and any technical drawings. The inventor then must include a "specification section" that. includes a description of the prior innovations in the field and a "written description [of the invention] ... in such full, clear, and exact terms ... , as to enable any person skilled in the art or science, [of which it is a branch] ... to make ... and use the same. '27 As the specification section typically contains a broader description of the technology than what the inventor's innovation encompasses, since 1836 Congress has required that the inventor explicitly designate the "part, improvement, or combination which he claims as his own. '28 These "claims" define the "metes and bounds" of the claimed invention just as a deed sets forth real property boundaries. 29 Because the claims define the precise scope of patent protection, they are of vital importance in any patent litigation.0 B. The Patent Interpretation Process Because the patent claims define the scope of patent protection, the first step of patent infringement analysis is to interpret the meaning of the claims that have allegedly been infringed.31 "Like the interpretation of a statute or a contract, claim construction is the process by which a court determines the meaning of the ... patent claim[s] for the purposes of the litigation."32 The court's goal in claim construction is not to "rewrite the claims, [but rather] to give effect to the terms chosen by the patentee."33 Claim construction is almost always the most important phase of any patent litigation, as one 27. The Patent Act of 1836, ch. 357, § 6, 5 Stat. 117, 199 (repealed 1870); see also Dave A. Ghatt & Timothy B. Kang, Claim Interpretation: A Regression to Uncertain Times, 84 J. PAT. & TRADEMARK OFF. Soc'Y 456, 458 (2002) (summarizing the origins of the patent claim requirement). 28. The Patent Act of 1836, § 6; cf. 35 U.S.C. § 112(2) (2000) (requiring that the patent claims "particularly point[ ] out and distinctly[ ] claim the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention"); see also Ghatt & Kang, supra note 27, at 458 (summarizing the origins of the patent claim requirement). 29. In re Vamco Mach. & Tool, Inc., 752 F.2d 1564, 1577 n.5 (Fed. Cir. 1985); see also Smith Int'l Inc. v. Hughes Tool Co., 718 F.2d 1573, 1579 n.2 (Fed. Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 996 (1983) (explaining that the patent claims typically follow the specification in a distinct "claims section"). 30. See, e.g., John F. Duffy, On Improving the Legal Process of Claim Interpretation: Administrative Alternatives, 2 WASH. U. J.L. & POL'Y 109, 109 (2000) (noting that claim interpretation is "frequently the central issue in infringement litigation"); Giles S. Rich, Extent of Protection and Interpretation of Claims-American Perspectives, 21 INT'L REV. PROP. & COPYRIGHT L. 497, 499 (1990) ("The name of the game is the claim."). 31. Smiths Indus. Med. Sys., Inc. v. Vital Signs, Inc., 183 F.3d 1347, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 1999). 32. See Burgess, supra note 10, at 767. 33. K-2 Corp. v. Salomon S.A., 191 F.3d 1356, 1364 (Fed. Cir. 1999). 1296 [Vol. 84 2006] INTERLOCUTORY PATENT APPEALS 1297 Federal Circuit judge has observed: "to decide what the claims mean is nearly always to decide the case."34 Following the claim construction, the parties will often settle or the court will enter summary judgment if the accused device either clearly does or does not infringe the patent.35 If the parties proceed through the trial, it is the factfinder's responsibility to compare the accused device to the court's interpretation of the patent claims and determine if the defendant has infringed the patent.36 The jury, not the court, typically performs this function.37 C. The Creation of the Federal Circuit The federal courts traditionally have had exclusive jurisdiction over patent cases. Patent cases are tried in the district courts.38 Prior to 1982, patent appeals were handled in the various regional circuits with each circuit developing its own patent law.39 Some district court and appellate court judges, viewing patents as undesirable monopolies, routinely invalidated patents or construed the claims so narrowly that there could be no infringement.' Other judges took a 34. Markman I, 52 F.3d 967, 989 (Fed. Cir. 1995) (en banc) (Mayer, J., concurring), affd, 517 U.S. 370 (1996); cf. William F. Lee & Anita K Krug, Still Adjusting to Markman: A Prescription for the Timing of Claim Construction Hearings, 13 HARV. J.L. & TECH. 55, 59 (1999) (noting that Markman was expected to result in an increased number of summary judgments). 35. See Burgess, supra note 10, at 768 ("[When] the trial court's claim construction either clearly does or does not encompass the infringer's device ... it becomes unnecessary to proceed further .. . 36. Markman 1, 52 F.3d at 976. 37. Despite skepticism about the lay jury's ability to comprehend and adjudicate patent cases, jury demands are made in seventy-eight percent of patent cases. Kimberly A. Moore, Jury Demands: Who's Asking?, 17 BERKELEY TECH. L.J. 847, 847 (2002). Although either plaintiff or defendant may demand a jury trial, see FED. R. CIV. P. 38(b), the plaintiff is far more likely to make the demand. Moore, supra, at 855 tbl.1 (noting that the plaintiff demands a jury trial in seventy-one percent of patent cases, compared with twenty-nine percent of cases in which defendants make the request). The plaintiff is more likely to demand a jury trial because of the widespread belief that juries are pro-patentee. Indeed juries find for the patentee in sixty-three percent of cases, compared with only forty-nine percent for bench trials. Id. at 874 tbl.4 (noting previous research) (citing Kimberly A. Moore, Judge, Juries, and Patent Cases-An Empirical Peek Inside the Black Box, 99 MICH. L. REV. 365, 367-69 (2000)); see also ADAM B. JAFFE & JOSH LERNER, INNOVATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS: How OUR BROKEN PATENT SYSTEM IS ENDANGERING INNOVATION AND PROGRESS, AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT 124-25 (2004) (noting the increased prevalence of jury trials and the general perception that juries have a pro-patentee bias). 38. JAFFE & LERNER, supra note 37, at 98. 39. Id. 40. Simone A. Rose, Patent "Monopolyphobia": A Means of Extinguishing the Fountainhead?, 49 CASE W. RES. L. REV. 509,527 (1999). 1298 NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 84 much more permissive view of patents.41 By the early 1980s, the different regional circuits had developed disparate reputations for being particularly favorable or unfavorable to the patentee.42 For example, between 1953 and 1977, patents were found valid and infringed in less than ten percent of the cases heard on appeal in the Eighth Circuit.43 In the Tenth Circuit, this number was almost sixty percent." Forum shopping was rampant .4 The high rates of patent invalidation and the disparities between the regional circuits' patent jurisprudence cheapened the value of patents and restricted both technical innovation and economic development.' In response to these concerns, Congress created the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in 1982 and gave it a mandate to bring greater uniformity to patent law.47 Congress gave the Federal 41. See infra note 45. 42. Rochelle Cooper Dreyfuss, The Federal Circuit: A Case Study in Specialized Courts, 64 N.Y.U. L. REV. 1, 7 (1989). An apocryphal story is told of then-Second Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Thurgood Marshall. While Judge Marshall was visiting Senators in preparation for his Supreme Court confirmation hearing, one well-known Senator asked him about his views on patents. The judge reportedly responded, "I haven't given patents much thought, Senator, because I'm from the Second Circuit and as you know we don't uphold patents in the Second Circuit." See Gerald J. Mossinghoff, Side Bar: The Creation of the Federal Circuit, in PRINCIPLES OF PATENT LAW 30, 31 (Donald S. Chisum et al. eds., 2d ed. 2001). 43. JAFFE & LERNER, supra note 37, at 100 fig.4.1. 44. Id. 45. Dreyfuss, supra note 42, at 7. Between 1945 and 1957, "a patent was twice as likely to be held valid and infringed in the Fifth Circuit than in the Seventh Circuit, and almost four times more likely to be enforced in the Seventh Circuit than in the Second Circuit." Id. "[A] request to transfer a patent infringement action from Texas, in the Fifth Circuit, to Illinois, in the Seventh Circuit, would be bitterly fought .... " Id. 46. See Michael S. Mireles, Jr., The United States Patent Reform Quagmire: A Balanced Proposal, 6 MINN. J.L. Sci. & TECH. 709, 724 (2005) (noting that prior to the formation of the Federal Circuit, "[i]nventors and capitalists were unsure of whether to invest in the research and development of a particular product or even bear the costs of prosecuting a patent because it was unclear whether they will [sic] recoup the money invested in creation of that product"); see also Industrial Innovation and Patent and Copyright Law Amendments: Hearings Before the Subcomm. on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice of the H. Comm. on the Judiciary on H.R. 6033, H.I 6934, H.R. 3806, and H.R. 2414, 96th Cong., 2d Sess. 574-75 (1980) (statement of Sidney A. Diamond, Comm'r of Patents and Trademarks); The Sixth Annual Judicial Conference of The United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, 84 F.R.D. 429, 471-75 (1979) (comments of Robert Benson). 47. H.R. REP. No. 97-312, at 20-23 (1981); see also Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 1330 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (en banc) (Mayer, J. dissenting); Cybor Corp. v. FAS Techs., Inc., 138 F.3d 1448, 1455 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (en banc) (noting that the Federal Circuit was created to "provide[] national uniformity [in] the construction of patent claims"); Dreyfuss, supra note 42, at 6-7; Ninth Annual Judicial Conference of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, 94 F.R.D. 350, 359 (1982) (statement of Representative Kastenmeier). 2006] INTERLOCUTORY PA TENT APPEALS 1299 Circuit exclusive jurisdiction over patent appe


The goal of this study was to identify the English vocabulary requirements for agriculture students. The purpose of this study is to find out what students think about the importance of English vocabulary for agriculture students. The qualitative case study design was used in this investigation. This study was undertaken at a Tasikmalaya vocational school with a horticulture major. The researchers employed an open-ended questionnaire to collect data from twenty-one participants, including one English teacher and twenty agricultural students in the horticulture major. The researcher evaluated and interpreted the results of the open-ended questionnaire. When conducting analysis, the researcher assigns a code to each participant's response, organizes the data, and finally obtains the questionnaire's conclusion. The findings of an open-ended questionnaire based on students' perceptions revealed that agricultural vocabulary is important for some areas, such as English for agriculturists, animal breeders, and in some fields of agriculture, such as cultivating the plants, care the plants, agricultural equipment, or scientific names of plants because learning English vocabulary can increase students' knowledge, particularly specific vocabulary, as well as learning English vocabulary for ag. Finally, the researchers make recommendations on how to better meet the demands of vocational students, particularly in terms of the English vocabulary required of agriculture students.Keywords: English for Specific Purposes; English Vocabulary; Voicing; Students' Need; Vocational High School.


A series of three tetranuclear Cu(II) complexes of general formula (Cu4OCl6L4), where L is a Lewis Base ligand has been characterized through magnetic


The biological leaching test is carried out based on the study of process mineralogy characteristics and mineral components of a copper-nickel sulphide ore in Yunnan The bacteria leaching in static state lasted for 150 days at the room temperature,the nickel leaching rate in beaker and column were 33.67%~47.43% and 36.87% respectively,and the copper leaching rate in column was 24.22% The feasibility of biological leaching for low grade copper-nickel sulphide ore is explored in this paper.


The adaptive immune system can potentially have dual roles in cancer development and progression by contributing to or suppressing tumor progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of adaptive immune cells residing in different tumor compartments in prostate cancer.


Mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA, among which, mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes possessing prominent status. In most of the cases, however, the detailed molecular pathogenesis of these tRNA gene mutations remains unclear.


It was recently shown by the authors that if it is known a priori that the unknown plant parameter vector lies in the convex hull of a set of adaptive model parameter vectors at the initial time, it will remain in the convex hull of the parameters even as they evolve with time. This result, which was derived earlier for the case when the state vector of the plant can be measured, is extended in this paper to the case when only the input and the output of the plant are accessible. This information, in turn, is used to describe different stable strategies for controlling the adaptive system.


General procedures for the preparation of 7 alpha-(2-substituted-1,3, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-6,14-endo-etheno-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrothebaines are described. Substituents include alkyl, aryl, amino, cycloamino, and alkylthio functions. Many of these and related compounds show analgesic activity intermediate between codeine and morphine in the Hendershot and Forsaith writhing test. An unsuccessful attempt was made to synthesize 7 beta-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6,14-endo-etheno-6,7,8,14- tetrahydrothebaine.


Fuel cells (FCs) are one of the most effective tools to convert chemical to electrical energy. FCs are not only suitable for stationary approaches but are also a promising source of on-board electricity supply for all kinds of vehicles, ships, and aircraft. This technology becomes very attractive when on-board fuel such as diesel and jet fuel is used to produce hydrogen-rich syngas via reforming, which is subsequently fed to the FC. However, the sulfur threshold limit for the reformer and the FC are < 50 and < 1 ppm of total sulfur, respectively. Consequently, FCs as one of the most effective tools for energy conversion are excluded from using the most common types of fuels containing up to 5000 ppm of total sulfur. Adsorptive desulfurization is a promising approach to provide the possibility of on-board desulfurization and thus operating fuel cells with commercial fuels. Several adsorbents have been investigated in recent years. However, adsorbent regeneration is still a major issue. The aim of this work is to identify and prepare a highly thermal stable adsorbent and to develop a fast and efficient on-board regeneration via hot exhaust gases (Fig. 1).


A state of emergency was declared in the United States (US) on March 13, 2020 in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Healthcare providers had to alter practice patterns and research priorities. We assessed the frequency of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children, notably those due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza, before and during the pandemic.

 We conducted multi-center active prospective ARI surveillance in children as part of the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Children < 18 years with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled in emergency department and inpatient settings at seven US medical centers over four respiratory seasons during 2016–2020 (Fig 1). Pandemic-related restrictions to patient access limited enrollment in some sites beginning March 2020. Respiratory specimens were collected and tested at each site for RSV and influenza by qRT-PCR. Data were analyzed by calendar weeks. We compared the cumulative proportions of RSV and influenza detection after week 13 in 2020 to the previous seasons using Fisher's exact test.
 Figure 1. Numbers of Eligible and Enrolled Acute Respiratory Illness Cases, and Proportions of RSV and Influenza Detection by Week, Stratified by Study Season

 Of 44,247 eligible children, 25,375 (57%) were enrolled and tested for RSV and/or influenza. A total of 6351/25375 (25%) and 3446/25372 (14%) children were RSV and influenza-positive over the four seasons, respectively. In 2020, we noted a rapid drop in eligible and enrolled ARI subjects after weeks 11–13 (Fig 1). During weeks 13–18 in 2016–2019, the three-year average of eligible and enrolled subjects was 1802 and 978, respectively. However, over the same period in 2020, there were 675 eligible and 278 enrolled subjects, representing declines of 62.5% and 71.6% respectively (Fig 1). In 2020, there were no RSV or influenza cases detected in weeks 15–18, and the cumulative proportions of RSV and influenza detection after week 13 were lower compared to previous seasons (p< 0.001) (Figs 1 and 2).
 Figure 2. Cumulative Proportions of Weekly RSV and Influenza Detection by Study Season

 There was a considerable decline in ARI visits and the proportion of RSV and influenza detection across seven distinct geographic sites during the pandemic compared with previous seasons. These findings might be attributable to social distancing measures to lessen the spread of SARS-CoV-2, changes in healthcare-seeking behaviors, and limited access to medical care.

 Zaid Haddadin, MD, CDC (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)Quidel Corporation (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)sanofi pasteur (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support) John V. Williams, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Advisor or Review Panel member)IDConnect (Advisor or Review Panel member)Quidel (Advisor or Review Panel member) Christopher J. Harrison, MD, GSK (Grant/Research Support, Infant menigiciccal B conjugate vaccine trial)Merck (Research Grant or Support, Infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trial) Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca (Scientific Research Study Investigator)GSK group of companies (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Meissa vaccines (Consultant)Merck (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant) Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech (Other Financial or Material Support, I receive an honorarium for lectures - it's a education grant, supported by genetech)Karius (Consultant)Moderna (Consultant)Quidel (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)Sanofi (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)


Preschool Teachers' Decision-Making Process in Reporting Child Abuse by MyTra Thi Nguyen-Vu MA, San Jose State University, 1998 BA, San Jose State University, 1996 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University April 2018


Background  The intimate association between glial cells and neurons within the enteric nervous system has confounded careful examination of the direct responsiveness of enteric glia to different neuroligands. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether neurotransmitters known to elicit fast excitatory potentials in enteric nerves also activate enteric glia directly.


Background: A better theoretical base for understanding professional behaviour change is needed to support evidence-based changes in medical practice. Traditionally strategies to encourage changes in clinical practices have been guided empirically, without explicit consideration of underlying theoretical rationales for such strategies. This paper considers a theoretical framework for reasoning from within psychology for identifying individual differences in cognitive processing between doctors that could moderate the decision to incorporate new evidence into their clinical decision-making.


SYNOPSIS

Equidensitometry is the two-dimensional densitometry of photographic images. Lines of equal density outlining the contours of the image can be produced by a variety of methods. In this paper the method based on the Lau-Sabattier effect has been used for investigating two-beam interference fringes.


: The interplay between aromaticity and antiaromaticity is maximized in [ n ]phenylenes. In their smaller isomer sets, some isomers can be aromatic while others can be antiaromatic. The sum of the superimposed constituent circuits contributes to the individual rin g aromaticity. Both cyclic conjugated energy (CCE i = ef i ) of Bosanac and Gutman and Aihara's topological bond resonance energy ( t -BRE) are good measures of relative degree of ring aromatic/antiaromatic character. Topological resonance energy (TRE) is a re liable measure of global molecular aromaticity/antiaromaticity because it is independent of selection of frame -of- reference molecules for calibration.


Mār Māri's Acts reveals the Apostle of south Mesopotamia as the prominent character for the christendoms' identity in the Iranian Empire. He belongs to Jesus' LXX followers. His mission carries on the great Apostles' (Thomas, Peter and Paul). He is identified with Christ Himself-common gemellary theme in the context of apocryphal account. His authority maintains internal unity within the Persian Church, in the midst of centripetal threats. Mār Māri is also a real palladium against all doctrinal deviations: so is realised, thanks to his zeal, an active reconquest against Manichaeism in Babylonian communities. Attentively, historical levels can be distinguished, which enable the lector to understand better the redaction of christian origins.


The quality and main parameters of copper clad aluminum conductor and the site test methods in purchase and using were described.The technical regulations of copper clad aluminum cable models,specifications and technical conditions were recommended.The superiority of the copper clad aluminum conductors and copper clad aluminum cable were analyzed.Answers to several issues of concern by the people in the use of copper clad aluminum core cable were given.It regulated the application of copper clad aluminum cable.


The changes in climate and catchment properties have altered the hydrological processes significantly at different spatiotemporal scales around the world. In particular for finer time scales, changes in water storage, which has been commonly neglected for long‐term temporal scales, may play an important role on hydrological processes. Nevertheless, few studies addressed this question in modifying the Budyko framework, with most of them remaining a steady‐state assumption on catchment characteristics. Here, we derive new analytical formulas of unsteady‐state streamflow elasticity in a modified Budyko framework, incorporating both storage change and one specific parameter for catchment properties. We study 78 humid catchments in the USA with simulation data of daily hydrological processes from a probability‐distribution‐based hydrological model (the modified HyMOD). As indicated by results, the annual storage change ratio is linearly correlated with the annual aridity index, and this relationship can be used to estimate elasticity coefficients with our formulas. The estimated elasticity coefficients perform well in simulating the annual streamflow with the power‐law model. For different catchments, variability of the unsteady‐state elasticity is higher than that of the steady‐state elasticity. Unsteady‐state streamflow coefficients show significant linear correlation with catchment properties, such as the average slope, average elevation, and catchment area. This study provides a new analytical approach to investigate the interannual stability of catchments with varying climate and catchment properties.


The invention relates to a medicament for preventing or treating human papilloma virus (HPV)-specific tumors containing at least one fusion protein and optional suitable additives and/or auxiliary agents. Said fusion protein is comprised of at least one L1-protein of one or more papilloma viruses, and is also comprised of at least one E-protein of one or more papilloma viruses, whereby the fusion protein does not contain any papilloma virus non-specific epitopes.


In science, the relationship between methods and discovery is symbiotic. As we discover more, we are able to construct more precise and sensitive tools and methods that enable further discovery. With better lens crafting came microscopes, and with them the discovery of living cells. In the last 40 years, advances in molecular biology, statistics, and computer science have ushered in the field of bioinformatics and the genomic era.

Computational scientists enjoy developing new methods, and the community encourages them to do so. Indeed, the editorial guidelines for PLOS Computational Biology require manuscripts to apply novel methods. However, it is often confusing to know which method to choose: which method is best? And, in this context, what does "best" mean?

To help choose an appropriate method for a particular task, scientists often form community-based challenges for the unbiased evaluation of methods in a given field. These challenges help evaluate existing and novel methods, while helping to coalesce a community and leading to new ideas and collaborations.

In computational biology, the first of these challenges was arguably the Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction, or CASP [1], whose goal is to evaluate methods for predicting three-dimensional protein structure from amino acid sequence. The first CASP meeting was held in December of 1994, following a "prediction period" where members of the community were presented with protein amino acid sequences and asked to predict their three dimensional structures. The sequences that were chosen had recently been solved by X-ray crystallography but had not been not published or released until after the predictions from the community were made. Since the first CASP, we have seen many successful challenges, including Critical Assessment of Function Annotation (CAFA) for protein function prediction [2], Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) (for genome interpretation) [3], Critical Assessment of Massive (originally "Microarray") Data Analysis (CAMDA) (for large-scale biological data) [4], BioCreative (for biomedical text mining) [5], the Assemblathon (for sequence assembly), and the NCI-DREAM Challenges (for various biomedical challenges), amongst others [6].

Computational challenges also help solve new problems. While the original CASP experiment was developed to evaluate existing methods applied to current problems, other communities often look at other areas for which there are no existing tools. These challenges have spread successfully to industry, and companies such as Innocentive [7] and X-Prize [8] offer large prizes for solving novel questions.

Because these challenges are, on one hand, an exercise in community collaboration, and on the other, a competition, organizing a challenge is littered with difficulties and pitfalls. Having served as organizers, predictors, and assessors within several existing communities, we present ten rules we believe should be observed when organizing a computational methods challenge:


This article provides an overview of how Hurricane Katrina devastated the Gulf Coast and lessons to be learned from the storm itself and events that happened afterwards. Among those lessons was the necessity of evacuating people—even against their will. The article also points out the need to provide "care stations" to offer fuel and provisions at no cost in order to help evacuees leave town. (Many evacuees were stranded when they were unable to find gas for their cars or did not have money for gas.) In addition, many did not have access to information or emergency instructions. A stadium may not be suitable for refugees unless there are adequate facilities there to support human health. Emergency Operations Centers must also be located where they can survive and function fully.


Sparse representation has been shown to be a powerful modeling framework for classification and detection tasks. In this paper, we propose a new keyword detection algorithm based on sparse representation of the posterior exemplars. The posterior exemplars are phone conditional probabilities obtained from a deep neural network. This method relies on the concept that a keyword exemplar lies in a low-dimensional subspace which can be represented as a sparse linear combination of the training exemplars. The training exemplars are used to learn a dictionary for sparse representation of the keywords and background classes. Given this dictionary, the sparse representation of a test exemplar is used to detect the keywords. The experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed sparse modeling approach and it compares favorably with the state-of-the-art HMM-based framework on Numbers'95 database.


The mental health service needs of all North London patients in medium (N = 97) and maximum security (N = 79) were assessed. Patients and key nurses were interviewed using validated measures and, for patients in maximum security, the respective responsible medical officers (RMOs) also completed a standard enquiry form. Multi-disciplinary panels from the catchment areas then rated immediate and future needs for security and treatment. Unlike previous studies, we found only 25% of patients ready for an immediate move to lower security and a greater disparity between those thought ready for discharge by their Special Hospital RMO and those thought ready for discharge by the local panels. We identified a particular unmet need for long-term, 24-hour, nurse-staffed accommodation, rather than long-term medium security.


China's market leader, Sichuan Lomon Titanium Industry Co. Ltd also said it plans to up rutile prices by Chinese renminbi 500/tonne ($77.4/tonne*) and by $150/tonne for the domestic and export markets, respectively. This follows three price increases in Q1, each by Rmb 300/tonne ($46.44/tonne). Lomon additionally said that exports remained stable for its TiO[subscript]2 products. Producing 1,000 tonnes per day, the company reported January exports at 16,157 tonnes and February exports at 9,325 tonnes, at an average export price of $1,467/tonne.

At the end of March, Cristal Global announced increases to its TiONA and Tikon TiO[subscript]2 prices of $200-330/tonne from April; ISK announced an increase to its Asia Pacific rutile prices of $150/tonne from April; Shandong Dongjia Group also said it planned to increase TiO[subscript]2 prices by Rmb 500/tonne ($77.4/tonne) and $80/tonne for the domestic and export markets beginning 31 March.

TiO[subscript]2 pigment, high quality, bulk, CFR Asia, $/tonne 1650-2000 TiO[subscript]2 pigment, bulk, CIF Northern Europe, EUR /tonne 1900-2250 TiO[subscript]2 pigment, bulk, CIF US, $/tonne 2100-2450 TiO[subscript]2 pigment, bulk, CIF Latin America, $/lb 1-1.3


Ouron-goingobservationsoftheinterstellarmedium ofNGC4414haveresultedinCO(1{0)andCO(2{1)detections to very close to the optical edge of the disk. The 13 CO lines and thermal dust continuum emission have been detected almost as far out. The variation in the beam-independent CO( 2 1 1 0 ) line intensity ratio is interpreted in terms of a variation in the CO ex- citation temperature. Combining the temperature variation with the galactic size-linewidth relation and the virial theorem en- ables us to estimate how the N(H2)=ICO factor varies as a func- tionofgalactocentricradius.Onethenstraightforwardlyobtains the distribution of the molecular gas. It should be noted that be- cause there is probably little or no star formation and neutral gas in the nucleus of NGC 4414, we avoid problems associ- ated with conditions proper to galactic nuclei but thus make no predictions for these regions. In order to check the N(H2)=ICO function obtained above,


In one embodiment, a SPICE corner model generating method for generating a SPICE corner model of an MOSFET includes preparing a table of a ratio X regarding a combina tion of two kinds of MOSFETs selected from N kinds of MOSFETs, the ratio X being a magnitude of a variation of an MOSFET in a case where directions of variations of the two kinds of MOSFETs are opposite directions to a magnitude of a variation of an MOSFET in a case where the directions of the variations of the two kinds of MOSFETs are the same direction, where N is an integer of 2 or greater. The method further includes reading out, when a combination of two kinds of MOSFETs is designated among the Nkinds of MOS FETs, a value of the ratio X corresponding the designated combination from the table of the ratio X. The method further includes forming two kinds of corner models of opposite directional variations, the two kinds of corner models includ ing a first corner model generated by applying the value of the ratio X to a fast-side corner of a first MOSFET of the two kinds of MOSFETs and to a slow-side corner of a second MOSFET of the two kinds of MOSFETs, and a second corner model generated by applying the value of the ratio X to a slow-side corner of the first MOSFET and to a fast-side corner of the Second MOSFET.


A biased agonist binds to the seven-transmembrane parathyroid hormone receptor to trigger certain downstream effects but not others, potentially avoiding undesirable side effects. Building Better Bones What do β-blockers, antihistamines, and opiate pain drugs have in common? All act on constituents of the ~1000-member family of seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs). Arrayed on the surfaces of all cells in the body, these diverse proteins regulate myriad critical functions, including heart beat, immune response, secretion, and stomach acid production. Almost half of today's prescribed drugs act to modulate the action of members of this huge family of receptors. When bound by their natural trigger—or a drug—these receptors activate two downstream cellular pathways: one mediated by G proteins and the other, discovered in the last 10 years, mediated by a small protein called β-arrestin, which can both terminate G protein–dependent signaling and activate other cellular processes. Finding the β-arrestin pathway raised the possibility that one could discover drugs that modulate the two signaling pathways independently and so produce better outcomes for patients, with fewer side effects. Gesty-Palmer et al. now show that a so-called biased agonist, PTH-βarr, selectively activates the β-arrestin (but not the G protein) pathway in mouse bone cells by binding to the 7TMR for parathyroid hormone (PTH), a key regulator of bone growth. By stimulating only the β-arrestin arm of the PTH-activated responses, PTH-βarr leads to bone growth in living mice without simultaneous bone degradation, which usually occurs through the G protein–linked pathway. Bone is remodeled throughout life, being continuously broken down by one type of bone cell (osteoclasts) and then rebuilt by another (osteoblasts). One regulator of the balance between the two processes is PTH. When this normal equilibrium goes awry, such that there is more bone destruction than production, bones become structurally weak, and bone diseases such as osteoporosis result. Patients with osteoporosis often are treated with bisphosphonate drugs, which prevent bone loss by binding to the calcium hydroxyapatite in bone and inhibiting the bone-degrading osteoclasts. Although bisphosphonates decrease the risk of fracture, the microarchitecture of bisphosphonate-induced bone is not normal, and long-term use can lead to adynamic bone fractures. Better bone microstructure can be built by daily injections of a fragment of PTH, which directly stimulates osteoblasts, but the PTH fragment also indirectly stimulates osteoclasts and must be injected daily to prevent the osteoclast-driven breakdown from reversing the induced bone growth. Because its effects are tilted more toward anabolic bone growth without simultaneous catabolism, PTH-βarr or similar biased agonists may prove to be superior treatments for osteoporosis. The results in Gesty-Palmer et al. illustrate that, by activating exclusively the β-arrestin pathway downstream of the PTH receptor, a biased agonist can stimulate a desirable physiological outcome (bone growth) while minimizing an undesirable effect (bone degradation). The benefits of biased agonists with differential signaling properties may extend to any therapeutic agent that acts through a 7TMR. About 40% of the therapeutic agents in use today exert their effects through seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs). When activated by ligands, these receptors trigger two pathways that independently transduce signals to the cell: one through heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) and one through β-arrestins; so-called biased agonists can selectively activate these distinct pathways. Here, we investigate selective activation of these pathways through the use of a biased agonist for the type 1 parathyroid hormone (PTH)–PTH-related protein receptor (PTH1R), (d-Trp12,Tyr34)-PTH(7–34) (PTH-βarr), which activates β-arrestin but not classic G protein signaling. In mice, PTH-βarr induces anabolic bone formation, as does the nonselective agonist PTH(1–34), which activates both mechanisms. In β-arrestin2–null mice, the increase in bone mineral density evoked by PTH(1–34) is attenuated and that stimulated by PTH-βarr is ablated. The β-arrestin2–dependent pathway contributes primarily to trabecular bone formation and does not stimulate bone resorption. These results show that a biased agonist selective for the β-arrestin pathway can elicit a response in vivo distinct from that elicited by nonselective agonists. Ligands with these properties may form the basis for improved 7TMR-directed pharmacologic agents with enhanced therapeutic specificity.


Estimation and prediction in geodesy is typically limited to seeking optimal (minimum mean square error) estimators and/or predictors in the class of linear functions of the parameters. This can be justified in view of the well known fundamental result (see e.g. Rao, 1973) that when the random parameters of the model follow a Gaussian distribution, the linear optimal estimators and predictors cannot be improved, i.e. they are indeed the optimal non-linear ones. Since Gaussianity is rather a mathematical convenience that an absolute observational fact, it seems worthwhile to seek non-linear estimators and predictors which minimize the mean square error, without any restrictive assumptions on the distribution of the relevant random variables. The idea of using nonlinear predictors goes back to Grafarend (1972). Dermanis and Sanso (1993) have studied some basic characteristics of non linear estimators and came to the conclusion that estimation of deterministic model parameters is feasible only within a Bayesian point of view. There is no need to seek rescue in Bayesian ideas in the case of random effects models which involve no deterministic but only random parameters. Prediction of random parameters, either directly present in the model or stochastically related ones, is of much geodetic interest especially for the determination of the gravity field of the earth conceived as a stochastic process in the framework of the statistical approach of collocation (Moritz, 1980, Sanso, 1986). Among the various types of non-linear predictors the simplest and perhaps the only practically tractable ones are the quadratic ones. Quadratic estimation is widely used for the determination of variance components (e.g. Schaffrin, 1983) and rarely for combined variance component and parameter estimation (.XEiþHN Dermanis and Sanso (1993) have derived Bayesian quadratic estimators which can be directly applied to random effect models such as the models used in geodetic collocation. Here optimal quadratic predictors will be derived directly for the simplest collocation model and then extended to non-linear ones. As expected the results extend the usual (linear) collocation equations in a way which involves the effect of third and fourth order central moments which describe the deviation of the distribution of the random parameters from the Gaussian assumption. 2. The simple collocation model


Abstract The aminolysis of the hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, N3P3Cl6 1, by the oxodiamines H2N-(CH2)3-O(CH2)2-O-(CH2)3 NH2 2 and H2N-(CH2)3-O-(CH2)6-O-(CH2)3-NH2 3 occurs immediately and regiospecifically in dry media leading to the corresponding spiranic cryptands 4 and 5, respectively. This process is an actual improvement (time, selectivity and workup) on the standard reactions.


Results: Atomic force microscopy was used to follow amyloid fibril formation in V&O by the Ap variants Apl-40 and A@1 -42. Both variants first form small ordered aggregates that grow slowly and then rapidly disappear, while prototypical smyloid fibrils of two discrete morphologies appear. API-42 aggregates much more rapidly than Apl-40, which is consistent with its connection to early-onset AD. We propose that the met&able intermediate species be called Ap amyloid protofibrils.


The thesis "The change of monetary policy of National bank of Slovakia after entry to Euro zone", describes the operation of monetary policy of National bank of Slovakia before and after entry to Euro zone. The work speaks about lose of independence of monetary policy of National bank of Slovakia and describes advantage and disadvantage of Euro in Slovakia, the tasks made by Eurosystem and comparison of changes of operation of monetary policy. The strategy of monetary policy of European central bank comes from experiences of national central banks of Eurosystem, these knowledge combines with different innovative elements. Economic and monetary analysis – two pillar framework – introducing two aspects allows to rate the price stability. Economic and monetary analysis is as intermediates of organization of internal analysis and external communication. The transmission mechanism of monetary policy works in states of Euro zone the same way.


Smart cities are gaining, increasingly, notoriety. Through them, the population can have better services and urban quality of life. With the future fifth generation cellular (5G) networks will be possible to collect data from various sources throughout the city, such as sensors and actuators, mobile devices, mobile and telephone networks among others. In this scenario, it will be necessary to analyze large volumes of data, in order to get knowledge and useful information for a dynamic and clever planning. This article presents a data mining based framework proposal for 5G networks, named Urban Computing Framework in 5G Networks (CoUrbF5G). Real standards of a mobile network are found and analyzed in the proposal by applying data mining techniques along with ancillary methods on the conducting of Data Science processes, such as Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) and Big Data.


We consider propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in two‐dimensional tapered slot waveguides. We derive an analytical formula for the change of the amplitude of a plasmon mode due to tapering. We show that the taper leads to the field enhancement effectively compensating the mode attenuation due to losses. We obtain numerically the shape of the optimal function of the taper that provides exact loss compensation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We present a recent improvement of the homotopy Conley index, the so-called Conley index over a base. We apply it to endow the homology and cohomology Conley indices with the structure of module over the cohomology ring of the phase space, and indicate how that structure provides information on continuation of cohomology classes of isolated invariant sets.


Objective:To study the chemical constituents of the pericarp of Citrus grandis.Methods: Compounds were isolated by several kinds of chromatographic methods.The structures were determined on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.Results: Ten coumarins were isolated from the peels of Citrus grandis.The structures of these coumarins were identified as 8-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylbutyl)-7-methoxy coumarin(1),mexoticin(2),epoxyaurapten(3),isomeranzin(4),meranzin hydrate(5),isomeranzin(6),isoimperatorin(7),aurapten(8),osthol(9)and 7-hydroxycoumarin(10).Conclusion:Compounds 1~4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.


* Residency Program in Perinatal Health of the Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. State Department of Health, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. ** Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro *** Postgraduate Program in Nutrition. Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com DOI: 10.15343/0104-7809.20184203696709 Enteral nutrition practices in preterm infants in the neonatal unit of a public maternity ward


Abstract:Two years after causing a devasting fire, Maria is pregnant and struggling to handle her guilt, even her existence as she begins to grow apart from her friends and family. In a supernatural turn, Maria begins conversating with a presence known as the Shadow Man.


ABSTRACT Background The Personal Outcomes Scale is a measurement tool to examine quality of life among persons with intellectual disability. This paper addressed the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the scale using both self-reports and reports of others. Method Data were collected from 128 people with intellectual disability (90 men and 38 women; M age = 37.19 ± 11.90 (range = 19–69) years) and 27 support workers. Reliability was examined by Cronbach's alpha coefficients, inter-respondent reliability coefficients, and test-retest reliability. Validity was examined by construct validity and criteria-related validity. Results Self- and other-reported versions showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.79); however, some domains had relatively low internal consistency. Validity tests showed weak to moderate correlations between the total score and the domain scores in both versions. Conclusions The scale is reliable overall; however, cultural aspects should be considered to bolster its reliability for practical application.


In this study of the controller's decision-making authority, controllers, their peers, and superiors in 25 firms were interviewed for their perceptions of the controller's authority in specific decisions. The data indicate that controllers do not have the same authority in all their functions or in the various decisions within those functions. Also controllers, their peers, and superiors have different perceptions of the controller's authority. A comparison is made with the findings of an earlier study on personnel managers, and some implications are noted.


The current status of libraries of observed spectra available in literature is re- viewed, using inputs from the Asiago Database of Spectroscopic Databases (ADSD) which censuses, compares and homogenizes to common grounds 294 libraries of ultraviolet, opti- cal and infrared spectra. Suggestions are derived concerning targets for future observational e orts and the necessity for improvements in the observation/data reduction process.


During 1986-1990 an intensive harvest of alligators was conducted on Salvador Wildlife Management Area (SWMA). A total of 4,173 alligators averaging 1.84 m total length (TL) were harvested. Hunters successfully filled all tags and completed the harvest in only 12 to 16 days. Sex ratios, size class frequency distribution (SCFD), average length, and nest production all remained consistent throughout the study. Harvest parameters (average length, sex ratios, and SCFD) differed significantly from Louisiana's statewide harvest and suggested proportional harvesting; however, none of the data examined indicated that the intensive harvest had any significant impact on the alligator population on the study area. Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies 46:88-97 Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) historically have been harvested from Louisiana's vast coastal wetlands (Mcllhenny 1935, Chabreck 1966). The apparent decline in alligator populations in the mid 1900s resulted in the closure of the alligator harvest season in 1963 (Chabreck 1967). The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) began an active alligator research program in 1958, designed to evaluate the life history, ecology, abundance, and distribution of the species in Louisiana (Joanen and McNease 1973). By 1972 alligator populations in Cameron Parish were determined to be sufficient to begin an experimental harvest (Palmisano et al. 1973). Subsequently, the season was expanded to include 1 additional parish each in 1973 and 1975, 9 additional parishes in 1979, and statewide in 1981. From 1972 to 1991, >279,096 wild alligators have been harvested in Louisiana (Joanen et al. 1984, Joanen and McNease 1991, LDWF alligator harvest stat., unpubl. data). Harvest quotas in coastal Louisiana are based on conservative alligator popula1 Present Address: P.O. Box 647, Bernice, LA 71222. 1992 Proc. Annu. Conf. SEAFWA Intensive Alligator Harvest 89 tion estimates derived by conducting coastwide annual nest counts and utilizing the methodology described by Chabreck (1966). Analysis of Louisiana harvest statistics, night counts, sex ratios, and reproductive data (Joanen 1969, Joanen and McNease 1973) resulted in development of a size class frequency distribution (SCFD) model, a population estimate, and a conclusion that McNease and Joanen (1978) underestimated alligator populations in coastal Louisiana (Taylor and Neal 1984). Addition of extensive alligator reproductive data to the Taylor and Neal (1984) model resulted in a new SCFD model and a population estimate 4 times as large as previous estimates (Taylor et al. 1991). Taylor and Neal (1984) and Taylor et al. (1991) suggest that alligator populations are far larger than previously thought and that the harvest in Louisiana could be greatly expanded if alligators were harvested proportional to their existence in the population. To evaluate the effect of increased harvest quotas on alligator populations, the LDWF conducted an experimental harvest of alligators in September each year from 1986 to 1990 on Salvador Wildlife Management Area. Our objectives were to determine the impact of high harvest rates on 1) sex and age ratios of harvested alligators, 2) SCFD of harvested alligators, and 3) annual nest production, and to determine if this harvest could be completed within Louisiana's annual 30day September alligator season. This research was funded by the LDWF. We thank Mike Windham, Irvin Dares and Leroy Schouest for their assistance. We also thank Lisa Gorman for manuscript preparation and Rebecca Frederick (La. State Univ. Dep. Exp. Stat.) for statistical analysis.


Whereas evolution changes of central hemodynamics in healthy subjects and patients with arterial hypertension (AH) at various ages, literature lacks data on aging changes of hemodynamics in capacity vessels. The issue of possible influence of functional changes in the venous system on the development of postural hypotension in hypertensive subjects of various age groups is also studied insufficiently. 140 patients with moderate arterial hypertension aged 17 to 50 have been studied. Main values of central hemodynamics and peripheral venous blood Suppl.y at baseline and following an active postural test have been analyzed. The results of the study suggest progressing of venous hypertension patterns in AH patients with age and decrease of adequate vascular Suppl.y on the part of capacity vessels during a postural test.


A nonlinear process of heat propagation with absorption in a homogeneous isotropic medium is described. More generally, the equation for such a process takes the form u{sub t} = div(K(u){del}u) - A(u)u, where K, the thermal conductivity, and A, the absorption coefficient, are continuous and positive functions of the temperature u > 0. This equation can also be used to describe diffusion processes. Then u is a density or a concentration, and K(u) represents the diffusivity. We are interested in studying asymptotic properties of extinction phenomena. It is a field that has been only recently treated in a rigorous mathematical fashion, and this almost exclusively for one-dimensional semilinear equations, i.e. when K(u) is constant, cf. [HVe] and references therein. Several interesting properties of solutions of the one-dimensional equation with strong absorption and power nonlinearities were studied in the recent paper [CMM], but detailed asymptotic space-time behaviour near the extinction time was not considered.


In this paper, we investigate the multicast capacity for static network with heterogeneous clusters. We study the effect of heterogeneities on the achievable capacity from two aspects, including heterogeneous cluster traffic (HCT) and heterogeneous cluster size (HCS). HCT means cluster clients are more likely to appear near the cluster head, instead of being uniformly distributed across the network and HCS means each cluster is also not equal in size as most prior literatures assume. Both of these two properties are commonly found in realistic networks. For this class of networks, we find that HCT increases network capacity for all the clusters and HCS does not influence the network capacity. Our work can generalize various results obtained under non-heterogeneous networks in the literature.


N-Linked Glycans on the Viral Glycoprotein are not Required for Induction of Protective Immunity to VHSV as a DNA Vaccine


Departing from a brief historical approach to Der Doppelganger (Double/Doubleganger) in Literature, and to its particular manifestation in the Don Juan's (or Don Giovanni's) myth, this article provides an analysis of the dualities that seem to be the very core of the play D. Joao and the mask by Antonio Patricio (1878-1930). This paper claims that those dualities permeate not only the play's theme, but also its formal elements.


The cost-effectiveness of biodiversity management of heather, herb-rich grassland and wetland habitats is compared between different farm types in the context of the Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) scheme in Scotland. Biodiversity is measured at two spatial levels. Costs to the public exchequer of habitat management are compared with private costs to the farmer. Biodiversity and cost are combined in cost-effectiveness ratios. Biodiversity, cost and cost-effectiveness differentials are found between farm types for all three habitats. Farms incur negligible opportunity costs in the management of all three habitats, implying farmer retention of compensating ESA management payments. It is concluded that greater account of biodiversity and cost characteristics of entrants to agri-environmental schemes would increase the costeffectiveness and transparency of schemes, and assist towards scheme assessment at the individual farm level.


J.P. Morgan is a global leader in financial services, offering solutions to the world's most important corporations, governments and institutions in more than 100 countries. The paper mainly analyzes the leader of digital transformation in the banking industry by Grey Relation Analysis. J.P. Morgan is actively deploying advanced technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence to enhance its digital capabilities and promote the implementation of digital scenarios. We believe that the research into J.P. Morgan's digital transformation has important reference significance for China's banking institutions to accelerate digital transformation and build the core competitiveness of digital banks with technological innovation as the key gene.


Our paper proposes a Space Vector Modulation for a matrix converter which supplies an RL load. Firstly, a detailed study of the direct matrix converter is presented with the control technique used. Then, detailed results of the simulations are given. Finally, a thorough discussion of the results is presented, showing the attractive features of the matrix converter, from different simulations using MATLAB/SPS software.


On the supply side, the rate of increase of crop improvement for production of food will not meet forecasted demand. Constraints on land, water and other inputs, as well as evolving threats including biosecurity, climate change and social license are all production hazards. Additionally, the right type of production and processing needs to occur. While many people in the world are undernourished, there just as many who over eat. This is where supply melds into demand. Even if a sustainable, healthy and tasty product is available, consumers need to want it. Thus, solutions to these problems will need careful planning, collaboration and integration across the supply chain with health officials, government bodies, researchers, industry and consumers.


Phialocephala was established for species that produce their conidia from phialides at the apex of dark mononematous conidiophores. Phialocephala phycomyces(Auersw.) Kendrick was described more than a century ago as the only species of the genus Hantzschia. The phialides of P. phycomyces are not as deep-seated as those found in Phialocephala dimorphosporaKendrick, the type of Phialocephala, and conidium development occurs near the apex of the conidiogenous cell. Furthermore, P. phycomyces is characterized by reddish-brown conidiophores and is cycloheximide resistant. Based on morphological, as well as molecular comparisons, we concluded that P. phycomyces is a distinct genus, Kendrickiella gen.nov.


Accelerated stability study (40°C/75% RH, 6 months) as well as long term stability studies (30°C/65% RH, 36 months) are conducted on three
batches (I-III) of two commercially available CNS active herbal products (A and B) containing
Convolvulus pluricaulis with Centella asiatica or Bacopa monnieri.

Stability samples were withdrawn at periodic intervals, and evaluated for physical
stability (color, clarity, viscosity and pH), chemical stability (total phenolic (TPC), scopoletin,
asiatic acid and bacoside A content), and biological activities (free radical scavenging,
anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antianxiety). All stability samples retained the physical
characteristics compared to corresponding control samples. Control samples exhibited significant
batch-to-batch variation in TPC (46.8-65.9 mgGAE/L), scopoletin (165.78-206.15 ng/mL
in A and 2.61-28.78 ng/mL in B), asiatic acid (30.14-44.92 μg/mL in B), free radical scavenging
activity (IC50 0.5-1.25% v/v), AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 75.0-96.3% v/v), and antianxiety
activity.

 The chemical indicators and biological activities were significantly decreased in
both accelerated and long term stability samples compared to corresponding control samples.
A correlation between scopoletin and biological activities was established in products A
whereas asiatic acid/C. asiatica defies the logical correlation in product B.

 The products exhibited significant batch-to-batch variation, and did not remain
stable for the recommended shelf life period of three years, which suggested that these are
suspected to lose therapeutic efficacy during their shelf life.


China's cultivated land resource protection policy has gone through the stages of awakening of protection consciousness, conceptualization of protection policy, systematization of protection system and balanced development of "trinity". The cultivated land protection has evolved from quantity management to balance of quality, quantity and ecology. At the same time, this study introduces the necessity of cultivated land protection from the connotation of cultivated land. The connotation of the value of cultivated land resources is mainly composed of economic, social and


The sovereign state is, as a rule, the entity established under public law with representation and capacity for dialogue in an international level. There is consistent evidence that liberal and democratic institutions give primacy to the executive power when shaping foreign policy in presidential and parliamentary countries. This paper aims to conduct a comparative study of the constitutions of Brazil, Colombia, and Chile on the existing mechanisms that allow for civil society ?s participation in foreign policy. The preferred method of study is the examination of the theoretical framework of participation and analyzes the constitutions that show possible mechanisms of civil society ?s participation in foreign policy. However, the result of this study indicates that the constitutions of Brazil, Chile, and Colombia indicates a slow change towards greater participation of civil society in the production and influencing of foreign policy within these countries. In conclusion, the current participation of civil society is strictly punctual and varies depending on the structural shape of the constitution of these countries.


The invention relates to a humidity control system for a Chinese medical herb pharmacy, which mainly aims at timely and automatically removing the moisture in the pharmacy. The system comprises a humidity detecting device, a master control device, a moisture removing device and a power supply module, wherein the humidity detecting device is arranged in the pharmacy and connected with the master control device, the master control device is connected with the moisture removing device, the moisture removing device is arranged at a ventilation position of the pharmacy, and the power supply module supplies work power for the humidity detecting device, the master control device and the moisture removing device. The humidity control system monitors the air humidity in the pharmacy at any time, and according to the humidity, timely controls a motor of an exhaust fan to drive the exhaust fan to remove the moisture of the pharmacy, thereby reducing the workload for airing medical materials, and avoiding the waste of labor and material resources; and the moisture of the pharmacy is removed to maintain the storage environment for Chinese medical herbs, thereby preventing the Chinese medical herbs from caking, deliquescence, mildew, deterioration, pollution and the like in storage.


Abstract The p-adic completion ℚp of the rational numbers induces a different absolute value |⋅|p than the typical | ⋅| we have on the real numbers. In this paper we compare and contrast functions f : ℝ+ → ℝ+, for which the composition with the p-adic metric dp generated by |⋅|p is still a metric on ℚp, with the usual metric preserving functions and the functions that preserve the Euclidean metric on ℝ. In particular, it is shown that f ∘ dp is still an ultrametric on ℚp if and only if there is a function g such that f ∘ dp = g ∘ dp and g ∘ d is still an ultrametric for every ultrametric d. Some general variants of the last statement are also proved.


On a database of the population cancer register of the Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation for the period 15.11.2006-15.11.2012 for the first time were investigated an observed and an adjusted three-year survival of 14774 patients with 23 localizations ofmalignant tumor (MT). Comparatively were estimated the survival of the patients with these diagnoses before inclusion (in 07.2009) of the regional oncology clinic into the structure of Kaliningrad regional clinical hospital (group "BEFORE"), and after this (group "AFTER"). The Determination of Government KO №284 05.2009y was realized during second half 2009y. Observed and adjusted three-year survival in group "BEFORE" was shorter than in group "AFTER" at all 23 MT localizations. These distinctions were statistically significant (from p 0.05) were made by five rare MT soft tissues, bones, retroperitoneal tumors, thyroid gland, and Hodgkin s lymphomas. Data of statistics is indicating that the improvement of survival of the patients with MT was caused by the involving of the material resources, personnel and organizational resources of Kaliningrad regional clinical hospital for the oncological service of region population.


Objectives: Performing digital cephalometric analysis on apps is a convenient feature of handheld devices. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of the OneCeph cephalometric tracing app on a smartphone and computer. Methods: 34 lateral cephalograms were traced in two sessions using three methods: OneCeph on a smartphone, OneCeph on a computer, and NemoCeph on a computer as the reference. For trueness analysis, the measurements were compared between each test method and the reference. For precision analysis, the measurements were compared between sessions. Results: Regarding trueness analysis, significant differences were found between OneCeph and NemoCeph for ANB (smartphone, -0.3±0.68; computer, -0.3±0.52), OL/SN (smartphone, -1.1±2.68; computer -2.0±2.98), and GoGn/SN (smartphone, -0.5±1.27; computer, -0.8±1.56). OneCeph reproducibility was high for all cephalometric variables except OL/SN, both on the smartphone and the computer (ICC [95%CI]: 0.888 [0.773-0.944] and 0.842 [0.583-0.931], respectively). Repeatability was high for all cephalometric variables except OL/SN and UINA on the smartphone (ICC [95%CI]: 0.889 [0.730-0.950] and 0.831 [0.687-0.912], respectively). Tracing time was significantly higher for both OneCeph methods. Conclusions: OneCeph demonstrated adequate accuracy and efficiency on both interfaces. Clinical judgment is advised when interpreting the measurement output of handheld devices, which may provide a higher frequency of gross landmark identification errors.


In the paper, an algorithm for the analysis of induction motors dedicated to the electric traction of the autonomous vehicles, with emphasis on the energetic performances, is grounded. The problem is not simple, as the motors operate at voltage and frequency different from the rated values. The authors have developed an original algorithm for estimating the variable parameters, namely the resistance and the inductance related to the magnetization circuit. On this basis, the energetic analysis of the control at constant rotor frequency was performed in two aspects: the mechanical characteristics and the speed control at constant torque or constant power, respectively. Starting from the high energetic performance of the control at constant rotor frequency, the optimal control that maximizes the motor efficiency is investigated.


The electric power system consists of generator and power grid of both the relationship is inseparable.The generator is the source for providing electricity,supporting grid voltage,adjusting and keeping stability of the system while the grid is to connect customers and all units for forming a stable dynamic system.It is necessary to realize extensive coordination and correct interaction between generating unit and grid for ensuring common safety and stability.Among mass famous blackout accidents in the world,there are examples of inconsistence of generating unit and grid.Modern power grid is tremendous with complicated structure and equipments,meanwhile,it is complex in aspects of voltage and power angle stability,coordination of equipment safety and protection automatic device which definitely comes up with higher requirements for generating unit and grid coordination.This paper summarizes and analyzes affect,role and significance of generating unit and power grid coordination for modern power grid from the angle of global electric power system as far as possible.It states comments,development,theoretical foundation,action principles and application of generating unit and grid coordination in order to provide conference and help to study and improve problems of generating unit and grid coordination.


One of the main basic components of the future generation of intelligent combat equipment is the edge computing platform. Evaluate the strategy and describe the test methods and key performance indicators. The method attempts will help to combine big data, intelligent computing models with typical military application scenarios, and conduct targeted research on the capability evaluation methods of embedded edge computing platforms. Aiming at the traditional evaluation method that uses manual evaluation, there is a great subjective consciousness in the evaluation process, which causes the problem of low accuracy of evaluation. A feedback model-based English teaching ability evaluation method is proposed. The use of a feedback mechanism in the English classroom can significantly increase the comparison of ability parameters. The open-minded calculation of the feedback evaluation is used to evaluate the various abilities in the English teaching process. The indications are presented as numbers, and an evaluation feedback model is built to verify the evaluation's completeness and accuracy. In order to ensure the accuracy of the designed evaluation method of English teaching ability based on the feedback model, the simulated classroom teaching environment is simulated for comparison experiments, and the effectiveness of the designed evaluation method can be verified through the effective analysis of experimental data.


Inertial measurement unit or other navigation devices are used to obtain the posture information of most mobile robots based on ultrawide band. However, problems, such as zero drift, temperature drift, and error increasing with time, exist in inertial measurement unit and other navigation devices. To overcome these problems, a posture algorithm for mobile robot based on ultrawide band is proposed in this article. Real-time posture information can be obtained by the posture algorithm without using inertial measurement unit and other navigation devices. Simulated results show that the mean absolute error and root mean square error of posture angle in the global coordinate system are 0.951° and 1.169°, respectively. Both the simulated and experimental trajectories show good agreement with the ideal trajectory. The results indicate that the posture data can be obtained accurately by the posture algorithm and the accuracy can meet the requirements for most mobile robots. This article is expected to be of great guiding significance for the development of mobile robots.


Deep drainage below the root zone of irrigated crops is both a waste of a scarce resource and a cause of potential environmental problems such as water logging and salinity. We measured deep drainage under furrow irrigated cotton on a Grey Vertosol using a variable tension lysimeter over two contrasting irrigation seasons. The amount of drainage was dependant on both the antecedent moisture conditions and the amount of early season rainfall. Bypass flow was detected in both seasons.


Abstract BACKGROUND The ability to rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection is vital for patient care due to overlap in clinical symptoms. Roche's cobas® Liat® SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B Nucleic Acid Test used on the cobas® Liat® was granted approval under FDA's Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for nasopharyngeal (NP) and nasal swabs collected in viral/universal transport medium (VTM/UTM). However, there is a critical need for media that inactivates the virus, especially when specimens are collected in decentralized settings. This study aimed to investigate the use of PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium® (PS-MTM®), designed to inactivate/kill and stabilize RNA/DNA for ambient transport and pre-processing of collected samples. METHODS A limit of detection (LOD) using serially diluted SARS-CoV-2 RNA in PS-MTM® and routine UTM was established using standard qPCR. Additionally, a clinical panel of NP and oral swabs collected in PS-MTM® collected during the 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were evaluated on the cobas® Liat® and compared to 'gold standard' qPCR on an ABI-7500 instrument. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 RNA LOD using standard qPCR was equivalent on the cobas® Liat® instrument. cobas® Liat® detection from oral/NP swabs in PS-MTM® media exhibited equivalent positive percent agreement (100%) and negative percent agreement (96.4%). CONCLUSION PS-MTM® and the Roche cobas® Liat® are compatible and complimentary devices for respiratory specimen collection and rapid disease detection, respectively. PS-MTM® is equivalent to standard VTM/UTM with the added benefit of safe, non-infectious sample processing for near-patient testing.


Precision molecular imaging finds application in the delineation of tumor margins during surgical resection of head and neck cancers (HNCs). Despite the advantages of surgery, there remain challenges in successfully locating tumor margins, resecting the entire tumor volume and treatment of microscopic tumor tissue. The presence of residual tumors, post-surgery, may require additional interventions and often lead to tumor recurrence. While Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) remains a receptor of choice for targeting in HNCs, the heterogeneity in the expression of EGFR often leads to variations in response to targeted therapeutics. To improve visualization and tumor margin delineation during head and neck tumor surgeries, this study demonstrates the development of a molecular targeted theranostic probe combining the complementary features of fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. The probe: DFAC (Dual Function Antibody Conjugate) comprises of a fluorophore/photosensitizer; Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) and a photoacoustic contrast agent; naphthalocyanine (NC) derivative conjugated to an EGFR antibody; Cetuximab. While BPD assists in fluorescence imaging, it can also be used for inducing cytotoxicity, through photodynamic activation in target tissues. The efficacy of DFAC in selective visualization and photodynamic therapy of tumor cells is evaluated on heterocellular 3D tumor spheroids and orthotopic mouse tongue tumors developed from human oral cancer cell lines (CAL27 and SCC4), expressing different levels of EGFR. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential of the theranostic probe (DFAC) to delineate tumor regions for guiding surgical resection and eradicate residual tumor tissue (post-surgery) by photodynamic therapy.


Background: Severe inherited bleeding disorders are most common during early childhood. Hereditary bleeding disorder refers to a group of medical conditions that cause poor blood clotting and uncontrollable bleeding. Objective: This study aimed to report the hematological changes that may occur in patients diseased with hemophilia to help the medical team know how the body responds to treatment, and consequently decrease complications and deaths. Methods: The current study was conducted in Maternity and Pediatrics Hospital, Karbala, Iraq. The study included 100 samples of female patients infected with hemophilia and 100 samples of healthy female children within the age range of 1-18 years. Results: The current study indicated total red blood cells count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume that were significantly decreased in patients with hemophilia (p ≤ 0.05) compared to healthy children. In contrast, total white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased significantly in patients with hemophilia compared to healthy children (p ≤ 0.05). Conlcusion: Changes in hematological parameters for patients infected with hemophilia occur as a result of frequent bleeding, which is the primary sign of hemophilia.


List of figures List of tables Preface List of abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. Science and innovation in pharmaceutical research 3. Economic implications of greater scientific intensity in drug research 4. In-house scientific research and innovation: case studies of large US pharmaceutical companies 5. Scientific research and drug discovery: an econometric investigation 6. A model of the innovation cycle in the pharmaceutical industry 7. Complementarity and external linkages: the strategies of large firms in biotechnology 8. Conclusions Notes References Index.


Though the decision directed least mean square error algorithm(DD-LMS) has small residual error, when the channel eye close, it can not converge. That is, it has no cold start ability. According to the signal-to-noise ratio, a decision circle is adopted in this paper to decide the equalizer output, which united the constant modulus algorithm(CMA) and decision directed algorithm, computer simulation proves the algorithm has the advantage of stability, cold start and restart ability and low added complexity.


: Organizational culture is seen as an organization specific system of widely shared values and assumptions that give rise to typical behavior patterns. Organizations as a living entities created by mankind through their arte facts and assumptions have culture of their own. Therefore, it becomes imperative to understand the dynamics of organizational culture. The paper aims to review the important articles and theories in the field of organisational culture by studying important researches done by great thinkers and academicians in the past such as GLOBE, OCTAPACE among others. It reviews the cross cultural differences in organisational practices identified in various studies. It studies role of organisational culture as both independent and moderating variable in an organisation. It is seen that organisational culture has an impact on organisational performance and can prove to be a source of competitive advantage if rare, non imitable and valuable culture is sustained by the organisation.But it is important to note that with the advent of globalization and companies crossing border, culture has become extremely fluid in nature. Therefore, organisations must adapt to this rise in new cultural community emerging in global businesses and accepts this cross-verging of culture across the globe.


This paper presents a process to evaluate and implement fire requirements in historic buildings. The process is to; Assess Heritage Significance, Develop Fire Safety Objectives, Qualitatively Assess the Fire Risk, Fire Design to meet the BIA Acceptable Solutions, Fire Design as an Alternative Solution, Identify and Evaluate Fire Safety Options within a Conservation Context, Obtain Building Consent, Implement the Chosen Fire Design, Meet Compliance Schedule Requirements. The best approach is a team approach, with all parties involved at the outset. This team approach continues through to installation and making sure the installation contractor is aware of the goal and limitations of the project. The Robert McDougall Art Gallery in Christchurch is a purpose built art gallery that also has a heritage one classification. The Gallery was only provided with an automatic heat detection system, with manual call points and sounders. A significant fire protection upgrade to install fire separations, specialised smoke detection, an automatic sprinkler system and smoke exhaust capability was undertaken over approximately three years using this process.


The partial molar isentropic compressibilities at infinite dilution, K°S,2, have been determined for eight N-acetyl amino acid amides and four N-acetyl-N′-methyl amino acid amides in aqueous solution at 298.15 K. The partial molar isothermal compressibilities at infinite dilution, K°T,2, were derived from the K°S,2 results using partial molar expansibilities and heat capacities determined in previous work. The K°T,2 and K°S,2 results were used to calculate the contributions to the compressibility of the amino acid side-chains. These results are compared with those derived using alternative small solutes that have been proposed as models for the amino acid side-chains in proteins. The applicability of the various side-chain contributions in group additivity schemes for the calculation of the compressibilities of poylpeptides and proteins is discussed.


This research aims to identify the pillars of the crime of cyber libel from the UAE perspective. This research identified two pillars of this crime: the first is the material pillar that addresses criminal behaviour, criminal consequences, and causation. The second one is the moral pillar that addresses science, will, and publicity. The research argues that the United Arab Emirates has taken the lead in this regard, as it issued Federal Law Decree No. (34) in 2021 regarding combating rumours and cybercrime. It adds that the UAE legislator also dealt with the crimes of cyber libel. In this research. The research concludes that the crime of libel is an intentional crime, and the same applies to the criminal intent in the crime of cyber libel through electronic means. In addition, it is achieved by directing the offender's will into action by using the informational network and information technology as a means to deliver insults and slander to the victim.


This paper addresses the current expansion of a religiously motivated educative movement coming from Turkey, the Fethullah Gulen movement, in Africa and more specifically in Kenya. First it will highlight the stakes raised by the definition of the movement and the nature of its action. Then it will strive to demonstrate the existence of a "joint-venture" between the Turkish state and the movement of Fethullah Gulen. Lastly it will examine the impact of the movement on Kenya, a retreating state, and the project of creating an "indigenized" elite in the country.


This review study, presented at the 2nd World Conference on Advanced Materials for Defense (AuxDefense 2020), focuses on skin as sensory interface and explores the latest discoveries in bioelectronic science. The work analyzes at what extent invisibility is possible by emulating nature, and if military applications can really benefit from technology that combines epidermal systems and virtual reality — and from next generation of wearable textile computing technologies.


The diagnostic procedure of esophagoscopy was carried out in a 68-year-old man with a complaint of dysphagia.Though the procedure was carried out easily without a injury of esophageal wall, the patient complained of dyspnoe (with cyanosis) three hours after this procedure.Immediate roentgenologic examination revealed a spontaneous Pneumothorax of the right thorax, and he was cured by continuous suctioning of air from his right thorax.This senile patient had been a coal-miner for 40 years, and suffered from pulmonary silicosis associate coith seuere pulmonary emphysema.It was assumed that the spontaneous pneumothorax of this patient was probably caused by an increased intra-pulmonary pressure created by paroxysmal cough and breath holding during the esophagoscopic procedure.


24. A general description of the beasts, birds, and plants, &c. found by the party in this expedition 25. Difficulty of procuring means of subsistence for the party 26. Description of Wappatoo Island, and the mode in which the nations gather wappatoo 27. Captain Clarke procures four horses for the transportation of the baggage 28. The party still pursue their route towards the Kooskooskee on horseback, with Wollawollah guides 29. The party encamp amongst the Chopunnish 30. The party mingle in the diversions of the Willetpos Indians, a tribe hitherto unnoticed 31. The party proceed on their journey with their Indian guides, and at length agree to divide, to take several routes, and to meet again at the mouth of the Yellowstone River 32. Captain Lewis and his party still proceed on the route mentioned in the last chapter, and arrive at the forks of Maria's River 33. The party commanded by Captain Clarke, previous to his being joined by Captain Lewis, proceed along Clarke's River, in pursuance of the route mentioned in a preceding chapter 34. Captain Clarke proceeds with his party down the river 35. The party, while descending the river in their skin canoes, are overtaken by the detachment under Captain Lewis, and the whole party, now once more happily united, descend the Missouri together 36. The party return in safety to St. Louis.


The University of Texas at Brownsville (UTB) serves more than 8,000 students in the Lower Rio Grande Valley area and broader Mexico region. UTB is a Hispanic-serving institution that attracts students from the surrounding areas, including the Mexico border region. The College of Science, Mathematics and Technology (CSMT) established a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) cohort program to help the majority of students to earn a degree in a STEM field in the shortest possible time. The challenges and obstacles encountered during the planning and implementation phase of the STEM cohort program are discussed in this paper, as are the adjustments and real solutions adopted to move the project forward and the retention problems encountered with the student groups.


Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oilor animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters. Process simulation is the representation of a chemical process by a mathematical model. Process engineering and simulation for continuous production of biodiesel play an important role in commercial bio-fuels production. In this article, process engineering aspect is discussed and proposed for continuous production of biodiesel.


A inductor-capacitor (LC) tuned magnetically suspended rotating gyroscope prototype is designed and analyzed. High permeability ferrite cores are used for providing suspension force, and the rotation system is designed using the switched reluctance motor (SRM) principle. According to the LC-tuned principle, magnetic suspension force expression has been derived. The electromagnetic properties of the gyroscope are simulated by the Ansoft Maxwell software. And our result is expected to be able to serve as a prototype of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) magnetically suspended rotating gyroscope in future practical applications.


One of the natural alternatives used in poultry productions has been the Zeolitas that for their physical and chemical properties, they have demonstrated, excellent results. Based on these antecedents, was carried out this investigation with the objective of evaluating the effect of the natural zeolitas in the nutrition of the chicken broiler, when being ingested in combination with the nutritious diet.


In many industries, teamwork is critical to enterprise existence. However, many manufacturing small and medium firms (SMEs) in Nigeria have failed to survive before their fifth birthday. The aim of this positivistic study is to examine the effect of teamwork on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire is used to collect data from 364 owner-managers of manufacturing SMEs selected using stratified random sampling technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze data. Results show that teamwork has a strong, positive, and significant effect on the survival of manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria. More specifically, the dimension of communication is a strong predictor of SME's survival, followed by recognition, team spirit, and collaboration. The study concludes that there is a variety of critical dimensions of teamwork for the survival of manufacturing SMEs. The study also recommends that if manufacturing SMEs are to survive and thrive in Nigeria, owner-managers must demonstrate and promote a multi-dimensional and nuanced vision of teamwork. The study's findings have key pragmatic and research implications.


Onion plants, from direct sowing to the field, are more damaged by mechanical cultivation and more sensitive to herbicides, especially to broadleaf herbicides, than transplanted onions. With the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of the herbicides oxyfluorfen, ioxynyl-octanoato and fluazifop-p-butyl, applied in post-emergence, alone or tank mix, with or without paraquat application, before onion plants emergence, this investigation was carried out at Monte Alto County, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. None of the herbicides sprayed alone were efficient in the control of all the weeds present in the experimental area. The tank mix of fluazifop-p-butyl plus oxyfluorfen or ioxynyl-octanoato, regardless of paraquat application, at five days after sowing, controlled efficiently Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus lividus, Echinoclhoa crusgalli, Eragrostis pilosa, Digitaria horizontalis, Eleusine indica and Brachiaria plantaginea, with production of bulbs similar to the weeded control.


PURPOSE: A coupon management terminal and a system providing a coupon service are provided to supply a coupon through a M2M(Machine to Machine) using a local wireless communication based on WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network) of a mobile communication network, thereby reducing the cost. CONSTITUTION: A coupon management terminal(20) extracts local wireless communication type of a determined mobile terminal(10) and a coupon management program applied to a platform through a local wireless communication unit. The mobile terminal transceives a coupon through a coupon management terminal and a local wireless communication. According to a subscribing request of a member store, a coupon management server(30) processes subscription of a service. A coupon management server provides the coupon and the coupon management program to the coupon management terminal.


This paper makes the theoretical analysis on the automat by using the basic hypothesis of the internal trajectory and the relevant theories,and calculates the changing regularity of the internal trajectory and the gas chamber by using the program of C-language,which establishes the good theoretical foundation for simulating the recoiling motion of the automat.


Recently, several authors [1, 3, 9] have investigated the algebraic and transcendental values of the hypergeometric series for rational parameters a, b, c and algebraic arguments z. This work has led to some interesting new identities such as and where Γ(x) denotes the gamma function.


This paper introduces the development of state feedback control theory of discrete event dynamical systems(DEDS), then shows some important results in some main topics. Finally, some future research work on state feedback control of DEDS are proposed.


First-year chemical engineering students carry out a horizontally integrated design project working in teams. The teams are each led by two fourth-year students, one taking on the role of team leader and the other of knowledge manager so that the project is also vertically integrated. Team leaders facilitate project and team management while knowledge managers facilitate the learning process of first-year students in such a way that both are essentially coaches. Fourth-year students experience alternatively both roles during the two semesters (15 weeks) of the academic year. These new roles require a new set of technical and social skills: Team management, facilitative leadership, and project management skills, which are formally introduced in the fourth-year Project Management course and put into practice in the Project Management in Practice course. The real challenge of the whole approach is ensuring that fourth-year students resist the temptation of reproducing the supervisory role of professors in the classical classroom environment, despite the pressure of achieving project objectives, the inexperience of first-year students who are not used to this approach, and the cultural inertia of the professors involved.


A preliminary study of the main parameters affecting the reaction and properties of the recovered polyol has been carried out using reference and waste polyurethane samples. The glycolysis experiments were performed under atmospheric pressure in a glass stirred tank reactor at a constant temperature. Diethylene glycol and diethanolamine were used as solvent and catalyst respectively. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the presence of polyol in the products and chemical structure of glycolysate products were studied by FTIR. The application of the recovered polyol was evaluated by foaming tests to study the replacement ratio of the commercial polyol by recycled polyol. Replacement ratios up to 30% of the commercial polyol by the recycled one have been achieved.


Discussions on authenticity have become prominent in tourism research, particularly in the context of heritage tourism and quantitative approaches have become popular methods to investigate authenticity, especially from a tourist's perspective. Previous studies, however, have failed to include multiple forms of authenticity into a single quantitative scale, as well as to use a formative approach for its measures. This study develops a comprehensive and reliable scale of authenticity, considering its multidimensional complexity and its formative nature. A reflective–formative hierarchical component model of perceived authenticity toward heritage experience, including three lower order components of objective authenticity, existential authenticity, and constructive authenticity, is proposed. The scale of authenticity also indicates a strong predictive power over tourist satisfaction.


The article finds that the essential characteristic of public relations of government is publicity.Therefore,the further discussion of basic theories and problems of public relations of government could be explored from the view of publicity.


Article history: Received October 21, 2014 Received in revised form January 29, 2015 Accepted 8 March 2015 Available online 8 March 2015 The current development of polyurethane self-healing materials has been evaluated and reviewed. Three main ways of self-healing – microcontainers, microvascular networks and reversible polymers are described, and recent most prominent examples of self-healing materials applications presented. © 2015 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


A constitutive model for the stress‐strain‐time behavior of cohesive soils is developed using Cam‐clay plasticity theory extended to include time‐dependent effects. The model adopts the concept of separating the total deformation into immediate and delayed components. The immediate plastic deformation is evaluated by employing the associative flow rule on each of two distinct yield surfaces defined by the ellipsoid of the modified Cam‐clay theory and the Von Mises cylinder inscribed in the Cam‐clay ellipsoid. The delayed component of deformation is evaluated by employing the normality rule on equivalent ellipsoidal and cylindrical yield surfaces associated with the current state of stress of the soil and forcing the resulting creep strain rate tensor to satisfy phenomenological creep laws. In a companion paper by the same writers, the resulting constitutive equation is shown to predict the stress‐strain‐time behavior of wet clays more accurately than an earlier version based on a single‐yield‐surface form...


INTRODUCTION: Recent experience with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures has led to concern over the stability of the posteromedial fragment when using standard lateral plating with anterior lag screws. Loss of reduction of this fragment has led to posterior subluxation of the femur in stance, and a stiff arthritic knee [1]. Historically fixation of these fragments has been performed with lateral plating combined with cannulated screws through a single anterior incision, or with combined medial and lateral plating [2-9]. In our hospital we have witnessed loss of fixation using these techniques resulting in posterior migration of the fragment which might have been avoided with more solid fixation. We have subsequently treated this fracture type using a posterior buttress plate with good results but data does not exists in the literature to show that this is better than anterior to posterior cannulated screws Bhatacharia [10] et al used posterior plating in a series of patients with posterior fragments and determined that posterior plating could be used with clinical success in these cases. Blokker et al [3] showed that quality of reduction was the dominant predictor of satisfactory outcome and that 5mm of articular step-off was associated with unsatisfactory results thus emphasizing the need for solid anatomic fixation that will resist postoperative forces. In this study we compared a technique using a lateral locking plate in combination with anterior lag screws to a technique that used a lateral locking plate in combination with a posteromedial 'T' plate in composite bones. We hypothesized that the posteromedial T plate would exhibit superior mechanical properties.


A methodology for studying the effect of vibrations generated by a haptic interface on upper limb is introduced. In the proposed methodology, a subject presses on a horizontally vibrating, rigid, virtual object with a cheap offtheshelf (COTS) haptic device. When the subject feels vibrations of fixed amplitude and varying frequencies the electromyographic (EMG) activity of upper limb is recorded. The relationship between the maximum force feedback and the amplitude of the EMG recordings is obtained. It suggests that EMG activities in upper limb increase significantly even for small changes in the low force feedback from the haptic device. These results can be used to develop rehabilitation programs and evaluation methods that are based on vibration force feedback produced by COTS haptic devices.


Infrared and visible image match is an important research topic in the field of multi-modality image processing. Due to the difference of image contents like pixel intensities and gradients caused by disparate spectrums, it is a great challenge for infrared and visible image match in terms of the detection repeatability and the matching accuracy. To improve the matching performance, a feature detection and description method based on consistent edge structures of images (DDCE) is proposed in this paper. First, consistent edge structures are detected to obtain similar contents of infrared and visible images. Second, common feature points of infrared and visible images are extracted based on the consistent edge structures. Third, feature descriptions are established according to the edge structure attributes including edge length and edge orientation. Lastly, feature correspondences are calculated according to the distance of feature descriptions. Due to the utilization of consistent edge structures of infrared and visible images, the proposed DDCE method can improve the detection repeatability and the matching accuracy. DDCE is evaluated on two public datasets and are compared with several state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results demonstrate that DDCE can achieve superior performance against other methods for infrared and visible image match.