Abstract : The Clean Energy Working Group is a system-wide collaboration at the University of Massachusetts. This briefing reports on the key research areas and the progress made.


Abstract Because everyday citizens and nonexpert stakeholders are either directly or indirectly involved in ocean health restoration plans and engage in activities that may place fisheries at risk, it is important to understand the scope and depth of their policy-relevant knowledge. Using a mail survey of more than 3000 Pacific Northwest U.S. citizens, we investigated levels of coastal and ocean policy-relevant knowledge, information sources associated with higher levels of policy-relevant knowledge, and relationships between knowledge and support for Pacific fisheries restoration. We found that citizens knowledgeable about ocean conditions were most supportive of ocean and coastal protection; that somewhat malleable situational factors are important predictors of knowledge; and that some sources of information are more directly connected to knowledge than others. This study concludes that public knowledge is a critical component of support for ocean and coastal management and that there are effective means for enhancing public knowledge.


A solvent-free method to fabricate graphene-reinforced nanocomposites in net shape via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing has been developed in this work. The effect of graphene nanofillers on resin viscosity and wettability for various printing parameters has been examined, with a systematic characterization of the mechanical and thermomechanical properties. With the addition of 0.5 wt.% graphene nanoplatelets in the resin, the flexural modulus and fracture toughness have been improved by 14% and 28% from neat resin, respectively. Thermomechanical properties of graphene-reinforced nanocomposites were also enhanced compared with the neat resin, without scarification in their printability. The feasibility of utilizing the DLP method to fabricate a fracture toughness specimen (KIC test) without complex skill-dependent notch preparation steps was explored, with different notch tip angles printed for net-shaped specimens. This provided a simple and versatile way to perform a quick examination of reinforcing efficiency from nanofillers at very low cost with high resolution and reproducibility. To demonstrate the suitability of current resins for complexly shaped structures, a gyroid scaffold for tissue engineering applications based on current graphene nanocomposite resins has been successfully fabricated via DLP, showing the great potential of current photocurable resins for applications in various fields such as tissue engineering or personalized medical devices without the cost barriers of traditional methods.


Green bell pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L., cv. ''Jupiter'') were coated with a mineral-oil-based coating or a cellulose-based coating. Three different milk-protein-based edible coatings (whey protein isolate, sodium caseinate, and sodium caseinate beeswax emulsion) plasticized with glycerol were also tested. The effects of these coatings were followed by measurement of changes in respiration, internal gases, color, firmness, and water loss during storage at 107C, 80‐85% RH for 20 days. None reduced respiration or affected color. Only the mineral-oil-based coating significantly reduced moisture loss, thus maintaining fruit firmness and thereby prolonging fruit freshness.


Experimental teaching is the key link to set up students' innovative meaning, cultivate and improve students' basic practical skills, comprehensive ability and innovation ability.This paper introduces the Bengbu Medical College in medical laboratory technology background, to develop students' employment and industry oriented, organization and implementation of medical testing skills competition, improve the medical laboratory technology professional practice teaching ability, strengthen students' occupation skill training, explore training model to meet the social and times demand of medical laboratory technology professionals, and to test the existence skills contest for reflection and improvement.

Key words:
Medical examination; Skills competition; Practice teaching


A one-dimensional random model of nanocrystalline was established. Its thermal properties were calculated by means of lattice dynamics. It has been found that the entropy and specific heat of nanocrystalline are higher than that of single crystal. This can be explained by the specific structure of nanocrystalline. There are many disorder atoms in grain boundary. This is the important reason why nanocrystalline possesses higher entropy. Therefore, it will be a variety of entropy and thermal properties so long as change the size of nanocrystalline, which means to change the percent of disorder atoms. It is helpful to improve the function of nanocrystalline.


In order to assist in comparing the computational techniques used in different models, the authors propose a standardized set of one-dimensional numerical experiments that could be completed for each model. The results of these experiments, with a simplified form of the computational representation for advection, diffusion, pressure gradient term, Coriolis term, and filter used in the models, should be reported in the peer-reviewed literature. Specific recommendations are described in this paper.


This thesis contributes to the design and optimization of quantum memories, which are crucial components of many quantum information processing tasks. In the thesis, we introduce a generalization of the Pauli stabilizer formalism, investigate the feasibility of preparing ground states of topological Hamiltonians through adiabatic evolutions, and show that it is possible to use machine learning to optimize dynamical decoupling sequences for quantum memories.


cent of labourers considered themselves able to choose whom they worked for. But on the other hand, he also shows that economic growth did not necessarily improve the lot of the poor workers. More labour was absorbed, notably with the spread of irrigation, but huge, especially seasonal unemployment persisted. The ranks of landless labourers were being swollen by former peasants, a change marked by the fact that those in the lower occupations (except for the artisans) were the most heterogeneous in caste. The artisans, too, had been drifting into agriculture, as their traditional occupations declined under pressure from competition and new technology. Ramachandran finds that commercial agriculture brought some consequential changes, but does so from an empirical basis. There may yet be a theory to be developed. The changes observed by Ramachandran—a reduction in the use of labour services especially for the intensive tasks of production, with higher wages paid to casual labour at these peak times; the extensive indebtedness; the landlords' shift towards directly managed production and away from formal tenancy arrangements; the loss of small plots of land or of livelihood by the poor—they all were visible in many parts of India; in Bihar, I believe, from the 1880s or earlier. On the other hand, the rapid increase in the proportion of landless labour which resulted from these changes was, by this account, relatively recent: 58 per cent of those surveyed claimed that their fathers had held land. Ramachandran accepts that there was an increasingly individual control over the workforce, while patron-client relations were withering away. Contrary to the predictions of Utsa Patnaik, short-term hire became more prevalent as commercial agriculture grew; the ready supply of labour was able to meet the increased demand without the need for longerterm bonds (which were one way of ensuring supply at times of peak demand). Casual employment was on the increase, especially in the more intensive tasks such as transplanting or harvesting. However, growth did not guarantee true wage labour, nor equitable distribution to the extent that it would have with a freer labour system. Arguably, the reason was that 'pre-capitalist forms of subordination can be and are utilized ... to cut costs by an employer in agriculture who otherwise employs wage labour' (p. 254). Landless labour pre-dated both colonialism and capitalism in this region, as elsewhere in India; its social context—caste, village institutions, 'corporate structures'— continues to have a powerful influence to the present day. Thus, though Ramachandran considers that wage labour is increasing, he does not adhere to a theory of evolutionary modes of production. The other studies considered here suggest that, from this viewpoint, he might have paid more attention to the link between debt and labour service (landlords lent to their workers), and to the contracting system which was widely used by landlords in order to recruit labour, and which the labourers apparently thought preferable to direct employment. The way his survey was categorized—by landownership and work patterns—tended to play down the operation of credit and marketing, and the role of intermediaries. Of the 650 households in Gokilapuram, especially studied in 1977, nearly 40 per cent were landless agricultural labourers, but nearly 12 per cent were landlords, small landowners or upper peasants (p. 58). It would have been interesting to know how they were connected with the credit arrangements, with the labourcontracting system, and thus with the extraeconomic constraints which qualified the freedom of wage labour. Then one might have explored further the ambiguous conclusion of Ramachandran which seems to be (in the context of the four views discussed here) that the market model of labour is not primary, though commercialization may well increase its salience, because labour systems are subject to social and political conditions.


This study is aimed at analyzing the performance of the radiative transfer models libRadtran and SBDART for estimating the shortwave (285-2800 nm) irradiance under different aerosol conditions. For that purpose, measurements of downward irradiance at the Earth s surface in Évora and the corresponding model simulations have been compared for six selected days (03-08-2003, 15-08-2004, 24-08-2004, 18-07-2005, 19-08-2007 and 17-05-2010). The comparison between measured and simulated values shows a highly significant correlation, with determination coefficient between 0.999 and 1 for both models and slope very close to unity (between 0.992±0.004 and 1.017±0.003 for libRadtran, and between 0.997±0.004 and 1.024±0.002 for SBDART), supporting the validity of the models in the estimation of irradiance in the shortwave spectral range. Relative differences between the simulated and measured irradiances with respect to the measured values have also been calculated, being most of the differences for the six days lower than 0.2%. These small differences could be associated with experimental errors in the measurements as well as uncertainties in the input values given to the models, particularly those related with the aerosol properties. Also, relative differences between models have been calculated, obtaining values lower than 0.1%. SBDART model slightly overestimates the libRadtran simulations. The notably good agreement between simulated and measured irradiances indicates that both models can be used to estimate irradiance, provided that the models are fed with highly reliable-quality data.


Seepage failure is one of the main failure modes in earth dams.Based on indeterministic analysis of the seepage risk,this paper put forward the seepage failure risk mode with the fuzziness of parameters in the design and the expectation of the dam's effective working life limit.Furthermore,the Monte Carlo Method based on MATLAB was used to work out risk probability.Taking into account the fuzziness risk analysis on seepage failure made the result of calculation on the risk closer to the reality.When all the fuzzy parameters are made fuzzy,available traditional methods in calculating the risk can be used directly to work out the probability of the failure.


EXTENSION OF NONEQUILIBRIUM WORK THEOREMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO DIFFUSION AND PERMEATION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Bryan William Holland Advisors: University of Guelph, 2012 Professor Emeritus C.G. Gray Adjunct Professor B. Tomberli Nonequilibrium work methods for determining potentials of mean force (PMF) w(z) have recently gained popularity as an alternative to standard equilibrium based methods. Introduced by Kosztin et al., the forward-reverse (FR) method is a bidirectional work method in that it requires the work to be sampled in both forward and reverse directions along the reaction coordinate z. This bidirectional sampling leads to much faster convergence than other nonequilibrium methods such as the Jarzynski equality, and the calculation itself is extremely simple, making the FR method an attractive way of determining the PMF. Presented here is an extension to the FR method that deals with sampling problems along essentially irreversible reaction coordinates. By oscillating a particle as it is steered along a reaction coordinate, both forward and reverse work samples are obtained as the particle progresses. Dubbed the oscillating forward-reverse (OFR) method, this new method overcomes the issue of irreversibility that is present in numerous soft-matter and biological systems, particularly in the stretching or unfolding of proteins. The data analysis of the OFR method is non-trivial however, and to this end a software package named the 'OFR Analysis Tool' has been created. This software performs all of the complicated analysis necessary, as well as a complete error analysis that considers correlations in the data, thus streamlining the use of the OFR method for potential end users. Another attractive feature of the FR method is that the dissipative work is collected at the same time as the free energy changes, making it possible to also calculate local diffusion coefficients, D(z), from the same simulation as the PMF through the Stokes-Nernst-Einstein relation Fdrag = −γv, with γ = kBT/D. While working with the OFR method, however, the D(z) results never matched known values or those obtained through other methods, including the mean square displacement (or Einstein) method. After a reformulation of the procedure to obtain D(z), i.e. by including the correct path length and particle speeds, results were obtained that were much closer to the correct values. The results however showed very little variation over the length of the reaction coordinate, even when D(z) was known to vary drastically. It seemed that the highly variable and noncontinuous velocity function of the particle being steered through the "stiff-spring" method was incompatible with the macroscopic definition of the drag coefficient, γ. The drag coefficient requires at most a slowly varying velocity so that the assumption of a linearly related dissipative work remains valid at all times. To address this, a new dynamic constraint steering protocol (DCP) was developed to replace the previously used "stiff-spring" method, now referred to as a dynamic restraint protocol (DRP). We present here the results for diffusion in bulk water, and both the PMF and diffusion results from the permeation of a water molecule through a DPPC membrane. We also consider the issue of ergodicity and sampling, and propose that to obtain an accurate w(z) (and D(z)) from even a moderately complex system, the final result should be a weighted average obtained from numerous pulls. An additional utility of the FR and OFR methods is that the permeability across lipid bilayers can be calculated from w(z) and D(z) using the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion (ISD) model. As tests, the permeability was first calculated for H2O and O2 through DPPC. From the simulations, the permeability coefficients for H2O were found to be 0.129 ± 0.075 cm/s and 0.141 ± 0.043 cm/s, at 323 K and 350 K respectively, while the permeability coefficients for O2 were 114± 40 cm/s and 101± 27 cm/s, again at 323 K and 350 K respectively. As a final, more challenging system, the permeability of tyramine – a positively charged trace amine at physiological pH – was calculated. The final value of P = 0.89±0.24Å/ns is over two orders of magnitude lower than that obtained from experiment (22± 4 Å/ns), although it is clear that the permeability as calculated through the ISD is extremely sensitive to the PMF, as scaling the PMF by ∼ 20% allowed the simulation and experimental values to agree within uncertainty. With accurate predictions for free energies and permeabilities, the OFR method could potentially be used for many valuable endeavors such as rational drug design.


The CaSO 4 scale is one of common scals in waterflood development Influence of scale inhibitor concentration、experimental temperature and NaCl concentration on the efficiency of inhibition of scale were discussed on this paper


As regards qualitative methods, facilitating the teaching-learning process remains a vital challenge for educators today, thereby making human science research accessible for students at all univer ...


The Beam Gas Vertex (BGV) instrument is a non-invasive transverse beam profile monitor being designed as part of the High Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) at CERN. Its aim is to continuously measure bunch-by-bunch beam profiles, independent of beam intensity, throughout the entire LHC cycle. The primary components of the BGV monitor are a gas target and a forward tracking detector. Secondary particles emerging from inelastic beam-gas interactions are detected by the tracker. The beam profile is then inferred from the spatial distribution of reconstructed vertices of said interactions. Based on insights and conclusions acquired by a demonstrator device which was operated in the LHC during Run 2, a new design is being developed to fulfil the HL-LHC specifications. This contribution describes the status of the simulation studies being performed to evaluate the impact of design parameters on the instrument's performance and identify gas target and tracker requirements.


This paper examines the interaction between housing tenure and the propensity of displaced workers from the automotive sector to be employed one year to 18 months post-redundancy. It considers the 'Oswald thesis' that home ownership contributes to higher rates of unemployment in advanced economies and reviews this proposition using survey data from 314 households. The paper focuses on the experience of workers retrenched from the Lonsdale and Tonsley Park plants of Mitsubishi Motors Australia Ltd and, unlike some other research, finds general support for the Oswald thesis. It is suggested that a number of factors contribute to a lower rate of re-engagement with the formal labour market by home owners, including the absence of locally available employment, the high cost of transport to regions where employment is on offer and a strong sense of attachment to their region.


The US Navy is presently developing a number of new advanced electrical loads for deployment upon future vessels. Many of these loads will require high power supplied in a transient manner for successful operation. The transient nature brings about unique challenges to the shipboard power system that have not been previously faced. Traditional power generation sources alone, such as diesel and gas powered engine/generators, will likely not be sufficient to meet these demands and still maintain the power quality requirements required for deployment. To overcome these challenges, distributed generation sources, such as electrochemical energy storage systems for example, may be required to augment the traditional generation. Active control and monitoring will be critical in maximizing the power and energy capabilities of each distributed source. An energy storage system that utilizes multiple storage technologies is typically referred to as a Hybrid Energy Storage Module (HESM). It has been previously shown that both active and passive HESM topologies, utilizing power dense ultra-capacitors and energy dense lithium-ion batteries, can be very beneficial in meeting the power and energy requirements of transiently operated loads. It has also been shown that integration of a HESM with a gasoline generator can improve the generator's power quality, keeping it within the bounds of MIL-STD-1399B when high power transient loads are sourced. In order to evaluate the integration of a HESM with a more representative Navy power source, hardware in the loop (HIL) modeling is being integrated with an existing HESM to replace the gasoline generator with a diesel engine — generator. This paper will discuss the HESM constructed, the HIL engine — generator model, and the results obtained when the two are integrated to source high power transient loads.


This article discusses some variant of analysis of the story "Conscience" by A.P.Gaidar in the context of basic spiritual and moral values. This paper also provides materials for possible conversation about conscience, "pangs of conscience", and "positive call of conscience".


Abstract Supplementary estrogen given to four bulls produced large numbers of spermatozoa with looped or bent tails. Spermatozoa from the testis, head, and body of the epididymis failed to show these abnormalities, whereas those collected from the tail were abnormal. Changes found in the spermatozoa were accompanied by degeneration in the epididymal epithelium, and supplementary testosterone failed to counteract the changes produced by the estrogen. In four bulls producing large numbers of abnormal spermatozoa spontaneously, no other evidence of faulty endocrine function was present, indicating that the impaired function of the epididymis caused changes in the spermatozoa. The observations also indicate that estrogen acted directly on the epididymal epithelium.


The Congo basin in central equatorial Africa is home to some of the most intense convection in the global tropics. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) provide much of the annual rainfall over this region during the March–April–May (MAM) and September–October–November (SON) rainy seasons. Features of these systems are essential to rainfall variability in this region and greatly impact human health, agriculture, livestock, and drought monitoring. Knowledge of variability is hindered by the lack of in‐situ observations and meteorological stations. The present study identifies and tracks MCSs for the 33‐year period 1983–2015 for MAM and SON. MCS and environmental parameters are calculated for the rainy seasons using satellite and reanalysis data. Spatial distributions of MCS parameters and diurnal cycles for select MCS parameters are compared to prior research. Statistical significance testing is performed to determine if there are meaningful differences between the seasons. Seasonal differences are briefly discussed. 650 hPa relative vorticity patterns suggest localized terrain effects may play a role near a local maximum in MCS initiation frequency in the lee of the Great Rift Valley. Spatial distributions of 33‐year MCS counts, trajectories, speeds, sizes, maximum intensities, and durations, based on initiation locations, agree well with prior research. Differences between seasons are statistically significant and variable and latitude dependent. There is high interannual variability among all MCS and environmental parameters.


In this article, the authors examine the global store design strategy launched by Starbucks in 2009 in the wake of the economic crisis, increasing brand dilution, and growing competition. They offer a visual-material analysis of the corporation's efforts to create a global aesthetic grounded in locality, with an in-depth focus on meaning potentials of materiality and community found across the four store redesigns that were unveiled in Seattle, the coffee company's hometown, and which functioned as prototypes for store design across the United States, Europe and Asia. They then critically engage Starbucks' rhetoric/discourse of locality in relation to the more widespread notion of authenticity and argue that, while authenticity is rooted in textual and symbolic arrangements, locality operates in the realm of emplaced and embodied claims of difference. Shifting from authenticity to locality in design and branding practices alters critical engagements and everyday relationships with global consumer capitalism, insofar as this may be increasingly entrenched with vernacular expressions of cosmopolitanism.


Because of the redundancy factors of FPGAs, there is a performance gap between FPGAs and ASICs. In this paper, we propose a small-memory logic cell, COGRE, to minimize the FPGA area. Our approach is to investigate the appearance ratio of the logic functions in a circuit implementation. Moreover, we group the logic functions on the basis of the NPN-equivalence class. The results of our investigation show that only small portions of the NPN-equivalence class can cover large portions of the logic functions used to implement circuits. Further, we found that NPN-equivalence classes with a high appearance ratio can be implemented by using a small number of AND gates, OR gates, and NOT gates. On the basis of this observation, we develop 5-input and 6-inputCOGRE architectures composed of several NAND gates and programmable inverters. The experimental results show that the logic area in 6-COGRE is 46.3% smaller than that in 6-LUT. The logic area of 5-COGRE is 32.6% smaller than that of 5-LUT and 10.0% smaller than that of 4-LUT. Further, the total number of configuration memory bits in 6-COGRE is32.1% smaller than the number of configuration memory bits in 6-LUT.


A system for controlling the speed of a vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine 10 and a hydrostatic transmission . Wherein the hydrostatic transmission has a variable displacement pump 12 and at least on hydraulic engine. A first controller 22 compares a measured actual vehicle travel speed with a desired speed to produce a speed error. The corresponding motive force of the ic engine 10 is determined based on the speed error. In a further stage the actual speed and the motive force are provided to a characteristic stage 34 (eg. a look up table) to determine the optimal engine rpm. A second controller 20 determines a pump pressure error by comparison of a desired pump pressure and an actual measured pump pressure. The pump pressure is controlled by varying the displacement of the pump. Said desired pump pressure is determined from the motive force requirement of the ic engine and further parameters of the drive system.


A study of the structure and topography of the cerebral arterial bed of 156 virtually healthy individuals verified 17 variants of the arterial circle of the great brain, most of which are shown in actual photographs. An analysis of various approaches to modeling of cerebral vessels was carried out and it is shown that all of them are based on the representation of a blood vessel in the form of a linear cylinder. In reality, in the blood system of the brain, such sections are only rare short elements of vessels that vary in diameter and direction. Cylindrical coordinates have been most commonly used to construct mathematical models of cerebral vessels, but they are not applicable to bending vessels. The aim of this work: to build a mathematical apparatus allowing to adequately describe various types of vessels containing sections with complex geometry (bends, especially U-shaped ones, spirals, etc.). Four typical sections of the vascular system were identified, in correspondence with which mathematical surfaces were introduced, and the corresponding mathematical description was selected for each of them. The mathematical apparatus introduced into consideration allowed us to build a description of hydrodynamic processes occurring in vessels of complex shape. The results of geometrical modeling in the Mathlab system and the corresponding fragments of the script are presented. The developed mathematical software made it possible to construct a system of transfer equations for vessels of complex shape.


Currently, there is scarce information documenting benthic amphipod species in the Marine Protected Area Tuxpan—Lobos Coral Reef, a carbonate ecosystem in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Sampling to determine the biodiversity of benthic amphipods associated with several living or hard—soft bottom substrates occurred in July 2014, with 1,386 individuals collected at depths of 0.5–25 m. This study summarizes the first inventory of these benthic amphipods, and includes 64 species belonging to 30 genera, 19 families, and 3 suborders. The suborder Senticaudata was highly diverse with 36 species representing 56% of the total species. The most diverse amphipod families were Aoridae, Maeridae, Colomastigidae, Leucothoidae, Ampithoidae, and Photidae, which constitute 63% of the amphipod fauna collected. Nineteen species were characterized as dominant in the Tuxpan—Lobos coral reef system. Leucothoe ashleyae, Bemlos unicornis, Ampithoe ramondi, Elasmopus levis, E. pocillimanus, and E. rapax occurred in the highest abundance with the widest spatial distribution in this protected area. Macroalgae tufts, sponges, and coral rubble hosted the maximum amount of amphipod species. Based on the richness of amphipod species, the Tuxpan—Lobos Coral Reef system has the third highest amphipod species diversity in a coral reef ecosystem, after Alacranes and Sisal reefs, both located in the southern GoM.


A meeting of the Scottish Committee for Hospital Medical Services was held in Edinburgh on 11 May. Dr. ANDREW ALLISON was in the Chair. At the outset he welcomed Dr. J. E. Miller, Chairman of the Scottish General Medical Services Committee, who had been invited to speak on his committee's proposals for the administrative reorganization of the Scottish Health Service. Among the proposals was one for an area health board of 24 members, six to be appointed by the local authority and six by the Secretary of State. Of the twelve members to be appointed by the area professional council it was suggested that seven should be doctors. Such an area health board would be advised by an


The utility model discloses a novel mixed type stove distributor which comprises a distributor body, wherein the distributor body comprises an atmospheric burner and an infrared burner, the atmospheric burner is arranged in the center of the distributor body, the infrared burner is arranged on the periphery of the distributor body, or the atmospheric burner is arranged on the periphery of the distributor body, and the infrared burner is arranged in the center of the distributor body. According to the novel mixed type stove distributor disclosed by the utility model, the atmospheric burner is combined with the infrared burner, the advantages of two burning ways are effectively combined, so that the heating speed is increased, and the burning efficiency is improved, thereby reducing the gas pollution and saving energy.


The thermal decomposition of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been studied using a conventional dynamic thermogravimetric technique in a flowing nitrogen gas at several heating rates between , and at several heating temperatures between .The degradation was found to be a single process composed of monomer of PMMA as products. The mathematical techniques used for calculation of activation energy are Kissinger, Freeman-Carroll, Chatterjee-Conrad, Friedman, Horowitz-Metzger, Coats-Redfern, Ozawa and Isothermal method. The range of activation energy obtained using the several techniques is between 43 Kcal/mol and 56 Kcal/mol except Freeman-Carroll method, and this range agrees with the value of reference very well.


PURPOSE
To evaluate oral ondansetron in the prevention of total-body irradiation (TBI)-induced nausea and vomiting.

METHODS
Twenty patients who received 4 days of TBI as part of their preparative regimen before bone marrow transplantation were randomized to receive either 8-mg oral doses of ondansetron or placebo. Administration of drug was double-blinded. Initial rescue therapy consisted of intravenous (i.v.) ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg following two or more emetic episodes between successive fractions of TBI or five total emetic episodes during the 4 days of therapy. If, after receipt of i.v. ondansetron, patients had two or more emetic episodes between fractions of TBI or five total emetic episodes, additional antiemetics were administered.

RESULTS
Patients who received oral ondansetron had significantly fewer emetic episodes compared with those who received placebo (P = .005) over the entire 4-day study period. Oral ondansetron was also significantly superior to placebo with respect to the time of onset of emesis or rescue (P = .003). Six of 10 patients treated with oral ondansetron completed the study without additional antiemetic therapy, while none of 10 patients who received placebo completed the study without rescue antiemetic therapy. Six placebo patients who received initial rescue therapy with i.v. ondansetron required no additional antiemetics. No relationships were apparent between peak ondansetron concentration (Cmax) or area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) and number of emetic episodes.

CONCLUSION
Oral ondansetron is an effective therapy for the prevention of emesis induced by TBI.


The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how and why we have evolved our data processing systems; from an initial version that relied on traditional RDBMSs and batch processing towards a system that processes a constant stream of data.


Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is commonly employed for hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies and also has been used in clinical trials for severe autoimmune diseases to "reset" the immune system and produce a new, hopefully non-autoimmune repertoire. While it has long been feasible to eliminate the vast majority of mature T cells, it has been very difficult to accurately and quantitatively determine the relationship of the regenerated repertoire to the baseline repertoire. Here, in a phase II study of HSCT for poor prognosis multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, we have used high throughput deep TCRβ chain sequencing to directly assess millions of individual TCRs per patient sample. We find that HSCT has distinctive, and separate, effects on the CD4 and CD8 repertoires. In the case of CD4 T cells, the dominant TCR clones present pre-treatment were not detectable following reconstitution, and patients largely developed a new repertoire. In contrast, dominant CD8 clones were not effectively removed, and the reconstituted CD8 repertoire was created by clonal expansion of cells which were present pre-treatment. Importantly, patients who failed to respond to treatment had less diversity in their T cell repertoire early during the reconstitution process. This approach may enable monitoring of pathogenic or protective T cell clones following HSCT and or cellular therapies.


There are presented data about morpho-physiological changes, as well as physiologico biochemicals, which appear in the tissue of potato tubers infested with Ditylenchus destructor (phases 2, 3 ditylenchose). The obtained data confirms that, D. destructor in the nutrition process eliminates in parallel celulosolitic and pectolytic enzymes, which cause complete maceration of the pectocellulosic membranes of the infected potato cell, as well as the parenchymal cortical tissue in which predominantly cellulose and pectic substances , dominating being cellulose. The results of the biochemical analyzes revealed that, at this stage in the parasite tissue there is a diminishing of the dry mass quantity, and the increase of the quantity of water. It is important to mention that in the plasmalemma mechanically traumatized by the nematode stiletto, the main intracellular inclusions of the potato tuber - the starch granules - were kept without change. Subsequently, when plasmalemma is destroyed, the granules diffuse into the nematode suspension.


Abstract Purpose: To compare the thicknesses of the retinal layers in smokers with those of nonsmoking healthy subjects using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: One hundred and eight subjects were included in the study. Two groups were separated as smokers and nonsmokers. Both groups were chosen to be similar in terms of age and gender. SD-OCT images were generated with Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). An automated algorithm was developed to segment the macular retina into eight layers and quantitate the thickness of each layer for the fovea, parafovea and perifovea. Results: The mean smoking history was 18.33 ± 8.45 years (range: 10–40). The mean number of pack-years was 22.22 ± 15.51 (range: 10–80). No significant difference was observed regarding retinal layer measurements between the smoker and nonsmoker groups. Also, no significant difference was observed for central macular thicknesses at 1000, 3000, and 6000 μm between two groups. Conclusion: The thickness of retinal layers in healthy smokers was similar to those of healthy individuals.


This study aims to analyze the effect of Motivation and job satisfaction indirectly affect Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitment. This research was conducted to continue previous studies by taking samples of teachers at the Malik Ibrahim Islamic Foundation Gresik educational institution. The making of YIMI Gresik as the object of research with the consideration that placing the role of human resources as a significant factor. The research method uses quantitative with 98 respondents consisting of teachers at educational institutions. The results showed that the influence of motivation and job satisfaction had no indirect effect on teacher performance through organizational commitment.


This study aimed at evaluating the learning capability and readiness to managerial improvement for mid - management at Jordanian Public Universities. To achieve this aim, a two part questionnaire was built; one part to measure the learning capability, the other to measure the readiness to management improvement, the data were collected from a random stratified sample consisted of 240 managers at the mid - level which was taken from study society consisted of 590 managers. The study asked about the degree of learning capability and readiness to management improvement for the sample, and about the significant differences attributed to Job (Dean, Associated Dean, Dean Assistant, Head of Department) and university. The results have showed an average degree in all cases, no significant differences between means in learning capability attributed to Job, significant differences attributed to university, no significant differences between means in readiness improvement attributed to Job and University. At the end, the study recommended to have a good attention to developing and improving the aspects of knowledge management which can upgrade the learning capability and the readiness to management improvement.


A recent study by OPS Diagnostics examined and compared several methods of isolating DNA from plants (link). Parameters examined were DNA yield, purity (as measured by 260/280 and 260/230 ratios), and whether the DNA would amplify by standard PCR. The study concluded that the SynergyTM Plant DNA Extraction Kit is equal to or out performs a traditional CTAB method and DNeasy® kit for DNA isolation from several plants tested, including rye, rice, corn, sorghum, soybean, wheat, and rape seed. This addendum supplements the previous study by examining plant DNA isolated by the same methods and its subsequent analysis by qPCR. The objective is to assess the relative effect of each DNA isolation method on quantitation.


Cancer of the Nasopharynx Its Natural History and Treatment by M Lederman MB DMR FFR American Lecture Series No. 432 px+117 illustrated 54s Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 1961 Although tumours of the nasopharynx are the least common of pharyngeal neoplasms, the author describes his observations on no less than 248 cases. A detailed description of the normal anatomy of the nasopharynx makes it easier to appreciate the different modes of spread of a tumour in this site. Few therapists would disagree with the principles underlying treatment as outlined here or with the techniques employed. The author discusses the effect of radiation on the eye, ear, central nervous system and mouth and describes the methods he has used to reduce complicatiorns. The results of treatment in this site are universally bad and the results given here are no exception. The author set out to describe his personal experiences in the treatment of 'this fascinating yet sinister disease'. The result is a concise and readable book written primarily for the radiotherapist and the otolaryngologist but of immense interest to all concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of malignant disease of the head and neck.


This paper studies the effect of winter outdoor swimming on the old people's microcirculation and hemorheological changes by comparing the old people of engaging frequently in the swimming exercise with those of engaging infrequently in the exercise.The results show that the swimming can improve the microcirculation of old people and make their hemorheological change better.It is significant that the winter outdoor swimming improve the microcirculation and hemorheological of old people.


This essay is primarily an effort to look at cultural dimensions of masculinity as they are characterized by the subculture of bodybuilding. This selection, excerpted from my book on southern California bodybuilders, does several things. [1] It seeks to provide insight into Connell's notions of 'hegemonic masculinity' as well as examine masculinity in its relationship to the feminine. [2] I also look at the construction of a complex of traits that figure into the making of masculinity rather than listing key attributes. Finally, I look at the relationship between the micro subculture and larger cultural issues. The ability of bodybuilding to enter the cultural mainstream that had for decades derided it as sexually suspect, athletically pathetic and aesthetically perverse is an exercise in popular cultural elasticity. Did bodybuilding subculture mainstream itself, or did the cultural mainstream detour into bodybuilding's domain. I argue for the latter, and in doing so I sought to identify and deconstruct some core sub-cultural attributes that are found in bodybuilding. Two that are important to and semiconsciously present among its practitioners are narcissism and fascism. In their raw state, narcissism and fascism are deplored by mainstream society; but in modified form they can take on a very different look and meaning, gaining a measure of respectability in the bargain. This piece attempts to explore both narcissism and fascism as they are culturally etched into the male form. While narcissism has been thought of as a personality flaw and later as a psychoanalytical disorder, in the hands of Christopher Lasch it is reconfigured to represent a cultural issue. Fascism is, of course, a political movement, but as interpreted in the works George Mosse and Susan Sontag it bleeds into cultural fabric as well. In my work these two trends are woven together as elements that play key roles in bodybuilding subculture. While each trait has a pathological role that it plays, care is taken to show that, as used by bodybuilders the traits become neutralized: that is bodybuilders do not become fascists and narcissists by incorporating such elements into their world, rather they reinvent them as non-malignant parts of their identity. However, the fact that both narcissism and fascism can attach themselves to naive agencies, shows how such attributes can be reproduced over time, perhaps becoming more pernicious trends in time and under fertile conditions. The projection of bodybuilders as caricatures of masculinity seems not to trouble them – and with time seems to be mainstreamed – but the doubts continue. One reason may be that unlike other athletes, bodybuilders have violated the core notion of 'form following function' that guides all sports and in fact all labouring acts. This piece examines several Marxist concepts (for example, alienation) to reveal the relatively


As living environments in our community has changed, the absence of communication between neighbors constitutes social problems and raises the need of communication invigoration. This study focuses on identification of elements that are vital to invigorate communication and that are provided by play space in apartments which is one of the facilities which supply various communities. Analysis proceeded for new apartments which are occupied in last 3 years in Suncheon city, Jeonlanamdo. The elements of communication invigoration are deduced, analysis was practiced based on the picture images acquired by preliminary door-to-door investigation. According to what is defined in the research above, the elements of invigoration could be classified into contingency, offenheit, and affordance. The result shows that play space should be placed in the center of the apartment complex to provide accessibility, should supply visual openness, and should be selectively chosen in linear-type layout or open-type layout to lead affordance. These results may serve as a baseline of plans for play spaces in apartment complex hereafter.


In this non-mathematical note I describe how my one joint paper with Sasha arose and how he was the source of inspiration for two other papers. 1 Summer tea in 1996 One of my favorite moments in my mathematical career occurred when I met Sasha Reznikov for the very first time. It was in the summer of 1996 and at that time the arrival of new visitors at MPIM was not that frequent, so that often I would make a chat with a new visitor. In this case the visitor was Sasha. I asked him what area of mathematics he was working in. He did not like my attempt to pin him down to a particular field of mathematics and told me that he considered himself not to belong to any mathematical field in special, rather he considered himself to be an amateur over a broad range of topics. The subsequent discussion, however, made clear that mathematically I seemed to be very far removed from his mathematical interests. The usual reaction from somebody mathematically quite removed from me on hearing about my number theoretical interests would be disinterest. So I got accustomed to anticipating on this, by just mumbling one sentence and then changing topic. So I mumbled to Sasha that I was working on something called the Artin primitive root conjecture and was about to change topic in the next sentence. However, his reaction could not have been more different than what my prejudices suggested: he was immediately extremely enthousiastic: 'that is PRECISELY what I need !!' Sasha was close to making a lot of progress on a conjecture of Lubotzky and Shalev. They had made the following conjecture: Conjecture 1 Let M be a hyperbolic three-manifold. Let f(d) denote the number of subgroups of index d in π1(M). Then, for all d sufficiently large, f(d) > exp(C1d), where C1 > 0 is a constant that depends at most on M . Modulo a number theoretic ingredient, Sasha [8] could prove: suppose the three-manifold M is a rational homology sphere, then there exist α, C2 > 0 such that for infinitely many d we have f(d) > exp(Cd). In order to complete his proof he needed a variation of the following celebrated result of Heath-Brown regarding Artin's primitive root conjecture [3]. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 14N10, 11A07, 41A60


The combined influence of gender and race has been a principal defining feature of poverty in the USA, especially for single mothers. While the recent applications of capability-based multidimensional poverty (MP) measurement to the USA have examined race and gender, they have done so without taking into account the effects of the intersection of the two. This paper addresses directly that gap in the US literature on multidimensional poverty employing the US census data for 2006-2010 for Pennsylvanian households, a state with key income poverty indicators close to the mid-poverty values for all the 50 US states. We employ the dual cut-off procedure for our main results to present MP measures by levels of population subgroups. We carry through this approach for four levels of MP measures and finally identify Hispanic and African-American single mothers as the most deprived, though single motherhood remains a key influence on poverty regardless of race. We check robustness of ranking single mother households by race with different dual cut-off values, and by two alternative measures based on fussy set theory that allow for vagueness in the boundary of poverty. The poverty ranking by single motherhood show Hispanic as the most deprived, and White as the least deprived, with African-America coming in-between. Finally, our probit analysis for chances of being poor based exclusively on the intersection of race and gender/marital status of households indicates that being a non-White single mother household has the largest impact on poverty status defined either multidimensionally or by income. Our findings suggest effective poverty reduction public policy be target especially, though not exclusively, non-White single mothers.


A novel hybrid adsorbent composite matrix, polymethacrylic acid-grafted chitosan/bentonite (PMAA-g-CTS/B) was prepared through graft copolymerization reaction of methacrylic acid and chitosan in the presence of bentonite and N,N'methylenebisacrylamide as cross linker. The composite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, XPS, surface area analyzer and Zeta p otential measurements. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effi ciency of PMAA-g-CTS/B for the removal of U(VI) and Th(IV) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption behavior of the composite towards U(VI) and Th(IV) from simulated nuclear industry wastewater and seawater was studied using batch process. The adsorption behavior of PMAA-g-CTS/B towards U(VI) and Th(IV) from water and sea water was studied under varying operating conditions of pH, concentration of U(VI) and Th(IV), contact time, and temperature. The effective range of pH for the removal of U(VI) and Th(IV) was 5.0−6.0. Kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data were correlated with the Langmuir isotherm model. The equilibrium sorption capacity was estimated to be 117.2 for U(VI) and 110.5 mg/g for Th(IV) at 30°C. Adsorption-desorption experiments over four cycles illustrate the feasibility of the repeated uses of this composite for the extraction of U(VI) and Th(IV) from aqueous solutions. The fi nding of the investigation showed that the composite exhibits high adsorption capacity for U(VI) as well as Th(IV) ions.


BY the spring of 1847 the Maine Liberty Party was embroiled in a party-wide debate over whether to broaden its platform or to keep it dedicated solely to antislavery.? At first the Maine leaders, particularly Samuel Fessenden, a Portland lawyer, and Austin Willey, a Congregational ministereditor, rejected the proposals of William Goodell, the former editor of The Emancipator, and his friends to expand the platform of the Party, believing that it was wiser to remain true to the original intentions of the founders. Fessenden, fearing the dangers inherent in adopting additional political principles, exhorted Joshua Leavitt, editor of The Emancipator, to remain resolute in opposition to the new principles. "On questions subordinate to the great question, shall slavery continue to exist in and rule this nation," Fessenden advised, "I do not expect, nor ask, Liberty Party men to agree.'"2 Willey supported the view of the Portland lawyer. Writing to Gerrit Smith, one of the stalwarts of the Liberty Party, he warned of the utter folly of following the advice of Goodell. "That an attempt to incorporate his principles into the Liberty Party will destroy it," Willey continued, "is about as certain to my mind as any numerical proposition."3 The fate of the Liberty Party in Maine, as well as in the nation, both Fessenden and Willey agreed, depended upon the exclusion of additional political principles. "Shall the Liberty Party," Willey asked, "be dissolved or maintained as it is."'


Objective To observe the novel endothelial like cells of the marginal ear vein intima of rabbit by scanning electron microscope.Methods The marginal ear veins were obtained from male Japanese big ear white rabbits,and prepared for scanning electron microscope(SEM).The novel endothelial like cells of the marginal ear vein intima were observed.Results Between endothelial cells and basement membrane of the marginal ear vein intima of rabbit,some oval-shaped endothelial like cells were found.This kind of cells was measured,the length was(8.32±1.04)μm,width was(5.79±0.68)μm,and length/width is 1.45±0.22.The cells were connected each other by some filament structure,and the average length between two adjacent cells was(6.41±2.45)μm.Conclusion There are novel endothelial like cells in the marginal ear vein intima of rabbit.The filament structure,connected between endothelial like cells,might be a new type of cell junction.


Due to the increased complexity of the devices produced, test generation has become one of the more important cost factors in VLSI production. Testability measures are one attempt to reduce the test cost. There are a number of techniques adopted for the evaluation of such testability measures. Most of these are based on controllability and observability concepts. The basic idea is to associate a quantitive measure with each node in the circuit under analysis. The approach proposed in this paper operates as follows: 1) Consider the relationship among objects and evaluate testability costs accordingly; 2) Use both static and dynamic measures. Only one pass through the circuit is required. This method is more deterministic than other techniques and allows hierarchical implementation (including high level primitives).<<ETX>>


Although the actual constitutional preferences of the Scottish public have been analysed at great length, the assessments of how different constitutional scenarios will perform in future have received little attention. This paper aims to address this by examining how well the public think an independent and a devolution max (DevoMax) Scotland will perform, looking specifically at the role of national identity and party affiliation. Factor analysis is used to construct a latent 'performance assessment' variable, and this latent variable is used extensively in the analysis. The paper finds that, on the whole, there is little difference between performance assessments of independence and DevoMax. However when considering national identity it can be seen that although Scottish identifiers by and large assess independence and DevoMax equally, strong British identifiers do not; they are considerably less negative about DevoMax. Furthermore, although the patterns of performance assessment are unsurprising in ter...


Policy makers and the public are increasingly concerned with the determination of landfill-siting input criteria (DLSIC) in landfill modelling procedures as an area of research. Thus, its procedures are complicated and decision makers are increasingly pressured. These procedures can be considerably develop in order to reduce the negative effect of landfill locations on the environment, economy, and society. In this review article, literature related to the developments of 64 models and their procedures in the past 18 years (from 1997 to 2014) were comprehensively survey. DLSIC are determined through a conventional method. The frequency of criterion usage reflects the limitation of Conventional method for DLSIC. Moreover, some of these studies utilize unrelated criteria that are time-consuming, costly, arduous, and fruitless. Potential improvement in Geographic information systems GIS modelling parameter for landfill sites via utilizing multivariate analysis (MVA) instead of Conventional method (CM) through for DLSIC (e.g., Input variables, Accuracy, objectivity, reliability of criteria, time consumption, cost and comprehensiveness) were emphasize. It can be conclude that expenses can be reduce by implementing MVA in DLSIC for landfill modelling using geographic information systems (GIS) based on the corresponding significant level. Moreover, the determined criteria can be accurate, satisfying, sufficient, and free of bias from experts and human error.


In order to realize the construction of environmentally friendly potassium sodium niobate ceramic coating on metal surface, potassium sodium niobate ceramic coating was prepared by supersonic plasma spraying technology. The morphology, element extension and phase structure of such coating were investigated. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties were also analyzed. The results show that the coating has good quality and tetragonal phase structure. When test frequency ≥ 2 MHz, the dielectric constant is stable at about 300, and also dielectric loss is stable at about 0.05. The coating exhibits good hysteresis loops under different applied electric fields. When the applied electric field is 16 KV/cm, residual polarization value of as-prepared coating reaches 17.02 μC·cm−2.


The aim of this paper is twofold. First we give a characterization of the set of kneading invariants for the class of Lorenz--like maps considered as a map of the circle of degree one with one discontinuity. In a second step we will consider the subclass of the Lorenz-- like maps generated by the class of Lorenz maps in the interval. For this class of maps we give a characterization of the set of renormalizable maps with rotation interval degenerate to a rational number, that is, of phase--locking renormalizable maps. This characterization is given by showing the equivalence between the geometric renormalization procedure and the combinatorial one (which is expressed in terms of an $*$--like product defined in the set of kneading invariants). Finally, we will prove the existence, at a combinatorial level, of periodic points of all periods for the renormalization map.


i68 This study of the medical and service records of a group of marginal neuropsychiatric cases, all of whom successfully completed 3 years of military service, has 2 objectives. In the first place we were interested in evaluating the criterion, "Successful Completion of Military Service." In assessing the military serviceability of neuropsychiatric cases, it is commonly assumed that, if the individual completes his period of service and receives an honorable discharge at its conclusion, he has demonstrated his value to the military service. In one sense he has, but previous studies(2, 3, 5) have demonstrated that the quality of his service is not up to that of the nonneuropsychiatric or "normal" serviceman. By following the medical and service records of a group of known neuropsychiatric cases, we hoped to find further information confirming the quality of their military performance. If they constitute a greater medical and disciplinary responsibility to the services this fact should be taken account of in any actuarial study of the efficient use of manpower in a military emergency. The second question that we were interested in was the significance, in of the prediction of actual behavior, of some of the common diagnostic categories. We had previously studied the reliability of such categories (4). We now wished to know whether they would show behavioral differences in a military situation. In essence, this part of our investigation was both a study in descriptive psychiatry and indirectly a validity study of the diagnostic categories involved.


In this thesis, experiments designed to elucidate properties of polymer molecules in confinement are described. Here, confinement means that some dimension of the space in which the polymers are placed in is comparable to the size of the molecules themselves. This smallest dimension is typically a few to ten times the molecular size, which for the polymer molecules described here is normally in the range of tens to hundreds of nanometres. In most cases, the experiments were designed around the concept that nature tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid. The most important results are those concerned with the levelling of a stepped film's height profile. Films are prepared such that their height profiles are well described by a Heaviside step function and to a good approximation, they are invariant in one dimension. The temporal dependence of the levelling gives rheological information about the molecules making up the stepped films. For the range of heights that is much larger that the typical size of molecules making up the film, we use classical hydrodynamics to model the flows in these stepped films. Having measured the temporal and geometric dependence of the energy dissipation in time, we find that the hydrodynamic models are in excellent agreement. Apart from the liquid state evolution of stepped films this thesis also contains material concerned with non-equilibrium properties of thin polymer films. A common method of preparing films is spin coating. This violent process can leave polymer chains in non-equilibrium configurations. We have made measurements addressing the questions: what are the conformations of as-cast, spin coated polymer chains? Furthermore, if we anneal as-cast films, how long does it take for the polymer chains to relax to an equilibrium? We found that polymer chains are strongly stretched by the spin coating process, and that it takes about one bulk polymer relaxation time to lose memory of the preparation procedures for our films prepared on mica. In related experiments, we confined molecules to films thinner than a typical length scale for the polymers, then made bilayers out of such films. This creates what we refer to as an entropic interface, across which polymer chains suffer a reduction in entropy due to their inability to explore some conformations. We find that this entropic interface heals on a time scale that is much faster than one bulk polymer relaxation time.


Crude polysaccharides were extracted from Urechis unicinctus viscera using hot water extraction.One-factorat -a-time method and an L,(3~4) orthogonal array design were employed to investigate the effects of pH,solid-to-solvent ratio,extraction time and temperature on extraction efficiency.In addition,the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides from Urechis unicinctus viscera in a Fenton system was tested.The optimal extraction conditions were found to be 10,1:40(g/mL),3 h and 60℃for pH,solid-to-solvent ratio,extraction time and temperature,respectively.The extract obtained under these conditions had dose-dependent scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical with a scavenging rate of 60%at a concentration of 50 ug/mL.


The modern presentation about pathophisiology of psychoemotiona! stress and its influence into the women in pregnancy period E.G. Vetchanina, G.B. Malgina Summary: The Question of Physical and Psychic Health of the Man from the Moment his Consepcion is putting. The Problems of Social, Psychologic and Physiologic Stress are discussed. The Social-Psychologic Conditions of Healthy Process of Pregnancy and Foetus Development are considered.


We have measured with solid state detectors differential cross sections of fission of U, Bi, and Au induced by 156Mev protons. We have found in the center of mass a small positive anisotropy for all the targets, that is + (6 plus or minus 1%) for U, + (13 plus or minus 2%) for Bi, and + (11 plus or minus 3%) for Au. Total fission cross sections were found to be: 1370 plus or minus 250 mb for uranium; 126 plus or minus 20 mb for bismuth; and 24 plus or minus 4 mb for gold. (auth)


Background Understanding the compliance of infected individuals and the psychological process underlying compliance during pandemics is important for preventing and controlling the spread of pathogens. Our study investigated whether fundamental social motives mediate the relationship between having infectious disease and compliance. Methods An online survey was conducted in March 2020, during the severe phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China to collect data from 15,758 participants. The survey comprised self-report questionnaires with items pertaining to current symptoms (COVID-19 symptoms, other symptoms or no symptoms), the Fundamental Social Motive Inventory, and measures of compliance. Correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and structural equation model were used for data analysis. Results The participants with COVID-19 symptoms had lower levels of compliance than those without symptoms, and their lower compliance was caused by a decrease in disease avoidance (indirect effect = −0.058, 95% CI = [−0.061, −0.056]) and familial motives (indirect effect = −0.113, 95% CI = [−0.116, −0.062]). Whereas exclusion concern (indirect effect = 0.014, 95% CI = [0.011, 0.017]) suppressed the effects of COVID-19 symptoms on compliance, the effect disappeared in the multiple mediation model, while those of disease avoidance and familial motives remained. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the critical role of disease avoidance and familial motives in promoting compliance with public health norms during pandemics and suggest that enhancing these motives may serve as an effective intervention strategy to mitigate noncompliance among potentially infected individuals.


In the article we attempt to answer questions concerning the location of the fundamental barriers to the assertion of women in science in Slovenia and what are the reasons for the vertical gender segregation that is revealed by statistical data and opinion studies. These questions will be answered through theoretical reflections and research data on differences in the working conditions and career paths in science between genders in Slovenia, with the research having been carried out on a sample of 1,100 doctors of science. The research results clearly support the hypothesis that gender remains a central element of institutional life in science in Slovenia, not in the classrooms but where the power, influence, prestige, reputation and money are concentrated and where decisions are being made. Most functions in the academic sphere occupied by female scientists chiefly relate to pedagogical work, which is less relevant in terms of career advancement and reputation. Due to the fresh attention being paid to the position of women in science over the past decade, we more rarely encounter overt behaviourally displayed dominance. Institutional dominance has been transferred to the hidden aspects of power. In fact, the position of women in science corresponds fully to today's management of science in the context of the prevailing neoliberal social paradigm.


The invention discloses an active-passive type two-degrees-of freedom ankle joint prosthesis, comprising a carbon fiber energy storage sole, a motor, a speed reducer, a motor fixing supporting seat, a belt pulley transmission device, a carbon fiber pipe, a ball screw, an energy storage springs, joint bearings, energy storage rubber rings and joint supporting seats, wherein the carbon fiber energy storage sole is connected with the carbon fiber pipe through the joint supporting seats; the motor fixing supporting seat is connected with the carbon fiber pipe through an active pin; the motor is fixedly arranged on one end of the motor fixing supporting seat; the ball screw is fixedly arranged on the other end of the motor fixing supporting seat; two ends of the motor fixing supporting seat are connected by the belt pulley transmission device; the energy storage springs areis connected with a ball screw nut; and the energy storage rubber rings are connected with the joint bearings and the joint supporting seats through a shaft. The ankle joint prosthesis provided by the invention not only can completely provide required energy for human gait, but also can adapt to various landforms; in addition, the ankle joint prosthesis can completely imitate movement angles of a human ankle joint on a sagittal plane or a coronal plane; and therefore, the normal walking requirement of an amputation patient can be satisfied better.


The Three different fungicides, Captan, Catafol and Dithane M-45 were used to test their efficacy in controlling the seed mycoflora of Soybean. Among them Captan and Captafol were highly effective on seed mycoflora. Dithane M-45 failed to control seed mycoflora at the lower dosage and showed phytotoxic effect on seedling at higher dosage. In contrast, Captan and Captafol did not show any adverse effect on seed germination.


s from the literature, July 1943 to December 1953, inclusive. Public Health Service Publication No. 364. Public Health Bibliography Series No. B2. 1954. By Donald J. Birminghamn and Paul C. Campbell. 183 pages. 65 cents. A continuation of Public Health Bulletins Nos. 266 (1941) and 284 (1944), this publication carries forward abstracts of the literature on occupational and related skin diseases from July 1943 througlh December 1933. It is intended as a reference for dermatologists, induistrial physicians, and others interested in contact dermatoses. Since practically every branch of industry, including agriculture, has exposures that may produce skin diseases, the volume of the pertinent literature necessitated limiting the articles chosen to representative papers in many subject areas. Wherever feasible the articles have been arranged according to the offending agent. Staffing the General Hospital, 25-100 Beds Public Health Service Publication No. 417. 1955. By Margaret K. Shafer. 32 pages; illustrated. 25 cents. These staffing guides, developed from 1-day data collected in 22 selected hospitals of less than 100 beds, help hospital and health authorities plan health facilities under the Hospital and Medical Facilities Survey and Construction Program. Charts show number of persons by department for various sized hospitals; hours of nursing care per patient per day; and percent of nursing personnel assigned by shift of service and by size of hospital. Tables further clarify staffing prob-


The sound transmission characteristic of ducts with varying cross-section is studied in this paper.The approximate expression of the sound propagation equation is presented by employing WKB method.The cosine-shaped horn is taken as the numerical simulation example,and the results are con- sistent with the values calculated by using the fourth Runge-Kutta formula when the frequency exceeds 400Hz.


Chronic health effects on workers are usually caused by repeated exposure to industrial chemicals for a long time at rather low concentrations in the workplace. There is no clear definition about chronic occupational poisoning. Definition of chronic occupational toxicity is introduced from the viewpoint of the ACGIH (American Conference Of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) and the JSOH (Japan Society For Occupational Health). Industrial chemicals have some specific or major toxicity with other minor toxicity. Important, specific, or major toxicity such as neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, carcinogenicity, and immunotoxicity of chemicals are described, and industrial chemicals classified by specific toxicity are listed in the tables. Cases of chronic occupational poisoning such as n-hexane polyneuropathy, reproductive disorders due to 2-bromopropane, and leukemia associated to benzene are described as examples to understand health effects from exposure to chronic levels of industrial chemicals. The hygienic standards for industrial chemicals and viewpoints of the ACGIH and JSOH are described. Finally, important issues in extrapolation from data of animal experiments to humans are described.


ABSTRACT: Mammary neoplasia represents the most frequently diagnosed type of neoplasia in bitches. Although surgical removal is the procedure of choice for therapeutic management, chemotherapy protocols appear as important allies and adjuvants. Despite the great advances that have occurred in the field of cancer therapy, the systemic repercussions of these drugs still impose important limitations on their use. In this sense, the development of increasingly targeted therapeutic protocols and preventive monitoring of patients represent important strategies to avoid possible complications - among them, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Routinely, ultrasound evaluation is used to identify morphological or metastatic variations in abdominal cavity organs. Acting complementary to the B-mode evaluation, Doppler mapping proves to be efficient in recognizing alterations in vascular hemodynamics. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of B-mode and Doppler ultrasound to identify renal morphological and hemodynamic alterations in bitches with mammary neoplasia submitted to adjuvant chemotherapy protocols that associate gemcitabine with carboplatin. Thirteen bitches were included, without distinction of breed and between seven and 13 years of age. The animals were evaluated ultrasonographically at two different times during three consecutive chemotherapy cycles: before (T0) and one and a half hours after each cycle (T1), for 42 days. No morphological changes were observed in B-mode throughout the chemotherapy protocol. However, the Doppler velocimetry indices demonstrated statistical differences before (T0) and after (T1) the administration of the drugs. It was concluded that Doppler ultrasound could be used as a complementary method for monitoring the renal response of patients exposed to nephrotoxic drugs and potentially causing renal injury.


Suppressing the cross-talk for the right eye image and the left eye image, and displays a high-quality three-dimensional image. To this end, as a driving method of a plasma display device having a driving circuit for driving the scan electrodes and the sustain electrodes and a plurality arranged in a PDP the discharge cells having a data electrode, the plasma display panel, the right eye has a plurality of sub-fields along with the right-eye field for displaying for the image signal, displaying a plurality of sub has a field for the right eye by repeating a left-eye are alternately left-eye field that displays the image signal for the image and the left eye image for a shift in the plasma display panel as well as , each subfield, has a holding period during which the write-in period and a holding operation for performing a write operation, in the discharge cells to display a gray level above a predetermined threshold value, and prohibits a write operation in a subfield arranged at the end of the field .


The invention relates to a highly available operating unit. In order to reduce the disadvantages of the known solutions, an operating device is provided with at least two displays for displaying information, wherein each display is associated with at least an input unit, an image forming unit and an infrastructure entity, with at least one communication interface and with at least one power supply, in case of failure a display and / or a unit associated therewith the information on the at least one remaining display can be displayed.


The neural network model was developed for assessment and forecasting of level of infectious incidence. Basic data for forecasting are: map of the area; data on the calls to doctors in the area; the number of the diseased during the set time. The output data are the results of monitoring of the current situation of incidence on the area and the forecast of incidence for the set time period. The neural network model has the special structure of the multi layers. For modeling of incidence in the megalopolis where are certain areas, the neural network breaks into fragments which then were connected by the switchers. Each fragment models incidence in the certain area.


itants to an idiosyncratic though interconnected family. Hence carefree companionship subsequently characterized "Excursion into the Mountains." In this interlude, four friends, gathered in the street before the house as if happening to cross paths, spontaneously struck up a hearty round of song. Their jovial burst corresponded to Kafka's short text, its conclusion referencing singing: "Our throats swell and are free in the mountains! It's a wonder we don't burst into song." By using Kafka's words as lyrics, the content of which manifestly contradicted their musical enunciation, Goebbels introduced a disconcerting uncertainty into this otherwise untroubled image.


This paper will describe the commissioning of a compact LINAC of 14MeV which is used for FEL to produce THz radiation through 30μm to 300μm. Main design parameters are given in this paper. The compact LINAC of 14MeV was composed of novel EC-ITC-RF gun, constant gradient travelling wave accelerator with a collinear absorbing load, focusing system, RF power system, beam diagnostic system, vacuum system, control system and so on. The LINAC was installed on November of 2014. Now the LINAC has been operating and commissioning for THz radiation test. So far, the facility is running well and the main beam parameters tested are coincident with design parameters of the LINAC. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FACILITY The facility is designed for producing a THz radiation with wavelength of 30um~300um. In order to satisfy the strict requirements of high performance of electron beam for THz-FEL and obtain a more compact layout for the facility, HUST (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) and NSRL (National Synchrotron radiation Laboratory)/USTC (University of Science and Technology of China) are cooperating to do R &D work. The facility is main composed of a novel EC-ITC RF gun, transverse focusing system, constant gradient travelling wave LINAC with an input coupler offset and a collinear absorbing load to improve the electric field to be symmetry. Besides, other inevitable sub-systems are established either, such as beam diagnostics system, microwave power system, vacuum system, control system and so on. The layout of the facility is shown as Figure 1 [1,2,3] . Table 1: Measuring Parameters of the LINAC parameter unit value energy MeV 13.58 Current A 0.665 (macro pulse) 29~47 (micro pulse) Width of beam us ps 1~2 (macro pulse) 5~8 (micro pulse) Repeat frequency pps 2-10 Charge per pulse pC ~230 Energy spread % 0.332 Nor. emittance mm mrad 24.1 Input power MW 24 The building for the machine was finished in July 2014 and all parts of the LINAC were tested. In August of 2014, we started to install the machine and got the first beam from the LINAC, which energy was of 13.4MeV, macro pulse current was of 1.1A. After that, we started to commission the LINAC, improve diagnostic system and test its parameters in detail. The parameters of the LINAC we've measured are listed in Table 1. Figure 1: Layout of the facility. BEAM PARAMETER MEASUREMENT Energy and Energy Spread Measurement We employ an analysis magnet, Flag1 and a fluorescent target (F. Target) located at the end of the vacuum chamber (see Figure 1) to measure the energy and the energy spread. The transmission matrix of the energy analysis system can be expressed by Eq. (1),


It was in 1878 that M Torigoe made a sectional translation of "Medical Jurisprudence, 5 th American edition, 1861,"a textbook by Alfred S. Taylor, a British scholar, This is prior to a Japanese translation by T. Ando (1879) of E. Buchner's German textbook, Then two other abridged translations of Taylor's textbook were issued in 1879. In 1880 S. Sato tried to make a complete translation of the above Taylor's book, 7th American edition, which did not come out in complete volume, though published in parts from 1880 to 1883. Modern legal medicine in Japan was said to have been introduced mostly from Germany. The translation of Taylor's textbook was in those period of Meiji when British and American medical sciences were prevailing in Japan, Later German medicine was chiefly adopted while Anglo-American learning became secondary in the field of Japanese medicine. This paper is a description of a short biography of Taylor as an author along with Japanese translators.


As early as 1983, research began to appear indicating the potential for biofuel production to emerge as a disruptive force in US and world food sectors (Barnard, 1983). Of particular concern in early and present research is that increased use of agricultural outputs for energy, as opposed to foodstuffs, could ultimately lead to a net welfare loss where the benefits of biofuels are outweighed by the negative consequences linked to reduced food availability. This dilemma emerges due to the direct competition between biofuel and food production for the same renewable and nonrenewable resources critical for their sustainability (Rajagopal and Zilberman, 2007 and von Urff, 2007). In 2007-2008, global food prices experienced a significant upward spike resulting in political and economic instability, conflict, and hardships in both the developed and developing world. Figure 1 illustrates the United Nations FAO monthly food price index and the cereals price index since 2000. As indicated in the figure, in 2006 food prices started to rise with the most rapid increases occurring in 2007 through the middle of 2008 when an equally rapid price decline occurred. Relative to the general food price index, the increase in cereal prices was more pronounced.


Background: Newborns with congenital heart disease have a high risk of seizures, associated to developmental delay, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy. In this study we analyzed the etiology of seizures, electroencephalographic findings and outcome of newborns with congenital heart disease and seizures. Methods: We retrospectively identified 29 newborns with congenital heart disease, who presented with at least one seizure during their admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Italiano. Results: All newborns had structural/metabolic seizures. Median gestational age was 38 weeks (30-40 weeks, four pre-term) and median birth weight was 3100 g. (range: 1200-4375). Neurological exam was normal in seven neonates (24%), fourteen had only one seizure and four developed status epilepticus.  The EEGs were abnormal in 21 newborns (72%). Ten showed focal paroxysms, ten showed minimal alterations with low amplitude and one had a  burst-suppression pattern. Nine newborns (31%) died, due to hemodynamic decompensation.  They all had an abnormal EEG (p=0.027), an abnormal neurological exam (p: 0.05) and four presented status epilepticus. (p=0.0053). At six months, two more newborns died and two had refractory epilepsy. Of the 18 patients, six had a normal neurological exam. These 6 patients, had had a normal neonatal neurological exam before hospital discharge and four had had only one seizure. Of the six newborns, five had a normal EEG (p = 0.03). Conclusions: In this population we observed a high mortality and an adverse neurological outcome. Abnormal EEG, abnormal neurological exam and status epilepticus were significantly related to mortality.


Complexes of boron and alkyl ether terminated silane polyethers are described. Compositions incorporating such complexes are also described. In addition to the boron-silane polyether complex, such compositions include water and one or more enzymes. Compositions further containing actives and/or polyols are also described. Uses for such compositions include disinfection.


For the issue of engagement geometry, the modern guidance laws can attack the adversarial and high maneuvering targets. Robust geometric in modern guidance laws is based on the classical differential geometry curve theory and Lyapunov stability theory. For the maneuvering target, based on different geometry and Lyapunov stability theory, the ballistic of robust geometry method guidance law in pursuit of different of maneuvering targets are analyzed. Through simulation of proportional navigation law and robust geometric method in the pursuit of the same target with different emission angles, ballistic properties of the two guidance laws are analyzed. Comparing the simulation results of the two kings of guidance laws, advantages of the robust geometric guidance law are demonstrated as follows: no additional measurement information, easy to perform and different geometry, and the effectiveness of the guidance law for the line of sight rotation inhibition. Simulation results prove that trajectory of robust geometry is straighter, and distribution of required normal overload is reasonable. Robust geometry is a more precision and critical navigation law.


Multi-view learning is widely used in image classification tasks to better explore the discriminative information of different views. However, existing multi-view methods commonly rely on some pre-defined assumptions or fail to fully take advantage of the combination commonality between individual images. This paper presents an efficient dynamic multi-view combination approach to dynamically combine the discriminative power of different views. Specially, we firstly utilize a group of pre-trained CNNs to extract different views of an image. Secondly, we apply a dynamic gating module to the image, which will generate a weight vector of these views to model the image-level information for the multi-view learning. Finally, the weight vector and the views are combined for the classification. Experimental results and analysis on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet show the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic multi-view combination method (DMVC) for visual classification.


The Synod appealed to phrases and ideas in Romans 11—explicitly citing v. 18b in Paul's olive tree allegory—to repudiate the traditional Christian dismissal of the Jewish people as the people of God replaced by "the Church," and to affirm instead their eternal relationship. However, today's translations and interpretations of this allegorical text and those throughout chapters 9–11 still undermine the Synod's declarations: e.g., Jews are presented as "branches broken 'off'" for "unbelief," replaced by new branches representing the Christian Gentiles, although Jews could be "grafted in again"—when no longer "hardened," "enemies," and "disobedient"—by becoming Christians too. This essay examines some problems that arise from the fact that the traditional ("old") pre-Shoah translation and interpretive choices remain the familiar ones even though they undermine the Synod's aims, then presents exegetically based additional, newer insights that would help promote them. Essay: The 1980 Synod's commission statement opened with a citation from Paul's famous allegory of the olive tree: Thou bearest not the root, but the root thee (Rom. 11:18b).


Aloe barbadensis was used as a feed supplement to enhance the growth performance and act as an immunostimulant in fish. In this view, the present study was conducted to investigate the variation in growth rate and hematology of Nile tilapia under 1% and 2% Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) supplementation in the feed. In glass aquaria, ten fish was stocked for 2 months. Fish was feed two times daily according to their body weight with feed containing 35% crude protein. The Aloe vera was most effective at 1% concentration and gave maximum growth. The initial average weight in T0, T1, and T2 was 27.2, 19.7, and 20.5 g respectively. The final average weight was 37.4, 41.7, and 40 g correspondingly in three treatments. The highest weight gain was observed in T1 was 41.7g. Moreover, the average specific growth rate was at a peak for T1 as compared to T0 and T2. Blood parameter analysis also favored T1 to be most useful as a feed supplement. Overall, the 1% Aloe vera group showed enhanced growth and immunological parameters, while Aloe vera 2% was proven dangerous for Tilapia.


The green reductants of reducing Ce(Ⅳ) and the process parameters are studied in this paper.In this method,organic reductants are transformed into water and carbon dioxide in the sulfuric acidic solution.The alcohol,ketone,ammonia,ester and acid are studied separately as green reductants.Process parameters under different reaction conditions are investigated and the optimal process parameters are obtained.And then,the atomic profit,economic and environmental benefit are analyzed.


Objective To determine the effects ofQingkailing Injection (QKL) on free calcium of synaptosomes in rats with neuroto xic brain edema (NBE) induced by L-glutamate. Methods Thirty S pragueDawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: ①sham control group (SHA, n=10); ②model group (MOD, n=10); ③therapy group (QKL, n=10), each rat was injected QKL (10 ml/kg, i.p.). The water content and the concentrations of sodiu m, potossium, calcium of the cerebral cortex and free calcium ([Ca2+]i) of the synaptosomes were determined at 4 hours after injecting chloride sodium o r glutamate into the right lateral ventricle. Results The level of water content 82.04%±0.8%, and the concentrations of sodium (244. 4±29.3) mmol/kg and [Ca2+]i (327.9±33.2) nmol/L signific antly increased in MOD compared with SHA 79.93%±0.59%, (213.8±13 .0) mmol/kg, (159.6±18.6) nmol/L,P0.01, P0.05, P0.01 respectively, while the concentraion of calcium in MOD (4.76± 0.74) mmol/kg significantly decreased compared with SHA (5.21±0.81) m mol/kg (P0.05). The water content 80.13%±0.72% and the concent rations of sodium (209.4±14.7) mmol/kg and [Ca2+]i (162.5± 17.6) nmol/L significantly decreased in QKL compared with MOD (P0.01, 0.01, 0.01 respectively), while calcium (5.44±0.76) mmol/kg increased (P0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that QKL can protect against NBE, whose mechanism may be related to preventing the free calcium of the synaptosomes influx.


1. This document relates to the Inquiries into Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths etc. (Scotland) Bill introduced in the Scottish Parliament on 19 March 2015. It has been prepared by the Scottish Government to satisfy Rule 9.3.3 of the Parliament's Standing Orders. The contents are entirely the responsibility of the Scottish Government and have not been endorsed by the Parliament. Explanatory Notes and other accompanying documents are published separately as SP Bill 63–EN.


SSOR-PCG method is a high efficiency method for solving problems with large symmetric definite matrix.It can not be applied to contact problems which don′t satisfy the condition as the matrix formulated by Lagrange multiplier method has zero diagonal terms.To solve this problem,the SSOR-PCG penalty method is presented by establishing a penalty matrix which is related to Lagrange multiplier.Furthermore,from the relationship between the active degree-of-freedom and passive degree-of-freedom,the so-called SSOR-PCG variable-substitution method is presented for contact problems with zero diagonal terms.The effectiveness and the precision of SSOR-PCG variable-substitution method are tested and proved by the numerical results.


The dissertation consists of three articles in which the solvability of groups and the solvability of loops are considered. The first parts of the thesis survey some basic information and results on transversals and loops. The summarizing parts provide the three main results for the solvability of


Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan is composed of poly (2-deoxy-2asetilamin-2-glucose) and poly (2-deoksi2-aminoglukosa) that binds (1-4) β-glycosidic. Chitosan character is non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. Chitosan also has a very much usefulness in everyday life such as adsorbent of heavy metal waste and dye, preservatives, antifungal, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, flocculants, anticancer and antibacterial. The pharmaceutical industry is now preoccupied with issues about capsule shell. The main ingredient of making current commercial capsule shell is gelatin derived from cow bones and pork skin. The weakness shell gelatin capsules of pig skin makes this product can't be consumed by the majority of society, while gelatin made from cow bones makes people worried about contracting mad cow disease. from the cow. Standard shell capsules for pharmaceutical purposes must have the specifications for water content is 12,5% to 15%. Gel strength in the range of 240 bloom to 140 bloom. Viscosity in the range of 4,7 cps to 3,2 cps. Ash content does not outtop 5%. The degree of acidity (pH) in the range of 5,5 to 5,7. The results of several studies on samples of shrimp chitosan obtained result is 5,56% water content, ash content is 0,8%, and the viscosity was 120,5 cps. Manufacture of chitosan capsule shell is intended to substitute shell gelatin capsules made from pork or cow bones. Increase the value of the capsule shell because chitosan character as antibacterial, antiradiasi, as a preservative of food products, and can absorb heavy metals.


Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1) serves a pivotal role in allergic reactions, which is one of the main causes of adenoid hypertrophy. The present study aimed to investigate the function of CYSLT1 within adenoid hypertrophy. A total of 40 patients with adenoid hypertrophy were recruited between January 2014 and January 2016 at the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, China. The patients were divided into either the mild-moderate group or the severe group according to their disease severity. The expression of CYSLT1 in the adenoid tissue and whole blood of all patients and healthy controls was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Associations between the expression level of CYSLT1 and the clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed. Primary human adenoid epithelial cells (HAECs) with CYSLT1 knockdown and overexpression were constructed. The levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)2 and phosphorylated-ERK1/2 in adenoid tissue and HAECs were detected by western blot analysis. The expression of CYSLT1 in adenoid tissue and whole blood of all patients with adenoid hypertrophy was significantly higher compared with the healthy controls (P<0.05). In addition, the expression level of CYSLT1 was significantly higher in the severe group compared with the mild-moderate group (P<0.05). The highest level of p-ERK1/2 in adenoid tissue was observed in the severe group, followed by the mild-moderate group and then the control group (P<0.05). CYSLT1 expression was positively associated with the severity of disease. CYSLT1 knockdown significantly decreased the level of p-ERK1/2 in HAECs (P<0.05), while CYSLT1 overexpression significantly increased the level of p-ERK1/2. It was concluded that CYSLT1 may contribute to the progression of adenoid hypertrophy by activating ERK1/2. Introduction As one of the leading causes of nasal respiratory obstruction in childhood, adenoid hypertrophy affects ~3% of children (1). The upper airway obstruction caused by adenoid hypertrophy may seriously affect maxillofacial and dental development (2). Besides that, nasal airway obstruction caused by this disease may lead to a series of problems including behavioral issues, night discomfort, daytime sleepiness and poor school performance (1). Moreover, adenoid hypertrophy is often combined with allergic rhinitis, which in turn increases the difficulties in the treatment and prolongs the duration of disease (3). Allergic diseases are closely correlated with the incidence of adenoid hypertrophy (4). Therefore, the inhibition of allergic reaction may benefit the prevention and treatment of adenoid hypertrophy. As a receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1) has been reported to play essential roles in mediating a variety of hypersensitivity and allergic reactions (5). It has been confirmed that the expression level of CYSLTR1 is abnormally upregulated in adenoid tissue of patients with adenoid hypertrophy, indicating the involvement of CYSLTR1 in the progression of this disease (6). However, the mechanism of the role of CYSLTR1 in adenoid hypertrophy remains unknown yet. In the present study, expression of CYSLTR1 in adenoid tissue of patients with different degree of adenoid hypertrophy was detected. The correlation between the expression level of CYSLTR1 and clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed. In addition, the interaction between CYSLTR1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 was studied as well. Patients and methods Patients. A total of 40 patients with adenoid hypertrophy were selected during the period from January 2014 to January 2016 in Children's Hospital of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, China). All patients were diagnosed by symptoms including snoring, apnoea, nasal, congestion, and so on. Nasopharyngeal obstruction was detected using pharyngorhinoscopy or CT imagining. Patients with a history of allergy or allergy-related diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, were excluded from this study. There are 18 females and 22 males, and the age ranged from 4 to 8 years with an average age of 5.9±0.9 years. The patients were divided into mild-moderate group (<80% of the nasopharyngeal space had been occupied by the hypertrophied CYSLTR1 promotes adenoid hypertrophy by activating ERK1/2 WENJIE GAO, JINYING LI, QUANHENG LI and SHUHUA AN Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China Received November 26, 2017; Accepted May 9, 2018 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6282 Correspondence to: Dr Shuhua An, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, 133 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Quaternary semiconductor alloys based on GaSb are suitable for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell applications as they have low and adjustable band‐gap. However, they exhibit phase separation which destroys band‐gap uniformity. In this work, GaInAsSb thin films grown on GaSb vicinal substrates with different miscut angles were studied by CTEM, in order to determine the influence of the cut‐off angle on phase separation. It was found that the coatings exhibit two types of compositional modulation (CM), one parallel (Vertical CM — VCM) and the other forming an angle (Lateral CM — LCM) with the substrate plane. The VCM does not depend on the cut‐off angle while the LCM does.