we hope to present the public with a unique idea, reasonable and appropriate modern landscape planning method of urban suburban green space.


1005 Background: We previously reported that in the E5194 clinical trial patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with wide local excision (WLE) without radiation (RT), the DCIS Score was significantly associated with 10 year risk of an ipsilateral breast event (IBE - recurrence of in situ or invasive carcinoma), whether evaluated as a continuous or categorical variable (P=0.02 for both). Here we evaluate correlation between DCIS Score and clinicopathologic (CP) features and if DCIS Score provides independent recurrence risk information. Methods: The study population included 327 women with DCIS prospectively selected for treatment with WLE without RT, including low-intermediate grade tumors ≤2.5 cm or high-grade ≤1 cm. CP variables included age, menopausal status, tamoxifen treatment (used in 29%) and expert centrally determined tumor size, grade, comedo necrosis, tumor type, and margin status. The association between DCIS Score and CP variables was examined by spearman rank correlation, and...


This paper is dedicated to young researchers in diabetes. One such person was Frederick Banting who, with his colleagues, isolated insulin in 1921, saving the lives of literally millions of people. What factors allowed Banting and other scientists to produce work that has immensely benefited the human race? I propose that it is the combination of good scientific background (the 'prepared mind'), commonly some serendipity taken with a good dose of common sense and supplemented by enthusiasm, tenacity and good mentoring, which drives the 'power of observation' and the ability to take forward the good idea. I give examples from history to support this and then discuss some of the 'truths, perspectives and controversies' within the diabetes arenawhenIfirststartedindiabetesresearchinthelate1970s.Idescribehowmyappetitewasinitially'whetted'forresearchby moving to an excellent clinical research environment with encouragement to test ideas and controversies initially in a clinical research programme, followed by more scientific ⁄basic research. The work that I performed as a young doctor and research fellow led to a lifelong professional interest in three major areas—causes and interventions for diabetes vascular disease, studies ofthemoleculargeneticsofType 1andType 2diabetesandworkondiabetesindifferentethnicgroups.Iprovideasummation of my own and other people's work to demonstrate how research can be progressed and lead to patient benefit as well as providinganincrediblyrewardingcareer.Ibelievethatweneedtoencourageandputmoreresourcesintodevelopmentofyoung doctorsandscientistswishingtoundertakeresearchinourdiscipline.Areasripeformuch-neededclinicalresearchprogrammes, for example, include work on best practice ⁄provision of health care, application of the evidence base from clinical trials to achieve public health gains, attention to adherence issues and better-tolerated therapies. Most importantly, a greater emphasis on prevention through public health measures and 'buy in' from the whole population is urgently required. Diabet. Med. 28, 1289‐1299 (2011)


Heterogeneous concurrent computing, based on the traditional process-oriented model, is approaching its functionality and performance limits. An alternative paradigm, based on the concept of services, supporting data driven computation, and built on a lightweight process infrastructure, is proposed to enhance the functional capabilities and the operational efficiency of heterogeneous network-based concurrent computing. TPVM is an experimental prototype system supporting exportable services, thread-based computation, and remote memory operations that is built as an extension of and an enhancement to the PVM concurrent computing system. TPVM offers a significantly different computing paradigm for network-based computing, while maintaining a close resemblance to the conventional PVM model in the interest of compatibility and ease of transition Preliminary experiences have demonstrated that the TPVM framework presents a natural yet powerful concurrent programming interface, while being capable of delivering performance improvements of upto thirty percent.


As an expert of HAN YI,Men Xi belongs to the JIN WEN School.However,Xu Shu Chong takes the Men Shi Yi as an Ancient text.We think that this "GU WEN" refers to the Ancient text.In this paper,from the Yi Studies System of Xu Shen,Men Shi Yi that Xu Shen saw is a little difference with "GU WEN YI" and Men Shi Yi that we can see now contains anicient text these aspects, we are trying to prove this issue.


While desktop virtual reality (VR) offers a way to visualize structure in large information sets, there have been relatively few empirical investigations of visualization designs in this domain. This thesis reports the development and testing of a series of prototype desktop VR worlds, which were designed to support navigation during information visualization and retrieval. Four methods were used for data collection: search task scoring, subjective questionnaires, navigational activity logging and analysis, and administration of tests for spatial and structure-learning ability. The combination of these research methods revealed significant effects of user abilities, information environment designs, and task learning.
The first of four studies compared three versions of a structured virtual landscape, finding significant differences in sense of presence, ease of use, and overall enjoyment; there was, however, no significant difference in performance among the three landscape versions. The second study found a hypertext interface to be superior to a VR interface for task performance, ease of use, and rated efficiency; nevertheless, the VR interface was rated as more enjoyable. The third study used a new layout algorithm; the resulting prototype was rated as easier to use and more efficient than the previous VR version. In the fourth study, a zoomable, map-like view of the newest VR prototype was developed. Experimental participants found the map-view superior to the 3D-view for task performance and rated efficiency.
Overall, this research did not find a performance advantage for using 3D versions of VR. In addition, the results of the fourth study found that people in the lowest quartile of spatial ability had significantly lower search performance (relative to the highest three quartiles) in a VR world. This finding suggests that individual differences for traits such as spatial ability may be important in determining the usability and acceptability of VR environments.
In addition to the experimental results summarized above, this thesis also developed and refined a methodology for investigating tasks, users, and software in 3D environments. This methodology included tests for spatial and structure-learning abilities, as well as logging and analysis of a user's navigational activities.


in present days, digitization of data becomes increasingly popular. Along with the digitization, the problem must be faced that is the shortage of storage space and the security of the data. Information handled on internet and multimedia network system is in digital form. The copying of digital content without quality loss is not so difficult. Due to this, there are more chances of copying of such digital information. So, there is great need of prohibiting such illegal copyright of digital media. Digital watermarking is the powerful solution to this problem. It has been an active and fast advancing research area since the 1990s. During the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in both theoretical research and system development. However, there remain many challenging research problems that continue to attract researchers from multiple disciplines. This paper presents a brief review about the different hybrid image watermarking techniques and approaches.


CPU 18, which detects from the pressure signal detected at the measurement site during the pressure cuff by the cuff 30 in the pulse wave 30, and to acquire blood flow sound generated in the corresponding period of reduced blood flow sound signal . Then generates: a data pulse wave envelope, which amplitude value of the pulse wave detected at the time of the compression pressure and the pulse wave generated by correlation; data flow sound envelope, in which blood flow sound signal the amplitude value at which the compression pressure and blood flow sound signals generated associating; pulse wave data using envelope data and blood flow sound envelope, whether blood pressure variation occurs periodically during the reduced pressure Analyzing .


The basic structure and equipments of the surface beamline and endstation of NSRL were introduced.The test processes and results for the determination of resolution power,flux,calibration of photon energies were reported.During the process of commissioning of the station the photon flux was measured by photo-electronic diode(IRD AXUV-100) and the response curves for three different gratings were obtained by a gold mesh.Finally,some published results from the users were reviewed.The test and experiment results indicate that the surface physics beamline and endstation of NSRL can satisfy the users' need for ARPES experiments.


In his contribution ''Discourse Topic'', Nicholas Asher questions the desirability of pursuing a general and unified notion of discourse topic, arguing that ''di¤erent coherence relations make di¤erent demands on what topics should do''. He and I are of like minds with respect to the inclination to view this question from the perspective of a theory of discourse coherence that involves the inference of relations as holding among discourse segments. As there is ample independent evidence that such inference processes are an essential part of discourse comprehension, it is only fruitful to assess the status of discourse topic over and above the work already done by coherence establishment: Is a separate notion of discourse topic necessary, or does it emerge purely as an epiphenomenon? Asher draws the conclusion that topics are not needed when most coherence relations are operative – they emerge naturally from the semantics of relations like Parallel and Contrast, and are superfluous for causal and subordinating relations – but that the construction of a topic is an essential part of establishing Narration. My contribution is divided into two parts. I will first briefly explain why the evidence that Narration is di¤erent from other relations is not compelling enough for me to abandon the idea that discourse topichood is entirely emergent from discourse coherence. I then follow with what I consider to be evidence for an interaction between a more local notion of topic and coherence establishment.


Abstract Power factor correction (PFC) converters are of three types, namely, boosttype, buck-boost-type, and buck-type. Out of these, boost-type is the standard type of PFC converter, which is used in a wide range of applications. Buck-boost-type converters, in contrast, are used for more specific applications. Although the buck-type converters have been rarely used previously, they have been used for applications such as LED drivers in recent years. Moreover, buck-type converters have some advantages: they are suitable for low output voltages, and are lighter and compact compared to buck-boost-type converters. Therefore, they should be used for a wider range of applications. In this paper, we propose a buck-type PFC converter using a novel control strategy, which realizes outstanding results for simple circuits. Furthermore, the operating principles of the control circuit and an evaluation of the results for a 100-W prototype are described in detail.


Abstract Medical schools must incorporate the teaching of professionalism into the curriculum to ensure that the next generations of physicians are prepared for a compassionate, humane, and ethical professional practice, suitable to the interests of society in a world with ever-increasing and ever-changing demands. This study's greatest contribution is to highlight the interns' poor performance in the legal and support aspects of the situations addressed. The data speak in favor of an institutionalized training policy as the first step toward getting the healthcare sector to prioritize competence in healthcare for victims of violence related to gender and non-heterosexual sexuality.


and by Martin Biddle in his chapter on Henry's great house of Wolvesey. Several contributors also emphasize Henry's intellectual horizons. Claire Donovan's chapter on the Winchester Bible shows the extent of Henry's patronage and oversight of this collaborative project, presenting important challenges to previous interpretations of its production. Kynan-Wilson discusses how Henry was recognized by contemporaries not only for his lavish taste but also for his learning and eloquence and, especially, his identification with Roman culture. Little trace of Henry's own voice remains, though one of his two administrative treatises survives in a later work, and a number of contemporaries wrote about him. Edmund King makes the intriguing argument that two forged charters attributed to Henry give an appearance of authenticity because the Winchester monks were able to hear and mimic his voice in the years after his death. King's chapter also includes a useful reconstruction of The Deeds of William and Henry, bishops of Winchester, written by Robert, prior of Winchester. Matthew Mesley examines how William of Wycombe, Gerald of Wales, and later Glastonbury tradition judged Henry, and how they presented him as model of episcopal conduct, a defender of ecclesiastical liberties, and a successful ruler of the churches committed to his care. These chapters in this volume do not present a uniform picture of Henry of Blois, but they do amount to a revision of previous assessments. Henry appears as a more complex figure and his achievement more significant: a prelate whose horizons extended well beyond England to Cluny, Rome, and the Mediterranean; who used his proximity to the king for the benefit of ecclesiastical liberty; and whose magnificence and expensive tastes helped to build up the churches of Glastonbury and Winchester. The contributors' focus on such themes as Henry's administrative writings, his identity as a Cluniac, comparisons between Henry and Abbot Suger of St-Denis, and his contribution to the development of Winchester Cathedral, help to open up paths to new research. Not the least of the qualities of this collection is that it addresses issues that go beyond Henry of Blois himself: the office of legate in the twelfth century, English ideas of romanitas, the production of luxury books, episcopal practice and ideal in Anglo-Norman England. This volume presents a welcome reassessment of a hugely important figure in twelfth-century England and offers useful insights into the world he inhabited.


wheels and rollers. Requirements related to performance of polyurethane (PU) elastomers in these various applications include hardness (durometer) and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and compression set. Issues related to production of PU elastomers include viscosity, cost, and water content of raw materials. Formulators of PU elastomers use a variety of additives to address these performance requirements and production issues.


in Electrical engineering University 1995. His current research interests lie in the area of low-power embedded systems, high-performance computing, parallel processing, cluster and high-available architectures, computer networking, digital system design, etc. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from The Ohio University, OH, USA and Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA in 1987 and 1998, respectively. His research interests include high performance computing, parallel and distributed process-ing, bioinformatics and computational biology, and embedded systems. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an efficient three-module pedagogical system for embedded systems learning, which will provide students effective ways of learning embedded systems through basic concepts, current technology for hardware and software design, and team projects. The proposed pedagogical approach is based on systematic learning through evidence-based teaching, knowledge mobilization, and research strategies. In our approach, it is recommended to use two platforms, µVision (simulator) and one microcontroller (hardware), such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is a small (900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 CPU) single-board computer developed by Raspberry Pi Foundation and Arduino is the most popular microcontroller (based on the ATmega328), which is a flexible and easy-to-use device for conducting various embedded systems projects. Those platforms have been used for many embedded systems projects, including home automation, IoT (Internet of Things), robots, games, and servers.


The solid complex formed from bromine and silver benzoate reacts with both arenes and alkanes to form aryl and alkyl benzoates, respectively. Highly unusual substituent effects are observed in the benzoyloxylations of arenes. Electron-withdrawing groups (e.g. –NO2, –CN, –CO–) on the aromatic ring facilitate reaction though directing the attacking reagent exclusively to the meta position. In alkanes, tertiary positions are most prone to attack.


Author(s): Lawrie, Katharine Anne | Advisor(s): Gilliland, Anne | Abstract: Born-digital social communities are evolving into rich places of cultural interaction. A lack of broad awareness of these communities is leading to an unfortunate situation in which we increasingly lose the chance to document this developing area of contemporary culture, resulting in a regrettable gap in future knowledge. The archival situation is in need of change. This study attempts to discern the contemporary situation and propose strategies for improvement. Attitudes toward archiving among professional and public communities are explored. A pervasive sense of confusion mingles with issues of privacy, preservation, and purpose among internet-savvy community members. Aided by community collaboration, potential solutions are reached. The dramatic need for dissemination of information to the public, to empower personal archiving actions and prevent loss of cultural data, is made clear. Conclusions provide material from which to extrapolate practical and beneficial archival actions in the future preservation and documentation of digital communities.


Highlight Colloids in dairy wastewater could be destabilized by adding ferric chloride Aspergillus niger could increase protein and decreased the crude fiber in wheat bran Wheat bran fermentation could be carried out in room temperature during three days Fish feed formulation was conducted by solving simultaneous linear equations Sludge of dairy wastewater and fermented wheat bran could be utilized as fish feed Abstract Dairy wastewater contains suspended solids, which are very difficult to settle naturally. This waste could be treated by using ferric chloride, due to its ability to bind suspended solid and to form brown solid of Iron (III) hydroxide. The optimal amount of FeCl3 in coagulating dairy wastewater was 0.15 g of FeCl3 for every 250 mL of wastewater. This sludge could be utilized into something useful for the organism. The sludge of dairy wastewater could be mixed with other ingredients to make fish feed. Wheat bran, one of the ingredients used to make fish feed, was fermented using Aspergillus niger to increase the crude protein content and to lower crude fiber content. The addition of fermented wheat bran in fish feed formulation could increase the crude protein content in feed B (which had 0.085% iron) by 5.78% and feed C (which had 1.703% iron) by 5.17%. By using simultaneous linear equations, fish feed formulation was conducted by adding sludge of dairy wastewater, fermented wheat bran, rebon flour, starch, and vitamin C. In this research, two variations of fish feeds were made (feed B and feed C). The results indicated that feed B and feed C had better stability and buoyancy than feed A, as the commercial feed. Feed C also had the biggest crude protein of all feeds, amounting to 32.057%. Feed C also gave the best result in increasing nile tilapia's growth rate. The result showed that sludge of dairy wastewater and fermented wheat bran could be added to fish feed formulation.


The first group of essays address Benet's life, times, and personal relationships. Thomas Carr Benet reminisces about his father in the first essay, and others consider Benet's marriage to his wife Rosemary; Archibald MacLeish, Thornton Wilder and Benet as friends, liberal humanists and public activists; and his friendships with Philip Barry, Jed Harris, and Thornton Wilder. The second group contains essays about Benet's poetry, fiction, and drama. They discuss Benet's role in the development of historical poetry in America, John Brown's Body and the Civil War, Hawthorne, Benet and historical fiction, Benet's Faustian America, the adaptation of "The Devil and Daniel Webster" to drama and then to film, Benet's use of fantasy and science fiction, and Benet as a dramatist for stage, screen and radio.


Summary We report on photodynamic therapy with orally and intravesically applied 5-aminolevulinic acid using coherent laser-light or alternatively a white light source in patients with recurrent, multifocal superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and upper urothelial tract. We determined whether this treatment was effective in destroying urothelial carcinoma and preventing recurrent disease. We also evaluated the side effects of this therapy. The studies shall help define the optimal target group of patients and are considered the basis for long term and multicenter studies. The initial clinical results indicate that photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid is an effective organ-preserving procedure for treating multifocal superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract and bladder, even in patients with refractory urothelial carcinoma and is effective in selectively destroying flat neoplastic lesions like carcinoma in situ. None of the patients showed phototoxic skin reactions or loss of bladder capacity. To avoid hemodynamic side effects, the intravesical route of 5-aminolevulinic acid application is preferable.


The most of all Spanish (Valencia) online youths ages 12–17 are using online social networking sites (by internet and mobile technology), according to a new local survey of teenagers conducted by Valencia University, Fepad & Polytechnic University of Valencia.


We present a lattice QCD study of charmonium resonances and bound states with $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ and $3^{--}$ near the open-charm threshold, taking into account their strong transitions to $\bar DD$. Vector charmonia are the most abundant in the experimentally established charmonium spectrum, while recently LHCb reported also the first discovery of a charmonium with likely spin three. The $\bar DD$ scattering amplitudes for partial waves $l=1$ and $l=3$ are extracted on the lattice by means of the Luscher formalism, using multiple volumes and inertial frames. Parameterizations of the scattering amplitudes provide masses and widths of the resonances, as well as the masses of bound states. CLS ensembles with 2+1 dynamical flavors of non-perturbatively $O(a)$ improved Wilson quarks are employed with $m_\pi\simeq 280$ MeV, a single lattice spacing of $a\simeq0.086$ fm and two lattice spatial extents of $L=24$ and $32$. Two values of the charm quark mass are considered to examine the influence of the position of the $\bar{D}D$ threshold on the hadron masses. For the lighter charm quark mass we find the vector resonance $\psi(3770)$ with mass $m=3780(7)$ MeV and coupling $g=16.0(^{+2.1}_{-0.2})$ (related to the width), both consistent with their experimental values. The vector $\psi(2S)$ appears as a bound state with $m=3666(10)$ MeV. The charmonium resonance with $J^{PC}=3^{--}$ is found at $m=3831(^{+10}_{-16})$ MeV, consistent with the $X(3842)$ recently discovered by LHCb. At our heavier charm-quark mass the $\psi(2S)$ as well as the $\psi(3770)$ are bound states and the $X(3842)$ remains a resonance. We stress that all quoted uncertainties are only statistical, while lattice spacing effects and the approach to the physical point still need to be explored. This study of conventional charmonia sets the stage for more challenging future studies of unconventional charmonium-like states.


Public transportation became a prime carrier of "moving images" in many consumer cultures. The main interest was to investigate how many advertisements participants can retrieve from memory and what was their general opinion on outdoor advertising. A field and online survey (both in form of questionnaire) were carried out in a group of 1200 participants. They were divided in six groups and analyzed according to their age, gender and frequency of using the public transportation. The results indicate that memory of outdoor advertising decreases with age. The participants most frequently agreed with the assertion/claim that outdoor advertisement on city buses of Ljubljana impedes the outside view through the window of the bus making it difficult to orient themselves according to surrounding. Advertisers could take this into account and avoid posting ads on the bus windows, or limit this to the parts where ads are least distracting the users.


It has often been remarked that surprisingly few parts of the algorithms which define an operating system require the use of unsafe, low-level language features {1}. Nevertheless, the lack of safety inherent in these parts will propagate to the whole system if an appropriate methodology is not used. It seems desirable to structure programs in such a way that parts with different safety levels are clearly separated and identifiable. The LIS solution to this problem involves the use of two language levels which are used in separate contexts. The general language is a Pascal-like language with the safety that this implies {2, 3}. On the other hand, the use of unsafe features is restricted to so-called implementation parts associated with each declaration level of the program.
 Several authors {4, 5, 6} have pointed out the advantages of having a two-step data definition, namely, a first step concerned with the semantic properties and a second dealing with the effective realization. In what follows we present the LIS approach to this question and show that the safety levels inherent to these two steps are different. The second step requires implementation specifications which appear in implementation parts.


This article compares the actions and charges against characters in early Robin Hood tales to historical accounts of individuals charged with outlawry. The commonality between the tales of Robin Hood and historic charges of outlawry is the idea of being in contempt of court through non-appearance. Historic individuals charged with outlawry could have all their liberties under common law removed, their lands and goods confiscated by the crown, and they could be seized and taken to prison without warning. The literary Robin Hood's experiences mirror those of these historic individuals, and comparison between tales and history demonstrate the range of behaviors audiences found plausible: wrongful charges, untrustworthy officials, plaintiffs who challenged their charges while imprisoned, and those who fought charges from outside the system as outlaws.


Applications of stochastic methods to produce multiple realizations are being widely used to showcase the ability to capture uncertainty. However, the practical and feasible approach to simulate single model for performance prediction is widely abound. Obviously, most practical case studies therefore use stochastic methods to generate single model focused to manage best case scenario close to deterministically arrived number and supporting low and high cases managed conveniently around this best case. The so called best case of non-measurable confidence and unknown probabilities are then subjected to future performance and business decisions. This may lead to unpleasant surprises and affect the business. This can be reduced or avoided by generating complete distribution of resource to support conscious business decision. This can be achieved by creating only two stochastic models as end members to define the complete statistical distribution of outcomes. There exists larger uncertainty in all parameters of interest than it can be captured through hard/soft data. Conventional methods of generating multiple realizations are heavily guided by histogram of sampled properties, local conditioning probability, and modeled spatial variability. Often various complex characterization and modeling parameters and its effect on the "big picture" is beyond the grip of working geoscientists to generate models delinked to known data averages. It is proposed to incorporate independent variability in all parameters for geostatistical propagation between the end members aimed at generating geological possibilities of most pessimistic and most optimistic scenarios. The premise is that the multiple realizations as outcome of single input parameters (e.g. variogram, histogram, facies proportion etc.) fail to capture the much needed full range of uncertainty. The proposed method helps to capture all possibilities of the phenomenon which may causes uncertainty. Models at different uncertainty levels can be physically extracted between end members using simple improvisation of processes within the modeling tool. A large advantage of this method is that all possibilities and interrelationship between different types of data with uncertainty are automatically managed between two end members. Such geologically consistent range of


Now is the urgent task of creating a problem-oriented computing system (POCS) that is intended to solve specific classes of problems. One such class of problems is the reversing cryptographic hash functions by using preliminary calculations. The article solves the problem of achieving a balance between computational performance and throughput of the memory system when using the so-called rainbow tables. Provides assessment solution time and the required amount of memory depending on the complexity and configuration of the computing system. One of their main technique parameters rainbow chains is chain length L. The estimates obtained allow us to choose the optimal value of L depending on the current configuration of the computing system. Growth of complexity of the solved tasks can demand modernization of POVS. It appears if modernization it is planned to conduct in a "extensive" way when the relative growth of number of computing units (CU) advances the relative growth of productivity of separate CU, with a growth of the general intensity of inquiries to memory, their specific intensity decreases. At "intensive" development of POVS when the relative growth of productivity of separate CU advances the relative growth of number of CU, also requirements to the specific productivity of system of memory grow.


The article aims at defining the specificity of Arduino technology from the perspective of the culture in which it has been developing, i.e. on the border of the culture of prosumption and participation. Arduino's development environment has been researched on the basis of existing data and source literature by analyzing the relationship between a user, an object and technology based on processes such as openness, adaptability, standardization, personalization, self-customization, democratization of technology, and peer cooperation.


The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of the cash disbursement internal control system with a focus on purchasing activities at the Ramada By Wyndham Bali Sunset Road Kuta Hotel. The analysis was carried out using a descriptive method. The results show that the internal control system for cash disbursements for purchases has been running quite well starting from the organizational structure, authorization system and recording procedures, sound practices and employee quality. However, there are doubles made for cash holders and petty cash holders as well as in the purchasing and receiving departments
Keywords: Internal Control System; Cash Disbursement; Purchase


A novel reliability management model is proposed to realize the centralization management of various information systems of power supply reliability and data sharing.The proposed information system of reliability management integrates different reliability management models such as reliability micro-management,reliability parameters management,objective management and assessment,statistics and analysis,indicator theoretical prediction,device defect management,scheduling outage management,network planning into one system,and can share data with other application systems without data duplication.This management mode is helpful to know the states of power systems and to eliminate equipment hidden trouble more effectively and timely,and can provide decision-making basis for operation,planning and construction of power systems.


The article is devoted to the study of the main indicators of the Ukrainian labor market and the phenomenon of labor migration to the countries of the European Union and the world in general. The peculiarity of this situation and migration policy in our country consists in Ukraine acting simultaneously as the country of origin, destination and transit of migrants. On the one hand, this leads to many problems occurring, on the other hand, it is opening up new opportunities related to migration. The basis of our research was the official statistics of the country's population movements. The analysis of supply and demand in the labor market showed that the supply level was drastically increased. However, the availability of vacancies allows us to state the dissatisfaction of potential employees with those because of their allowance. The structure of unemployment among various professional groups was also investigated. We analyzed the directions, age groups and employment sectors of Ukrainian labor migrants. Moreover, we looked into the financial income of workers from the major labor donor countries. We discovered that the top three countries of labor migration are the Philippines, Pakistan and Ukraine. According to the results of the study of financial revenues, it is found that long-term migrants' transfers to Ukraine make up almost half of the households' budget. It has also been ascertained that the uncontrolled arrival of workers from abroad increases competition in the national labor market, which may cause a decrease in real wages and an increase in unemployment. Illegal staying of foreigners, and especially them working here, provokes the development of criminal structures, undermining the legal system. Also, foreign migrants who are not cared for by their native country can become an additional burden on the host country's social system.


The etching characteristics of GaN films prepared by several different methods were investigated. The polarity of all the GaN samples was first determined by coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy (CAICISS). From the relationship between the etching characteristics and the polarity it is confirmed that selective etching in KOH solution is consistent with the polarity rather than either the deposition method or the surface morphology. These etching characteristics are related to the polarity of the surface.


PIPKI-α does a job other PIPKI isoforms cannot; it recruits Rac1 to the plasma membrane upon integrin activation, spatially regulating the actin-organizing GTPase during migration.


Background : Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis is performed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. The prognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneous death or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presenting the clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings. Case : This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia, bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdense nodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and mass effect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in the CT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalon was subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from the height of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slight compression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathology indicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillar material (fibrin) and others with organized thrombus containing occasional neutrophil aggregates. The endothelial cells had cytoplasm with indistinct borders, elongated nuclei, scanty crust-like chromatin, and cellular pleomorphism ranging from discrete to moderate, without mitotic figures. Discussion : The histological findings characterized the morphological changes in the brain as cavernous hemangioma, and the growth and compression of this neoplasm were considered the cause of the clinical signs of this dog. The main complaint was seizures, although ataxia and lethargy were also noted. These clinical signs are often related to changes in the anterior brain and brainstem. The literature does not list computed tomography as a complementary diagnostic method in cases of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in dogs, but CT scanning was useful in confirming cerebral hemorrhage. The main differential diagnosis for cerebral cavernous hemangioma would be a hamartoma, but what differentiates them histologically is the presence of normal interstices between the blood vessels, since no intervening neural tissue occurs in the case of cerebral hemangioma. Therefore, even in the absence of immunohistochemistry to more confidently confirm a cavernous hemangioma, the clinical signs, CT scans and especially the pathological findings were consistent with a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma, a benign neoplasm with a poor prognosis due to the severe neurological changes it causes and its difficult treatment.


Abstract Over the Ross Sea shelf, annual primary production is limited by dissolved iron (DFe) supply. Here, a major source of DFe to surface waters is thought to be vertical resupply from the benthos, which is assumed most prevalent during winter months when katabatic winds drive sea ice formation and convective overturn in coastal polynyas, although the impact of these processes on water‐column DFe distributions has not been previously documented. We collected hydrographic data and water‐column samples for trace metals analysis in the Terra Nova Bay and Ross Ice Shelf polynyas during April–May 2017 (late austral fall). In the Terra Nova Bay polynya, we observed intense katabatic wind events, and surface mixed layer depths varied from ∼250 to ∼600 m over lateral distances <10 km; there vertical mixing was just starting to excavate the dense, iron‐rich Shelf Waters, and there was also evidence of DFe inputs at shallower depths in the water column. In the Ross Ice Shelf polynya, wind speeds were lower, mixed layers were <300 m deep, and DFe distributions were similar to previous, late‐summer observations, with concentrations elevated near the seafloor. Corresponding measurements of dissolved manganese and zinc, and particulate iron, manganese, and aluminum, suggest that deep DFe maxima and some mid‐depth DFe maxima primarily reflect sedimentary inputs, rather than remineralization. Our data and model simulations imply that vertical resupply of DFe in the Ross Sea occurs mainly during mid‐late winter, and may be particularly sensitive to changes in the timing and extent of sea ice production.


We consider a problem of decomposition of a ternary function into a composition of binary ones from the viewpoint of communication complexity and algorithmic information theory as well as some applications to cellular automata.


Article shortly reviews the international seminar "Ethnosocial processes in Inner Asia", that took place in early July 2011 in Petrozavodsk, Russia within the 9th Congress of Ehnologists and Anthropologists of Russia.


A low voltage four-quadrant analog multiplier circuit is presented. Based on triode region operation of MOSFET, the multiplier circuit can be simply realized by connecting a pair of PMOS with three flipped voltage follower circuits. As a result, the proposed circuit is compact and can be operated under low voltage supply. Circuit simulation using SPICE with 0.35 micron CMOS model parameter shows that under 1.5 V single supply the proposed multiplier provides linear range of more than 50% of voltage supply (measured from THD less than 1%) and small signal bandwidth is higher than 95 MHz while the entire circuit consumes 46.4 muW of electrical power


Oxygen isotopes were equilibrated between carbon dioxide and calcite at four temperatures in the range 350� to 610�C and between carbon dioxide and dolomite at 350� and 400�C. Carbon of unusual isotopic composition was used as a tracer to demonstrate the nature and extent of the exchange process. Extrapolation of these data at lower temperatures indicates that at 25�C dolomite is enriched in oxygen-18 by 6.8 per mil with respect to calcite. This result indicates that those natural dolomite-calcite assemblages which show very small fractionations were not formed in isotopic equilibrium.


The National Science Foundation funded in 1991 a research program to meet the needs of the nation for effective and economical methods to repair or retrofit masonry structures. The project, organized as a joint University-Industry effort between the University of Colorado and Atkinson-Noland Associates, Inc., developed and executed a comprehensive research study which has resulted in new materials and procedures for the repair of masonry by injection grouting. Atkinson- Noland, serving as a consulting engineer, has applied the results of the research study to the repair of existing masonry buildings. Two of these projects, one involving three elementary schools and the other a church rectory are described.


The assumptions behind the past ten years of economic and legal reform in the People's Republic of China ("PRC") have been rooted in the belief that creation of a legal regulatory mechanism can engender the very institution which the law has been created to regulate. Although this may sound like a logical conundrum, Chinese experience has recently confirmed it. For example, the 1979 Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Law' encouraged the creation of limited liability equity joint ventures between Chinese and foreign participants where no such entities had existed before the law's promulgation. Indeed, no company law of general applicability has ever been put forward by the PRC Government, and only in the past few years have some of the implications of the term "limited liability" been explicated by the newly announced General Principles of Civil Law.2 In general, this experience controverts the usual relationship between economic and legal change. Over the course of history, legal regulation has necessarily lagged behind developments in the economic sphere, imposed when the appearance of or the evolution of certain phenomena has created a need for it.3 Much more rarely have legal rules been drafted with a view to creating wholly new economic institutions which presumably would not otherwise arise. The problems in the PRC which both engender and explain this seeming paradox are that the demands of its statist political order will not allow any new actor to emerge in the economy without explicit authorization from the state, which only legislation can provide; and, conversely, certain components of a modern economy require the support of a regulatory framework to function properly, making the existence of such regulation a


Highly open, porous polymer or poly(high internal phase emulsion) (polyHIPE) obtained from polymerized high internal phase emulsions (HIPE) have recently attracted much attention and increasing interest in tissue engineering applications because of their excellent properties. This research is aimed at preparing and developing a process for producing polyHIPE for use as a scaffold in tissue engineering applications. Poly(styrene/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly(S/EGDMA)) loaded with hydroxyapatite was used to prepare the polyHIPE. Further improvement on hydrophilicity and biological response to tissue fluids of the polyHIPE porous polymer was carried out using a nanolayer coating via the layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) technique. Three types of chemicals were used for coating on the surface of the polyHIPE porous polymer such as poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS), gelatin (GEL), and alginic acid (ALG). The change in surface properties of the modified poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and contact angle measurement. Further assessments consisted of cytotoxicity testing, cell attachment, and proliferation of L929, fibroblast-like cells that were seeded on the surface of the polyHIPE porous polymer. A three-dimensional structure poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE porous polymer with high porosity was successfully prepared. Moreover, it was found that surface modification encouraged poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE with a hydrophilic nanolayer, as observed by the decrease in contact angle degree and cell adhesion of L929 fibroblast-like cells, indicating that the poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE porous polymer was effectively improved by using the layer-by-layer technique. It was revealed by MTT assay that the poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE porous polymer coated with a nanolayer of a polyelectrolyte multilayer led to an enhancement in the amount of cell adhesion and proliferation on the modified poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE porous polymer. Additionally, the most effective polyelectrolyte solution for improving cell adhesion of the poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE was PSS.


Koenig and Koenig 1 have described an acute pulmonary edema following the administration of ammonium salts to different species. It appears to be specifically a result of the ammonium ion. The occurrence and gross appearance of this edema resembles epinephrine induced pulmonary edema and in an effort to obtain information about the mechanism of the ammonium pathology a study has been made of its relation to edema due to epinephrine and adrenergic stimuli. Experimental. Epinephrine induced pulmonary edema may be prevented by adrenergic blocking agents. 2 , 3 Their influence was observed upon ammonium pulmonary edema. Unfasted guinea pigs were divided into groups with the same sex distribution. All groups were lightly etherized to pass a stomach tube. Group 1, the controls, were given a sham dose of 10 cc water per kg body weight. All other groups received 1200 mg/kg of a 12% solution of NH4CI by oral gavage. Ten minutes before receiving the ammonium salt groups 3, 4 and 5 respectively received by intravenous injection in 1 cc saline/kg; 2 mg/kg of a B-haloethylamine, N-(9-fluorenyl) -N-ethyl-B-chloroethylamine-HCl ("SKF-501"); 2.5 mg/kg N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethylbenzhydrylamine-HCl ("SY-2"), which like "SKF-501" is an effective adrenergic blocking agent; and 1.5 mg/kg of the potent anttihistaminic N-B-dimethylaminopropylthiodiphenylamine - HCI ("Phenergao", 3277 R.P.). The presence of pulmonary edema was determined at an autopsy by gross inspection and lung weight was used as a measure of its extent. The summarized data comprise Table I. Group 1 was killed with ether while all of the animals in the other groups succumbed with convulsions 5-30 minutes after receiving the ammonium salt. The two adrenergic blocking agents and the antihistaminic all were without influence upon mortality. Since both of the adrenergic blocking agents completely prevented the ammonium edema but not the mortality, we may conclude that pulmonary edema need not be the cause of death fromtoxic doses of ammonium salts. The anthistaminic was without effect on the ammonium edema, which in this respect resembles the fulminating pulmonary edema due to epinephrine. 2


The energy distribution of the negative oxygen (O-) ions ejected from the oxide RF magnetron target is measured by a mass spectrometer including an energy analyzer (QMA-EA). Periodic peaks in O- energy distribution were detected at various experimental conditions. A shift of the peak energies was observed when the distance between the target and the QMA-EA was varied. A model to explain the periodic peaks in the energy distribution was proposed and then validated with experimental results. It was concluded that the periodic peaks are produced by modulation of O- energy distribution due to deceleration of O- ions in the oscillating electric field of the sheath formed in front of the grounded wall.


Let us first set up the most general structural formulation of two-valued logic. For our purposes the simplest case of only two propositions will suffice. Designate them as p and q, and also designate the two (postulated) truth values as T' and F, standing for "true" and "false". For a relation between the propositions the abbreviation R is convenient. Our problem is really to set up all the possible structures p R q in terms of the truth-values, I' and F, which are applicable to p, q and p R q, regardless of the meaning of p and q. We seek the fundamental morphology of R, its structural meaning. For the analysis of structure the most powerful procedure seems to be to set up a matrix or array, which reveals the group character and unity of all so-called alternative logics each of which glorifies a single version of R as primary. Immediately it is apparent that R can have only I6 possible interpretations, revealed as patterns of T' and F, as follows:


How to maintain the stability of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in wounds with massive wound fluids is important to accelerate wound healing. Here, a novel liposome with hydrogel core of silk fibroin (SF‐LIP) is successfully developed by the common liposomal template, followed by gelation of liquid SF inside vesicle under sonication. SF‐LIP is capable of encapsulating bFGF (SF‐bFGF‐LIP) with high efficiency, having a diameter of 99.8 ± 0.5 nm and zeta potential of −9.41 ± 0.10 mV. SF‐LIP effectively improves the stability of bFGF in wound fluids. After 8 h of incubation with wound fluids at 37 °C, more than 50% of free bFGF are degraded, while only 18.6% of the encapsulated bFGF in SF‐LIP are destroyed. Even after 3 d of preincubation with wound fluids, the cell proliferation activity and wound healing ability of SF‐bFGF‐LIP are still preserved but these are severely compromised for the conventional bFGF‐liposome (bFGF‐LIP). In vivo experiments reveal that SF‐bFGF‐LIP accelerates the wound closure of mice with deep second‐degree scald. Moreover, due to the protective effect and enhanced penetration ability, SF‐bFGF‐LIP is very helpful to induce regeneration of vascular vessel in comparison with free bFGF or bFGF‐LIP. The liposome with SF hydrogel core may be a potential carrier as growth factors for wound healing.


Study by X-ray microanalysis of 155 coloured grounds from French paintings of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries allowed us to establish the nature of their constituents. The colour was introduced by three varieties of pigment, brown earths, ochres and iron oxides which were used in combination with calcium carbonate, lead white and minium. This confirms the recipes mentioned in the old treatises. The presence of barium sulphate, unexpected in this period, is connected with the nature of the coloured pigments and the place of execution of the works.


Evaluating precisely the temporal variations of lesion volumes is very important for at least three types of practical applications: pharmaceutical trials, decision making for drug treatment or surgery and patient follow-up. The authors present a volumetric analysis technique, combining precise rigid registration of 3D medical images, nonrigid deformation computation and flowfield analysis. Their analysis technique has two outcomes: the detection of evolving lesions and the quantitative measurement of volume variations. The originality of their approach is that no precise segmentation of the lesion is needed but the approximative designation of a region of interest, which can be automatized. They distinguish between tissue transformation (image intensity changes without deformation) and expansion or contraction effects reflecting a change of mass within the tissue; a real lesion being generally the combination of both effects. The method is tested with synthesized 3D image sequences and applied, in a first attempt to quantify in vivo a mass effect, to the analysis of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS).


The invention discloses a transient state electricity energy quality information acquisition module with high sampling rate. The transient state electricity energy quality information acquisition module with high sampling rate comprises an input interface, a conditioning circuit (a current clamp is adopted for inputting information for a non-conditioning circuit), a protective circuit, an acquisition and control module and an output interface which are connected step by step; the input interface comprises a signal input module provided with eight acquisition channels; the conditioning circuit comprises a mutual inductor module; the protective circuit comprises an EMC (electro magnetic compatibility) anti-interference module and a withstand voltage protective module; the acquisition and control module is provided with an FPGA (field programmable gate array) module as the acquisition control module of a main control unit, and is connected between an ADC (analog to digital converter) module and the output interface, so that the sampling frequency is 102.4kHz maximally; the time precision error of synchronous acquisition of each acquisition channel is 1 microsecond maximally. The information collecting module provided by the invention is a front end collecting module of a transient state electricity energy quality monitoring/acquiring device, has a simple interface, is convenient to integrate, is high in sampling rate, is good in data synchronization, can accurately extract the transient state electricity energy quality information, and can be applied to transient state electricity energy quality monitoring devices.


The current study evaluated associations between attending a community-based youth program, neighborhood problems, and child depressive symptoms in a sample of 147 children (mean [M] age 58.22 years, 54.4% male). Findings suggested that both program attendance and neighborhood problems were uniquely associated with child depressive symptoms while also considering the variance associated with child delinquency, such that high levels of attendance and low levels of neighborhood problems were associated with low levels of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, a marginally statistically significant trend (po.06) for program attendance to buffer the effects of neighborhood problems on child depressive symptoms was found. Implications for findings are discussed. C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The pioneering analytical work of Harold Malcom Westergaard (1888-1950) has been at the heart of slab-on-grade pavement design since the 1920s. Every code of practice published since then makes reference to the "Westergaard solutions." These solutions are only available for three particular loading conditions (interior, edge, and corner) and assume a slab of infinite or semi-infinite dimensions. Since their first appearance, beginning in the early 1920s, Westergaard equations have often been misquoted or misapplied in subsequent publications. To remedy this situation, a reexamination of these solutions using the finite element method is described in this paper. A number of interesting results are presented: (a) Several equations ascribed to Westergaard in the literature are erroneous, usually as a result of a series of typographical errors or misapplications, or both. The correct form of these equations and their limitations have now been conclusively established. (b) Westergaard's original equation for edge stress is incorrect. The long-ignored equation given in his 1948 paper should be used instead. (c) Improved expressions for maximum corner loading responses have been developed. (d) Slab size requirements for the development of Westergaard responses have also been established.


In this work, densities of supercritical carbon dioxide and ethane containing naphthalene and octacosane were measured with a high-pressure vibrating tube densitometer. The measurements were carried out at temperatures of 308.2 and 318.2 K and pressures up to 20 MPa. A single-pass flow system is used in which the solid solute is continuously extracted with the supercritical fluid. The concentration of the extracted solute in the mixture is determined by depressurizing the solution and dissolving the solute in toluene. Densities were obtained for both saturated and unsaturated mixtures. Solubility and density data were obtained for the system carbon dioxide + naphthalene and compared to literature data. In addition, data were obtained for the systems carbon dioxide + octacosane and ethane + octacosane. The densities obtained were correlated using the Peng−Robinson equation of state to within 5% standard error.


The historic city centre of the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius is formed by an urban fabric consisting out of courtyards creating introvert voids within the traditional urban solid. These courtyards contrast the traditional and formal public spaces of the city by the way they operate on the levels of public-private accessibility, spatial compositions and architectural aesthetics. The 'ad hoc' manner by which these courtyards come into being gives them an unique heterogeneous but ambiguous aesthetical quality.


A 50-year-old female was admitted with a 2-year history of significant weight loss and a pyrexia of unknown origin. Hepatosplenomegaly and mildly enlarged retroperitoneal and mediastinal lymph nodes were seen on a computed tomography scan. The patient was profoundly cachectic with severe muscle wasting. Following an episode of acute pulmonary oedema, a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed, revealing …


In the last years,Railway Logistics Information Systems obtained apparent progress in China.The effective operation of railway logistics enterprise greatly depends on its advanced Information System,in which the information sharing technology became an important part of the Logistics Information System.It had important guiding significance to achieve information sharing,which was based on Service Oriented Architecture(SOA).This paper investigated the Railway Logistics Enterprise Information System,combined with characteristics of China's Railway Information System,and based on SOA to implement information sharing for Railway Logistics Information System,provided reference to railway logistics information development in the future.


Further developments in picosecond pump/probe combustion diagnostics are described. The rate equation formalism originally used to model the pump/probe interaction is not entirely appropriate for a 2-ps interaction. For that reason, a new nonperturbative density matrix model that more exactly describes the pump/probe interaction is presented. Our goal is to discover how well the pump/probe interaction is described by the rate equations, when the interaction occurs within the rate equation limits, or to flnd a similarly simple expression. The model is described, results are presented, and then a comparison between the two formalisms is made.


DDRGK is a family of proteins of approximately 300 residues found in plants and animals which contain a highly conserved DDRGK motif.However,the function of this family is still unknown,up to now.The ESTs of DDRGK are found through searching cDNA library of silkworm puper.A full length cDNA is found by EST cloning and RT-PCR methords,named this gene BmDDRGK(GenBank Accession No.FJ645927).The recombinant plasmid is transformed into E.coli BL21 and Rosetta.But recombinant protein is undetectable by SDS-PAGE analysis with the IPTG induction.The mRNA expression lever of BmDDRGK in the tissues of 5th larva and pupae is analyzed by real-time PCR.And result shows that BmDDRGK is expressed obviously in every tissue in the two stages by absolute quantitation analysis.Furthermore,it is expressed highly in midgut,malpighian tubule,testis of 5th larva,highly in wing disk,testis of pupae.


A predictor of treatment effect is any factor or combination of factors (such as a patient characteristic, symptom, sign, test, or biomarker result) associated with the effect (benefit or harm) of a specific treatment in persons with a particular disease or health condition. Various terms are used across disciplines to refer to prediction of treatment effect, including treatment-predictor (treatment-covariate) interaction, effect modification, predictive (as opposed to prognostic) factors (in oncology), or moderation analysis. This chapter reviews principles of the design of studies of treatment effect predictors, such as exploration of treatment-predictor interactions in randomized trials and the importance of replication of such estimates using data from multiple trials. The application of predictors of treatment effect in practice for matching individuals or subgroups to specific treatments is introduced as one type of stratified care, and the need for impact studies to investigate whether stratified care leads to better outcomes and improved efficiency of healthcare is highlighted.


Al-Shafaa Bint Awf is a very noble follower of the prophet Muhammad ( PBUH) , but the sources give scant materials about her in comparison with the male followers or some females like Khadija and Aisha  and other Prophet's glorious wives. Al-Shaffa was the mother of one of the earliest follower of the prophet , although her link with the prophet and the Sirah is back to much earlier date; Her family was connected with both families of Abd-Allah and Amina ( the parents of Muhammad). There are reports talking about her attendance of Muhammad's (PBUH) birth. She enjoyed very close ties with Muhammad and his family, and became one of the first believers in Islam. She also emigrated to the Medina and lived there with the company of her son Abd Al-Rahman. Lastly, there is a third aspect in the biography of Al-shaffa that was  her death which is connected with an important Sunnah, that was Al-Itaka or ransoming of the dyed peoples by freeing slaves and giving money in charity of them.


Responding to the euro crisis, European leaders have put in place an enhanced economic and financial governance framework for the euro area, including the main pillars of a banking union, while they have initiated work on a capital markets union. This should more effectively secure sound national macroeconomic and fiscal policies, a healthy financial sector and the stability of the euro. This paper poses the question whether the status quo of half-way political integration is sufficient to safeguard the cohesion and integrity of the euro area. National governments still have considerable leeway to circumvent the "hard" budget constraint and the strong market competition implied by the euro area's "holy trinity" (one market, one currency and one monetary policy). For example, they might target captive sovereign debt markets or take protectionist measures. This economic nationalism would entrench the crisis-related fragmentation of the single market and frustrate the efficient functioning of the monetary union. A higher level of market-preserving fiscal federalism could prevent member countries from encroaching on markets and foster sustainable economic convergence towards an optimal currency area.


The tidal data gross error detection method,the correction of the instrument,the sea-water density correction and the filtering processing method have been discussed in this paper.For the purpose of recovering the missed tidal data caused by the instruments or other reasons,such as electricity supply failing,the tidal harmonic correlation differential method is presented.This method could be used to detect and correct the sedimentation of self-contained water pressure gauge on the seabed.By comparing with the previous results,the water correction scale of this Bohai survey is less than 10cm,which proves that these methods are reasonable and reliable.


The numerical solution of homogenization equations by the finite element (FE) method is explained briefly. The issue of extracting boundary conditions from the periodicity assumption is addressed and a direct method utilizing symmetry is presented. Using this method, the computation of the elements of the constitutive matrix of a composite material is reduced to a very conventional boundary value problem with known forces and boundary conditions which can be carried out with any FE code. Two examples are presented.


Background: An umbrella term encompassing diseases that damage the joints and/or connective tissue and cause chronic, frequently intermittent discomfort is rheumatism. Rheumatism is a general term that refers to at least 100 distinct diseases and disorders. Given the dearth of research on this subject, the study's goal was to investigate the range of rheumatic disease among patients presenting as outpatients in the Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation department of a tertiary level hospital. Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of rheumatic disease in a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department of the DMCH for six months. The study sought to enroll patients who had musculoskeletal problems or systemic symptoms that would indicate rheumatic illness. After meeting the requirements, patients were accepted. Each respondent provided written informed consent, and those who refused to engage in the study or undertake additional research were not included. By conducting a face-to-face interview with the respondents and utilizing a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, information about the respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, disease duration, clinical symptoms and signs, and investigations report was gathered. Data analysis was done in SPSS-16. Results: Mean age of respondents was 46.36±12.25 years (male= 50±11.68 years and female= 44.19±12.03 years [age range 21-70 years] with 35.7% male and 64.3% female. Around 54.17% of the cases presented with articular symptoms, 43.23% of the patients had degenerative and 10.94% had inflammatory joint diseases. Among the inflammatory arthritis, (38.09%) rheumatoid arthritis and (30.95%) Ankylosing spondylitis was most common whereas (28.92%) lumbar spondylosis and peripheral (28.31%) osteoarthrosis were predominating among non-inflammatory arthritis. Nonspecific back pain was the commonest (60.12%) of specific disorders included in soft tissue rheumatism, followed by (25.77%) adhesive capsulitis of shoulder. Conclusion: Articular disorders both non-inflammatory & Inflammatory, soft tissue rheumatism, disorder of bone and multi-system disorders; these four types of disorder were encountered in this tertiary care hospital.


The paper discusess the indefinite type of quasi-hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras QH (3) 2 which are extended from the indefinite class of hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras H 2 . These Quasi hyperbolic algebras are realized as graded Lie algebra of Kac-Moody type. Using the homological approach and Hochschild-Serre spectral sequences theory, the structure of the components of the maximal graded ideals upto level five is determined. AMS subject classification: 17B67.